Stage 2 Portfolio

Po rt fo l i o Species & Spaces

20 2 0 /2 0 2 1

Gabriel Cheuk Sum Au-Yeung 180564851 Study Group F4 1

Content Introduction

P.3

Framing: Making Habitat Habitat & Settlement Working with Place Co-existence

P.4 P.6 P.11 P.16

Testing: Making Space

P.19

Synthesis: Materials and Moments

P.36

2

Legend

Untitled Map Write a description for your map.

Introduction Humans had been living together with animals together since ancient times, yet such practice disappeared during the industrial revolution with average quality of life increased. This changes lost the symbiotic relationship and think of living with animals (apart from pets) is some how absurd in modern society. This Project,’ Species and Spaces’, explore the possibility of co-existence between humans and non-Human species as well as responding to the climate crises.

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N © 2021 Google

On the North Shields quayside near the Tynemouth estuary, a place called Fish Quay is chosen as the site of this project. As a place with a strong relationship with aquatic nature, White Craw Crayfish, an native crayfish species to the UK, is chosen as the non-human user of this design with its aim of helping to grow the wild life numbers in North Shields.

As part of the studio theme, the design would explore the possibility of using materials and construction strategies to inhabit both humans and non-human users.

30 m

© 2021 Google

Introduction 3

Framing: Making Habitat

The waving paper strips create dark void which allows crayfish to hide. Black Strips represent the rocky habitat of crayfish while green strips represent the vegetation of the habitat providing foods to it. I imagine such environment is also suitable for human habitation

Framing: Making Habitat 4

The artwork technique and ideas were stem from earlier works of mine to explore curve and wavy patterns. As the site is located near waters I decided to use the same method but consider the living condition of crayfish and possibly human. During a tutorial, a guest artist suggested a work called ‘Hawthom Hive’ by Sirkka-Liisa Konttinen. It also have the wave structure but the sealed skin does not represent well of the small gaps which crayfish inhabits.

Earlier works by Author

Hawthorn Hive Sirkka-Liisa Konttinen

Framing: Making Habitat

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Framing - Habitat & Settlement History Originally established as a fishing port in the medieval times, it become a trading hub for fish and salt. During the late 19th century marine related industries like productions of marine engine, chain cable and anchor as well as shipbuilding. Fishing yet remain as the dominant industry. The shipbuilding industry lasted until 1990s, the town become the suburb of Newcastle and Tynemouth.

Framing - Habitat & Settlement 6

Before 1860s (Costal Houses)

1860s

Settlement Early settlement of North Shields were located on the quayside of River Tyne, which is recorded in the 1860s map where coastal houses are much crowded and organic in layout comparing to the more grid patterned street inland. As the town developed during the 19th century, the settlements move towards the west with more railway connections. It also noticeable of the urban spurt during the post-war period till this days.

1890s

1950s

1920s

Current Condition Framing - Habitat & Settlement 7

Biodiversity and wildlife North Shields has a very diverse wildlife despite its industrial past. The land animals like frogs, squirrels and newts can be found, sometimes even foxes. Seagulls are the dominant bird species, with pigeons and even bats also lives in North Shields. Located in an estuary area, aquatic animals are relatively diverse, examples like crayfish, mussels, salmons and trout are being found.

Otto, Mink and Vole make their living by eating aquatic animals. Dolphin sometimes can be found here during salmon season.

Framing - Habitat & Settlement 8

Mink

Otto

Vole

Salmon

Trout

Dolphin

Ecology It has a clear relationships between species in the marine wildlife of North Shields, Mussels and Crayfish is the lowest part of the food chain, eating vegetations and animal’s remain. The next part of the chain is Salmon and Trout which would consume Crayfish and Mussels which would be eaten by Mink, Otto, Vole and Dolphin, the highest part of the food chain. The reason why crayfish was chosen is because of its low position in the food chain, increase its number would have a bigger impact to the greater wild life.

Fresh Water Mussel

Crayfish Framing - Habitat & Settlement 9

Ca

2+

Habitation

Calcium for Growth

<1m

Water Depth

As the project is focus on crayfish, the habitation part of the research period is focused on crayfish itself. There are 4 requirements for crayfish, high Calcium concentration in water, soft grounding, less than a metre of water depth and places to hide. Water Depth is self explanatory. Crayfish shells are made out of mostly calcium so higher concentration of calcium is good for the growth for crayfish. Soft landing is needed in order for them to practice their burrowing nature. Places to hide are mostly gaps between stones and logs where predictors are hide to find them.

Soft Grounding

Places to Hide

Habitat Requirement for Crayfish Framing - Habitat & Settlement 10

Framing - Working with place Site plan 1:1250@A3 The Site is located in Fiddle’s Green, North Shields, including the fish Quay, Lloyd’s Hailing Station as well as the sands surrounding it. Closed to the site is the Fisherman’s memorial, Clifford’s Fort and the New Low Light (Lighthouse). The site has an unobstructed view to Tynemouth and South Shields. The Hailing Station was used to gather shipping informations and sent to Lloyd’s Headquarter in London. Now it was abandoned with the wooden wharf still intact.

Site plan 1:1250

Framing - Working with place

11

Fiddler's Green Fishermen's Memorial

Hailing Station

Clifford's Fort

Fish Quay Low Lighthouse

South Shields

Major structure or view near the site

Framing - Working with place

12

Site Axonometric view

Framing - Working with place

13

East Site Elevation 1:200 @A2 (Scale to fit the board)

Framing - Working with place

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50m Site Section 1:750 @A3

Framing - Working with place

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Framing - Co-existence Visual Brief With 750msq minimum in overall area, the building provides: spaces for inhabitation for non-human users, public space for gathering, space for production or dissemination and a space for learning.

The Visual Brief listed all the function of the building, space for gathering is an outdoor area built on top of the Hailing Station for the best view looking at South Shields and Tynemouth. Art Gallery become the space for production or dissemination, while space for learning as an art workshop. So this building is an Art Centre with cantering function.

For the non-human species inhabitation, it is placed under the walkway towards the outdoor dinning area utilising the existing Hailing Station that provides extra shadow for crayfish to hide.

Framing - Co-existence 16

Trout

Salmon

Human

Food Waste The Co-exist relationship in the design between Humans and Crayfish is not direct. This diagram of food chain shows the full relationship.

Human consumes salmon and Trout which are fed by Crayfish, which is fed by the food waste produced by Human. The marked area is where the building taking part in the chain. By increasing the number of crayfish, fish would have more food and so reproduce more, which benefit the fisherman and the catered.

Crayfish

Framing - Co-existence 17

Curved Roof

Outdoor cafe

Art Gallery

Non-Human Spieces Inhabitation

First Visual Brief Showing the main component of the building

Framing - Co-existence 18

Testing: Making Space Design Development At the beginning of the testing period, I tried to translate the Making Habitat Artwork in to the design by adding similar roof structure onto the design while considering the site boundary and limitation, like the beach which I wanted to preserve. But the parametric shape of the Artwork is too challenging for me at that moment without having suitable software. The roof was therefore retrofitted and explored multiple times as it become the main structural icon of the building.

Testing: Making Space Design Development

19

The roof as a translation from the artwork which tried to recreate the habitat of Crayfish. As Crayfish lives in gaps between rocks and logs, it become the architectural language of the design.

Although the curvy, parametric shape of the artwork is straighten in the actual design, the void which created by it is kept and therefore translated as skylight. As an marine creature living on river or seabed, I wondered the light effect created by the waves and ripple shown on the ground whether would affect the crayfish emotions or actions?

I am I would not find the answer but it is obvious to human. So I tried to adapt to my design to enhance the user’s experience through light sensation.

Testing: Making Space Design Development

20

Precedent Study

Menil Collection, Houston, Texas, by Renzo Piano During Stage 1, this is one of my essay’s precedent. Although focusing on its critical regionalism idea, such roof structure and the effect of it still amazed me and when it comes to light effect of skylight this is the one I would study on.

Testing: Making Space Design Development

21

Despite Piano’s excellent work on Menil, the building is situated in a much hotter climate comparing to the site. Menil only has a glass roof on top of all the concrete curves and when applied to the UK climate, insulation is definitely not enough. So I did some exploration in structural details of the roof by adding insulation. Further changes would be shown in the ‘Synthesis’ part. Original shape of the roof is C-shaped to S-shaped to lower the light intensity by allowing the light to reflect more, same to Menil L-Shaped roof. Roof shape is also uniformed to allow better fitting.

Testing: Making Space Design Development

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Model exploration of roof lightings

Testing: Making Space Design Development

23

Space for Inhabitation & Gathering (The Pier) With the site boundary stretching all the way to the end of the Hailing Station, the site has a rare access to the middle of the river, which is the perfect place for inhabitation Crayfish, plus the brilliant view to South Shields and Tynemouth unobstructed. These sketches shows the design for the pier evolving overtime.

The first design was a concrete foundation excavated on the side, filled with logs and twigs for Crayfish, which later turns into a pile structure to preserve the Hailing Station. The Hailing Station was also barricade with manmade habitat for marine life. The Habitat was covered by the walkway to a platform where people would dine and both has a laminated timber flooring with a small gaps allow slight vision to the habitat.

The roof for this part at that time is more organic and less uniformed which later turns to the S-shape roof same as the main building.

Testing: Making Space Design Development

24

Area A: The Main Building for Art Gallery, Art Workshop Parallel to axis A

Area B: Bridge to river platform (gathering space), width of 3m (not to scale) Parallel to axis B

Axis A Running along the edge of approaching pavement

Outlining major site feature as guidelines

Axis B

Axis A

Running along the edge of Hailing station structure

Running along the edge of approaching pavement

Axis B Running along the edge of Hailing station structure

Marking out major space areas

Process of Spatial Arrangement and Massing Outline

Testing: Making Space Design Development

25

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View

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Area A: The Main Building for Art Gallery, Art Workshop Parallel to axis A

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B

Area B: Bridge to river platform (gather ing space), width of 3m (not to scale) Parallel to axis B

Based on the circulation path, outlining the wall of the approaching side

Completing the Outline by connecting all the wall

w

to

Be

ac

h

Identifying the view direction of the building for Glazing

Process of Spatial Arrangement and Massing Outline

Testing: Making Space Design Development

26

Final Massing and Programme Arrangement Based on the diagram, I finalised the outline considering the scale of the building and site data. Then I start arranging spaces for the building. Art Workshop was placed on the side of the approaching way so people can tell the building is an Art Centre, other utilities for the building was placed at the back of the Art workshop. After passing the foyer, greeted by the reception, users can go along the curtain wall to the outdoor gathering area, go up through the stairs to the art gallery, or turn left to the Art Workshop or the bar underneath the staircase. The Bar was added as the additional space for the catering facility of the building in case of bad weather which the outdoor space is closed.

WC

WC

Kitchen

Tables and Chairs

Storage

Art Workshop

Office

Reception for outdoor cafe

Entance to outdoor cafe

Bar

Reception Main Entrance

Testing: Making Space Design Development

27

Art Gallery

Art Gallery

Art Gallery

Art Art Gallery Gallery

Art Art Gallery Gallery

Art Gallery

Art Gallery

Circulation to 1st floor, Art Gallery The circulation to the Art Gallery has been reiterated 3 times and the straight staircase with a gradual turn of the wall angle. The others are the curve landing design and the other is straight stairs with a shaper angle turn. The facing angle of the stairs is parallel to the wall next to it but also has a stronger suggestion to the arrived users of the upper floor space.

Testing: Making Space Design Development

28

Testing: Making Space Final Design Proposal

Ground Floor plan 1:200 @A3 (scaled to 1:400)

Testing: Making Space 29 Final Design Proposal

1st Floor plan 1:200 @A3 Testing: Making Space 30 Final Design Proposal

0m

5m

Section AA 1:100 @A3

A

A

Testing: Making Space 31 Final Design Proposal

0m

5m

Section BB 1:100 @A3 B

B

Testing: Making Space 32 Final Design Proposal

0m

5m

Section CC 1:100 @A3

C

C

Testing: Making Space 33 Final Design Proposal

East Elevation 1:200 @A3

Testing: Making Space 34 Final Design Proposal

0m

5m

Section DD 1:100 @A3

D

D

Testing: Making Space 35 Final Design Proposal

VS Materials & Moments Material Strategies

The studio theme is to explore the possibility of using materials and construction strategies to inhabit both humans and non-human users, and should be manifest itself on the facade. However the challenge is that Crayfish lives in a flat terrain and facade is straight, so I decided to use same material of Crayfish habitat on the facade.

Upon research, it was found that crayfish loves to live in small steams near Hadrian Wall because of its material, Limestone, which through out the years of weathering, it release Calcium to the steams, benefiting the growth of Crayfish. However, the sourcing of limestone is very carbon intensive therefore an alternative is needed.

Further research found that oyster shells was used as wall cladding in Southern China and its chemical component is also very similar to limestone. There were also study that shows the possibility for using in concrete, also as an less carbon intensive alternatives to the Limestone use. So I chose oyster shell as my material. It would be used as Gabion form in the crayfish habitation to retain the elevated soft ground plus releasing Calcium.

The diagram on the right shows the process of how it would be turned into construction material.

Oyster shell (91.18% CaCO3)[1]

Crayfish

Limestone (CaCO3) Calcium

High Calcium Concentration Reusing Waste Marine Theme low cost for raw material

“In other smaller tributaries which flow from the limestone surrounding Hadrian’s Wall, white-clawed crayfish still live.”

- ChronicleLive

Supply Chain[2]:

-ve: High Carbon Footprint

Habitat for Non-human users

Collect

Facade (Studio Theme)

Gabion Fill

Transport

Wall & Foundation

Wall Cladding

Concrete

Cleaning Cement Clinker

Calcination 1.Eun-Ik Yang and others, ’Effect of oyster shell substituted for fine aggregate on concrete characteristics: Part I. Fundamental properties’, Cement and Concrete Research,Volume 35, Issue 11, (2005),Pages 2175-2182 <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000888460500147X> 2. Thamyres H. Silva and others, ‘The Potential Use Of Oyster Shell Waste In New Value-Added By-Product", Resources, 8.1 (2019), 13 <https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/8/1/13>.

Aggregate

Grinding

Materials & Moments 36 Material Strategies

1750.0000

Detail of the roof on top of Foyer in 1:20 @A3 This is the detail of the roof during testing phrase. The structure was supported by beams inside and was sandwiched by two concrete shell, insulation inside. The idea was to minimize the use of concrete yet keeping the concrete outlook. However this structure is told impossible.

50.0000

335.0000

207.0000

333.0000

333.0000

207.0000

335.0000

50.0000 67.7861 79.8577

352.5000 204.8562 705.0000 204.8562 352.5000

1m

79.8577 67.7861

Materials & Moments 37 Material Strategies

Sloped roof in The Weston, Entrance of the Yorkshire Sculpture park,

by Feilden Fowles

The roof in The Weston is relatively similar to my roof structure and its situated in the UK, meaning it is a good precedent when it comes to insulation.

Materials & Moments 38 Material Strategies

Design Process of roof structure after retrofitting Thickened the concrete base and adding steel cladding to help reflecting more light.

Wave

In situ concrete

Curve

Expand

Insulation

Adding Details

Steel Cladding

Axonometric view detail of curtain wall

Materials & Moments 39 Material Strategies

Stud

Steel Cliping

Steel Cladding

Insulation

Window

Concrete Structural Base

Electric Cable

0mm

500

1000

Roof Detail 1:20 @A3

Materials & Moments 40 Material Strategies

Insulation

Steel Stud

Concrete* Structural Wall Plastar Board Breather Membrane Black Steel Bracing

Plastar Board clip

Wall tie Wood stud Motar*

Wood Flooring

Oyster Shell Rainscreen Black Steel Shell Marine Conrete* Stem Wall Foundation Ground

Ground Wall Junction Detail 1:5 @A3

Concrete Floor Slab

Insulation

500mm

Materials & Moments 41 Material Strategies

1. Storage 2. Art Workshop (Space for Learning) 3. Female Washroom 4. Male Washroom 5. Kitchen 6. Office 7. Reception 8. Bar 9. Non-Human Users Inhabitation (under) 10. Event Space/ Cafe (Space for Gathering)

10

9 3

1

2

4

2

5

6

8

7

Ground Floor Plan 1:200@A3 Materials & Moments 42 Material Strategies

1. Art Gallery (Space for Production & dissemination) 2. Art Gallery Entrace

of

Ro

2

ort

1

pp

1

Su

1

Roof Support

The Space marked as the Art Gallery Entrace is a space used for giving introduction of the exhibition, selling souvourire and gathering.

1st Floor Plan 1:200@A3 Materials & Moments 43 Material Strategies

Section through Stairs 1:200 @1130x200mm (scale to fit board)

Materials & Moments 44 Material Strategies

Perspective Section of non-Human Species inhabitation Materials & Moments 45 Material Strategies

The Making of Crayfish Habitation In order to satisfy the habitation requirement of Crayfish, the site needed a bit of landscaping to avoid the elevated ground, added up by sea sand, from washing away. The Gabion would release calcium to waters which better the growth for crayfish. Extra shadowing is added

by Human habitation structure, i.e. the gather space for catering.

Current Condition

Gabion Landscaping

Adding sand in between

Human Habitation

Materials & Moments 46 Material Strategies

Steel Grating

Concrete (special mix)

Laminated timber floor

Steel

Manifesting Co-existence As shown in the diagram in page 17, Human users and non-human users has a non-direct beneficial relationship. Therefore, when presented in the design, both users can’t interfere much on each other but only a visual links done by the holes of steel grating.

Oyster Shells

Materials & Moments 47 Material Strategies

Approaching View

Materials & Moments 48 Material Strategies

Perspective Section of Entace and Art Gallery Foyer

Materials & Moments 49 Material Strategies

Interior view of Art Gallery

Materials & Moments 50 Material Strategies