Liebherr Tractor LR 636 1275 Crawler Loader Operator's Manual 12777 - PDF DOWNLOAD

en

Operator's manual Crawler loader

Document ID Order number: Issued: Version: Author:

ORIGINAL OPERATOR'S MANUAL 9087293 01.10.2019 13 LWT I Technical Documentation Department

Product ID Manufacturer: Type: Type no.: From Serial no.:

Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH LR636 1275 12777

Conformity:

CE

Contact

Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH Hans Liebherr-StraBe 35 A- 6410 Telfs

Machine data: Enter the following information on taking delivery. *You will find the information on the type plate of the machine. This will also be useful when you order spares.

* Vehicle ID number: VAUZ ............................. ZT ............................ .

* Year of manufacture:

Commissioning date: .................. 1 ................. 1 ................ .

copyright© Liebherr-Well< Telfs GmbH 2019

2

llEBHERR

LR636-1275 / 12777

IIEBHERR EC Declaration of Conformity "Original Declaration of Conformity'' Herewith we declare that the machine/equipment designated below is designed and built in the version sold by us in such a way as to comply with the relevant fundamental safety and health criteria of the applicable EC Directive(s). This declaration shall cease to be valid if alterations are made to the machine/equipment without our prior agreement.

Designati on/function: Make:

Trade name: Type/serial number: Engine.power:

xxxx LIEBHERR xxxx xxxx XXX kW at xxxx rpm

1. Relevant regulati ons {last valid version): 1.1. 2006/42/EC 1. 1.1 . Documentation officer: xxxxx, Hans Liebherr-Sir. 35, A-6410 Telfs 1.1.2. Submitted voluntary for a design type examination with: DGUV Test, Prut- und Zertifizierungsstelle, Fachbereich Bauwesen, Landsberger Strar..e 309, D-80687 Munchen 1.2. 2004/108/EC 1.3. 2000/14/EC 1.3. 1. Measured sound power level on machines representative for this type : 1.3.2. Guaranteed sound power level: dB(A) 1.3.3. Applied conformity assessment procedure according to Annex VIII 1.3.4. Technical documentation archive location: Technical office 1.3.5. Notified body: DGUV Test, Prut- und Zertifizierungsstelle, Fachbereich Bauwesen, (ID no 0515), Landsberger Strar..e 309, D-80687 Munchen

xxx,x dB(A) XXX

2. Applied harmonised standards , in particu lar: 2.1 . EN 474-1 2.2. EN 474-2 (Crawler Tractor) EN 474-3 (Crawler loader) EN 474-9 (Pipelayer) EN 1459 without EN 15000 (Telescopic Handler) 2.3. EN 280 exclusive of point 5.4.1. EN 280/A1 (Telescopic Handler)

3. Applied national technical standards and specifi cations, in particular:

LIEBHERR-WERK TELFS GMBH A-6410Tl?

i/iv'kd ✓/4 ' ~ Done at Telfs,

Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH Hans Liebherr-Strasse 35 A-6410 Telfs Telefon + 43 508096-100 Telefax+ 43 50 80 96-7771 www.liebherr.com

(Siegele Mic~ (Quality manaoement aoent) Registriert beim

Bankverbindungen:

~~e~~eJ~tJJ"snsbruck Us'~~~~stria AG Tiroler Sparkasse OVR-NR. 0036072 UST-ld.Nr. ATU36879909 Deutsche Bank AG Biberach Ein Unternehmen der Liebherr• EMtec GmbH

Kto-Nr. 00894 257 500 IBAN AT801100000894257500 BIG BKAUATWW Kto-Nr. 5200-003456 IBAN AT672050305200003456 BIG SPIHAT22 BLZ 63070088 Kto-Nr. 2022002/00 IBAN DE70630700880202200200 BIG DEUTDESS631

BLZ 11000 BLZ 20503

Fig. 1: Example of an EC conformity declaration (from year of manufacture 2011) Valid for countries of the European Economic Area (EEA): Part of the scope of delivery is a EC Conformity declaration. Store the EC conformity declaration carefully.

copyright© Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH 2019

LR636-1275 / 12777

IIIBHIRR

3

copyright© Liebherr-Well< Telfs GmbH 2019

4

llEBHERR

LR636-1275 / 12777

Foreword

This operator's manual has been written for the operator and for the maintenance staff of the machine.

It contains the descriptions for: - Chapter 1 "Product description" - Chapter 2 "Safety guidelines" - Chapter 3 "Control, operation" - Chapter 4 "Malfunctions" - Chapter 5 "Maintenance" The operating instructions must be read and used carefully by all persons who carry out work with or on the machine before putting the machine into service for the first time and later, at regular intervals.

Work with or on the machine includes, for example: - Operation including set up, troubleshooting during work procedure, disposal of production wastes, care, disposal of service and auxiliary materials.

- Service including maintenance, inspection and repair work - Transport or loading the machine This allows the machine operator to familiarize himself with the machine more easily and prevent malfunctions due to improper operation.

Observation of the operating instructions by maintenance personnel: - increases reliability in use - extends the service life of your machine - reduces repair costs and downtime The operating instructions belong with the machine. Make sure that a copy is always readily available in the operator's cab.

The operating instructions should be supplemented with instructions for accident prevention and environmental protection based on existing national regulations.

In addition to the operating instructions and legally binding regulations on accident prevention which apply in the user country and at point of use, authorized specialist rules for safe and correct working procedures are also to be observed.

These operating instructions contain all required information for control, operation and maintenance of your machine.

Some illustrations in these operating instructions may depict details and working devices which differ to your machine.

C:

,!!?

"'

In some illustrations, protective devices and covers have been removed in the interests of better presentation.

~

c:i

Improvements, which are always being incorporated into our machines, may result in changes to your machine which are not yet indicated in these operating instructions.

If you need additional explanations or instructions, please don't hesitate to contact the Technical Documentation and Service Department.

Under extreme conditions, more frequent maintenance than specified in the inspection checklist may be required.

copyright© Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH 2019

LR636-1275 / 12777

llEBHERR

5

Foreword

Operator's manual

Liability and warranty Due to the variety of products offered by other manufacturers (for example service items, lubricants, attachments and spare parts), Liebherr cannot check the suitability and error-free function of third party products in or on Liebherr products in general. The same applies for possible interactions of third party products with Liebherr products.

The use of third party products in or on Liebherr machines is at the discretion of the user. Liebherr denies any warranty or liability for damages of any kind for failures or damages on Liebherr machines, which were caused by use of third party products.

In addition, Liebherr will not approve any warranty claims, which occurred due improper operation, insufficient maintenance or non-observation of safety guidelines.

Modifications, conditions, copyright -

-

We reserve the right to make changes to technical details on the machine in comparison to the information and illustrations in this manual.

The warranty and liability conditions of Liebherr's general business conditions will not be expanded by the above information.

The information and illustrations contained in these operating instructions may neither be copied and distributed, nor used for the purposes of competition. All rights are expressly reserved in accordance with copyright laws.

Machine data: Component relevant machine data is recorded in part by the system. The saved data is used by the manufacturer for continued improvement of function and reliability.

copyright© Liebherr-Well< Telfs GmbH 2019

6

llEBHERR

LR636-1275 / 12777

Reply form

We need your help to continually improve our documentation. Please copy this page and fax it or e-mail it to us with your comments, ideas and suggestions for improvement.

To:

Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH Hans Liebherr StraBe 35 A-6410 Telfs / Osterreich

Fax:

0043 50809 6 7708

E-mail:

info.lwt@liebherr.com Ideas, comments (please state the page number):

Overall, how would you judge this document?

Excellent Very good Good Satisfactory Poor Your data:

Machine/ serial number: Company: Last name: Address:

C:

,!!?

"'

Telephone number:

c:i

Dealer:

~

Thank you for your help.

copyright© Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH 2019

LR636-1275 / 12777

llEBHERR

7

Reply form

Operator's manual

Notes:

copyright© Liebherr-Well< Telfs GmbH 2019

8

llEBHERR

LR636-1275 / 12777

Contents

1

Product description

17

1.1

Technical description

17

1.1.1

17

1.2

1.3

Technical data

19

1.2.1

Vibrations

19

1.2.2

CO2 emissions of diesel engine

20

1.2.3

Sound emission

21

1.2.4

Maximum operating weight

21

Tightening torques 1.3.1 1.3.2

2

iii 0

~

~

22

Tightening torque for cutting edges, end bits and adapters

28

2.1

Designation of warning notes

29

2.1.1

30

Additional rules and guidelines

2.2

Symbols in the operator's manual

30

2.3

Proper use

30

2.3.1

Laws, rules, guidelines and safety regulations

30

2.3.2

Intended use

30

2.3.3

Foreseeable misuse

31

2.3.4

Hazard zone of the machine

32

2.3.5

Operating conditions

33

2.3.6

Disposal

34

Description of personnel

35

2.4.1

Personal protective equipment

35

2.4.2

Requirements for personnel

35

2.4.3

Operator

35

2.4.4

Operator

36

2.4.5

Maintenance staff

37

2.4

.,"'"',._

Preload values and tightening torques for screws with standard and fine metric thread according to DIN ISO 261

29

,!!?

~

22

Safety guidelines, signs

C:

"'0 "'c:i

Design overview

copyright© Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH 2019

LR636-1275 / 12777

llEBHERR

9

Contents

Operator's manual

2.4.6 2.5

2.6

Guide

38

Signs on the machine

38

2.5.1

Safety signs

38

2.5.2

Information signs

46

2.5.3

Identification plates

55

Safety instructions

56

2.6.1

General safety instructions

56

2.6.2

Safety guidelines for crushing and burn prevention

57

2.6.3

Safety guidelines for fire and explosion prevention

57

2.6.4

Safety instructions for machine start up

58

2.6.5

Safety guidelines for start up

58

2.6.6

Safety guidelines for working

58

2.6.7

Safety guidelines for turning machine off

60

2.6.8

Safety instructions for transporting machine

60

2.6.9

Safety instructions for towing machine

60

2.6.10 Safety instructions for maintenance

61

2.6.11

63

Safety guidelines for welding work on machine

2.6.12 Safety guidelines for working on attachment

63

2.6.13 Safety guidelines for loading machine with a crane

64

2.6.14 Safety notes for maintenance of hydraulic hoses and hose lines

64

2.6.15 Safety guidelines for maintenance work on machines with hydro accu65

mulators

2.6.16 Roll over protection (ROPS) and falling object protection (FOPS)

65

2.6.17 Equipment and attachment parts

66

2.6.18 Protection from vibrations

66

2.6.19 See and be seen

67

2.6.20 Safety notes for Diesel engines with electronic control units

69

2.6.21

70

Safety notes for working on Common Rail System of Diesel engines

C:

,!!?

3

Operating and control elements

73 "'0 "'0 73 ~

3.1.1

Operator's cab

73 .,"'"'....

3.1.2

Control elements in the operator's cab

75

3.1.3

Display unit

79

3.1.4

Exhaust gas treatment

119

Control, operation 3.1

iii 0

copyright© Liebherr-Well< Telfs GmbH 2019

10

llEBHERR

LR636-1275 / 12777

~

~

Operator's manual

Contents

3.2

Operation

122

3.2.1

Battery main switch

122

3.2.2

Entering and exiting the machine

123

3.2.3

Emergency exit

123

3.2.4

Door lock

125

3.2.5

Standard operator's seat

126

3.2.6

Operator's seat with pneumatic comfort suspension

127

3.2.7

Premium operator's seat (option)

134

3.2.8

Premium ISRI (option) operator's seat

141

3.2.9

Safety belt

147

3.2.10 Adjust the armrests and joysticks

150

3.2.11

151

Heating and air conditioning unit

3.2.12 Sliding window

155

3.2.13 Interior light of the cab and reading light

155

3.2.14 Inside mirror

156

3.2.15 Electric window washer system

156

3.2.16 Compartment for documentation

158

3.2.17 Turn the engine compartment lighting on

159

3.2.18 Reversing warning device

159

3.2.19 Disengageable back up warning device (option)

160

3.2.20 Fire extinguisher

161

3.2.21 Rotating beacon

162

3.2.22 LiDAT (option)

162

Operation

163

3.3.1

Operating machine on a daily basis

163

3.3.2

Using the machine at low or high ambient temperatures

173

3.3.3

Starting diesel engine

173

3.3.4

Travel mode

179

3.3.5

Driving

185

3.3.6

Braking

187

iii

3.3.7

Take the machine out of service

189

0

3.3.8

Working in water

193

3.3.9

Working with attachment

194

3.3.10 Working with working attachments

202

3.3.11

204

3.3

C:

,!!?

"'0 "'c:i ~

.,"'"',._ ~

~

Diesel particle filter (option)

copyright© Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH 2019

LR636-1275 / 12777

llEBHERR

11

Contents

Operator's manual

3.4

3.5

Work methods

210

3.4.1

Material transport and handling

210

3.4.2

Grading work

211

3.4.3

Loading from a pile

212

3.4.4

Loading from a bank or wall

213

3.4.5

Load the transport vehicle

214

3.4.6

Excavation

217

3.4.7

Example of excavating a foundation

217

3.4.8

Land clearing

218

Install and remove the attachment

3.5.1

3.6

3.7

4

223

Installation guidelines for installation and removal of working attachment parts

223

3.5.2

Install and remove the bucket

223

3.5.3

Removing and installing 4-in-1 bucket

225

3.5.4

Removing and installing the ripper

227

Transport

232

3.6.1

Transport the machine by truck or rail

232

3.6.2

Loading the machine with a crane

235

Emergency operations

237

3.7.1

Emergency mode function

237

3.7.2

Towing machine

237

3.7.3

Jump start procedure

245

Operating problems

247

4.1

Servicecodes

247

4.1.1

247

4.2

Service code - Display unit

Problems - Cause - Remedy

249

4.2.1

Diesel engine

249

4.2.2

Hydraulic system

251

4.2.3

Travel gear, tracks

0 252 "' "'0

4.2.4

Electrical system

4.2.5

Heating system

4.2.6

Working attachments

C:

,!!?

252 ~ iii "'"'....

252 ., 0

4.3

253

Problem remedy

254

4.3.1

254

Fuses

copyright© Liebherr-Well< Telfs GmbH 2019

12

llEBHERR

LR636-1275 / 12777

~

~

Operator's manual

5

Contents

256

4.3.3

Relays

260 263

5.1

Maintenance and inspection schedule

263

5.2

Fill quantities, lubrication schedule

269

5.2.1

Recommended lubricants

269

5.2.2

Recommended operating fluids

270

5.2.3

Lubrication schedule

270

5.2.4

Symbols in the lubrication chart

272

5.4

5.5

C:

,!!?

5.6

~

iii

.,"'"'....

0

~

~

Fuses in the central electric compartment

Maintenance

5.3

"'0 "'c:i

4.3.2

5.7

Lubricants and fuels

273

5.3.1

General information about lubricants and fuels

273

5.3.2

Diesel fuels

274

5.3.3

Engine oils

274

5.3.4

Coolant

275

5.3.5

Diesel exhaust fluids

276

5.3.6

Hydraulic oil

277

5.3.7

Lube oils for splitterboxes

282

5.3.8

Lube oils for travel gearbox

283

5.3.9

Oil for duo cone (slipring) seal Travel gear

284

5.3.10 Oil for axle bearing

284

5.3.11 Grease and other lubricants

284

5.3.12 Oil for hinges and joints

286

Take oil samples

287

5.4.1

287

Taking oil samples and oil analysis

Preparatory maintenance tasks

291

5.5.1

Safety instructions for maintenance

291

5.5.2

Maintenance position

291

5.5.3

Turn the electrical system off

294

Overall machine

295

5.6.1

Lubricating all lube points according to lubrication chart

295

5.6.2

Checking the window wiper

295

Diesel engine

296

5.7.1

296

Check the engine oil level

copyright© Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH 2019

LR636-1275 / 12777

llEBHERR

13

Contents

Operator's manual

5.7.2 5.8

5.9

Checking the diesel engine configuration and the belly pans for contamination and cleaning them

297

Cooling system

298

5.8.1

Checking coolant level

298

5.8.2

Clean the cooling system

300

Fuel system

303

5.9.1

Notes for work on the fuel system

303

5.9.2

Fuel preliminary filter: Drain the condensation

303

5.9.3

Fuel tank: draining condensation and sediments

304

5.10 Air filter system

306

5.10.1

306

5.11

Replacing air filter

Diesel particle filter

309

5.12 Hydraulic system 5.12.1

310

Check the oil level in the hydraulic tank and add oil

310

5.13 Splitterbox

313

5.13.1

313

Check the oil level

5.14 Electrical system 5.14.1

314

Check the display unit and lighting

314

5.15 Heater, ventilation, air conditioning system

315

5.15.1

Check the air conditioning system

315

5.15.2 Checking the condenser

315

5.16 Drive gear

316

5.16.1

316

Travel gearbox: checking the condition

5.16.2 Checking the oil level in the duo cone (slip ring) area

316

5.17 Track components 5.17.1

318

Checking the nuts and bolts of the travel gear components are firmly seated

318

5.17.2 Check and adjust the chain tension

319

5.17.3 Grease the equalizer bar bearing

323 C:

,!!?

5.18 Working attachment 5.18.1

324 "'0 "'0 324

Checking the cutting edges, bucket and ripper teeth for wear

~

5.18.2 Checking the mounting screws and pin retainers of the working attachment for tight seating

iii

"' 324 .,"'....

0

~

5.18.3 Removing and installing the ripper tooth tips 5.19 Cleaning the machine 5.19.1

Wet cleaning the machine

325 ~ 329 329

copyright© Liebherr-Well< Telfs GmbH 2019

14

llEBHERR

LR636-1275 / 12777

Operator's manual

Contents

5.20 Preservation tasks 5.20.1

331

Protecting the piston rods

331

5.20.2 Taking the machine out of service

331

Index

333

C:

,!!?

"' ~

c:i

copyright© Liebherr-Werk Telfs GmbH 2019

LR636-1275 / 12777

llEBHERR

15

Ý®¿©´»® Ô±¿¼»®­

ÔÎ êîê

ÔÎ êíê Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ É»·¹¸ïêôïíð Š ïèôêðð µ¹ ñ íëôëêï Š ìïôððê ´¾ îïôïðð Š îîôéðð µ¹ ñ ìêôëïð Š ëðôðìð ´¾ Û²¹·²» Ñ«¬°«ÍßÛ Öïíìç ïðë µÉ ñ ïìï ØÐ ïíë µÉ ñ ïèï ØРͬ¿¹» ×Ê ñ Ì·»® ìº

×ÍÑ çîìç ïðë µÉ ñ ïìí ØÐ ïíë µÉ ñ ïèì ØÐ

л®º±®³¿²½» Ñ«¬­¬¿²¼·²¹ Ø¿²¼´·²¹ Ý¿°¿½·¬§ ¿²¼ Ï«·½µ ɱ®µ ݧ½´»­

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Û²¹·²» ø×ÍÑ çîìç÷ ïðë µÉ ñ ïìí ØÐ Ì·»® ìº ñ ÛË Í¬¿¹» ×Ê Û²¹·²» øÍßÛ Öïíìç÷ ïðë µÉ ñ ïìï ØÐ Ì·»® ìº ñ ÛË Í¬¿¹» ×Ê Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ É»·¹¸ïêôïíð Š ïèôêðð µ¹ íëôëêï Š ìïôððê ´¾ Þ«½µ»¬ Ý¿°¿½·¬§ ïòëð Š ïòèð ³m ïòçê Š îòíë §¼m ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ Ì®¿ª»´ Ü®·ª» ©·¬¸ »´»½¬®±²·½ ½±²¬®±´ «²·¬

ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½ Û²¹·²» ø×ÍÑ çîìç÷ ïíë µÉ ñ ïèì ØÐ Ì·»® ìº ñ ÛË Í¬¿¹» ×Ê Û²¹·²» øÍßÛ Öïíìç÷ ïíë µÉ ñ ïèï ØÐ Ì·»® ìº ñ ÛË Í¬¿¹» ×Ê Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ É»·¹¸îïôïðð Š îîôéðð µ¹ ìêôëïð Š ëðôðìð ´¾ Þ«½µ»¬ Ý¿°¿½·¬§ ïòçð Š ìòêð ³m ïòçê Š îòíë §¼m ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ Ì®¿ª»´ Ü®·ª» ©·¬¸ »´»½¬®±²·½ ½±²¬®±´ «²·¬

î

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

λ´·¿¾·´·¬§

ݱ³º±®¬

Ó¿·²¬¿·²¿¾·´·¬§

α¾«­¬ Ü»­·¹² ·² Ûª»®§ λ¹¿®¼

ß³°´» Í°¿½»ô Û®¹±²±³·½­ ¿²¼ ݱ³º±®¬ Š ß´´ ·² Ѳ»

Í·³°´» Ó¿·²¬»²¿²½» ¿²¼ ¿² Û¨¬»²­·ª» Í»®ª·½» Ò»¬©±®µ

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

í

л®º±®³¿²½»

Ñ«¬­¬¿²¼·²¹ Ø¿²¼´·²¹ Ý¿°¿½·¬§ ¿²¼ Ï«·½µ ɱ®µ ݧ½´»­ б©»®ô ¿¹·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ·²²±ª¿¬·±² ¿®» ¬¸» ¸¿´´³¿®µ­ ±º Ô·»¾¸»®® ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»®­ò ɸ»¬¸»® º±® ³±ª·²¹ ³¿ó »ª»®§ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ò

ì

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

Ø·¹¸ Ю±¼«½¬·ª·¬§

Ю»½·­» ݱ²¬®±´

б©»®º«´ Û²¹·²»­ › Ô·»¾¸»®® ¼·»­»´ »²¹·²»­ ¿®» ¼»­·¹²»¼ º±® ¬¸» ¸¿®­¸ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ ±º ½±²­¬®«½¬·±² ­·¬»­ ¿²¼ °®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ®·¹¸¬ ¿³±«²¬ ±º °±©»® ·² »ª»®§ ­·¬«¿¬·±²ò Ü»°»²¼·²¹ ±² ¬¸» ¶±¾ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ô ¼·ºó º»®»²¬ ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ³±¼»­ ¿®» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» º±® ³¿¨·³«³ °±©»® ±® º«»´ó­¿ª·²¹ ±°»®¿¬·±²ò

Û¨½»´´»²¬ Ó¿²»«ª»®¿¾·´·¬§

› ¿²¼ ¿² ײ¬»´´·¹»²¬ Ü®·ª» ͧ­¬»³ ̸» ¸§¼®±­¬¿¬·½ ¬®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» ±°»®¿¬»­ ­³±±¬¸´§ ¿²¼ ¿«¬±³¿¬·ó ½¿´´§ ¿¼¶«­¬­ ¬¸» ©±®µ·²¹ ­°»»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¬®¿½¬·±²ò ̸» »²¹·²»Ž­ °±©»® ·­ ¿´©¿§­ ¬®¿²­³·¬¬»¼ ¬± ¾±¬¸ ¬®¿½µ­ ©·¬¸±«·²¬»®®«°¬·±²ò ̸·­ °»®³·¬­ »¨¿½¬ ¿²¼ °±©»®º«´ ­¬»»®·²¹å ¬®¿½µ ­´·° ·­ ³·²·³·¦»¼ ¿²¼ ±°»®¿¬±®­ ½¿² ½±²½»²¬®¿¬» ½±³°´»¬»´§ ±² ¬¸»·® ©±®µò Ï«·½µ ɱ®µ ݧ½´» ¿²¼ Ø·¹¸ Ì·°°·²¹ Ô±¿¼ ̸» ¿¾·´·¬§ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ¼·®»½¬·±² ®¿°·¼´§ ½±³¾·²»¼ ©·¬¸ ¯«·½µ ´±¿¼·²¹ ½§½´»­ ¹«¿®¿²¬»»­ ­¸±®¬ ½§½´» ¬·³»­ ¿²¼ ·²½®»¿­»¼ °®±¼«½¬·ª·¬§ò ̸» ¸·¹¸ ¬·°°·²¹ ´±¿¼ ¿´­± »²­«®»­ ¿² ·³°®»­ó ­·ª» ´»ª»´ ±º ­¬¿¾·´·¬§ô »ò¹ò ©¸»² ´±¿¼·²¹ ¬®«½µ­ò

Ô·»¾¸»®® ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ Ü®·ª» ‹ ß«¬±³¿¬·½ ­°»»¼ ¿²¼ ¬±®¯«» ¿¼¶«­¬³»²½±²¬·²«±«­´§ ±°¬·³·¦»­ ¬®¿²­³·­­·±² ±º »²¹·²» °±©»® ¬± ¬¸» ¬®¿½µ­ ¿­ ¬¸» ´±¿¼ ½¸¿²¹»­ò ̸·­ ®»­«´¬­ ·² ³¿¨·³«³ ¬®¿½¬·±² ©·¬¸ ³·²·³«³ ¬®¿½µ ­´·°ò ‹ ̸» ¿¼ª¿²¬¿¹»­ ±º ¬¸» ¼®·ª» ¿®» °¿®¬·½«ó ´¿®´§ ®»ª»¿´»¼ ·² ¸»¿ª§ ¼±¦·²¹ ¿²¼ ´±¿¼·²¹ ±°»®¿¬·±²ò

ÔËÜÊŒ ا¼®¿«´·½ ݱ²¬®±´ Þ´±½µ Ô±¿¼óײ¼»°»²¼»²¬ Ú´±© Ü·­¬®·¾«¬·±²æ ¬¸·­ ¬»½¸²·½¿´ ·²²±ª¿ó ¬·±² ±º Ô±¿¼ Í»²­·²¹ ·²¬± ¬¸» ÔËÜÊó­§­¬»³ °®±ª·¼»­ ¹®»¿¬»® ­»²­·¬·ª·¬§ º±® ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ´·º¬ º®¿³»ò ׬ ¿´´±©­ ¬¸» ¸¿®ó ³±²·¦»¼ »¨»½«¬·±² ±º ½±²½«®®»²¬ ³±ª»³»²¬­ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ­·³«´ó ¬¿²»±«­´§ ®¿·­·²¹ ¿²¼ ¬·°°·²¹ ¬¸» ¾«½µ»¬ò б©»® ¿¼¿°¬¿¬·±² ±² ¼»³¿²¼ øÔ±¿¼ Í»²­·²¹÷ ½±²¬·²«»­ ¬± ¾» ¹«¿®¿²¬»»¼ò ̸» ß´´óЫ®°±­» Ó¿½¸·²»Œ ɸ»¬¸»® ·¬ ·­ »¨¬»²­·ª» ´¿²¼­½¿°·²¹ô ­¬®¿·¹¸¬º±®©¿®¼ ³¿¬»®·ó ¿´­ ¸¿²¼´·²¹ô ¸»¿ª§ ¼±¦»® ±°»®¿¬·±²ô ¹®¿¼·²¹ ­»®ª·½» ±® ®·°ó °·²¹ ±°»®¿¬·±²­ Š Ô·»¾¸»®® ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»®­ ½¿² ¿´©¿§­ ¾» «­»¼ º±® ¿ ©·¼» ª¿®·»¬§ ±º ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²­ò

ײ¬»´´·¹»²Û²¹·²» ݱ²¬®±´ ‹ ̸» »´»½¬®±²·½¿´´§ ³±¼»´´»¼ °±©»® ¿²¼ ¬±®¯«» ½«®ª»­ »²­«®» ±«¬­¬¿²¼·²¹ °«´´·²¹ °±©»® ¿²¼ ¿ ¼§²¿³·½ ®»­°±²­» ¬± ·²½®»¿­·²¹ ´±¿¼­ò ‹ Ѳ󼻳¿²¼ °±©»® ¾±±­¬ ¿­­«®»­ ¿¼»¯«¿¬» °±©»® ®»­»®ª»­ô »ª»² «²¼»®

б©»®º«´ Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ Û¯«·°³»²‹ ͱ´·¼ Æóµ·²»³¿¬·½­ ¼»­·¹² °®±ª·¼»­ ª»®§ ¸·¹¸ ¾®»¿µó±«¬ º±®½»­ò ‹ ÔËÜÊó­§­¬»³æ ±°¬·³·¦»¼ ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ¬»½¸²±´±¹§ º±® ¯«·½µ»® ´±¿¼·²¹ ½§½´»­ ¿²¼ °®±¼«½¬·ª·¬§ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ë

Ûºº·½·»²½§

ݱ³»­ ͬ¿²¼¿®¼ ·²½®»¿­» §±«® ®»¬«®²­ò

ê

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

˲®·ª¿´´»¼ Û½±²±³§

Ñ°¬·³·¦»¼ º±® Ûª»®§ Ö±¾

̸» Ô¿¬»­¬ Û²¹·²» ¿²¼ Û¨¸¿«­¬ Ì»½¸²±´±¹§ ̸» ²»©»­¬ ¹»²»®¿¬·±² ±º Ô·»¾¸»®® ¼·»­»´ »²¹·²»­ ½±³°´·»­ ©·¬¸ Û³·­­·±² ͬ¿¹» ×Ê ñ ¬¸» »¨¸¿«­¬ ¹¿­ «²¼»®¹±»­ ­»´»½¬·ª» ½¿¬¿´§¬·½ ®»¼«½¬·±² ¬®±«¹¸¬ ·²¶»½¬·±² ±º «®»¿ øÜÛÚô ß¼Þ´«»r÷ò ß ¼·»­»´ °¿®¬·½«´¿¬»

É·¼» Ê¿®·»¬§ ±º Û¯«·°³»²Ì¸» ª¿®·»¬§ ±º º®±²¬ ¿²¼ ®»¿® »¯«·°³»²¬ »²­«®»­ ¬¸» °»®º»½¬

»²¹·²» ­°»»¼ô ·² ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ݱ³³±²óο·´ ·²¶»½¬·±²ô »²­«®»­ ±°¬·³·¦»¼ ½§´·²¼»® ½¸¿®¹·²¹ ¿²¼ô ·² ¬«®²ô »ª»² ³±®»

¾«½µ»¬ô ©¿­¬» ¸¿²¼´·²¹ ¾«½µ»¬ô ®»¿® ®·°°»®ô ©·²½¸ ¿²¼ ¼®¿©ó ¾¿® ¿®» ¿´´ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´»ò ˲¼»®½¿®®·¿¹» ©·¬¸ ન®§ Þ«­¸·²¹­ ß­ ¬¸» °»®º»½¬ º»¿¬«®» ©¸»² ©±®µ·²¹ ±² ª»®§ ¿¾®¿­·ª» ¹®±«²¼ô øÚÌÞ÷ò ̸» ´¿®¹»ô º®»»ó¬«®²·²¹ ¾«­¸·²¹­ ³·²·³·¦» ¬®¿½µ ¿²¼ ­°®±½µ»¬ ©»¿®å ·² ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ½¸¿·² ´·²µ­ ¿²¼ ®±´´»®­ ¸¿ª» »ª»² ³±®» ©»¿® ³¿¬»®·¿´ò ̸·­ »¨¬»²¼­ ¬¸» ­»®ª·½» ´·º» ±º ¬¸» »²¬·®»

ó ³±­¬ ¬¸» »²¬·®» ­°»»¼ ®¿²¹»ò ײ ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ·²¬»´ó ´·¹»²¬ ©±®µ·²¹ ¸§¼®¿«´·½­ô ¬¸» »²¹·²»Ž­ °±©»® ·­ ¬®¿²­³·¬¬»¼

Ô±©»® ÝÑ î Û³·­­·±²­ É·¬¸ »¨¸¿«­¬ »³·­­·±² ª¿´«»­ ¬¸¿¬ ½±³°´§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ³±­­¬®·²¹»²¬ ´»¹·­´¿¬·±² ¿²¼ »ª»² ¹®»¿¬»® º«»´ »½±²±³§ ¬¸¿² ¬¸¿±º °®»ª·±«­ ³±¼»´­ô ¬¸» Ô·»¾¸»®® ÔÎ êíê ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»® ­»¬­ ²»© ­¬¿²¼¿®¼­ º±® »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ º®·»²¼´·²»­­ò ̸» »½±´±¹·ó ½¿´ º±±¬°®·²¬Œ ·­ ­³¿´´»® ¬¸¿² »ª»®ò

Û¯«·°³»²¬ º±® Í°»½·¿´ ß°°´·½¿¬·±²­ ß°°´·½¿¬·±²­ ­«½¸ ¿­ ¸¿²¼´·²¹ ±º ©¿­¬» ³¿¬»®·¿´­ °´¿½» ³¿¶±® ¼»³¿²¼­ ±² ¬¸» ª»®­¿¬·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ¬±«¹¸²»­­ ±º ¬¸» ³¿½¸·²»­ò ó ½·»²½§ ¿²¼ ¿ ´±²¹ ­»®ª·½» ´·º»ô »ª»² «²¼»® ¬¸»­» ¸¿®­¸ ±°»®ó ¿¬·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ò

ÔÎ êíê Û½±óÓ±¼» ‹ ̸» ­»´»½¬¿¾´» Û½±óÓ±¼» ®»¼«½»­ ¬¸» »²¹·²» ­°»»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» °®»­­ ±º ¿ ¾«¬¬±² ¿²¼ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ ´±©»®­ º«»´ ½±²­«³°¬·±²ò ×¼»¿´ º±® ³»¼·«³ ¿²¼ ´·¹¸¬ ©»·¹¸¬ ¼«¬§ò ‹ ׺ ¬¸» ³¿½¸·²» ·¼´»­ º±® ¿² »¨¬»²¼»¼ °»®·±¼ ±º ¬·³»ô ¬¸» »²¹·²» ½¿² ­¸«¬ ¼±©² ¿«¬±³¿¬·½¿´´§ ¿²¼ ¿ª±·¼ ©¿­¬·²¹ º«»´ ²»»¼ó ´»­­´§ ø±°¬·±²¿´÷ò

‹

ß´©¿§­ ײº±®³»¼ ©·¬¸ Ô·ÜßÌ ‹ ̸» Ô·»¾¸»®® Ô·ÜßÌ ¼¿¬¿ ¬®¿²­³·­­·±² ¿²¼

‹ Ó¿²§ ½±³°±²»²¬­ ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ±°¬·³«³ °®±¬»½¬·±² ¿­ ©»´´ ¿­ ´±²¹ ­»®ª·½» ´·º»ò

‹ ˬ·´·¦·²¹ ¬¸» ´¿¬»­¬ ½±³³«²·½¿¬·±² ¬»½¸²±ó ´±¹§ô Ô·ÜßÌ °®±ª·¼»­ »¨¬»²­·ª» ·²º±®³¿¬·±² ±² ³¿½¸·²» ±°»®¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ·² ¬¸·­ ©¿§ »²­«®»­ »½±²±³·½¿´ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ô ±°¬·ó ³·¦»¼ ­»®ª·½» ½¿´´ ­½¸»¼«´·²¹ ¿²¼ ®»³±¬» ³±²·¬±®·²¹ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

é

λ´·¿¾·´·¬§

α¾«­¬ Ü»­·¹² ·² Ûª»®§ λ¹¿®¼ ̱¼¿§Ž­ ½±²­¬®«½¬·±² ­·¬»­ ®»¯«·®» ³¿½¸·²»­ ©·¬¸ ³¿¨·³«³ ª»®­¿¬·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ®«¹¹»¼²»­­ò Ý®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»®­ º®±³ Ô·»¾¸»®® ³»»¬ ¬¸»­» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ ·² ¿² ·¼»¿´ ³¿²²»®æ ̸¿²µ­ ¬± ½±³°±²»²¬­ ¼»­·¹²»¼ ó ¬·±²­ô §±« ½¿² »¨°»½¬ ³¿¨·³«³ ¿ª¿·´¿¾·´·¬§ò

è

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

Ô·»¾¸»®® Ü®·ª»´·²»

Ϋ¹¹»¼ Ü»­·¹²

Ô±²¹óÔ¿­¬·²¹ Û²¹·²»­ Ü·»­»´ »²¹·²»­ º®±³ Ô·»¾¸»®® ¸¿ª» °±©»®»¼ ½±²­¬®«½¬·±² ³¿½¸·²»®§ ¿®±«²¼ ¬¸» ©±®´¼ º±® ¼»½¿¼»­ò Ü»ª»´±°»¼ º±® ¬¸» ¸¿®­¸»­¬ ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ô ¬¸»·® ®«¹¹»¼ ½±²­¬®«½¬·±² ¿²¼ ´±© ²±³·²¿´ ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ­°»»¼ ¹«¿®¿²¬»» ³¿¨·³«³ ®»´·¿¾·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ¿ ´±²¹ ­»®ª·½» ´·º»ò

Ó¿·² Ú®¿³» ©·¬¸ Ю±ª»² Þ±¨óÍ»½¬·±² Ü»­·¹² ̸» ³¿·² ¿²¼ ¬®¿½µ ®±´´»® º®¿³»­ ¿®» ½±²­¬®«½¬»¼ ·² ¿ °®±ªó »² ¾±¨ó­»½¬·±² ¼»­·¹² ©¸·½¸ °®±ª·¼»­ ³¿¨·³«³ ¬±®­·±²¿´ ®»­·­¬¿²½» ¿²¼ ±°¬·³¿´ ¿¾­±®°¬·±² ±º º±®½»­ò ݱ³°±²»²¬­ ­«¾¶»½¬»¼ ¬± ¸·¹¸ ´±¿¼­ ¿®» ³¿²«º¿½¬«®»¼ º®±³ ½¿­¬ ­¬»»´ò

É»¿®óÚ®»» Ü®·ª» ݱ²½»°Ì¸» °®±ª»² Ô·»¾¸»®® ¸§¼®±­¬¿¬·½ ¬®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª»ô ©·¬¸ ·¬­ ¸·¹¸ °»®º±®³¿²½» ¸§¼®¿«´·½ °«³°­ ¿²¼ »²¹·²»­ô ±°»®¿¬»­ ª·®¬«ó ¿´´§ º®»» ±º ©»¿®ò Þ¿­»¼ ±² ±ª»® í𠧻¿®­ ±º »¨°»®·»²½» ·² ´»ª»´ ±º ®»´·¿¾·´·¬§ò

Ñ°¬·³·¦»¼ Û¯«·°³»²Ì¸» ´·º¬·²¹ º®¿³»Ž­ ¬±«¹¸ Æóµ·²»³¿¬·½­ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¸¿®¼ó©»¿®·²¹ ¾«½µ»¬­ ¿®» ³¿¼» ±º ¸·¹¸ó¹®¿¼» ­¬»»´ ¬± »²­«®» ³¿½¸·²» ®»´·ó ¿¾·´·¬§ ¿²¼ ¼«®¿¾·´·¬§ò ̸» ¼»­·¹² ·­ ´±©ó³¿·²¬»²¿²½» ¿­ ¾»¿®ó ·²¹ °±·²¬­ ¿®» ¿½½»­­·¾´» º®±³ ¹®±«²¼ ´»ª»´ò ̸» ¹»²»®±«­´§ ¼·³»²­·±²»¼ ®·°°»® ·­ ·¼»¿´ ¿²¼ ¸·¹¸´§ »ºó º»½¬·ª» »ª»² ·² ¸»¿ª§ó¼«¬§ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²­ô ³¿µ·²¹ ¬¸» Ô·»¾¸»®®

Ô±²¹óÔ¿­¬·²¹ Ú·²¿´ Ü®·ª»­ »¨¬®»³»´§ ®±¾«­¬ ¿²¼ ¼»­·¹²»¼ º±® ¬¸» ¸»¿ª·»­¬ ´±¿¼­ò ܱ«ó ¾´» ³»½¸¿²·½¿´ ­»¿´­ ©·¬¸ ³±²·¬±®·²¹ º±® ´»¿µ­ »²­«®» ®»´·¿¾´» ±°»®¿¬·±²ò

Ú®±³ ¬¸» ͽ®»»² ¬± ¬¸» ݱ²­¬®«½¬·±² Í·¬» ‹ Ñ°¬·³·¦»¼ ´¿§±«¬æ ݱ³°±²»²¬­ ¿®» ¿²¿´§¦»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿·¼ ±º ¬¸» ´¿¬»­¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ­±º¬©¿®» ¿­ »¿®´§ ¿­ ¬¸» ¼»­·¹² °¸¿­»ò ‹ Û¨¬»²­·ª» ¬»­¬ ¾»²½¸ ®«²­ ¿®» ¬¸» ²»¨·³°±®¬¿²¬ ­¬»° ·² ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °®±½»­­ò ‹ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ »²­«®» ³¿¨·³«³ ³¿½¸·²» ¿ª¿·´¿¾·´·¬§ò

ß² ײ¬»´´·¹»²¬ ݱ±´·²¹ ͧ­¬»³ ß ¸§¼®¿«´·½¿´´§ ¼®·ª»² º¿² ·­ ¿½¬·ª¿¬»¼ ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ¬± ®»¹«ó ´¿¬» ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ¬»³°»®¿¬«®» ·²¼»°»²¼»²¬´§ ±º ¬¸» »²¹·²»Ž­ ­°»»¼ò ̸·­ ¹«¿®¿²¬»»­ ­¸±®¬ ©¿®³ó«° ¬·³»­ ¿²¼ ®»´·¿¾´» ½±±´·²¹ Š »ª»² ·² »¨¬®»³»´§ ¼«­¬§ ­«®®±«²¼·²¹­ò ß ®»ª»®­·¾´» º¿² ·­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» º±® ³¿½¸·²»­ ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ·² ­°»½·¿´ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²­ò

Õ»§ Ì»½¸²±´±¹·»­ º®±³ Ô·»¾¸»®® ‹ Ô·»¾¸»®® ¸¿­ ¼»½¿¼»­ ±º »¨°»®·»²½» ·² ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ô ¼»­·¹²·²¹ ¿²¼ ³¿²«º¿½¬«®ó ³¿¨·³«³ ®»´·¿¾·´·¬§ò ‹ ׳°±®¬¿²¬ µ»§ ½±³°±²»²¬­ ­«½¸ ¿­ ¼·»­»´ »²¹·²»­ô ¼·­¬®·¾«¬·±² ¹»¿®¾±¨»­ô ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ³¿²«º¿½¬«®»¼ ·² ±«® ±©² º¿½·´·¬§ô ±°¬·³·¦»¼ º±® ½±³¾·²»¼ ±°»®¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ®»°®»­»²¬ ¬¸» ¸·¹¸»­¬ ¯«¿´·¬§ò

Ô·»¾¸»®® Ô«¾®·½¿²¬­ ¿²¼ Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ Ú´«·¼­ ‹ Ò±©¿¼¿§­ ´«¾®·½¿²¬­ ¿®» ½±²­·¼»®»¼ ¬± ¾» ¿ ¼»­·¹² »´»³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¿®» ¬¸»®»º±®» ¿ ³¿¶±® ½±³°±²»²¬ ±º ¿´´ ³±¼»®² ½±²­¬®«½ó ¬·±² ³¿½¸·²»­ò ‹

Ô·»¾¸»®® ³¿½¸·²»­ ¿²¼ »²­«®» »¨½»´´»²¼«®¿¾·´·¬§ º±® ¿´´ ½±³°±²»²¬­ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ´±©ó »­¬ °±­­·¾´» ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ½±­¬­ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ç

ݱ³º±®¬

ݱ³º±®¬ô Í°¿½» ¿²¼ Û®¹±²±³·½­æ ß´´ ·² Ѳ» ̸» ©±®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿ ·² ¬¸» ¹»²»®¿¬·±² ê Ô·»¾¸»®® ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»®­ ·­ ½¸¿®¿½¬»®·¦»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» »¨½»°¬·±²¿´ ó ±«¬ô ¯«·»¬ ¿²¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¾»­¬ °±­­·¾´» ª·­·¾·´·¬§ô ¬¸» Ô·»¾¸»®® ½±³º±®¬ ½¿¾ °®±ª·¼»­ ¬¸» ·¼»¿´ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ º±® ½±²½»²¬®¿¬»¼ ©±®µô ©·¬¸±«¬ º¿¬·¹«»ò

ïð

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

Ü»´«¨» Ý¿¾

Í·³°´» ¿²¼ ײ¬«·¬·ª» Ñ°»®¿¬·±²

Û®¹±²±³·½ ¿²¼ Ы®°±­»´§ Ü»­·¹²»¼ ̸» ©»´´ó¬¸±«¹¸¬ó±«¬ ¼»­·¹² ±º ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±®Ž­ ½¿¾ °®±ª·¼»­ ¬¸» ¾»­¬ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ º±® ®»´¿¨»¼ ¿²¼ °®±¼«½¬·ª» ©±®µò ß´´ ·²­¬®«³»²¬­ ¿²¼ ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ½±²¬®±´­ ¿®» ±®¹¿²·¦»¼ ´±¹·½¿´´§ ¿²¼ »®¹±²±³·½¿´´§ô ¿²¼ ¿®» »¿­·´§ ®»¿½¸»¼ò ß² «²±¾­¬®«½¬»¼ ª·»© ±º ¬¸» ©±®µ »¯«·°³»²¬ ¿²¼ °»®º»½¬ ¿´´ó®±«²¼ ª·­·¾·´·¬§ ¿´´±©­ ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±® ¬± ½±²½»²¬®¿¬» º«´´§ ±² ¬¸» ¬¿­µ ¿¬ ¸¿²¼ò

Í·²¹´»óÔ»ª»® ݱ²¬®±´ ß´´ ¼®·ª·²¹ º«²½¬·±²­ ½¿² ¾» ½±²¬®±´´»¼ ­³±±¬¸´§ ¿²¼ °®»½·­»´§ ©·¬¸ ±²´§ ±²» ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ´»ª»® Š ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» ¬«®²·²¹ ±² ¬¸» ­°±¬Œ º«²½¬·±²ò ̸» ¬®¿ª»´ ¶±§­¬·½µ ·­ ±°¬·±²¿´´§ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ·² »·ó ¬¸»® ¿ °®±°±®¬·±²¿´ ±® Ê󴻪»®Œ ª»®­·±² ·²½´«¼·²¹ º±±¬ó°»¼¿´

ݱ²ª»²·»²½» ·² Ü¿·´§ Ë­» Ý¿®»º«´´§ ½±²­·¼»®»¼ ¼»¬¿·´­ ­«½¸ ¿­ ¿¼¶«­¬¿¾´» ¿®³®»­¬­ô ¿ ª¿®·»¬§ ±º ­¬±©¿¹» ±°¬·±²­ô ¿ ½±±´»¼ ­¬±®¿¹» ½±³°¿®¬³»²¿²¼ ¿ °±©»®º«´ ¿·® ½±²¼·¬·±²·²¹ ­§­¬»³ ·³°®±ª» ¬¸» ±°»®¿ó ¬±®Ž­ ½±³º±®¬ ¿²¼ ¾±±­¬ ¼¿·´§ °®±¼«½¬·ª·¬§ò

Í¿º»¬§óд«­ ݱ³º±®¬ Í»¿Ì¸» ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿·®ó­°®«²¹ ­»¿¬ ¿¼¶«­¬­ °»®º»½¬´§ ¬± ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±® ¿²¼ ¼»¿½¬·ª¿¬»­ ¬¸» ³¿½¸·²» ¿«¬±³¿¬·½¿´´§ ±² »¨·¬·²¹ ¬¸» ½¿¾ò

Ï«·»¬ ¿²¼ Ü«­¬óÚ®»» ¼·»­»´ »²¹·²»­ô ¬¸» Ô·»¾¸»®® ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»®­ º»¿¬«®»­ »¨»³ó °´¿®§ ²±·­» ´»ª»´­ ¬¸¿¬ ´·» ©»´´ ¾»´±© ¬¸» ´»¹¿´ ´·³·¬­ò ̸» °®»­ó ­«®·¦»¼ ½¿¾ µ»»°­ ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±®Ž­ »²ª·®±²³»²¬ º®»» ±º ¼«­º®±³ ¬¸» ­«®®±«²¼·²¹­ò

ײ¼·ª·¼«¿´ Í»¬óË° ‹ ̸» ·²¬«·¬·ª» ¬±«½¸ó­½®»»² ¼·­°´¿§ ½±²¬·²«±«­´§ °®±ª·¼»­ ¿´´ ·³°±®¬¿²±°»®¿¬·²¹ ¼¿¬¿ò ‹ ߬ ¬¸» ­¿³» ¬·³»ô ¬¸» ¼·­°´¿§ ­½®»»² ¿´­± ­»®ª»­ ¿­ ¿ ³±²·¬±® º±® ¬¸» ®»ª»®­·²¹ ½¿³»®¿ò ‹ ߬ ¬¸» °«­¸ ±º ¿ ¾«¬¬±²ô ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±® ½¿² ¿¼¶«­¬ ¿ ©·¼» ª¿®·»¬§ ±º ³¿½¸·²» ­»¬¬·²¹­ Š »ò¹òô ¬¸» ®»­°±²­» ±º ¬¸» ¬®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» Š °®»½·­»´§ ¬± ¸·­ ²»»¼­ò

²»»¼­ ±º ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±®ò

̸» ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ Ü®·ª» ¿­ Í»®ª·½» Þ®¿µ» ̸» ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»® ²»ª»® ´±­»­ ¬®¿½¬·±² »ª»² ©¸»² ¼®·ª·²¹ ±² ­´±°»­ò ̸¿²µ­ ¬± ¬¸» ­»´ºó´±½µ·²¹ ²¿¬«®» ±º ¬¸» ¸§¼®±­¬¿¬·½ ¼®·ª» ­§­¬»³ô ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±® ½¿² ¾®·²¹ ¬¸» ³¿½¸·²» ¬± ¿ ­¬±° ¿¬ ¿²§ ¬·³» ­·³°´§ ¾§ ¾®·²¹·²¹ ¬¸» ¶±§­¬·½µ ¬± ¬¸» ²»«¬®¿´Œ °±­·¬·±²ò ß² ¿«¬±³¿¬·½¿´´§ ¿½¬·ª¿¬»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ¾®¿µ» °®±ª·¼»­ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ­¿º»¬§ò

Ê·­·¾·´·¬§ ã Í¿º»¬§ ‹ ̸» ®»ª»®­·²¹ ½¿³»®¿ ½±³»­ ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ »²¸¿²½»­ ­¿º»¬§ ±² ¬¸» ½±²­¬®«½¬·±² ­·¬» ¿­ ©»´´ ¿­ ¸»´°·²¹ ¬± ·³°®±ª» °®±¼«½¬·ª·¬§ ©¸»² «­·²¹ ¬¸» ®·°°»®ò ‹ ̸» ½¿³»®¿ ·­ °»®³¿²»²¬´§ ¿½¬·ª» ¿²¼ ©¸»² ®»ª»®­·²¹ô ¬¸» ·³¿¹» ½¿² ¾» ­»´»½¬»¼ ·² »·¬¸»® ­³¿´´ ±® ´¿®¹» º±®³¿¬ò

п²±®¿³·½ É·²¼±©­ ‹ ß °´«­ º±® ­¿º»¬§ ¿²¼ °®±¼«½¬·ª·¬§æ ¬¸» º®±²¬ ­½®»»² »¨¬»²¼­ ¿ ´±²¹ ©¿§ ¼±©² ¬± ¹·ª» ¬¸» ¾»­¬ °±­­·¾´» ª·»© ±º ¬¸» ©±®µ·²¹ »¯«·°³»²¬ò ‹ ̸» ½¿¾Ž­ ·²¬»¹®¿¬»¼ ÎÑÐÍ ñ ÚÑÐÍ °®±¬»½¬·±² ¿´­± »²­«®»­ «²³¿¬½¸»¼ ¿´´ó®±«²¼ ª·­·¾·´·¬§ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ïï

Ó¿·²¬¿·²¿¾·´·¬§

Í·³°´» Ó¿·²¬»²¿²½» ¿²¼ ¿² Û¨¬»²­·ª» Í»®ª·½» Ò»¬©±®µ ̸¿²µ­ ¬± ¬¸»·® ³·²·³¿´ ³¿·²¬»²¿²½» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ô Ô·»¾¸»®® ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»®­ ³¿µ» ¿ ®»´·¿¾´» ½±²ó ­¬®«½¬«®»­ ¿²¼ º¿­¬ ­»®ª·½» ®»­°±²­» ¬·³»­ º±® ¬¸» «­»®ò

ïî

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ݱ­¬óÛºº»½¬·ª» Ó¿·²¬»²¿²½»

Ñ°¬·³¿´ д¿²²·²¹

Í·³°´» Ü¿·´§ ݸ»½µ­ ß´´ ·¬»³­ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬±® ½¸»½µ­ ¼«®ó ·²¹ ¼¿·´§ ®±«¬·²» ·²­°»½¬·±²­ ¿®» ®»¿¼·´§ ¿½½»­­·¾´» ±² ±²» ­·¼» ±º ¬¸» »²¹·²»ò ̸» ¸§¼®¿«´·½¿´´§ ¬·´¬»¼ ½¿¾ ½±³»­ ¿­ ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¿²¼ °®±ª·¼»­ »¿­§ ¿½½»­­ ¬± ½±³°±²»²¬­ ¿­ ©»´´ò Í»®ª·½» ©±®µ ½¿²

д¿²²»¼ ݱ­¬­ Ô·»¾¸»®® ½®¿©´»® ´±¿¼»®­ ½±³» ©·¬¸ »¨¬»²­·ª» ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ©¿®®¿²¬·»­ º±® ¬¸» »²¬·®» ³¿½¸·²» ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¼®·ª» ¬®¿·²ò Ý«­ó ¬±³·¦»¼ ·²­°»½¬·±² ¿²¼ ­»®ª·½» °®±ó ¹®¿³³»­ ¿´´±© ±°¬·³¿´ °´¿²²·²¹ ±º ¿´´ ³¿·²¬»²¿²½» ¿½¬·ª·¬·»­ò

Ô±²¹ Ó¿·²¬»²¿²½» ײ¬»®ª¿´­ ̸» ³¿·²¬»²¿²½» ·²¬»®ª¿´­ ¿®» ±°¬·³¿´´§ ³¿¬½¸»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ·²¼·ª·¼«¿´ ½±³°±²»²¬­ò Ó¿·²¬»²¿²½»óº®»» ³±«²¬·²¹­ ¿®» ±º¬»² «­»¼ ·² »¨°±­»¼ ¿®»¿­ò ا¼®¿«´·½ ±·´ ½¸¿²¹» ·²¬»®ª¿´­ ±º «° ¬± èôððð ±°»®ó ¿¬·²¹ ¸±«®­ ®»¼«½» ½±­¬­ ¿²¼ ³·²·³·¦» ¼±©²¬·³»ò

Û¿­§ ß½½»­­ ‹ ß´´ ­»®ª·½» °±·²¬­ ¿®» ½»²¬®¿´´§ ´±½¿¬»¼ ¿²¼ »¿­·´§ ¿½½»­­·¾´»ò ̸¿²µ­ ¬± ©·¼»ó±°»²·²¹ ¿½½»­­ ¼±±®­ô ¬¸» ¼¿·´§ ·²­°»½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ³¿½¸·²» ·­ ­·³°´» ¿²¼ ¬·³»ó­¿ª·²¹ò ‹ ̸» ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ±º ¬¸» »²¹·²» ¿®»¿

λ³¿²«º¿½¬«®·²¹ ̸» Ô·»¾¸»®® ®»³¿²«º¿½¬«®·²¹ °®±¹®¿³

̸» Ú±½«­ ·­ ±² ¬¸» Ý«­¬±³»® ݱ³°»¬»²¬ ¿¼ª·½» ·­ ¿ ¹·ª»² ¿Ô·»¾¸»®®ò Û¨°»®·»²½»¼ ­°»½·¿´·­¬ °®±ó ª·¼» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ¹«·¼¿²½» º±® §±«® ­°»ó ­¿´»­ ­«°°±®¬ô ­»®ª·½» ¿¹®»»³»²¬­ô ª¿´«»ó°®·½»¼ ®»°¿·® ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª»­ô ±®·¹·²¿´ °¿®¬­ ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ô ¿­ ©»´´ ¿­ ®»³±¬» ¼¿¬¿ ¬®¿²­³·­­·±² º±® ³¿½¸·²» °´¿²²·²¹

±º ½±³°±²»²¬­ ¬± ¬¸» ¸·¹¸»­¬ ¯«¿´·¬§ ­¬¿²¼¿®¼­ò Ê¿®·±«­ ®»½±²¼·¬·±²·²¹ ´»ªó »´­ ¿®» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´»æ λ°´¿½»³»²¬ ½±³°±ó ²»²¬­ô ¹»²»®¿´ ±ª»®¸¿«´ ±® ®»°¿·®ò ̸» ½«­¬±³»® ®»½»·ª»­ ½±³°±²»²¬­ ©·¬¸ ±®·¹·²¿´ °¿®¬ ¯«¿´·¬§ ¿¬ ¿ ®»¼«½»¼ ½±­¬ò

ݱ²¬·²«±«­ Ü·¿´±¹«» ©·¬¸ Ë­»®­ É» «¬·´·¦» ¬¸» »¨°»®¬ µ²±©´»¼¹» ¿²¼ °®¿½¬·½¿´ »¨°»®·»²½» ±º ±«® ½«­¬±³»®­ ¬± ½±²­·­¬»²¬´§ ±°¬·³·¦» ±«® ³¿½¸·²»­ ¿²¼ ­»®ª·½»­ Š ®»¿´ ­±´«¬·±²­ º±® ®»¿´ ­·¬«¿¬·±²­ò

Ì·´¬óѫݱ±´·²¹ Ú¿² ‹ ײ »­°»½·¿´´§ ¼«­¬§ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²­ô ¬¸» ­¬¿²¼ó

ο°·¼ Í°¿®» ﮬ­ Í»®ª·½» ‹ îì󸱫® ¼»´·ª»®§æ Í°¿®» °¿®¬­ ­»®ª·½» ·­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» º±® ±«® ¼»¿´»®­ ¿®±«²¼ ¬¸» ½´±½µò ‹ Û´»½¬®±²·½ ­°¿®» °¿®¬­ ½¿¬¿´±¹«»æ Ú¿­¿²¼ ®»´·¿¾´» ­»´»½¬·±² ¿²¼ ±®¼»®·²¹ ª·¿ ¬¸» Ô·»¾¸»®® ±²´·²» °±®¬¿´ò ‹ É·¬¸ ±²´·²» ¬®¿½µ·²¹ô ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ °®±½»­­ó ·²¹ ­¬¿¬«­ ±º §±«® ±®¼»® ½¿² ¾» ª·»©»¼ ¿¿²§ ¬·³»ò

¬± »¿­§ ½´»¿²·²¹ ±º ¬¸» ®¿¼·¿¬±® ­§­¬»³ò ̸» ØÜ ®¿¼·¿¬±® ¹®·´´» ®»¯«·®»­ ²± ¬±±´­ ¬± ±°»²ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ïí

Û²¹·²»

Ì®¿ª»´ Ü®·ª»ô ݱ²¬®±´

Ô·»¾¸»®® Ü·»­»´ »²¹·²»

כּ¼ °±©»® ø²»¬÷ ×ÍÑ çîìç ÍßÛ Öïíìç ×ÍÑ çîìç ÍßÛ Öïíìç כּ¼ ­°»»¼ Ü·­°´¿½»³»²Þ±®» ñ ­¬®±µ» Ü»­·¹² ײ¶»½¬·±² ­§­¬»³ Ô«¾®·½¿¬·±² Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ ª±´¬¿¹» ß´¬»®²¿¬±® ͬ¿®¬»® Þ¿¬¬»®·»­ ß·® ½´»¿²»®

ݱ±´·²¹ ­§­¬»³

Ì®¿²­³·­­·±² ­§­¬»³

ïðë µÉ ñ ïìí ØÐ ïðë µÉ ñ ïìï ØÐ ïîð µÉ ñ ïêí ØÐ ïîð µÉ ñ ïêï ØÐ îôïðð ®°³ ìòë ´ ñ îéë ·²m ïðì ³³ øìòðç ·²÷ ñ ïíî ³³ øëòî ·²÷ ì ½§´·²¼»® ·²ó´·²» »²¹·²»ô ©¿¬»®ó½±±´»¼ô ¬«®¾±½¸¿®¹»¼ô ¿·®ó¬±ó¿·® ·²¬»®½±±´»® Ü·®»½¬ º«»´ ·²¶»½¬·±²ô ݱ³³±² ο·´ô »´»½¬®±²·½ ½±²¬®±´ Ю»­­«®·­»¼ ´«¾» ­§­¬»³ô »²¹·²» ´«¾®·½¿¬·±² ¹«¿®¿²¬»»¼ º±® ·²½´·²¿¬·±²­ «° ¬± ìëpô ±² ¿´´ ­·¼»­ îì Ê ïìð ß ëòë µÉ ñ é ØÐ î ¨ ïèð ߸ ñ ïî Ê Ü®§ó¬§°» ¿·® ½´»¿²»® ©·¬¸ °®»ó½´»¿²»® ¿²¼ ¿«¬±ó ³¿¬·½ ¼«­¬ »¶»½¬±®ô ³¿·² ¿²¼ ­¿º»¬§ »´»³»²¬­ ©·¬¸ ®¿¼·¿´ ­»¿´ ݱ³¾·²¿¬·±² ½±±´»® ©·¬¸ ­·²¹´» ½±±´·²¹ «²·¬­ º±® ©¿¬»®ô ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ±·´ ¿²¼ ·²¬¿µ» ½¸¿®¹» ¿·®

ݱ±´·²¹ º¿²

Ì®¿ª»´ ­°»»¼ ö Í°»»¼ ®¿²¹» ï ø®»ª»®­»÷æ Í°»»¼ ®¿²¹» î ø®»ª»®­»÷æ Í°»»¼ ®¿²¹» í ø®»ª»®­»÷æ

Û´»½¬®±²·½ ½±²¬®±´

ͬ»»®·²¹ Í»®ª·½» ¾®¿µ» п®µ·²¹ ñ »³»®¹»²½§ ¾®¿µ» ݱ±´·²¹ ­§­¬»³ Ú·´¬»® ­§­¬»³ Ú·²¿´ ¼®·ª»

Ý´±­»¼ó´±±° ·²º·²·¬»´§ ª¿®·¿¾´» ¸§¼®±­¬¿¬·½ ¬®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» °±©»®»¼ ¾§ ¬©± ¿¨·¿´ °·­¬±² ª¿®·¿¾´»

¬®¿½µ ·­ ¼®·ª»² ·²¼»°»¼»²¬´§ º®±³ »¿½¸ ±¬¸»® ݱ²¬·²«±«­´§ ª¿®·¿¾´» ð Š ìòð µ³ñ¸ ñ îòë ³°¸ øìòë µ³ñ¸ ñ îòè ³°¸÷ ð Š êòë µ³ñ¸ ñ ìòð ³°¸ øèòð µ³ñ¸ ñ ìòç ³°¸÷ ð Š ïðòð µ³ñ¸ ñ êòî ³°¸ øïðòð µ³ñ¸ ñ êòî ³°¸÷ ö Ì®¿ª»´ ­°»»¼ ®¿²¹»­ ½¿² ¾» ­»¬ ±² ¬¸» ¬®¿ª»´ ¶±§­¬·½µ Û´»½¬®±²·½ »²¹·²» ­°»»¼ ­»²­·²¹ ½±²¬®±´ ø´±¿¼ó ­»²­·²¹ º»¿¬«®»÷ ¿«¬±³¿¬·½¿´´§ ¿¼¶«­¬­ ¬®¿ª»´ ­°»»¼ ¿²¼ ¼®¿©¾¿® °«´´ ¬± ³¿¬½¸ ½¸¿²¹·²¹ ´±¿¼ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ô «²´·³·¬»¼ ³¿²±»«ª®¿¾·´·¬§ º±® º«´´ °±©»® ¬«®²­ ¿²¼ ½±«²¬»®®±¬¿¬·±² ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ô ¼§²¿³·½ ¾®¿µ·²¹ »ºº»½¬ º®±³ ¬®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» ­§­¬»³ ©·¬¸ ²»«¬®¿´ ¶±§­¬·½µ °±­·¬·±² ا¼®¿«´·½ ±·´ ­·²¹´» «²·¬ ¾«·´¬ ·² ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ½±±´»® Ó·½®± ½¿®¬®·¼¹» º·´¬»®­ ·² ®»°´»²·­¸·²¹ ½·®½«·Ý±³¾·²¿¬·±² ­°«® ¹»¿® ©·¬¸ °´¿²»¬¿®§ ¹»¿®ô ¼±«¾´» ­»¿´»¼ ø¼«± ½±²» ­»¿´­÷ ©·¬¸ »´»½¬®±²·½ ­»¿´ó·²¬»¹®·¬§ ·²¼·½¿¬±®

ݱ²¬®±´ ¿­ ©»´´ ¿­ º±® ½±«²¬»®®±¬¿¬·±²

ا¼®¿«´·½­ ا¼®¿«´·½ ­§­¬»³ Ы³° ¬§°» Ы³° º´±© ³¿¨ò Ю»­­«®» ´·³·¬¿¬·±² Ú·´¬»® ­§­¬»³ ݱ²¬®±´

Ñ°»®¿¬±®Ž­ Ý¿¾

ÔËÜÊó­§­¬»³ Ý¿¾ ïëë ´ñ³·²ò ñ ìðòç ¹°³ ñ íìòï ׳°ò¹°³ îê𠾿® ñ íôééð °­· 묫®² º·´¬»® ©·¬¸ ³¿¹²»¬·½ ®±¼ ·² ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ¬¿²µ

Ñ°»®¿¬±®Ž­ ­»¿Ó±²·¬±®·²¹

ïì

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

λ­·´·»²¬´§ ³±«²¬»¼ ½¿¾ ©·¬¸ °±­·¬·ª» °®»­­«®» ª»²¬·´¿¬·±²ô ½¿² ¾» ¬·´¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¸¿²¼ °«³° ìðp ¬±

Ю±¬»½¬·ª» ͬ®«½¬«®» øÛÒ ×ÍÑ íììç÷ò ß¼¶«­¬¿¾´»ô ­«­°»²¼»¼ ­»¿¬ ¿¼¶«­¬¿¾´» ¬± ±°»®¿¬±®Ž­ ©»·¹¸¬

˲¼»®½¿®®·¿¹» Ó±«²¬·²¹ Ì®¿½µ ½¸¿·²­ Ô·²µ­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Í°®±½µ»¬ ­»¹³»²¬­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Ì®¿½µ ®±´´»®­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Ý¿®®·»® ®±´´»®­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ô ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ô ±°¬·±²¿´ Ù®±«­»® ¸·¹¸¬

λº·´´ Ý¿°¿½·¬·»­ зª±¬ ­¸¿º¬­ ¿²¼ »¯«¿´·¦»® ¾¿® ø½«­¸·±² ³±«²¬»¼÷ Í»¿´»¼ ¿²¼ ´«¾®·½¿¬»¼ô ¬®¿½µ ½¸¿·² ¬»²­·±² ª·¿ ¹®»¿­» ¬»²­·±²»® ¿²¼ ­¬»»´ ­°®·²¹ íè ë ê

íîð ´ ñ èìòë ¹¿´ ñ éðòì ׳°ò¹¿´ Ü·»­»´ Û¨¸¿«­¬ Ú´«·¼ øÜÛÚ÷ ¬¿²µ ݱ±´·²¹ ­§­¬»³

ìç ´ ñ ïîòðç ¹¿´ ñ ïðòè ׳°ò¹¿´ íð ´ ñ éòç ¹¿´ ñ êòê ׳°ò¹¿´ ïç ´ ñ ë ¹¿´ ñ ìòî ׳°ò¹¿´ ا¼®¿«´·½ ¬¿²µ çð ´ ñ îíòè ¹¿´ñïçòè ׳°ò¹¿´ зª±¬ ­¸¿º¬ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» ìòí ´ ñ ïòï ¹¿´ ñ ðòç ׳°ò¹¿´ Ú·²¿´ ¼®·ª»ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» ïë ´ ñ ì ¹¿´ ñ íòí ׳°ò¹¿´ Ü«± ½±²» ­»¿´ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» è ´ ñ îòï ¹¿´ ñ ïòè ׳°ò¹¿´

ï ëðè ³³ ñ îðþô ¼±«¾´» ¹®±«­»® ìëé ³³ ñ ïèþô ¼±«¾´» ¹®±«­»® ëêð ³³ ñ îîþô ¼±«¾´» ¹®±«­»® É·¼»® ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ±² ¼»³¿²¼ íë ³³ ñ ïòíè ·²

ݧ½´» Ì·³»­ Ô·º¬·²¹ êòî ­ Ü«³°·²¹ íòð ­ Ì·´¬·²¹ ¾¿½µ íòî ­ Ô±©»®·²¹ ï÷ îòî ­ ï÷ Ú´±¿¬ °±­·¬·±² ¿²¼ »³°¬§ ¾«½µ»¬

ͱ«²¼ Ô»ª»´­ Ñ°»®¿¬±® ­±«²¼ »¨°±­«®» ×ÍÑ êíçê ·² ¬¸» ½¿¾ Û¨¬»®·±® ­±«²¼ °®»­­«®» îðððñïìñÛÝ

éè

ïðç

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ïë

Ü·³»²­·±²­ ÔÎ êîê

ß Þ

Ø

Û

Ìðïëè Ü

Ú

Ý

Ù

Ü·³»²­·±²­ ß Ø»·¹¸¬ ±ª»® ½¿¾ Þ Ø»·¹¸¬ ±ª»® »¨¸¿«­¬ °·°» Ý Ô»²¹¬¸ ¬± º®±²¬ ±º ¬®¿½µ Ü Ü·­¬¿²½» ·¼´»® ñ ­°®±½µ»¬ ½»²¬»® Û Ù®±«²¼ ½´»¿®¿²½» Ú Ì®¿½µ ¹¿«¹» Ù Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ìëé ³³ ñ ïèþ Ó¿½¸·²» ©·¼¬¸ Ù Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþ Ó¿½¸·²» ©·¼¬¸ Ù Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ëêð ³³ ñ îîþ Ó¿½¸·²» ©·¼¬¸ Ø ß°°®±¿½¸ ¿²¹´»

ïê

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·²

íôïëð ïðùìþ îôêèè èùïðþ ìôêíè ïëùíþ îôìðë éùïïþ ìîð ïùëþ ïôéìð ëùçþ îôïçé éùîþ îôîìè éùëþ îôíðð éùéþ íðp

Ú®±²¬ ߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ ÔÎ êîê ëêp

ìëp ëðp Ú Ø

Ü Ù ëîp ìðp Ý Û

Ìðïëç ß

Þ

ͬ¿²¼¿®¼ Þ«½µ»Ê»®­·±² ©·¬¸

Þ±´¼ó±² ¿¼¿°¬»®­ô Ú´«­¸ ³±«²¬»¼ ©»´¼ó±² ­»¹³»²¬­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ×ÍÑ éëìê ³í ïòè ïòé §¼m îòíë îòîî Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ÍßÛ Öéìî ³í ïòè ïòé §¼m îòíë îòîî Þ®»¿µ±«¬ º±®½»ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µÒ ïîé ïíè ´¾ îèôëìï íïôðïí ͬ¿¬·½ ¬·°°·²¹ ´±¿¼ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µ¹ ïïôéêë ïîôðïï ´¾ îëôçíé îêôìèð ß Ñª»®¿´´ ´»²¹¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ ¹®±«²¼ ©·¬¸ ®»¿® ¾«³°»® ³³ êôííé êôîìê º¬ ·² îðùçþ îðùêþ Þ Þ«½µ»¬ ©·¼¬¸ô ±ª»®¿´´ î÷ ³³ îôììì îôìë𠺬 ·² èùðþ èùðþ Ý Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ¬®¿²­°±®¬ °±­·¬·±² ³³ ëìï ëìï º¬ ·² ïùçþ ïùçþ Ü Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ³¿¨ò ³³ íôêêí íôêêí º¬ ·² ïîùðþ ïîùðþ Û Ü·¹¹·²¹ ¼»°¬¸ô ³¿¨ò ³³ ïíê ïïï º¬ ·² ëòíëþ ìòíéþ Ú Ñª»®¿´´ ¸»·¹¸¬ ©·¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º³³ ëôððé ëôððé º¬ ·² ïêùëþ ïêùëþ Ù Ü«³° ½´»¿®¿²½» ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹»ô ×ÍÑ éïíï ³³ îôèìç îôçïé º¬ ·² çùìþ çùéþ Ø Î»¿½¸ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹»ô ×ÍÑ éïíï ³³ ïôðëï ïôðïè º¬ ·² íùëþ íùìþ Þ«½µ»¬ ©»·¹¸µ¹ ïôîíè ïôïîê ´¾ îôéîç îôìèî Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ ©»·¹¸¬ ï÷ µ¹ ïêôìèê ïêôíêê ´¾ íêôíìë íêôðèï Ù®±«²¼ °®»­­«®» ï÷ µ¹ñ½³î ðòêè ðòêé °­· çòêé çòëí ï÷ ײ½´«¼·²¹ ½±±´¿²¬ ¿²¼ ´«¾®·½¿²¬­ô º«´´ º«»´ ¬¿²µô ÎÑÐÍ ñ ÚÑÐÍ ½¿¾ô ±°»®¿¬±®ô ¾«½µ»¬ô ½±«²¬»®©»·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþò î÷ Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþò É·¬¸ ±¬¸»® ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ¿¬ §±«® ¼»¿´»®ò

Þ±´¼ó±² ½«¬¬·²¹ »¼¹» ïòè îòíë ïòè îòíë ïîé îèôëìï ïïôèêí îêôïëí êôííé îðùçþ îôìîð éùïïþ ëìï ïùçþ íôêêí ïîùðþ ïíê ëòíëþ ëôððé ïêùëþ îôèìç çùìþ ïôðëï íùëþ ïôïìð îôëïí ïêôëìê íêôìéè ðòêé çòëí

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ïé

Ú®±²¬ ߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ ÔÎ êîê

ëêp

ìëp ëðp Úï Øï

Ú Ø

Ü Ùï

Ù

ëîp ìðp Ý Û

Ìðïêï ß

Þ

Ó«´¬·óЫ®°±­» Þ«½µ»Ê»®­·±² ©·¬¸

Þ±´¬ó±² ¿¼¿°¬»®­ô Ú´«­¸ ³±«²¬»¼ ©»´¼ó±² ©»´¼ó±² ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ×ÍÑ éëìê ³ í ñ §¼ í ïòê ñ îòðç ïòë ñ ïòçê Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ÍßÛ Öéìî ³ í ñ §¼ í ïòê ñ îòðç ïòë ñ ïòçê Þ®»¿µ±«¬ º±®½»ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µÒ ñ ´¾ ïïí ñ îëôíçì ïîí ñ îéôêìî ͬ¿¬·½ ¬·°°·²¹ ´±¿¼ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µ¹ ñ ´¾ ïðôíéê ñ îîôèéë ïðôêïð ñ îíôíçï ß Ñª»®¿´´ ´»²¹¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ ¹®±«²¼ ©·¬¸ ®»¿® ¾«³°»® ³³ êôìéì êôíèì º¬ ·² îïùíþ îðùïïþ Þ Þ«½µ»¬ ©·¼¬¸ô ±ª»®¿´´ î÷ ³³ îôììè îôìë𠺬 ·² èùðþ èùðþ Ý Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ¬®¿²­°±®¬ °±­·¬·±² ³³ ëìï ëìï º¬ ·² ïùçþ ïùçþ Ü Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ³¿¨ò ³³ íôêêí íôêêí º¬ ·² ïîùðþ ïîùðþ Û Ü·¹¹·²¹ ¼»°¬¸ô ³¿¨ò ³³ ïèê ïêï º¬ ·² éòíîþ êòíìþ Ú Ñª»®¿´´ ¸»·¹¸¬ ©·¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ø¾«½µ»¬ ½´±­»¼÷ ³³ ëôðïë ëôðïë º¬ ·² ïêùëþ ïêùëþ Úï Ѫ»®¿´´ ¸»·¹¸¬ ©·¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ø¾«½µ»¬ ±°»²÷ ³³ ëôëçï ëôëîí º¬ ·² ïèùìþ ïèùïþ Ù Ü«³° ½´»¿®¿²½» ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ³³ îôéìí îôèïï ø¾«½µ»¬÷ô ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² çù çùíþ Ùï Ü«³° ½´»¿®¿²½» ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ø¾´¿¼»÷ô ³³ íôîëí íôîëí ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² ïðùèþ ïðùèþ Ø Î»¿½¸ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ø¾«½µ»¬÷ô ³³ ïôðèê ïôðëí ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² íùéþ íùëþ Øï λ¿½¸ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ø¾´¿¼»÷ô ³³ êîë êîë ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² îùïþ îùïþ × É·¼¬¸ ±º ±°»²·²¹ ³³ ñ º¬ ·² ïôîðï ñ íùïïþ ïôîðï ñ íùïïþ Þ«½µ»¬ ©»·¹¸µ¹ ñ ´¾ ïôêéï ñ íôêèì ïôéèî ñ íôçîç Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ ©»·¹¸¬ ï÷ µ¹ ñ ´¾ ïéôîïê ñ íéôçëë ïéôïéî ñ íéôèëè Ù®±«²¼ °®»­­«®» ï÷ µ¹ñ½³ î ñ °­· ðòéï ñ ïðòï ðòéð ñ çòçë ï÷ ײ½´«¼·²¹ ½±±´¿²¬ ¿²¼ ´«¾®·½¿²¬­ô º«´´ º«»´ ¬¿²µô ÎÑÐÍ ñ ÚÑÐÍ ½¿¾ô ±°»®¿¬±®ô ¾«½µ»¬ô ½±«²¬»®©»·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþò î÷ Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþò É·¬¸ ±¬¸»® ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ¿¬ §±«® ¼»¿´»®ò

ïè

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

Þ±´¼ó±² ½«¬¬·²¹ »¼¹» ïòê ñ îòðç ïòê ñ îòðç ïïí ñ îëôíçì ïðôìéí ñ îíôðèç êôìéì îïùíþ îôìîð éùïïþ ëìï ïùçþ íôêêí ïîùðþ ïèê éòíîþ ëôðïë ïêùëþ ëôëçï ïèùìþ îôéìí çù íôîëí ïðùèþ ïôðèê íùéþ êîë îùïþ ïôîðï ñ íùïïþ ïôêèë ñ íôéïë ïéôïêì ñ íéôèìð ðòéð ñ çòçë

λ¿® ߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ ÔÎ êîê

Ú

Û Ø Ìðïêð Ü

Ý

Ù

Ý Þ ß

íó͸¿²µ η°°»® ο¼·¿´ ß Þ»¿³ ©·¼¬¸ Þ Î·°°·²¹ ©·¼¬¸ Ý Ü·­¬¿²½» ¾»¬©»»² ­¸¿²µ­ Ü Ð»²»¬®¿¬·±² ³¿¨ò Û Ù®±«²¼ ½´»¿®¿²½»ô ³¿¨ò ¾»´±© ­¸¿²µ­ Ú ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ´»²¹¬¸ô ®·°°»® ®¿·­»¼ Ù ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ´»²¹¬¸ô ¬®¿²­°±®¬ °±­·¬·±² Ø ß°°®±¿½¸ ¿²¹´»ô ®·°°»® ®¿·­»¼ η°°»® ©»·¹¸¬ ï÷ ݸ¿²¹» ·² ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ©»·¹¸Ý¸¿²¹» ·² ¹®±«²¼ °®»­­«®» ݸ¿²¹» ·² ­¬¿¬·½ ¬·°°·²¹ ´±¿¼

³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² µ¹ ´¾ µ¹ ´¾ µ¹ñ½³î °­· µ¹ ´¾

îôðçê êùïïþ ïôèðð ëùïïþ èéð îùïð íìè ïùîþ éïë îùìþ êíè îùïþ éêç îùêþ îðp çïç îôðîê èéê ïôçíï ðòðí ðòìí ïôèëç ìôðçè

ï÷ ׺ ¬¸» ®·°°»® ·­ ³±«²¬»¼ô ²± ½±«²¬»®©»·¹¸¬ ©·´´ ¾» º·¬¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ³¿½¸·²»ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

ïç

Ü·»­»´³±¬±®

Ì®¿ª»´ Ü®·ª»ô ݱ²¬®±´

Ô·»¾¸»®® Ü·»­»´ »²¹·²»

כּ¼ °±©»® ø²»¬÷ ×ÍÑ çîìç ÍßÛ Öïíìç ×ÍÑ çîìç ÍßÛ Öïíìç כּ¼ ­°»»¼ Ü·­°´¿½»³»²Þ±®» ñ ­¬®±µ» Ü»­·¹² ײ¶»½¬·±² ­§­¬»³ Ô«¾®·½¿¬·±² Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ ª±´¬¿¹» ß´¬»®²¿¬±® ͬ¿®¬»® Þ¿¬¬»®·»­ ß·® ½´»¿²»®

ݱ±´·²¹ ­§­¬»³

Ì®¿²­³·­­·±² ­§­¬»³

ïíë µÉ ñ ïèì ØÐ ïíë µÉ ñ ïèì ØÐ ïêð µÉ ñ îïè ØÐ ïêð µÉ ñ îïì ØÐ ïòèðð éòð ´ ñ ìîé ·²m ïîî ³³ øìòèð ·²÷ ñ ïëð ³³ øëòçï ·²÷ ì ½§´·²¼»® ·²ó´·²» »²¹·²»ô ©¿¬»®ó½±±´»¼ô ¬«®¾±½¸¿®¹»¼ô ¿·®ó¬±ó¿·® ·²¬»®½±±´»® Ü·®»½¬ º«»´ ·²¶»½¬·±²ô ݱ³³±² ο·´ô »´»½¬®±²·½ ½±²¬®±´ Ю»­­«®·¦»¼ ´«¾» ­§­¬»³ô »²¹·²» ´«¾®·½¿¬·±² ¹«¿®¿²¬»»¼ º±® ·²½´·²¿¬·±²­ «° ¬± ìëpô ±² ¿´´ ­·¼»­ îì Ê ïìð ß éòè µÉ ñ ïï ØÐ î ¨ ïèð ߸ ñ ïî Ê Ü®§ó¬§°» ¿·® ½´»¿²»® ©·¬¸ °®»ó½´»¿²»® ¿²¼ ¿«¬±ó ³¿¬·½ ¼«­¬ »¶»½¬±®ô ³¿·² ¿²¼ ­¿º»¬§ »´»³»²¬­ ©·¬¸ ®¿¼·¿´ ­»¿´ ݱ³¾·²¿¬·±² ½±±´»® ©·¬¸ ­·²¹´» ½±±´·²¹ «²·¬­ º±® ©¿¬»®ô ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ±·´ ¿²¼ ·²¬¿µ» ½¸¿®¹» ¿·®

Ì®¿ª»´ ­°»»¼ ö Í°»»¼ ®¿²¹» ï ø®»ª»®­»÷æ Í°»»¼ ®¿²¹» î ø®»ª»®­»÷æ Í°»»¼ ®¿²¹» í ø®»ª»®­»÷æ

Û´»½¬®±²·½ ½±²¬®±´

ͬ»»®·²¹ Í»®ª·½» ¾®¿µ» п®µ·²¹ñ »³»®¹»²½§ ¾®¿µ» ݱ±´·²¹ ­§­¬»³ Ú·´¬»® ­§­¬»³ Ú·²¿´ ¼®·ª»

ݱ±´·²¹ º¿² ݱ²¬®±´

Ý´±­»¼ó´±±° ·²º·²·¬»´§ ª¿®·¿¾´» ¸§¼®±­¬¿¬·½ ¬®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» °±©»®»¼ ¾§ ¬©± ¿¨·¿´ °·­¬±² ª¿®·¿¾´» ¼·­ó °´¿½»³»²¬ °«³°­ ¿²¼ ¬©± ¿¨·¿´ °·­¬±² ª¿®·¿¾´» ¼·­°´¿½»³»²¬ ³±¬±®­ ·² ­©¿­¸ó°´¿¬» ¼»­·¹²ô »¿½¸ ¬®¿½µ ·­ ¼®·ª»² ·²¼»°»¼»²¬´§ º®±³ »¿½¸ ±¬¸»® ݱ²¬·²«±«­´§ ª¿®·¿¾´» ð Š ìòð µ³ñ¸ ñ îòë ³°¸ øìòë µ³ñ¸ ñ îòè ³°¸÷ ð Š êòë µ³ñ¸ ñ ìòð ³°¸ øèòð µ³ñ¸ ñ ìòç ³°¸÷ ð Š ïïòð µ³ñ¸ ñ êòè ³°¸ øïïòð µ³ñ¸ ñ êòè ³°¸÷ ö Ì®¿ª»´ ­°»»¼ ®¿²¹»­ ½¿² ¾» ­»¬ ±² ¬¸» ¬®¿ª»´ ¶±§­¬·½µ Û´»½¬®±²·½ »²¹·²» ­°»»¼ ­»²­·²¹ ½±²¬®±´ ø´±¿¼ó ­»²­·²¹ º»¿¬«®»÷ ¿«¬±³¿¬·½¿´´§ ¿¼¶«­¬­ ¬®¿ª»´ ­°»»¼ ¿²¼ ¼®¿©¾¿® °«´´ ¬± ³¿¬½¸ ½¸¿²¹·²¹ ´±¿¼ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ô «²´·³·¬»¼ ³¿²±»«ª®¿¾·´·¬§ º±® º«´´ °±©»® ¬«®²­ ¿²¼ ½±«²¬»®®±¬¿¬·±² ا¼®±­¬¿¬·½ô ¼§²¿³·½ ¾®¿µ·²¹ »ºº»½¬ º®±³ ¬®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» ­§­¬»³ Ó«´¬·ó¼·­½ ¾®¿µ»ô ©»¿®óº®»»ô ¿«¬±³¿¬·½¿´´§ ¿°°´·»¼ ©·¬¸ ²»«¬®¿´ ¶±§­¬·½µ °±­·¬·±² ا¼®¿«´·½ ±·´ ½±±´»® ·²¬»¹®¿¬»¼ ·²¬± ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ½±±´»® Ó·½®± ½¿®¬®·¼¹» º·´¬»®­ ·² ®»°´»²·­¸·²¹ ½·®½«·Ý±³¾·²¿¬·±² ­°«® ¹»¿® ©·¬¸ °´¿²»¬¿®§ ¹»¿®ô ¼±«¾´» ­»¿´»¼ ø¼«± ½±²» ­»¿´­÷ ©·¬¸ »´»½¬®±²·½ ­»¿´ó·²¬»¹®·¬§ ·²¼·½¿¬±® Í·²¹´» ¶±§­¬·½µ º±® ¿´´ ¬®¿ª»´ ¿²¼ ­¬»»®·²¹ º«²½ó ¬·±²­ô ¿­ ©»´´ ¿­ º±® ½±«²¬»®®±¬¿¬·±²

ا¼®¿«´·½­ ا¼®¿«´·½ ­§­¬»³ Ы³° ¬§°» Ы³° º´±© ³¿¨ò Ю»­­«®» ´·³·¬¿¬·±² Ú·´¬»® ­§­¬»³ ݱ²¬®±´

ÔËÜÊó­§­¬»³ îðç ´ñ³·²ò ñ ëëòî ¹°³ ñ ìêòð ׳°ò¹°³ îê𠾿® ñ íôééð °­· 묫®² º·´¬»® ©·¬¸ ³¿¹²»¬·½ ®±¼ ·² ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ¬¿²µ

Ñ°»®¿¬±®Ž­ Ý¿¾ Ý¿¾

Ñ°»®¿¬±®Ž­ ­»¿Ó±²·¬±®·²¹

îð

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

λ­·´·»²¬´§ ³±«²¬»¼ ½¿¾ ©·¬¸ °±­·¬·ª» °®»­­«®» ª»²¬·´¿¬·±²ô ½¿² ¾» ¬·´¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¸¿²¼ °«³° ìðp ¬± ͬ®«½¬«®» øÛÒ ×ÍÑ íìéï÷ ¿²¼ ÚÑÐÍ Ú¿´´·²¹ Ѿ¶»½¬­ Ю±¬»½¬·ª» ͬ®«½¬«®» øÛÒ ×ÍÑ íììç÷ò ß·®ó­«­°»²¼»¼ ½±³º±®¬ ­»¿¬ô º«´´§ ¿¼¶«­¬¿¾´»

˲¼»®½¿®®·¿¹» Ó±«²¬·²¹ Ì®¿½µ ½¸¿·²­ Ô·²µ­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Í°®±½µ»¬ ­»¹³»²¬­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Ì®¿½µ ®±´´»®­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Ý¿®®·»® ®±´´»®­ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ô ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ô ±°¬·±²¿´ Ù®±«­»® ¸·¹¸¬

λº·´´ Ý¿°¿½·¬·»­ зª±¬ ­¸¿º¬­ ¿²¼ »¯«¿´·¦»® ¾¿® ø½«­¸·±² ³±«²¬»¼÷ Í»¿´»¼ ¿²¼ ´«¾®·½¿¬»¼ô ¬®¿½µ ½¸¿·² ¬»²­·±² ª·¿ ¹®»¿­» ¬»²­·±²»® ¿²¼ ­¬»»´ ­°®·²¹ íè ë ê ï ëêð ³³ ñ îîþô ¼±«¾´» ¹®±«­»® ëðè ³³ ñ îðþô ¼±«¾´» ¹®±«­»® êïð ³³ ñ îìþô ¼±«¾´» ¹®±«­»® É·¼»® ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ìîòë ³³ ñ ïòêé ·²

ͱ«²¼ Ô»ª»´­ Ñ°»®¿¬±® ­±«²¼ »¨°±­«®» ×ÍÑ êíçê ·² ¬¸» ½¿¾ Û¨¬»®·±® ­±«²¼ °®»­­«®» îðððñïìñÛÝ

ìðð ´ ñ ïðëòê ¹¿´ ñ èè ׳°ò¹¿´ Ü·»­»´ Û¨¸¿«­¬ Ú´«·¼ øÜÛÚ÷ ¬¿²µ ݱ±´·²¹ ­§­¬»³

ìç ´ ñ ïîòç ¹¿´ ñ ïðòè ׳°ò¹¿´ ìî ´ ñ ïïòï ¹¿´ ñ çòî ׳°ò¹¿´ îç ´ ñ éòé ¹¿´ ñ êòì ׳°ò¹¿´ Í°´·¬¬»® ¾±¨ ëòí ´ ñ ïòì ¹¿´ ñ ïòî ׳°ò¹¿´ ا¼®¿«´·½ ¬¿²µ èê ´ ñ îîòé ¹¿´ ñ ïèòç ׳°ò¹¿´ зª±¬ ­¸¿º¬ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» ë ´ ñ ïòí ¹¿´ ñ ïòï ׳°ò¹¿´ Ú·²¿´ ¼®·ª»ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» îð ´ ñ ëòí ¹¿´ ñ ìòì ׳°ò¹¿´ Ü«± ½±²» ­»¿´ô »¿½¸ ­·¼» çòë ´ ñ îòë ¹¿´ ñ îòï ׳°ò¹¿´

ݧ½´» Ì·³»­ Ô·º¬·²¹ êòì ­ Ü«³°·²¹ ø¿¬ ³¿¨ò ¸»·¹¸¬÷ ïòë ­ Ì·´¬·²¹ ¾¿½µ ø¿¬ ³¿¨ò ¸»·¹¸¬÷ îòð ­ Ô±©»®·²¹ ï÷ îòê ­ ï÷ Ú´±¿¬ °±­·¬·±² ¿²¼ »³°¬§ ¾«½µ»¬

éè

ïïð

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

îï

Ü·³»²­·±²­ ÔÎ êíê

ß Þ

Ø

Û Ìðïïî

Ü

Ú

Ý

Ù

Ü·³»²­·±²­ ß Ø»·¹¸¬ ±ª»® ½¿¾ Þ Ø»·¹¸¬ ±ª»® »¨¸¿«­¬ °·°» Ý Ô»²¹¬¸ ¬± º®±²¬ ±º ¬®¿½µ Ü Ü·­¬¿²½» ·¼´»® ñ ­°®±½µ»¬ ½»²¬»® Û Ù®±«²¼ ½´»¿®¿²½» Ú Ì®¿½µ ¹¿«¹» Ù Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþ Ó¿½¸·²» ©·¼¬¸ Ù Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ëêð ³³ ñ îîþ Ó¿½¸·²» ©·¼¬¸ Ù Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ êïð ³³ ñ îìþ Ó¿½¸·²» ©·¼¬¸ Ø ß°°®±¿½¸ ¿²¹´» ï÷ Ì®¿½µ ¹«¿®¼ ©·¬¸ êïð ³³ ñ îìþ ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­æ ïôçìð ³³ ñ êùìþ

îî

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·²

íôííð ïðùïïþ îôèêê çùëþ ìôçìð ïêùîþ îôëèð èùêþ ìèí ïùéþ ïôèððï÷ ëùïïþ îôíðè éùéþ îôíêð éùçþ îôëëð èùìþ íðp

Ú®±²¬ ߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ ÔÎ êíê

ëêp

ìëp ìép Ú Ø Ü Ù ëîp ìðp Ý Ìðïïí

Û

ß

Þ

ͬ¿²¼¿®¼ Þ«½µ»Ê»®­·±² ©·¬¸

Þ±´¬ó±² ¿¼¿°¬»®­ô Ú´«­¸ ³±«²¬»¼ ©»´¼ó±² ­»¹³»²¬­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ×ÍÑ éëìê ³í îòì îòí §¼m íòïì íòðï Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ÍßÛ Öéìî ³í îòë îòí §¼m íòîé íòðï Þ®»¿µ±«¬ º±®½»ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µÒ ïêì ïèð ´¾ íêôèëê ìðôìëï ͬ¿¬·½ ¬·°°·²¹ ´±¿¼ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µ¹ ïìôëéï ïìôíçí ´¾ íîôïîì íïôéíï ß Ñª»®¿´´ ´»²¹¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ ¹®±«²¼ ©·¬¸ ®»¿® ¾«³°»® ³³ êôçèì êôèêè º¬ ·² îîùïþ îîùêþ Þ Þ«½µ»¬ ©·¼¬¸ô ±ª»®¿´´ î÷ ³³ îôëîç îôëð𠺬 ·² èùìþ èùîþ Ý Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ¬®¿²­°±®¬ °±­·¬·±² ³³ ëéê ëéê º¬ ·² ïùïïþ ïùïïþ Ü Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ³¿¨ò ³³ ìôðëï ìôðëï º¬ ·² ïíùìþ ïíùìþ Û Ü·¹¹·²¹ ¼»°¬¸ô ³¿¨ò ³³ ïëï ïîï º¬ ·² ëòçìþ ìòéêþ Ú Ñª»®¿´´ ¸»·¹¸¬ ©·¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º³³ ëôìéé ëôìéé º¬ ·² ïèù ïèù Ù Ü«³° ½´»¿®¿²½» ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹»ô ×ÍÑ éïíï ³³ íôðëç íôïìê º¬ ·² ïðùðþ ïðùìþ Ø Î»¿½¸ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹»ô ×ÍÑ éïíï ³³ ïôîìì ïôïçë º¬ ·² ìùïþ íùïïþ Þ«½µ»¬ ©»·¹¸µ¹ ïôéðë ïôëíç ´¾ íôéëç íôíçí Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ ©»·¹¸¬ ï÷ µ¹ îïôëèé îïôðéì ´¾ ìéôëçï ìêôìêð Ù®±«²¼ °®»­­«®» ï÷ µ¹ñ½³î ðòéë ðòéí °­· ïðòêé ïðòíè ï÷ ײ½´«¼·²¹ ½±±´¿²¬ ¿²¼ ´«¾®·½¿²¬­ô º«´´ º«»´ ¬¿²µô ÎÑÐÍñÚÑÐÍ ½¿¾ô ±°»®¿¬±®ô ¾«½µ»¬ô ½±«²¬»®©»·¹¸¬ø­÷ ¿²¼ ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëêð ³³ ñ îîþò î÷ Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëêð ³³ ñ îîþò É·¬¸ ±¬¸»® ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ¿¬ §±«® ¼»¿´»®ò

Þ±´¬ó±² ½«¬¬·²¹ »¼¹» îòì íòïì îòë íòîé ïêì íêôèëê ïìôéíï íîôìéê êôçèì îîùïïþ îôìçð èùîþ ëéê ïùïïþ ìôðëï ïíùìþ ïëï ëòçìþ ëôìéé ïèù íôðëç ïðùðþ ïôîìì ìùïþ ïôëèë íôìçì îïôìêé ìéôíîé ðòéì ïðòëî

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

îí

Ú®±²¬ ߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ ÔÎ êíê

ëêp

ìëp Úï

ìép Øï

Ú

Ø Ü Ùï

Ù ëîp ìðp Ý

Û

Ìðïïì

ß

Þ

Ó«´¬·óЫ®°±­» Þ«½µ»Ê»®­·±² ©·¬¸

Þ±´¬ó±² ¿¼¿°¬»®­ô Ú´«­¸ ³±«²¬»¼ ©»´¼ó±² ©»´¼ó±² ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ¿²¼ ­¸¿²µ­ Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ×ÍÑ éëìê ³ í ñ §¼ í îòð ñ îòêî ïòç ñ îòìç Ò±³·²¿´ ®¿¬»¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ½¿°¿½·¬§ô ÍßÛ Öéìî ³ í ñ §¼ í îòï ñ îòéë ïòç ñ îòìç Þ®»¿µ±«¬ º±®½»ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µÒ ñ ´¾ ïëë ñ íìôèíí ïêç ñ íéôçéç ͬ¿¬·½ ¬·°°·²¹ ´±¿¼ô ×ÍÑ ïìíçé µ¹ ñ ´¾ ïîôêìê ñ îéôèèð ïíôðíè ñ îèôéìì ß Ñª»®¿´´ ´»²¹¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ ¹®±«²¼ ©·¬¸ ®»¿® ¾«³°»® ³³ éôðçì êôçéè º¬ ·² îíùíþ îîùïïþ Þ Þ«½µ»¬ ©·¼¬¸ô ±ª»®¿´´ î÷ ³³ îôëîç îôëð𠺬 ·² èùìþ èùîþ Ý Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ¬®¿²­°±®¬ °±­·¬·±² ³³ ëéê ëéê º¬ ·² ïùïïþ ïùïïþ Ü Ø»·¹¸¬ ±º ¸·²¹» °·²ô ³¿¨ò ³³ ìôðëï ìôðëï º¬ ·² ïíùíþ ïíùíþ Û Ü·¹¹·²¹ ¼»°¬¸ô ³¿¨ò ³³ îîð ïç𠺬 ·² èòêêþ éòìèþ Ú Ñª»®¿´´ ¸»·¹¸¬ ©·¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ø¾«½µ»¬ ½´±­»¼÷ ³³ ëôìëè ëôìëè º¬ ·² ïéùïïþ ïéùïïþ Úï Ѫ»®¿´´ ¸»·¹¸¬ ©·¬¸ ¾«½µ»¬ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ø¾«½µ»¬ ±°»²÷ ³³ êôïêð êôðé𠺬 ·² îðùíþ ïçùïïþ Ù Ü«³° ½´»¿®¿²½» ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ³³ îôçêê íôðëí ø¾«½µ»¬÷ô ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² çùçþ ïðùðþ Ùï Ü«³° ½´»¿®¿²½» ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ø¾´¿¼»÷ô ³³ íôëéê íôëéê ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² ïîùçþ ïïùçþ Ø Î»¿½¸ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ø¾«½µ»¬÷ô ³³ ïôîíè ïôïèç ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² ìùïþ íùïïþ Øï λ¿½¸ ¿¬ º«´´ ´·º¬ ¿²¼ ìëp ¼·­½¸¿®¹» ø¾´¿¼»÷ô ³³ êçï êçï ×ÍÑ éïíï º¬ ·² îùíþ îùíþ × É·¼¬¸ ±º ±°»²·²¹ ³³ ñ º¬ ·² ïôîçð ñ ìùíþ ïôîçð ñ ìùíþ Þ«½µ»¬ ©»·¹¸µ¹ ñ ´¾ îôîèï ñ ëôðîç îôïïë ñ ìôéëï Ñ°»®¿¬·²¹ ©»·¹¸¬ ï÷ µ¹ ñ ´¾ îïôèéç ñ ìèôîíë îïôéïï ñ ìéôèêë Ù®±«²¼ °®»­­«®» ï÷ µ¹ñ½³ î ñ °­· ðòéê ñ ïðòèï ðòéë ñ ïðòêé ï÷ ײ½´«¼·²¹ ½±±´¿²¬ ¿²¼ ´«¾®·½¿²¬­ô º«´´ º«»´ ¬¿²µô ÎÑÐÍ ñ ÚÑÐÍ ½¿¾ô ±°»®¿¬±®ô ¾«½µ»¬ô ½±«²¬»®©»·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþò î÷ Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ©·¬¸ ëðè ³³ ñ îðþò É·¬¸ ±¬¸»® ¬®¿½µ ­¸±»­ ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ¿¬ §±«® ¼»¿´»®ò

îì

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

Þ±´¼ó±² ½«¬¬·²¹ »¼¹» îòð ñ îòêî îòï ñ îòéë ïëë ñ íìôèíí ïîôèðï ñ îèôîîï éôðçì îíùíþ îôìçð èùîþ ëéê ïùïïþ ìôðëï ïíùíþ îîð èòêêþ ëôìëè ïéùïïþ êôïêð îðùíþ îôçêê çùçþ íôëéê ïïùçþ ïôîíè ìùïþ êçï îùíþ ïôîçð ñ ìùíþ îôïêï ñ ìôéêì îïôéëç ñ ìéôçéð ðòéë ñ ïðòêé

λ¿® ߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ ÔÎ êíê

Ú

Û

Ø

Ìðïïë

Ü

Ý

Ù

Ý Þ ß

íó͸¿²µ η°°»® ο¼·¿´ ײ ½±³¾·²¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ß Þ»¿³ ©·¼¬¸ Þ Î·°°·²¹ ©·¼¬¸ Ý Ü·­¬¿²½» ¾»¬©»»² ­¸¿²µ­ Ü Ð»²»¬®¿¬·±² ³¿¨ò Û Ù®±«²¼ ½´»¿®¿²½»ô ³¿¨ò ¾»´±© ­¸¿²µ­ Ú ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ´»²¹¬¸ô ®·°°»® ®¿·­»¼ Ù ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ´»²¹¬¸ô ¬®¿²­°±®¬ °±­·¬·±² Ø ß°°®±¿½¸ ¿²¹´»ô ®·°°»® ®¿·­»¼ η°°»® ©»·¹¸¬ ï÷ ݸ¿²¹» ·² ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ©»·¹¸Ý¸¿²¹» ·² ¹®±«²¼ °®»­­«®» ݸ¿²¹» ·² ­¬¿¬·½ ¬·°°·²¹ ´±¿¼

³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² ³³ º¬ ·² µ¹ ´¾ µ¹ ´¾ µ¹ ñ½³ î °­· µ¹ ´¾

ͬ¿²¼¿®¼ ¾«½µ»«° ¬± íòðï §¼m îôïðð êùïïþ ïôèêð êùï çðð îùïï íêë ïùîþ èèí îùïïþ êðì îù éïë îùìþ îïp ïôïðê îôìíè çíç îôðéð ðòðí ðòìí ïôèçé ìôïèî

ͬ¿²¼¿®¼ ¾«½µ»¹®»¿¬»® ¬¸¿² íòðï §¼m îôïðð êùïïþ ïôèêð êùï çðð îùïï íêë ïùîþ èèí îùïïþ êðì îù éïë îùìþ îïp ïôïðê îôìíè ëçî ïôíðë ðòðî ðòîè ïôîèë îôèíí

Ó«´¬·ó°«®°±­» ¾«½µ»ø¿´´ ­·¦»­÷ îôïðð êùïïþ ïôèêð êùï çðð îùïï íêë ïùîþ èèí îùïïþ êðì îù éïë îùìþ îïp ïôïðê îôìíè çíç îôðéð ðòðí ðòìí ïôéêî íôèèë

ï÷ ׺ ¬¸» ®·°°»® ·­ ³±«²¬»¼ô ²± ½±«²¬»®©»·¹¸¬ ©·´´ ¾» º·¬¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ³¿½¸·²»ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

îë

Û¯«·°³»²Þ¿­» Ó¿½¸·²» ß«¬± ×¼´» Ý»²¬®¿´ ´«¾®·½¿¬·±² ­§­¬»³ ݱª»® °´¿¬» ¬«®¾±½¸¿®¹»® Ü·»­»´ °¿®¬·½«´¿¬» º·´¬»® Ü®§ ¬§°» ¿·® º·´¬»® ¼«¿´ ­¬»°ô ©·¬¸ °®»óº·´¬»® ¿²¼ ¿«¬±³¿¬·½ ¼«­¬ »¶»½¬±® Û²¹·²» ½±³°¿®¬³»²¬ ¼±±®­ô ´±½µ¿¾´» Ú¿²ô ¸·²¹»¼ Ú¿²ô ¸§¼®¿«´·½¿´´§ ¼®·ª»² Ú¿²ô ®»ª»®­·¾´» Ú«»´ °®»óº·´¬»® Ú«»´ °®»óº·´¬»®ô ©·¬¸ »´»½¬®·½ ¸»¿¬»® Ô¿²¼º·´´ ¿®®¿²¹»³»²Ô·ÜßÌ Š Ü¿¬¿ ¬®¿²­³·­­·±² ­§­¬»³ Ô·»¾¸»®® ¼·»­»´ »²¹·²» »³·­­·±² ­¬¿¹» ×Ê ñ Ì·»® ìº Ô·»¾¸»®® ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ±·´ô ¾·±´±¹·½¿´´§ ¼»¹®¿¼¿¾´» Ô«¹­ º±® ½®¿²» ´·º¬·²¹ô º®±²Ô«¹­ º±® ½®¿²» ´·º¬·²¹ô ®»¿® ο¼·¿¬±® ¹«¿®¼ Ø»¿ª§ Ü«¬§ô ¸·²¹»¼ ο¼·¿¬±®ô ©·¼»ó³»­¸»¼ Í°»½·¿´ °¿·²Ì¿²µ ¹«¿®¼ ̱±´ µ·¬ô ¾¿­·½ ̱±´ µ·¬ô »¨¬»²¼»¼ ̱©·²¹ ¸·¬½¸ô º®±²Ì±©·²¹ ¸·¬½¸ô ®»¿® Ì«²²»´ ¿®®¿²¹»³»²¬

ا¼®¿«´·½­ ß«¬±³¿¬·½ ´·º¬ µ·½µ±«ß«¬±³¿¬·½ ¬·´¬ µ·½µ±«Þ«½µ»¬ º´±¿¬ º«²½¬·±² Þ«½µ»¬ ¯«·½µ ¼®±° º«²½¬·±² ا¼®¿«´·½ µ·¬ º±® ³«´¬·ó°«®°±­» ¾«½µ»ÔËÜÊó­§­¬»³ Ñ·´ º·´¬»® ·² ¸§¼®¿«´·½ ¬¿²µ

Ì®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» Û³»®¹»²½§ ­¬±° Ú·²¿´ ¼®·ª»­ °´¿²»¬¿®§ ¹»¿® ײ½¸ ¾®¿µ» °»¼¿´ Ô±¿¼ ´·³·¬ ½±²¬®±´ô »´»½¬®±²·½ Ó¿½¸·²»ó®»´»¿­» ­©·¬½¸ п®µ·²¹ ¾®¿µ»ô ¿«¬±³¿¬·½ Í»¿¬ ½±²¬¿½¬ ­©·¬½¸ Ì®¿ª»´ ½±²¬®±´ô í ­°»»¼ ®¿²¹»­ Ì®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª» ¶±§­¬·½µô °®±°±®¬·±²¿´ Ì®¿ª»´ ¼®·ª»ô ¸§¼®±­¬¿¬·½ Ê󰿬¬»®² ¬®¿ª»´ ½±²¬®±´ ©·¬¸ ­¬»»®·²¹ °»¼¿´­

ã ͬ¿²¼¿®¼ õ ã Ñ°¬·±² Š ã ²±¬ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ï÷ ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ¿¬ §±«® ¼»¿´»®

îê

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

Ñ°»®¿¬±®Ž­ Ý¿¾ ß·® ½±²¼·¬·±²»® ß®³®»­¬­ îÜô ¿¼¶«­¬¿¾´» Ý¿¾ ¬·´¬·²¹ ­§­¬»³ ݱ¿¬ ¸±±µ ݱ²¼»²­»® «²·¬ °·ª±¬»¼ ܱ³» ´·¹¸Ú·®» »¨¬·²¹«·­¸»® Ó»½¸¿²·½¿´ ­«­°»²­·±² ­»¿Ñ°»®¿¬±®Ž­ ­»¿¬ ݱ³º±®¬ô ¿·®ó­«­°»²¼»¼ Ñ°»®¿¬±®Ž­ ­»¿¬ Ю»³·«³ô ¿·®ó­«­°»²¼»¼ б´§½¿®¾±²¿¬» º®±²¬ ­½®»»² б´§½¿®¾±²¿¬» ®»¿® ­½®»»² Ю»­­«®·­»¼ ½¿¾ Ю±¬»½¬·ª» ¹®·¼ô ®»¿® ©·²¼±© ο¼·± ο¼·± °®»°¿®¿¬·±² µ·Î»¿®óª·»© ½¿³»®¿ λ¿®óª·»© ³·®®±®ô ·²­·¼» λ¿®óª·»© ³·®®±®ô ±«¬­·¼» ÎÑÐÍñÚÑÐÍ ·²¬»¹®¿¬»¼ Í¿º»¬§ ¹´¿­­ô ¬·²¬»¼ Í´·¼·²¹ ©·²¼±© ´»ºÍ´·¼·²¹ ©·²¼±© ®·¹¸Í±½µ»¬ ïî Ê Í±½µ»¬ îì Ê Í°»»¼ ­©·¬½¸ô ©±®µñ¬®¿ª»´ ³±¼»­ ͬ±©¿¹» ½±³°¿®¬³»²¬ô ¿·®ó½±²¼·¬·±²»¼ Í«²¾´·²¼ô º®±²É¿®³ ©¿¬»® ¸»¿¬·²¹ É·²¼­¸·»´¼ ©¿­¸»® ­§­¬»³ É·²¼­¸·»´¼ ©·°»®­ º®±²¬ ¿²¼ ®»¿®ô ©·¬¸ ·²¬»®³·¬¬»²¬ º«²½¬·±²

Û´»½¬®·½¿´ ͧ­¬»³ î ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ©±®µ·²¹ ´·¹¸¬­ ±² ¬¸» ½¿¾ô ®»¿® î ½±´¼ ­¬¿®¬ ¾¿¬¬»®·»­ î ©±®µ·²¹ ´·¹¸¬­ ±² ¬¸» ½¿¾ô ®»¿® ì ©±®µ·²¹ ´·¹¸¬­ ±² ¬¸» ½¿¾ô º®±²ß´´ ©±®µ·²¹ ´·¹¸¬­ ·² ÔÛÜ ª»®­·±² ß³¾»® ¾»¿½±² Þ¿½µó«° ¿´¿®³ Þ¿½µó«° ¿´¿®³ô ­©·¬½¸¿¾´» Þ¿¬¬»®§ ³¿·² ­©·¬½¸ ر®² ׳³±¾·´·­»®ô »´»½¬®±²·½ Ѳ󾱿®¼ ª±´¬¿¹» îì Ê

˲¼»®½¿®®·¿¹» ×¼´»®ó¼»º´»½¬±® Ó¿­¬»® ´·²µô ¬©±ó°·»½» λ¿® ­¬®·µ»® ¾¿® Í°®±½µ»¬ ­»¹³»²¬­ ©·¬¸ ®»½»­­»­ Í°®±½µ»¬ ­»¹³»²¬­ô ¾±´¬»¼ Í°®±½µ»¬ó¼»º´»½¬±® Ì®¿½µ º®¿³»ô ½´±­»¼ Ì®¿½µ ¹«¿®¼ô º«´´ ´»²¹¬¸ Ì®¿½µ ¹«·¼»ô ½»²¬®» °¿®Ì®¿½µ ¹«·¼»­ô º®±²¬ ¿²¼ ®»¿® Ì®¿½µ °¿¼­ ©·¬¸ ³«¼ ¸±´»­ Ì®¿½µ ­¸±»­ô ³±¼»®¿¬» ­»®ª·½» Ì®¿½µ­ô ±·´ó´«¾®·½¿¬»¼ ˲¼»®½¿®®·¿¹» ÔÙР˲¼»®½¿®®·¿¹» ©·¬¸ ®±¬¿®§ ¾«­¸·²¹­ ÚÌÞ

߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ λ¿® ݱ«²¬»®©»·¹¸¬ô ®»¿® Ü®¿©¾¿® ®»¿®ô ®·¹·¼ η°°»®ô í ­¸¿²µ­ É·²½¸

߬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ Ú®±²Þ±´¬ó±² ½«¬¬·²¹ »¼¹»­ô ®»ª»®­·¾´» Þ±´¬ó±² ½«¬¬·²¹ ­»¹³»²¬­ô ®»ª»®­·¾´» Ý´¿³°·²¹ ½§´·²¼»® ¹«¿®¼­ô ³«´¬·ó°«®°±­» ¾«½µ»Ô·º¬·²¹ ½§´·²¼»® ¹«¿®¼­ Ó«´¬·ó°«®°±­» ¾«½µ»Í¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¾«½µ»Í¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¾«½µ»¬ ØÜ Ì»»¬¸ ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ¾±´¬ó±² Ì»»¬¸ ¿¼¿°¬»®­ ©»´¼ó±² Ì·´¬ ½§´·²¼»® ¹«¿®¼­ Ì®¿­¸ ®¿½µ º±® ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¾«½µ»Ì®¿­¸ ®¿½µ ³«´¬·ó°«®°±­» ¾«½µ»É¿­¬» ¸¿²¼´·²¹ ¾«½µ»Æ󾿮 ´·²µ¿¹»

ã ͬ¿²¼¿®¼ õ ã Ñ°¬·±² Š ã ²±¬ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ï÷ ±² ¼»³¿²¼ ¿¬ §±«® ¼»¿´»®

Ñ°¬·±²­ ¿²¼ñ±® ­°»½·¿´ ¿¬¬¿½¸³»²¬­ô ­«°°´·»¼ ¾§ ª»²¼±®­ ±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² Ô·»¾¸»®®ô ¿®» ±²´§ ¬± ¾» ·²­¬¿´´»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» µ²±©´»¼¹» ¿²¼ ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º Ô·»¾¸»®® ·² ±®¼»® ¬± ®»¬¿·² ©¿®®¿²¬§ò

ÔÎ êîê Ô·¬®±²·½ Š ÔÎ êíê Ô·¬®±²·½

îé

̸» Ô·»¾¸»®® Ù®±«° ±º ݱ³°¿²·»­

Ô·»¾¸»®®óÉ»®µ Ì»´º­ Ù³¾Ø Ø¿²­ Ô·»¾¸»®®óͬ®¿A» íëô ßóêìïð Ì»´º­ Í õìí ëðèðç êóïððô Ú¿¨ õìí ëðèðç êóéééî ©©©ò´·»¾¸»®®ò½±³ô ÛóÓ¿·´æ ­¿´»­ò´©¬à´·»¾¸»®®ò½±³ ©©©òº¿½»¾±±µò½±³ñÔ·»¾¸»®®Ý±²­¬®«½¬·±²