MA A+U | STUDIO B+C

Portland to La La land Regeneration of the Mumbai Port - People’s vision

STUDIO B + C

MA A + U Heena Jameel Ahmed Shaikh University ID: 21429764 MA Architecture + Urbanism | 2022 Manchester School of Architecture

Tutor: Curtis Martyn & Youcao Ren MA Architecture + Urbanism Manchester School of Architecture, UK

Copyright @2022 Manchester, United Kingdom ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manchester School of Architecture Copyright reserved by Heena Jameel Ahmed Shaikh MA Architecture and Urbanism

1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my gratitude to all my tutors for their guidance and support. A very special thanks to Eamonn Canniffe who has mentored me throughout the journey and always been available for guidance. My Studio B tutor, Youcao Ren for guiding me in my research work and directing me towards progress each time.

A heartfelt thanks to Curtis Martyn, my tutor for Studio C. I thoroughly enjoyed our discussions about architecture in general and the public spaces in Manchester. The enthusiasm and rigour he shared for my project encouraged me to do better each time.

A special mention to my family back home in Mumbai, my parents and siblings who have been nothing but encouraging and patient with me. Its their love and support that made me what I am today, capable of taking my own decisions. And lastly to my forever pillar, Sahil who is always by my side and proud of every step I take.. And finally to all my friends, the people who I met during my architectural journey in the past decade.

Special mention to Architect Rahul Kadri who helped shape my skills and confidence under his leadership, during my professional practice.

AND LASTLY THE CITY OF MUMBAI, MY FOREVER GUIDING FORCE…...

2

ABSTRACT

In the saturated city of Mumbai, everyone is surviving for that extra inch of space. In such striving conditions having an available open space leads to hope for the inhabitants.

Every Urban development has three prime elements and voices involved. The government often aims at targeting the developers to develop open spaces into a commercially viable projects. On other hand we have the urban planners, trying to strike a balance between the economic and social aspects.

STATE VISION

PEOPLE’S VISION

URBAN PLANNERS VISION

Today I aim to draw focus on the often neglected and the most feeble voice- ‘The People’.

Let’s assume it is the people who get to decide what they aspire to have on an available parcel of land.

Let’s dedicate Portland to the ambitions and likes of the ‘Mumbaikars’. A space that every Mumbaikar can call their own.

3

CONTENT- STUDIO B

Acknowledgement Abstract

6. Global Precedents

25

.1 Present site images

7. Design Brief

30

.2 History of the port

.1 Goals and Objectives

.3 Neighbourhood locality

.2 Programme

.4 Transit Links

.3 Schematic Zoning

5. Site Analysis 03

1.

Site Introduction and Background

06

2.

What does Mumbai need?

07

3.

Who are the users?

08

.1

Understanding the social hierarchy

.5 Current Land Use

.2

Introduction to the users: Mumbaikars

.6 Major Threats

13

.7 Selected land parcel 4.

In search of a breathing space

.1

Analysing the Mumbai Coast

.2

Activities on the Western Coast

10

.8 Key components .9 Sections

4

CONTENT- STUDIO C

8. Design Concept .1

34

Placemaking diagram

10. Design Proposal

.2 Key Built masses

.3 Concept sketches

.3 Design elements .4 Master plan

.1 Existing built form

11. Key design elements

54

12. Transformation

82

13. Project timeline

84

14. Way forward

85

15. Bibliography

86

.1 Isometric development

.2 Derived city elements

9. Design Development

43

38

.5 Site sections .6 Detail sections

.2 Retained built form .3 Proposed circulation

5

1. SITE BACKGROUND HISTORY OF BOMBAY

Portuguese Captured Islands of Bombay

Maharashtra

1668

1858

India gained Independence from Great Britain 1947

1813

1534

East India port purchased Port from Portuguese

India

British Parliament ended East India Companies Commercial monopoly

Bombay fell under direct British crown

Mumbai

India, is a country in South Asia. It is the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world.

For centuries, the seven islands of Bombay were under the control of successive indigenous rulers before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire, and subsequently to the East India Company in 1661. The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi fishing community) were the earliest known settlers of the islands.

FLASHBACK INTO BOMBAY

6

2. WHAT DOES MUMBAI NEED?

●

WITH 22 MILLION PEOPLE

●

A HIGH POPULATION DENSITY

●

SATURATION OF THE ISLAND CITY

●

RESULTED IN LACK OF OPEN SPACE

●

RECLAMATION ENDANGERS ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

1.28 M2 PER PERSON

According to the WHO, every city shall have a minimum of 9 sq.m / person urban green space which is safe and accessible.

Only 6% of the total land in the city is made up of Open spaces. 45% of the same is covered by informal settlements.

Most dominant growth pattern is driven by private owners who are filling in the land left with offices, shopping malls, gated communities.

Image ⓒ (Metro sky gardens, Mumbai, 2014)

These trends compromise with health as well as democratic rights of Mumbaikars.

7

3.1 UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL HIERARCHY

‘We must be aware and updated about the ground situations and underlying forces, the people, the culture, the social situations. And then, build from there.’

20% of people in Mumbai are below the poverty line.

In 2016, an estimated 55 percent of Mumbai’s population lived in slums.

With an estimated 6.5 million people residing in these conditions, Mumbai has the largest slum population of any city in the world.

‘I AM NOT AGAINST DEVELOPMENT , BUT I AM SO IN FAVOUR OF UPLIFTMENT.’

Fig: Income group distribution map, Mumbai

8

3.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE USERS: MUMBAIKARS

Sawant the dabbawala

Ashok, Iqbal, Sabathe children

Vinod & Savita the senior citizens

Kamla the educated youth

Rahim, Meena the working class

Gopal- The roadside vendor

Sunita the fisherwomen

The Homemakers

9

4. In search of a breathing space for the city

10

4.1 ANALYSING THE MUMBAI COAST WESTERN WATERFRONT

EASTERN WATERFRONT Less than 50% of the land used to its full potential.

30 kilometers of prime waterfront land is being locked up.

Physical access to all parts of the waterfront has been a restricted affair.

Three types of waterfront areas: Public spaces, Native settlements and seaside heritage precincts.

Much-needed breathing space and the seascape in our choking city.

14.5 km of virtually inaccessible waterfront

Has better mobility by means of the mass transit system.

Serves as an amalgam of cultures, heritage, architectural identity and land use. ● ● ● ● ●

●PUBLIC MAGNET ●DEVELOPED ●WELL MAINTAINED ●EXHILARATING ●INTERACTIVE

UNDER-UTILISED IGNORED INACCESSIBLE MISTREATED UNDERUTILIZED POTENTIAL

Image ⓒ (P.K.Das, n.d)

11

4.2 WESTERN COAST - PUBLIC ACTIVITIES

Public places in Mumbai, including beaches, gardens, promenades and tourist spots are all flanked along the West coast. Most of them are often revamped and maintained with addition of activities. During weekends and festivals, we often find them packed with people leaving very little scope of recreation or personal zone. The Western Promenade is a popular spot for various public activities such as jogging, walking, cycling, and picnicking. It offers scenic views of the Arabian Sea and the Marine Drive skyline. The promenade is an ideal spot for morning and evening walks, and it's a great place to experience the local culture and lifestyle of Mumbai. Along the promenade, there are street vendors selling various snacks and local food, as well as local shops selling souvenirs and other items.

Worli Seaface

Bandra fort

Marine drive

Juhu Beach

Bandstand

Carter Road

12

5. Analysing the Eastern Waterfront

13

5.1 SITE STUDY- PRESENT LAND USE IMAGE

The Mumbai Port Trust area, spanning bout 10 kms, along the Eastern Waterfront is one of the best waterfront properties located in the heart of Mumbai city. Due to shifting of some port activities from to the new port across the bay, an area of about 500 Ha is available for redevelopment. Considering the extreme shortage of built space in the city, this underutilized land offers a great and historic opportunity to fulfil the demand for space. It would also give an impetus to the economy and provide the much needed social and recreational public amenities to the city. (UDRI, 2016)

Present day site image

Mangrove Small scale industries Refineries

Refineries

Warehouses

Informal settlement Freeway Railway track

14

5.1 SITE STUDY- PRESENT LAND USE IMAGE

The Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai spans a length of about 30 km from Colaba in the south to Thane in the north. Within the island city, the waterfront area not only harbours the port activities of handling passenger and goods traffic, but also various defence uses, along with small- and large-scale industries.

Present day site image

Harbour link Mangrove Fort Small scale industries

Informal settlement

Refineries

Warehouses Refineries

Freeway

Refineries

Railway track Informal settlement

15

5.2 HISTORY OF THE MUMBAI PORT

SHIFT OF PORT ACTIVITIES–1989

The Promise of the Eastern Waterfront

Mumbai Harbour has been used by ships and boats for centuries. It was used by the Maratha Navy, as well as the British and Portuguese colonial navies.

In 1652, the Surat Council of the East India Company, realising the geographical advantage of the Port, urged its purchase from the Portuguese.

The first of the present-day docks of the Port were built in the 1870s.

With the shift of port activities to other technologically developed ports, few port operational activities remain within the 1800 acres of MbPT, thus opening up the opportunity to envision the use of the land for public purposes.

MUMBAI- MANCHESTER OF THE EAST

Development of the Portland Image ⓒ (Research & Design Cell, 2001)

Fig: 19th century Port, Bombay

16

5.3 SITE ANALYSIS- NEIGHBOURHOOD LOCALITY Informatic Urban Cross Section: Property Value

West

Public Transit Hub along coast

East The public transport along the western coast carries more people compared to the east due to its development.

Worli

Image ⓒ (Research & Design Cell, 2001)

Cotton green

Image ⓒ (Mumbai:Shift, n.d.)

17

5.4 SITE ANALYSIS- TRANSIT LINKS

Eastern Freeway

Por t

d

Fre ew ay

ine

l ay ilw Ra

Ea ste rn

lan

Harbour link

Sewri railway station

Image ⓒ (Research & Design Cell, 2001)

18

5.5 SITE ANALYSIS- PRESENT LAND USE

Port Activities: 187 Acres

Storage: 284 Acres

Residential: 30 Acres

Industries: 406 Acres

Image ⓒ UDRI, Mumbai

Defence: 82 Acres

Small Industries: 78 Acres

INDUSTRIES

SHIPBREAKING

GOODS TRANSPORT

WAREHOUSES

INFORMAL SETTLEMENT

REFINERIES

19

5.6 SITE ANALYSIS- MAJOR THREATS

Image ⓒ TOI, Mumbai

The heavy industrialization has lead to harmful pollutants into the sea. The waste disposal from the surrounding informal settlements is directly lead into the sewage untreated. Domestic activities such as bathing, washing of utensils and clothes give out additional waste, thus contaminating the water. All these pollutants causing outflow further impact the ecological balance of the mangroves and the migrating flamingo habitat.

Image ⓒ Sing Zixin Chen,ASLA

20

5.7 SELECTED SITE PARCEL

●

Northern zone has

the largest available land

parcel. ●

At present, no defence or port activity takes place from this zone, hence it is readily available for regeneration.

●

The zone is well connected to all major transit facilities.

●

The Sewri fort forms an interest to the Heritage aspect that needs to be emphasized on.

●

The

presence

of

Mudflats

and

seasonal

Flamingos make it of interest to the ecologists and educationalists. ●

The 5 kms long promenade to be developed as a public zone, making it accessible to enjoy and rejuvenate.

●

The presence of the fishing community does help me deal with the social upliftment of the entire community and making them a vital part of the

Site Selection: AREA: 50 HECTARES

whole programme.

21

5.8 SITE CONTEXT- KEY COMPONENTS

1.Koliwada Village is one of the original fishing villages left in Mumbai.

Koliwadas primarily relies on the waterfront for resources. In the 1400s, Koliwada fishing villages were fully dependent on the water for their livelihood.

2.The Flamingos use this place as a stop-over site along their migration path since 1992, lead by the pollution from surrounding industry causing a large amount of blue algae growth in the mudflats.

Since then, the site’s features and the flamingos have attracted many tourists every year to the flamingo festival hosted by the Bombay Natural History Society.

Flamingo View point

2 Koliwada Village

1

3 Sewri Fort

2.Sewri Fort, built in 1680, was one of the defence forts established by the British along this waterfront atop a quarried hill with an elevation of 60 m above Mumbai Harbor.

Pollution, oil, and rubbish are disposed of at this site.

4

Jetty

4 .The Jetty is one of the biggest fish markets in Mumbai.

This port is home to local fishermen who go to the sea on a daily basis to catch fish and bring them to this terminal. This site handles over 2000 metric tons of seafood per day.

22

5.8 SITE CONTEXT- DECK & FORT PRECINCT

Flamingo Viewing Deck

Sewri Fort

23

5.9 SITE ANALYSIS- SECTIONS Shrine

Fort

Housing

Section 1-1 Sea Housing

Storages

4 Section 2-2 Refineries 3

1 Industries

2

Section 3-3

Warehouses

Section 4-4 24

6. Global Precedents

25

6.1 CASE STUDY 01- Global attraction GARDENS BY THE BAY , SINGAPORE

● ● ●

Architects: Grant Associates Area: 38 Hectares Year: 2012

Gardens by the Bay is one of the largest garden projects of its kind in the world.

Ultimately, the site will total 101 hectares comprising three distinct gardens – Bay South, Bay East and Bay Central. Located on reclaimed land in Singapore’s new downtown at Marina Bay, the site will provide a unique leisure destination for local and international visitors.

26

6.2 CASE STUDY - Waterfront Development SHENZHEN BAO’S WATERFRONT CULTURAL PARK

● ● ●

Architects: AUBE CONCEPTION, SWA Group Area: 38 Hectares Year: 2020

Sitting within the central green axis of central Bao'an where the urban bustle meets the bay's tranquility, Shenzhen Bao'an Waterfront Cultural Park (the Park) integrates coastal leisure, cultural tourism, artistic experiences, and ecological workplaces to address the creation of "new urban coordinates of an international coastal city and a world-class bay-side destination".

27

6.3 CASE STUDY - Adaptive Reuse

SEVKABEL PORT, ST.PETERSBURG, RUSSIA

● ● ●

Architects: AB Chvoya Area: 32,000 Sq.m Year: 2019

The Sevkabel PORT project is a process and represents the development perspective of the entire coastal industrial zone of this area. The former industrial site turns into a multifunctional cluster for everyone and a place where the city meets the sea.

The site is located in an industrial district with old red-brick 19th-century buildings of the Siemens & Halske manufactory coexist with and industrial facilities of the 70s of the 20th century on the same site. These buildings are located in different Coordinate grids of the brick and concrete buildings differ from each other, and that difference creates complex, trapezoidal spaces between them. Dealing with an existing environment, the focus is on the renovation and adaptation of existing buildings, as well as on the preservation of the industrial genius loci. This approach allowed to emphasize the existing features of the site, including some of the industrial artifacts.

28

6.4 CASE STUDY - Eco tourism

JUBAIL MANGROVE WALK, ABU DHABI, UAE

● ● ●

Architects: Basis Architectural Bureau Area: 36 Acres Year: 2020

Jubail Mangrove Park is the first self-contained educational, nature and leisure destination of its kind in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.

Aim is to enhance the awareness, appreciation and understanding of the important ecological function of the mangrove habitats There are three pathways to walk, the longest covers a distance of 2km and the shortest is 1km.

The paths allow you to take a stroll through the mangroves, explore the natural landscape and go wildlife spotting.

An information centre and viewing platform (for those perfect pictures) is also at the site.

29

7. Derived design brief

30

7.1 DESIGN GOALS & OBJECTIVES Joy

●

●

● ●

Tourism

To increase the open space per capita ratio for Mumbai to nearly triple from the present 1 square metre per person.

Plan that aims to create non-barricaded, non-exclusive, non-elitist spaces that provide access to all citizens.

To Ease pressure on the Western coast.

Generate employment opportunities for the local inhabitants

Hope Landscape and green Equality

Natural Coast

Energise

RECREATION & LEISURE

HERITAGE PRESERVATION

A leisure pit stop for the working class providing a pause from the busy routine.

05

Preserve the existing fort & revamp it to create a sense of security.

01

04

SOCIAL PLATFORM ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS Educate and create awareness about the present ecology and its conservation.

People and their happiness

02

03

A platform for all levels of the society to come together as one.

● ● ●

ART & CULTURE HUB Promote the local culture and fishing community.

●

Give back to the people of Mumbai.

Generate employment opportunities for the community.

Promote tourism thats helps improve revenue generation.

Rearrange the landscape to synergise the key site components.

31

7.2 DESIGN PROGRAMME

01

02

03

04

05

Heritage Conservation

Ecological Awareness

Arts & Culture

Social Activities

Recreation & Leisure

Provide information to the people about Mumbai, its rich history and the establishment of the fort precinct.

Creating awareness about the ecological imbalance, preserving what is left and enriching the same with means to revitalise.

Boost and provide platform for the local community to get together and celebrate festivals, organise events

Social platforms at various hierarchy, help stimulate a healthy and friendly environment thus leading to a happier society.

Leisure time is a must needed break from the all day routine, which refreshes one physically as well as mentally.

●

Information

●

Eco trail

●

Arts center

center

●

Flamingo viewing

●

Amphitheatre

Deck

●

Flea markets

●

Drive in theatre

●

Cafes, Restaurants Hawkers

●

Restoration

●

Ambient lighting

●

Camping sight

●

Music & Light

●

Sensory park

●

Outdoor sports

shows

●

Broadwalk

●

Fishing Deck

●

Community

●

Landscaping

●

streets

●

Jogging Track

●

Cycling track

●

Meditation Deck

●

Children’s Park

●

Seatings

●

Water fountains

garden 32

7.3 SCHEMATIC ZONING

Plan indicating pedestrian distances within site

Plan indicating proposed activity zones

All dimensions are in metres 33

STUDIO C 8. Design Concept

34

8.1 PLACEMAKING DIAGRAM

Nurtures & defines the community identity

A PUBLIC PLACE

Builds & supports local economy

Fosters meaningful contact

1. DIVERSE ACTIVITY ZONES

2. CITY MAGNET

Creates a happy breakthrough point

Promotes a sense of belonging

Draws a diverse population

3. BRINGING IN NATURE

4. INFILTRATION OF PEOPLE

35

8.2 DESIGN ELEMENTS: Derived from the urban fabric

Streets Narrow scale streets lead to a buzzing activity zone along a natural movement.

Courtyards

Squares

Overlooking Levels

Courtyards provide compact powerhouses for interaction, festivities and events.

Squares lead to larger plazas generating multiple activities in same zone

Levels provide visual connect thus a sense of community

36

8.3 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT- CONCEPT SKETCH Sketch view of the strategy

Sketch view of the promenade

37

9. Design Development

38

9.1 Existing Built form Freeway

Harbour link

Informal settlement Refineries

Mangroves

Railway line

Refineries Fort

Warehouses

The former industrial site turns into a multifunctional cluster for everyone and a place where the city meets the sea.

Mangroves Site Area- 50 hectares 1000x500 mts approx

39

9.2 Retained Built form

● ●

Retaining the historic context of the site such that future generation is aware of what existed.

Maximising site potential and natural context to create it as the key highlight

Refineries

Mangroves Fort

The site is located in an industrial district, in Mumbai. 19th-century buildings of the manufactory coexist with and industrial facilities of the 70s of the 20th century on the same site. Dealing with an existing environment, I focused my efforts on the renovation and adaptation of existing buildings, as well as on the preservation of the industrial genius loci.

This approach allowed me to emphasize the existing features of the site, including some of the industrial artifacts.

40

9.3 Proposed Circulation

A green buffer of 35 mts width is created along the edge of the entire site to create an envelope that disconnects it with the surrounding sound and air pollution. Two access points are provided, one under the bridge and other from the Northern edge based on the planned functions within the site and a convenient access for people navigating from all directions.

41

9.4 Proposed Zoning

Residential neighbourhood Informal settlem

ents

Cultural Zone Heritage Zone

Adaptive Reuse

A Community garden for ll Eco park

The site zoning is divide in several zones based on the activities derived from the programme. The existing context of the fort is to be restored into a heritage site along with adaptive reuse of the existing refineries.

The cultural zone is planned towards the entry point making is accessible by large crowds during events.

The Eco park is located on the secondary entry near the mangroves hence forming an integrated green leading to a serene and peaceful environment.

42

10. Design Proposal

43

The proposal maximizes the available open space, while preserving the region’s ecological and industrial heritage. if realized, the project would provide relief to the adjacent slum development, and would work closely with the local community to develop appropriate activities for a range of potential users. In addition to the open space and the programming within the refinery tanks, the plan includes integration of the wetlands,restoration of the sewri fort, a multi purpose promenade, a docking area for water taxis and a cultural centre.

44

10.1 SITE ISOMETRIC DEVELOPMENT Cultural centre+Exhibition

Organic landscape steps

Existing refinery structure

Streets with activities

Green house

Ecological centre

Elevated bridge

Community gardens Pathway with pause points

Historic centre

Fort

Visitors centre

Children's park

Cafe+ viewing gallery Jetty

Terraced cafes Boardwalk

Promenade Miyawaki Forest

45

10.2 BUILT MASSES 01- Preserving existing context

1.

Adaptive Reuse of the Refineries 1. Each of the 3 tanks has a different programme and exhibition strategy chosen for it and, inside them, a range of different spaces have been set up to house art in all its forms.

Tank 1, spread across two levels, features a music club upstairs and a cafe downstairs, with curved walls to optimise the acoustics during concerts. A restaurant has been set up in Tank 2 with a large, circular central atrium, whilst a roof terrace also allows diners the option of enjoying a meal in the open air. These two spaces have direct access to ground level, by way of ramps that are covered with the same white metal panels used now used to cover the tanks.

2. Museum of History

2. Right on the main entry access, lies the visitor centre and utility block. For any large public space to run efficiently, the right information and guidance is crucial.

Just behind this lies the Museum of History overlooking the fort precinct. To value a space it’s important to be aware of its past and the purpose of its existence. Thus this centre will provide information about the Colonial history and establishment of the port along with the fort built for defence mechanism.

46

10.2 BUILT MASSES 02 - Promoting Tourism

1.

Cultural Centre 1. Celebration, cultural events, festivities are the highlight of any Indian city. Being Mumbai it only takes the vibrance aa step ahead.

The cultural centre designed as a stepped terrace looks out to both the city on one side and the La-la land on other. This contrasting viewpoints are thus generated to make one aware of its present while appreciating the future prospect the city offers.

Large scale, art galleries, exhibition can be held in this building along with boosting cultural performances, The large plaza alongside can be used for celebrations by neighbourhood people.

2. Waterfront Restaurants 2. Every public development needs to be supported by economical activities that will help generate employment and revenue for the maintenance of the place. Th waterfront restaurants are hence designed to attract people from national and international streams boosting tourism. The form of the structure is derived from the ship as the site had a ship breaking yard. Timber is used as a major element which attributes to the reused timber derived from the industry. The form is organic, flowy resembling the sea and thus will form a major attraction.

47

10.2 BUILT MASSES 03 - Creating Ecological awareness

1.

Ecological centre +Greenhouse 1. The diverse habitat and surrounding marshlands present on the eastern waterfront makes it vital to make people aware of its benefits. The Eco-centre thus will help to motivate and promote to reflect on the depleting green cover from the centre. They say ignorance is bliss, but matters like these need our immediate attention. In the green house, people can experience the Biodiversity and this will be the very first such initiative in the city.

2. Mangrove Boardwalk

2. The Boardwalk sets one right in the lap of nature. The Miyawaki forest pathway leading to the walk aims at creating the experience of a forest trail. Awareness can be created by exhibitions, banners but the best form is always to experience. The boardwalk about 2.7 m wide is thus designed in wood with seatings along inviting tourists and city people to experience the flamingos. It will form a viewing point for the migrating birds and also a mangrove walk.

48

10.3 PROPOSED DESIGN ELEMENTS

49

10.4 PROPOSED MASTER PLAN

Legend:

26 1

2

15 13

5 3

4

16

14 12

6 7

18

13 9

8

17

19 20

20

11

21

10

22

25

23

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

Cultural centre Public Plaza Community centre Landscape amphitheatre Outdoor gym+sports court Senior citizen park Active streets Visitor centre+utility Museum of History Sewri Fort Fishing deck Children's park Refineries- Exhibition spaces Ecological centre Organic farming Botanical garden Sensory park Hedge Maze Waterfront restaurants Promenade Landscape mounds Jetty/ water transport Miyawaki forest Utility+Ticketing Boardwalk Underbridge plaza

24

50

10.5 PROPOSED SITE SECTION 01

2

6

4

3

1 5

1

Community Orchard

Ecological centre

2

3

Leisure Landscape

Waterfront Cafe

4

5

Deck Activities

Miyawaki Forest

6

The section is developed as a stepped landscape descending towards the sea. The built masses are evenly distributed and set within designed landscape. The community garden is set near the road making it easily accessible to the neighbourhood people.

51

10.5 PROPOSED SITE SECTION 02

2

1

5

4

3

6

1

Cultural Centre

Organic landscape steps

2

3

Active streets

Museum of History

4

5

Fort precinct

Water transport

6

The section development along the southern zone consists of the stepped form of cultural centre, the organic landscape, streets with food vendors and stalls, further going down to the fort. This is the busier zone with many activity functions dispersed along the width.

52

10.6 DETAIL SECTION

Section 1A- Eco Centre / Conservatory

1A 1B

Section 1B- Waterfront restaurant 53

11. Key Design Elements

54

ADAPTIVE REUSE- REFINERIES

Industrial heritage builds on the history and identity of a place. It shapes a community’s culture and traditions. The longer the industrial apparatus is present in the skyline, the more that industry becomes a symbol to the place, and the more it identifies with the community’s cultural image.

Art Installation, Northam, Australia

● ● ● ●

Preserve the port history Revamp old buildings Retain Iconic structures Use as installation, exhibition space, community centres

Car Park, Netherland

Tank art centre, Shanghai

55

Proposed view of Refineries

As part of the proposal, the structures-relics of the area’s industrial past, would be transformed as the focal point of a modern-day park, containing vertical gardens, art and performance spaces, and the facade can even serve as an art canvas displaying vernacular art forms. Preserving the tanks not only gives the chance to create a dynamic, interactive, and educational public space, it is also the more affordable, safe, practical and sustainable option. To create a contrasting canvas for the refineries, a kids play area is planned along it.

The two glorify the variation between past and future.

56

Proposed sectional development Green roof Metal truss

The large volume of the existing tank is divided into multi level spaces with addition of new decking floor. The outer facade of the tanks is maintained with addition of a new layer inside which will help cut off the element of toxicity. Further openings are added to introduce play of light and create a dynamic facade. The double height spaces will be used for larger hanging exhibits along with wall arts and displays. Addition of lift block will make the terrace roof accessible to the less abled. An external connecting bridge links all the refineries to create a well connected access.

New inner layer Refinery facade

Metal decking flooring

Section through refinery

Facade glazing

Raised plinth

Wall section

57

Proposed view of the History Museum and Visitors centre

The Museum of history overlooking the fort gives people the opportunity to be aware of its historical relevance. At present the fort is a hidden gem, not really known as a tourist spot, thus restoration will encourage people to visit the same.

58

Envisioned Promenade Activities

Multi level

Shekao Promenade, China

Pedestrian bridge

Amphitheatre

Niederhafen, Hamburg, Germany

Water Taxi stop

Pedestrian bridge, Rhode Island

59

Proposed view of the Promenade overlooking the Boardwalk

Activities such as jogging, leisure walk, seating areas, cycling tracks, shaded roofing are all proposed within the promenade. This gives an opportunity for users of all age groups to come together in the same setup.

60

Proposed view of the Promenade

The proposed waterfront promenade, will be the spine of the the east coast development, it will thus help encourage people and result in decongesting of the high traffic western waterfront for recreations. It will provide an opportunity to the people of all social backgrounds to connect at a common ground.

61

Proposed view of the Restaurant entry

Museum of Arts Lisbon

Rotterdam Clubhouse, Amsterdam

Over the years the industry has employed locals thus providing livelihood to many households.

The curve form of the timber roof is derived from a sail which is thus a tribute to the present ship breaking industry existing on site.

62

Proposed Overview of the Seafront Restaurant

The proposed organic layers of landscape and overlooking seafront terraces shall promote tourism and make it a state of art facility. The multi levels also help in generating various viewpoints thus providing visual access to the site, this in order leads to the user feeling secure and safe at all times.

63

Proposed Overview of the Seafront Restaurant

Metal colonnades

Timber screen Reused timber

Perforated facade

Perforated screens play a vital role in the vernacular architecture of the country. We have seen this influence of mughal architecture further being imbibed into the local style.

The facade for the structure is thus designed in a perforated timber screen, which provides visual connectivity and also prevents obstruction of wind flow thus encouraging natural ventilation.

64

Proposed terrace view of the Seafront Restaurant

The waterfront rooftop is proposed as a 12 mt high block with an open terrace at the roof. This overlooking terrace shall provide unobstructed, stunning views to the mangroves, migrating flamingos and the fort precinct. It is envisioned as a space where one would love to see the morning sun rising in its glory.

65

Proposed concept of the Cultural zone

Key Plan

Massing sketch

The linear block is broken into 2 parts, further sloping each in opposite direction, leading into generation of 2 sloped terraces. Access for each is provided in the form of stepped slab, which makes the entire surface accessible from ground level externally. This shall thus encourage people to utilise the terrace without disturbing the internal exhibition spaces. A green roof proposed on the surface acts as a percolation surface, thus attracting wildlife and biodiversity.

Sectional development

66

Proposed view of the Cultural zone

The cultural centre overlooks the sea on the east and the residential development on the west. The stepped terrace provides spectacular views of the public plaza and activities further overlooking the fort. The will act as an amphitheatre during performances and events held in the plaza. The centre is designed to house a museum and an exhibition space displaying works of Mumbaikars.

67

Proposed roof view of the Cultural centre

Proposed view from the trans harbour link, with the green roof. Green roofs have several advantages including reducing heat island effect, improving air quality, providing habitat for wildlife, reducing stormwater runoff, and extending the lifespan of the roof. Overall, green roofs can have a positive impact on the environment and the community while also providing aesthetic and recreational benefits.

68

Public Plaza Activities in the city

Flea Market, New Delhi

Celebrations

Covent Garden, London

Food festival, New Delhi

Events

Theatre

Carnival, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Celebrating Holi, Mumbai

Flea Markets

Street theatre, Mumbai, India

69

Proposed view of the Cultural centre plaza

Public plazas in Mumbai can host a variety of cultural activities that reflect the diversity of the city's population. These activities can include music and dance performances, festivals, art exhibits, and food fairs. They can also be used as spaces for community gatherings, such as political rallies, religious celebrations and social events. This plaza can also often be used for Yoga classes and other fitness activities.

70

Active Streets and Nodes

Jan Gehl said, ‘when spaces are designed for human proportion and scale they feel safe. In a scale where they can relate and are busier people tend to walk slowly compared to an empty space.’

● ● ● ●

Derived from the city's street character Active public zone Compact dimensions keeping the space oriented.

Activities such as street theatre, flea markets, local fairs, food trucks, Art display

Tel Aviv Israel

Third street promenade, California

71

Proposed view of the Streets

In Mumbai, streets are considered as important public spaces, where people from different backgrounds and cultures interact with one another. Streets are not only used for transportation, but also as places for socializing, vending, and other activities.These streets are designed as narrow linear spaces that can host food stalls, local theatre, fun fairs and a space for the local fishing community to display their skills. It will serve as an economy generating opportunity for the neighbouring communities.

72

Organic Landscaping

● ● ● ● ●

Organic landscape levels Softscape near water edge helps to pertain overflow during flooding Curve pathways generates a free flow Multi levels initiate a sense of visual connect and interest.

Generates a sense of safety and security Koper Park, Slovenia

Tianjin Cultural park

Sketch view of organic landscape

Galaxy Soho, Beijing

73

Proposed view of the landscape paths

Many large open arenas are designed in order to host large scale events. People have the luxury to enjoy these plazas at their own leisure. Flexible open plazas are used for multipurpose setups and events. Senior citizens can take a quiet stroll away from the sea coast promenade and spend an evening with friends.

74

Eco-Awareness

Our environment, which gives us all the necessary elements for our survival, is now in danger with our activities.

Our ill effects include deforestation, pollution, overfishing, natural habitat destruction, etc. These all are causing pain to our mother nature and dreadful scenarios for humans. It is thus a priority today to generate awareness of its existence and further conservation.

● ● ● ● ●

Native landscape with dense network 10-30 years for full growth Attracts biodiversity Creates a natural context and generates interest Protecting the mangroves with natural envelope

National Ecology centre, South Korea

Central facility of Island City, Japan

National Ecology centre, South Korea

75

Proposed view of the Eco- centre

The form of the eco centre is derived from the leaves in nature, flowy, wrapping itself with a glazed facade.

The green roof is accessible given the users a unique experience.it can serve as an urban oasis in a city known for its pollution and lack of green spaces. It can provide a place for people to relax, connect with nature and improve their mental and physical well-being. It can also help to improve air quality by providing a space to grow different plants that can act as natural air purifiers. Landscape elements such as a hedge maze, green mounds, water fountains are distributed along the site.

76

Proposed internal view of the Eco- centre

Mumbai yet does not have its own conservatory. It will serve as a place to relax and connect with nature, especially in urban areas where green spaces are limited. Additionally, conservatories will be used as educational spaces, providing hands-on learning experiences for students and adults alike. They can also be used as a place to grow plants that are not native to the region and can help to improve the air quality.

77

The Mangrove Boardwalk

● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Climate Regulation Coastal Protection Air Purification Preserving biodiversity Ecological awareness Conserving mud lands Tourist attraction

Pasir Ris, Singapore

Bondi beach, Hongkong

The Gardens, Florida

78

Proposed view of the Boardwalk

A boardwalk will allow visitors to explore and appreciate these unique ecosystems without damaging them.

Mangroves play an important role in protecting coastlines from erosion and storms, as well as providing habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species. Boardwalk will allow for better access and education about these important ecosystems, and can also serve as a tool for conservation and ecotourism.

79

The Miyawaki Forest

● ● ● ● ●

Native landscape with dense network 10-30 years for full growth Attracts biodiversity Creates a natural context and generates interest Protecting the mangroves with natural envelope

Urban forest, Kuala Lumpur

Be one with Nature Creating Experience

This Japanese technique has some significant benefits over more traditional forestry methods when used in smaller afforestation projects and is particularly effective in the urban environment.

Flamingo migration, Florida

80

Proposed view of Miyawaki Forest- Camping site

The Miyawaki forest serves as a pathway to the boardwalk. It involves planting a large number of native tree species very closely together, leading to a dense and diverse forest ecosystem. These forests are able to grow quickly and require minimal maintenance, making them a popular choice for urban green spaces.Activities such a camping, school getaways, bonfire nights can be hosted here.

81

12. FORT- PROPOSED RESTORATION

Abandoned deteriorating

Lost Hidden

Inaccessible

Antisocial

It was built by the British East India Company in the 1680s and served as a watchtower for the Bombay Harbour. The fort is also a popular spot for birdwatching as it's the home of flamingoes Restoration, preservation and maintenance of the fort will bring back its former glory.. By means of ambient lighting, native landscape, adding information signages, the fort can be transformed into a social meet up point.

Preserved Informative signages Existing condition

Native landscape

Accessible

Social

Ambient lighting

Proposed restoration

82

12. JETTY- PROPOSED TRANSFORMATION The viewing deck at present is a raw concrete slab. The same can be turned into an active plaza. WIth open exhibitions, fairs, seating areas and landscape it can be converted into a quaint spot. During the flamingo festival, it is widely accessed by people to view the birds. The flooring can be replaced with the raw timber planks extracted from the ship breaking which will retain its true feel.

Existing site

Proposed revamp 83

13. TIMELINE- PROPOSED PHASING

LOCAL CONTEXT Fort precinct restoration Community centre Promenade

NATIONAL CONTEXT Eco-tourism Waterfront restaurants

1

3

2 URBAN CONTEXT History Museum Adaptive Reuse Landscape plaza

4

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM Cultural center Boardwalk Miyawaki forest

84

14. WAY FORWARD

“First we shape the cities – then they shape us.”

“The city throughout the history of mankind has been the meeting place for people. Much of the culture of mankind has happened in the public space. Public space is a very important aspect of a good and well functioning city.”

-Jan Gehl

The proposal if envisioned aims to increase the per capita open space for the city of Mumbai from current 1.3 sqkm/person to the minimum of 9 sq.km / person. If shown light the LaLa Land will provide a much needed breathing space for the inhabitants giving the city something of its own. If envisioned it will help in increase of the POS percentage in Mumbai from the present 6% to 10%.

As most tourist places currently are from the colonial era, this will be the pride of the city in coming years. It is proposed to be an inclusive development that aims to provide a platform for all social hierarchy opening out to communities at all levels. This can be the hope for the future generation and can set a precedent for other unused and underutilised parcels in the city. For economic growth of the country, commercial and residential development is a necessity but along with the same the existence of public open space shall not be ignored. It is only if the built and unbuilt growth together in unanimity will the city of Mumbai truly flourish.

85

15. Bibliography / References

(Adaptive traditions of the Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai, India, n.d.)

Adaptive traditions of the Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai, India. (n.d.). Asla.org. Retrieved 27 January 2022, from https://www.asla.org/2020studentawards/1192.html (Behance, n.d.)

Behance. (n.d.). Behance.net. Retrieved 26 January 2022, from https://www.behance.net/gallery/60820539/An-Illustrated-Documentary (Chaudhary, 2022) Chaudhary, S. (2022, March 28). Homegrown artist illustrates 100 days at home through the house door. Homegrown. https://homegrown.co.in/article/806247/homegrown-artist-illustrates-100-days-at-home-through-the-house-door (City and regional planning, n.d.)

City and regional planning. (n.d.). Upenn.edu. Retrieved 29 March 2022, from https://www.design.upenn.edu/city-regional-planning/graduate/work/mumbai-eastern-waterfront-plan (Frampton, 2006) Frampton, K. (2006). Manuel de Sola-Morales: A Matter of Things. NAI. (Ganatra, 2021) Ganatra, S. (2021, August 5). Mumbai port complex master plan - HCP design, planning and management pvt. Ltd. HCP Design, Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd. https://hcp.co.in/urbanism/mumbai-port-complex-master-plan/

86

(Hudson, 1996) Hudson, B. J. (1996). Cities on the shore: The urban littoral frontier. Cengage Learning EMEA. (Koli woman-The native fisherwoman from Mumbai, n.d.)

Koli woman-The native fisherwoman from Mumbai. (n.d.). Talenthouse. Retrieved 17 March 2022, from https://www.talenthouse.com/item/1535572/c85a38fd (Luco et al., 2022) Luco, A., Florian, M.-C., Pintos, P., Cano, P., Souza, E., Volner, I., Silva, V., Prieto, C., Abdel, H., Chen, C., & Caballero, P. (2022, April 03). ArchDaily.

ArchDaily. http://www.archdaily.com (McGlynn & Hayward, 1993) McGlynn, S., & Hayward, R. (Eds.). (1993). Making better places: Urban design now. Butterworth-Heinemann.

(Metro sky gardens, Mumbai, 2014) Metro sky gardens, Mumbai. (2014, March 15). Arjun Rathi. https://arjunrathi.wordpress.com/2014/03/15/metro-sky-gardens-mumbai (Mumbai’s Eastern Waterfront– Giving the sea back to the city, 2014) Mumbai’s Eastern Waterfront– Giving the sea back to the city. (2014, June 27). Architecture And Conservation. https://architectureandconservation.wordpress.com/2014/06/27/mumbais-eastern-waterfront-giving-the-sea-back-to-the-city/ (Mumbai:Shift, n.d.)

Mumbai:Shift. (n.d.). DA | S. Retrieved 15 March 2022, from https://www.designactionstudio.com/mumbaishift

87

(Rao, 2019) Rao, Y. (2019, August 31). Mumbai Metropolitan Region’s built-up area up 350% in 40 years: Study. Times Of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-metropolitan-regions-built-up-area-up-350-in-40-years-study/articleshow/70918285.cms (Research & Design Cell, 2001) Research, & Design Cell. (2001, December 19). Study of the Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai: A situation analysis, 2001. Research and Design Cell. https://krviadesigncell.wordpress.com/2001/12/19/study-of-the-eastern-waterfront-of-mumbai-a-situation-analysis-2001/ (UDRI, 2016) UDRI. (2016, August 6). A vision plan for Mumbai’s Eastern Waterfront. URBAN DESIGN RESEARCH INSTITUTE. https://www.udri.org/projects/vision-plan-mumbais-eastern-waterfront/ (Venkatraman, 2019) Venkatraman, T. (2019, January 5). Mumbai Port Trust releases plan for revamp of eastern waterfront. The Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-port-trust-releases-plan-for-revamp-of-eastern-waterfront/story-mg3u7FAiBpnt1Z6afCSVMP.html (Rao, 2019) Rao, Y. (2019, August 31). Mumbai Metropolitan Region’s built-up area up 350% in 40 years: Study. Times Of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-metropolitan-regions-built-up-area-up-350-in-40-years-study/articleshow/70918285.cms (Research & Design Cell, 2001) Research, & Design Cell. (2001, December 19). Study of the Eastern Waterfront of Mumbai: A situation analysis, 2001. Research and Design Cell. https://krviadesigncell.wordpress.com/2001/12/19/study-of-the-eastern-waterfront-of-mumbai-a-situation-analysis-2001/

88

Copyright @2022 Manchester, United Kingdom ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manchester School of Architecture Copyright reserved by Heena Jameel Ahmed Shaikh MA Architecture and Urbanism

89