Line Rider October 2021 by Idaho Cattle Association

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OCTOBER 2021

PRESIDENT Jay Smith .....................(Carmen) 208-940-1020 PRESIDENT-ELECT Mark Pratt..................(Blackfoot) 208-681-6597 VICE PRESIDENT Kim Brackett..............(Homedale) 208-308-1952 PAST PRESIDENT Dawn Anderson...........(Gooding) 208-280-1509 TREASURER Cody Hendrix................... (Rigby) 208-360-9693 FEEDER COUNCIL CHAIR Spencer Black................... (Almo) 208-647-8130 PUREBRED COUNCIL CHAIR Josh Malson (Parma) 208-739-0725 COW-CALF COUNCIL CHAIR Scott Rigby..................(Rexburg) 208-313-6809 CATTLEWOMEN COUNCIL CHAIR Gwenna Prescott............. (Carey) 208-308-8261 DISTRICT 1 REPRESENTATIVES Mike McClean............. (Post Falls) 208-661-7518 Quin Wemhoff...............(Kamiah) 208-983-6448 DISTRICT 2 REPRESENTATIVES Jerry Wroten................... (Wilder) 541-709-6590 Marg Chipman...............(Weiser) 208-550-0605 DISTRICT 3 REPRESENTATIVES Eugene Matthews............(Oakley) 208-431-3260 John Peters........................ (Filer) 208-358-3850 DISTRICT 4 REPRESENTATIVES Ryan Steele.............. (Idaho Falls) 208-390-5765 Norman Wallis.....................(May) 208-993-1342 DISTRICT 5 REPRESENTATIVES Roscoe Lake..............(Blackfoot) 208-604-3650 Val Carter..................... (Pingree) 208-684-4811 ALLIED INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVE Maddee Moore................ (Nampa) 541-786-1825 DIRECTORS AT LARGE Robert Oxarango......... (Emmett) 208-800-2229 Shawna Gill.............(Grand View) 208-850-9076 CATTLEWOMEN BOARD REPRESENTATIVE Maggie Malson................ (Parma) 208-734-2265

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT Cameron Mulrony........cameron@idahocattle.org DIRECTOR OF MEMBERSHIP & INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENT Morgan Lutgen............. morgan@idahocattle.org NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY DIRECTOR Karen Williams..................karen@idahocattle.org ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Michelle Johnson.......... michelle@idahocattle.org Contact Idaho Cattle Association: Mailing address: P.O. Box 15397, Boise, ID 83715 Location: 2120 Airport Way, Boise, ID 83705 Phone: 208-343-1615

For advertising sales, contact: idahocattlepublications@gmail.com The Line Rider is the official publication of the Idaho Cattle Association. It is published 10 times each year, in January, February, March, April/May, June, July/August, September, October, November and December.

www.idahocattle.org

DEPARTMENTS

FEATURES

Message from the President

Message from the EVP

Message from the Natural Resources Policy Director

Submit your nominations for the ICA Board of Directors by Oct. 15 14 ICF is accepting funding applications for education programs 18

ICA archive

Food Producers of Idaho honors 6 south-central Idaho farm families 16 Register now for the annual ICA Convention and Trade Show

Why you should obtain your Beef Quality Assurance certification

University of Idaho: How to benefit from outcome-based management 32 New and renewed members

IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 3

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

Past, present and future, the Idaho Cattle Association — and change — are constants

BY JAY SMITH ICA President

The ICA helps preserve and promote this great industry and its legacy

y great-grandfather had a homestead ranch in Southeast Idaho, near the small town of Poplar. In the fall of 1924, he took a trip up to Lemhi County to visit a cousin and do some hunting. I’m not sure of the planned duration of this journey, but it ended up being a one-way trip. He found a beautiful ranch at the head of the Carmen Creek Valley that was listed for sale, purchased it and did not personally return to his former home. Instead, he sent a messenger to let his wife and children know that they needed to pack up and head north. His wife and the younger children made the trip, part of the way by train and the remainder by car. The oldest two boys (just teenagers) were instructed to round up the stock and drive them to the new ranch, which they had never seen, some 200 miles away. My great-uncle Archie was one of the two boys, and he spent his 16th birthday on Gilmore Summit in subzero temperatures. The livestock transportation mission was completed just two days before Christmas. The livestock business has always been tough and full of challenges, and I have always said that the only constant in life is change. A lot has changed since 1924 — a whole lot — but we are still here raising children and cows on the land we love. As we rapidly approach 100 years in our “new” home of Carmen, I can’t help but reflect on the challenges overcome and sacrifices made by past generations to create the success we enjoy today.

4 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

PHOTO PROVIDED BY JAY SMITH

Every fall we pick the bull calves we want to keep and cut the rest. My crew, friends and neighbors come help. It’s always a fun way to get a big job done. With that said, I believe it is the duty of each and every one of us to preserve the legacy of the generations that came before us and create opportunity for the generations that will follow us. There are many ways to go about this, but for me and my family, the Idaho Cattle Association has been a great tool to preserve the legacy, promote the industry and protect the viability of Idaho’s cattle industry. And we hope that this will continue well into the future.

www.idahocattle.org

25.4

MORE POUNDS THAN

Dectomax® (doramectin).2

GAIN

EVERY LAST POSSIBLE

POUND.

Extended-Release Injectable Parasiticide 5% Sterile Solution For the Treatment and Control of Internal and External Parasites of Cattle on Pasture with Persistent Effectiveness Not for use in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including dry dairy cows. Not for use in calves to be processed for veal. Not for use in breeding bulls, or in calves less than 3 months of age. Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive rotational grazing. CAUTION: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. INDICATIONS FOR USE LONGRANGE, when administered at the recommended dose volume of 1 mL per 110 lb (50 kg) body weight, is effective in the treatment and control of the following internal and external parasites of cattle: Gastrointestinal Roundworms Lungworms Bunostomum phlebotomum – Adults Lungworms and L4 Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults Gastrointestinal Roundworms oncophora Bunostomum phlebotomumCooperia – Adults and L4 – Adults and L4 Cooperia punctata – Adults and L4 Cooperia oncophora – Adults and L4 Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults Cooperia surnabada – Adults and L4 Cooperia punctata – AdultsHaemonchus and L4 placei – Adults Grubs Cooperia surnabada – Adults and L4 Oesophagostomum radiatum – AdultsGrubs Hypoderma bovis Haemonchus placei – AdultsOstertagia lyrata – Adults Mites Hypoderma bovis Oesophagostomum radiatum – Adults Ostertagia ostertagi – Adults, L4, and Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis Ostertagia lyrata – Adults inhibited L4 Mites Trichostrongylus axei –LAdults and L4 Ostertagia ostertagi – Adults, L4 and inhibited 4 Trichostrongylus colubriformis – Adults Trichostrongylus axei – Adults and L4 Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis Persistent Activity Trichostrongylus colubriformis – Adults the following parasites for the indicated amounts of time following treatment:

Parasites

Gastrointestinal Roundworms Gastrointestinal Roundworms Bunostomum phlebotomum Bunostomum phlebotomum Cooperia oncophora Cooperia oncophora Cooperia punctata Cooperia punctata Haemonchus placei Haemonchus placei Oesophagostomum radiatum Oesophagostomum radiatum Ostertagia lyrata Ostertagia lyrata Ostertagia ostertagi Ostertagia ostertagi Trichostrongylus axei Trichostrongylus axei Lungworms Lungworms Dictyocaulus viviparus Dictyocaulus viviparus

Durations of of Persistent Durations Effectiveness 150 days 150 days 100 days 100 days 100 days 100 days 120 days 120 days 120 days 120 days 120 days 120 days 120 days 120 days 100 days 100 days 150 days

150 days

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Body Weight (lb) Dose Volume (mL) LONGRANGE® LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) should (eprinomectin) be given only by 110 1 by subcutaneous injection inshould frontbeofgiven theonly shoulder at the 220 2 injection in of recommended dosage level ofsubcutaneous 1 mg eprinomectin perfront kg body 330 3 the shoulder at the recommended weight (1 mL per 110 lb bodydosage weight). Each mL of LONGRANGE 440 4 level of 1 mg eprinomectin contains 50 mg of eprinomectin, sufficient to treat lb (50 550 5 per kg body weight (1 110 mL per 110kg) lb body weight. Divide doses greater than 10 mL between two 660 6 body weight). injection sites to reduce occasional or site reaction. Each mLdiscomfort of LONGRANGE contains 770 7 880 8 Do not underdose. Ensure each animal receives a complete treat 110Underdosing lb (50 kg) body weight. 990 9 dose based on a current bodytoweight. may result doses greater than 10 mL 1100 10 in ineffective treatment, andDivide encourage the development of between two injection sites to LONGRANGE is to be given or site parasite resistance. reduce occasional discomfort subcutaneously only.only. Animals LONGRANGE is to be givenreaction. subcutaneously Animals should be appropriately restrained should be appropriately restrained to achieve the proper to achieve the proper route ofroute of administration. Inject under the loose skin in front the shoulder administration. Injectofunder the (see illustration) using a 16 or 18 gauge, to ¾ofinch loose skin in½front theneedle. shoulder illustration) using adisinfectant. 16 or 18 Sanitize the injection site by(see applying a suitable gauge, ½ to ¾ inch needle. Clean, properly disinfected needles be used Sanitize should the injection sitetobyreduce the potential for injection siteapplying infections. a suitable disinfectant. Extended-Release Injectable Parasiticide Clean, properlyPeriods disinfected be used to reduce the potential 5% Sterile Solution Withdrawal and needles Residueshould Warnings for injection site infections. For the Treatment and Control of Internal and External Animals intended for human consumption must not be slaughtered within 48 days of the 50 mL bottle size: Use only polypropylene syringes. Not for use with Parasites of Cattle on Pasture with Persistent Effectivenesslast treatment. This drug product is not approved for use in female dairy cattle 20 months polycarbonate syringe material. If syringe material is not known, contact the Not for use in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including dry dry dairy cows. Useprior in these may cause drug in 3 months syringe manufacturer to usecattle for identification. Do notresidues use beyond dairy cows. Not for use in calves to be processed for veal. of age or older, including milk ofand/or these has cows. A withdrawal period has notafter been for aftertostopper been punctured. Discard bottle 15established stopper punctures. Not for use in breeding bulls, or in calves less than 3 months age. in calves born pre-ruminating Do not use in to be processed for veal. mL and 500calves mL bottle sizes: Use only automatic syringe equipment Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive rotational calves.250 provided by Merial. To obtain compatible equipment, contact Merial at 1-888grazing. Animal Safety Warnings and Precautions 637-4251 or your veterinarian. LONGRANGE should not be stored in automatic CAUTION: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a The product is likely to causesyringe tissue equipment. damage at Automatic the site ofsyringe injection, including possible granulomas and equipment should be thoroughly cleaned licensed veterinarian. necrosis. These reactions haveafter disappeared treatment. Local tissuepuncture reactionwith maydraw-off result inspike. trim loss each use.without Discard bottle after one stopper of edible tissue at slaughter. Alternatively, a 50-mL polypropylene repeater syringe compatible with DESCRIPTION may be used. To obtainarea list of compatible contact This LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) is a ready-to-use, sterile Observe injectablecattle preparation for injection siteLONGRANGE reactions. If injection site reactions suspected, consultequipment, your veterinarian. Merial at 1-888-637-4251. When using from a repeater do not use beyond containing eprinomectin, a member of the macrocyclicproduct lactone isclass notoffor intravenous or intramuscular use. Protect product light.syringe, LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin) months after stopper has been punctured. Discard bottle after 15 punctures. antiparasitics. Each mL of LONGRANGE contains 50 mg of eprinomectin in a has been developed specifically3LONGRANGE for use in cattle only. This product should not be used in other animal species. should not be stored in the repeater syringe. co-solvent system of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (30% v/v) and triacetin (qs), along When to Treatthat Cattle with Grubs No special handling or protective clothing is necessary. with 50 mg of poly-lactide-co-glycolic-acid 75:25 (PLGA), a polymer allows a slow release of eprinomectin from the formulation, thereby maintaining a LONGRANGE effectively controls all stages of cattle grubs. However, proper timing of treatment is WARNINGS ANDcattle PRECAUTIONS prolonged duration of product effectiveness. Butylatedimportant. hydroxytoluene (0.2 most mg/ effective For the results, should be treated as soon as possible after the end mL) acts as an antioxidant in the formulation. of the heel fly (warble fly) season. Withdrawal Periods and Residue Warnings The chemical name of eprinomectin is 4”-deoxy-4”-epiacetylamino-avermectin Environmental Hazards Animals intended for human consumption must not be slaughtered B1. It is a semi-synthetic member Not for use in cattle managed within in feedlots ortheunder intensive rotational grazing because the 48 days of last treatment. of the avermectin family of Thisevaluated drug product not approved for use in female dairy cattle 20 environmental impact has not been foristhese scenarios. compounds consisting of a mixture months of age or older, including dry dairyand cows. in these cattle for most of two homologous components, Other Warnings: Parasite resistance may develop to any dewormer, hasUsebeen reported may cause drug residues in milk and/or in calves born to these cows. B1a and B1b, which differ by a single classes of dewormers. A withdrawal period has not been established for pre-ruminating methylene group at C26. Treatment with a dewormer used incalves. conjunction parasite practices appropriate to the Do not usewith in calves to bemanagement processed for veal. INDICATIONS FOR USE geographic area and the animal(s) to be treated may slow the development of parasite resistance. User Safety Warnings LONGRANGE, when administered Fecal examinations or other diagnostic tests and parasite management history should be used to Not for Use in Humans. Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children. at the recommended dose volume of 1 mL per 110 lb (50 kg) body weight, is the product is appropriate forsafety the herd/flock, to contains the use of anydetailed dewormer. Following the The material data sheet prior (MSDS) more occupational effective in the treatment and control of the followingdetermine internal andifexternal use of any dewormer, effectiveness of treatment should be monitored (for example, with use of a fecal safety information. To report adverse effects, to obtain an MSDS,the or for parasites of cattle: egg count reduction test or another appropriate method). assistance, contact Merial at 1-888-637-4251. For additional information about Gastrointestinal Roundworms Lungworms adverse drug experience reporting for animal drugs, contact FDA at 1-888-FDAA decrease in a drug’s effectiveness over time as calculated by fecal egg count reduction tests may indicate Bunostomum phlebotomum – Adults and L4 Dictyocaulus viviparus – Adults or dewormer http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary. the development of resistanceVETS, to the administered. Your parasite management plan should be Cooperia oncophora – Adults and L4 adjusted accordingly based onAnimal regularSafety monitoring. Warnings and Precautions LONGRANGE (EPRINOMECTIN) IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION: Do not treat within Cooperia punctata – Adults and L4 Macrocyclic lactones provide The prolonged that may increase pressure for resistant product drug is likelyexposure to cause tissue damage at the selection site of injection, including Cooperia surnabada – Adults and L4 possible granulomasinand necrosis. These reactions have disappeared without 48 days of slaughter. Not for use in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older, including parasites. This effect may be more pronounced extended-release formulations. Haemonchus placei – Adults Grubs treatment. Local tissue reaction may result in trim loss of edible tissue at slaughter. TARGET ANIMAL SAFETY dry dairy cows, or in veal calves. Post-injection site damage (e.g., granulomas, necrosis) can radiatum – Adults Hypoderma Observe cattle for injection site reactions. If injection site reactions are bovis Oesophagostomum Clinical studies have demonstrated the wide margin of safety of This LONGRANGE® (eprinomectin). suspected, consult your veterinarian. product is not for intravenousOverdosing or Ostertagia lyrata – Adults at 3 to 5 times the recommended dose resulted in a statistically reduction(eprinomectin) in average weight occur. These reactions have disappeared without treatment. Not for use in breeding bulls, or in intramuscular use. Protect product fromsignificant light. LONGRANGE® has Ostertagia ostertagi – Adults, L4, and gain when compared to the group tested at label dose.for Treatment-related observed in not most been developed specifically use in cattle only.lesions This product should becattle inhibited L calves less than 3 months of age. Not for use in cattle managed in feedlots or under intensive 4 used in swelling, other animal species. or necrosis in the subcutaneous tissue of the administered the product included hyperemia, Trichostrongylus axei – Adults and L4 Mites skin. The administration of LONGRANGE at 3 times the recommended therapeutic dose had no adverse rotational grazing. When to Treat with Grubs Trichostrongylus colubriformis – Adults Sarcoptes scabiei var. effects bovis on beef cows reproductive at all stagesCattle of breeding or pregnancy or on their calves. LONGRANGE effectively controls all stages of cattle grubs. However, proper Persistent Activity Not for use in bulls, as reproductive safety testing has not conducted in males intended timing of treatment is important. For been the most effective results, cattle should for 1 from reinfection with Results based on actual on-farm comparative demonstration. Individual herd results mayLONGRANGE vary. has been proven to effectively protect cattle breeding or actively breeding.beNot for use in calves less than months safety treated as soon as possible after3the end ofoftheage heelbecause fly (warble fly) testing season. has the following parasites for the indicated amounts of time following treatment: Hypoderma larvae (cattle grubs) at the period when these grubs not been conducted in calvesDestruction less than 3ofmonths of age. Data on file at Boehringer Ingelheim. 2 DECTOMAX product label. are in vital areas may cause undesirable host-parasite reactions, including the Durations of STORAGE Parasites possibility of fatalities. Killing Hypoderma lineatum when it is in the tissue Persistent Store atEffectiveness 77° F (25° C) with excursions between 59° and(gullet) 86° Fmay (15°cause and 30° C). Protect fromkilling light. surrounding the esophagus salivation and bloat;

Visit theLONGRANGElook.com to learn more.

Gastrointestinal Roundworms Bunostomum phlebotomum oncophora LONGRANGE and The Cattle Head Logo are registered trademarksCooperia of Boehringer Cooperia punctata Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. ©2019 Boehringer Ingelheim AnimalHaemonchus Healthplacei USA Inc., Oesophagostomum radiatum Duluth, GA. All Rights Reserved. US-BOV-0337-2019A Ostertagia lyrata Ostertagia ostertagi Trichostrongylus axei Lungworms ®

H. bovis when it is in the vertebral canal may cause staggering or paralysis. Approved by FDA under NADA # 141-327 days Made150 in Canada. These reactions are not specific to treatment with LONGRANGE, but can occur Manufactured Health USAtreatment Inc., Duluth,ofGA 30096Cattle should be treated either before or 100 daysfor Boehringer Ingelheim withAnimal any successful grubs. ®The Cattle Head Logo and ®LONGRANGE registered of afterare these stagestrademarks of grub development. Consult your veterinarian concerning 100 days Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Healththe USAproper Inc. time for treatment. 120Boehringer days Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. All rights reserved. © 2019 120 daysRev. 01/2019, 8LON016E 1050-2889-08, US-BOV-0277-2019 Environmental Hazards 120 days 120 days 100 days

Studies indicate that when eprinomectin comes in contact with soil, it readily and tightly binds to the soil and becomes inactive over time. Free eprinomectin may adversely affect fish and certain aquatic organisms. Do not contaminate water by direct application or by improper disposal of drug containers. Dispose of containers in an approved landfill or by incineration.

CLINICAL PH Due to its un subcutaneou formed. The gel, which al rate-limiting its mechanis upon the inje ratio of the g Clinical effica pharmacokin concentratio (Lanusse et a 1996). Lifsch 0.5 and 1 ng nematocidal ng/mL. Phar plasma level

Me Follow Dose Ra (Ar

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TARGET ANIM Clinical studi (eprinomecti in a statistica to the group cattle admin subcutaneou the recomme cows at all st Not for use in males intend 3 months of than 3 mont

HOW SUPPL LONGRANGE and 500 mL b 550 lb (250 k removable p

STORAGE Store at 77° F

MESSAGE FROM THE EVP

Craving consistency and certainty in our ICA messaging As 2022 nears, we need to grow our membership and engage, so that we are on the same page for our betterment

early monthly, we write for the Line Rider to keep our membership informed, inquisitive and engaged. This starts conversation when we meet with our members and producers across the state. From time to time, we struggle with what our message should, or could, be. You have to take out your crystal ball and look 30 days into the future each time you begin to type the message for the upcoming article. Which brings me to the message for this article: certainty and consistency. These are two things that we as producers, and humans, appreciate. As you have read in my ramblings in the past, I grew up in a small town much like many of the

BY CAMERON MULRONY

ICA Executive Vice President

rural areas across Idaho. We had expectations of consistency and certainty. We knew almost any vehicle we met on the road, and the driver based on their wave. If you saw a familiar truck or car headed your direction and the appropriate wave did not ensue, you had to find out why the expected driver was not in the car that day. We had an expectation of certainty and consistency, and when our expectation was not met, we questioned why. As we approach the winter months and the 2022 legislative session, certainty and consistency are things that I don’t see. Our legislative districts will be changing for our 2022 elections. Our messages are mixed, from the national front all the way to the local coffee shop. What does this all mean? How can we provide certainty and consistency to our decision makers, as well as our membership, in our messaging?

CONTINUED, PAGE 8

Last month I wrote about learning the rules of the game. … Today, I am trying to provide a path for our industry to write the rules rather than react to them. 6 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

www.idahocattle.org

GEMS OF IDAHO SALE SNAKE RIVER VALLEY GENETICS FEMALE SALE

MAGS Firestone

October 30, 2021 @ 1pm SALE LOCATION: New Bonneville County Fair Grounds 1542 E 73rd South, Idaho Falls, ID

Sold in Last Year’s Sale - BL Girl Next Door 994G

SELLING 34 LOTS of Registered Open Heifer Calves, Registered Bred Heifers, Registered Bred Cows, Registered Lim-Flex Females

FEATURED SIRES include HF Boon Dox, Sitz Resilient, Sitz Sitz Resilient • AAA19057457

Real-time is available via the internet for this sale.

Stellar, HF Alcatraz, AHCC Hemi, TNGC Empire, Rimrock Lightning, Sitz Tucker, MAGS Cable, MAGS Firestone

SERVICE SIRES will be HF Roper, HF Boondox, Wayfair Fair and Square, Rimrock Lightning, LFL Genetic Values, Connealy Emerald, MAGS Cable, CJSL Creed, BL Hulk

All registered Females will have GENOMIC ENHANCED EPDS. PICTURES & VIDEOS will be on our website 10 days prior to the sale. Be sure to join us for our bull sale in March 2022! Presented by: Snake River Valley Genetics Srvgenetics.com

Chet Adams 208.313.5844 chetadams53@gmail.com adamsangusacres.com

Arnold & Teresa Callison 208.681.8441 rimrockangus@live.com rimrockangus.com

Wade & Vicki Beckman 208.313.0235 beckmanlivestock@gmail.com beckmanlivestock.com

FINDING SOLUTIONS FOR THE ICA, THROUGH OUR MEMBERS

RAINFALL INSURANCE

Insure your investment. Weather or not. Worried about rainfall? Pasture, Rangeland, Forage (PRF) insurance helps you manage losses due to lack of rainfall on hay and grazing ground. Identify the right timing and best coverage scenarios with a free PRF quote that includes access to decades of historic rainfall data.

Contact a Northwest FCS insurance agent to learn more. 800.743.2125 | northwestfcs.com/cropinsurance

8 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

I ask this of you as members of this association, as cattlemen and women. How do we continue the certainty and consistency we need in our industry? We need financial stability, we need consistent grass and feed sources. We need consistent and pragmatic input from our membership in order to direct policy. We need all the producers in our state to become active Idaho Cattle Association members. The questions, the discussions, the disagreements that may happen among producers and other members of our industry need to take place between us, not in the public eye. We need to find solutions and present them to our elected officials and the general public. Last month I wrote about learning the rules of the game. Again, I was hoping that our members would continue to bring meaningful solutions and answers to the table. Today, I am trying to provide a path for our industry to write the rules rather than react to them. Certainty and consistency start with us. As I have learned throughout my short time here at the ICA, the consistent message that we produce at both the state and national level adds a level of respect and understanding within our industry, as well as within the halls of the decision makers. The certainty that we can provide a voice to our industry in Idaho is the top reason you and your neighbors should be part of our state organization. Growing our association from the “nearly 1,000 members” to “over 1,000 members,” coupled with a message of certainty and consistency, is one of the paths to get there. Help us send a message that the public, and our decision makers, will know is one of certainty from the Idaho cattle industry. www.idahocattle.org

Same High Altitude Bulls New

Sale Date

rd Annual

BULL SALE

Saturday, November 13, 2021 Tetonia, Idaho Registered Angus and SimAngus Bulls Select Group of Commercial Angus Heifers

After 17 years of Dr. Tim Holt PAP testing our bulls, we are confident that any bull coming out of our program, with a PAP score of 42, or less, can be taken to any ranch with a low risk of developing High Mountain Disease.

BUY OUR BULLS WITH CONFIDENCE IN KNOWING THE RISK FOR HMD CAN BE REDUCED.

•

Strict Sire Selection Pressure on PAP, Longevity, and Maternal Strengths.

•

Focus Centered around Generational PAP Tested Cattle backed by Proven Cow Families.

•

Performance based program, measuring: birth, weaning and yearling weights, PAP scores, AngusGS DNA scores and phenotype.

•

Large Contemporary Groups - We take contemporary groups seriously, and you can be certain if a bull excels here, it’s because he earned that distinction.

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Long-Yearling Age Advantaged Bulls fed a High Roughage Diet - Developed to last.

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Fertility tested and backed by a First Season Breeding Guarantee.

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Wintering Program and Delivery Options Available.

A Proven High Altitude, Maternal Focused Angus Program Ken Dunn 208-221-3866 hkennethdunn@gmail.com - Kelby Nelson 402-382-5810 nellybuff24@gmail.com

MESSAGE FROM NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY DIRECTOR

Address the reality of wildfire, rather than fuel an agenda Focus is on climate change, but it’s obvious how better land management policy could aid Idaho and the West

ast month, President Joe Biden made an appearance in Idaho when he visited the National Interagency Fire Center on a tour of the West that included a focus on the wildfires. While his visit to our deep-red state was unexpected, his message was not. Since his inauguration day in January, Biden has made it clear that climate change would be a keystone issue of his presidency. The primary message of the president’s tour was that wildfire season now lasts all year long due to the impacts of climate change, which have made the West warmer and drier. At his stop in Boise, Biden said, “We can’t continue to try to ignore reality. The reality is we have a global warming problem.” Though I take strong exception to the intent

The Biden administration and policymakers across the country should seek to update outdated preservationist land management strategies. 10 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

BY KAREN WILLIAMS ICA Natural Resources Policy Director

behind the message, it’s not a bad strategy. The fires and smoke that have so pervasively affected the entire West are a big impact issue. Everyone knows about them; everyone worries about the impact to their own health, and to the land and to wildlife. If he can successfully turn that emotion into sympathy for his big cause, President Biden can gain a lot of momentum in achieving the sweeping legislative and regulatory change his administration desires, all in the name of saving the climate. Wildfire prevalence and intensity certainly are alarming. In the past decade, more than 68 million acres of land in the United States have burned, the vast majority occurring in the West. To put that in perspective, that’s roughly the size of the entire states of Idaho, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Jersey combined going up in smoke. In 2020 alone, more than 10 million acres burned, and this year’s acreage is approaching 6 million. The statistic that I find most compelling, though, is that while the amount of land consumed by fire has dramatically increased, the total number of fires has decreased slightly.

WHERE WE HAVE LOST THE WILDFIRE BATTLE IS CONTROLLING THEM

According to a recent report by the Congressional Research Service, since 2000, an annual average of 70,600 wildfires have burned an average CONTINUED, PAGE 12 www.idahocattle.org

• PASTURE, RANGELAND & FORAGE • LIVESTOCK REVENUE PROTECTION • MULTI-PERIL CROP INSURANCE • PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE

JC Percy 208.681.1044 Michel Bourgeau 208.880.2112 Lucas Ericksen 208.681.3143 Cory Kinghorn 208.681.6239

OUR FAMILY INSURING YOURS When it counts, Call Conquest! 208.785.0760 We are a full-service family run agency that can help with all your farm and ranch insurance needs. PO Box 69 • 780 Jensen Grove Drive • Blackoot, Idaho 83221 www.conquestinsurance.com

of 7 million acres. This figure is more than double the average annual acreage burned in the 1990s (3.3 million acres), but a greater number of fires occurred annually in the 1990s (78,600 average). What these statistics tell me is that we have lost the ability to control the fires. The quantity of wildfires has not increased, while the acreage burned

has doubled. While the president is accurate in pointing out the increased proliferation of wildfires, he has erred in focusing exclusively on climate change as the cause. But Biden was right about one thing: We can’t continue to ignore reality. And the reality is that the inability to control fires has far more to do with past land management decisions than

WE WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE YOU TO YOUR NEW SWS REPRESENTATIVE, CHAD DEWITT. You may already know Chad if you have shopped in our Caldwell store or purchased seed from us in years past. Chad joined the SWS family in 2012 as the manager of our seed department. After a couple years there, he took on the role of Retail Manager of the Caldwell store. Chad will now be working with the Beef Team in outside sales covering the Central Territory. Before coming to SWS, Chad worked with Lallemand Animal Nutritionas the PNW Territory Manager. In his free time, he enjoys spending time with family out on the trails and working with cattle.

ONE STOP SHOP

IF YOU HAVEN’T PERSONALLY MET CHAD YET, HE WILL BE COMING YOUR WAY! IN THE MEANTIME, IF YOU NEED ANYTHING, HERE IS HIS CONTACT INFORMATION: (E) CHAD.DEWITT@SIMPLOT.COM (P) 208.891.0324

12 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

it does the elusive, undefined and invogue term of climate change. Perhaps there could be some merit to the argument that the climate has changed, but the president and policymakers of his ilk are blatantly ignoring some of the most obvious causes for the proliferation of wildfires. While the goalposts keep moving on the climate change issue and the science remains contradictory, we know with absolute truth that there is an overabundance of fuels on our federal lands. And federal lands are where the problem largely exists. In 2020, 70% of the acreage burned by wildfires was on federal lands (7.1 million acres). Blazes on these lands (44,568) accounted for 76% of total fires. Of the federal acreage burned nationwide in 2020, 68% (4.8 million acres) burned on Forest Service land and 32% (2.3 million acres) burned on Department of Interior land. In the face of this, the Forest Service conducted only 2% of the recommended fuel reduction treatments per year — primarily because of bureaucratic red tape and activist litigation.

FORESTS NEED TO BE ACTIVELY MANAGED TO LESSEN FUEL BUILDUP

We ask ourselves repeatedly, why can we not take action on the problems that are so obvious? Extensive research is not needed to know that there is tremendous fuel buildup in our forests and on our rangelands. Take just about any forest in Idaho and you will see acres of dead and diseased trees, largely caused by bark beetle infestation. Why are we letting this natural resource die? Why not actively manage the forests and enable logging to return? Government officials will tell you it is because the timber industry infrastructure has vanished and there is no one to do the job. That is unfortunately true to a large extent, but what made that happen? www.idahocattle.org

Preservationist policies and “environmental” activism decimated the logging industry that is so vital to sustainable management of our forests. And more to the point for our industry, why not use the most efficient and cost-effective fuel reduction tool already in place on rangelands, which is livestock grazing? Grazing removes the overgrowth of forage, which is the primary fuel for many wildfires. If left ungrazed, vegetation on rangelands grows much thicker and taller than usual. Grazing is an effective and sustainable tool in managing fine fuel loads. Idaho experienced a glaring example of the threat posed by the ideology of non-use of lands. In July, the Snake River Complex fires burned over 100,000 acres through the Craig Mountain Wildlife Management Area (WMA) managed by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. The fire’s border nearly aligns with the WMA border, and what is worse, this is not the first time the area has burned in recent years. In spite of the pervasive wildfire threat, management of the land had remained unchanged leading up to the fire, and fuels had been allowed to accumulate. For the most part, logging and grazing are excluded from the WMA, so fuel buildup is a big problem. In fact, these uses are treated as threats in the WMA management plan, which carries a decidedly anti-grazing and anti-logging tone throughout.

IS THIS ALL ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES AND NOT WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT?

What is it going to take for anti-grazing/anti-logging advocates and decision-makers to wake up and realize the dangers of their philosophies? The facts of the situation surrounding this fire could not make a more compelling case www.idahocattle.org

Take just about any forest in Idaho and you will see acres of dead and diseased trees, largely caused by bark beetle infestation. … Why not actively manage the forests and enable logging to return?

PHOTO BY JAY SMITH

for improved management of the land. Certainly not all fire is bad. Fire is an important land management tool. It can be good for the land as it cleans out forest and weed debris, fosters new growth and nourishes the soil. It becomes a concern, however, when it becomes uncontrollable, which is what so many of the fires of today have become. Let’s quit ignoring the reality. Rather than merely paying lip service to the issue and using it as the scapegoat for implementing even more restrictive land management policies, the Biden administration and policymakers across the country should seek to

update outdated preservationist land management strategies. In the words of Will Rogers, “Common sense ain’t so common.” It is hard to understand why something so obvious to the naked eye and to anyone with even a small dose of common sense is so impossible to get into the heads of policymakers. Or perhaps the answer is obvious. It could be that this is less about preventing wildfire and more about promoting an agenda. For our part, we will continue to bang the drum loudly proclaiming the need for regulatory reform and the benefits of livestock grazing in managing fuel loads. IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 13

IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION LEADERSHIP

Nominate producers to fill seats on the ICA Board of Directors Letters of interest in open positions are due by Oct. 15

president-elect, vice president, past president and treasurer. In addition to those officers, the executive committee comprises four council chairs: Cow-Calf, Purebred, Feeder and Cattlewomen. The nine-member executive committee is accompanied by 14 additional board members, with two delegates from each of the five ICA districts, two at-large positions, an Allied Industry representative and a CattleWomen Council representative. Input and support from the ICA board are a vital part of the continued success of the Idaho Cattle Association.

ICA STAFF The Idaho Cattle Association Board of Directors is made up of 23 members who meet to help direct the organization through the process of promoting, protecting and preserving the cattle industry in Idaho, and this year there are nine openings to fill. ICA board members include the officer team, made up of the president,

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Idaho Cattle Association bylaws state that the group’s nominating committee be made up of the four past presidents, the retiring president and five district vice-presidents. The immediate past president will serve as the chairperson of this committee. The current retiring president votes only to break a tie in the process. You may be able, or know of someone who is able, to join the leadership of ICA. You may also not know the process for nominating a producer to serve on the ICA board. The ICA nominating committee will consider all names submitted to fill vacated officers and board seats. Please call or submit your letter of interest to any committee member prior to Oct. 15. Turn in a brief cover letter stating the background of the potential candidate, their leadership experience and their interest to serve. This can be given directly to a member of the committee, mailed to the chair or mailed to the office to be forwarded on to the committee. Council chairs will be selected by the respective councils when the seat becomes vacant. Each council should submit two names in ranking order for consideration. Nominations are brought forth in either a council meeting or submitted in a written format to the proper council chair. The council chairs then submit nominations to the committee for review and consideration. It is important to note that our bylaws allow for nominations to be taken

1.855.4CowBos | www.CowBos.com 14 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

www.idahocattle.org

from the floor at any annual business meeting, and are in addition to the recommendations put forth by the nominating committee. Nominations from the floor are considered official nominations of the ICA.

H el p ing r anc hers a c hiev e t heir g o al s s inc e 1995 . . .

THE 2021 NOMINATING COMMITTEE

• Chair: Dawn Anderson • Past Presidents: Jerald Raymond, Marty Gill and Tucker Shaw • Current Retiring President: Jay Smith • District I VP: Quin Wemhoff • District II VP: Jerry Wroten • District III VP: John Peters • District IV VP: Norm Wallis • District V VP: Val Carter

G AT E W A Y Re a l t y Ad v i s o r s

208.47 7. 91 61

www .g a t e w a y r a . c o m

lon@gatewayra.com

BOARD POSITIONS THAT HAVE EXPIRING TERMS IN 2021 • • • • • • •

President-Elect Vice President Purebred Council Chairman Cow/Calf Council Chairman District II Representative District IV Representative Cattlewomen Council Chair and Representative • Director At Large • Allied Industry Representative

MAIL FOR NOMINATIONS

Specializing in Truck and Livestock Scales Established in 1959, Scales NW offers a wide range of equipment, from precision lab balances to high capacity rail scales, as well as certified scale service and installation.

Idaho Cattle Association Attn: Nom Committee P.O. Box 15397 Boise, Idaho 83715 Or call/email: 208-343-1615 cameron@idahocattle.org

Scales NW is proud to serve: California Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Utah Washington

Contact Steve Orr for more information today! Email: steveorr@scalesnw.com Phone: (503) 510-3540

www.scalesnw.com • (800) 451-0187 IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 15

www.idahocattle.org AD_POWELL_LivestockTruckScale_4.5x5.indd 1

12/20/2017 4:34:34 PM

FOOD PRODUCERS OF IDAHO

Farm families honored at Twin Falls County Fair By Food Producers of Idaho Six south-central Idaho farming families were recognized recently at the Twin Falls County Fair by Food Producers of Idaho for their excellence and contributions in a number of areas. The fair took place Sept. 1-6, concluding on Labor Day, and this program started in 2015 by FPI has now honored 38 farming and ranching families. Selection as a Featured Farm Family is based on a number of criteria: farm stewardship of natural resources; economic impact on the local community; innovative farming

50 Years. Celebrating the past. Innovating for the future.

Please contact your local Territory Manager: Tom Olsen – 208.890.3365 tolsen@microtechnologies.com

16 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

• Erik and Kathy Peterson, of Filer • Barry and Annette Duelke, of Buhl

techniques; involvement in their local community; and examples of why the family deserves recognition. The six farms receiving the nod this year, according to Food Producers of Idaho Executive Director Rick Waitley, were: • Wade and Gwenna Prescott, of Carey • Pine View Farms, LLC – Scott, Jeremy, Eric, Cameron & Kaleb Searle, of Burley • E and M Farms – Marvin & Marcia Norris/Dan & Bonnie Norris, of Hansen • Crescent F Farms – Gary & Becky Reynolds, of Castleford

Each family received passes to attend the fair and got an engraved plaque from John Pitz, fair manager. “Recognition is not something farmers and ranchers seek. They just go about their day, year after year, growing crops, caring for livestock and safeguarding the environment,” Waitley said. “But others recognize their investment, their management and their involvement in the community, and it is always an honor to pay tribute to the great farmers in Idaho.” Food Producers of Idaho represents more than 40 agriculture and commodity organizations in Idaho and the Pacific Northwest.

Have you thought about advertising for your Spring Production Sale?

Get a jump on other sales by starting your ads just 1 month earlier to increase exposure and attendance! Deadline for December publication is Nov 10th.

Contact Morgan at (208) 343-1615 for more information.

www.idahocattle.org

eiganhtnuh al

164 Head Sell As 106 Lots

Shaw Female Sale

October 28, 2021

Young Spring Pair Splits, Proven Donors, Donor Flushes, Spring Bred Heifers, Fall Pairs & Open ET Heifer Calves. Noon, MDT | Caldwell, Idaho More than 115 head of registered Herefords selling as 73 lots, including 35 pair splits. 47 head of registered Angus sell as 32 lots. HEREFORD | ANGUS | RED ANGUS

Lot 1

/S Lady Endure 0021H ET NJW 79Z Z311 Endure 173D x /S Lady On Target 5002C ced: 4.2 | bw: 3.9 | ww: 69 | yw: 111 | milk: 32 m&g: 66 | uddr: 1.3 | teat: 1.1 | sc: 1.7 | cw: 82 re: 0.60 | marb: 0.16 | $bmi: 450 | $bii: 542 | $chb: 133 Bred AI to UPS Domino 3027 on 4/2/21. Checked Safe.

Lot 75

Shaw Lady Achievement 0002 Poss Achievement x EXAR Henrietta Pride 7147 ced: 0 | bw: 3.8 | ww: 87 | yw: 154 | milk: 20 sc: 0.22 | cw: 72 | marb: 0.93 | rea: 0.87 | $m: 63 $w: 75 | $f: 123 | $g: 67 | $b: 190 | $c: 309 Bred AI to Ruggles Charisma 0643 on 4/2/21. Checked Safe.

Call to request a catalog or view online at www.mcsauction.com or www.shawcattle.com

Lot 22

Lot 12

/S Lady Valient 1017J ET BR SRR C&L Loewen Valiant x /S Lady Advance 7544E ced: 4.4 | bw: 3.6 | ww: 65 | yw: 108 | milk: 25 m&g: 57 | uddr: 1.4 | teat: 1.4 | sc: 1.3 | cw: 68 re: 0.65 | marb: 0.30 | $bmi: 492 | $bii: 589 | $chb: 140 Sells Open.

/S Lady Boomtown 8019F ET /S JBB/AL Boom Town 44608 x Loewen Miss On Target 10Y 1A ced: 6.6 | bw: 1.7 | ww: 59 | yw: 87 | milk: 34 m&g: 63 | uddr: 1.3 | teat: 1.2 | sc: 1.6 | cw: 60 re: 0.11 | marb: 0.37 | $bmi: 364 | $bii: 461 | $chb: 111 Sells Open.

Lot 92A

Shaw Lady Tahoe 13 Tehama Tahoe B767 x Shaw Lady Acheivement 903 ced: 3 | bw: 1.3 | ww: 86 | yw: 147 | milk: 27 sc: 1.56 | cw: 61 | marb: 1.04 | rea: 0.71 | $m: 91 $w: 95 | $f: 98 | $g: 70 | $b: 167 | $c: 308 Sells Open.

Lot 100

Shaw Lady Chaps 850 Ellingson Chaps 4095 x Shaw Lady Total S1219 ced: 2 | bw: 2.2 | ww: 74 | yw: 134 | milk: 21 sc: 1.38 | cw: 53 | marb: 0.37 | rea: 0.97 | $m: 59 $w: 67 | $f: 95 | $g: 44 | $b: 139 | $c: 239 Bred AI to Baldridge Alternative E125 on 4/9/21. Checked safe with a sexed bull calf.

LiVe Auctions. T V

Several major airlines service the Boise Municipal Airport just 30 minutes east of the sale facility. You are invited to view the cattle any time prior to sale day.

Matt Sims (405) 641-6081 matt@mcsauction.com www.mcsauction.com

IDAHO CATTLE FOUNDATION

Statewide funding available for livestock education programs ICA STAFF The Idaho Cattle Foundation (ICF) is requesting funding applications for public and/or higher education programs that advance the state’s livestock industry. Applications should be submitted by 5 p.m. Nov. 1, 2021. Through the application process available at IdahoCattleFoundation.org, the ICF will recommend funding to the Idaho State Board of Education for livestock education programs. Funding is available from the proceeds of the Unclaimed Livestock Account for programs that advance Idaho’s livestock-based indus-

Special Feeder Cattle Sales

Saturdays 11:00 AM Jerome, Idaho October 16, 2021

November 13, 2021

December 18, 2021

January 29, 2022

February 26, 2022

March 26, 2022

Dan Schiffler 208-539-4933 Steven Taylor 208-358-2930 Todd Rice 208-308-2505

18 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

tries through public or higher education. The ICF has recommended Unclaimed Livestock Funds transferred into the Idaho State Board of Education’s miscellaneous revenue fund be granted to educational programs advancing the livestock industry. Past funds have helped agricultural education and research projects under the care of the University of Idaho as well as Mackay High School’s Agricultural Education Department and others. ICF is a charitable organization established by the Idaho Cattle Association to provide an Idaho beef industry presence in education and science, priding itself in being the state’s official organization tasked with recommending unclaimed livestock proceeds. Applications for these educational funds are available at IdahoCattleFoundation.org. Please use the “application” link. Applications will be accepted until 5 p.m. Nov. 1. For more information, visit the ICF website or call 208-343-1615.

WHAT IS THE IDAHO CATTLE FOUNDATION?

The Idaho Cattle Foundation, Inc. is qualified as an IRS 501(c)(3) tax exempt organization, thereby enabling qualified donors to receive tax benefits for their contributions. The Foundation is organized exclusively for charitable, scientific, literary, or educational purposes within the meaning of 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, including but not limited to funding and performing research activities which will improve practices in the beef industry in Idaho; educating Idaho cattle producers about sound environmental stewardship practices; educating the public at large about the beef industry’s stewardship of the environment, the beef industry’s important role in providing a healthy food source to the citizens of our nation and other nations and about the beef industry’s important impact on the Idaho economy. www.idahocattle.org

60 FALL YEARLING BULLS // 20 SPRING YEARLING BULLS // 50+ BRED COMMERCIAL HEIFERS

Stokrose sires are once again for hire at our annual production sale in Moses Lake, Wash.

Our focus is data driven breeding, backed by real world performance and solid customer service. This year’s crop of bulls is super consistent, and our popular winter feeding option is back at the same rate we oﬀered last year.

Check out the catalog and contact us for more details!

LOT 2

Enhance 534H STOKROSE

+2.9

+72

+144

LOT 3

Profile 754H STOKROSE

+74

+64

+2.1

MARB +.52

+137

+88

+303

+157

CW RE

+.98

AAA #20043495

= TOP 5%

LOT 7

Power Play 551H STOKROSE

+85

+107

+1.8

MARB +.58

+135

+81

+335

+143

CW RE

+1.39

AAA #20042552

+73

+92

MARB +.29

+126

+282

+.94

AAA #20044066

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ANNUAL CONVENTION & Trade Show NOVEMBER 15-17, 2021

The ICA Annual Convention held in Sun Valley is an event focused on dialogue with members surrounding issues facing the cattle industry, as well as informative & entertaining presentations with some of the industry’s most renowned experts. We will showcase vendors and speakers that provide value to you and your operation — to ensure that you leave our convention with a strong network of friends and an arsenal of beneficial knowledge.

ACTIVITIES & SPEAKERS TO LOOK FORWARD TO

The ICA takes pride in introducing our members to speakers and activities that will benefit you, whether you are a cowcalf producer, feeder, or allied industry representative. This year will feature Cattlemen’s College sponsored by Zoetis, and the Idaho Beef Council Luncheon, in addition to several breakout sessions with topics ranging from animal health issues, state politics, public lands, and sustainability. Additionally, Dr. John Church of Thompson Rivers University in British Columbia will be presenting on precision ranching through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to remotely monitor both cattle and pastures. You will have the opportunity to attend the famous President’s Banquet, where you will enjoy expertly prepared prime rib alongside great company.

TRADE SHOW STROLLING SUPPER & AUCTION

Multiple carving stations will provide options for every palate while you visit more than 60 exhibitors to discover the latest and greatest products available to ranchers on the market. This uniquely styled meal will allow for a flavor-filled excursion as you network and prepare to raise your paddle during the Idaho Cattle Political Action Committee fundraising auction.

KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Shawn Williams, self-appointed cowboy poet & fashion reporter, puts his spin on old-school cowboy skills while staying stylish in the process. His keynote address is sure to leave you in stitches during this event to remember.

www.idahocattle.org

IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 21

ANNUAL CONVENTION & Trade Show NOVEMBER 15-17, 2021 SUN VALLEY, IDAHO

CONVENTION AGENDA MONDAY, NOVEMBER 15 10 a.m. Registration & Trade Show open Visit our allied partners, and look at opportunities to fit your operation.

1 p.m. General Session: Shawn Williams, Pearl Snap Fever

10:30 a.m. Resolutions & Policy Session Join us as membership discusses the policy that will guide our organization.

12 p.m. Beef Checkoff Luncheon Learn how the Idaho Beef Council continues to leverage your dollars to increase demand.

As a highly trained cowboy fashion reporter, Shawn offers sound, professional, somewhat opinionated western fashion advice that is centralized around the most iconic western garment ever sewn.

1:30 p.m. Breakout Sessions

2:15 p.m. General Session: Beef Industry & Sustainability

Animal Health: Animal diseases and traceability of livestock are continued topics we deal with in our industry. Listen for updates and discussion on programs across the state.

America the Beautiful (30X30) and sustainability have been placed at the top of this administration’s climate goals. What does that mean for our industry?

3:30 p.m. Council Sessions Cow/Calf, Purebred, Feeder, Cattlewomen

4 p.m. CattleWomen’s Social 4:30 p.m. Cattlemen’s College 6:30 p.m. Strolling Supper & PAC Auction

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 16 7 a.m. Registration opens 7 a.m.-4 p.m. Trade Show open 7:30 a.m. Breakfast Featuring an update from the NCBA regarding current events and issues on the national level.

9 a.m. General Session: Idaho Politics Idaho redistricting is taking place. Listen to some of our leadership discuss the upcoming session and how changes to the 2022 elections may unfold.

22 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

Public Lands: Public lands make up more than 60% of Idaho and have a direct impact on many operations. What is the latest on that front as changes unfold?

2:30 p.m. Breakout Sessions Marketing and Policy: An update on the current market and how some of the new and proposed policies may affect our markets. Recreation Growth: Recreation has increased across Idaho. How can we work to find solutions for some of the issues that affect our industry?

3:45 p.m. Annual Membership Meeting Make your voices heard at our annual membership meeting as we elect officers and approve policy.

5:30 p.m. President’s Reception 6:30 p.m. President’s Banquet Join us for dinner to celebrate our outgoing president, Jay Smith, while extending a warm welcome to our 2022 incoming president, Mark Pratt.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 17 8:30 a.m. General Session: Small Unmanned Aircrafts Drone technology is continuing to make its way into our industry. Learn how you may be able to utilize this technology in your operations. www.idahocattle.org

ANNUAL CONVENTION & Trade Show NOVEMBER 15-17, 2021

ATTENDEE REGISTRATION FORM

SUN VALLEY, IDAHO

Early registration deadline is Friday, Oct. 29, 2021

Attendee One: Attendee Two: Company: Address: City:

State:

Email:

Phone:

Zip:

PACKAGE CHOICES EVENT

PRICE

ATTENDEES

TOTAL

Meetings Only

$70

(x)

_________

$_________

Monday Dinner

$55

(x)

_________

$_________

Tuesday Breakfast

$40

(x)

_________

$_________

Beef Checkoff Lunch

$45

(x)

_________

$_________

Presidents Banquet

$65

(x)

_________

$_________

PAYMENT INFORMATION

■ Sign me

up for the CattleWomen’s Social!

Complete Package $

250

No. of attendees ________________ Total $___________________________

NAME TAG INFORMATION

■ CARD ■ CASH ■ CHECK

Please list attendees and how they want their name tag to appear:

Credit Card Number:

Attendee:

Exp. Date:

City:

Name on Card: City: Zip: Phone:

State: Email: Total Amount:

Please return your payment and registration form to the ICA office by Friday, Oct. 29. Forms can be emailed to michelle@ idahocattle.org or mailed to Idaho Cattle Association, P.O. Box 15397, Boise, Idaho 83715. Meal availability cannot be guaranteed after the registration deadline. Registration prices will increase on site. In the event of a cancellation, ICA will refund the full registration amount up to Oct. 29.

Attendee: City:

DON'T FORGET! Registration available online

Save a stamp and sign up at IdahoCattle.org/events-meetings.

Reserve your room today

Call the Sun Valley Resort at (800) 786-8259 to make room reservations. Be sure to mention the Idaho Cattle Association block of rooms.

Registration questions? Call the Idaho Cattle Association office at (208) 343-1615.

IDAHO BEEF COUNCIL

With Beef Quality Assurance stamp, producers can answer

Idaho consumers’ questions Idahoans’ perceptions of beef and the way it is produced are more positive than Americans’ perceptions as a whole.

BQA certification is a valuable way to demonstrate that Idaho producers care about raising beef responsibly. BY DONNA KOVALESKI

Less than a third of Idahoans, and Americans as a whole, claim to be knowledgeable about the beef industry. 24 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

Idaho Beef Council If you’ve worked in the beef industry for a while, you’ve most likely heard about the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association’s Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) program. If BQA is new to you, this nationally coordinated, state-implemented program delivers science-based education to enhance carcass quality and safety — while also improving animal care. It also has grown to include best practices around stockmanship, good record keeping and herd health, all of which can result in increased profit for your operation. Given all the things you have on your to-do list, you may be on the fence about whether BQA certification makes sense for you. But as Idaho’s beef industry and consumer landscape continue to evolve, there are more reasons than ever to consider obtaining this certification. Starting with the broader industry perspective and funneling down to things that affect you, the producer, let’s explore a few variables that might help get you off the fence and on the road to the certification that best supports your work in Idaho’s beef industry. To start with, consider the broad view of the www.idahocattle.org

beef industry’s strategic direction. At the highest level, the National LongRange Plan serves as a road map and articulates the most essential objectives needed to drive success for the U.S. beef industry. Developed by the Cattlemen’s Beef Board and the NCBA, the plan helps to articulate the top priorities for the industry’s success and to ensure a unified marketing effort across the U.S. beef community. (You can review the plan at BeefLongRangePlan.com.) The Idaho Beef Council Board of Directors considered the objectives that fall within the scope of the Beef Checkoff, and with significant Idaho beef industry input, developed the 2021-2025 IBC Strategic Plan. This has objectives for Idaho that ladder up to the national plan and set the course for the work that advances Idaho’s beef industry. CONTINUED, PAGE 26

PROVIDED BY THE IDAHO BEEF COUNCIL

Brackett Ranches was featured in a February 2021 Chef’s Roll video to educate consumers about the beef production process, and highlight the care and quality that goes into taking beef from pasture to plate. From left are Kim Brackett, Shawn Smith (executive chef at Coyne’s in Eagle, Idaho) and Ira Brackett.

The Sky is the Limit

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IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 25

PROVIDED BY THE IDAHO BEEF COUNCIL

This aerial photo of Brackett Ranches in Owyhee County shows how Idaho cattle are given room to roam. The Brackett family has land along the Idaho-Oregon state line. Idaho Beef Council’s Strategies: 1. Grow consumer trust in Idaho beef production 2. Promote and drive demand for Idaho beef 3. Drive growth in beef exports from the Northwest to benefit the state To advance these objectives, demonstrating to consumers the care and vigilance that go into raising beef cattle the right way is a top priority. To better understand why, let’s take a closer look at Idaho’s consumer landscape. Consumer data collected in May through the NCBA quarterly dashboard survey reveal that most Idahoans share a positive view of beef and enjoy eating it on a regular basis. However, there is work to do to increase consumers’ knowledge and confidence in the production process. Idahoans eat more beef than national peers (73% vs 71%) and they have more positive perceptions of beef than consumers outside the state (73% in Idaho vs 64% nationally). 26 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

Idahoans’ beef industry knowledge and trust are areas of opportunity, though, with only 32% claiming to be knowledgeable about beef production and 41% of respondents claiming confidence that cattle are raised humanely.

BQA CERTIFICATION OFFERS COMPETITIVE EDGE

Overall, this is good news for the industry, but it’s important to recognize that Idaho’s population is growing rapidly and bringing different perspectives to the consumer landscape, with many coming from metro areas that have lower favorability ratings, when measured through the NCBA Consumer Dashboard studies. Census data shows that of the new arrivals, 26.3% are Californians relocating to Idaho. Additional top regions of migration are Seattle and Portland. What makes these new consumers unique is that they likely are less knowledgeable about beef production and local beef offerings, and are more

concerned about sustainability issues. Given the gap in consumer knowledge and the shift in Idaho’s consumer dynamic, BQA certification is a valuable way to demonstrate that Idaho producers care as much as they do about raising beef responsibly. BQA certification also can boost your bottom line. A 2019 study conducted by Colorado State University showed a significant premium for calves and feeder cattle sold through video auction markets. It looked at the effect of mentioning BQA in lot descriptions, and reviewed data from 8, 815 video lot records of steers and heifers sold in nine states in the West from 2010 to 2017. Results revealed a premium of $16.80/head for cattle that had BQA listed in the lot description. BQA certification speaks volumes to consumers and cattle buyers alike, and can give your operation a competitive edge while demonstrating the commitment to the fundamental principles of quality beef production. www.idahocattle.org

Most Idahoans share a positive view of beef and enjoy eating it on a regular basis. However, there is work to do to increase consumers’ knowledge and confidence in the production process. Fitting BQA into a busy schedule and finding the certification that suits your needs is easy. You can complete your certification by visiting IdahoBeefQuality.com. The programs are available at your demand, meaning you can start and stop

as you please. The estimated time to complete the training is 2.5 hours. Select the program most appropriate for your cattle operation: Cow-Calf, Stocker/Backgrounder or Feedyard. You can also complete a BQA Transportation Certification, valuable for

ranchers or professional transporters. For years, BQA certification has helped producers market their cattle, demonstrate commitment to food safety and quality, and emphasize the importance of responsible cattle management, care and animal handling. However, while producers have traditionally participated in BQA because it’s the right thing to do, targeted industry strategy, paired with market research, supports the notion that financial and consumer perception benefits can be added to the list of reasons BQA certification makes sense for producers and for the industry. The IBC is focused on telling Idaho consumers about the many ways that beef is Raised Right, Here. You can help tell this important story by becoming one of Idaho’s BQA-certified producers. For more information on the Colorado State study or certification, visit IdahoBeefQuality.com.

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BQA-CERTIFIED PRODUCERS EARN MORE PER HEAD SOLD BQA Study: Effect of Mentioning BQA in Lot Descriptions of Beef Calves and Feeder Cattle Sold Through Video-based Auctions on Sale Price

BQA ADDS VALUE TO CATTLE

There’s a great advantage in communicating and sharing BQA certification status to potential buyers. Results of the BQA study suggest video auction customers are willing to pay a premium for cattle coming out of BQA certified operations. In fact, the premium for cattle with a BQA mention existed even with other value-added programs included in the lot description (such as age/source verification, lot characteristics, verified natural certification, etc.). Study results indicate that BQA certification is truly valued as buyers look for cattle raised by producers who are well educated in BQA best management practices. The study also emphasizes the benefits of tracking BQA certification in lot descriptions so that studies can be continuously conducted to show the monetary premium of cattle in the marketplace. By obtaining BQA certification, producers can benefit from the economic value of committing to the fundamental principles of quality beef production. For more information on the study or to complete online BQA certification, visit www.IdahoBeefQuality.com.

STUDY SHOWS PREMIUM IN CATTLE FROM BQA CERTIFIED PRODUCERS

BQA – MORE THAN THE RIGHT THING TO DO For years, BQA certification has helped beef producers market their cattle, demonstrate commitment to food safety and quality and emphasize the importance of responsible cattle management, care and animal handling. However, while producers have traditionally participated in Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) because it’s the right thing to do, there is sound research indicating BQA certified producers can benefit financially as well. A 2019 study conducted by Colorado State University (CSU) on the Beef Checkoff-funded BQA program showed a significant premium for calves and feeder cattle sold through video auction markets. This is good news and further encouragement for beef producers to become BQA certified. The study was unique in its approach, utilizing advanced data analysis methods to discover the true monetary benefits of participating in BQA certification.

THE EFFECT OF MENTIONING BQA IN LOT DESCRIPTIONS The research study, titled, “Effect of Mentioning BQA in Lot Descriptions of Beef Calves and Feeder Cattle Sold Through Video-based Auctions on Sale Price”, was led jointly by CSU’s Departments of Animal Sciences and Agricultural and Resource Economics. The goal of the study was to determine if sale prices of beef calves and feeder cattle marketed through video auction companies was influenced by the mention of BQA in the lot description. Partnering with Western Video Market, CSU reviewed data from 8,815 video lot records of steers (steers, steer calves and weaned steers) and heifers (heifers, heifer calves and weaned heifers) sold in nine western states from 2010 to 2017.

Effect of BQA mention on WVM sale price, holding other factors constant FACTOR

NUMBER OF LOTS

MEAN OF SALE PRICE ($/CWT)

BQA COEFFICIENT

P-VALUE OF FACTOR

0.0040

BQA mention1,2,3 Yes

341

164.10

$2.71 ± 0.93 / cwt

8,474

161.39

≈ $16.80 ± 5.77 / head

Other factors that also significantly affected the sale price of beef calves in this model were: Auction year, delivery month, sex, weight variation, lot size, base weight, and participation in other value-added programs

Factor that did not have a significant effect on sale price: frame score, weight variation

Limitations: Not all potential confounding factors included. Variables not available or not incorporated include additional lot, cattle, and market

factors (e.g., breed / color descriptions, horns, sale date, corn/cattle futures, fuel price)

Results of the study revealed a premium of $16.80/head for cattle that had BQA listed in the lot description compared to no mention and holding other factors constant. This value was determined by applying the $2.71/cwt premium found in CSU’s statistical analysis to the average weight of cattle in the study data. When the BQA premium was constant on a per head basis, it implied higher weight-based premiums for lighter cattle (for example $3.73/cwt at 450 lbs./head) and lower premiums for heavier cattle ($2.24/cwt at 750 lbs./head).

Top 10 states for BQA mentions, WVM or SLA RANK

STATE

PERCENT OF LOTS WITH BQA MENTION

Montana

15.9

Wyoming

11.5

Nevada

8.7

Nebraska

8.2

New Mexico

7.0

North Dakota

5.4

Idaho

5.3

Arizona

5.1

Oregon

4.4

Texas

3.6

Additional study findings showed that over the past 10 years, consistent frequency of BQA mentions were included in the lot descriptions of cattle selling via video auctions. In some states, like Montana, the frequency of mentions have been fairly sizable and upwards of 10 percent or more of all calve/yearling lots offered for sale. Even without documentation of a premium in the past, the results imply that over time many producers have proactively chosen to highlight and emphasize their participation in BQA when marketing their cattle.

BQA comparison • Dataset included information on other value-added programs • Production/health management, export verification, consumer-driven attributes • Only analyzed premiums so far, not costs • Values not “additive” AVERAGE PREMIUMS BY VALUE-ADDED CATEGORY ($/CWT)

$2.86

$2.71

$1.61

$0.84 Shots

BQA

Export

Consumer

Finally, the Western Video Market dataset from the study included information on other value-added components (including production/health management practices, export verification programs, consumer-driven verified and third-party labeling programs and others). Results indicate BQA is comparable to the average premium per cwt received for these other factors when compared to lots without any of these attributes. Lots incorporating more than one of these value-added components had a higher overall premium, as did lots that included multiple programs or practices within a single category; however, the premiums shown were not additive.

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UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO

How to implement, and benefit from,

outcome-based management Flexible grazing as well as ecological and economical integrity of the land can be achieved by following certain steps

32 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

BY JIM SPRINKLE

Extension Beef Specialist (University of Idaho Nancy M. Cummings Research Extension and Education Center in Carmen)

BY APRIL HULET

Associate Professor (Plant and Wildlife Sciences at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah)

BY KAREN LAUNCHBAUGH

Director (University of Idaho Rangeland Center in Moscow)

www.idahocattle.org

WHAT IS OUTCOME-BASED MANAGEMENT?

HISTORY OF OBM

OBM allows for flexible grazing to accommodate an ever-changing landscape while maintaining or improving ecological, economical and social integrity of the land. Hence, the aim of OBM is to maintain viable and working landscapes that enrich lives, communities and wildlife populations without being overly prescriptive. Perhaps it is a good idea to compare what OBM is to what it is not.

CHARACTERISTICS OF OUTCOME-BASED MANAGEMENT What it is

What it is not

Nimble, flexible

Rigid, prescriptive

Embraces the scientific method

Embraces regulation

Focuses on the end result

Fixates on following a written plan

Flexibility and change are built into NEPA

Each new change requires a new NEPA

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Outcome-based management was formally initiated by the Bureau of Land Management in September 2017, with 11 demonstration projects chosen in 2018. The University of Idaho, Rinker Rock Creek Ranch, has initiated a formal process this year to integrate OBM into our BLM grazing permit renewal. It is our goal to carefully document this process and share it with ranching clientele in video and written publications as we navigate the negotiation process. A similar process, adaptive management, was first initiated by the U.S. Forest Service in 1994 on timbered sites, but was not implemented on rangeland until about 2005 with the adoption of Chapter 90 grazing regulations (www.fs.fed. us/cgi-bin/Directives/get_dirs/fsh?2209.13; select and download “2209.13_90.docx”). U.S. Forest Service permittees are entitled to and can request that adaptive management be considered for their grazing allotment.

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Although not specified as requirements by the BLM, CONTINUED, PAGE 35

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IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 33

PHOTOS BY JIM SPRINKLE

Brendan Brazee (Idaho state rangeland management specialist, Natural Resources Conservation Service) assists in a field assessment at Rinker Rock Creek Ranch. Soils and vegetation were compared between a burned-over site (foreground) and an intact sagebrush steppe plant community (inset) immediately across the road.

CHEATGRASS CREATES ITS OWN DROUGHT The photos above show where a wildfire changed the vegetation from an intact sagebrush plant community to one with a greater abundance of cheatgrass. Brendan Brazee (NRCS) explained, “This is a site where we can create our own drought — because this litter mat (from cheatgrass) holds up the precipitation and keeps it from going into the soil, it will evaporate off. In our world of limited precipitation, we want to catch every drop of moisture that we can.” A question was asked, “What’s our challenge with these annuals here?” Brazee then went on to state, “The hardest part is the competition. … Sagebrush needs to drop seed on bare soil, and we haven’t had any and that’s where extended rest in these cheatgrass areas is kind of a problem.” The group discussed the possible benefits of targeted grazing in both the spring and during fall dormancy to reduce cheatgrass and break up the litter layer.

34 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

www.idahocattle.org

below are the characteristics we feel are important considerations for OBM: 1. Have a good working relationship with your agency partners Communicate frequently and effectively about your grazing allotment to discuss goals, objectives, natural resource concerns and future range improvements. 2. Be involved at least two or three years in advance of your NEPA grazing permit renewal. 3. Collect data about your allotment, including utilization and trend data (vegetation and soil cover). Photo monitoring is informative as well. These types of data will provide the underpinning for the NEPA document. The most effective OBM projects will include monitoring data over a period of years to assist in guiding proposed actions.

4. Strongly consider assembling a collaborative team (ranch employees, natural resource professionals, Cooperative Extension, NRCS, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fish and Game, Conservation Districts, etc.) to assist in assessments and in developing an action plan with BLM partners. There are educational videos available that we encourage you to view. They include these videos listed below. Search for them at YouTube.com (posted under “GlobalRangelands”). • “Why Should Ranchers Care About NEPA” (3 minutes, 7 seconds) • “When Should a Rancher Get Involved with NEPA” (3 minutes, 26 seconds) • “Key Elements of NEPA” (6 minutes, 37 seconds) • “How to Prepare for NEPA” (6 minutes, 42 seconds)

PREPARING AN OUTCOME-BASED MANAGEMENT NEPA ALTERNATIVE

Here are a few important steps involved in preparing an OBM NEPA alternative.

1. Assemble and Review Data File

This includes items such as photos, decision letters, standards and guides assessments, range studies/monitoring data (field data sheets and summaries for utilization, trend, sage grouse habitat framework studies, riparian proper functioning condition assessments, upland range health analyses, any sensitive species reports), maps, actual cow AUM usage, and other pertinent CONTINUED, PAGE 36

IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION

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information from your allotment file at BLM. If you have assumed management of the grazing permit in the last 5 years (as we did at Rinker Rock Creek Ranch) and trend monitoring data or PFC assessments are badly outdated, you should push to have more current assessments done. Offer to help with the data collection and assemble some natural resource professionals to assist.

2. Establish Existing and Desired Conditions

GRAPHIC COURTESY OF DR. APRIL HULET

Determine what the Existing Conditions are on the allotment, and in consultation with the BLM and your collaborative team, determine what the Desired Conditions should be. This is effectively pursued by an examination of long-term trend monitoring data and with several on-the-ground field trips. Time spent in the field with BLM and the collaborative team examining

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and discussing potential concerns and solutions is invaluable. Additionally, conversations on needed infrastructure improvements are recommended when in the field. On these tours at Rinker Rock Creek Ranch, we discussed several key issues/concerns and possible remedies/ adaptive response (see table at right) with the collaborative team, which included participants from the University of Idaho Rangeland Center, UI Nancy M. Cummings REEC, Prescott Cattle Consulting, Idaho Rangeland Conservation Partnership, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, The Nature Conservancy, Wood River Land Trust and the Bureau of Land Management. An example discussion that occurred in the field regarding invasive annual grasses is illustrated in the sidebar at left.

Natural resource concern

Possible adaptive response

Inflexible Grazing Plan

Flexible numbers and dates of livestock to manage vegetation under variable climates

Invasive Annual Grasses

Targeted grazing of invasive annual grasses when they begin growing while desired bunchgrasses may still be dormant

Riparian Areas

Flexible grazing and added water developments

3. Identify Goals and Objectives

You (and involved family members and partners) need to identify the long-term goals for the ranch. Once the goals have been defined, you can determine possible solutions/objectives to address natural resource concerns that will put you on the path to reaching your goal(s).

4. Develop a Proposed Action (i.e., Alternative)

toring information and having discussions in the field, you should be able to develop a proposed action that targets the main natural resource concerns that can be addressed with OBM that utilizes livestock grazing management. The intent is for your proposed action to become the preferred alternative that is selected by the BLM for the Environmental Assessment that is sent to the public for comment.

By examining the long-term moni-

CONTINUED, PAGE 38

As the seasons change, so do your needs. We are here to meet them.

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IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 37

PHOTOS BY THE UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO

The University of Idaho, Rinker Rock Creek Ranch, has initiated a formal process this year to integrate OBM into our BLM grazing permit renewal.

5. Define Desired Outcomes

To build a framework for OBM, you need a target (i.e., desired outcome) to aim for. For example, one of our OBM ecological outcomes is to Improve Ecological Integrity-Upland Vegetation and is defined as: “Grazing strategies on upland vegetation leading to the maintenance of stable perennial grass/shrub plant communities with minimal invasive annual grasses and recruitment of more diverse plant species (shrubs, forbs, grasses) during years of favorable precipitation and growing conditions.”

6. Establish Management Guidelines & Adaptive Triggers

For targeted management actions, you need to establish thresholds or triggers that will drive an OBM response. For example, in our suggested targeted grazing areas, one trigger is to 38 LINE RIDER OCTOBER 2021

aim for greater than 40% utilization on annual grasses while holding perennial grass utilization to less than 50% for 2 years out of 3.

7. Build a Response Toolbox

This is best approached by securing input from everyone involved, including ranchers, agency employees, other natural resource professionals, and the collaborative team. For your response toolbox, you will list several adaptive response possibilities that could be

implemented when a trigger is tripped. For example, an exceptionally wet year could trigger an adaptive response of a greater stocking rate (up to maximal permitted numbers) to reduce the recruitment of invasive annual grasses.

8. Develop a Monitoring Plan

OBM is dependent on the collection of monitoring data to determine the effect of an implemented action and if necessary – to alter the subsequent management the next time an area is www.idahocattle.org

The University of Idaho, Rinker Rock Creek Ranch, has initiated a formal process this year to integrate OBM into our BLM grazing permit renewal. It is our goal to carefully document this process and share it with ranching clientele in video and written publications. grazed (see graphic on page 36). You shouldn’t make the monitoring so burdensome that it creates a challenge to get it done, but on the other hand, it should be robust enough to provide needed data to drive OBM.

www.idahocattle.org

9. Stay Involved

This process will require several meetings of the collaborative team and with BLM to finalize the OBM alternative for your grazing allotment. The BLM will work closely with you to

finalize the submission of your OBM alternative to the NEPA document. The description of Existing Conditions in the NEPA Environmental Assessment will be written by the interdisciplinary BLM team but that does not mean you cannot provide input to this section. Stay involved and provide input to all sections of the NEPA document. Furthermore, when the NEPA is sent to the public for comment, make sure that you provide comments so that you have standing in decisions made. If you have any endangered species present on the allotment you should also request applicant status with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service through your land management agency (BLM or US Forest Service) so that you may review the draft U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Biological Opinion during Section 7 Species Consultation on affected endangered species.

IDAHO CATTLE ASSOCIATION 39

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