1. Kelly Shannon and Marcel Smets, The Landscape of Contemporary Infrastructure (Rotterdam: nai010, 2010). 2. Marcel Smets, “Setting the Capsule Free” (lecture, Urban Form of Mobility conference, Flemish Association of Urban Planners, Brussels, September 27, 2002), http://www.piarc.org/ressources/documents/982,Open-capsule-3-Kralow.pdf. 3. Joan Busquets, Catalunya Continental: Rail Infrastructure as the Backbone of Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2008). See also Joan Busquets, Maastricht Urban Surplus (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2008); and in recent projects, 2008: Lisboa, regeneration area TGV station and Estaçao do Oriente (Portugal); 2008: Redeveloping Railway triangle. (Amsterdam). 2010: Coimbra, Portugal, urban project for the mixed-use development of the TGV station area, found at http://www.bau-barcelona. com/joan-busquets/profile/11-Recent%20 projects. See also Manuel de Solà-Morales,
A Matter of Things (Rotterdam: nai010, 2008); see the project on Leuven or the urban ports of Genoa, Thessaloniki, Trieste, Antwerp, and Almere, with special mention of the Moll de la Fusta in Barcelona, the port of Saint-Nazaire, Porto’s Atlantic seafront, and Scheveningen Boulevard. 4. Felipe Correa and Carlos Garciavelez Alfaro, Mexico City: Between Geometry and Geography (San Francisco: Applied Research and Design Publishing, 2015); and Felipe Correa and Ramiro Almeida, eds., A Line in the Andes (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2012). 5. Stan Allen, “Infrastructural Urbanism,” in Points + Lines: Diagrams and Projects for the City (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999), 52. 6. The urban design studio that I cotaught at MIT in spring 2015 explored the possibilities of infrastructure in informal settlements when provided before encroachment. See studio syllabus: https://architecture .mit. edu/sites/architecture.mit.edu/files /attachments/course/4.163%20UD%20 Syllabus_Bello_Samper.pdf. 7. The Metrocable together with Porto’s metro received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design in 2013. The webpage prepared by the board directed by Joan Busquets explains the Medellín project in detail; see http://www.urbandesignprize.org /past/medellin. 8. See the George Collins Collection on Linear City Planning, Harvard University, http:// oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver /deepLink?_collection=oasis&uniqueId=des00004. 9. George Collins, “Linear Planning throughout the World,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 18, no. 3 (1959): 74–93. 10. George Collins, “The Ciudad Lineal of Madrid,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 18, no. 3 (1959): 38–53. 11. Ibid. 12. In a recent conversation, Erioseto Hendranata and Dessen Hilman—MIT alumni from Jakarta—shared that food would be the key program for such intermingling to happen in these public spaces.
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conclusion, we can see that in the 21st century the design of linear urbanism, different from Soria’s utopian vision, has tried to cope with the point city of the past and introduce infrastructural lines that articulate mobility while providing for collective public spaces and programs.