1.8 MELBOURNE SPORTS AND AQUATIC CENTRE, ALBERT PARK
1.9 RICHMOND LEISURE CENTRE, RICHMOND
1.10 SITE ANALYSIS
WEEK 2: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH
2.1 ENGINEERED STEEL
2.2 I BEAMS
2.3 PIPES
2.4 ENGINEERED TIMBER
2.5 PLYWOOD
2.6 LAMINATED VENEER TIMBER
2.7 BEAMS
2.8 PORTAL FRAMES
2.9 TRUSSES
2.10 ARCHES/CENTENARY
2.11 CONCRETE SHELL
2.12 SPACE FRAME
2.13 STRUT TIE
2.14 LATTICE
2.15 STRUCTURAL PROTOTYPE DESIGN
WEEK 3: DETAIL CONNECTIONS
3.1 STEEL CONNECTIONS
3.2 TIMBER CONNECTIONS
3.3 TIMBER-STEEL CONNECTIONS
WEEK 4: CLADDING AND BUILDING MATERIAL
4.1 BRUNSWICK CAMPUS (PRECEDENT)
4.2 FARNBOROUGH AIRPORT (PRECEDENT)
WEEK 5: BUILDING CODE RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS
5.1 BUILDING CLASSIFICATIONS
5.2 ACCESS AND EGRESS
5.3 HEALTH AND AMENITY
WEEK 7: MATERIAL RESEARCH
7.1 MATERIAL SCHEDULE
WEEK 8: SERVICES STRATEGY RESEARCH
8.1 MECHANICAL SERVICES
Massing Iterations
9.1 Quick Concept Design iterations
9.2 Rebuilt working model iterations
Model Making
10.1 Building Process 10.2 Final Model
COST-CO, DOCKLANDS
Costco, 381 Footscray rd, Docklands by NH Architecture
Costco Docklands is a large span building using a portal frame steel structure with truss ments. The structure is roughly 200m by 80m clad in some form of corrugated and coate
COST-CO, DOCKLANDS
NH ARCHITECTURE
GOODS SHED, DOCKLANDS
Goods Shed, 710 Collins st, Docklands by BVN Architecture
Melbourne Exhibition Centre, 1 Convention Centre PI, South Wharf
Melbourne Exhibition Centre is a large span building using a truss/space-frame style struc
The building is roughly 100m by 500m with the roof being clad in some form of corrugated ium and the walls in glass and some form of aluminium panelling. The roof structure is ma trusses that utilise a space frame like make up to spread the force applied, they are suppo large columns (two at either end).
DEEPWATER WOOLSHED WAGGA WAGGA, NSW STUTCHBURY
& PAPE
-• Used a rolled Colorbond product called Aramax. they have employed the structural capacity inherent in Aramax to bridge the long spans between three portal frames.
- The roofing product also extends way beyond the end frames to create massive overhangs that increase the protected sheep handling areas.
- Large portal frame roof provide shade to the walls and provide undercover sheep storage and access
- Reticulated irrigation system sprays cooling water onto the roof.
- Large expanded mesh screens have been hung to the southwest, providing protection from the prevailing wind
- Cascading water across these suspended surfaces utilises the cross-ventilating breeze and evaporative cooling, lowering working temperatures
- Vents on the side of the building allow a natural flow of air
- Strip skylights provide natural lighting
- The shed was lifted to provide for undercover sheep storage and the shearing board was raised to ease the passage of wool to the classing table
- The entire structure is bolted together; all linings, cladding and floors are screwed and fixed. Thus the entire shed is demountable
- The usage of a structural roofing system was an initiative providing additional planning flexibility
ZAP’ ADOS CALASIS, FRANCE BANG ARCHITECTS
- Converted a former peanut factory in Calais into a skateboarding park with a bright orange mesh façade
- The modules are arranged in a strips logically oriented along the full length of the hall.
- The existing concrete columns and structural steel on the west facade are "sandwiched" by gradually expanding aluminum on the outside wall and the curtain wall noise attenuation inside
- The mesh acts like a shutter, controling direct sunlight and the color is stricking
- Doubled with a curtain wall to protect users from prevailing winds and reduce any noise nuisance to nearby houses.
- Textile glass fiber coated with PVC stretched over two layers of cotton batting and put on a sheet of extruded PVC formed the acoustic wall
- the ceiling is industrial acoustic suspended baffles made out of melamine
- Replaced concrete walls with glazing screened behind the layer of steel mesh to allow for more natural light in the east and west elevations
- This colorful mesh protects the equipment as the expanded metal is very resistant and anti-graffiti
- The external joinary is aluminium with double glazing
GLACIEL WATER BOTTLING PLANT PATAGONIA, CHILE PANORAMA ARQUITECTOS
- The interior is broken up into two sections:
- The double-height space is used for the bottling functions, and allows ample room for the necessary equiptment and moving machinary in and out
- The smaller wooden section has a single-story height and houses the individual offices for the workers.
- The facade is clad in toughened glass with a black opaque coating.
- Due to the climate conditions, the glass offered a good exterior solution aswell as reflecting the surrounding environment which makes the building adopt a chameloan effect
- The envelope shape of the roof assures the waterproof seal is capable of making the building withstand the extreme condtions.
- The base is tapered 1.5 meters to protect the building from the winter season floods from the near by river.
- The yellow colour throughout acts as a contrast to the black
- White is considered a clean colour which is shown throughout the interior as a way to remind workes of the sanitary needs working at the plant.
CITY BATHS, MELBOURNE
JOHN JAMES CLARK
• Steel Truss System
• Steel Columns for Spectator Stands
• Steel Truss System
• Steel Columns for Spectator Stands
• Brickwork
• Steel Truss System
• Steel Columns for Spectator Stands
• Brickwork
• Corrigated Aluminum sheet
• Steel Truss System
• Steel Columns for Spectator Stands
• Brickwork
• Corrigated Aluminum sheet
• Fixed Glazing (Glass)
MELBOURNE SPORTS AND AQUATIC CENTRE, MELBOURNE
PEDDLE THORP ARCHITECTS
• Steel Arches and Beams
• Steel Arches and Beams
• Insulated Cladding
• Pre-Cast Concrete Panels
• Steel Arches and Beams
• Insulated Cladding
• Pre-Cast Concrete Panels
• Glazing
• Steel Arches and Beams
• Insulated Cladding
• Pre-Cast Concrete Panels
• Glazing
• Ventilation
Arches
Beams
Truss System
• Arches
• Beams
• Truss System
• Insulated Cladding System
• Pre-Cast Concrete Panels
RICHMOND LEISURE CENTRE, RICHMOND
• Arch Spaceframe System
• Non Structural Brick Wall
• Arch Spaceframe System
• Non Structural Brick Wall
• Insulated Roof
• Arch Spaceframe System
• Non Structural Brick Wall
• Operable glazing
• Arch Spaceframe System
• Non Structural Brick Wall
• Operable glazing
• Ventillation System
WINTER SUN
RISES IN THE NORTH EAST AND SETS I THE NORTHWEST
SUMMER SUN RISES DUE EAST AMD SETS DUE WEST
ENTRY POINTS TO SITE
1. ENTRY FROM THE CURRENT BOWLING CLUB CARPARK 2. ENTRY FROM PATHWAY LEADING TO SITE FROM AQUALINK BOXHILL AND OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOL 3. ENTRY FROM SURREY DRIVE
VEHICULAR MOVEMENT PATTERSN AROUND SITE (ROADS/ CARPARKS)
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
PRIVATE BUILDINGS
1. ENTRY TO CARPARK 2. VIEW OF STREET FROM ENTRY TO BUILDING 3. ENTRY OF CURRENT BUILDING 4. VIEW FROM PATH BEHIND SITE
Manufacturing Process
Steel is typically manufac-
process’ - Riveted
- Extruded - Welded - Rolled
Lengths of steel are joined together by make holes for rivets as means to join the flanges to the web
Extruded
Pipe
Manufacturing Process
Steel pipe is typically manufactured in three different process’
- Mandrel Mill
- Mannesmann Plug Mill
- Welded
Mandrel Mill
Hot or cold Steal is forced
Lengths of steel are joined with the flanges as one piece to the web via welding
Rolled
Hot or cold steel is forced through roles to hold them
Cylindrical sections of steel are heated and then pierced by rolling onto a spike creating a hole through the centre, the product is then put through a series of rollers (Mandrel Mill) to iron out large imperfections and create a uniform internal diameter and wall thickness. It is then reheated and put through another series of rollers (Stretch Reducers), it is then cut, heat treated and straightened.
Mannesmann Plug Mill
I beams are able to support shear forces extremely well due the web portion while relatively maintaining their overall shape due to the flange resisting against bending
Disadvantages
Has Problems with torsion forces with the joints being the most weak points in the
Has problems when lateral force is applied
Cylindrical sections of steel are heated and then pierced by rolling onto a spike creating a hole through the centre, this is done twice more for the purpose of firstly elongating and then ironing out other imperfections, it is then rolled through a reeling roller to further perfect the wall thickness and diameter, the process form there on is the same as that of the mandrill mill
Welded
Coils of flat steel are put through a series of rollers to create an open tube and the seem is then welded before being put through a series of rollers for sizing and straightening
Advantages
Pipe is highly versatile as the shape is uniform almost every aspect which makes joining of elements simple It is also void of any sharp edges which are often the weakest point of any steel length. With pipe being hollow it means systems can be hidden within
Disadvantages
- Lack of flat surfaces make for problems when covering or concealing
Engineered Timber
Types
Plywood
Densified Wood
- Chemically
- Mechanically
Fibreboard
Particle board
Oriented Strand Board
Laminated Timber
Laminated Veneer Timber (LVL)
Laminated Veneer
Cross Laminated
Cross
Parallel Strand
Means For Classification as Engineered
Products made from:
- Lumber
- Veneers
- Timber strands
- Timber particles
Bound with adhesives or resins
Made to perform similarly to other structural timber products
or resins per form to other structural
ered Timber
Plywood
Manufacturing
Thin of timber ( Veneers) are
tant adhesive. Each on the other with running at to one another.
three types veneers face, is hidden the core is the centre or
based on the exposure, as well as the veneer type
as N, A, B, C, D with N
Thin Layers of timber (Veneers) are glued together typically via a glue spreading machine using waterproof or resistant adhesive. Each layer is placed on the other with the grain running at right angles to one another. There are typically only three types of veneers used in plywood the face, core and back respectively, The face is the side that is shown while the back is typically hidden the core is the centre layer or layers. The quality of Ply is rated based on the adhesive, ability to withstand exposure, as well as the veneer quality in terms of both type and condition graded as N, A, B, C, D with N being the of the highest quality and N the lowest.
N the lowest.
Advantages
directional to its cross structure when
Ply has a great multi directional tensile strength due to its cross laminated structure when compared to panels of solid timber
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Manufacturing Process
ThinLayers(typically
Due to cross lamination it rids most of the problems that arise from single direction grain in natural timber such as:
- Splitting
- Strength across the grain
Due to cross it rids most of the problems that arise grain in as:to ratio is better than that
Strength to weight ratio is better than that of solid woods
Due to resistance to splitting and high multi directional tensile strength it can be used to make or cover curved surfaces.
Due to resistance to high multi directional it can to or cover
Resistant to warping &
Resistant to warping & bowing
Thin Layers (typically with resin as a cohesive agent with the grain running in a single direcuct is then cut to size and Lower quality veneers are used for the core and higher quality for the face
sive direc e rs are d e face
The grade applied to LVL is shown as follows #Fb #E. With “E” as a figure of elasticity and “Fb” of Bending stress.
Advantages
o LVL is b f Bend g
Lvl can be manufactured to any length restricted only
Adva factured d e beam in id onger e ii wide
The strength is more uniform across the beam in comparison with solid timber making it stronger and more predictable Strength to weight ratio is ing it can be used in wide
Disadvantages In context of structure it
other solid or engineered timbers
Disad ad ngineered imbers
• Dumb bending
Beams (Bending And Shear Forces)
floor
Portal Frame (Triangulation)
Lattice
PORTAL FRAME
APEX HAUNCH RAFTER
EAVES HAUNCH
FOUNDATION
COLOUMN
WALL GIRT
DADO WALL
Steel-Steel Connection
The following are all I-Beam connection
Welded
Welded connections when done correctly can retain the strength of the steel.
End Plate
The advantage of end Plates can support 100% shear capacity. Plates should be sized at 40mm by 70mm with 6mm welds, the plates should be 8-10mm in thickness. When joined to the web of a column there is no ability to erect a two sided connection.
Fin Plate
Fin Plates work in much the same way as end plates with less shear capacity and the ability to erect a two sided connection.
Gusset Plate
Gusset plates are means to join beams to columns or as a joining method for trusses, their ability to hold load is directly proportionate to the thickness of the steel used.
Hidden Pin
This method uses pins pressed into pre-drilled holes and friction or some form of adhesive as a way of keeping the pins in place End Cap
The use of a steel cap wrapped around the end of the timber element. Strength is proportional to the size of the cap and strength of the metal used Knife Plate
A plate situated in a channel cut in the end of a piece of timber fastened by bolts
-Natural interior light -Design flexibility -Tints available -Weather proofing
-Renewable energy source -Reduces energy bills -Diverse applications -Low maintenance
-Easy to use
-Can be used internally or externally -No primer required
-Excellent bond strength
-Can be coloured with coloured oxides
-Thickness can range from 2mm to 10mm in just one application
-Can vary in colour due to where the pigment is mined therefore consistency is lacking
-Expensive material
-Prone to severe spring back
-Soft material
-Maintenance may need to be required
-Cost
-Weather dependant -Needs a lot of space -Associated with pollution
-Maintenance may be required due to possible cracking and peeling
Solar Heating
These systems are made up primarily of solar panels a pump and piping both too and from the panels. Solar heating typically utilises panels made up of pipes of tubing intended to bathe in sunlight to generate heat. The water is heated by pumping the water to the panels where they are heated and then pumping it back into the pool from there. The panels are usually of a darker colour as a means to draw the most light and therefore heat to the water running through. Temperature is regulated by decreasing or increasing the amount of water that runs through the system. It can be effective in a commercial setting and has many pros such as reduced carbon footprint, it is however weather dependent and costly for installation, most notably it is single faceted as it only produces heat and nothing more. from the lack of peak time price hikes in comparison to options dependent on the electrical grid.
Gas Heater
Electric heat pumps utilise an air conditioning style process to heat the water, they use the ambient air around the heating unit by pulling it in with a fan and then onto a condenser like most refrigeration units but with an adverse effect by using a liquid with an extremely low boiling point as opposed to high. Electric water heaters are used across the world for this very purpose as they are currently
relatively low cost they are however quite complicated and therefore breakdowns can be frequent and when they occur require a lot of work.
Gas heat pumps utilise a gas to heat the water running through the pump via a gas burner that generates heat through the combustion of the gas input. Gas water heaters are are an extremely costly option for larger pool areas with the running costs being much higher than
also have an extremely short lifespan typically of 5 years making replacement costs are options dependent on the electrical grid. Electric hot water pumps
Pump Heating Electric
issues associated with containing a large body of water in an enclosed space with problems such as the enclosing structure being vulnerable to multiple forms of degradation like mould, rot and corrosion as well as occupants comfort.
Components required
often features a heat pump to recover the heat from the internal air to recycle it in the input air. Condense style systems consist of an evaporator a condenser and a compressor, these systems work by extracting the water vapour from the air via condensation on a condenser coil and recirculating it into the room. Condenser style units are mostly used in smaller spaces and are not applicable here.
Supply Duct
Supply ducts are usually placed lower in the room preferably toward windows as to prevent condensation forming on the glass,
Duct
Extraction
DANX XWPRS
DanX XWPRS is a ventilation dehumidi er with a cross- ow heat up to 100 % reduces operating costs and energy consumption. The built-in mixing ensures that only the precise volume of outdoor air that is necessary for maintaining a pleasant indoor climate is added. To achieve even greater energy savings, a water-cooled condenser can be integrated in the heat pump. In this way, the excess heat can be utilised e ciently to warm the pool water or the utility water. In addition, the reversible heat pump means the unit can operate with active cooling during the sum- mer period. It is especially suitable for therapy baths with a high heat load from the hot pool water or buildings with large glass facades.
