(Capstone report book 2) Human and Product - how would product evolve in the future?

Human and Product How would product evolve in the future

Wong Wing Fung, Harry 18039446D

Capstone 2 Final report booklet

Content Introduction

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Design brief

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Research & Analysis

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Biomaterials and biotechnologies

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Experimentation

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Air filturation

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kinetic wind sculpture

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Insights & Needs Identification

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Design Development

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Final design / solution

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Reflection & Evaluation

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Research method

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References

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Are we designing a right thing?

Are we consuming in right way?

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T o b m

I b t e p i c 8

Executive Summary People believe that current consumption pattern and cultural phenomenon promotes economic growth. However, the economic losses from environmental damage are not taken into account. The lack of awareness of the impact by it, might cause great damage to the natural environment and human well-being. Though time, the problem might build-up and post a greater threat to us.

In the future, would product(things) be nothing more than an approach to carrier of experience, and a toxic for the earth as well? Follow this trend, is it a future that truly good to us?

To deal with the problems that exist in the design industry and consumer and environmental at the same time, it would be made use of design concept, materials, manufacturing process, appearance, user experience, functionality, product life cycle, death stage of product.

This project would propose a practical solution, critical the current situation, guide people to reflect on it. By using biotechnology and biomaterial as a major element to create an air purifier which is bacteria. Bacteria – things existed 4 billion years ago. a word that often brings out a sense of fear in most of us.

In fact, about 1,000 different types of bacteria live in our body. Most of them are good for the human body. They are living with us that closely relevant and necessary to our lives, offering protection to us and our environment. They just like an uncountable numbers of various products that only exist in microworld with different function. They just like an uncountable numbers of various products with different functions that only exist in microworld. Consider this, what if we could bring it from microworld to macroworld, live with bacteria at the physical level by using their biological characteristics? What if product could made of bacteria? Cultivate rather than manufacture product?

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Introduction

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Introduction

Purpose & Rationale With the progress of the times, science and technology are changing with each passing day. People are also increasingly demanding the user experience of products. I want to re-examine and explore the relationship between “people” and “products(things)”. In Primary Industry, there is "Agriculture's Economic Times". The supply of raw agricultural and fishery products, fresh, and limited additional value. In Secondary Industry, there is "Industrial Economic Era". There is full of supply of processing and manufacturing products and higher value-added. The appearance and function of the product are greatly affected by the industrial level. In the process of the research, it is discovered that humanities would be the most important factor.

From the ancient times to the present, all of the profession and discipline are evolving with the times. The purpose of design and the meaning of the designer should evolve with the society, culture, economy, natural environment and politics situation as well. Dunne & Raby point out that why is design only solving problems instead of asking questions? For my case, it might be good to solving the problem through asking a question.

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Introduction

According to the interim research, there is numerous comprehensive, useful and interesting discoveries.

In the beginning to the half part of the research, the product element that in future was considered to be some fixed specific physical element. For example, it should have 5G function, IoT function, e t c b e c a u s e o f t h e t re n d i n t e c h n o l o g y. H o w e v e r, a f t e r completing the entire research process it was discovered that the product should be affected by humanities element. The research involves different categories including physical product, virtual product, consumer behavior and their lifestyle. Results shows that most of the discoveries were humanities related which means the product is user driven. Further, those problems are becoming serious nowadays, and no signs of getting better.

In this modern consumerism, p e o p l e b e l i e v e t h a t c u r re n t 12

consumption pattern and cultural phenomenon promotes economic growth. However, the economic losses from environmental damage are not taken into account. The lack of awareness of the impact by it, might cause great damage to the natural environment and human wellbeing.

Current, there is a vicious cycle between consumer behavior, culture phenomenon and design industry. They are affecting each o t h e r. Fo r e x a m p l e , p e o p l e consume more or act for social identity, and cause the working hours longer. It would reduce the time that people spend with their family or friend due to buying things that they don’t need. In order to fulfill the demand, it might cause design industry over production. The common practice of design for design will appear.

In fact, the vicious cycle would

transform to be Human wellbeing, natural environment and design industry in this era. They will have a negative impact on each other forever, like a snowball effect.

To deal with the problems that exist in the design industry and consumer and environmental at the same time, it would be made use of design concept, materials, manufacturing process, appearance, user experience, functionality, product life cycle, death stage of product.

Th i s p ro j e c t w o u l d p ro p o s e a practical solution, critical t h e c u r re n t s i t u a t i o n , g u i d e people to reflect on it. By using biotechnology and biomaterial as a major element to create an air purifier which is bacteria. Bacteria – things existed 4 billion years ago. a word that often brings out a sense of fear in most of us.

Introduction

In fact, about 1,000 different types of bacteria live in our body. Most of them are good for the human body. They are living with us that closely relevant and necessary to our lives, offering protection to us and our environment. They just like an uncountable numbers of various products that only exist in microworld with different function.

They just like an uncountable numbers of various products with different functions that only exist in microworld. Consider this, what if we could bring it from microworld to macroworld, live with bacteria at the physical level by using their biological characteristics? What if product could made of bacteria?

Cultivate rather than manufacture product?

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Design brief

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Design brief

Objective The design should able to propose a practical solution, critical the current situation, guide people to reflect on it by using biotechnology and biomaterial to create product.

In order to solve the problems that exist in the design industry and consumer and environmental at the same time, it would be made use of design concept, materials, manufacturing process, appearance, user experience, functionality, product life cycle, death stage of product.

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Design brief

Design - Draft design concept - Create design criteria - Narrow down the design concept Materials - Research on biomaterials and biotechnologies that could be used in product application - Create criteria of biomaterial and biotechnology selection - Select the potential biomaterial and biotechnology - Design a new criteria based on the design concept and the selected biomaterial - Experimentation - Study about chemical modification Function - Study about air flow - Study about kinetic wind sculpture Design - Final design concept

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Research & Analysis

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Research & Analysis

Research on biomaterials and biote Initial stage The research was focus on explore the ideal biomaterial and biotechnology that could be used in product application and fit to the design concept which is sense of life. In the earlier stage, the research was focus on cell and cell tissue. There was a lot of discoveries shows that 3D bioprinting technology and those bioactive materials in medical aspect has the potential to apply in product manufacturing. For example, the properties of them can be used as a part of product such as articular cartilage, red muscle, white muscle, skeleton or blood vessel.

However, there has issue of moral and it should be took serious. Then, the design focus was move to the microorganism which is bacteria.

Study about bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus, a bacterium that can produce a large amount of a natural polymer synthesized named "Bacterial cellulose�. Currently, it is mostly used in medical and beauty aspect. Therefore, this is a bacterium that does not harm the human body. Depends on cultivation environment and processing methods, it can eventually become a flaky material with different characteristics. To apply in product design aspect, it is very important to understand the characteristics the selected bacterium. To cultivate this material, it needs air, sugar, tea, or rotten fruits.

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Research on biomaterials and biotechnologies

echnologies

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Research & Analysis

Key property - 3D ultra-fine nano-network Contributes to the preliminary physical capturing of PM particles

The material consist of 3D Ultra-fine nanofiber network. Apart from the basic properties have been clarified from medical and beauty aspect, I have been conducted a lot of experiment in different treatment to explore possibilities in product applications. Besides It can be created in different form and dyed in different colors which vital to product design aspect.

As a biomaterial, it can has additional properties such as antibacterial by adding Isolated Soy Protein. Based on the experimentation, it showed potential in air filtration.

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Research on biomaterials and biotechnologies

Basic property

Adjustable property

Biodegradable Tough Flexible Translucent Leather-like texture High hydrophilicity High breathability Heat resistance Ultra-fine nanofiber network Good mechanical properties

Non-antibacteria ↓ Antibacteria bathing it in certain material, etc High hydrophilicity ↓ Waterproof coat coconut oil, etc Non-magnetism ↓ Magnetism bathing it in a solution with iron particles when it was still undried

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Air filtration According to the research and experimentation that I have conducted, it showed potential in air filtration of this material.

It shows a soy protein isolate (SPI) and bacterial cellulose (BC) are employed to study the potential of biomaterials as high efficiency air filtering materials. Soy protein isolate contains many functional groups on its structure.

The 3D nano-network of BC contributes to the preliminary physical capturing of PM particles, while the functional groups of SPI further attract the PM particles via electrostatic attraction and dipole interaction between the filter materials and the PM particles. It is found that the resulting SPI/BC composite with the appropriately modified SPI possesses extremely high removal efficiencies for particulate pollutants with a broad range of sizes: 99.94% and 99.95% for PM2.5 removal efficiency and PM10, respectively, under extremely hazardous air conditions, while maintaining a very high air penetration rate of 92.63%. The mechanism responsible for this high filtration performance of the SPI/BC composite material is analyzed.

These study results reveal that functional structures of the biomaterial provide a huge potential for applications in green multi-functional air filters.

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Basic modification for optimized air purification efficiency Bacterial cellulose 3D ultra-fine nano-network of BC contributes to the preliminary physical capturing of PM particles.

Modification - adding Isolated Soy Protein Material that offer better particle filtering effect and antibacterial ability. While the functional groups of SPI further attract the PM particles via electrostatic attraction and dipole interaction between the filter materials and the PM particles.

Air purification efficiency High air penetration High BFE PM10 99.95% PM2.5 99.94% Etc 25

Research & Analysis

Initial experimentation

To apply it into product design aspect, it required a lot to experimentation to explore the possibility.

In the experiment of cultivation, the bacterial cellulose was very easy to be cutivated. Once the Scoby(bacterium) was put into the nutrient solution that consist of tea, sugar and water, it would start to create bacterial cellulose The experiment shows that the quantity of Bacterial cellulose were increased with time from day 1 to day 28 without any interference in the whole process.

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Initial experimentation

Cultivation Indoor without sunlight | Scoby (Bacterium), Water, Tea, Sugar

Day 1

Day 14

Day 28 27

Research & Analysis

Processing - Drying with forming Indoor natural drying | 21°C | 7 Day to dry

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Initial experimentation

As the material is acidic, some type of metal could not be the containers.

Compare to dry it directly after harvest, manual w r i n g i n g b e f o re d r y i n g would greatly improve the drying efficiency.

Th e d r i e d m a t e r i a l w a s very tough. It became high transparent. The content that unther the material can be easily recognize even it with similar colors.

Some sample has been in a semi-dry statethat dried in indoor and airtight space like it was never dried.

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Research & Analysis

Processing - Drying with forming Hair dryer | 60°C | 12 Minutes to dry

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Initial experimentation

The material dose had some smell after it dried. In the drying with forming process, it was not easy to took off from the smooth glass or stone mold after dried. The result shows that there were different texture of 2 surface. The surface in contact with the smooth container was smoother. The surface in contact with air was rough.

The shrinkage characteristics of the material during the drying process make the edges part thicken and harder.

Through testing, it was found that the mobile phone can be slid when material covered on the screen, which can be regarded as a kind of conductive film.

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Research & Analysis

Processing - Drying with forming Oven | 100°C | 5 Day to dry

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Initial experimentation

In this experimentation, the material has cut into small pieces and put them together layer by layer to dry.

The result shows that it could be stitch together automatically because of the fiber structure.

Fu rt h e r, d a m a g e d m at e r i a l s c a n automatically repaired by overlapping during the drying process.

The high drying temperature would make it harder and less flexibility. Cold temperatue is the opposite.

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Research & Analysis

Processing - Drying with forming Oven | 100°C | 50 minutes to dry 1. moding

3. dried result 34

2. dried result - oven

4. performance in wave

5. performance in bump structu

ure

Initial experimentation

Here is trying to identify the molding performance of silicon model. The result shows that it was very easy to took off. In forming performence, bacterial cellulose was a material that possible be formed in wave and bump structure. The structure was strong enough to support the material itself. The dried model did not decay or deform with time.

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Research & Analysis

Processing - Manually forming (Origami) Hair dryer | 60°C | 12 minutes to dry 1. cleaned material

3. layering damaged part 36

2. wring

3. layering damaged part

5. performance in Origami stru

Initial experimentation

In this sample, I was trying to identify the modeling performance of dried bacterial cellulose.

First, the materials has dried by hot air at falt surface. Then folded it manually likes Origami. The folding experience was similar to folding a harder plastic folder. The structure was strong enough to support the material itself and able to holding the folded shape. The folded material can be further fully folded and Fully expanded. The folded model did not decay or deform with time.

ucture 37

Research & Analysis

Interim materials expe

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Interim materials experiment

eriment To ensure it can be applied in product application It needs to be futher processed. In this stage, there were few major purpose of testing: Discover the way to remove bacterial cell debris to prevent the microbial pollution to the environment when he was abandoned.

Discover the way to make it become odorless.

Discover the way to remove the original color completely.

Discover the way to remove the color.

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Research & Analysis

NaOH | 0.1 mol/L | Distilled water | 21°C | 60 minutes | 1 time

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Interim materials experiment

The color is slightly lighter in overall looks. In partial, the edges are obviously discolored.

The transparency of edge was significantly higher. It smell odorless.

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Research & Analysis

NaOH | 0.1 mol/L | Distilled water | 75°C | 60 minutes | 1- 3 times

The color was slightly lighter after the first time of processing and odorless overall.

The color was significantly lighter whiter and became transparent in the second times.

In the third times, the color became more lighter and whither but still had slightly creamy-white tone.

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Interim materials experiment

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Research & Analysis

NaOH | 1 mol/L | Distilled water | 80°C | 30 minutes | 1 - 4 times

The color was slightly lighter after the first time of processing and odorless overall. The edge and thin part had more transparency.

The color was slightly lighter and had transparent overallin the second times.

In the third times, the color became significantly lighter and turn completely white instead of creamy-white.

In the fourth times, the color and transparency was the same but it started to had frizz.

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Interim materials experiment

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Research & Analysis

NaOH | 5 mol/L | Distilled water | 80°C | 60 minutes | 1 times

There was some slippery liquid in the surface of the material. It might be the residue of sodium hydroxide as the concentration ratio of the solution was 50 times higher of the first experiment did.

The color was deeper. It had very strong smell of sodium hydroxide solution. The slippery touch feeling and smell dose not gotting better after washing by water.

The size of material was became smaller. The texture was became firmer and elastic. It might because the fiber strength weakened, it could be easily torn.

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Interim materials experiment

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Research & Analysis

Result - Indoor natural drying Different processing treatment

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To ensure it can have better performence as a air filtration material, it needs to have more chemical modification to make it has additional properties which is antibacterial by adding Isolated Soy Protein.

The stage of this experimentation was testing that would the forming and coloring abilities be affected after the chemical modification.

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Research & Analysis

Final materials experim

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Final materials experiment

ment To ensure it can have better performence as a air filtration material, it needs to have more chemical modification to make it has additional properties which is antibacterial by adding Isolated Soy Protein.

The stage of this experimentation was testing that would the forming and coloring abilities be affected after the chemical modification.

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Research & Analysis

Property modification - Antibacteria Bacterial cellulose (small pieces) | Isolated Soy Protein (solutions) | Distilled water

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Final materials experiment

B e f o re a d d i n g t h e n e w property, it had to cut the bacterial cellulose that has been treated with sodium hydroxide into small pieces and then smashed into emulsion. After that, put the bacterial cellulose that well mixed with isolated Soy protein at the mold.

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Research & Analysis

Processing - Coloring & Forming BC in small pieces | ISP solutions | Distilled water Food coloring | Stirring | 30 minutes

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Final materials experiment

A ft e r t h e u n s at i s f a c t o r y coloring by using water c o l o r, f o o d c o l o r i n g becamse the new option.

The food coloring had added into isolated Soy protein before mixing with the bacterial cellulose.

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Research & Analysis

Result - Indoor natural drying Full process

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Final materials experiment

The result shows that shredded bacterial cellulose became complete piece after dried. There are different texture of 2 surface. The surface in contact with the smooth container was smoother. The surface in contact with air was rough. The small wave was still well formed by using silicon mold.

There result of coloring performence was satisfactory. The color is very uniform and it dose not fade.

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Research & Analysis

Research on air filturat

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Research on air filturation

tion

Th ro u g h t h e re s ea rc h a n d ex p e r i m e n t at i o n o n t h e biomaterial, it shows the potential in air filtration. In order to make this material applicable to air purification, there has some research that conducted. According to research, spiral structure could guide the wind flow.

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Research & Analysis

Pore structure

Undulating surface

These was two types of pattern that could apply on the surface detail to achieve the goal while extending product life by expanding air contact area.

They could be folded by hand like Origami, waves and honeycomb-like shapes 60

Research on air filturation

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Research & Analysis

Ma in st ru c t u re - Pore Su rfa c e - w a v e

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Ma in st ru c t u re - w a v e Su rfa c e - c on c a v e

Ma Su r

Research on air filturation

in st ru c t u re - w a v e rfa c e - w a v e

Based on the research, there has limitation that the air circulation might be becomes worse if those holes or creases too deep. Perhaps fusing both type of structures together could optimize the pollution-absorbing capacity.

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Final design direction

High efficiency propeller

To have better understanding in some object that rely to carry their function by spiral shape, I did some research about propeller. It shows that oval form had higher efficiency. The top and bottom part should narrow, the middle part should wider.

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Research on air filturation

Filter structure - Traditional air purifier

Household air filters are typically made up of cotton or a polyester-blend and they are usually layering or folded into an accordion-like pleat. There are two immediate reasons why a filter would be folded rather than laid out in a flat configuration, and both work together to help the air filter deliver better air quality than a flat filter.

Firstly, filters folded into pleats creates more surface area for the filter which allows it to capture more particulates.

Secondly, folding a fabric filter in this manner also decreases the space it takes to fill an area; you’d be able to fit a folded filter into a smaller area without sacrificing the filter’s maximum capacity for capturing particulates compared to a flat filter. For example, a flat filter that shares the same filter frame dimensions of a pleated filter will have less surface area than the pleated filter, and therefore will capture a smaller amount of particulates.

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Final design direction

Filter structure - Heat sink

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Research on air filturation

In the research of heat sink, it shows the same design principle that layering structure could help in guiding air flow and improve the efficiency.

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Final design direction

Research on kinetic wi

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Research on kinetic wind sculpture

ind sculpture

As the theme of the design concept is sense of life, the features of kinetic wind sculpture was very suit to it. The sculpture could wave by wind and the movement could present the sense of life very well.

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Insights & Needs Identification

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Insights & Needs Identification

Materials

This is a material that could be cultivated without mining or breeding and killing animals. The cost o solution is cheap and it does not need anyone interference in the whole cultivating process. It is als manufacturing process. Therefore, it is an environmental friendly material. The rarity of this mater audience's which pursuit of freshness and rarity.

Processing

The processing process is very simple and environmental friendly. It could be formed by natural air choose carefully when using metal containers. Metal wire might not a good choice for the framework ideal option and it can be reused. After drying, the strong characteristics allow it to build in a 3D struct

The feature of color fading with the times of processing allow it to preserve the originality of the mater prevent microbial infections.

The feature of transparent make it has good light transmission and can be used to make lamp. It coul it has more flexibility in packaging. As a biomaterial, it can has additional properties such as antibact After chemical modification, the forming abilities did not decrease.Based on the experimentation, it s satisfying result of coloring makes it more applicable to product design.

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Insights & Needs Identification

of cultivation is very low. The nutrient so less relies on traditional industrial rial also just responds to the target

r. As the material is acidic, it should k or mold. Silicon mold would be the ture.

rial while removing the cell debris to

ld be further forming manually make terial by adding Isolated Soy Protein. showed potential in air filtration. The

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Final Design / Solution

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Final Design / Solution

IKIMONO Biobased | Air purifier | Sculpture Background This project delved into the vision of product evolution in Hong Kong and even Asia. Research shows that there are a wide range of factors to consider, such as consumer behavior, cultural phenomenon and design industry the consumerism and the experience economy era. It exists a vicious cycle between human well-being, the design industry and the natural environment in this era. Through time, the negative impact might build-up like a snowball and post a greater threat to us.

Design concept IKIMONO - a bacteria-based air purifier which is nonelectric. The design concept corresponds to a speculated future air has been polluted future based on current situation. The application of biotechnology and biomaterials has been popularized. The design would bring user into the context of speculated future by present daily necessities from the future physically by using bacterium-based air purifier. By applying the methodology from speculative design, it aims to critical the current situation and guide people to reflect on it. Further, proposing a practical solution by new way of product making with real function by using bacterial cellulose. Explore the possibility in product application by using the original characteristics of different bacteria. Ultimately, developing a new eco-friendly material that could make in product without industrial manufacturing.

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Final Design / Solution

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Final Design / Solution

The height of filter is refer to the exsit area of PM 10 to PM2 particles do.

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Final Design / Solution

To take the responsibility on the death stage of product. The base is made of steel as the product life is longer. The filtter is replaceable and biodegradable.

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Final Design / Solution

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Final Design / Solution

The chemically modified bacterial cellulose has extremely high removal efficiencies for particulate pollutants with a broad range of sizes: 99.94% and 99.95% for PM2.5 removal efficiency and PM10, respectively, under extremely hazardous air conditions, while maintaining a very high air penetration rate of 92.63%.

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Final Design / Solution

vv

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Final Design / Solution

Layering structure could maximum air contact area in certain size while maintaining the spacing.

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Final Design / Solution

Apart from practical function, refer to the Consumer behavior, Cultural phenomenon, it is also a kinetic wind sculpture. A small mechanism of connection allow the fitter wave when it is blown by the wind.

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Reflection & Evaluation

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Reflection & Evaluation

Reflection & Evaluation Through the research there were numerous useful, comprehensive and interesting discoveries. In the beginning to the half part of the research, the product element that in future was considered to be some fixed specific physical element.

For example, it should have 5G function, IoT function, etc because of the trend in technology. However, it was discovered after completing the entire research process, which is the product should be affected by humanities element. The research being conducted involves different

categories including physical product, virtual product, consumer behavior, lifestyle. Most of the humanities fact are connected.

Further, those problems might become serious nowadays, and no signs of getting better.

project, my design vision has been greatly improved. The future is in our hands. As a designer, it need to take the social responsibility.

I n t h e w h o l e d e s i g n p ro c e s s , b i o t e c n o l o g y a n d b i o m at e r i a l werepart of the design concept. I realised that To a certain extent, the production process and materials of the product can help convey the concept. Through this capstone

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Research design and method

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Research method

Research method Reading book Reading article / paper Research on Ted talk Research on internet Interview with material expert Experimentation

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Desk research/pilot study

1) Desk research/pilot study Dunne, Raby (2013) indicated that, critical design is able to change the values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of people.20 Related to the aim, it would be good to use the methodology in critical design. Generally, critical design has a certain degree of functionality. It can inspire the thinking of people about realistic and complex issues when they interact with it.

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Research method

2) Survey (36 Participants) Basic information 1.

What is the age group of you?

(5.6%) Age. 11-17 (94.4%) Age. 18-28 2.

What is your gender?

(66.7%) Male (33.3%) Female

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Survey

Verification of the discoveries in consume pattern: 1.

Do you think that frequency of people’s buying is increasing year by year?

(83.3%) Agree (16.7%) Disagree 2.

Do you think that people use consumption as a means of showing their financial resources?

(86.1%) Agree (13.9%) Disagree 3.

Do you think that people will buy for fun?

(92.7%) Agree (2.8%) Disagree 4.

Do you think that people will consume for enhance social identity?

(94.4%) Agree (5.6%) Disagree 5.

Do you think that people will consume for sense of freshness?

(97.2%) Agree (2.8%) Disagree 6.

Do you think that people will be affected by stars to buy specific products?

(86.1%) Agree (13.9%) Disagree 7.

Do you think that the above situation is a common things in this era.

(66.7%) Agree (33.3%) Disagree

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Research method

Verification of awareness about the impact in consumption pattern: 1.

Do you think that frequent consumption will bring benefits to the economy?

(83.3%) Agree (16.7%) Disagree 2.

Have you thought about the impact that frequent consumption will have on the natural environment?

(58.3%) Yes (41.7%) No 3.

Do you think that the general public is fully aware that frequent consumption will cause damage to the global environment?

(11.1%) Agree (88.9%) Disagree 4.

Do you think that companies will make overproduction in order to satisfy the desire for consumption of people to obtain benefits?

(94.4%) Agree (5.6%) Disagree 5.

Do you think that from a business perspective, the common practices of design for design will appear in order to satisfy the desire for consumption of people to obtain benefits?

(94.4%) Agree (5.6%) Disagree 6.

Do you think that general public is aware of the negative impact of frequent consumption on the design industry?

(13.9%) Yes (86.1%) No 7.

Have you ever thought about that Human well-being might affect by consume frequently?

(30.6%) Yes (69.4%) No

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Secondary interview

3) Secondary interview – People who Living paycheck-topaycheck Sunday report (2019) indicated that according to a survey, one in every four young people in Hong Kong is " Living paycheck-to-paycheck " which means they spend as much as they get every month and run out before the end of the month.21 Interviewee – Wing (age.24) Living paycheck-to-paycheck for buying Pay for happy, pursuit of freshness, herd mentality, unplanned consumption, impulsive consumption, lack of future planning. Desire of consumption are accumulated step by step while school life. Release of consumption desires during working period. It is also the opportunity for excessive consumption. Finally, more wanton consumption when she learnt more brands.

A financial company interviewed 500 Hong Kong young people in 2018 shows that 20-28 years old 25% are moonlight. The reasons that they can't save money is eating in the restaurant, shopping, travelling, low salary.

Random street interviews:

A: Generally, our consumption

concept is we consume how much we have. We have thought about managing money, but it is difficult to us.

B: I will save without a plan. When

I have money left, I will save it, but I won’t save it intentionally. Also, there is no specific amount of money that I want to save.

C: Low income is one of the difficulties. Further, the monthly expenditure is too much.

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Often used

Unused

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References

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References Anthony, D & Fiona, R (2013). Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming. Cambridge, MIT Press Yron, S. M. (2017, April 21). Bold, beautiful, iconic British design. Bold, Beautiful, Iconic British Design. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/27/europe/gallery/great-british-designs/index.html LCW. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2019, from https://www.eamesoffice.com/the-work/lcw/.

MacKay, J. (2019, April 5). Screen time stats 2018: How your phone impacts your workday – RescueTime.

Retrieved October 2, 2019, from https://blog.rescuetime.com/screen-time-stats-2018/.

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