Meta-analysis: perils and pitfalls ‒ publication bias- were all of the relevant articles found? ‒ study quality- if the available studies are of poor quality, the summary estimate will be a keenly refined piece of garbage. ‒ investigator bias- were the inclusion/exclusion criteria modified to fit the authors’ own personal view of the universe? ‒ heterogeneity- can those studies really be combined? 21
Questions? ‒ Here’s an example:
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