A Powerful, Proactive Approach To Fight Invasive Pests And Diseases
Rapid globalization is fundamentally changing grape growing p ractices. In the face of expanding imports of invasive pests and diseases from around the world and nation, California’s winegrape growers today rely on the innovative grower-government partnership created two decades ago. The Pierce’s Disease/Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Board is the winegrape growers’ most powerful and innovative approach to r apidly and proactively respond to emerging pest and disease threats—a program that has matured faster and progressed further than anyone could have anticipated when growers established it afterTemecula vineyards were decimated in the 1990s. Field trials are showing promising results, PD-resistant winegrapes and other control techniques are headed toward commercial availability, and research continues to search for practical and sustainable solutions and c ontrol methods for PD, GWSS, and other serious winegrape pests and d iseases. Through it all, the PD/GWSS Board, guided by winegrape growers and vintners from around the state, ensures that a ssessment funds are spent wisely and productively.
Partnership For Winegrape Pest Solutions
Growers’ decision 20 years ago to fund research to p rotect their industry opened the door to a grower-government partnership that is paying dividends today. Thanks to s tatewide containment and management efforts funded by the federal and state government, GWSS has
Where It Comes From
largely been prevented from spreading to new areas. This has g iven researchers time to search for long-term, sustainable solutions to PD/ GWSS, supported by funds collected via the PD/GWSS Winegrape Assessment. By sharing r esponsibility, this partnership effectively addresses the pest and disease challenges facing California winegrape growers.
Federal Dollars State Dollars Industry Dollars
How It Is Spent
Federal Program Operations State Program Operations Research Other
Research At Work For You
The Board has made extensive progress investing in research that protects vineyards, prevents spread and delivers practical and sustainable solutions. The consistent, reliable research funding made possible by the PD/GWSS assessment means our industry supports leading scientists dedicated to PD and other serious pests and diseases threatening winegrapes. The rapid progress made in finding a solution to PD, from the start of research to field trials, has been unparalleled. Extensive research efforts since the program started have delivered many potential solutions to PD that are already undergoing field trials. P romising results from these field trials may lead to commercial applications that could ease the statewide threat of PD.
$45.4 Million for Research Since 2001 $34.3 million for PD/GWSS research $6.3 million for other pests and diseases $2.9 million for field trials $1.2 million for insecticide studies $0.46 million for grapvine tissue culture and transformation $0.29 million for economic analyses
Board-funded Research Projects for 2019-2020: Pierce’s Disease and Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter
• Addressing
knowledge gaps in Pierce’s disease
• Management
of insecticide resistance in glassy-winged
epidemiology: Underappreciated vectors, genotypes,
sharpshooter populations using toxicological, bio-
and patterns of spread.
chemical, and genomic tools.
• Breeding
• Management
• Field
PD-resistant winegrapes.
evaluation of cross-graft protection effective
of the federal permits for field-testing
transgenic grapevine rootstocks in California.
against PD by dual DNA constructs expressed in
• Molecular
transgenic grape rootstocks.
PD-resistant winegrapes.
• Generating
• Optimizing
PD-resistant grapevines using
breeding support for the development of
biological control of PD with Paraburk
CRISPR/Cas9 and traditional transgenic approaches.
holderia phytofirmans.
• Geographic
• Testing
distribution of isolate virulence in
of grapevines designed to block vector trans
Xylella fastidiosa collected from grape in California
mission of Xylella fastidiosa.
and its effect on host resistance.
• Transgenic
• Grape
scion by single and stacked DNA constructs.
protoplast isolation and regeneration of plants
for use in gene editing technology.
rootstock-mediated protection of grapevine
Board-funded Research Projects for 2019-2020: Other Designated Pests and Diseases
•A
study on the impact of individual and mixed leafroll
infections on the metabolism of ripening wine grape berries. • Biology
and role of treehoppers in grapevine red blotch
disease. • Ecology
• Improving
barriers to adoption of management practices using leaf roll and red blotch disease as model systems. • Resistance
of grapevine red blotch virus .
• Education
and outreach for the Grapevine Certification
extension outcomes: identifying drivers and
to grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 and
the grape mealybug. • Seasonal
ecology and transmission efficiency of three-
and Registration Program, and an assessment of recently
cornered alfalfa hopper and other novel insect vectors
established production blocks.
of grapevine red blotch associated virus.
• Effects
of grapevine red blotch disease on flavor and flavor
precursor formation in the grape and on wine quality. • Grapevine
virus management in Lodi: a collaborative
research and integrated outreach effort to help solve a statewide challenge. • Identification
of grape cultivars and rootstocks with
resistance to vine mealybug. • Improved
understanding of virus transmission and
managementt of key vector(s) associated with grapevine red blotch virus.
• Structure-function
studies on grapevine red blotch virus
to elucidate disease etiology. • Timing
of field transmission of grapevine red blotch-
associated virus. • Understanding
symptomology and physiological effects
of red blotch disease in vineyards in Oregon’s Willamette Valley. • Virus-based
delivery of interfering RNAs targeting grape-
vine leafroll-associated virus(es) and associated mealybugs.
Primed for New Threats
In today’s global economy, California’s wine industry is
Winegrape assessment funds have supported research
constantly under the threat of new pests and diseases.
and outreach on other serious pests and diseases of wine-
Quick action is essential to eliminate emerging threats.
grapes, including:
The PD/GWSS Board and assessment gives the wine-
• European
grape industry the ability to respond rapidly, without the
• Brown
need for additional legislation or other delays. This puts
• Mealybugs
key decisions for funding research and outreach in the
• Grapevine
red bloth (GRBaV)
hands of the winegrape growers.
• Grapevine
leafroll disease
A remarkable success which the PD/GWSS Board partic-
• Grapevine
fanleaf disease
ipated in was the eradication of the European grapevine moth from five counties within one year of its detection. This fast response saved the winegrape industry hundreds of millions of dollars in crop loss, treatments, and loss of markets.
grapevine moth (EGVM)
marmorated stink bug (BMSB)
Two Decades of Successes
20 YEARS since the PD/GWSS combination first d evasted vineyards in Temecula Valley and was poised to spread
000 of research projects since 2001. 3 MILLION number of PD-resistant winegrape vines
statewide 6 pests and diseases
and roots headed toward commercial availability.
designated as serious threats, including, European grapevine
$32 MILLION spent on Pierce’s disease and glassy-
moth (eradicated in 2016), grapevine red blotch disease,
winged sharpshooter research.
brown marmorated stink bug, mealybugs, grapevine leafroll
$4.9 MILLION spent on research for other pests and
disease and grapevine fanleaf disease.
diseases.
$1.42 PER $1,000 of crop value annual California $66.87 MILLION total revenue from the California
$2.8 MILLION spent on PD field trials. $1.2 MILLION spent on insecticide studies. 15 Pierce’s Disease Research Symposia held to bring
winegrape assessment since 2001.
together leading researchers to share new ideas &
$20 MILLION
research progress.
winegrape grower assessment rate average.
a year in federal and state funding to
control and prevent the further spread of GWSS.
2.66 MILLION biological control agents released at
$45.4 MILLION total spent on research by the PD/GWSS
agricultural, riparian, and urban sites in 16 California
Board since 2001.
counties.
$3 MILLION+ of winegrape grower assessment dollars are spent each year on research and other efforts to find solutions to PD and other pests and diseases.
For more information: CDFA PD Control Program—www.cdfa.gov/pdcp PD/GWSS Board—www.pdgwss.net Pierce’s Disease Research—www.piercesdisease.org November 2019 | Printed on 100 percent recycled paper