TheEnglishlegalsystemiscomplexandtherearemanywaysinwhichitcanbeinfluenced,this essaywillexploresomeofthedifferent,moreobviouswaysthelawcanbechangedandwhatthis showsinrelationtothequoteaboveFirsttheessaywilldiscussthedifferentwaysthelawcanbe createdandchangedandwhoenablesandcontrolsthosechanges,withmyprimaryexamplesbeing thecommonlawandlegislationforthejudicracyandParliamentrespectively,thentheessaywill covertowhatextentthesepowersenablethejudicracytochangeandcreatelawinrelationto Parliamentandifitcouldbediscribedas"opportunisticandpiecemeal".
Itisdefinitelyarguablethatinordertopromotedemocracyinit'scurrentformatthere...showmore content...
WhatmakesthecommonlawsoeffectiveisthatintheEnglishlegalsystem,lawcaneffectlybe splitintosubstantiverulesandstatutelaw,generallyunlessParliamenthasspecificallylegislates something,it'snotillegalincivillaw,thecommonlawgovernsmorecommonandbehavoural issuesthatmostpeoplecanagreeonsuchasmurderorstealing,givingthecourtsomediscretionin cases.
Thejudicracyhasotherwaysofextendingit'sinfluencetolaw–makingsuchasstatutory interpretation,thismeansthateventhoughthelawshouldattempttobeasclearaspossible, sometimesvaguenessiscaused.Thecourtshavedifferentrulesastohowtheymightinterpretate unclearstatutesandthejudicracydoesnotalwaysagreeonthebestone.Thisagainisanexampleof thejudicracyexercisingdiscretioninlegalmatters,whichtheytendtohavethepowertouseto someminorextentatmostlevels,thisallowsthejudicracytoapplyahumanaspecttothelawand makesmallerrefinements.
Parliamenthasthepowertoallowotherstomakelawthroughdelegated(orsubordinate)legislation. ThisisnormallydonethroughanenablingAct,whichlaysdowntheframeworkforlawfora specificissueandallowsthe
...Getmorecontent...
Anaveragepersonhasaninnovativeplantostartabusiness.Itbeginswithanideabutwhatshould theydoafterwards.Ifsomeonewantstostartabusinesstheymustaskthemselvesseveralquestions. Whatisthesizeofthebusiness?Whatlevelofcontroldotheywanttohave?Whatarethebusiness riskandvulnerabilities?Whataretheinitialstartupexpenses?Allofthesequestionswillhelpthem decidewhichlegalformofbusinesstheyshouldchooseAsalegalformcanhavesignificant implicationsforyourpersonalriskinthebusinessaswellasyourpotentialforfinancialreturns (Page6of17–HowtoIncorporate|Inc.com.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.inc.com/how–to–incorporate/130)Thethreedifferenttypesoflegalshowmorecontent
Soleproprietorshipisabusinesswithoneowner.Theowneristhebusiness,andthebusinessisthe owner(We'vegottheAnswers–NorthwestTexasSmallBuiness...(n.d.).Retrievedfrom http:\\www.nwtsbdc.org/FAQAnswers.htm).Soleproprietorshipisthequickestandeasiestwayto startabusiness.Havinglittletonofinancialassistance,soleproprietorshipistheleastexpensiveof thethreebusinessformsTheadvantagesofasoleproprietorshiparebeingyourownboss,low start–upcost,andcomprehensiblelegalsetup.Businessprofitsarenotsharedwithanyoneelsesince therearenopartners.Oneofthedisadvantagesofasoleproprietorshipisunlimitedliabilitymeaning theownerispersonallyliableforalldebtsensued.Itisalsodifficulttosecurefundstoexpandthe businessifneeded.Apartnershipisthesameasasoleproprietorshipexceptthereismorethanone ownerSincethereismorethanonebusinessowner,ownerswillshareallprofitsandresponsibility Theownerandtheirpartnersandbusinessarenotseparateentities.Personalliabilityisa considerabledrawbacktopartnerships,becauseeachownerisnotaseparateentityandisliablefor alldebtandtheotherowner'sactionsThestart–upexpensesarehigherforapartnershipthanasole proprietorship,duetolegalfeesneededtoformapartnership.Partnersarealsotaxedasindividuals ontheirpersonaltaxreturns.Partnershipprovidesmore
...Getmorecontent...
TheEnglishLegalSystemTheEnglishlegalsystemisbasedonCommonLawasopposedtoCivil Law.CommonLawisasystemwherebyJudgesapplyjudgmentderivedfromexperienceaswellas knowledgeoflegalprecedent;asystembasedoncustoms.WhereasCivilLaw,whichdevelopedout oftheRomanLawofJustinian'sCorpusJurisCivilis,ismainlybasedonwrittenlegislation,thus judgementsaremadeontheprovisionsofcodesandstatutes;asystembasedonwrittendoctrine
TheEnglishLegalSystemisextensiveandverycomplicatedtherefore,Ihavedecidedforthe purposesofthisessaytodiscussareasinwhichIhavesufficientknowledgetoformanopinionand concludeasshowmorecontent
Mostlawshaveanelementoffairnessormoralconsensus.Howeverasparliamenthavetheultimate influencesoverwhatbecomeslaw;itispossiblethatsomelawsreflectthephilosophiesof individualpoliticalparties.InthepastwhenthedividebetweenConservativeandLabourparty philosophywasmoreapparentitcouldbearguedthatlawspassedbyaConservativegovernment representedtheinterestsoftherichandpowerfulReligionhasalsoplayedapartinwhatislegal andillegalandadditionallyresultsininjustice.Reformsinthelawcanalsoreflectchangesinvalues ofsocietyasawholee.g.thenewlawallowingsamesexmarriageinEngland.Thelawcommission, setupin1965,isobviouslytheretoreflecttheneedforconstantreformalthoughchangeisstill slow.WithEngland'smembershipintheEuropeanUnionandeverimprovingtechnological advances,theprocessofreformistooslowanddoesnotreflectthecurrentpaceofchangein England.InEnglandsomecrimeispunishablebylossoffreedomi.e.prison.Ibelievethatalthough prisonsarenecessarytoprotectsocietyfromdangerousindividualse.g.rapistsandmurderers. PrisonmaynotnecessarilybethebestformofpunishmentformanyoffendersPrisonsinEngland areovercrowdedandthenumberofrepeatoffendersisveryhigh.Thisindicatesthatprison,asa punishmentisnotworkingfor
...Getmorecontent...
Iamwritingtoyou,toyourrequest,toinformyouonthelegalrequirementsyouwillneedtofollow inordertocorrectlyfollowthelaw,andhelpyouStart–upCompanyexpand.Iwouldliketogoover whatexactlyalegalrequirementis,simplythelawsetinplacebyanygivengovernmentthatyou mustfollowinordertobeallowedtooperateyourcompanywithintheircountry,notalllegal requirementsareequalinseverity,somewillresultinprisontimeandotherswillresultinasimple fine,whateverthecase,theymustbefollowed.Therearetwotypesoflegalrequirements,thefirst ofwhichbeingcompliance,thisisarequirementthatwillresultinnoprisontimeifbroken,but simplyafine,youwillalsonotbebrandedasashowmorecontent
Thislawwillalsobeofgreatuseforyouandyourcompany,asitwilldetermanypeoplefromusing dataonthecompanyinawayyoudidnotagreeupon.Inawaythatisadequate,relevantandnot excessive–thisLawisdesignedtomakedatausespecialised,meaningit'snotusedinawaythat mighthavebeenagreeduponforuse,butnotinthewaythatithasbeenusedfor;thisactwillresult indatahavingtobeusedinanyareaitmakessense,forexample,youwon'tbeabletousedataon howmanytimessomeonehasbrokenthelawwhenthedataismeanttobeusedtosupporttheclaim thatmoneyisbeinguseddangerouslybybanks.ThisActwillalsobeofgreatuseforthecompany asitwillpreventrivalsusingdataonyourcompanyinnon–relevantsituations,likeduringan advertisement.Keptfornolongerthenisnecessary–oncedataisusedandnolongerneedit, destroytherecordersyouholdofit,thisisthebestwaytoavoidbreakingthisprincipleThiswill havemanypositiveimpactsonthecompanyasitwillhelpdeterotherbusinessesfromholdingdata onthecompanyforlongperiodsoftime,thiswillpreventthemusingthedatainawaytothreaten youorriskingthembeinghacked,resultinginthedatabeinginthehandofsomeonewhowasnot givenrighttoholdit.Keptsafeandsecure–thisisinplacetomakesuredataisn'tstolenorlost, easilyavoidableby
...Getmorecontent...