TABLE OF CONTENTS | THE SMARTEST ISSUE EVER
FEATURES
DEPARTMENTS
8 | STICKING OUT
4 | CONFESSIONS
Magic tricks, good brew, and crosswords
William Yu will graduate in May with three degrees. Oh, and he’s only 19.
round out the IMP’s designer-degrees.
12 | LONG LIVE THE SWIMMER How James ‘Doc’ Counsilman irrevocably changed the world under the water.
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5 | KNOW-IT-ALL Running late? Blame your right brain, not the alarm clock.
6 | TIP JAR It’s your money. We just know how to spend it.
7 | BET TER YOU 17 | OF HOPE AND LIGHT
Bend the world to your whims. You know you want to.
The IU Cyclotron was once used for destruction. Now, it’s saving lives.
22 | INSIDE OUT
ONLINE ONLY
The top 10 worst things to come from IU.
CELLULAR SEARCH ENGINE Need answers? IU alum Scott Jones invented the text-based answer service ChaCha.
BEHIND THE MARATHON IU’s Dance Marathon runs on more than just caffeine. We take a look behind the scenes.
Vol. 3, Issue 2 www.idsnews.com/inside
Please recycle
Cover photo by Zach Hetrick. Cover illustration by Larry Buchanan, Ellis Latham-Brown, Rachel Silverman, Allie Townsend, and Katie Myrick.
2 | INside
FROM THE EDITOR IU is really smart. In more than 185 years, it has put Hoosiers in space 1, on professional sports teams 2, and in the national spotlight 3. They’re on screen 4 and behind it 5, and working on some of the most important research 6 our generation has seen. Not bad, IU, not bad. Allie Townsend, Editor
1. David Wolf, MD’82, was the first American to vote from space in 1997. 2. Former IU basketball star Isiah Thomas played for the Detroit Pistons. 3. Singer Janie Frickie, BS’72, won the Country Music Association’s “Female Vocalist of the Year” award twice. 4. Jane Pauley, BS’72, is a NBC Today Show anchor. 5. Screenwriter Madelyn Pugh Davis, BA’42, wrote for “I Love Lucy.” 6. The IU School of Medicine was awarded research grants from Susan G. Komen for the Cure in 2008.
Confessions of a boy genius
CONFESSIONS
Nineteen-year-old senior, Yun William Yu, came to IU when he was 15. He’s earning three degrees and applying to medical school, but his GPA is a mere 3.993 thanks to an A-minus in a freshman-year honors analysis class. INSIDE: What education7 did you receive growing up? WILLIAM YU: My mother started teaching me when I was young, so
I learned a lot of math and reading before I entered kindergarten. I went to a regular public school. In fifth grade, my teacher told my parents that there was no more material at that level for me to take, so they had me take a placement test8. They ended up moving me up two grades. INSIDE: What’s your average class schedule like? WY: This semester, I’m only taking 15 credit hours. In the past, I’ve
averaged around 21 hours a semester, but the highest number I’ve ever taken was 23 hours. Since my freshman year, except for this semester, I’ve always taken at least 19 credit hours. INSIDE: You have several avenues to pursue. What are your career aspirations? WY: Right now I’m applying to a number of M.D. and Ph.D.9 programs. I’m hoping to go into biomedical research10. I’d like to go into doing computational modeling of cell-signaling pathways. I’ve still got many years of school ahead of me. INSIDE: What is it like being younger than your peers? WY: I’ve sort of reached the age where, because people assume that
I’m the same age as them, people usually don’t figure out that I’m a few years younger. Right now, as a senior, there are some things, like when my housemates are going out to the bars, which is something that I can’t do for a few more years. Really, college wasn’t that bad of an experience because the age difference wasn’t that noticeable. Back when I was in high school, of course, I was two feet shorter than everyone. INSIDE: What drives you? WY: I’ve been described multiple times as being a truly curious kid. I
really just like learning about really cool new things. Like whenever I’m learning about some new mathematics thing or whatever, sometimes it is just really beautiful at times. The world is a really beautiful place ... it’s sort of hard to describe. I feel a sense of beauty whenever I learn about something. INSIDE: Who are your role models or heroes? WY: Probably some combination of Spock and Data from Star
Trek11, and Sherlock Holmes. Back when I was in middle school, I decided to be exactly like Spock. I spent my time learning how to focus on being completely rational. After I tried being Spock, I sort of stunted some of my social growth, so I decided to take on Data as my role model instead. He is someone emotionless who is trying to become more human. And Sherlock Holmes just because he’s cool. INSIDE: What has been the most gratifying experience for you outside of academics? WY: Learning to swing dance.
– As told to Joe Jasinski
Photo by Zach Hetrick | INside
7. Sen. Evan Bayh, BS’78, LLD’96, former Indiana governor, created the 21st Century Scholars program. 8. IUprofessor Louis Yolando Mazzini developed an inexpensive syphilis test in 1951. 9. Jimmy Wales took Ph.D. classes at IU before he founded Wikipedia. 10. James Dewey Watson, PhD’50, cracked the genetic code in 1953 with the double-helix model of DNA. 11. Andrew “Andreas” Katsulas, MA’69, played Romulan Commander Tomalak on Star Trek: The Next Generation.
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KNOW-IT-ALL
Brain power
It’s a right and left world
By Shannon Burruss Each week, the average college student goes to class, talks with friends, studies for exams, and parties until dawn. But what really allows you to perform12 all of these activities? Hint: It’s not the Red Bull. If you skipped Psych 101, here’s what you really want to know about your brain. PARIETAL LOBE: Perceives sensations, such as touch, temperature, and pain.
FRONTAL LOBES: Responsible for distinguishing your personality and making tough decisions.
People think differently; it’s a fact. Except for those rare exceptions (see pg. 3), it’s common to focus on one subject of academia. Those who think with the left side of their brain tend to use logic in decision-making, while those who think with the right13 side of their brain listen to their gut instinct. Many different personality facets and personal attributes are a result of the dominate hemisphere. Decide for yourself which type you are. And don’t worry, it’s OK to possess qualities from both sides. We’re not robots.
OCCIPITAL LOBE: Controls visual your processing.
CEREBELLUM: Controls complex motor functions, which comes in handy for those endless hours of Guitar Hero.
TEMPORAL LOBE: Allows you to process sound and understand what people are saying.
MEDULLA: Controls your reflexes. RETICULAR FORMATION: Responsible for determining your sleep patterns.
WHAT IS YOUR BRAIN TYPE? LEFT BRAIN: Verbal Plans ahead Responds to logic Detail-oriented Facts dominate Thinks in the present and the past Good at math Prefers to study in silence with bright lighting
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Learns by listening Rational Practical and safe14 Looks at the details Learns best in a step-by-step method Punctual Common jobs of left-brained people: scientist, banker, judge, lawyer, mathematician15, and librarian.
RIGHT BRAIN: Visual Spontaneous and risk-taking Impulsive Intuitive Responds to emotion Good at sports and art Musically inclined16 Prefers to study with background noise
Learns through examples Fantasy-based Looks at the big picture Learns through a general-to-specific method Not punctual Common jobs of right-brained people: politician, beautician, athlete, artist, actor, and craftsperson.
12. IU physiologist Joel Stager found that chocolate milk is even better at revamping ailing muscles than Gatorade. 13. IU was the first state university to continuously admit women. 14. U.S. Rep. J. Edward Rousch, LLB’49, developed the concept of “911” in 1968. 15. IU math professor Daniel Kirkwood discovered gaps in space in 1866. 16. Musician Booker T. Jones, BME’67, has worked with Willie Nelson, Otis Redding, and Ray Charles.
BUDGET-METER Spend $125 on entertainment for the rest of the month and see how far it goes. You could take your sweetie to Scholar’s Inn for dinner17 one night and spend the rest of the month on the couch watching bad movies on TBS. Or you could let us budget your money for you. We promise you’ll have fun and still have cash18 left over for holiday gift giving. Or spiked eggnog, whichever you prefer.
CHEER ON the IU men’s basketball
19, 20
team
LISTEN TO
as it plays Texas Christian University on Dec. 10, $15
Kanye West’s “808s &
with IU student ID. Game starts at 7 p.m.
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GO SEE Sharon Jones
FREEBIE Check out “Dreaming In Darkness,” a luminescence
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project Dec. 12 at the IU Art Museum21. Show starts at 7:30 p.m.
Jake’s Nightclub & Bar, $20.
Mix the ingredients in a blender, pour the eggnog into a cocktail shaker, and shake well. Strain into a
Show starts at 8 p.m.
FREEBIE Curl up with your copy of INside. We can’t give you free
READ “Revolu-
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students. Shows at 2 and 7:30 p.m.
FREEBIE Check out the new Kinsey Institute exhibit, “Sex and Presidential Politics,” open until Dec. 23.
GO SEE “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button,” starring Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett, $10. In theaters Dec. 25.
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17. E.W. Kelley, BS’39, is the founder of Steak ‘n’ Shake. 18. Roscoe L. Egger Jr., BS’42, was Commissioner of the IRS from 1981 to 1986. 19. Hollywood screenwriter Angelo J. Pizzo, BS’71, wrote “Rudy,” 20. and “Hoosiers.” 21. The IU Art Museum was designed by famed architect I.M. Pei, who designed the Louvre Pyramid in Paris. 22. In 1992, Robert James Waller, DBA’68, published “The Bridges of Madison County.” 23. IU professor Rolla Harger invented the drunk-o-meter in 1938.
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BETTER YOU
INside’s guide to
bad behavior There are book smarts and street smarts, and then there are the outsmarts. After all, what’s the point of all that genius24 if you can’t use it for a shortcut every now and then? Disclaimer: INside is not responsible for those humiliated and/or busted when their attempts at being bad go ... well, badly. HOW TO: HAVE SEX IN THE LIBRARY It’s a steamy nerd fantasy and the ultimate college sex rite, but you can’t just walk into the romance section to get lucky. You’ll need more than willingness to knock boots25 between Hawthorne and Hemingway – you’ll need a plan. To get it right, we turned to an anonymous expert, an officer in the “I would totally have sex in the library” Facebook group. He says you’ll need to make your way to the infamous stacks and pick your pleasure between floors four through 11. “Just go a bit before close so there’s not someone sweeping the floor for people so you don’t get shut in the dark,” he says. Other tips: Find dark corners to provide the best support, designate one partner to be the look-out, and girls, be sure to wear a skirt26 for easy access. Need more of a challenge? Double the kudos27 if you get freaky during finals week, as our source says: “More people, more risk.”
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24. IU faculty members Harry Day, William Nebergall, and Joesph Muhler, BS’47, DDS’48, discovered that stannous fluoride prevented tooth decay. With funding from Procter & Gamble, they unveiled Crest toothpaste in 1956. 25. Alfred Kinsey published “Sexual Behavior in the Human Male” in 1948. 26. Kinsey published “Sexual Behavior in the Human Female” in 1953. 27. Kevin Kline, BA’70, won an Oscar in 1988 for “A Fish Named Wanda.”
BETTER YOU HOW TO: SCORE FREE FOOD Make an effort to spend nothing on getting your fill. To score free grub28 on occasion, pretend to be involved with any group whose meetings you stumble into. Call-out and planning meetings always feature cookies, vegetable platters, and pizza. Or, dress up and attend open houses, which offer more expensive (but free for you!) dips and cheese assortments.
HOW TO: GET OUT OF A PARKING TICKET If you find yourself running late to class and driving your car to campus without a parking pass, don’t stress. If you get a ticket from the parking patrol, write a letter to IU Parking Operations to appeal it. Our suggested excuses: You abstained an injury and had to find the nearest first aid kit, you just ran in to drop off a paper but left your blinkers on, or the signage was confusing and you swore the arrow on the “A permits 24-hour” sign was pointing in the other direction. Remember, the more elaborate the excuse, the more believable it is.
HOW TO: GET INTO A BAR WITHOUT PAYING COVER Why pay cover to get into bars when they are already over-charging you for drinks? The first option is to wait for the bouncer to scrutinize someone else’s ID and just duck in. But if you’re not courageous (or drunk) enough, our advice is to just blend in with the
crowd. Walk in with a group of four or five people and just slip right on by. If you get stopped, point to the unlucky stranger behind you and say, “It’s on him.”
thing you need is for a nosy little sister to ask about the other chick (or dude) from yesterday. But most importantly, mind your No. 1 obstacle: the Internet.
HOW TO: BULLSHIT IN CLASS
HOW TO: RUN AWAY FROM THE COPS
Take a cue from Alaska Governor Sarah Palin: It’s all about confidence, eye contact, and a sweet, allknowing smile. Speak in the vaguest terms29 possible. Don’t say “um,” “like,” or “stuff,” but do drop in a little jargon and any related trivia you may know. Sprinkle in a few phrases such as, “at the end of the day,” and “what it all comes down to” to make it seem like you are wrapping up a slew of intelligent remarks. If all else fails, play the heart-wrenching personal story card. Your professor asks what you thought about the article you “skimmed?” Say it brought back dark personal memories of the time your mom forgot you at the grocery store on your fifth birthday.
HOW TO: DATE TWO PEOPLE AT ONCE There’s a reason for three meals per day – to provide maximum dating opportunities for you poly-daters. First, make sure the playees don’t know they’re being played by carefully selecting from different social circles and majors. Be wary of calling30 and texting31 your other interest while in your current date’s company, and whatever you do, never mix up their names. Try to avoid meeting family and group dates; the last
The smartest way to escape? Shake off the carelessness, gain some alertness and act as sober as possible. Walk away casually and calmly, maintain a composed face, and by all means, don’t blab. However, if you’ve reached the level of intoxication where simply acting sober for a couple minutes is an impossible feat, make like Usain ... and BOLT32.
HOW TO: TURN IN HOMEWORK LATE Two years ago, PC Magazine named IU the most wired public university in the country. Bragging rights for the University meant new procrastination tools for students. For example, your midterm paper is due in an hour, and you’re nowhere near finished explaining Hamlet’s complex moral compass33. Open up the “Assignments” tab on Oncourse and attach a blank document. Take a few hours, complete the paper, then e-mail your prof: “Professor Smith, I just realized the paper I sent you isn’t the one I worked on tirelessly these past three weeks. Here is the correct one!” Or, wait until he notices and sends you an e-mail. Promptly respond with your now-finished paper.
28. Jared Fogle, BS’00, lost more than 240 pounds on “the Subway diet.” 29. Dan Quayle, JD’74, served as vice president from 1889 to 1993. 30. Scott Jones, BS’84, ScD’02, invented voicemail in 1986, 31. and answer service ChaCha in 2007. 32. IU track star and Olympic gold medalist David Neville returned to IU as a volunteer assistant track coach after the Bejing Olympics. 33. Nelson Poynter, BA’24, established the Poynter Center for the study of ethics at IU in 1972.
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1 Holistic Health and Therapeutic Horticulture 2 Video Game Design 3 Environmentally Sustainable Design 8 | INside
4 Food Journalism 5 Early Intervention of Deaf Children34 6 Underwater Archaeology
7 Songwriting35 8 Enigmatology 9 Film and Television Direction36 - 38 10 Pre-Art Therapy
11Magic 12 Speechwriting39 13 Fashion Design 14 History of Rock ‘n’ Roll40 15 Violin Making
PHOTO ILLUSTRATION ZACH HETRICK AND LARRY BUCHANAN
34. IU professor Ralph Appleman developed the vowel-o-meter, used to teach the deaf to speak. 35. Songwriter Hoagy Carmichael, BA’25, JD’26, wrote “Stardust.” 36. David L. Anspaugh, BS’70, directed “St. Elsewhere,” 37. “Miami Vice,” 38. and “Hoosiers.” 39. The IU Assembly Ground, a designated area for speeches and protests, was established in 1963. 40. Professor Glenn Gass, MM’81, DMus’85, created the first history of rock’n’roll courses taught at any music school in the country.
INDIVIDUALIZED MAJOR PROGRAM
Students chart their courses, define their degrees with abstract academics.
By Chip Cutter
Sticking out
ordan Goldklang spent much of his childhood mesmerizing friends and family with tricks and optical41 illusions. In middle school, he’d grab a deck of cards or a fistful of coins and spellbind his classmates whenever he got the chance. Teachers begged him to stop, saying the magic was disruptive. They confiscated his cards, told him to put the coins away, and even called his parents, pleading for help, but nothing worked. School was the ultimate testing ground for his tricks, he says, a place where he could both perfect his art and connect with his peers. When he arrived at IU four years ago, he thought he’d have to give up his beloved hobby to study
“something serious.” But in an ironic twist, the 21-year-old senior is now majoring in magic, taking a range of classes to both hone his performance skills and develop an understanding of the psychology behind the age-old craft. “It’s been kind of a dream come true,” he says. “For so long, I was told not to do magic in school, and now I’m going to school for magic.” He’s one of a growing number of students breaking away from prescriptive majors and choosing to design their own degrees through IU’s Individualized Major Program. The program, part of the College of Arts and Sciences, lets students put together a customized mix of classes – usually spread throughout different schools and departments across campus – that match their interests. Some degrees defy convention. One student ma-
jors in comedy writing, while others pursue offbeat42 topics such as violin making or concert-and-festival production. A few years ago, a student created a major in beer43. He studied entrepreneurial brewing in hopes of eventually opening his own microbrewery. Those zany degrees attract attention, but they’re just as tough as any other on campus, Ray Hedin, the director of the IMP says. Students need to meet all of the requirements of COAS’ bachelor of arts degree, plus complete at least a 25-page final paper or a creative project prior to graduation. In Goldklang’s major, he’s not learning how to shuffle cards or make a rabbit disappear into a hat. Instead, he’s enrolled in anthropology, theater44, business, and psychology courses designed to deepen his understanding of magic. In anthropology, he’s studying witchcraft and alternative beliefs. In
41. Optometrist Merrill J. Allen developed the automatic occluder to fix lazy and cross eyes in 1979. 42. Singer-songwriter Emilie Autumn came to the music school at 15, but left after clashing with professors over her neon-colored hair. 43. Sink-the-Biz, or Sink-the-Bismarck, is a game synonymous with Nick’s Old English Hut, a staple at IU for more than 75 years. 44. The Bloomington Playwrights Project was started by then-IU playwriting student, Tom Moseman in 1979.
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theater, he’s learning how to refine his stage presence and perform in a front of a live audience45. At the Kelley School of Business, classes such as “L201: The Legal Environment of Business” will teach him how to ink contracts with comedy clubs, while psychology allows him to get inside the minds of his audience. Rob Goldstone, a cognitive psychology professor and one of Goldklang’s advisers, says all those courses make sense. Take psychology, for example. In a common trick, a magician will place a penny on a table and cover it with a cup. He’ll then lift up the cup to show that it’s been replaced by a pen cap. Simple enough. But in another version, the magician might raise the cup and show that the penny had been replaced with a bent coin. “In both cases, you’re doing trivial substitution illusions,” Goldstone says. “But if you’re substituting a coin for a bent coin, people are thinking, ‘Oh my gosh, he magically bent that coin, that’s amazing.’ It’s relevant for the magician to know what’s going to impress the audience more.”
IU’s Individualized Major Program developed in the late 1960s as students questioned authority and fought to take charge of their own education. For years, it maintained a low profile, enrolling about 30 students at any given time. Over time, though, the program increased its stature and pumped out notable alums, including New York Times crossword master Will Shortz46, who graduated with a degree in enigmatology, or puzzle-making, in 1974. Though no organization tracks the number of individualized major programs in existence today, studies show that more and more students are choosing degrees that combine courses from multiple subject areas – something called interdisciplinary studies. In 1991, 17,000 students graduated with interdisciplinary degrees nationwide, according to figures from the National Center for Educational Statistics. By 2006, that figure spiked nearly 80 percent, when more than 32,000 people received such degrees. William H. Newell, executive director of the Association for Integrative Studies at Miami University in Ohio, says it’s understandable that students would want to choose or design a major that covers more than one subject area. “It’s really blossoming,” Newell says. “The nature of the world that we’re living in these days is so complex that you really need training in how to deal with complex issues.” Even so, some suggest that our culture could be behind the push to develop one-of-a-kind47 majors. In today’s society, where students are used to customizing everything from their drink order at Starbucks to their TV shows48 with TiVo, a one-size-fitsall approach to education seems outdated. “It’s the idea of putting your own structure on the world,” Goldstone says. “I think that’s a great part of the attraction, of being able to impose your own world view on intellectual disciplines.” But when students tell professors what they want to study, instead of the other way around, does that disrupt a fundamental balance of power? Not necessarily, Goldstone says. “From a professor’s perspective, if you get students who care enough about their 10 | INside
education to take control of it themselves, usually the reaction is, ‘more power to you, go for it,’” he says. “The professors think, ‘Great this is just what we want.’” Still, so-called designer-degree programs are hardly the norm. On a campus of more than 40,000 students, only about 150 are enrolled in the IMP at one time. Most enter the program as sophomores or juniors after trying out a conventional major and realizing it wasn’t actually what they wanted. Junior Nikki Ashkin started as a business major but decided she wanted to pursue an environmental science major with a certificate from the Liberal Arts and Management Program. When that wasn’t possible, she designed her own major – “sustainable management” – that incorporates both management and the environment. Her goal is to someday work for her father’s “green” cleaning consultancy or become a university professor. The Individualized Major Program, she says, let’s her sample all kinds of relevant courses. “It’s really neat, because each semester, it’s not like I’m only taking business classes or I’m only taking science classes,” she says. “With my program, I can kind of take a whole range of classes and as long as I can prove that it relates back to my focus and as long as I fulfill all of the requirements for COAS, it’s acceptable.”
The program doesn’t only help students: It also acts as an incubator for degrees that later become full-fledged majors within the University. Women’s studies49 – later renamed gender studies – started
in the IMP, as did cognitive science and musical50 theater. In that sense, the IMP serves as a “cultural register” or an early trend spotter, Hedin says. “We send signals to the University as to where interest is developing, which is very useful to the institution,” he says. The current growth area is “problem-based majors” that address issues of sustainability, alternative energy, globalization, and the environment. Junior Julia Greenwald came up with a major that combines her interests in politics and fair trade. The major, “Nonprofit Retail Management with Concentration in Fair Trade,” focuses on the principles of fair trade, poverty, and inequality. She’s taking economics classes to learn how financial systems operate in other countries, and she’s dabbling in merchandising courses, in case she one day works for a fair trade retailer or importer. She says the pay off will come with her first job. “I just find that my generation overwhelmingly wants to do something,” she says. “I don’t know if it’s because we’re in college right now and we’re naive and we want to do something that changes the world, but I feel like we want to do something that helps the environment and doesn’t hurt the environment.” Goldklang, the magician, sees another appeal. The program, he says, lets people pursue their interests even if they don’t have a place within most University degree programs. “I came here to study music, but it turned out to be the perfect school to major in magic,” Goldklang says. “Here’s this passion that I have that I can’t study anywhere else.”
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45. A capella group Straight No Chaser released their debut album, “Holiday Spirits,” in Nov. 2008. The group was originally formed at IU in 1996. 46. Shortz was the first person known to major in puzzles. 47. The IU Auditorium is home to the largest pipe organ in the country. 48. Nicole Parke, BA’00, is an actress for Mad TV. 49. Jill S. Ruckelshaus, BA’58, was a famous women’s rights activist. 50. Susan Dunn, BA’80, is an award-winning spinto soprano.
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51. The IMU is one of the largest student unions in the country. 52. The Whittenberger Auditorium holds the longest running film series in the country: the free Union Board movies. 53. Before he came to IU, Mitch Reinholt starred in 2008’s “American Teen,” a documentary about modern high school students. 54. Michael Uslan, BA’73, MS’75, JD’76, is the producer of the modern “Batman” films, including “The Dark Knight.”
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sw
IU basketball coach and former player, Everett Dean, was IU’s first great head coach. He led the team to their first conference title in 1926. 56. Sarah Parke Morrison was IU’s first female student. She graduated in 1869 and gave a 12 | INside 55. commencement speech in Latin. 55. IU was the first state university in the Midwest to establish a law school. 57. Built in 1900, the Kirkwood Observatory is a giant telescope open to the public from March through October.
wimmer LONG LIVE THE
James ‘Doc’ Counsilman transformed the swimming world with a fierce technique and a gentle coaching style. Story by Kristi Oloffson | Photo by Zach Hetrick
58. Jessica Petelle-Slagle, BA’00, is a filmmaker whose films are set in Indiana. Her Hoosier film projects include “Little Big Top,” set in Peru, Ind., and “Joshua,” set in South Bend. 59. Mark Cuban, BS’81, pioneered live video streaming online 60. with Todd Wagner, BS’83. 61. Craters on Mars and the moon have been named after renowned astronomer Carl Otto Lampland, BA’02, MA’06, LLD’30. 62. Tavis Smiley, BS’86, is a famous journalist and radio personality.
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Few legacies last as long as James “Doc” Counsilman’s. IU’s famous swimming coach won’t only be remembered as the oldest man to swim across the English Channel, for leading IU to 23 Big Ten Championships, or even for the six consecutive NCAA titles his team won63 from 1968 to 1973. Maybe he’ll be remembered for coaching swimming greats such as Mark Spitz64, whose legacy of seven gold medals was just surpassed by Michael Phelps in the 2008 Summer Olympics. But above all, he’ll be remembered as the man who made IU as much of a swimming school as Bob Knight made it a basketball school. Not only did he give Indiana its swimming presence, but he also completed research and wrote “The Science of Swimming,” a book that remains the bible65 of swimming more than 40 years after it was published. But as Spitz passed the torch to Phelps this August, the Counsilman era comes to a close and former swimmers still wonder: Nearly five years after his death, how will Counsilman’s legacy66 live on?
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SWIMMING WITH FISH As one of the greatest swimming coaches, it only seems natural that Counsilman wouldn’t learn to swim like everyone else. One day, the young boy growing up in St. Louis decided to climb the fence of a fish hatchery. After police caught him swimming with the fish, they decided not to punish him. Instead, they introduced him to Ernie Vornbrock, head of the downtown YMCA, who became like a father to him, guiding him not just through swimming, but also through life. Though the moment could have been dismissed, years later his widow, Marge Counsilman, still realizes the significance. “That boy could have gone either direction,” she says. “Instead (Ernie) pointed him in the right way toward a sport that he loved and talked about all the time until the day he died.” But Counsilman’s coaching legacy really started with a man named George Breen. Swimmers such as Breen were Counsilman’s specialty: making something out of nothing. When Counsilman was coaching at Cortland University in upstate New York in 1956, he grabbed Breen from the rowing team and made him try swimming for the first time in his life. Breen would later go on to win a bronze medal at the 1956 Olympics and become a world record holder. “My father has always said nothing would have happened if it hadn’t been for George Breen,” says Cousilman’s daughter Jill Morris. “He had been my father’s big break.” His next big break would be Mark Spitz, a swimming legend who won seven gold medals in the 1972 Olympics, a record that stood for more than 30 years. But even as talented as Spitz was, many attribute a large part of it to Counsilman. “Mark Spitz would have never done what he did in the 1972 Olympics without swimming with Doc for four years,” says Dave Tanner, a research associate in IU’s Department of Kinesiology and Spitz’s former teammate. Doc’s coaching style67 was far from typical, and perhaps that was why it worked. Swimmers like
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Continued on page 20 James Polk, BS’62, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1974 for his coverage of the Watergate scandal for the Washington Star. 64. IU is the only university that owns and provides a Torah, which is in Beck Chapel. 65. Spitz was on track to graduate 14 | INside 63. from IU in 1972, but dropped out after the Munich Olympics. 66. Former IU men’s soccer coach Jerry Yeagley led the Hoosiers to a record 544 wins in his 30-year tenure. 67. Meg Cabot, BA’91, is the author of “The Princess Diaries.”
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68.The IU Press is one of the largest public university presses in the U.S. It publishes 140 new books and 30 journals per year. 69. Former IU President David Starr Jordan was a peace activist. 70. IU zoologist Hermann J. Muller won the Nobel Prize in 1946 for the discovery that X-ray can induce mutations. 71.Ernie Pyle, LLD’44, was Pulitzer Prize winning journalist during WWII. 72. In 1948, Ross Lockridge Jr., BA’35, MA’39, published “Raintree County.”
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Of hope and light IU’s war73 machine finds a new legacy in lifesaving cancer treatment74.
By Megan Meyer |
Photos75 by James Brosher
John Taliaferro Thompson invented the Thompson submachine gun. He attended IU for one year. 74. In 1974, Dr. Lawrence Einhorn, BA’65, developed a course of chemotherapy for testicular cancer that increased the rate of survival 16 | INside 73. from 50 percent to more than 90 percent, which he used to treat seven-time Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong. 75. Photographer Michel duCille, BA’85, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1986 and 1988 while at the Miami Herald.
76. IU football coach Bo McMillen led the Hoosiers to their only undefeated season in history in 1945. 77. Woodburn Hall is considered one of the best examples of gothic architecture in the Midwest. 78. IU researchers developed two major components of the Viking Spacecraft for the Exploration of Mars in 1975. 79. Screenwriter Steve Tesich, BA’65, won an Oscar in 1979 for “Breaking Away,” the Little 500 movie filmed on IU’s campus.
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ishing only to fulfill graduation requirements, history or political science majors might begrudgingly take an introductory-level physics course. As they sit in lecture in Swain Hall West, coloring in the “o’s” of words such as “torque” and “force” on notebook paper, they might prefer to learn about something they believe to be more pertinent to society and people. The Cold War, maybe. Or the Manhattan Project .
What these doodling non-majors don’t know is that they sit on the crater of a war machine. In the belly of Swain Hall West once sat a cyclotron, an instrument that collected data to build Little Boy and Fat Man, atom bombs that the United States dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Inside the cyclotron, sub-atomic particles whirled around in a spiral path, propelled by great magnets to a cataclysmic end. Any world-history class can teach the results of cyclotron research: the loss of 200,000 Japanese lives and the end of the war80. The historic destruction of Hiroshima is separated from IU by thousands of miles and more than 60 years, but time and distance won’t break the connection. Instead of leaving the machine to rust in infamy, the cyclotron was transformed from battle machine to a precision cancer81 treatment. Cutting-edge cancer treatment is presumed to have a home only in places such as the Mayo Clinic, Harvard, and Stanford, but one machine has forever carved Bloomington’s name in the annals of both war and medical history, as the legacy of the cyclotron is rewritten. ***** It’s mid-October in Bloomington, and the IU Department of Physics has scheduled its open house weekend around one of the cyclotron’s quarterly maintenance shutdowns. Although there are many safety measures already in place, public viewing of the facility is limited to these shutdown periods to reduce radiation exposure. Driving down Milo B. Sampson Lane, the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute is nestled just past the IU Cyclotron Facility facade. The lobby is warm and welcoming, with 18 | INside
A proton beam must travel six miles from inside the cyclotron to the patient, a process that takes about onemillionth of a second. When the beam is emitted, it’s about the size of lead in a No. 2 pencil.
overstuffed chairs, children’s toys, and a fish aquarium. To the right is a set of double doors, through which all patients pass before receiving treatment. The doors give way to a brightly lit hallway with rooms lining its sides. This is the patient’s first real encounter with the facility. There are five exam rooms, four for adults and the other for children. The pediatric room’s walls are covered entirely by a mural depicting a greenscape of flowers and birds; at the head of the exam table is a painted teddy bear in a doctor’s uniform. A local film crew has come this morning to interview Allan Thornton, MPRI’s medical director since 2002 and a well-respected figure in radiation oncology. The crew questions him about the significance of proton therapy for Monroe County, and to catch a glimpse of the cyclotron during its shutdown period. Thornton walks in wearing a pressed pinstripe suit, just late enough to arouse a flurry of concern. Once the interview begins, it is clear he is accustomed to speaking about his work. Proton therapy for cancer treatment is no less powerful than conventional X-ray therapy, he says. It’s simply more precise. It allows a group of specialists to target a tumor within 1 millimeter. X-rays, by contrast, have a much looser target, which can affect the surrounding, healthy tissue. Proton beams wield such control because of something called the Bragg peak, a sharp stopping point of the proton beam. Proton therapy offers a kind of accuracy that makes it an ideal form of cancer treatment for children, whose tumors are imbedded in growing tissue, and for patients with tumors in the head or around critical organs. Many patients may be implanted with tiny BB-like balls around the treatment area, markers to position the patient. They remain in the body even after the proton therapy is completed. Phil Thompson, an early patient of MPRI, was implanted with solid gold BBs in his prostate. As he was undergoing treatment, his friends drafted and notarized a document saying if, for whatever reason, Thompson’s wife were to outlive him, she would have an autopsy
performed on him to obtain the gold BBs and have them fashioned into a necklace and earrings. Thompson is closer to the machine than most. He worked for years as a technician on the same cyclotron that extended his life. Thompson’s upbeat attitude and sense of humor82 are infectious, and he’s putting it to good use. After his own recovery, he had a strong impulse to help those going through the same rough patch of road. Feeling blessed to have his family and friends at his side during the treatment, he was compelled to give that same support to patients who are far from loved ones. After seeing some of his fellow patients suffer from loneliness, he was inspired to start Hoosiers Care, a non-proselytizing organization fueled to make patients feel more comfortable during their stay in Bloomington. People have donated money, time, and even condos to the project. **** The walls of Thompson’s office are plastered with photographs of former patients with whom he developed relationships. He has a dozen stories for each face, and each of those faces has gazed with dismay into the nozzle of the proton beam. The machine has spurred both fear and healing. The patients treated at MPRI have been healed by hydrogen ions launched by IU’s original cyclotron. In 1938, shortly after becoming the president of IU, Herman B Wells83 agreed to fund the construction of the University’s first cyclotron. Wells wanted the physics department to surge ahead as a frontrunner of scientific research. The department’s work eventually assisted the Manhattan Project’s drive toward building the ultimate weapon. With the intention of molding the physics program into a world-class academic arena, Wells hired Milo Sampson, Daniel Miller, and Lawrence Langer, all of whom were prominent physicists at the time. It’s Langer, though, who was the most intriguing figure of the group. Having been named the physics department chair, he was also working for the
80. Robert Michael Gates, MA’66, is currently serving as the 22nd U.S. Secretary of Defense. 81. IU professor Mansukhlal Wani, PhD’62, is the co-discoverer of two anti-cancer drugs considered standard in the treatment to fight ovarian, breast, lung, and colon cancers. 82. Don Herold, BA’13, was an American humorist, writer, illustrator, and cartoonist. 83. As IU’s famed 11th president, Wells was known for his walks through campus and the University’s desegregation.
Manhattan Project. Legend has it84 that the night before deployment in 1945, Langer slept on one of the bombs destined for Japan to prevent tampering. Work on the cyclotron continued for decades, until researchers set their sights on the implementation of another powerful tool. The National Science Foundation granted funding, and in 1968, the old cyclotron was decommissioned to make way for the new, more powerful 200 mega-electron-volt cyclotron. That same year, Phil Thompson joined the staff as a cyclotron technician, though he had no experience in physics. “At that time, I was a generalist,” he says. “I was a jack of all trades and master of none. I could do ... you name it. They were looking for someone who had a myriad of skills to be a technician. Not even knowing what a cyclotron was, I was hired.” Thompson eventually became assistant to the director of the facility, and worked on the machine through its transitions. The small cyclotron was moved from Swain Hall West to the IUCF’s current home north of Memorial Stadium, and refurbished to serve as an injector cyclotron for a larger, more modern partner. Together, the two accelerators85 sent particles shooting at nearly the speed of light. Building the new facility was a dangerous job. Managing such heavy objects and high voltages was careful, tiring work. One man, Thompson says, was severely injured after taking a nasty fall into the main stage cavity of the concrete floor. By fall 1975, the construction ended, and the cyclotron siblings were set to operate. For 25 years, the center functioned as a highly esteemed medium-energy nuclear physics laboratory.
**** Technology86 is cannibalistic by nature: The new consumes the old. The IU Cyclotron Facility was eclipsed by more sophisticated machines, such as the Tevatron at Fermilab, near Chicago. And, since the IU cyclotron clocked in at the relatively low energy of 208 MeV, it could no longer compete in nuclear-physics research87. In 1987, John Cameron was appointed the director of IUCF. He was a motivating force in ushering the facility toward its new role, aware of its looming obsolescence. He had learned about proton therapy at the University of Alberta. In Canada, proton therapy became increasingly commonplace as a method of cancer treatment. The IUCF was a good candidate for proton therapy due to the cyclotron’s lower-energy beam, which was just strong enough to penetrate halfway through the average human body. “This is perfect for humans. You only need to penetrate halfway through because you can just turn the patient around to get the other side,” Susan Klein says, cutting right past physics jargon. Klein has been a medical physicist at IUCF for more than 15 years, and has witnessed many of the hurdles it has faced during her tenure. When Klein joined the staff, Cameron was garnering enough support and funding to develop IUCF’s role as an institution devoted to medical innovation. In 1993, a young man suffering from an aggressive, inoperable brain tumor became the facility’s first patient to receive the proton therapy. Klein says that at the time, “everything was very rudimentary.”
The progress could not have come at a better time. By 1998, the funding from the National Science Foundation for the had cyclotron ran out, and IUCF needed to change gears or close its doors. In response to the dilemma was the construction of the MPRI , now one of only five such clinics in the nation. Though it saved the cyclotron’s operation, the shift was not without its opponents. Many doctors and administrators were adamantly opposed to proton therapy. Those against it indicated that its effectiveness had yet to be officially proven because it never underwent a double-blind study. Klein says such a study would not be useful because the technology is constantly changing. “It’s a moving target,” she says. Despite doubts of the proton therapy’s supposed benefits, there were two men who showed tremendous faith in the technology. One was Thompson, the other, Cameron. But when both developed prostate cancer in 2004, and they each chose proton therapy as their preferred method of treatment. The timing of their treatments overlapped, and the two men shared in the experience of moving from behind the scenes of the cyclotron to the target of the beam. There are photos of the pair dancing together in the foyer of MPRI, dressed only in hospital gowns, Cameron says. In both cases, the cancer was sent into remission and has not returned, thanks to the protons whirling around inside the cyclotron, hurled by magnets guiding them to their proper place. “It’s been a journey,” Thompson says, reflecting on the way events in his life have unfolded. “It’s been very interesting--it’s not over yet, either.”
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84. Jan Harold Brunvand, PhD’61, created the concept of the urban legend, or modern-day folklore. 85. IU professor Harold Ogren spent 12 years developing a transition radiation tracker for the Large Hadron Collider, the largest particle accelerator in the world. 86. IU’s Krannert Institute of Cardiology produced a new pacemaker in 1978. 87. In 2000, the largest research project in University history was started, the Indiana Genomics Initiative.
INside | 19
Continued from page 14
an NCAA title. It was 1968, against Yale University, IU’s arch rival. During first day of the meet, a few of Doc’s swimmers were disqualified, and the team was behind, with little hope of winning the meet. Before the final race, Doc called a meeting, but instead of talking like a coach, he read a poem: “The moon maketh the stars on high, the sun maketh the butterfly, the sparkling dew may kiss the grass, and Eli Yale can kiss my ass.” Marge still remembers how after that poem, the team came away with an incredible win and Counsilman’s first national title. Little did he know how many would soon follow. “I would say that was a good example of the kind of coach he was,” Marge says. “It was like him against the world. Or our team against the world. And may-
‘THE OLDEST MAN IN THE SEA’
Marge still remembers when her husband swam Breen and Spitz weren’t automatic Olympians88. across the English Channel. On an early August Yet Counsilman rarely yelled at his swimmers (Tanmorning, the 58-year-old began his famous swim ner remembers only three times). covered in lambs’ oil to keep the heat in his body. He “When Bob Knight89 was the basketball coach had just been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease , to here, he was very verbally abusive and people said, which he would eventually succumb, but was deter‘Oh they need that,’” says Alan Somers, a former mined to be the oldest person to swim the Channel swimmer who still lives in Bloomington. “And I said, after months of training. Counsilman started early in ‘I don’t think so.’ I’ve seen some pretty good results the morning. Marge rode in a boat just ahead of her without people doing that. Of course it’s much more husband, guiding the way. difficult to do it that way.” The water was a chilly 53 degrees, and the third Counsilman also never did anything without a and final portion of the swim was the most difficult, reason. Rather than make his swimmers run pointMarge says, the water getting heavier, the waves less drills, he explained why they were important. choppier. A Russian boat nearly hit Counsilman beInstead of teaching them how to be swimmers, he cause the boat’s driver was drinking taught them how to train. In fact, a cup of coffee and failed to see him. Morris says the only thing her father But at about 7 p.m., after more than didn’t have much of a reason for was It was like him against the world. Or our team 13 hours, Counsilman reached the his own nickname, which he picked coast of France. on a whim because it sounded familagainst the world. And maybe that’s not the “I just remember he put both iar, but still had stature. arms up and shook them at the world. “He never really said this is the way sports should be. But that’s the way he He was just so happy,” Marge says. way you’re supposed to swim,” Tan“They are crazy, these swimmers, but ner says of Counsilman’s coaching you can’t help but admire them.” methods. “He would say this is what was. And we won. We won that night. Oh, I One thing former swimmers of the champions are doing. And then he certainly agree on was would use physics to explain why.” loved it. It changed everybody. Marge Counsilman Counsilman’s Marge’s presence. She wasn’t just his More than one of Counsilman’s wife; she was a second coach, takswimmers describe him as a “master ing in swimmers who lived far away, psychologist,” able to manipulate and discipline his swimmers. Tanner says Counsilman be that’s not the way sports should be. But that’s the opening her house to each athlete, and helping had the “uncanny ability to multitask.” He taught way he was. And we won. We won that night. Oh, I Counsilman every step of the way with his books. “He did most of the work. I straightened out the his swimmers to be dependent on themselves. And loved it. It changed everybody90.” But besides being the father of swimming coach- English a little bit sometimes,” she says. then they started to win. The pair met when Counsilman was a lifeguard “He didn’t have to motivate swimmers,” Morris es, Counsilman pioneered something else: research says. “The swimmers that came to him were ultra- that would forever change swimming. He studied in Cuyahoga Falls, a small town in Ohio. She was competitive and wanted to succeed. The slackers swimming as a science, basing his training on scien- eating a candy bar in the local swimming pool, and tific methods that would later lead to his book, “The he kicked her out of the water. “It was like they say would not stay with this program.” Science of Swimming,” in 1968. A leader in train- in old days, love at first sight,” Marge says. “I sure ing theory, Counsilman analyzed stroke technique, felt that way on my part. He just seemed perfect to HOW IT BEGAN If it couldn’t have happened without George invented the pace clock, and was a pioneer in using me.” Though Marge didn’t know how to swim, she Breen, then it certainly couldn’t have happened underwater cameras91. Used to teach athletes how to without Marge. But the 84-year-old’s way of de- improve their strokes, the book remains a staple in learned, mainly to impress him. After three months scribing her husband’s coaching style is somewhat today’s swimming world, and has been published in of dating, they eloped. No one doubted the large part Marge played different. She remembers the first time his team won more than 20 languages.
“”
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88. IU wrestling coach Billy Thom coached the 1936 U.S. Olympic wrestling team and was inducted into the Wrestling Hall of Fame. 89. Knight coached the 1984 Olympic men’s basketball team which included Michael Jordan. 90. George Taliaferro, BS’51, was the first African American drafted by the NFL. 91. In 1957, Will Counts, MS’54, EdD’67, took the iconic photo of Hazel Bryan screaming at Elizabeth Eckford during the Little Rock Central High School integration.
in Counsilman’s achievements. She wasn’t just the coach’s wife on the sidelines. She adopted his lifestyle and made it hers, too. Today, she still lives in Bloomington and remains friends with many of Counsilman’s former swimmers. She still gets about 20 phone calls per week – just from people who like to check up on her. “To me, it was like a miracle to live this kind of life, because I had so many friends,” she says. “Alan Somers, who lives here in Bloomington, is still one of my best friends, and I could say that about hundreds and hundreds of guys.”
WILL THE LEGACY LIVE ON? Though Spitz’s record was passed by Phelps in the 2008 Summer Olympics, Counsilman’s former swimmers vow never to forget his contributions to the swimming world91. Tanner says the number of students who don’t know about Counsilman shocks him. The worst is when he says he hears the Counsilman-Billingsley Aquatic Center92 referred to as the “SRSC pool.” “When I teach a class, they know who Doc is by the time they leave,” Tanner says, almost angry at the man current students missed out on. “You have to give the man the respect he deserves for the University.” Back in the 1960s, when few programs had the talent of the Hoosier team, swimming greats would flock to IU. Now, swimmers attend schools in warmer climates with programs as good as IU’s once was. It’s been two years since the men’s swimming team won a Big Ten championship and 35 years since its last NCAA title. Current IU swim coach Ray Looze knows the legacy he follows. He and IU basketball coach Tom Crean may lead different sports, but they have the same job challenges. While Crean tries to rebuild a team that rivals Bob Knight’s of the 1980s, Looze aims to do the same with Counsilman’s teams of the 1960s. He’s one of the few people passing Doc’s legacy on – and says he won’t soon forget the man93 who got him where he is today. “Anything he’s done that’s applicable in this day and age, I’ve certainly tried to put to practice,” he says. While Counsilman could have easily left IU for “greener pastures,” as Looze says, he stuck around IU for 30 years. “I don’t know if there’s as much loyalty in the business anymore,” Looze says. “I hope I can do that, where I can stay at an institution over 30 years.” Morris agrees that her father’s loyalty to the team and the community was remarkable94. Despite two different coaching opportunities offered by Stanford University, as well as bids from other colleges, Counsilman stayed. “He always said, I’m going to stay here because I recruited these guys and I can’t leave them,” Morris says. “It was always rather interesting that my father would make a minor sport so huge at a Midwest university.” But even as Looze works to rebuild a team without any Olympians, he says he refuses to be discouraged. He knows successful history of the program, but says he won’t let it be a burden. “There will never be another Doc Counsilman,” Looze says. “I’m humbled to the fact that I will never reach his heights.”
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92. Howard Ashman, MFA’74, won an Academy Award for Best Song for “The Little Mermaid’s” “Under the Sea.” 93. IU diving coach Hobie Billingsley led the Hoosiers to 20 Big Ten Conference and six NCAA championships. Billingsley’s divers won 27 Big Ten and 16 NCAA individual championships. 94. In 2005, IU football coach Terry Hoeppner dubbed Memorial Stadium, “The Rock.” 95. IU track coach Earl “Billy” Hayes’ team never finished below second place in the cºonference.
INside | 21
INSIDE OUT
THE WORST THINGS TO COME FROM IU We tried to stay on the bright side, but these IU-originals are worse than Bob Knight on a bad chair day. still don’t know.
1. KELVIN SAMPSON 96
6. WILDERMUTH DECISION DELAY
His short lived coaching tenure left long-term damage to the IU men’s basketball program and have made cell phones public enemy No. 1 inside Assembly Hall97.
It took over a year and a half for a committe to reach a decision on a segregationalist’s name heading a large University facility. (Not that we welcome the outcome100, either.)
2. STRIPED PANTS Yeah, nostalgia, we get it. We still say, “Nay.”
7. ASSEMBLY HALL A terrible view for any kind of attraction, sporting or otherwise.
3. PARKING OPERATIONS Your fear of driving on campus is explained by a bicycle98 and the Wicked Witch of the West tune. They must hide in bushes.
How much money can you pay to be annoyed with melody-making clocks?
What’s more refreshing than a brisk four-flight climb after your 15-minute walk to class?
10. BREATHALYZER
5. HOOSIER?? Mysterious99, yes. Mascot, no. For the last time, what the hell is a Hoosier? 150 years later and we LARRY BUCHANAN
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When 50 ‘Reply to All’ e-mails can send your account into panic, you’re probably at IU.
9. CLOCKS
4. STAIRS IN BALLANTINE
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In 1954, Robert Borkenstien, BA’58, LLD’87, invented the Breathalyzer. Fifty years later, students still mutter terrible things about him.
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96. Fine, we’ll give him Eric Gordon, but that’s it. 97. Assembly Hall court was named for IU basketball coach, Branch McCracken, BA’30. 98. Little 500 was founded in 1951 by Howdy Wilcox Jr., who modeled it after the Indianapolis 500. 99. Michael Koryta, BA’06, is an award-winning mystery writer. 100. IU basketball forward Bill Garrett, BS’51, was the first African American to play in the Big Ten. His name will now be added to Wildermuth’s as the title of the HPER Fieldhouse.