(Re)thinking Architecture - Late Modern Palace of Culture - Barbora Tothova by Gebäudelehre und Entwerfen

(Re)thinking Architecture Late Modern Palace of Culture

Barbora Tothova

GSEducationalVersion

Diplomarbeit (Re)thinking Architecture Late Modern Palace of Culture

ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlagung des akademischen Grades einer Diplom-Ingenieurin unter der Leitung Univ.Prof. Tina Gregoric Dekleva, Dipl.-Ing. M.Arch. (AA Dist) E253/1, Abteilung für Gebäudelehre und Entwerfen eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von Barbora Tothova 01429993 barboratothova.co@gmail.com Wien, Mai 2019

ABSTRACT

Countries of the former Eastern Block are still very much characterized by the remaining buildings of the past regime. As these buildings often have both a representative function and attractive location, in some cases situated right by the city centre, a discussion is being opened nowadays about their future, how to preserve, transform or adapt them to the needs of a modern city in the 21st century. Slovakia, as one of the former communist countries, has many iconic buildings left. In the late 1960s, Slovak architecture was shaped and influenced by the current political climate, which was going through a phase of democratization, normalization and political repression. Nevertheless, since the 1990s, most of these buildings have met with negative reactions from the public. They are still perceived as megalomaniac structures produced by the former communist regime, therefore generally not held with much respect. From historical perspective, their massive dimensions often caused disruption to the urban structure. As a consequence they are either refused to be recognized as national cultural heritage, or criticized because of the totalitarian ideology people think these buildings were meant to represent. As a result they were left to decay for many decades and changed from late modern palaces into iconic ruins. Unfortunately, this is not a unique phenomenon, but an issue that is occurring across the whole country and beyond. Moreover, demolition of architectural and artistic works is currently under way, however, they are not being sufficiently replaced by buildings that would serve a public or cultural purpose. The Trade Union House in Bratislava, formerly called Palace of Culture, belongs to the iconic works of modern architecture of the 20th century. Yet the building’s potential of becoming a congress and cultural centre, thanks to its generous scale, is still greatly underrated by the city. In the context of Bratislava, it represents a unique public place with rich history and great cultural value. Its message for next generations lies not only in great architecture but also captures various social events of the late 20th century that took place here. By destroying this work an important historical period and essential part of the city’s identity would be erased as well. As of today it is still questionable what will happen with this building in the long run, however, an open discussion should take place in order to ensure the right decision was made.

ABSTRAKT

Die Länder aus dem ehemaligen Ostblock sind immer noch sehr stark durch die aus dem alten Regime übergebliebenen Gebäude gekennzeichnet. Diese Gebäude haben oft sowohl eine representative Funktion als auch eine attraktive Lage, mitunter gleich neben dem Stadtzentrum. Darum wird heutzutage eine Diskussion bezüglich der Zukunft dieser Gebäuden eröffnet, in der man die Preservation, Transformation und die Adaptation für die Bedürfnisse einer modernen Stadt im 21. Jahrhundert behandelt. Die Slowakei, als eines der ehemaligen kommunistichen Staaten, hat viele ikonische Gebäude übrig. In den späten 60er Jahren war die slowakische Architektur durch die politischen Umstände der Demokratisierung, Normalisierung und der politischen Repression beeinflusst. Nichtsdestotrotz sind die meisten von diesen Gebäuden seit den 90er Jahren mit überwiegend negativen Reaktionen seitens der Öffentlichkeit konfrontiert worden. Sie werden immer noch als megalomanische Strukturen des ehemaligen kommunistischen Regimes wahrgenommen und deshalb auch mit wenig Respekt behandelt. Aus der historischen Perspektive haben ihre massiven Dimensionen oft eine Disruption der urbanen Struktur verursacht. Demzufolge werden sie weder als Nationalkulturerbe noch von der Öffentlichkeit anerkannt, da sie mit der totalitären Ideologie verbunden sind. Infolgedessen sind diese Gebäude über mehrere Jahrzehnte ungepflegt gelassen was sie von spätmodernen Palästen zu ikonischen Ruinen gemacht hat. Leider ist dies kein einmaliges Phänomen, sondern ein Problem das über das ganze Land und darüber hinaus verteilt ist. Des Weiteren wird zur Zeit die Zerstörung dieser architektonischen und künstlerischen Werken vollgezogen, jedoch ohne diese ausreichend zu ersetzen um den öffentlichen oder kulturellen Zwecken zu dienen.

für die zukünftige Generationen umfasst nicht nur die grossartige Architektur, sondern auch die verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Veranstaltungen des späten 20. Jahrhunderts die hier stattfegfunden haben. Durch eine Zerstörung dieses Werkes würde sowohl eine wichtige historische Periode als auch ein wesentlicher Teil der Stadtidentität vernichtet. Stand heute ist es immer noch fragwürdig, was mit diesem Gebäude in der langen Frist geschehen wird. Nichtsdestotrotz sollte diesbezüglich eine offene Diskussion stattfinden um am Ende des Tages eine richtige Entscheidung getroffen zu haben.

Das Haus der Gewerkschaften in Bratislava, früher unter dem Namen Kulturpalast bekannt, gehört zu den ikonischen Werken der modernen Architektur des 20. Jahrhunderts. Trotz dem Potential dieses Gebäude, dank seinen grosszügigen Räumlichkeiten, ein Kongress und Kulturzentrum zu werden, wird es seitens der Stadtverwaltung stetig unterschätzt. Im Kontext von Bratislava stellt es einen einzigartigen öffentlichen Standort mit einer reichen Geschichte und grosser kulturellen Bedeutung dar. Die Botschaft dessen

CONTENT

I. INTRODUCTION

11 Bratislava 1960s Iconography 15 Iconic Ruins 21 Site Overview - Trnavské Mýto 27 Site Overview - Trade Union House

II. SITE RESEARCH

45 Context 57 Transport Network and Public Transportation 61 Residential Development, Population and Inhabitants 67 Congress Centre 71 Strategic Planning and Program Study 75 Potential and Current Issues

III. DESIGN PROJECT

85 Project Aim and Programmatic Strategy 89 Reference Projects 97 Innovation Lab 133 House of Revolution 149 House of Technics 161 House of Children and Youth 169 Hotel and Housing 185 Design Summary 199 Conclusion

IV. APPENDIX

202 List of References 204 List of Figures 209 Acknowledgment 7

I. INTRODUCTION

Bratislava 1960s Iconography

Slovakia, in the common state of Czechoslovakia, have always been on the cultural periphery, less developed with a more traditional social and cultural background. Since the 1920s Bratislava, as the capital, was remaining in the shadow of Prague and the Slovaks were repeatedly denied to express their voice. All these circumstances led to the national emancipation and awareness and was directly related to architecture, building construction and innovative technology. In the international context monumental buildings in Slovakia are modest, however, such monuments in contrast with simple housing were perceived as something extraordinary. Architects in Slovakia usually did not have many opportunities for the realization of monumental projects. This became possible in the 1940s when the autocratic regime of the nationalistic Slovakia developed a program to manifest the national integrity of the country and represent the nation by means of architecture. Position of modernism was strengthened by the Slovak Technical University in Bratislava, and its new Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, founded in 1945. Professors Emil Belluš and Vladimír Karfík brought a strong generation of young architects together1. They developed new principles, searched new abstract and unusual forms and compositions, to express character of the buildings by using local materials, similar to works of Le Corbusier and British brutalists. Ideology of socialist realism was perceived by Slovak architects as rather doubtful, while the late modern architecture was based on local conditions and communist ideology. The period of the 1960s is characterized as “socialism with a human face”2, real social changes, democratization and

normalization3. Development of the economy brought the second wave of industrialization, society and economic growth. The process of modernization allowed mass construction, intensification of building construction and developments, and the restructuring entire city centres. Even thou the idea behind was to create architecture and urban design that would solve the current issues. Vladimír Dedeček, one of the most outstanding Slovak architects, said that they lived “at a time when Slovakia was recovering from that terrible destruction.” Another Slovak architect Iľja Skoček mentioned a nation that “suddenly wanted to be important and great”4 what demanded great architectural forms. For the first time in the history of Slovakia, the construction of representative buildings was planned, through the significant investment coming from the central state budget. Architects were not dealing with existential matter, their only responsibility was in planning process. Slovakia, and Bratislava, on its rather small territory, produced a high number of these iconic works. Back in time they became a symbol of modern era and proof of success. During the planning process architecture was created in close cooperation between the architect, structural and building engineers, painters, sculptors and landscape architects. This allowed the ideal ground for the projects. From the perspective of authorities, large public buildings were important for the image of the country. State remained the only investor, provider and client for the architects and limits were mostly financial, not ideological. Architects did not cooperate with the authorities, in fact, they saw it as a symbol of a fight with totalitarianism. They assumed that in open spaces monumental architecture will stand out and find appropriate settings. Public structures and buildings were atypical and rare, only one of their kind. Demonstrated was the monumentality to impress the public and present the state ideology and national culture. Architects

__________

1 Vladimír Dedeček, Ferdinand Konček, Ladislav Kušnír, Dušan Kuzma, Ivan Matušík, Ferdinand Milučký, Iľja Skoček, Marta Skočková, Ivan Slameň, Ľubomír Titl and others

3 Period from August 1968, democratization process of Prague Spring was stopped and subsequently returned to the repressive communist system and its long-term sustaining.

2 Political program announced by Alexander Dubček, a process of mild democratisation and political liberalisation, which sought to build an advance socialist society that valued democratic Czechoslovakian tradition.

4 Andrášiová, Katarína: Šedesátá léta v architektuře očima pamětníků, Interview, Praha ČVUT, 2006

Bratislava 1960s Iconography

started to emphasize the architectural expression, abstraction and search for new forms. By such means of architecture, it seemed possible to move closer to western democracies and culture. Abstraction became a symbol of the democratization after the political pressure connected with art of socialist realism. During the normalization, there was no direct intervention in architecture because by the authorities it was not perceived as an art, but rather the result of construction. Deyan Sudjic, a British architectural critic, writer, and director of the Design Museum in London, defined ‘edifice complex’ and states “the autocratic regimes have offered architects more opportunities for work than the liberal democracies”5.

INTRODUCTION

This allowed, paradoxically, more liberal approach to create individual works in favour of modernism. Further he observes ”architecture defines a regime, but it is never the architect who frames the meaning of the definition”5. It seems the architects should not be blamed for their attraction to big projects, they were only given opportunity they could not resist.

__________ 5 Sudjic, Deyan: The Edifice Complex. How the Rich and Powerful Shape the World, Allen Lane, 2005 - edifice complex: a practice of using publicly funded construction projects as political and election propaganda.

Iconic Ruins

Many of the buildings built during the autocratic regime have become either a national cultural heritage or are protected. The rest, unfortunately, gradually decay, because they are immediately associated with socialism, although they never had any intention to serve political purposes in the first place. Most of these iconic ruins6 are today in a very good condition, and have remained well preserved. In many cases they transferred from state to private ownership, otherwise they would cease to exist. They do not meet today’s requirements therefore need to be adapted. There are two different issues. First, buildings built during the autocratic regime marked by the time of their origin. The second is their aesthetic appearance, which is slightly related to the regime. Such objects were the products of the late modern architecture and they differ from the ordinary buildings made from prefabricated concrete built during the socialism. In Slovakia, these works have a difficult position exactly because of their origin. Slovak architect Vladimír Dedeček famously said there is no socialist architecture, but only “mistakes made by socialist”7. Many authors used the principle of extensive surfaces of the same structure, texture and material, to create vast facades, unique abstract sculptures, extraordinary monumental forms. Such as the Department Store Prior and Hotel Kyjev with its travertine plates of cladding by Ivan Matušík (Fig.2), and international Trade Fair Incheba by Vladimír Dedeček (Fig.3) modules covered with concrete cladding resembling infinite horizontality. Another feature was creating powerful abstract sculptures to achieve monumental forms. The steel pyramid of the Slovak Broadcasting Building by Štefan Svetko, Štefan Ďurkovič and Barnabáš Kissling (Fig.6) with its great innovative technology and image of national institution. The Slovak National Uprising Bridge (Fig.7) over the Danube with the restaurant on the pier in a shape of a disk, by Jozef Lacko, Ladislav Kušnír and Ivan Slameň, was symbolizing futuristic atmosphere. Although these iconic works are still an important legacy of the Slovak nation, monumentality and the aim of former regime to present the ideology and impress the working

class received a lot of critique. Unfortunately, with gradual demolishment or refurbishment the original structure fades away. A case in point is the Shopping centre Slimák by Ivan Matušík (Fig.5) with its original architecture destroyed in 1990s. The need for protection of the 20th century architecture in a wider international context was partially fulfilled at the end of the 1980s century by the international organization DOCOMOMO8, as well as other older documents, e.g. ICOMOS9. According to statistics from 2013 by Henrieta Moravčíková, Slovak architect, researcher and the head of the Department of History at the Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, less than 1% of 704 architecture and urban structures in Slovakia from the period after 1945 are considered to be heritage. Architecture always has a context upon which its identity is based. Vernacular architecture is easier to understand and rely on, it is generally accepted. Modern architecture appeared only in the early 20th century and refused traditional means of expression. It is difficult to determine, which layers to protect and which are most valuable. Instead of protecting one element, it is more important to protect its spatial and volumetric arrangement, atypical, monumental forms and diverse materials. Late modern architecture should not be demolished as it represents a certain historical period. Although it demands high maintenance, it should still be treated with respect.

PL CZ AT VIENNA

BRATISLAVA

Slovakia and its capital Bratislava in bigger context

__________

6 Refered to a definition mentioned in Projekt 3,4/2017, Transformácie (Ikonické Ruiny), Slovak Architectural Revue, SAS, Bratislava, 2017

8 Documentation and Conservation of Buildings, Sites and Neighbourhoods of the Modern Movement

7 Hurnaus, Hertha; Konrad, Benjamin; Novotny, Maik: Eastmodern Architecture and Design of the 1960s and 1970s in Slovakia, Springer, Wien, 2007, p. 8

9 International Council on Monuments and Sites, founded in 1965

Iconic Ruins

INTRODUCTION

Icon 1940s Icon 1950s Icon 1960s Icon 1970s Icon 1980s

Map of iconic ruins in Bratislava

200

500m

Trade Union House, ‘Dom ROH - Istropolis’, Bratislava Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, Ľubomír Titl, 1955 - 1981

Fig.1 Market Hall , ‘Tržnica’, Bratislava Ivan Matušík, 1975 - 1983

Fig.2 Department Store Prior and Hotel Kyjev, Bratislava Ivan Matušík, 1961 - 1973

Fig.3 Trade Fair, ‘Incheba Expo Arena’, Bratislava Vladimír Dedeček, 1974 - 1995

Fig.4 Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava Vladimír Dedeček, 1967 - 1979

Fig.5 Shopping Centre ‘Slimák’ (The Snail), Bratislava Ivan Matušík, 1957 - 1964

Iconic Ruins

Fig.7 The Slovak National Uprising Bridge, ‘Most SNP - UFO’, Bratislava Jozef Lacko, Ladislav Kušnír, Ivan Slameň, 1968 - 1973

Fig.8 Slovakian Television Building, ‘RTVS’, Bratislava Jozef Struhař, Václav Čurilla, 1965 - 1974

Fig.9 Crematory, Bratislava Ferdinand Milučký, 1962 - 1968

Fig.10 Student Residence Hviezda, ‘Kukurica’ (The Corn), Bratislava Ján Strcula, Cyril Sirotný, 1973 - 1978

Fig.11 National Archives, Bratislava Vladimír Dedeček, 1970 - 1983

INTRODUCTION

Fig.6 Slovak Broadcasting Building, Bratislava Štefan Svetko, Štefan Ďurkovič, Barnabáš Kissling, 1962 - 1985

Site Overview - Trnavské Mýto

Area Trnavské mýto originally takes its name from the tollroad connecting the cities Bratislava and Trnava. Historically, since 1783, Trnavské mýto has been a marketplace, later became a cattle market10. The Horse Railway Building is one of the oldest historical buildings in this part of the city and was connected with the construction of the first Horse Railway built in 1839 according to the project of Ignác Feigler. Railway Station Filialka was established in 1840 and served for passenger and cargo transport. At the end of the 19th century the Central Market was developed. In 1965 urban plan for the site was approved and the realization of the Trade Union House started. Later, in 1967 the intersection of Central Market had to be solved. The task was to help pedestrians avoid crossing busy roads in order to access the station and get them to the underground passage instead. The passage was designed by Igor Rymarenko. In 1972 after several years of intense work construction started. The original project included elevators, retail, restaurant and office building, but after all the final project ended up being very modest11. In 1975 Central Market was relocated to Miletičova street, the underground passage and the intersection above was opened for traffic and pedestrians.

1895 Cattle Market Bratislava's Warehouses Paris Square Barrack Colony

Horse Railway Building

1935

Unitas Social housing Residential houses Central Market Military cemetery Cemetery for poor

1975

Railway Station Filialka Trade Union House

Furthermore, the construction of Market Hall by Slovak architect Ivan Matušík started, which partially replaced the Central Market due to the project of Trade Union House. It is characterized by exceptional postmodern architecture built in the spirit of high-tech, with the main idea to create an object in the form of glass container reflecting the busy life of the marketplace. A monumental building is a part of the identity of Bratislava. Although the object seems oversized, its potential is not fully used.

Underground Passage Market Hall

2019 Housing development

Passenger transport of the Railway Station Filialka was cancelled in 1985, and since then it was not used anymore.

Central Shopping Centre

__________ 10 Došek, Otto: Monografia mestskej časti Bratislava-Nové Mesto, Miestny úrad Bratislava-Nové Mesto, 1998 11 Dulla Matúš, Moravčíková Henrieta: Architektúra Slovenska v 20. storočí, Bratislava, Slovart, 2002 22

GSEducationalVersion

Historical development of the area Trnavské mýto

Site Overview - Trnavské Mýto

INTRODUCTION

Area Trnavské mýto in context of Bratislava

5 km

TRNAVSKÉ MÝTO

Fig.14 Residential Houses, Bratislava, Vojtěch Šebor

Fig.15 Social Housing Unitas, Bratislava Friedrich Weinwurm, Ignác Vécsei

Fig.16 Project development: Trade Union House, Bratislava, Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, Ľubomír Titl

Fig.12 Central Market, Bratislava

Marketplace - cattle market

Fig.13 Central Market, Bratislava

Central Market

First horse railway station Railway station Filialka

1783

1839

Timeline of the area development 24

1840

1895

1924

1935

1955

Site Overview - Trnavské Mýto

Fig.18 Underground passage, Trnavské Mýto, Bratislava Igor Rymarenko

Fig.19 Passage revitalization, Trnavské Mýto, Bratislava Immocap Group

Fig.17 Market Hall ‘Tržnica’, Bratislava, Ivan Matušík

Fig.21 Residential Development ‘Byty pri Mýte’, Bratislava Arhitektura Krušec

INTRODUCTION

Fig.20 Central Shopping Centre, Bratislava Immocap Group

Project Construction

Fig.22 Residential Development ‘Urban Recidence’, Bratislava Compass

Construction of Market Hall Central Market relocated to Miletičova Street

1967

1975

1981 1983

1985

2009

2015

2017

Site Overview - Trade Union House

The Trade Union House in Bratislava was built when Czechoslovakia invested heavily in the construction of public representative buildings and large construction projects. Number of political, cultural and social events has grown, as well as science, technology and education was supported. The premises of the Trade Union House complex served all these purposes. The original name of Trade Union House “House of Trade Unions, Technology and Culture”12 was changed to Istropolis shortly after the revolution in 1989. In the year 850 already, Bratislava was called Istropolis (in Greek) and later in 1465 Istropolis (in Latin Posonium) as the “City on the Danube”. The complex integrated into the city’s organism embodies the Slovak version of late modernism with its abstraction, clean sophisticated modern form, generous scale, specific materiality and rich interiors. Location of the central market began to form its urban development since 1956 starting with the competition of the Trade Union House. At the time, young architects Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček and Ľubomír Titl, in collaboration with their colleague Tibor Gebauer, took part. They participated as one team and made more proposals, each of them having a logical urban concept, and out of twenty-five contestants won three of the highest prizes. The main idea of their design was to fill an “empty” part of the city with massive volume. It was built over the former central market, heart of the new city centre, located on the crossroad and important transport hub Trnavské mýto, which was since the early 20th century considered for the construction of public buildings. Architects formed the complex creating a framework for this new urban space. In 1965 the urbanistic plan was approved and two years later the project realization started. The complex consists of four buildings: House of Revolution, House of Technics, House of Children and Youth, and Administration Building. The spatial and architectural intentions were filled to the greatest extent creating a multifunctional object. The architectural design of both public and dispersal spaces was handled with sensitivity and represented a great challenge. In 1968 during the first phase of the project realization, after the construction of Administrative building and services, the desired monumentality of the complex could not be achieved. __________ 12 Originally “Dom odborov, techniky a kultúry”, “Dom Revolučného odborového hnutia” 13 Projekt 7/1981, Slovak Architectural Revue, SAS, Bratislava, 1981, p. 4-23 28

As a result of this unclear intention of wider spatial relations, urban design was forgotten and the Market Hall was built in front of the Trade Union House, separated only by a road known for its busy traffic. As a result of the localization of the Market Hall, authors had to drop the original concept, especially the green belt of the north-south direction and to change the orientation of the entry platform in the second phase of construction. “During the construction of the Trade Union House, we faced a difficult task to create an appropriate cultural environment for this object, which could not be said about the former Central Market and its surroundings. Our goal was to build a union house that would dominate the created space. Therefore, in the original design of the entire space, we released a triangle of the crossroads at the Central Market. By doing so, we have sought to create a green space that is missing in this part of the city and, moreover, would support the importance of the House of Revolution. Our intention to form a new urban space has been reflected in all the previous stages of the design until situating the Market Hall in this triangle. In the original concept the whole complex was facing the city with its most important programmatic content and artworks. However, this idea would mean to situate the main parts of the Trade Union House to the services of Market Hall. These transformations on the site at the time of the program change forced us to find new solutions under the new conditions. In the final design, we preferred our own space in front of the building, composed in its direct relation and oriented to Vajnorská street. We emphasized a strong and solid mass which by its height, eliminates the negative effects of the surroundings (panel houses on Škultéty street, factory buildings along the railway line) and will dominate the newly formed space. In addition, we have realized the need to achieve an architectural expression that matches the importance of the object and evokes the visitors’ ceremonial feelings. These goals were taken into account when designing the interior space, materiality, the artistic concept and the degree of use of architectural and artistic means. Achieving this intention was more difficult because part of the complex was already built, project documentation had to be processed as soon as possible. ” Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, Ľubomír Titl13

Site Overview - Trade Union House

INTRODUCTION

Fig.23 Frontal view of the Trade Union House in Bratislava

In 1976, the investor and owner the Confederation of the Trade Unions, came with new requirements to change the program and to increase auditorium capacity from 900 to 1280 seats, along with other halls, meeting rooms and panoramic cinema for major political and cultural events. This was planned by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, which wanted to use this facility for its meetings and congresses. Architects were in difficult position, they had to change the urban and architectural concept of the building

when some of the parts were already in use. As a result of the task to enlarge the premises and thanks to the advanced technological equipment that was in use, the Trade Union House grew in size. Its status as a rally and a congress centre was improved, and gave Bratislava a high-level cultural and social facility that the city was lacking so far. The Trade Union House was opened in 1981 and since then was fully in use. The opening ceremony was attended

by members of the Board of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. The delegation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia and the government of the former Slovak Socialist Republic were present. “The authorities highly appreciated the efforts of all the organizations involved in the construction of this modern Trade Union House. The trade unions and the public gained a facility, that in a nation-wide scale delivers political and aesthetic education.”14 One year later the first rally of the Confederation of the Trade Unions was held, as well as the following years after. After revolution, since the 1990s, the maintenance was minimal because the complex was not used to its full potential as the city’s congress and cultural centre. The current appearance of the complex is a result of a 25-year building process including several stages of implementation after the realization started in 1967. The design was influenced by

the development of the architectural expressions, as well as changes in the investor’s requirements for the program of the building, development and change of views on the urban design of the area and finally the development of construction. However, the original concept, based on the concentration of lower blocks around the inner courtyard and their addition to a high-rise landmark, persisted throughout the project. Today Istropolis is one of the few places in Bratislava where large concerts, congresses and cultural events can be held. Unfortunately it does not use its full potential and its premises are used only sporadically. In 2017 it was sold from the Confederation of Trade Unions to the three developer companies YIT, Immocap Group and Tatra Real.

House of Children and Youth

House of Technics

House of Revolution

Administration building

__________ 14 Archive TASR, Report from 1981 30

Trade Union House ensemble consisting of four houses

Site Overview - Trade Union House

INTRODUCTION

Fig.24 View of the Trade Union House from the Parking lot

Konček Skoček Titl Fig.26 Project 1, 2nd Prize, highest

Fig.27 Project 2, 3rd Prize

Fig.28 Project 3, 3rd Prize, lower

Fig.29 Project 1A

Fig.30 Project 1B

Fig.31 Project 1C

Fig.32 Project was built over former Central Market

Fig.33 Project construction

TRADE UNION HOUSE Competition 25 architects participated

Fig.25 Architects Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, and Ľubomír Titl , with Tibor Gebauer, Prague

Urbanistic plan was approved Administration building completion

House of Technics completion

PROJECT DESIGN

1955

1956

1959

Timeline of the Trade Union House development 32

1960

1965

1967

1968

1970

1971

Site Overview - Trade Union House

Fig.36 Opening ceremony

Fig.37 Trade Union House

Fig.35 Final project

INTRODUCTION

Fig.38 First rally of the Confederation of the Trade Unions

Fig.34 Project construction

House of Revolution completion Maintenance was minimised, building starts to decay

House of Children and Youth completion

Trade Unions sold the complex to developer companies YIT, Immocap Group and Tatra Real

PROJECT CONSTRUCTION

1974

1975

1976

1977

1980

1981

1982

1990

2017

Spatial Organization Rather young complex, with durable, monumental looking cuban marble cladding, dominates the surrounding of the former Central Market. All entrances of the Trade Union House are differentiated for visitors, representative guests and employees, as well as service entrances, entrance to the Administrative building, underground parking and emergency exits. The foyer for the visitors is in direct connection to the entry platform in front of the building. In the entrance hall there is the main ticket office (Fig.45). The first floor can be reached by spacious staircases (Fig.47) with a centrally located cloakroom, which corresponds with the shape of the main auditorium and a sanitary core. Visitors can access any of the main cinema entrances directly from the cloakroom. The cinema with a capacity of 520 (Fig.50) provides good visibility and acoustics. The projection equipment is located in the rear part of the main room. From the foyer on the second floor (Fig.39) there is the main auditorium entrance, multi-purpose hall, rehearsal room and entrance to the House of Technics - educational block. In relation to the representative spaces, the catering area with the facilities of the preparatory room is vertically connected by elevators and a staircase with storage facilities in the basement. The education area has two halls, including an audiovisual centre. In this area there is a catering block, sanitary core and additional spaces. The main area of the Trade Union House has the auditorium with the capacity of 1280 visitors (Fig.42). It is designed as an amphitheatre space with a rising floor. The auditorium meets the requirements to provide close contact with the stage. It is also very well designed typologically, acoustically

and providing sufficient lighting. It also has comfortable seats with folding tables for writing notes that was designed by Italian studio Destro (Fig.41) and air-conditioninginstalled in the seat base. The stage is multi-purpose over which there is a light bridge designed in combination with the equipment that moves the suspended curtain. In the back of the hall, between the audience seats, there is the sound equipment. Technical spaces are located in the back of the hall with audio and video facilities, radio and television direction, light control and translation facilities. Efficient HVAC for large spaces and halls was brought by architects from the West and companies based in Austria and Finland. The multi-purpose hall on the second floor for 360 visitors with a flat floor (Fig.43) can be used for various political, cultural and social events. Especially at the time of important social events, such as congress, symposium, this space was used as a dining area. The stage is variable, it can be moved and adjusted as needed. Both halls have a common rehearsal hall with a gallery and a small rehearsal room. Structure The interiors are in colour harmony of materials and in perfect detail. In the impressive foyer (Fig.44) there are slender columns resembling the woods with the anticorrosive cladding. The structure of the Trade Union House is a reinforced concrete mushroom slab with a grid of 8,7 x 8,7 m. The vertical load-bearing reinforced concrete columns have 50 cm diameter, the perimeter columns are square, 40 x 40 cm. Large span halls have a steel structure consisting of main trusses and secondary prisons.

Site Overview - Trade Union House

INTRODUCTION

Fig.39 Foyer on the second floor

During the design process, the main auditorium was the subject of many shape solutions. In the final form the auditorium is modest, its shape is based on the principles of acoustics. The intention was to artificially enhance the simple architectural space of the hall with a dynamic and unique ceiling, which basically follows the shape of the floor and grades towards the stage. The ceiling (Fig.40) has consistent curves, eloxid aluminium ribs on hanging structure, which was created by sculptor Jozef Jankovič through a pioneering computer design method. The ribbed hanging ceiling provides an electro-acoustic solution that helps absorb noise. In the mid 1990s Dolby Stereo and DTS audio was installed in the main hall. Ceiling perforation allows using theatrical lighting technology and ventilation. At the same time, the ceiling covers the supporting elements, the construction of the roof, air conditioning, lighting equipment, electrical installation, etc. Anodized ribs have a natural aluminium colour. Thanks to their reflectivity, aluminium allows increasing intensity of the upper lighting, respectively creating colour moods. From a structural point of view, the suspended ceiling consists of seven types of aluminium ribs of various length and shape, anchored by a suspension device on the structure of the roof. Each rib is anchored by unified hinges allowing adjustment in three mutually perpendicular directions. The shape of the ribs was designed in a sense so it could be mathematically defined at each point by a line and a circle. According to such a specified shape, the ribs were produced on an automatic controlled device.

Fig.40 Ceiling in auditorium, Jozef Jankovič

Fig.41 Theatre seats, design Destro

Site Overview - Trade Union House

INTRODUCTION

Fig.42 Main auditorium

Fig.43 Multi-purpose hall

Fig.44 Leather lounge suite in foyer, Ivan Slameň

Fig.45 Entrance hall 38

Site Overview - Trade Union House

Fig.47 Skylight and main staircase leading to auditorium

Fig.48 Stained glass, Milan Dobeš

Fig.49 Staircase

Fig.50 Panoramic cinema

Fig.51 Entrance to cinema

INTRODUCTION

Fig.46 Gobeline triptych, Ladislav Gandl, Kveta Gandlová

Artworks The realization of the Trade Union House in Bratislava has become an important part of new solutions, mainly through the interplay of architecture and fine arts emphasized especially in the interior. Requests put on the project already contained increased demands on the artistic features of the Trade Union House and its connection with fine arts. Architects created great amount of various interior and exterior artworks and incorporated them primarily with an intention to stress spatial relationships. Close to entry spaces of the building elements of small architecture are used, in particular, the simplified form of the entrance portal by Alexander Vika (Fig.54), heading by Ladislav Čisárik and M. Korkošová, lighting poles by sculptor Jozef Vachálek (Fig.52) and flag poles by architects Ferdinand Koček, Iľja Skoček and Ľubomír Titl (Fig.53). In the inner courtyard there is an optically effective fountain by sculptor Pavol Mikšík, sunshades on the south facade of the House of Technology and HVAC equipment designed in the form of chess pieces. The rigorous rhythm of the volumes and surfaces in the exterior made it possible to apply plastic works. Besides exterior, large number of artworks were placed in the interior such as coloured stained glass on the staircase by painter Milan Dobeš (Fig.48) and a large wall tapestry in the national tricolour by painters Ladislav Gandl and Kveta Gandlová hanging in the foyer on the second floor (Fig.46). Information system in the foyer was created by graphic designer Ladislav Čisárik and the second part of it by sculptor Oleg Fintora. Extensive stucco in the entrance of the House of Children and Youth by Michal Jakabčic is a combination of a relatively simplified colour scale. In the upper floor of the Administrative building there is a hanging wooden relief in the form of Slovakia.

Moreover, the artworks were concentrated in the leisure spaces of the complex. Ceramic walls with dynamic structure by Juraj Marth and geometric pattern by Eva Trachtová are on the front walls of the bistro, wooden walls of the cafeteria by Andrej Rudavský with soft coloured structure and shape, along with ceramic relief with glazed polychrome by Imrich Vanek. Although these reliefs seem to be out of the most exposed spaces, their quality confirms their value and meaning.

Site Overview - Trade Union House

Fig.52 Lighting pole, Jozef Vachálek

Heading ‘Dom obdborov’ (Trade Union House), Ladislav Čisárik, M. Korkošová

Fig.53 Flag pole, Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, Ľubomír Titl

Fig.54 Relief, AlexanderVika

Sunshades, HVAC Chess pieces designed by architects, Fountain, Pavol Mikšík

INTRODUCTION

Facade cladding - material cuban marble, present form Fidel Castro

II. SITE RESEARCH

Context

Aerial view Bratislava 46

Context

SITE RESEARCH

3 km 47

The Trade Union House is located on one of the busiest transportation hubs and traffic junctions Trnavské mýto on the edge of the wider city centre, lying on the border line of three town districts Nové Mesto, Staré Mesto and Nivy. The area includes a square defined by the Trade Union House in the North, a Market Hall in the South, commercial shopping centre called Central in the East and in the West there is a former railway station Filialka.

Context

SITE RESEARCH

Aerial view Trnavské mýto

100

500 m 49

Fig.55 Panoramic view over the area Trnavské mýto

Context

SITE RESEARCH

Fig.56 Panoramic view along the former railways toward the city centre

Context

SITE RESEARCH

Fig.57 Panoramic view above one of the main arteries

Context

SITE RESEARCH

Transport Network and Public Transportation

Trnavské mýto is a busy transport hub with roughly 30.000 people passing by daily. It is crossed by the city’s public transport, combining five tram lines, four trolleybus and eight bus lines in all directions. A pedestrian passage with retail in the underground connects the intersection with the tram stops. Currently there is no bicycle infrastructure in place. In this project Filialka, which is not in use since 1985, is not regarded as a potential railway station. This fact would not solve the current traffic issues.

BRATISLAVA III Nové Mesto

Traffic junction Trnavské mýto is the intersection of the connecting streets Šancová, Trnavská, Vajnorská and Krížna. Accessibility for the cars is easy from three directions: Trnavská, Vajnorská and Šancová. The first two are busy, few cars are passing through Šancová.

500 m 6 min Trnavské Mýto 1 km 12 min 1,5 km 18 min

BRATISLAVA I Staré Mesto

2 km 4 min

BRATISLAVA II Nivy

200

Public transportation of the selected area GSEducationalVersion

500m

Transport Network and Public Transportation

BRNO CZ

SITE RESEARCH

VIENNA AT

Transport network of Bratislava

5 km

Residential Development, Population and Inhabitants

Since the crisis in 2008 the construction of residential buildings in Bratislava has been growing. Between years 2012 and 2017 45 new residential projects were executed which resulted in 19.580 apartments built. In the following years within the perimeter of 1,5 km of the site 3.039 new apartments are expected.

∅1,5 km 3 039 new apartmets

32 01 02

200

500m

Residential projects apartments

GSEducationalVersion

01 02 04 12 32 39 40 44

Residential projects within 1,5 km of the area

GSEducationalVersion

__________ 15 News and Media Holding Database, 2012 - 2017 62

Urban Residence Pri Mýte Blumentál Stein 2 Tehelné pole Jégého alej Premiére Zwirn

329 357 210 408 334 350 251 800

Residential Development, Population and Inhabitants

36 42

23 30 35 19 24 09

07 Urban Residence Pri Mýte N!DO Blumentál Riverpark 2 Downtown Grand Koliba Dúbravy Čerešne Bory Galvaniho dvory Stein 2 Nový Ružinov Zelený Raj Nové Lido Slnečnice SkyPark Panorama City Malé Krasňany Zuckermandel Klingerka Nuppu Tammi Kivikko Matadorka Muchovo námestie Starý háj Fuxova Panónka Tujetoin Einpark Tehelné pole Apollis Modrá guľa Mamapapa Kolísky Nový háj CityPark Ružinov Jégého alej Premiére Dornyk Amber Majakovského Zwirn Bývanie Trnávka

apartments: 329 357 115 210 170 490 181 250 395 340 231 408 226 80 4200 2528 786 606 503 187 380 809 480 152 335 125 126 276 63 48 110 334 60 76 115 98 72 549 350 251 150 156 43 800 1030 19 580

Residential Development within the city15

01 02

40 43

32 39

33 38

06 15

SITE RESEARCH

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

22 13

31 27 26 25 29

28 37 14

Residential projects

5 km

According to the population and housing census of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, it is clear that the population in Bratislava and its urban areas is naturally growing and expected to increase from 2015 to 2035. Currently the population of Bratislava is approximately 450.000 and it will increase by about 30.000 inhabitants. 12.700 inhabitants currently live within the perimeter of 1,5 km of the site.

BRATISLAVA III Nové Mesto 2 589 inhabitants

BRATISLAVA I Staré Mesto 6 353 inhabitants

∅1,5 km 12 765 inhabitants

BRATISLAVA II Nivy 3 823 inhabitants

200

Residential - houses GSEducationalVersion

Residential - housing

Inhabitants within 1,5 km of the area

GSEducationalVersion

500m

Residential Development, Population and Inhabitants Bratislava V 18,4% Bratislava I 6,4% Staré Mesto

111 147 38 788

Bratislava II 18,0% Nivy

109 136

Bratislava III 10,2% Nové Mesto

61 470

Bratislava IV 15,3% Bratislava V 18,4%

92 651 111 147

Bratislava Bratislava I 6,4% Staré Mesto

413 192 38 788

Bratislava II 18,0% Nivy

109 136

Bratislava III 10,2% Nové Mesto

61 470

Bratislava IV 15,3% Bratislava

92 651 413 192

Population in the districts of Bratislava, 201116

POPULATION

423 456

433 213

438 591

441 995

445 047 Bratislava II Nivy

100000

Bratislava IV

Bratislava V

80000 Bratislava III Nové Mesto

60000

POPULATION 40000

423 456

433 213

2015

2020

438 591

441 995

445 047

Bratislava I Staré Mesto Bratislava II Nivy

2030

2035

YEARS IV Bratislava

120000 20000 100000

SITE RESEARCH

120000

Bratislava V 2025

80000

Prognosis of population growth in the districts of Bratislava, 2015 - 203517

Bratislava III Nové Mesto

60000

40000

Bratislava I Staré Mesto

20000 2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

YEARS

__________ 16 Population and housing census, Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, Database Regdat, 2011 17 Institute of informatics and Statistics in Bratislava - Infostat, Demographic Research Centre, 2013 65

Congress Centre

VISITORS 12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

Congress tourism belongs to the most economically advantageous forms of tourism. Participants are among the most desirable people in tourism because they are usually staying for a short period of time. They are considered to be potential future participants in recreational and cultural tourism, as congress programs do not give enough time to get a closer understanding of the city.

4 000 VISITORS 12 2 000 000

10 000 1997

1998

1999

ZMOS Conference ZMOS VII Convention on IX Biological Diversity

8 000

2003

2004

2005

2009

2010

2011

ZMOS XIII

ZMOS XIV

Bush-Putin Summit

NATO

ZMOS 20

ZMOS 21

2003

2004

2005

2009

2010

2011

ZMOS XIII

ZMOS XIV

Bush-Putin Summit

NATO

ZMOS 20

ZMOS 21

2012

2013

2015

EUCYS Nissan Europe, ZMOS Concours Mondial 26 de Bruxelles

2016 2017 ZMOS 27

YEARS

CONGRESS CONFERENCE

ZMOS 28

6 000

Currently Bratislava has insufficient space and capacity for the development of congress tourism. The largest congress facilities in Bratislava offer hotels with capacity ranging from 300 to 500. Many of them also offer smaller congress halls. Bratislava, however, is lacking large spaces where it would be possible to organize congresses and conferences from 500 to 1000 participants. 15 Congress tourism is complemented by an exhibition and a trade fair. The only large space in Bratislava is the exhibition complex Incheba Expo. However, it is lacking small meeting rooms and direct connection to the hotel with larger capacity. Congresses are organized only sporadically. Another possible congress spaces are NTC National Tennis Centre, Reduta and Istropolis (Trade Union House). These are nowadays suitable for cultural and sport events. Congress centres comparison to the neighbouring capitals: Vienna Austria Centre / Messezentrum Wien (exhibition complex) capacity: 15.000

4 000

2 000

1997

1998

1999

ZMOS Conference ZMOS VII Convention on IX Biological Diversity

2012

2013

2015

EUCYS Nissan Europe, ZMOS Concours Mondial 26 de Bruxelles

2016 2017 ZMOS 27

YEARS

CONGRESS CONFERENCE

ZMOS 28

Annual visitor survey on occasional congresses, conferences and event19

VISITORS 200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000 VISITORS 200 000

Prague Congres Centre Prague KCP capacity: 9.300 Budapest Budapest Congress & World Trade Centre capacity: 2.000 Europa Hotels & Congress Centre Budapest capacity: 500 - 700

Jan 150 000

ITF Slovakia

Feb

Mar

Apr

Interbeauty Motorcycles, Autosalon Coneco

May

June

IDEB

Collectors Days

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec

Interbeauty, Moddom

Book Fair

Christmas Days

Oct

Nov

Dec

Interbeauty, Moddom

Book Fair

Christmas Days

2017 EXHIBITION FAIR

Annual visitor survey on regular exhibitions and fairs20 100 000

50 000

Jan ITF Slovakia

Feb

Mar

Apr

Interbeauty Motorcycles, Autosalon Coneco

May

June

IDEB

Collectors Days

July

Aug

Sept

2017 EXHIBITION FAIR

__________ 18 Program of Economic and Social Development of the capital city of Bratislava for the years 2010-2020 19 Data, Incheba Expo Arena Bratislava, 1997 - 2017 20 Data, Incheba Expo Arena Bratislava, 2017 68

Congress Centre

11 300

01 1 280

550

350

236

SITE RESEARCH

450

340

04 380

03 400

02 Capacity over 500 Capacity 300-500

40 480

13 400

Capacity of the largest congress facilities

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

Istropolis Incheba Sheraton Radisson Blu Carlton Crowne Plaza Austria Trend Hotel Tatra Hotel Saffron Holiday Inn City Hotel Bratislava Dom Športu Hotel Družba Bonbón

200

500m

Strategic Planning and Program Study

The selected area is defined by municipal amenities of citywide significance surrounded by the multi-storey builtup area. The source of the main data is the Municipal plan of the capital city Bratislava approved in 2011 by the City Council as strategic planning documentation. The functional priority of the area is constantly influenced by the process of urban development. A careful investigation of the site shows that the current condition of the Trade Union House does not sufficiently use its potential of a modern palace of culture located in the city centre. A study of programmatic themes, already existing in the area, reveals a focus on culture, congress and education. From this point of view, it is important within the site to focus on a new program that would enhance the existing one.

100m

Municipal amenities Multi-storey built-up area Mixed program housing and services

Strategic planning of Bratislava21

__________ 21 Strategic planning documentation, Bratislava, 2011 72

Strategic Planning and Program Study

Residential Ofﬁce Public Administration Culture Commercial & Retail Production Health Care Education Hospitality Service

SITE RESEARCH

Program study of the area 73

Potential and Current Issues

In a wider context, Istropolis has a very strategic position, located at the edge of the city centre along the chain of the city’s landmarks. This is fundamental for further development and vision in the following years. In the first step the proposal is based on partial improvement of the current condition of Filialka by creating attractions and zones along the railway tracks for people living in the area, transformation into a green linear park and creating urban space that is missing nearby. Additionally, the aim is to preserve original architectural space and redefine the program of the Trade Union House, to adapted it to the current needs, and remove the isolation of the surrounding and open it to the public. The same will happen with the Market Hall, including it as a significant part of inhabited square. Parking lot will be moved under the terrain level, whole spectrum of facilities and activities will support urban structure (restaurant, café, park, playground, fountain, water play, etc.). The importance is to emphasize mixing functions for everyday life by various cultural and social events, inviting inhabitants and guests to use them.

Fig.62 Filialka Former railway station

Fig.63 Social Housing Unitas

Fig.64 Trade Union House Istropolis

Fig.65 Market Hall Tržnica

Fig.58 Slimák Shopping Centre

Fig.59 Hviezda Student Residence

Fig.66 Central Shopping Centre

Fig.67 The former horse railway building

Fig.60 Residential Development Urban Residence

Fig.61 Residential Development Byty pri Mýte

Fig.68 Ludwig’s Mill

Fig.69 Ludwig’s Palace

Potential and Current Issues

Filialka activities, events Istropolis Congress and Culture Centre

Slimák

Linear park transformation Market Hall and other existing buildings 2020

2025

2030

2035

Hviezda

2040

Timeline for the further development

Residential Development

SITE RESEARCH

Filialka

Trade Union House

Social Housing Central Market Hall

The former horse railway building

Ludwig's Mill

Ludwig's Palace Chain of the city’s landmarks 77

Today the site is lacking urbanistic expression and does not have any distinctive features. The surrounding is fragmented, does not provide the urban qualities and activities required by such an intensive public life.

Potential and Current Issues

Pu pp

Th ea

tre

HO AN US D EO YO F UT CH IL H

ﬁc e/

ta il

TY AR

VO LU T

Gr oc er

to re

SITE RESEARCH

TY AR

D AD BU MIN IL IS DI TR NG A TI

ﬁc e

Tic

ng re ss a

ke t

ﬁc e

nd C

ul tu re C

en tre

PA R

LA TF OR

BUS

Site

BUS

Underground passage Main entrance Service entrance Entrance parking Entrance underground AM

Parking

Pedestrian movement Fence

Study of the existing site plan

50m

1. No sufficient connection between cultural centre and residential area.

2. Fenced former railway station has no sufficient quality of public space.

3. Istropolis is split among many small businesses. Parasitic buildings and services are scattered throughout the site.

4. Non-functional parking lot is separated from the rest of the site.

5. Expansive entry platform, open plaza, in front of Istropolis is neglected and lost its original purpose.

6. Inner courtyards are lacking green spaces.

Potential and Current Issues

SITE RESEARCH

6 6

3 2 5 4

Parking lot Courtyard Parasite building Boundaries Crossing Underground passage Pedestrian movement

Study of the current issues 81

III. DESIGN PROJECT

Project Aim and Programmatic Strategy

According to the program study of the site it is important to choose program connected to education, culture, congress and research. Culture determines urban development and identity linking different cultural, social and age groups, combining various activities of both local and global meaning. The programmatic strategy should be sensitive to the existing ensemble of buildings each with their own character. The new building will have a program related to the existing one focused on innovation and research. It will formulate a relationship to the city itself, defining its development and future. The project will be opened up to its surroundings of the lively traffic junction Trnavské mýto, the commercial shopping centre Central and the Market Hall with a connection to residential buildings and a linear park. Fundamental approach was to respect the current structure, revitalize it into a new multifunctional centre and strengthen the program by inviting all citizens to share this function. The new centre will host various cultural events and gatherings, will serve as a hangout place, congress with city-wide significance equipped with hotel and rental apartments, program for performing arts, learning and leisure for children and youth along with the support of innovators and researchers. The Trade Union House is an opportunity to create a modern multifunctional space while preserving its cultural and social function. A suitable program for the new Trade Union House should be beneficial. The main focus will be on the new building Innovation Lab, House of Revolution - Congress and Culture Centre, House of Technics - Performing Arts Centre, House of Children and Youth - Theatre and Kindergarten, and Hotel and Housing.

Exhibition

Café

Design Labs

Bistro

Production Fab Labs

Meeting Conference

Science Computer Labs

Media Press

INNOVATION LAB

Co-Working

Auditorium

CONGRESS

Multi-functional Halls

Sport

Audiovisual Centre

Park

PUBLIC SPACE

Children Youth Centre

CULTURE

Playground

Cinema

HOTEL HOUSING

Retail

Performing Arts Centre

Rental apartments

Parking Hotel rooms Bar

Programmatic strategy for the new centre

Community facilities Restaurant

EXISTING PROGRAM

STRATEGY

Congress and Culture Centre

preservation

Project Aim and Programmatic Strategy

PROPOSED PROGRAM

ACTIVITY

HOUSE OF REVOLUTION meet discuss present perform rehearse

revitalization

Theatre, Library

revitalization

Ofﬁce

HOUSE OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

Retail, Performing Arts Centre

work meet shop eat drink dance play

Theatre, Kindergarten, Library

play educate

Hotel, Rental apartments

DESIGN PROJECT

Retail, Ofﬁce, Administration

transformation

HOUSE OF TECHNICS

live sleep eat rest excercise

Parking

new design

SITE Innovation Lab

innovate collaborate work meet

Programmatic strategy for each house 87

Reference Projects

Fig.70 KCP Prague, 1981

Owner Former palace of culture and congress centre in the long term has not been able to satisfy high demands for exhibition and congress spaces. Therefore, there was a need for its extension and it was also important to deal with the surrounding area. In the proposal not only the functional building was crucial but also creating an intense public space. Elia Zenghelis, co-founder of OMA, added the following to the proposal: “The original building of congress centre has to deal with the identity of a very impressively built communist era monument, which needs to be redefined. This includes a new expression, position to the city and a connection to a complex traffic situation. This has been mastered by the authors of the winning proposal.” The aim was to create added value for contemporary building belonging to the architectural heritage of the 1970s. It will be a new step towards the transformation of one of the main arteries that separate the city. The extension is intended as a floating urban park. Public spaces and new facilities will attract visitors and citizens. The new public space and park will become a meeting point for the area and encourage interaction and exchange among the community. The exhibition centre will bring new activities that will enter the park. It was designed so that the new centre has a large volume that does not deny the chaotic nature and structure of the site. The proposal addresses these problems with the new exhibition hall. Instead of fighting the uncertainty and changing infrastructure, the proposal complements it.

Fig.71 New KCP Prague, OCA Architects, 2017

Fig.72 New KCP Prague, OCA Architects, 2017

Reference Projects

TIRANA PYRAMID Reference Designer Program Theme Location Status

Fig.73 Tirana Pyramid, Albania, 1988

DESIGN PROJECT

The initial design for Tirana Pyramid in Albanian capital, a former communist monument, originally functioned as a museum dedicated to the communist leader. After the collapse of communism, it has served as a temporary base for NATO during the Balkan Wars, a nightclub, and event space. Today the building still remains a popular spot for young people keen to climb on its roof. The abandoned structure will be revitalized and transformed as a multifunctional centre for technology, culture, and art for Tirana’s youth. The pyramid has a unique silhouette and a strong presence in the urban environment. The project aims to give the building back to the public. By making the facade and roof accessible it will provide a new perspective of the city. The ground floor will be opened up on all sides, existing closed atmosphere fill the dark atrium void with light, becoming open, bright, and green. Existing concrete beams and additional structures such as pavilions and platforms will form the basis for diverse program and temporary events. Fundamental approach was to respect the current informal use of the structure by young people and strengthen this appeal by inviting all citizens to share this function.

Fig.74 Initial design, MVDRV, 2018

Fig.75 Initial design, MVDRV, 2018 91

SNG SLOVAK NATINAL GALLERY Reference Designer Program Theme Location Status

Fig.76 SNG, Vladimír Dedeček, 1979

In the 1970s Slovak architect Vladimír Dedeček presented a study of the SNG’s extension with the preservation of the historic building. The unique bridge design with 74 m long span allowed a direct view from the Danube embankment to the gallery courtyard. After the revolution the very progressive building became controversial and was not accepted by the public. The bridge will, however, not disappear in the winning proposal for the reconstruction of Slovak National Gallery, which has been critical since 2001 when the bridge was closed for emergency reasons. Due to the economic crisis, the construction began in 2016 and is perceived as a fresh start by opening up the whole area to the public. The winning proposal clarifies complex issues of the reconstruction, creates new distribution of functional relationships and gallery facilities, and evaluates the uniqueness of single buildings and their integration into the surrounding areas and public space. Closed looking structure is transformed into an open institution which naturally invites the visitors and inhabitants. Impressive existing architecture from 1979 is preserved by implementing it to contemporary building. Exhibition areas, inner courtyard with amphitheatre, documentation centre and new depositories are extended. The proposal also considers SNG’s potential in the future.

Fig.77 Initial design, BKPŠ, 2005

Fig.78 View in the courtyard, BKPŠ, 2005 92

Reference Projects

CENTRAL BEHEER OFFICE COMPLEX Reference Designer Program Theme Location Status

An office building is a workplace for 1000 people, designed as a single articulated cubic unit, consisting of sixty tower-like cubes, stacked on one another, and connected on each floor by over-passes. Each unit per floor is variable and flexible with 4-8 modular workstations. Different workstation arrangement is using the grid 150 x 150 cm and dividing the work on social and antisocial.

Fig.79 Stacked concept of modules

DESIGN PROJECT

The office complex is using flexibility, better contact, sense of togetherness and anti-hierarchy over traditional system. The workstations are in communication with each other both horizontally and vertically, and the building creates nonhierarchical atmosphere with a central street area, courtyards with balconies, bridges, meeting or coffee places. Glass-roofed inner space is evoking an outdoor atmosphere. A lightness, transparency and spaciousness of a dense working space are expressed there. Fig.80 Floorplan

Fig.81 Workspaces

Fig.82 Floorplan flexibility

Fig.83 Floorplan of workspace arrangement 93

THE CUBE Reference | Using grid and modules Designer | Sol LeWitt Theme | Serial and modular art conceptual art, minimalism Location | New York

The aim of minimalism was to find a new vocabulary and forms, something neither geometric nor organic. Sol LeWitt’s work focused on the relatively uninteresting, standard and officially recognized forms of the square and the cube released from the necessity of being significant in themselves. These forms can be used better as grammatical devices from which the work may proceed.

Fig.84 Modular Cube, 1966

Sol LeWitt began to construct modules, and used the square and the cube as his basic units. These simple geometric forms provided the primary ingredients for his work in both two and three dimensions. His different variations of structures and sophisticated frameworks are composed according to a simple rule and use basic elements: four basic kinds of straight lines - horizontal, vertical, and two diagonals. The Cube definition “The most interesting characteristic of the cube is that it is relatively uninteresting. Compared to any other threedimensional form, the cube lacks any aggressive force, implies no motion, and is least emotive. Therefore it is the best form to use as a basic unit for any more elaborate function, the grammatical device from which the work may proceed.

Fig.85 Cube/ Base, 1969

Because it is standard and universally recognised, no intention is required of the viewer. It is immediately understood that the cube represents the cube, a geometric figure that is uncontestably itself. The use of the cube obviates the necessity of inventing another form and reserves its use for invention.”

Fig.86 Modular Cube/ Base, 1968 94

Reference Projects

Serial projects of cube structures Further studies of the cube included the relation of the grid to the modular cube. The grid and the cube had the same ratio of line (matter) to interval (space). The three-dimensional object grew out of a two-dimensional grid. In the following examples there are a few of his work on a gridded base exploring the known and unknown within a finite, self exhausting framework mentioned.

Fig.89 Cube structures based on five modules, 1971 - 1974

DESIGN PROJECT

Fig.87 Serial Project No. 1 (ABCD), 1966

Fig.90 Cube structures based on nine modules, 1976 - 1977

Fig.88 Cubes with hidden cubes, 1977

Fig.91 Installations, 1969 - 1975 95

Innovation Lab

Innovation Bratislava currently does not use its potential, its identity is not defined and constantly changing. This is all based on the historical background of the city. Development has been continual, repeating the same cycle. Currently there is a need to change it by creating multicultural and diverse city and become innovative. Innovation is crucial for every city to grow. Although it comes for free, it is important to create an environment where it can take place. It is a frequent cycle and shift between brainstorming (invent), developing ideas (test), producing prototypes (apply), introducing and presenting the final product (export) from which the city will benefit. Innovation is connected with and influences many branches such as education, culture, technology, science and research, as a fundamental part of the city’s identity. It is important to educate people in how they can contribute, learn from the past, do not to dwell on it, but rather move forward. The aim is to create a place to be. Bringing this program on the site is crucial for the future, where one could realize ideas for a better place, attract people with new, fresh thoughts and opinions and return the life back to a decaying icon. Universities and Start-Ups In Bratislava there are currently 12 universities, 60.000 students (5% foreigners), and 8.000 pedagogues. Slovak Academy of Science has 13.000 researchers from which 20% are working in innovation. Nowadays the number of startups in Slovakia is increasing, although there are no coherent statistics. Between 2015 and 2018 Slovakia had 176 - 600 start-ups in various stages of development.

The latest information from 2016 mentions 282 start-up projects that have presented their projects, but only 129 business projects have prepared final presentations. However, only 36% of start-ups were able to survive the following 3 months. Nevertheless, as many as 80% of innovative entrepreneurs are interested in continuing their business22. Another indicator, mentioned in 2017, is 253 innovative and rapidly growing projects23. Finally, the highest estimate of the number of start-ups in Slovakia, released in 2015, claims approximately 600 start-ups24. Despite these differences, all available information and data assume 5 employees/start-up, creating 900 - 3000 new work opportunities. According to these indicators Slovakia is still lacking approximately 1121 workspaces. Innovation Lab According to The Global Innovation Index innovation is divided into the following disciplines: Institutions, Human capital and research, Infrastructure, Market sophistication, Business sophistication, Knowledge and technology outputs and Creative outputs25. The project will focus on technology and creative outputs, specifically innovation in fabrication, science, design, and music. The prevailing concentration of incubators, accelerators and co-working spaces, in terms of numbers, size and activity, remains in Bratislava, where the Slovak start-up community is concentrated. The National Business Center supports small and medium size enterprises through three specialized programs:

__________ 22 SBA Slovak Business Agency, Start-up Analysis in Slovakia, 2018 23 Analysis of the Slovak Alliance for Innovative Economy, Sapie, 2017 24 Concept for the Promotion of Start-Up Ecosystem in the Slovak Republic, 2015 25 The Global Innovation Index, 2017

co-w or ki

bra ins tor m

fé ca o

re sto

ss cu dis

presen t d ist rib u

bis tr

ct rodu al p fin

m ee t

IC BL

labs pr o

IL TA

ces spa ng

N IO CT

a ide

exhi bit io

What is innovation?

Workspaces Working alone Owned

Traditional work environments have changed in the recent years. Innovation helped to create a new work typology, coworking. It is based on collaboration, because good ideas tend to grow when people get and work together.

Co-Working

Working together Shared

DESIGN PROJECT

The aim is to create a new icon, 24-hours accessible building, an ideal framework for all the users, that can adapt over time. It will be an open platform bringing together designers, artists, students, entrepreneurs as well as scientists and public, giving them an opportunity to work with the latest technology, organize workshops, educational activities, become a part of a community, share flexible co-working spaces, enable active knowledge exchange.

develo pe tes t

oms t ro jec

The new Innovation Lab as a part of the Culture and Congress Centre will be defined by the last program, respectively Innovation support. It will be a foundation for start-ups, guide innovative ideas and projects from an early stage and help develop collaboration between companies and the public sector to create an attractive environment for innovative businesses.

PR OD U

N IO

totype pro ce du ro

1. Business start-up: accelerator program26, incubator program 2. Business support: business incubator27, internship program 3. Innovation support: incubators and organisations supporting start-ups

INN OV AT

Innovation Lab

What is co-working?

WORK __________

individual

formal

26 Start-up accelerator - program includes mentorship, education and culminates in a public pitch event (sales presentation). It is privately or publicly funded and focused on a wide range of industries, open to anyone, but highly competitive and helps start ups to accelerate their development and growth

collective

informal

27 Business incubator - helps start-ups to develop by providing services such as management training or workspaces. It is more traditional, government-funded, generally focused on biotech, financial, medical and clean technology or productcentric companies

Division of work 99

The urban proposal of the Innovation Lab was based on the existing structure of the Trade Union House, with a grid 8,70 x 8,70 m. The new building has 4 x 4 modules, each subdivided to 1,70 x 1,70 m. This forms a flexible single workstation and allows a different spatial organization of each workspace and lab.

8,70 x 8,70m

WORK FORMAL

WORK INFORMAL

1,70 x 1,70m

Grid of the new building Labs

1,50

1,00

Co-working open space

Workshop/ Teaching

Workspace group

Metting

Workspace single

1,00

1,70 x 1,70m

Single workstation

100

Typology of workspaces

Innovation Lab

In the following section there are the first volume studies showing different variations and possibilities of a new building arrangement based on a careful study and various site-related situations.

Model of the site, Top view

DESIGN PROJECT

Model of the site, Existing buildings in context

101

Using principle of volumes as in the existing ensemble, creating tower as a dominant element and gradation on the crossroad - competition with the existing high-rise

4. Elevated horizontal volume, facade of existing building is perceived - boundary

Repetition of the volumes

Finding position of the horizontal volume in relation to existing building, expressing the vertical volume

9. Connection and attachment to the existing volume Design Development 102

10.

Innovation Lab

11.

12.

Extention, horizontal volume is attached, vertical is positioned on the rear side of the site creating smaller public space

13.

14.

Creating base for the vertical volume, horizontal volume is more massive

16.

DESIGN PROJECT

15.

Erecting volume vertically from the base in similar approach as the volume of existing auditorium

17.

18.

Tower is dissapearing, gradation of the base volume towards the Market Hall

Subdivision and layering of vertical volume, position in the rear corner of the site

19.

20.

Cubic volumes repetition, horizontal base is aligned from the east

103

21.

22.

Different volume variations finding the proper position of the cubic volume

Subdivision and cantilevering of the cubic volume

23.

24. Base volume offset, passage through the site not just through the building

25.

26.

Releasing the base volume, focusing on the variations of the cubic volume

Implementing new form as one of the basic objects in order to confirm the strength

27.

28.

Multiplying the cube, creating inner courtyards

29.

30.

Aligning the cubes to the backbone

Extrusion, filling the void

Design Development 104

Innovation Lab

31.

32.

Cube subdivision into smaller objects

34.

Expressing front facade towards the public square, repetition of existing volumes

Cut out of the cube mass in the ground floor in order to invite

35.

36.

Creating a void in the cube

Variations of cube mass and positioning as a new autonomous form

37.

38.

39.

40.

DESIGN PROJECT

33.

Final volumetric design, position in the middle of the square, aligned from the both sides by existing volumes, repetition, not competitive

105

Site and existing buildings

Position of important transport hub

Existing pedestrian access Underground passage

Main pedestrian movement

Different viewpoints Perceiving existing building

Respecting entry platform Site currently used as parking lot

Possible building extension

Extending grid of existing structure 8,70 x 8,70 m

Offsetting flag poles Allowing pedestrian circulation

Aligning the new volume

Repetition and extrusion

New autonomous form Satellite

Entrances to new building

Extracting volume, primary entrance Invitation and entrance

Extracting volume, void in centre Allowing sunlight to enter the building

Design Process of the new building 106

GSEducationalVersion

Innovation Lab

Spatial organization of the existing buildings is flexible. However, they are not suitable for high-technical spaces that are needed for the Innovation Lab. Due to this fact the specific performance of the new building cannot be accommodated in the old one. The focus is on the synergy between the new and the old. Users of the Innovation Lab are welcomed to use the auditorium and halls of the existing ensemble, and vice versa. Considering how the new building with existing ensemble impact each other, the Innovation Lab helps rehabilitating the rest. The Innovation Lab is designed as a satellite and extension to the existing ensemble complementing its program. Its position allows to perceive the existing building from different viewpoints. The renewed site invites activity, with circulation for pedestrians and cyclists and it includes sustainable features, stormwater management.

Production and fabrication labs are located on the second floor, on the third floor there are scientific, research and computer labs. On the next two floors there are numerous workspaces, a creativity lab, workshops, lecture and counselling rooms, where the circulation is concentrated in the middle. The common spaces are surrounded around the void. Outdoor sport areas and a bar are located on the last sixth floor.

Workspace

Labs

DESIGN PROJECT

Main entrance faces the public square, the secondary entrance faces the existing building with a direct connection to the underground parking. The building has two cores. Circular staircases are positioned in the void with skylight allowing the vertical communication and interaction between different work groups. The conceptual design of the building lies in a vertical split of all floors, where the lower levels serve public purposes that tend to be louder while the upper ones consist of various office spaces where people can focus on their work. On the ground floor there is a bookstore, café, bistro and store, connected to the first floor with a lecture hall and exhibition spaces not just for the tenants but for all the visitors and locals as well.

Sport

Exhibition

Bistro, Café, Bookstore

Vertical communication and access

Program for the Innovation Lab 107

GSEducationalVersion

Perspective view showing connection of the public square and former railways 108

Innovation Lab

DESIGN PROJECT 109

Kin

art

us e

ild

Yo u

ntr

Ch ild

re n

an dY ou th

ing

us e

ing

Te c

rfo

rm ing

±0 Pe

hn ics

Pla

Art

tre

=+ un 13 d 8,8 0

art

m en

ts Lo

ing

us e

Re vo l

ut io

ing

Bra

eri

tya

ing

ing Lo

ing

Bik

ing

Pla

ltu

ing

ntr

va ti

In no va t

ion

b +0

ing

W ate

lay

va ti

b und

rgro

Unde

±0

BUS

Unde nd

rgrou

d un

rg de

Top view of the centre 110

GSEducationalVersion

Innovation Lab

5 Gro

Sto

Ho Ho tel us an ing d Ho

ing

DESIGN PROJECT

±0

ing

ound

ergr

Und

BUS

50m

111

Performing Arts Centre Kindergarten Store 67,85 m2

Store 34,81 m2

Storage 12,25 m2

Store 37,17 m2

Infopoint

Foyer 159,38 m2

Toilett 36,30 m2

Grocery Store 615,76 m2

Store 26,68 m2

Playroom

Office 16,67 m2

Passage 124,80 m2

Kindergarten 244,89 m2

Grocery Store

+1,05

Sleep Room Cloakroom 20,44 m2

Storage 16,44 m2

Bathroom 17,97 m2

Store 16,78 m2

Common Room

Laundry First Aid 5,48 m2 5,02 m2

Store 67,85 m2

Waiting Area 37,80 m2

Foyer 296,27 m2

Store 35,11 m2

Passage 199,37 m2

Store 72,87 m2

Children and Youth Centre Terrace 232,50 m2

Kitchen 18,45 m2

Corridor 33,28 m2

Toilett 24,36 m2

Storage 15,88 m2

Information 17,39 m2

Toilett 5,35 m2

Toilett 21,87 m2

Puppet Theatre 178,54 m2

Housing

Courtyard

+0,50

Bikes 125,14 m2

Playground

Clean Room 3,14 m2

±0,00 =+138,80

HVAC 8,31 m2

Clean Room EDP 5,78 m2 6,43 m2

Dressing Room 33,28 m2

Brasserie 122,13 m2

Backstage 62,10 m2 Cloakroom 9,29 m2

Workshop 15,66 m2 Storage 10,39 m2

Store 86,73 m2

Dressing Room 31,63 m2

Brasserie Social Room 131,28 m2

HVAC 8,31 m2

Kitchen 15,12 m2

Personal

Toilett 28,08 m2

±0,00 = +138,80

Parking

Storage 17,70 m2

Storage 7,20 m2

Kitchen 10,20 m2

Housing

+1,05

Loading Apartments

Storage 43,76 m2

Transformer 64,02 m2

Technic 58,41 m2

Technic 47,79 m2

Technic 23,31 m2

Toilett 46,17 m2

Acoustics 12,00 m2

Panoramic Cinema 410,16 m2

Storage 14,46 m2

Storage 12,22 m2

Storage 9,50 m2

Front Desk 37,99 m2

Lobby 69,87 m2

Toilett 27,93 m2

Stage Manipulation 189,88 m2 Central Distribution 7,20 m2

Equipment 7,20 m2

HVAC 291,87 m2

Locker Room 38,40 m2

Toilett Staff 9,30 m2

HVAC 291,87 m2

Bar 90,52 m2

Toilett 14,38 m2 Clean Room 4,05 m2 Cloakroom 51,17 m2

HVAC 461,44 m2

Toilett 27,15 m2 Locker Room 5,10 m2

Toilett 23,51 m2

Tickets 27,52 m2 Clean Room 2,74 m2

Storage 12,22 m2

Hotel

Storage 14,46 m2

Locker Room 5,10 m2

Cloakroom 16,46 m2

Understage 437,87 m2

Storage Stage Costumes 68,85 m2

Personal

Foyer 701,53 m2

Toilett 20,79 m2

Kitchen 24,84 m2

Storage 4,65 m2

Locker Room 25,18 m2

Buffet 22,68 m2

Storage Musical Instruments 68,85 m2

Office 23,41 m2

Toilett 24,95 m2

Locker Room 23,49 m2

Orchestra 56,40 m2

Office 23,69 m2

Storage Furniture 46,08 m2

Tuning 68,85 m2 Lounge Orchestra 126,24 m2

Culture and Congress Centre Office 23,69 m2

Cloakroom 25,80 m2

Toilett 65,61 m2

Storage Goods 27,54 m2

Storage Stage Sets 68,04 m2

Storage 30,78 m2

Storage 23,51 m2

Storage Exhibition 29,36 m2

Information/ Tickets 43,69 m2

Storage 23,88 m2

Personal Storage 22,63 m2

Maintenance Exhibition 30,76 m2

Maintenance Storage Storage 12,65 m2

Toilett 23,10 m2

First Aid 19,14 m2

Sauna 25,74 m2

Cloakroom 20,79 m2

Storages Maintenance22,44 m 99,00 m2

Storage Maintanance 50,64 m2

Cleaning Mechanism 34,42 m2

Storage Stage Sets 57,51 m2

Loading Parking

Storage Garden Furniture 33,00 m2

+0,50

rgro

Bikes

Parking

±0,00 = +138,80

Innovation Lab

Terrace 221,85 m2

Bistro 213,31 m2

Bikes 16,60 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2

Café Bar 72,21 m2

Water Play

Clean Room 4,00 m2

EDP Storage 4,05 m2 6,21 m2

Bookstore 55,90 m2 Foyer 289,00 m2

Infopoint

Playground

Innovation Lab

Kitchen 39,95 m2

Storage 20,65 m2

Emergency Room 6,63 m2

Store 127,28 m2

Toilett 28,32 m2

Waste Storage 8,75 m2

Ground floorplan of the centre 112

GSEducationalVersion

Innovation Lab

DESIGN PROJECT

rgro

Undergro

und

50m

113

Innovation Lab

Bistro 213,31 m2

Bikes 16,60 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2

Café Bar 72,21 m2 Clean Room 4,00 m2

EDP Storage 4,05 m2 6,21 m2

Bookstore 55,90 m2 Foyer 289,00 m2

Infopoint

Innova

Kitchen 39,95 m2

Storage 20,65 m2

Emergency Room 6,63 m2 Toilett 28,32 m2

Waste Storage 8,75 m2

Ground floorplan 114

GSEducationalVersion

Store 127,28 m2

Innovation Lab

±0,00 = +138,80

Water Play

DESIGN PROJECT

ation Lab

10m

115

Exhibition 218,45 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2 Clean Room 4,00 m2

EDP Storage 4,05 m2 6,21 m2

Lecture Hall 144,50 m2

Emergency Room 6,63 m2 Toilett 28,32 m2

First floorplan - Exhibition 116

GSEducationalVersion

Exhibition 366,35 m2

Innovation Lab

Prototype Lab 88,40 m2 testing before produce

CNC Lab 72,25 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2

Wood Workshop 144,50 m2

Clean Room 4,00 m2

EDP Storage 4,05 m2 6,21 m2

Waterjet Lab 55,46 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

Laser Lab 56,95 m2

Robotic Fab Lab 146,20 m2

Project Room 87,76 m2 Emergency Room 6,63 m2

3D Print Lab 72,25 m2

Toilett 28,32 m2

Second floorplan - Production and Fab Labs

10m

117

Clinic Lab 147,92 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2

IT Lab 144,50 m2

Clean Room 4,00 m2

EDP Storage 4,05 m2 6,21 m2

Physics Lab 71,38 m2

Chemistry Lab 148,78 m2

Kitchen 30,10 m2

Break Area 43,86 m2

Emergency Room 6,63 m2 Toilett 28,32 m2

Third floorplan - Science and Computer Labs 118

GSEducationalVersion

Computer Science Lab 147,92 m2

Innovation Lab

Workspace 146,20 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2

Workshop 71,38 m2

Clean Room 4,00 m2

Workbay

Sleeping Nook

EDP Storage 4,05 m2 6,21 m2

Workspace 90,10 m2

Workspace 90,10 m2 Think-Tank 16,17 m2

Meeting 17,34 m2

Print 6,46 m2

Kitchen 11,56 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

Standing Nook

Standing Meeting 17,34 m2

Play Lab 71,38 m2

Emergency Room 6,63 m2 Toilett 28,32 m2

Fourth floorplan - Workspaces

Meeting 17,34 m2

Workspace 146,20 m2

Sleeping Nook

Dedicated Table

Shared Table

10m

119

Lab Workspace 146,20 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2

Lecture Room 71,38 m2

Clean Room 4,00 m2

EDP Storage 4,05 m2 6,21 m2

Lab Workspace 90,10 m2

Lab Workspace 90,10 m2 Meeting 17,34 m2

Meeting 17,34 m2

Print 5,10 m2

Kitchen 11,56 m2

Think-Tank 11,71 m2 Standing Meeting 17,34 m2 Think-Tank 10,39 m2

IT Support 71,38 m2

Emergency Room 6,63 m2

Counselling 56,76 m2

Toilett 28,32 m2 Mentors/ Administration 91,16 m2

Fifth floorplan - Workspaces 120

GSEducationalVersion

Innovation Lab

Badminton 147,90 m2

Toilett 20,01 m2

Storage 24,90 m2

HVAC 42,33 m2

Clean Room 4,00 m2

EDP Storage 3,75 m2 5,75 m2

Roof Terrace 153,50 m2 Work Out 116,58 m2

Rooftop Bar 25,00 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

Storage 5,70 m2

First Aid 6,45 m2

Emergency Room 5,85 m2

Changing Rooms 28,81 m2

Toilett 28,31 m2

Roof Garden 147,90 m2

Storage 10,70 m2

Sixth floorplan - Sport

10m

121

Technic 228,20 m2

Technic 295,05 m2

Technic 63,25 m2

Storage 135,70 m2

Storage 210,04 m2

Technic 32,73 m2 Technic 105,55 m2

Technic Storage 55,97 m2 400,47 m2

Technic 113,87 m2

Storage 31,16 m2

Parking 1 519,28 m2 42x

Storage Scene 132,25 m2

Storage 170,51 m2

Storage 130,90 m2

Storage 31,54 m2

Trafo 27,00 m2

Technic 82,50 m2

Storage 27,50 m2

Technic 57,75 m2

Storage 66,70 m2

Security 30,25 m2

Storage 103,50 m2

Workshop 43,76 m2

Storage 91,45 m2

Technic 83,49 m2

Storage 73,46 m2

Storages 31,27 m2

Technic 44,40 m2

Storage 36,90 m2

Technic 127,50 m2

Storage 69,62 m2 Storage 165,11 m2

Technic 53,24 m2

Storage 35,42 m2

HVAC 291,87 m2

Storage 38,69 m2

HVAC 291,87 m2

Toilett 37,71 m2

Storage 119,14 m2

Storage 134,14 m2

Technic 892,62 m2

Parking 3 387,83 m2 79x

Storage 219,27 m2

TOTAL Parking 176x

Toilett 21,45 m2

Technic 119,90 m2

Bikes 198,51 m2 56x

Technic 245,03 m2 Parking 1 778,05 m2 55x

Technic 22,04 m2

Technic 70,55 m2 Technic 22,04 m2

Underground floorplan 122

GSEducationalVersion

Technic 77,33 m2

50m

Innovation Lab

DESIGN PROJECT 123

+32,00 Roof Terrace

+26,40

Counselling

Workspace

Computer Science Lab

Clinic Lab

3D Print Lab

Prototype Lab

Exhibition

+22,70

+19,20

+15,70

+11,50

+6,00 Store

±0,00 = +138,80 Parking

Longitudal Section 124

GSEducationalVersion

Foyer

Innovation Lab

DESIGN PROJECT

+24,90

+18,50

+16,50 +15,30

+11,30 Auditorium

+7,70 Cloakroom +4,10

Cash Desk

Foyer +0,50

10m

125

+32,00

+26,40

+22,70

+19,20

+15,70

+11,50

+6,00

±0,00 = +138,80

Section 126

GSEducationalVersion

10m

Innovation Lab

+32,00

Sixth ﬂoor Roof Terrace/ Sport Construction height = 5,70 m Ceiling height = 4,95 m Floor impregnated pine boarding impregnated pine joists sealing rigid-foam thermal insulation vapour barrier reinforced concrete slab

28 mm 10 mm 140 mm 500 mm

+26,70

Fifth ﬂoor Workspaces Construction height = 3,70 m Ceiling height = 3,05 m Floor carpet raised ﬂoor reinforced concrete slab exposed ceiling

5 mm 145 mm 300 mm

+22,85

Fourth ﬂoor Workspaces Construction height = 3,50 m Ceiling height = 3,05 m Floor carpet raised ﬂoor reinforced concrete slab exposed ceiling

5 mm 145 mm 300 mm

+19,35

Third ﬂoor Labs/ Workspaces Construction height = 3,50 m Ceiling height = 3,05 m Floor polished concrete paving slab raised ﬂoor metal crossbeams, pedestals reinforced concrete slab exposed ceiling +15,85

35 mm 115 mm 400 mm

Floor polished concrete paving slab raised ﬂoor metal crossbeams, pedestals reinforced concrete slab exposed ceiling

35 mm 115 mm 400 mm

+11,65

DESIGN PROJECT

Second ﬂoor Labs Construction height = 4,20 m Ceiling height = 3,65 m

First floor Auditorium Construction height = 5,50 m Ceiling height = 4,95 m Floor polished concrete paving slab raised floor metal crossbeams, pedestals reinforced concrete slab exposed ceiling white paint fire protection coating

35 mm 115 mm 300 mm

+6,15

Ground floor Bistro/ Lobby Construction height = 6,00 m Ceiling height = 5,40 m Floor polished concrete paving slab raised floor metal crossbeams, pedestals gypsum fibreboard EPS insulation reinforced concrete slab mineral wool insulation

35 mm 115 mm 20 mm 120 mm 300 mm 60 mm

±0,00 = +138,80

Underground Parking/ Storage/ Technic reinforced concrete wall, watertight 450 mm XPS insulation 100 mm vapour barrier mineral wool insulation 50 mm gypsum plasterboard 15 mm reinforced concrete slab 600 mm -3,00

Facade Elevation

Facade Section 127

The structural grid of the facade of the Innovation Lab reflects the ongoing grid of the existing building. The volume of the new building is divided into two parts, in the lower one there are public functions and labs, in the upper one workspaces with more dense facade subdivision. Diagonal prefabricated concrete elements with terrazzo looking cladding achieve the same shadow effect as the facade of the House of Revolution.

1 400/400 mm precast reinforced column 2 post-and-rail facade window, triple glazing in aluminium frame: 8 mm ﬂoat glass + 16 mm cavity + 6 mm heat-prestrenthened glass + 14 mm cavity + 8 mm laminated safety glass 3 load-bearing precast concrete unit, outer face through-coloured terrazzo look 4 200 mm lightweight precast concrete unit (terrazzo look) 5 40 mm rear ventilated cavity

Facade Detail in horizontal section 128

GSEducationalVersion

Innovation Lab

2 1

1 Roof terrace: 28 mm impregnated pine boarding impregnated pine joists 10 mm bearers glass-ﬁbre-reinforced plastic sealing 140 mm rigid-foam thermal insulation vapour barrier 400 mm reinforced concrete deck 2 railing steel

3 5 mm carpet 145 mm raised floor 300 mm reinforced concrete slab exposed ceiling, white paint fire protection coating 4 facade window, triple glazing in aluminium frame: 8 mm float glass + 16 mm cavity + 6 mm heat-prestrenthened glass + 14 mm cavity + 8 mm laminated safety glass 5 130/65/8 mm steel angle at foot 60/60/1,5 mm aluminium profile angle along edge and above to accomodate tolerances 6 moisture barrier 7 100 mm lightweight precast concrete unit (terrazzo look) 8 sun protection

11 35 mm polished concrete paving slab metal crossbeams 115 mm metal pedestals 20 mm gypsum ﬁbreboard 120 mm EPS insulation 300 mm reinforced concrete slab 60 mm mineral wool insulation 12 60 mm prefab concrete sill 70 mm mortar bed 160 mm PUR insulation PE separating sheet 300 mm reinforced concrete slab 13 60 mm concrete pavers mortar bed liquid plastic sealant ≥ 120 mm concrete overlay with 2 % slope 300 mm reinforced concrete slab

6 7 8

DESIGN PROJECT

9 Facade element: lightweight precast concrete unit (terrazzo look) 100 mm mineral wool core insulation 400/400 mm precast reinforced column, load-bearing 10 35 mm polished concrete paving slab metal crossbeams 115 mm metal pedestals 300 mm reinforced concrete slab exposed ceiling, white paint ﬁre protection coating

Facade Detail in vertical section 129

Interior view of the Innovation Lab 130

Innovation Lab

DESIGN PROJECT 131

132

House of Revolution

133

EXISTING PROGRAM

STRATEGY

ACTIVITY

Congress and Culture Centre

preservation

HOUSE OF REVOLUTION

meet discuss present perform rehearse

Design Strategy

The ambition is to present the quality of the building to the public as an open and democratic space. The general approach of the House of Revolution is the preservation of the existing building without making important interventions to the structure, the stairs or the floors. The structure and the interior have maintained its conditions until today. Only small interventions were done in order to reconstruct the interior spaces. Besides the structure itself it was important to preserve the program of the congress and cultural centre, attracting visitors of all age groups. It will become the hearth of the area and its wider surroundings. During congresses, conferences or symposiums, held occasionally, the entry platform will be used as a gathering space. On top of these events, different user scenarios will take place, such as concerts, open-air cinema, exhibitions, markets or a skate rink.

Design Process 134

GSEducationalVersion

House of Revolution

Dec Nov

Jan 22

Oct

Feb

04 05

Sep

Mar

17 16

08 09

Aug

Apr

10 12 11

July

May June

Auditorium, Cinema, Halls Concert Dec Nov

Jan 22

Oct

Feb

04 05

Sep

Mar

17 16

08 09

Aug

Apr

10 12 11

July

May June

Bistro

Open-air cinema Dec Nov

Jan 22

Oct

Feb

04 05

Sep

Mar

17 16

08 09

Aug

Apartments

Apr

10 12 11

May June

DESIGN PROJECT

July

Exhibition Dec Nov

Jan 22

Oct

Feb

Sep

Office

04 05

Mar

17 16

08 09

Aug

Apr

10 12 11

July

May June

Market

Back of house

Dec Nov

Jan 22

Oct

Feb

04 05

Sep

Aug

Mar

08 09

15 14

Apr

10 12 11

July

May June

Skate Rink

Vertical communication and access

Entry platform user scenarios

Program 135

GSEducationalVersion

Storage 43,76 m2

Transformer 64,02 m2

Technic 58,41 m2

Technic 47,79 m2

Technic 23,31 m2

Toilett 46,17 m2

Stage Manipulation 189,88 m2

HVAC 291,87 m2

Locker Room 38,40 m2 Toilett

Storage Kitchen 9,14 m2 12,75 m2

HVAC 291,87 m2

Buffet 23,93 m2

14,38 m2 HVAC 461,44 m2

Toilett 23,51 m2 Clean Room 2,74 m2

Cloakroom 16,46 m2 Understage 437,87 m2

Storage Stage Costumes 68,85 m2

Personal Kitchen 24,84 m2

Toilett 20,79 m2

Locker Room 25,18 m2

Buffet 22,68 m2

Storage Musical Instruments 68,85 m2

Office 23,41 m2

Locker Room 23,49 m2

Orchestra 56,40 m2

Office 23,69 m2

Toilett 24,95 m2

Lounge Orchestra 126,24 m2

Storage Furniture 46,08 m2

Tuning 68,85 m2

Office 23,69 m2

Cloakroom 25,80 m2

Toilett 65,61 m2

Storage Goods 27,54 m2

Storage Stage Sets 68,04 m2

Storage 30,78 m2

Storage 23,51 m2

Storage Exhibition 29,36 m2

Information/ Tickets 43,69 m2

Storage 23,88 m2

Personal Storage 22,63 m2 Maintenance Exhibition 30,76 m2 Storage 12,65 m2

Toilett 23,10 m2

First Aid 19,14 m2

Sauna 25,74 m2

Cloakroom 20,79 m2

Storages Maintenance 99,00 m2

Cleaning Mechanism 34,42 m2

Storage Stage Sets 57,51 m2

L Parking

Storage Garden Furniture 33,00 m2

Bikes

Parking

Ground floorplan 136

GSEducationalVersion

House of Revolution

Acoustics 12,00 m2

Panoramic Cinema 410,16 m2

Storage 14,46 m2

Storage 12,22 m2

Storage 9,50 m2

Lobby 69,87 m2 Toilett 27,93 m2

Central Distribution 7,20 m2 Equipment 7,20 m2 Lounge 78,52 m2

Toilett Staff 9,30 m2

Bar 90,52 m2

Clean Room 4,05 m2 Cloakroom 51,17 m2 Toilett 27,15 m2 Tickets 27,52 m2

Storage 14,46 m2

Storage 12,22 m2

Hotel

Foyer 701,53 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

Culture and Congress Centre

rgr

+0,50

10m

137

Dressing Room 45,66 m2

Dressing Rooms 47,79 m2

Dressing Room 26,24 m2

Office 23,60 m2

Office 24,78 m2

HVAC 291,87 m2

Office 24,78 m2

Office 24,54 m2

Toilett 33,63 m2

Emergency Room 9,96 m2

HVAC 56,54 m2

Clean Room 10,43 m2 Dressing Room 27,41 m2

Storage 43,91 m2

HVAC 33,58 m2

Toilett 128,27 m2

Toilett 33,40 m2

Foyer 2 317, Clean Room 3,85 m2

Director 17,76 m2

Backstage 99,91 m2

Kitchen 26,88 m2

Main Auditorium 817,06 m2

HVAC 315,95 m2

Buffet 49,17 m2

Performers Room 96,55 m2

Cloakroom 188,91 m2

Balcony 27,06 m2

Smoking Room 68,85 m2

First floorplan 138

GSEducationalVersion

House of Revolution

Storage 7,29 m2 Buffet 19,50 m2

Kitchen 9,45 m2

Panoramic Cinema 407,36 m2

HVAC 14,24 m2

Storage 15,06 m2

Cafeteria 27,39 m2

Lounge 30,40 m2

HVAC Lounge 13,50 m2 14,61 m2

Projection 34,76 m2

Meeting Room 65,61 m2

Entrance Room 14,78 m2

,92 m2 Smoking Room 25,46 m2 HVAC 14,24 m2 Backstage 60,55 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

10m

139

Apartment 48,20 m2

Dressing Rooms 125,86 m2

Distributor 27,71 m2

Multi-purpose Hall 423,66 m2

Rehearsal Room 229,07 m2

Gaffers 49,54 m2

Apartment 116,54 m2

Toilett 33,40 m2 Clean Room 3,85 m2

Office 17,76 m2

Foyer 2 206,

Stage Fitting 99,91 m2

Kitchen 26,88 m2

Main Auditorium 1 272,58 m2

Buffet 49,17 m2

Office 23,47 m2

Office 23,80 m2 Sound 30,08 m2 Office 23,80 m2

Office 23,80 m2

Smoking Room 68,85 m2

Second floorplan 140

GSEducationalVersion

House of Revolution

Storage 17,01 m2

Kitchen 23,36 m2

Dressing Rooms 46,59 m2

Office 23,52 m2

Workshop 47,15 m2

Toilett 35,00 m2

Cafeteria 24,36 m2

Buffet 45,75 m2

Audiovisual Centre 173,60 m2

Audiovisual Centre 111,06 m2

Hall 65,61 m2

,30 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

10m

141

Roof 629,48 m2

HVAC 146,49 m2

HVAC 84,62 m2

Rehearsal Room 72,29 m2

Technic 36,02 m2

Cooling Towers 267,85 m2

Light 12,81 m2 Projection 8,45 m2 Sound 7,80 m2

Toilett 21,97 m2

Broadcasting 12,02 m2

Direction 10,98 m2

Sound 19,42 m2

Sound 36,18 m2

Projection 18,63 m2

Light/Scene 20,61 m2 TV 27,10 m2 Toilett 17,37 m2

Fire Dep Translation Translation 13,18 m2 6,80 m2 5,83 m2

Translation 10,05 m2

HVAC 83,22 m2

Third floorplan 142

GSEducationalVersion

House of Revolution

Roof Terrace 250,83 m2

Technic 173,60 m2

Technic 102,60 m2

Storage 7,14 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

10m

143

House of Revolution

+24,90

+21,10

+18,50

+18,50 Auditorium

+16,50

+16,50 +16,00 +15,30

+15,00 +13,80

+13,60

+11,30

+11,00

+9,70

Foyer +7,70

+7,70 Cloakroom

+4,00

+4,10

+4,10 Orchestra

Storage

Dressing Room

Cash Desk

+0,50

-2,50

±0,00 = +138,80

Cross Section 144

GSEducationalVersion

House of Revolution

+66,25

+63,45

DESIGN PROJECT

+18,50

+16,50

+14,60 Technic

Technic

Audiovisual Centre

+11,70

Foyer

Audiovisual Centre +7,70

Panoramic Cinema

+7,70 Meeting Room +4,35

+4,10 Hotel Lounge +0,50

+0,50 ±0,00 = +138,80

-2,50

10m

145

Perspective view from the main square 146

House of Revolution

DESIGN PROJECT 147

148

House of Technics

149

EXISTING PROGRAM

STRATEGY

Retail, Ofﬁce, Administration

revitalization

HOUSE OF TECHNICS

PROPOSED PROGRAM Retail, Performing Arts Centre

ACTIVITY work meet shop eat drink dance play

Design Strategy

Changes in the interior of the House of Technics were made while preserving the structure as whole. The Performance Arts Centre is introduced as a part of the new program. Retail, a grocery store and different smaller local stores with orientation to the inner courtyard are located on the ground floor. On the first floor in the wing connected to the House of Revolution there are conference and meeting rooms, along with media premises. In the other wing there are rehearsal rooms, classrooms, recording studios and administration.

Design Process 150

GSEducationalVersion

House of Technics

Performance arts centre

Congress, office

DESIGN PROJECT

Retail

Café

Vertical communication and access

Program 151

GSEducationalVersion

Performing Arts Centre

Store 67,85 m2

Store 34,81 m2

Storage 12,25 m2

Store 37,17 m2

Infopoint

Foyer 159,38 m2

Toilett 36,30 m2

Grocery S 615,76 m2

Store 26,68 m2

Passage 124,80 m2

Store 16,78 m2

Store 67,85 m2

Store 35,11 m2

Waiting Area 37,80 m2

Passage 199,37 m2

Store 72,87 m2

Terrace 232,50 m2

Toilett 24,36 m2

Playground ±0,00 =+138,80 Clean Room EDP 5,78 m2 6,43 m2

Brasserie 122,13 m2

Store 86,73 m2

Storage 17,70 m2

Ground floorplan 152

GSEducationalVersion

Storage 7,20 m2

Kitchen 10,20 m2

House of Technics

Store

+1,05

Grocery Store

Courtyard Bikes 125,14 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

Corridor 33,28 m2

Brasserie Social Room 131,28 m2

Loading Loading +1,05

10m

153

Classroom 34,81 m2

Workshop 32,45 m2

Storage 12,25 m2

Office 34,81 m2

Meeting Room 34,81 m2

Waiting Area 36,00 m2

Classroom 33,28 m2

Toilett 36,30 m2

Hall 70,21 m2

Exhibition Hall 73,15 m2

Break Area 19,50 m2

Cloakroom 35,69 m2

Conference Room 70,50 m2

Kitchen 16,20 m2

Toilett 24,36 m2

Clean Room EDP 5,78 m2 6,43 m2

Conference Room 70,21 m2

Meeting Room 32,45 m2

Meeting Room 34,81 m2

Press Center 70,21 m2

Meeting Room 34,81 m2

Meeting Room 34,51 m2

First floorplan 154

GSEducationalVersion

Media Lounge 34,51 m2

House of Technics

Hall 70,21 m2

Classroom 34,81 m2

Classroom 70,21 m2

Classroom 34,81 m2

Classroom 69,87 m2

Classroom 47,49 m2

Storage 23,94 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

10m

155

Classroom 70,21 m2

Workshop 32,45 m2

Storage 12,25 m2

Music Rehearsal 34,81 m2

Classroom 33,28 m2

Toilett 36,30 m2

Classroom 34,81 m2

Break Area 38,35 m2

Cloakroom 35,69 m2

Exhibition Hall 73,15 m2

Music Rehearsal 34,81 m2

Break Area 19,50 m2

Dance Studio 70,50 m2

Kitchen 16,20 m2

Toilett 24,36 m2

Clean Room EDP 5,78 m2 6,43 m2

Dance Studio 107,97 m2

Dressing Room 33,64 m2

Dance Studio 67,55 m2

Second floorplan 156

GSEducationalVersion

Dance Studio 67,55 m2

House of Technics

Classroom 70,21 m2

Music Rehearsal 34,81 m2

Vocal Room 32,45 m2

Music Rehearsal 34,81 m2

Band Practice 34,47 m2

Recording Studio 33,92 m2

Control Room 15,34 m2

Equipment Storage 23,94 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

10m

157

Perspective view of the inner courtyard 158

House of Technics

DESIGN PROJECT 159

160

House of Children and Youth

161

EXISTING PROGRAM

Theatre, Library

STRATEGY revitalization

HOUSE OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

PROPOSED PROGRAM Theatre, Kindergarten, Library

ACTIVITY play educate

Design Strategy

The House of Children and Youth has the same revitalization strategy as the House of Technics. The structure of the building and the existing Puppet theatre will be preserved, with an addition of a new program for children and youth. The kindergarten on the ground floor has a separate entrance and a direct connection to the playground in the courtyard. In the large foyer with skylight there is a spacious staircase that serves both for accessibility and different events and activities. On the first floor there is a library, a media library, a reading room, a blackroom, and spaces for workshops and administration.

Design Process 162

GSEducationalVersion

House of Children and Youth

KINDERGARTEN

Kindergarten

LIBRARY

Library

THEATRE

DESIGN PROJECT

Theatre

OFFICE

Office

VERTICAL COMMUNICATION & ACCESS

Vertical communication and access

Program 163

GSEducationalVersion

Kindergarten

Playroom

Office 16,67 m2

Kindergarten 244,89 m2 Sleep Room Cloakroom 20,44 m2

Storage 16,44 m2

Bathroom 17,97 m2

Laundry First Aid 5,48 m2 5,02 m2

Common Room

Foyer 296,27 m2

Children and Youth Centre Kitchen 18,45 m2

Storage 15,88 m2

+0,50 Information 17,39 m2

Toilett 5,35 m2

Puppet Theatre 178,54 m2

Toilett 21,87 m2

Playground

Clean Room 3,14 m2

HVAC 8,31 m2

±0,00 =+138,80

Dressing Room 33,28 m2 Backstage 62,10 m2

Cloakroom 9,29 m2

Storage 10,39 m2

Dressing Room 31,63 m2

HVAC 8,31 m2

Personal

Parking Ground floorplan 164

GSEducationalVersion

House of Children and Youth

Multimedia 109,14 m2

Workshop 72,26 m2

Library 119,02 m2

Storage 10,51 m2

Reading Area 93,02 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

Counseling 36,29 m2

Administration 19,22 m2

Equipment 17,07 m2

Projection 31,62 m2

First floorplan

Entrance Room 15,26 m2

Puppet Theatre 161,35 m2

Toilett 5,35 m2

Toilett 21,87 m2

Clean Room 3,14 m2

Technic 28,75 m2

Backstage 62,10 m2

Blackbox 68,47 m2

10m

165

Interior view of the Library and Kindergarten 166

House of Technics

DESIGN PROJECT 167

168

Hotel and Housing

169

EXISTING PROGRAM

Ofﬁce

STRATEGY transformation

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

PROPOSED PROGRAM Hotel, Rental apartments

ACTIVITY live sleep eat rest excercise

Design Strategy

The former 17 floors high Administration building is transformed into a congress hotel and rental apartments. In order to enlarge the former offices and transform them into living spaces there is a new framed load-bearing structure added. The balconies extensions widen the hotel rooms and apartments, connect them with outdoor spaces and bring more natural light. The grid of the new facade corresponds to the existing one, which consists of repetitive window pattern. Bratislava currently has 925 rental apartments that only 2% of inhabitants use. The transformed building will bring 72 new rental apartments and 10 hotel rooms. There are additional 222 rooms available in a hotel adjusted to the shopping centre Central. These can be used in case of larger congresses or symposiums. The main entrance is situated in the volume of the House of Revolution. Located on the ground floor there is a lobby with reception and bar. On the first and second floor there are hotel rooms with additional meeting spaces and conference rooms with a lounge. The apartments, a bike parking, common social room and other facilities are accessible from the other two entrances. On the third floor there is gym with access to the roof. Rental apartments are located from the fourth to the fifteenth floor. There is a rooftop bar and a restaurant overlooking the city located on the last two floors.

Design Process 170

GSEducationalVersion

Hotel and Housing

Hotel

Housing

DESIGN PROJECT

Gym, roof terrace

Restaurant, Bar

Office, meeting, conference

Vertical communication and access

Program 171

GSEducationalVersion

199,37 m

72,87 m

Terrace 232,50 m2

Courtyard

Brasserie 122,13 m2

Brasserie

Storage 7,20 m2

Kitchen 10,20 m2

+1,05

Acoustics 12,00 m2

Panoramic Cinema 410,16 m2

Storage 14,46 m2

Storage 12,22 m2

Central Distribution 7,20 m2

Equipment 7,20 m2

Toilett Staff 9,30 m2

Clean Room 4,05 m2 Cloakroom 51,17 m2

Toilett 27,15 m2

Tickets 27,52 m2 Storage 12,22 m2 Storage 14,46 m2

Ground floorplan 172

GSEducationalVersion

Hotel and Housing

Corridor 33,28 m2

Housing

Bikes 125,14 m2

Workshop 15,66 m2

Social Room 131,28 m2

Kitchen 15,12 m2

Toilett 28,08 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

±0,00 = +138,80

Storage 9,50 m2

Housing

Front Desk 37,99 m2

Lobby 69,87 m2

Toilett 27,93 m2

Bar 90,52 m2

Hotel

10m

173

Hotel rooms

Storage 15,06 m2

Cafeteria 27,39 m2

Lounge 30,40 m2

Meeting Room 65,61 m2

Smoking Room 25,46 m2

First floorplan 174

GSEducationalVersion

Storage 2,40 m2

Hotel and Housing

DESIGN PROJECT

Hotel rooms

Workshop 47,15 m2

Audiovisual Centre 111,06 m2

Second floorplan

Toilett 35,00 m2

Cafeteria 24,36 m2

Hall 65,61 m2

10m

175

Terrace 67,92 m2

Gym 284,16 m2

Changing Rooms 28,08 m2

Information 36,08 m2

Roof Terrace 250,83 m2

Technic 102,60 m2

Third floorplan 176

GSEducationalVersion

Terrace 67,92 m2

Toilett 28,08 m2

Hotel and Housing

DESIGN PROJECT

Rental Apartments

4th - 15th floorplan

10m

177

Terrace 67,92 m2

Storage 13,78 m2

Kitchen 43,46 m2

Dressing Room 14,31 m2

Office 14,31 m2

Restaurant 218,08 m2

Toilett 28,08 m2

Information 36,08 m2

Clean Room 9,86 m2

16th floorplan 178

GSEducationalVersion

Terrace 67,92 m2

Hotel and Housing

Roof Terrace 282,48 m2

Rooftop Bar 368,72 m2

DESIGN PROJECT

17th floorplan

10m

179

+13,20

+12,85

+11,50 Dressing Room

+9,70 +9,15

+8,25 +7,70 +6,45 Counselling

Library

Meeting Room

Reading Room +4,65

+4,10

+3,75 Store

Foyer

Kindergarten +1,05

+1,05

-3,00

+0,50

-3,00

Cross Section 180

GSEducationalVersion

Passage

Hotel and Housing

+66,25

Rooftop Bar +63,45 +62,45

Restaurant +58,65

+55,05

+51,50

+47,85

+44,25

DESIGN PROJECT

+40,65

+37,05

+33,45

+29,85

+26,25

+22,65

+19,05 Apartment +15,45 Gym +11,85 Hotel

Dance Studio +8,25 Press Centre

Hotel +4,65

Brasserie

Social Room +1,05 ±0,00 = +138,80

-3,00

10m

181

Perspective view of the rental apartment 182

Hotel and Housing

DESIGN PROJECT 183

184

Design Summary

185

Infopoint

GSEducationalVersion

Workbay

GSEducationalVersion

Sleeping Nook

Standing Nook

Sleeping Nook

Dedicated Table

Innovation Lab GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

House of Revolution Comparison of project sizes M 1:2000 186

New structure

Shared Table

Design Summary

GSEducationalVersion

House of Technics

Playroom

Sleep Room

Common Room

House of Children and Youth GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

DESIGN PROJECT

Hotel rooms

GSEducationalVersion

Hotel rooms

GSEducationalVersion

Rental Apartments

GSEducationalVersion

Hotel and Housing

Existing structure Intervention

187

Axonometric view of the new centre 188

Design Summary

DESIGN PROJECT 189

Market Hall

East Elevation 190

GSEducationalVersion

Design Summary

+66,25

+63,45

+58,65

+55,05

+51,45

+47,85

+44,25

DESIGN PROJECT

+40,65

+37,05

+33,45 +32,00

+29,85

+26,70

+26,25 +24,90

+22,85

+22,65

+19,20

+19,05 +18,50

+16,50 +16,00 +15,45 +14,60 +12,85 +11,85

+11,50

+11,30

+8,25 +7,70 +6,15 +4,65 +4,10

+1,05 +0,50

+0,50

±0,00 = +138,80

Šancová Street

±0,00 = +138,80

Innovation Lab

House of Revolution

Hotel and Housing

House of Technics

Škultétyho Street

10m

191

+66,25

+63,45

+58,65

+55,05

+51,45

+47,85

+44,25

+40,65

+37,05

+33,45

+29,85

+26,25

+22,65

+19,05

+15,45

+12,85 +11,85

+8,25

+4,65

+1,05

Škultétyho Street

West Elevation 192

GSEducationalVersion

House of Children and Youth

Design Summary

DESIGN PROJECT

+32,00

+26,20 +24,90

+22,85

+19,20 +18,50

+16,50 +16,00

+11,50

+11,30

+7,70 +6,15

+4,10

+0,50 ±0,00 = +138,80

House of Revolution

Innovation Lab

Šancová Street

Market Hall

10m

193

House of Children and Youth

South Elevation 194

GSEducationalVersion

Innovation Lab

Design Summary

+66,25

+63,45

DESIGN PROJECT

+32,00

+26,20 +24,40 +22,85

+19,20 +18,00

+16,00

+16,00 +14,10

+11,50

+9,20

+7,20 +6,15

+3,60

+1,05 ±0,00 = +138,80

±0,00 = +138,80

House of Revolution

Hotel and Housing

10m

195

Market Hall

North Elevation 196

GSEducationalVersion

Design Summary

DESIGN PROJECT

+32,00

+26,20

+22,85

+19,20

+16,00

+11,50

+6,15

±0,00 = +138,80

Innovation Lab

Kukučínova Street

Filialka

10m

197

198

Conclusion

This thesis aims to demonstrate a revitalization of the abandoned Palace of Culture and turn it into an inhabited monument adapted to the current needs of a city it is located in. Furthermore, it intends to point out that even in nondemocratic conditions it was possible to create exceptional architecture and overcome ideological limitations. The thesis establishes a revival of this topic by focusing on its importance and meaning in today’s cultural settings. For the older generation the complex serves as a reminder of events taking place during the former regime, for the current generation it becomes a place to celebrate the new era. The project approach is influenced by the location of the Palace of Culture, its historical background, strong local presence, scale and former function. It was important to work the new program into the existing structures while maintaining certain balance. The design proposal deals with the building ensemble and displays the spatial relations and synergy between the new and the old. The aim was to open it not only for the tenants but the locals and people visiting the city as well. Another goal was to activate a public space, incorporate it into an urban area of the city and make it an active part of urban life. The designed interventions will fulfil the potential of the area and create a functional and accessible city space. Above all, the vision of the area and buildings left to decay is to renew their role as a part of the city’s identity.

199

200

IV. APPENDIX

201

Andrášiová, Katarína: Konček, Skoček, Titl, SAS, Bratislava, 2016 Andrášiová, Katarína; Bartošová, Nina: Konček, Skoček, Titl, Katalóg výstavy, STU, Bratislava, 2013 Herman Hertzberger, Space and the Architect, Lessons in Architecture 2, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, 2000 Hurnaus, Hertha; Konrad, Benjamin; Novotny, Maik: Eastmodern - Architecture and Design of the 1960s and 1970s in Slovakia, Springer, Wien, 2007 Dulla, Matúš: Slovenská architektúra od Jurkoviča po dnešok, Perfekt, Bratislava, 2007 Dulla, Matúš; Moravčíková, Henrieta: Architektúra Slovensku v 20. storočí, Slovart, Bratislava, 2002 Mitášová, Monika; Ševčík, Jiří: Česká a Slovenská Architektura 1971 - 2011, VVP AVU, Praha, 2013 Moravčíková, Henrieta: Architektúra na Slovensku - Stručné dejiny, Slovart, Bratislava, 2005 Moravčíková, Henrieta; Dlháňová, Viera: Divadelná Architektúra na Slovensku, Divadelný ústav, Bratislava, 2011 Moravčíková, Henrieta; Szalay, Peter; Dulla, Matúš; Topolčanská, Mária; Potočár, Marián; Haberlandová, Katarína: Modern and/or Totalitarian in the Architecture of the 20th Century in Slovakia, (Re)Thinking Architecture, Slovart, Bratislava, 2013 Moravčíková, Henrieta: Monumentality in Slovak architecture of the 1960s and 1970s, authoritarian, national, great and abstract, The Journal of Architecture, 2009 Perrault, Dominique; Michálek, Slavomír; Dulla, Matúš: Bratislava Metropolis, SAS, Bratislava, 2013 Projekt 3,4/2017: Transformácie (Ikonické Ruiny), Slovak Architectural Revue, SAS, Bratislava, 2017 Projekt 7/1981: Spoločensko-výchovný areál v Bratislave dobudovaný novootvoreným Domom ROH, Slovak Architectural Revue, SAS, Bratislava, 1981, p. 4-23 Sol LeWitt, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1978 Vallo, Matúš; Sadovský, Oliver: Urban Interventions, Slovart, Bratislava, 2011 Interview with Henrieta Moravčíková, .týždeň, online under: https://www.tyzden.sk/casopis/6472/prisiel-cas-na-reflexiu/ Strategic Planning Documentation, online under: https://www.bratislava.sk/sk/uzemny-plan-hlavneho-mesta-sr-bratislavyzmeny-a-doplnky-02

202

List of References

APPENDIX 203

1 Ikony, online under: http://filmaari.com/ikony_square_vs_circle 2 Brutalismus, online under: http://modernbrutalismus.tumblr.com/post/145746557949/kyjev-hotel-bratislava-slovakia-arch-ivan 3 Miesta Mesta, online under: http://www.miestamesta.sk/Incheba-Moderna 4 Olja Triaška Stefanovič photography, online under: http://oljatriaskastefanovic.blogspot.co.at/?view=snapshot 5 ASB, online under: https://www.asb.sk/architektura/architekti/ivan-matusik-aj-male-narody-mozno-identifikovat-podla-ich-architektonickej-kultury 6 Olja Triaška Stefanovič photography, online under: http://oljatriaskastefanovic.blogspot.co.at/?view=snapshot 7 Photoplus, online under: http://photoplus.sk/portfolio-items/most-snp/ 8+9 Olja Triaška Stefanovič photography, online under: http://oljatriaskastefanovic.blogspot.co.at/?view=snapshot 10 Wikimedia, online under: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bratislava_Kukucinova_ubytovna_Druzba.jpg 11 Photoplus, online under: http://photoplus.sk/portfolio-items/archiv/ 12+13 BA.foxy, online under: http://www.ba.foxy.sk/displayimage.php?album=search&cat=0&pid=2587#top_display_media 14 BA.foxy, online under: http://www.ba.foxy.sk/displayimage.php?album=search&cat=0&pid=1111#top_display_media 15 Anarchy Archi, online under: https://anarchy-archi.webnode.sk/unitas/ 16 BA.foxy, online under: http://www.ba.foxy.sk/displayimage.php?album=search&cat=0&pid=1087#top_display_media 17 BA.foxy, online under: http://www.ba.foxy.sk/displayimage.php?album=search&cat=0&pid=2291#top_display_media 18 Dennik N, online under: https://dennikn.sk/572028/ako-vznikal-podchod-na-trnavskom-myte-na-historickych-fotkach/?ref=in 19 Podchod Trnavske Myto, online under: http://www.trnavskemyto.sk 20 ASB, online under: https://www.asb.sk/architektura/central 21 Archinfo, online under: https://www.archinfo.sk/diela/bytovy-dom/rezidencia-pri-myte-bratislava.html 22 Urban Residence, online under: https://www.urbanresidence.sk/galeria 23+24 ÚSTARCH SAV, Archive Rajmund Müller 25 Archinfo, online under: https://www.archinfo.sk/kniznica/koncek-skocek-titl.html

204

List of Figures

26+27+28 Projekt 3,4/2017, Transformácie (Ikonické Ruiny), Slovak Architectural Revue, SAS, Bratislava, 2017, p. 35 29+30+31 ÚSTARCH SAV, Archive Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, Ľubomír Titl 32 BA.foxy, online under: http://www.ba.foxy.sk/displayimage.php?album=search&cat=0&pid=2588#top_display_media 33+34 Stará Bratislava, online under: http://lacohephotos.tumblr.com 35 ÚSTARCH SAV, Archive Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, Ľubomír Titl 36 Archive TASR, online under: https://www.vtedy.sk/galeria/dom-revolucneho-odboroveho-hnutia-roh-istropolis-bratislava/5?currentPhoto=5 37 ÚSTARCH SAV, Archive Rajmund Müller 38 Archive TASR, online under: https://www.vtedy.sk/galeria/1980?currentPhoto=20 39+40+41+42 ÚSTARCH SAV, Archive Ferdinand Konček, Iľja Skoček, Ľubomír Titl 43+44 ÚSTARCH SAV, Archive Rajmund Müller 45 Photoplus, online under: http://photoplus.sk/portfolio-items/dom-odborov/

48 Aliens and Herons, online under: http://www.vetrelciavolavky.cz/en/sochy/vitraz-0

APPENDIX

46+47 Hertha Hurnaus photography, online under: http://www.eastmodern.com/ha01.html

49+50+51 Photoplus, online under: http://photoplus.sk/portfolio-items/dom-odborov/ 52 Brutalismus, online under: https://modernbrutalismus.tumblr.com/archive 53 Brutalismus, online under: https://modernbrutalismus.tumblr.com/post/159490302984/dom-odborov-trade-union-house-bratislava 54 ÚSTARCH SAV, Archive Rajmund Müller 55+56+57 Immocap Group, a.s. 58 TREND, online under: https://www.etrend.sk/gallery/article/filialka-a-novy-istropolis-trnavske-myto-cakaju-velke-zmeny. html?photo=22 59 Archinfo, online under: https://www.archinfo.sk/diela/bytovy-dom/rezidencia-pri-myte-bratislava.html 60 Expedia, online under: https://www.expedia.co.uk/Bratislava-Hotels-Lindner-Hotel-Gallery-Central.h6019850.Hotel-Information 61 Čierne Diery, online under: http://ciernediery.sk/pivovar-stein-v-bratislave/

205

62 Bratislava Nové Mesto, online under: https://www.banm.sk/konska-zeleznica-krizna-33/ 63 Brutalismus, online under: https://modernbrutalismus.tumblr.com/archive 64 Čierne Diery, online under: http://ciernediery.sk/ludwigov-mlyn-v-bratislave/ 65 Ikony, online under: http://ikony.archtung.sk/#/ 66 Wikimedia, online under: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwigov_palác_2.jpg 67 Miesta Mesta, online under: https://www.miestamesta.sk/Kukurica-Moderna 68 Slovak Culture Profile, online under: http://profil.kultury.sk/sk/moderna-architektura/5-b-unitas-ba/ 69 ASB, online under: https://www.asb.sk/aktualne/rozhovory/ivan-matusik-aj-male-narody-mozno-identifikovat-podla-ich-architektonickej-kultury/attachment/476-5b3681806dac0 70 Prague official website, online under: https://www.prague.eu/en/object/places/26/prague-congress-centre-kongresove-centrum-praha-a-s 71+72 Archinfo, online under: https://www.archinfo.sk/sutaze/nove-kongresove-centrum-praha-vysledky-sutaze.html 73+74+75 MVRDV, online under: https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/312/tirana-pyramid 76 Peter Kuzmin photography, online under: https://www.gjf.cz/press/vladimir-dedecek-praca/ 77 Archinfo, online under: https://www.archinfo.sk/diskusia/slovenska-narodna-galeria-co-sa-urobilo-a-co-sa-chysta.html#!&gid=53028&pid=4 78 Archinfo, online under: https://www.archinfo.sk/diskusia/slovenska-narodna-galeria-co-sa-urobilo-a-co-sa-chysta.html#!&gid=53028&pid=4 79+80+81 Herman Hertzberger, online under: https://www.ahh.nl/index.php/en/projects2/12-utiliteitsbouw/85-centraal-beheer-offices-apeldoorn 82 Herman Hertzberger, Space and the Architect, Lessons in Architecture 2, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, 2000, p. 91 83 Herman Hertzberger, online under: https://www.ahh.nl/index.php/en/projects2/12-utiliteitsbouw/85-centraal-beheer-offices-apeldoorn 84+85+86 Sol LeWitt, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1978, p. 64 87+88 Sol LeWitt, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1978, p. 73-78 89+90+91 Sol LeWitt, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1978, p. 66-70

Online sources retrieved May 29, 2019 206

List of Figures

APPENDIX

Unlisted images or diagrams were made by the author. 207

208

Acknowledgment

APPENDIX

I owe a special debt of inspiration to Tina Gregoric Dekleva. Thank you for your support and patience throughout this journey. I am very grateful to Katharina Urbanek for having a deep look into my work. Special thanks to Ondrej, for his endless motivation. Simona, who accidentally gave me a topic for this thesis. My brother, who have contributed to this book through his critical interventions in the text. Above all, I am deeply thankful to my family and all my friends for always believing in me.

209

Technische Universität Wien Barbora Tothova