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President: Richard Anderson (FSAWWA) Peace River Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority
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Membership Questions
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2025 Florida Water Resources Conference Recap
Meetings
FSAWWA Contractors Council Session 30 FWPCOA Operators Showcase—John O’Brien, Pranjali Kumar, Marya Redmond, and Mark Donovan
34 Women of Water Forum—Megan Nelson and Brittany Bassett
News and Features
4 Tests Show PFAS in Majority of U.S. Water
Technology Spotlight: Enhancing Value Through Technology and Innovation—PCL Construction
Florida Celebrates Grand Opening of C-43 Reservoir, Major Milestone in Everglades Restoration
Celebrate National Backflow Prevention Day
Technical Articles
8 Water Quality, Ecosystems, and Climate Change Research—U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
66 Accelerated Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Piloting: Comparing Methods to Maximize Results in Limited Time—Henry C. Croll, Michael Adelman, Amir Alansari, Ryan Capelle, Joan Oppenheimer, Joseph G. Jacangelo, Steven Chow, and Kellogg Schwab
Education and Training
Fall Conference Poker Night and Happy Hour 62 FSAWWA Fall Conference Swing and Sip at Topgolf
FSAWWA Water Distribution System Awards
FSAWWA Public Advocate and Industry Advocate of the Year Awards
FSAWWA Water Conservation Awards for Excellence
FWPCOA Training Calendar
FWEA President: Passing of the Gavel
Columns
6 Speaking Out—Lisa Wilson-Davis
FWEA Focus—Joan Fernandez 70 C Factor—Kevin G. Shropshire 72 Test Yourself—Charles Lee Martin Jr.
Display Advertiser Index
Tests Show PFAS in Majority of US Water
A new report released by Waterkeeper Alliance, in partnership with local water groups and the Hispanic Access Foundation, reveals that toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have contaminated 98 percent of waters in the United States, with elevated levels found at 95 percent of sampled sites downstream from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and 80 percent downstream from biosolids land application sites.
New Detection Product Utilitized
Building on the 2022 Phase I report, which revealed PFAS contamination in 83 percent of tested U.S. rivers, lakes, and streams, this second of a multiphase monitoring initiative focused on sites downstream from WWTPs and permitted biosolids application fields, particularly in disproportionately impacted communities across 19 states. A new product, PFASsive™, a comprehensive equilibrium passive sampler to measure freely dissolved PFAS in pore water (sediment and soil), surface water, and stormwater, was deployed upstream and downstream of 22 WWTPs and 10 biosolids application fields, capturing PFAS levels over at least 20 days—providing more-accurate insight than traditional “grab” sampling.
“There is no denying that PFAS contamination is a national crisis. Our latest sampling confirms that it’s widespread and persistent, threatening waterways and public health across the U.S.,” said Marc Yaggi, chief executive officer of Waterkeeper Alliance. “Local water groups and other partners bring deep local knowledge and dedication to this ongoing effort, helping to fill critical data gaps, driving policy, and determining solutions.”
“Contamination from PFAS is in water, soil, and air, and evidence suggests that it is linked to several diseases and health risks,” noted Vanessa Muñoz, waterways program manager at the Hispanic Access Foundation. “What is often overlooked is who is being exposed to it and why. Unfortunately, Latinos and other communities of color are disproportionately bearing the burden of this contamination.”
Key Findings
Key information from the report includes: Contamination
Around 95 percent of downstream WWTP sampling sites and 80 percent of downstream biosolids sampling sites had higher concentrations of multiple types of PFAS compared to the upstream sampling site.
Most Detected PFAS
In WWTPs, the most detected PFAS were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).
In biosolids, the most detected PFAS were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), PFBS, PFPeA, PFHxA, and PFHpA.
Unregulated chemicals like PFPeA and PFHxA often contributed to PFAS increases downstream.
Health Risks
Total PFAS exceeded the Environmental Working Group’s 1 parts per trillion (ppt) human health-based criteria at all WWTP
and 90 percent of biosolids sites and surpassed federal drinking water thresholds for PFOA and PFOS at multiple sites, with some exceeding 10 ppt.
Downstream Spikes
In WWTPs, the total PFAS increased downstream from 17 sites, with one site spiking nearly 3,000 percent to 228.29 ppt.
In biosolids, the total PFAS increased downstream from six sites, with one site spiking more than 5,100 percent to 106.51 ppt.
Recommendations
Waterkeeper Alliance urges the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and lawmakers at all levels to:
S Establish and enforce federal standards for PFAS in drinking water and surface water discharges under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean Water Act.
S Prohibit the land application of PFAScontaminated biosolids.
S Implement class-based regulation of PFAS, instead of individual compounds, to help address the health risks posed by exposure to multiple PFAS chemicals, prevent harmful substitutions, and streamline monitoring, treatment, and enforcement efforts.
S Prioritize funding for PFAS monitoring and the deployment of treatment technologies to protect all communities, especially those disproportionately impacted by “forever chemicals” and other forms of pollution.
“Currently, there is little accountability for PFAS entering our environment and water through poorly regulated pathways,” stated Yaggi. “American communities are exposed daily, often unknowingly, and many face serious, disproportionate health risks. The tools to address this crisis exist, but we cannot afford more watered-down regulations and loopholes for industrial source polluters. The science is clear: EPA and lawmakers must act decisively, and with urgency, in the public’s interest.”
The full report from Waterkeeper Alliance can be found at www.waterkeeper.org. S
“O” Is for Opportunity: Owning the O’s in Our Water World
OLisa Wilson-Davis Chair, FSAWWA
h my, are we already at the letter “O” on our journey through the vowels in the alphabet of water? Whether you’re an operator, engineer, chemist, or communicator, the letter “O” overflows with optimism, ownership, and opportunity. So, I am going to oxygenate this article with a fresh look at the many “O” words that define, inspire, and occasionally overwhelm us in the water and wastewater industry.
Behind every successful system is an operator—an often unsung professional whose occupation demands technical skill, situational awareness, and nerves of steel. Whether facing unexpected outages, equipment failures, or customer complaints, these outstanding individuals keep our communities safe and supplied, even when others would be overwhelmed.
We know that efficient operation depends on optimization—of processes, personnel, and performance. From oxidation-reduction potential control to chemical dosing strategies for orthophosphate and oxidation, optimization is a never-ending task and an ongoing objective. And yes, “objective” is
another “O” that keeps us focused when the obstacles feel outsized.
Oxygen and Ozone
Every “O” discussion must include a nod to oxygen, that essential element for both biological treatment and human life. Whether we’re talking about oxygenate demand in wastewater or using ozone in advanced oxidation processes, this element bubbles through and plays a big role in the work we do.
From Osmosis to Ownership
Osmosis reminds us of the invisible yet powerful forces that drive water quality and has become a staple in many treatment schemes—just as ownership reminds us of the responsibility we hold. Each time we step into the field or into a meeting, we’re making choices that impact public health, environmental sustainability, and organizational resilience and these two “O” words guide us in our choices.
Obstacles and Optimism
Let’s be real—our work comes with obstacles, such as regulatory changes, staffing shortages, budget constraints, and yet we persist. Why? Because we are optimistic and because we opine when it matters (and possibly sometimes more than we should).
Because we know many good options exist, we work together to explore the most efficient and effective solutions as leaders in our industry.
Open, Organized, and Outreach-Minded
The best water organizations stay open to change, organized in practice, and committed to outreach. Whether you’re running a public tour, hosting a workshop, or launching an apprentice program, our industry thrives when we build connections beyond our fences.
The letter “O” represents more than just words—it embodies a mindset; one rooted in optimism, grounded in ownership, and driven by original thinking. In our industry, when the challenges are complex and the stakes are high, these values are more than just ideals— they are essential. Yes, some days may feel overwhelming, but in those moments, we rise—with open minds, organized teams, and unwavering resolve. We transform obstacles into opportunities, and setbacks into success stories.
Here’s to all the “O” words—and most importantly, to the individuals who bring them to life. To the operators who are always learning, the outreach leaders who connect our mission to the public, the optimists who believe in a better tomorrow, and the entire community of water professionals who continue to advance our field with grit, grace, and good humor. All of you are the oxygen in this water community, the energy that keeps it all moving.
So, let’s be our own champions and shout from on high: “Observe our operations, own our outcomes, and overflow with optimism— our water work is outstanding because we’re the OGs of optimization overflowing with opportunity and out-of-this-world utility oomph!”
And let’s keep owning it—together. S
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Water Quality, Ecosystems, and Climate Change Research
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Humans rely on the natural environment to provide food, clean water, and a multitude of natural resources that promote and protect health and well-being. Ecosystems provide many critical functions that protect human health, including pollution buffering, flood control, and habitat support. The research being done by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is conducted to understand how climate change currently is affecting water quality and ecosystems, and how these impacts may change in the future.
Research is focused on developing new approaches to prepare for climate change and reduce or adapt the impacts on water quality in the natural environment. The results can be used to assist states, tribes, and local communities with developing strategies to protect their water quality and vulnerable ecosystems from the impacts of climate change.
Ecosystems and Climate Change Research
The research by EPA includes:
Characterizing How Climate Change Impacts Ecosystems
Research is improving understanding of how extreme events, air pollution, and other changes driven by climate change are impacting ecosystems. Studies are examining potential future climate-driven ecosystem impacts, evaluating consequences to ecosystems undergoing
particularly rapid change, and determining how climate change affects water quality and ecosystems.
Characterizing How Air Pollution Impacts
Water Quality and Ecosystems Under a Changing Climate
Research is underway to better understand how air pollution and climate change interact to affect the health of ecosystems and the services they provide, such as clean water and food. Research focus includes:
S Increase understanding of the role of deposition of nitrogen, sulfur, and toxic pollutants on ecosystem functioning and services.
S Improve and expand information on critical loads for nitrogen and sulfur.
S Increase understanding of how wildland fires affect air and water quality and ecosystem health.
S Improve characterization of how air pollution impacts ecosystems under a changing climate.
Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Nature-Based Carbon Sequestration and Storage
Research is addressing how air pollution and climate change are impacting the ability of ecosystems to sequester and store carbon, thereby reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. Investigations are being conducted to understand how changes in air pollution
and deposition, temperature and precipitation patterns, and wildland fires affect ecosystem carbon sequestration in forests, near-shore marine environments, and freshwater bodies and estuaries.
Evaluating How Water Quality and Ecosystems Recover From Pollution and Climate-Related Disturbances
Researchers are studying how some ecosystems are able to recover from past exposures to water and air pollution and climate change. The information will provide insight into how ecosystems can adapt disturbances and changing climate.
Water Quality and Climate Change Research
Nutrient Contamination Research
Runoff of nitrogen and other pollutants during high precipitation storms is leading to more pollution in water bodies. Nutrient contamination research is advancing the science to help EPA, states, and tribes make management decisions related to nutrients and other pollutants impacting water quality. The results from the research will help others effectively conduct restoration and recovery of the nation’s water resources.
Research focus includes:
S Providing information, methods, and approaches to determine nutrient-related impacts in watersheds and water bodies.
S Quantifying how diverse aquatic ecosystems respond to and recover from nutrient pollution.
S Collecting and synthesizing data and developing new tools to identify watershed and water bodies that may most effectively respond to restoration and recovery efforts.
S Delivering methods and prediction tools that will help stakeholders design and track nutrient reduction activities at watershed scales.
Nutrient Pollution
Nutrient pollution—primarily excess nitrogen and phosphorus—is the most widespread water quality problem facing the United States, with far-ranging consequences for the environment, economic prosperity, and human
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health and well-being. Excess nutrient loadings to surface and groundwater can contribute to hypoxia, fish kills, biodiversity changes, and degradation of drinking water sources, increasing treatment costs. Despite progress to reduce nutrient loadings, these pollutants continue to be discharged at concentrations that cause adverse impacts to human health and aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
The EPA research examines the appropriate spatial and temporal context for nutrient reductions and conservation practices for tracking interventions to meet nutrient reduction goals in a comprehensive manner.
Nutrient Sources
Changes in climate patterns, increases in extreme weather events, and variations in nutrient sources, including excess nutrients stored in soils, sediments, and groundwater, affect watershedscale nutrient fate and transport. Fate is where a nutrient eventually ends up, and transport is how it gets there. It’s important for researchers to understand the types and locations of nutrient sources in waterbodies and where the most active sites of nutrient sink, transformation, and transport process. Advancing this science will help researchers characterize how effectively surface waters will respond to restoration and recovery efforts.
The EPA researchers are examining nutrient source inputs to the landscape and aquatic systems across a wide variety of spatial and temporal scales, from small watersheds to large river basins.
Research focus includes:
S Finding and assessing new applications of the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient inventories.
S Analyzing the locations and timing of legacy nutrients via watershed and waterbody source, sink, and transport models.
S Determining new methods to identify sources, sinks, and fate of nutrients.
Nutrient Impacts and Tools to Support Criteria Development
Research on how excess nutrients impact water quality and ecological conditions is needed to develop protective water quality thresholds and new approaches to improve nutrient status assessments and identify impairments.
The EPA researchers are working with states, National Estuary Program sites, and local EPA offices to coproduce this information. These partnerships aim to develop, apply, and communicate new and existing methods to effectively address the issue of nutrient pollution from local watersheds to national scales.
Research focus includes:
S Assessing the impacts of nutrients and different stressors on estuaries and coastal waters.
S Assessing nutrient impacts on aquatic life in freshwater systems.
S Modeling nutrient-related stressors and ecosystem recovery in freshwater and coastal systems.
Nutrient Reduction Approaches
There is a need to better understand how management practices affect nutrient fate and transport and the interacting water quality and ecological dynamics from diffuse sources (i.e., nonpoint sources) including from agriculture, urban, and forested landscapes. For example, there has been significant investment to implement agricultural conservation practices (ACPs), such as cover crops, tillage and residue management, buffers, and natural and constructed wetlands, to reduce nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural fields. It’s particularly important to understand the processes governing their effects and how cost effective these expenditures have been for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus. This includes developing strategies to increase cost effectiveness of management practices by understanding the important engineering design aspects, as well as how multiple installations
over time and space influence nutrient loads to waterbodies.
The EPA researchers are analyzing current ACPs and other nutrient management methods to develop new approaches to improve nutrient reduction.
Research focus includes:
S Reviewing and synthesizing the effectiveness of nutrient management practices.
S Optimizing monitoring, modeling, and data analytics approaches for tracking program effectiveness.
S Evaluating trading and market-based approaches to improve adoption and implementation of nutrient reduction.
S Reducing nutrient losses and greenhouse gases from row crops through improved fertilizer technology and adoption.
Implementation of Nutrient Reduction Strategies
Nonpoint source nutrient pollution can come from multiple, diffuse sources. For example, as water moves over the land and through soils and groundwater, it picks up and carries away natural and human-made pollutants, eventually depositing them into water bodies. Because of the multiple inputs—whose sources may span different jurisdictional boundaries—effective nutrient reduction strategies require partnerships with federal, state, tribal, and local community entities to leverage expertise and limited resources.
The EPA researchers are studying and documenting innovations in nutrient reductions from these partnerships and indigenous knowledge. Researchers are also developing and enhancing tools to assist in identifying priority areas to optimize measurable nutrient reduction outcomes at watershed or larger scales.
Harmful Algal Blooms Research
Climate change has been linked to an increased risk of the formation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in water. These toxic blooms develop when nitrogen and other nutrients are washed off land surfaces into waterways from storms. Warming temperatures from climate change can promote the growth of HABs and impact water quality. Research is underway to provide better monitoring and assessment capabilities for HABs and to develop potential early indicators that can be used to identify and forecast waterbodies that are vulnerable.
In addition to the research focused on the underlying processes of HABs and the short-term prediction of them, researchers are also focusing on the longer-term (over decades) effects of climate change on the risk of HABs in different geographic and biophysical settings. The research consists of a national-scale, qualitative evidence synthesis of
potential future changes in cyanobacterial HAB risk for inland lakes in the U.S.
The HABs result from complex ecological processes that are affected by a variety of factors, including nutrient and light availability, water temperature, weather patterns, lake or water body characteristics, and competing microorganisms. These HABs have been observed in all 50 states. Potential impacts from exposure to HABs and associated toxins include health risks to humans, pets, livestock, wildlife, and other biota; restricted recreational activities; damaged water quality and ecological systems; increased water treatment costs; and decreased economic revenue.
These visible masses of microorganisms include algae and cyanobacteria that are capable of producing toxins and other irritants. Cyanobacteria, a type of bacteria capable of photosynthesis, have the potential to produce toxins, the most common of which in the U.S. are microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, anatoxins, and saxitoxins.
The EPA research focuses on ways to eliminate or reduce the negative effects of HABs on human health and the environment through research on monitoring and treatment of HABs and the assessment of adverse health outcomes from exposure to them.
Health Effects and Toxicity
There is a pressing need to develop data, methods, and tools to advance the understanding of adverse health impacts of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, especially those emerging cyanotoxins among people, other animals, and plants that are associated with exposure to HABs from both planktonic and benthic cyanobacteria. The EPA researchers are characterizing and estimating the adverse health effects of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins on animals and humans using multiple toxicity models and epidemiological investigations.
Research focus includes:
S Examining the specific effects and adverse outcomes of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin exposure on both wildlife and domestic animals.
S Characterizing human health effects associated with recreational and occupational exposure to cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins.
S Developing methods to measure toxins in various materials at low concentrations.
S Characterizing basic properties of planktonic (living in the water column) and benthic cyanobacteria and associated toxins related to adverse health outcomes.
Managing Harmful Algal Blooms in the Built and Natural Environment
The HABs can produce toxins with documented health effects, produce unpleasant
tastes and odors in contaminated drinking water can economically affect the local water utility due to treatment costs and loss of customer confidence. The unpleasant visual impact of HABs can lead to loss of use in recreational areas and potential economic harm to the surrounding community. While HABs impact communities across the U.S., they may disproportionately affect low-income areas who may not have options in choosing the source of their drinking water (e.g., buying bottled water during contamination events), where they live, and selecting alternative recreational locations.
The EPA researchers seek to identify vulnerable public drinking water systems as well as effective HAB interventions and treatments for surface and drinking waters. Research focus includes:
S Developing a rigorous framework for identifying water sources and drinking water systems vulnerable to HABs.
S Evaluating the efficacy and impacts of chemical and physical HAB interventions applied to source waters.
S Evaluating the efficacy and impacts of interventions applied to remove cyanobacterial biomass and metabolites from drinking water.
Harmful Cyanobacterial Bloom Forecasting
Providing advanced-notice tools to water quality managers and environmental practitioners helps them respond more quickly and efficiently to HAB events and to better protect human, animal, and ecosystem health. The EPA researchers are developing the science required to forecast HAB events in freshwater and estuarine systems, including the use of bioindicators, environmental
drivers, and aquatic community structure; comparing multiple forecast models; and linking the ecological factors to human populations and
Stormwater management has been made more challenging as extreme rainfall events from storms and hurricanes have increased and caused more water pollution and reduced water quality. The EPA has a comprehensive research effort to support stormwater management, which includes considerations for a changing climate. Research is being conducted to synthesize existing models, methods, assessment data, and approaches, such as flow control to aid communities in stormwater management planning, including evaluation of costs and benefits, operations, and maintenance issues. The research will help communities develop and implement stormwater management strategies.
For many cities, stormwater management remains a significant challenge. In some cases, surges in stormwater after heavy rainfall events can overwhelm systems that manage combined sewage and stormwater. This can result in direct discharge of untreated human, commercial, and industrial wastewater into nearby waterbodies; therefore, treatment of stormwater-related pollutants may be required to minimize the impact of contaminants on the watershed.
The EPA wet weather planning and stormwater management research focuses on managing stormwater and leveraging ecosystem services (the benefits received from nature) from greenspace and associated green infrastructure. Managing stormwater would also allow for management of flow for landform preservation, benthic community protection, and flash flood mitigation. The EPA research is targeted at adaptation and adaptive management to
Continued on page 12
address water quantity, water quality, impacts to groundwater, and topics related to cost, effectiveness, and incentives to ratepayers. The research will help states, municipalities, and utilities improve water quality, manage water quantity, and reduce flood frequency in the face of changing precipitation, especially in ecologically and economically overburdened communities.
Leveraging Benefits From Greenspace While Managing Stormwater
The EPA researchers are synthesizing existing models, methods, assessment data, and approaches to aid communities in stormwater management planning and practice. This includes evaluating the costs and benefits of green infrastructure, operation and maintenance issues, groundwater impacts, and stormwater storage. This research will demonstrate implementation of monitoring strategies for effectively managing stormwater at multiple scales.
Green infrastructure uses filtration, infiltration, and evapotranspiration to treat and soak up rainwater where it falls. A few examples include rain gardens, green roofs, and permeable pavement.
Research focus includes:
S Developing metrics, models and monitoring techniques to determine optimal green infrastructure placement and size for urban stormwater control for separate and combined sewer systems, while accounting for the many constraints in urban areas.
S Assessing, analyzing and quantifying stormwater quality and other socioeconomic benefits of implementing green infrastructure and reducing polluted stormwater runoff.
Managing Stormwater in the Face of Climate Uncertainty
The research at EPA aims to improve the scientific understanding of how stormwater infrastructure is equipped to respond to
uncertainty related to a changing climate and the effects on watersheds and sewersheds. The EPA researchers are demonstrating implementation of monitoring strategies for effectively managing stormwater at multiple scales, and assessing resilience and adaptation efforts.
Research focus includes:
S Applying modeling approaches to assess the impact of extreme storm events in aging sewersheds and urban watersheds.
S Monitoring and assessing microbial pathogens and chemical risks in urban areas impacted by flooding events.
Monitoring and Managing Stormwater Recommendations and General Procedures
The EPA researchers are creating standard procedures and practical methods to help communities across the U.S. understand how to manage their stormwater and estimate the costs of infrastructure strategies. This research reviews and incorporates climate change into major stormwater management tools and methods, green infrastructure planning and guidance, and smart urban design tools for stormwater planning, stormwater capture, and aquifer recharge.
Wastewater Research
Wastewater management is a critical part of the anthropogenic water cycle that helps ensure that water is clean, safe to use, and protective of ecosystems. There are challenges to effectively managing wastewater systems, such as wet weather runoff that flows from urban communities into wastewater collection systems. Further, runoff from unpredictable storms or continuous heavy rain events can result in rapid changes to flow rates and volumes of wastewater that must be collected and treated. These rates can exceed the design structure of treatment processes at the utility, such as pipe systems, resulting in sewer overflows.
in wastewater and identify risks to human health and the environment.
Developing Methods to Monitor Chemical Risks in Wastewater
Effects-based methods are used to detect known and unknown chemical contaminants in wastewater and reclaimed water. These assays can be used to rapidly and selectively screen waters for possible harmful physiological effects. The EPA researchers are working to develop these effectsbased methods and to apply bioassay data for use in managing and controlling contaminants. Research focus includes:
S Standardizing methods for use in EPA’s Whole Effluent and Receiving Water Toxicity Testing Program.
S Developing cell-based assays for assessing known and unknown chemical contaminants in wastewater.
S Integrating nontargeted chemical methods and transcriptional effects-based bioassays for the characterization of wastewater discharge.
Monitoring Wastewater for Public Health and Environmental Decision Making
The research includes the development of tools and methods to address known contaminants
Since wastewater is a collection of human solids and used water from a community, it can be good source for identifying targets that determine community health. Optimizing wastewater monitoring for public health requires identifying and prioritizing markers of concern, such as coronavirus and other health-relevant microbial or chemical markers for human health. The EPA researchers are developing standardized analytical methods for identifying and measuring targets and designing sampling plans within sewer networks and at local, state, and national scales. Understanding the fate and transport (where contaminants go and how they get there) in collection and treatment systems is important to inform early warning for disease incidence. Monitoring these systems can signal the prevalence of contaminants within the community and the risks related to environmental releases. Research focus includes:
S Monitoring relevant microbial or chemical contaminants in wastewater to inform early warning of disease incidence and prevalence within the community.
S Assessing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wastewater collection systems and their removal during treatment, and related risks of environmental releases.
Wastewater Management Research for Smaller Utilities
The new, complex challenges that wastewater utilities face require a solid understanding of the growing number of innovative technologies and management approaches available to them.
While the scientific and engineering foundations of effective wastewater collection and treatment practices applied by all sizes of wastewater utilities are the same, there are unique challenges that smaller utilities face.
Research is addressing many wastewater management needs. A new focus is to deliver scientific and engineering guidance to smaller utilities. The research is focused on providing alternative and innovative collection and treatment system technologies; wastewater infrastructure assessment and management approaches, especially addressing climate resiliency; and evaluation of technology, operation and management options.
Evaluating and Mitigating Contaminants of Emerging Concern
The EPA researchers are assessing environmental effects on the detection, evaluation, and treatment of chemical and microbial contaminants in wastewater and biosolids systems. These contaminants include a wide range of pathogenic microbes, including bacteria, viruses and protozoans, and chemicals, such as household chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and natural toxins.
Research focus includes:
S Analyzing existing wastewater treatment and septic systems for managing contaminants.
S Assessing the impacts of biosolids, wastewater residuals, and other high-strength organic wastes to protect public and ecosystem health.
S Advancing wastewater infrastructure technologies and management for small utilities.
Underground Storage Tanks Research
Climate change is causing more-extreme rainfall events that are increasing the risk of fuel leaks from underground storage tanks. The leaks from these tanks can impair water quality, including drinking water, in many communities. The U.S. infrastructure for underground storage tanks is comprised, historically, of 2.2 million tanks at 800,000 facilities, with six billion gallons of fuel being stored daily. Leaking underground storage tanks are a greater burden in disadvantaged communities where many are located. As part of a comprehensive study on underground storage tanks, research is focused on addressing the concerns of communities that are impacted by increased rainfall. The research is assisting states, tribes, and local communities with identifying underground storage tanks that may be more vulnerable to leaking during these extreme events and providing solutions to further protect vulnerable populations. The gasoline, heating oil, and other liquid petroleum products that form the bulk of the
nation’s fuels and energy supply are often stored in underground storage tanks (USTs). There are more than 553,000 USTs across the U.S. storing petroleum and other hazardous substances. Leaking can lead to serious environmental and health risks, including the contamination of groundwater, the source of drinking water for nearly half of all Americans.
States, tribes, and local communities are working in partnership with EPA to protect the environment and human health from potential releases from USTs.
Research focus includes:
S Studying techniques for remediating contaminated soil and groundwater from USTs.
S Developing screening tools to identify the tanks and locations at greatest risk of leaks.
S Developing new methods to conduct site characterizations and to support clean up and remediation efforts.
S Helping prevent leaks by evaluating the effect of fuel additives and emerging fuels on the integrity of existing tanks.
Exploring Groundwater Vulnerability
The EPA researchers are developing tools to identify vulnerabilities to groundwater from leaking underground storage tanks. New methods will identify groundwater wells in the U.S., which will then be used to develop a groundwater vulnerability model at local, regional, and national scales. The tools will assist states and regions in triaging site cleanups and assessing potential cumulative impacts to groundwater supplies.
Leak Prevention and Fuel Compatibility
Biofuels and other emerging fuels are potentially incompatible with various UST system components, potentially resulting in
leaks that release automotive fuels into the environment. The EPA researchers are helping assess developments in site cleanup technologies and assessing alternative and emerging fuels for compatibility. This research will be used to update technical guidance manuals and evaluations of risks to UST system components from new fuel formulations.
Petroleum Vapor Intrusion
Petroleum vapors from leaking underground storage tanks have the potential to enter buildings, where they might pose a risk to the health of occupants as petroleum vapor intrusion (PVI). The EPA PVIScreen, which automatically conducts an uncertainty analysis and repeatedly runs a model with differing values of site-specific factors or userdefined parameters to incorporate uncertainties, provides a resource for site managers and others to explore and better understand the dynamics of petroleum vapor intrusion. Typically, the model is run many times using various factors and input quantities and is compatible with EPA guidance for assessing PVI at leaking underground storage tank sites.
Research Solutions
As changing climate patterns, biological and chemical contaminants, and aging water infrastructure systems threaten water quality and availability, communities and aquatic ecosystems will increasingly rely on advances in science and technology for resilience. The research from EPA supports solutions that ensure adequate supplies of clean water to promote human health and livelihood and protect and restore watersheds and ecosystems.
For more information, go to www.epa.gov. S
April 26-29, 2026 | Ocean Center | Daytona Beach
CALL FOR PAPERS
Seize the opportunity to share your knowledge and solutions with the water industry.
Join professionals dedicated to improving and sustaining Florida’s water.
Now is the time to upload your abstracts for consideration as a part of FWRC’s Technical Program.
Visit fwrc.org/learn for technical session updates.
PAPERS
DUE BY OCTOBER 3, 2025
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Operators: Take the CEU Challenge!
Members of the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association (FWPCOA) may earn continuing education units through the CEU Challenge! Answer the questions published on this page, based on articles in this month’s issue. Circle the letter of each correct answer. There is only one correct answer to each question! Answer 80 percent of the questions on any article correctly to earn 0.1 CEU for your license. Retests are available.
This month’s editorial theme is Disinfection and Water Quality. Look above each set of questions to see if it is for water operators (DW), distribution system operators (DS), or wastewater operators (WW). Mail the completed page (or a photocopy) to: Florida Environmental Professionals Training, P.O. Box 33119, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla. 33420-3119, or scan and email a copy to memfwpcoa@ gmail.com. Enclose $15 for each set of questions you choose to answer (make checks payable to FWPCOA). You MUST be an FWPCOA member before you can submit your answers!
Water Quality, Ecosystems, and Climate Change Research
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Article 1: CEU = 0.1DS/DW02015456)
1. Which pollutant’s deposition is studied for its impact on ecosystem functioning?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Lead
c. Nitrogen
d. Ozone
2. Which of the following is a goal of nutrient contamination research?
a. Developing new pesticides
b. Creating new fertilizers
c. Building dams
d. Determining nutrient-related impacts in watersheds
3. What is a common source of nonpoint source nutrient pollution?
a. Urban runoff
b. Factories
c. Nuclear plants
d. Airplanes
4. What is a potential health effect of harmful algal blooms?
a. Skin irritation
b. Increased appetite
c. Better sleep
d. Improved vision
5. What is EPA researching to help small wastewater utilities?
a. New fertilizers
b. Innovative treatment technologies
c. New pesticides
d. Bigger pipes
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FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
Highlights From the 2025 Florida Water Resources Conference
Mish Clark
Thank you to all the attendees, exhibitors, sponsors, and volunteers who made the 2025 Florida Water Resources Conference (FWRC) a success! Held May 4-7 at the Palm Beach Convention Center, this year’s conference was proudly supported by the Florida Section of the American Water Works Association (FSAWWA), Florida Water Environment Association (FWEA), and Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association (FWPCOA).
We hope you found the experience valuable, made meaningful connections, and achieved your goals throughout the event.
2025 FWRC by the Numbers
Here are some statistics from the conference:
S 3,438 attendees
S 464 exhibitor booths
S 74 sponsors
S Six paid secondary events
S 1,334 app downloads
S Numerous networking opportunities
S 113 technical sessions and workshop presentations
S 738 continuing education unit (CEU) or professional development hour (PDH) certificates awarded
FWRC 2025: A Dynamic Gathering of Innovation, Education, and Connection
This year’s conference proved once again why FWRC is a cornerstone event for water professionals across the state and the region. The conference offered a powerful blend of technical education, hands-on workshops, engaging panels, and industry networking.
Over two and half days, attendees had access to more than 113 technical sessions and workshops covering a wide spectrum of topics—from PFAS and nutrient removal to utility management, smart water systems, and resiliency. These sessions provided not just continuing education, but real-world insights to help professionals tackle today’s water and wastewater challenges.
Beyond the classroom, FWRC fostered community through meaningful networking events, including the President’s Reception, Lawn Party, and the many students and young professionals activities. These moments brought together water workers—at all stages of their careers—to connect, collaborate, and recharge.
The exhibit hall was a hub of energy and innovation, featuring hundreds of exhibitors showcasing the latest technologies, products, and services in the water industry. At the heart of the hall, the ever-popular Operations Challenge kept the excitement high as skilled teams demonstrated their expertise in a series of fast-paced events.
Every year, FWRC continues to evolve—
adding new programming, enhancing the attendee experience, and staying at the forefront of water industry education and engagement. With your continued support, we’re proud to deliver an event that is informative, interactive, and impactful.
We look forward to seeing you at next year’s FWRC, being held April 26-29, 2026, in Daytona Beach!
Conference Highlights
Water Authority Plant Tour: West Palm Beach
The 2025 FWRC water plant tour provided attendees with a unique and informative experience. The tour began at Grassy Waters Preserve, a 23-square-mile remnant of the historic Everglades that plays a critical role in providing freshwater to the City of West Palm Beach. Managed by the watershed division of the Public Utilities Department, the preserve offered a firsthand look at the area’s biodiversity, invasive species control efforts, and environmental education programs.
The second stop was the historic West Palm Beach Water Treatment Plant, originally constructed in 1901 and now serving over 130,000 residents. Attendees explored how the plant has evolved into a state-of-the-art facility processing nearly 50 million gallons per day. Unique among Florida’s treatment systems, it combines conventional and advanced technologies— including ultraviolet disinfection—to deliver high-quality drinking water sourced from Clear Lake.
The 2025 Operators Showcase, presented by FWPCOA, kicked off Monday morning of the conference with a dynamic and insightful session focused on the evolving landscape of direct potable reuse (DPR) and the One Water concept. Moderated by Manny Moncholi, Ph.D., P.E., with GHD, the showcase featured a series of expert presentations.
Ali Bayat, director of Palm Beach County Water Utility District, opened the session with an overview of the award-winning Green Cay 2 project, followed by a presentation by John O’Brien, chair of FWPCOA Region VI, on the DPR course he developed and recent regulatory developments impacting Florida’s operators.
Colin Devitt, along with speakers Pranjali Kumar, Marya Redmond, and Mark Donovan, shared perspectives and experiences with DPR projects in Florida and North America.
The session concluded with an engaging panel discussion, giving attendees the opportunity to ask questions and interact with the presenters. Designed for drinking water, wastewater, and distribution system operators and engineers, the showcase provided a valuable forum for knowledge-sharing, professional development, and advancing the One Water approach.
Women of Water Forum
The 2025 Women of Water Forum brought together an inspiring panel of leaders from across Florida’s water sector for a powerful and engaging discussion. Facilitated by Randy Brown, utilities director at City of Pompano Beach, and Marjorie Craig, P.E., utilities director for Village of Tequesta, the session served as a peer-to-peer platform for sharing experiences, perspectives, and lessons learned.
This year’s panelists offered candid insights into their professional journeys, motivations, and the challenges they’ve faced along the way. With strong audience engagement, the forum provided an honest and empowering conversation about leadership, representation, and the future of the water industry.
Special thanks to our 2025 panelists:
S Brittany Bassett, utilities assistant director, Martin County
S Krystin Berntsen, P.E., PMP, deputy utilities director, Palm Beach County
S Keeli Carlton, water policy program manager, Seminole County
S Nory Hancock, deputy director, Pinellas County Utilities
S Megan Nelson, P.E., senior engineer, Orange County
S Marta Reczko, assistant director of utilities, City of Margate
Florida Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers Breakfast and New Member Induction
The annual Florida Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers (FSSSSS) breakfast and induction ceremony was held at FWRC 2025, celebrating individuals who have demonstrated exceptional and meritorious service to FWEA.
Founded in 1956 by David B. Lee, FSSSSS honors those who go above and beyond in service to the water industry. Membership in this prestigious society is not something one can apply for—you must be selected by your peers. Nominees must be FWEA members in good standing and are recognized for their lasting contributions to the profession.
This year’s event brought together past and present members to welcome the newest inductees into the society. Congratulations to the 2025 class of shovelers:
S Kristiana Dragash
S David Hunniford
S Ada Levy
Networking and Annual Events: Building Connections, Sharing Knowledge, and Celebrating Excellence
The FWRC is more than just technical sessions—it’s a place to connect, collaborate, and celebrate the water industry community. From the lively President’s Reception and relaxed Lawn Party to the prestigious awards luncheons, the conference offered a variety of opportunities for attendees to build meaningful relationships, exchange ideas, and recognize outstanding achievements. These annual events continue to foster a sense of camaraderie and pride among professionals dedicated to protecting and advancing Florida’s water resources.
President’s Reception
The 2025 FWRC kicked off in style with the annual President’s Reception on Sunday evening in the exhibit hall. Attendees had the chance to mix, mingle, and enjoy a lively atmosphere filled with great food and conversation. Guests got a first look at the exhibitor booths, adding an exciting preview of the innovation and technology on display throughout the week. The reception was the perfect way to launch the conference with energy, engagement, and community.
Lawn Party
Even a little rain couldn’t dampen the fun at the 2025 FWRC Lawn Party! Originally planned for the Skyroom, the celebration was quickly moved indoors—where the energy stayed high and the good times kept rolling. Attendees danced, networked, and enjoyed food, music, and games in a lively, welcoming atmosphere.
This year, the Students and Young Professionals Reception was merged with the Lawn Party, bringing together attendees from all stages of their careers for a vibrant evening of connection and camaraderie. It was a true celebration of the FWRC spirit—rain or shine!
On Monday afternoon, FWRC hosted a collaborative joint meeting and networking event featuring the FSAWWA Water Utility Council (WUC), FWEA Water Resources, Reuse, and Resiliency (WR3) Committee, and the FL2051 Committee. This event followed their joint workshop and continued the engaging dialogue around current drinking water and wastewater challenges and opportunities facing Florida’s water sector.
Attendees enjoyed refreshments while connecting with peers and industry leaders in a relaxed setting.
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FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
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The session provided valuable insights from the three impactful groups:
S FSAWWA WUC. The council is known for its advocacy and leadership on legislative and regulatory matters affecting Florida’s drinking water utilities.
S FWEA WR3 Committee. The committee embraces the One Water approach and focuses on water reuse, integrated resources, and resiliency through education and technical programming.
S FSAWWA FL2051. A visionary committee guiding long-term sustainability efforts and supporting statewide water policy initiatives.
This joint event highlighted the power of collaboration and cross-sector engagement in building a sustainable future for Florida’s water industry.
FWRC 2025 Awards Luncheon: Celebrating Service, Leadership, and Connection
On Monday afternoon, attendees gathered for the FWRC 2025 awards luncheon, a meaningful celebration of leadership, service, and the collective mission that unites Florida’s water professionals. This year’s luncheon was hosted by Mark Lehigh, incoming FWRC president, who welcomed attendees with thoughtful and inspiring remarks on the power of connection within our industry.
Drawing from the theme “Connecting Everyone,” Lehigh reminded the audience that every molecule of water—whether rain, vapor, or ice—is part of an ongoing global journey. He likened this natural cycle to the work of the water industry: treating, distributing, reclaiming, and protecting water in all its forms. His remarks emphasized that just as water connects ecosystems, FWRC connects people, ideas, and solutions, fostering innovation and resilience across Florida’s water landscape.
The luncheon also provided an opportunity to honor Tim Madhanagopal, past president of FWRC, for his outstanding leadership. Lehigh presented a token of appreciation on behalf of the FWRC board, thanking Tim for guiding the conference through the challenges of the pandemic and leading the strong, successful rebuild that followed. His vision and commitment laid the foundation for continued growth, and the FWRC community expressed its hope that he will remain actively involved, even in retirement.
Throughout the luncheon, attendees reconnected with colleagues, celebrated the achievements of peers, and looked ahead to a
future shaped by collaboration, expertise, and shared purpose.
The 2025 awards luncheon reflected everything FWRC stands for—recognition, renewal, and the enduring strength of our professional community.
FWEA Awards Luncheon: Honoring Service, Leadership, and Excellence
The 2025 FWEA awards luncheon, held on Tuesday, May 6, brought together members, partners, and special guests to celebrate a year of outstanding service, leadership, and accomplishments across Florida’s water environment community.
Joe Paterniti, FWEA president, welcomed attendees and opened the event by recognizing honored guests, including Keith Hobson, WEF president-elect, who also served as the luncheon’s keynote speaker. Attendees were guided through the agenda using a digital program and QR codes for access to the annual report, financials, and business meeting materials.
Following an invocation by Tim Harley, the luncheon began with the premiere of an enhanced Water Stories video compilation, showcasing the impactful work being done across the state. As lunch was served, the formal annual business meeting commenced, led by Paterniti and Megan Nelson, FWEA secretary/treasurer, covering highlights from the past year and the proposed financial plan for the year ahead.
A key moment of the luncheon was the passing of the gavel to Joan Fernandez, incoming FWEA president, who shared her vision for the year and invited attendees to remain for the much-anticipated awards ceremony.
Kristiana Dragash took the stage as master of ceremonies for the awards presentation, recognizing excellence across numerous categories. Honors included volunteer service, student achievement, and professional contributions, with Operations Challenge winners and President’s Choice Awards among the many highlights.
Throughout the event, attendees were reminded of the important role each person plays in advancing FWEA’s mission—whether through leadership, innovation, or service. The luncheon closed with gratitude, applause, and a renewed sense of commitment to protecting and enhancing Florida’s water environment.
Leadership and Collaboration: Committee, Board, and Executive Meetings at FWRC
The FWRC continues to serve as a central
hub for leadership, planning, and progress within Florida’s water industry. Throughout the conference, key committees, boards, and executive groups from FSAWWA, FWEA, FWPCOA, and the Florida Water Resources Journal (FWRJ) gathered to advance initiatives, discuss industry challenges, and coordinate future efforts.
These meetings provide an essential platform for strategic collaboration, member engagement, and the exchange of ideas across all sectors of the water community—from governance and policy to technical innovation and workforce development. Whether focused on biosolids, rates and finance, asset management, or student involvement, each meeting played a vital role in shaping the direction of our collective work and ensuring the continued success of Florida’s water utilities and professionals.
The meetings included: Sunday
S FWRC Board Meeting
S FWRJ Board Meeting
S FSAWWA Executive Committee Meeting
S FWEA Board of Directors Meeting
S FSAWWA Board of Governors Meeting
S FWPCOA Board of Directors Meeting
S FWEA Biosolids Committee Meeting
S FWEA Collection Systems Committee Meeting
Monday Morning
S FSAWWA Rates and Finance Committee Meeting
S FSAWWA Operations Council Meeting
S FSAWWA Water Equation Committee Meeting
S FWEA Wastewater Process Committee Meeting
S FSAWWA Public Affairs Council (PAC)
FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
Monday Afternoon
S FSAWWA Technical and Education Council (TEC) Meeting
S FWEA Students and Young Professionals Committee Meeting
S FSAWWA Membership and Engagement Committee Meeting
S FSAWWA Geographic Information System (GIS)/Asset Management Committee Meeting
Tuesday Morning
S FSAWWA Automation Committee Meeting
S FSAWWA Master Planning and Modeling Committee Meeting
S FWEA Air Quality Committee Meeting
S FWEA Emerging Water Technology Committee Meeting
Tuesday Afternoon
S FWEA Utility Management Committee Meeting
S FSAWWA Cybersecurity Committee Meeting
Challenges and Competitions: Showcasing Skills, Innovation, and Teamwork
FWEA Operations Challenge
The 2025 Operations Challenge once again brought high energy and fierce competition to FWRC, showcasing the skills and teamwork of wastewater professionals from across Florida. Often referred to as the “Wastewater Olympics,” this annual event featured teams of four competing in five key events—operations, maintenance, laboratory, safety, and collection systems.
The competition highlighted technical expertise, speed, and collaboration under pressure. The top-performing teams earned the
honor of representing Florida at the national level during the Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC) being held in Chicago later in 2025. Congratulations to all who competed and demonstrated the excellence and dedication that define our industry!
The results of the Operations Challenge were as follows:
S First Place - JEA The Fecal Matter
S Second Place- Polk County Bio Wizards
S Third Place - St. Pete Dirty Birds
Top Ops
The 2025 Top Ops event was once again a highlight of FWRC; bringing energy and excitement to the conference, it was sponsored by GHD. Often referred to as the “College Bowl” of the water industry, this fast-paced, questionand-answer competition put participants’ technical knowledge and problem-solving skills to the test.
This year’s competition served as a warmup for Florida’s 2024 winning team as it prepared to represent the state at this year’s AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition (ACE25) in Denver. Teams made up of engineers, mechanics, laboratory personnel, managers, and more competed for the top spot, tackling a range of technical questions and math problems posed by the event moderator. This year’s teams were from City of Pompano Beach, Pasco County, Hillsborough County, and a makeshift team of engineers.
Top Ops continues to be a proud tradition of FSAWWA since 1997, offering not just a competitive challenge, but a fun and engaging way to celebrate expertise and teamwork in the water industry.
Congratulations to all who participated and supported this year’s event!
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FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
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Students and Young Professionals: The Future of the Industry
Students and young professionals remained a central focus at the FWRC 2025, as they represent the next generation of leaders in the water sector. The conference offered a robust lineup of events tailored specifically for students and young professionals, creating meaningful opportunities for learning, networking, and professional growth throughout the conference.
The weekend kicked off on Sunday with the students and young professionals breakfast, followed by the Intro to the Industry session, designed especially for InFLOW Scholars to gain early exposure to the water sector. Attendees continued the day with the students and young professionals lunch, a great chance to connect with peers and mentors. The student design awards presentation later that afternoon recognized the hard work and innovation of university teams who tackled real-world environmental and wastewater challenges. The day wrapped up with a guided exhibit hall tour, giving participants direct access to industry professionals and technologies.
On Monday, students and young professionals joined forces again for the joint FWEA/FSAWWA students and young professionals lunch, offering another valuable networking opportunity and continued engagement with industry leaders.
These events collectively reinforced FWRC’s ongoing commitment to supporting and empowering up-and-coming water professionals.
FWEA Student Design Competition: Wastewater and Environmental
The Student Design Competition brought
some of the brightest young minds to FWRC, as university teams presented innovative solutions to real-world wastewater and environmental challenges. Comprised of both undergraduate and graduate students—often completing capstone projects—each team dedicated months of work to address assigned problems in either environmental or wastewater fields. Their presentations showcased creativity, technical skill, and a deep commitment to the industry. Congratulations to the winning teams, who will go on to represent FWRC at the national competition during WEFTEC! Teams represented University of Florida and University of South Florida.
Wastewater Category
University of South Florida was the firstplace winner in this category! Students on this team included:
S Adriana Mayr
S Isaac Washington
S Isabella Guzaldo
S Schulyer Jones
S Ochithya Fernando
Environmental Category
University of South Florida was the firstplace winner in this category! Students on this team included:
S Santosh Jagan
S Nicholas Moran
S Chase Royall
S Regina Demechko
S Garret Rolle
FWEA Students and Young Professionals: Poster Competition
The 2025 poster session featured outstanding presentations from students and young professionals on a range of water, wastewater, and environmental topics.
Attendees had the opportunity to engage with presenters, ask questions, and explore innovative research and ideas. The session concluded with an awards presentation recognizing the top posters for their excellence in content, clarity, and impact.
Congratulations to this year’s winners:
S First Place - Angel Villarruel-Moore
S Second Place - Brennan Schneider
These talented individuals showcased new innovation and leadership in the water industry.
FWEA/FSAWWA Students and Young Professionals Workshop
The Young Professionals Workshop, a collaborative effort between FWEA and FSAWWA, successfully brought together emerging leaders in the water and wastewater industry for a day of learning, professional growth, and networking. Attendees had the opportunity to engage with industry experts, gain valuable insights, and connect with peers from across Florida, making it a meaningful experience for all participants.
Workshops and Technical Sessions: Where Expertise Meets Application
The conference delivered an outstanding lineup of technical sessions and workshops, offering attendees the latest insights, research, and best practices across all facets of the water industry. From cutting-edge technologies to regulatory updates and hands-on training, the program provided valuable education tailored to operators, engineers, utility leaders, and industry professionals alike. This year’s sessions resulted in an impressive 738 CEU/PDH certificates issued, reinforcing FWRC’s continued role as a leading source
of professional development and technical advancement in Florida’s water sector.
Workshops Recap: Exploring Solutions Through Interactive Learning
There was a strong lineup of in-depth workshops designed to provide attendees with actionable insights, technical strategies, and real-world solutions. These sessions gave participants the opportunity to engage with industry experts, collaborate with peers, and dive deeper into the complex challenges facing today’s water and wastewater utilities.
From funding strategies and emergency preparedness to smart systems and cybersecurity, the workshops covered a wide range of relevant topics tailored for professionals at all levels.
Workshops offered at FWRC 2025 included:
S Who Are You Going to Call for Your Water Utility Funding?
S Risk, Resilience, and Return on Investment
S From Free Space to Navigating the Future of Water and Wastewater Utilities – B.I.N.G.O!
S Safety Strategies From Construction to Operations
S Hurricane Planning, Response, and Recovery: Lessons Learned
S Utility Cyber Incident Response Plan and Tabletop Exercise
S Smart Water Systems: Manholes, Meters, and More!
S Budgeting and Funding in a Volatile Market
These workshops enhanced the technical program by offering practical tools and timely insights for navigating today’s ever-evolving water landscape.
Technical Sessions Recap: Advancing Knowledge Across the Industry
The technical sessions spanned two full days and featured an exceptional lineup of presentations covering the most pressing topics and innovations in the water and wastewater industry. With sessions delivered by professionals from across the state—and beyond—attendees had access to a wide range of educational content designed to inform, inspire, and elevate professional practice.
Topics were thoughtfully organized into specialized tracks, offering something for everyone—from engineers and operators to utility managers and regulators. This year’s sessions reflected the growing complexity of the field while emphasizing solutions, technology, and sustainability.
FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
Key topics covered during the technical sessions included:
S Modeling, GIS, and Computer Applications
S Stormwater and Green Infrastructure
S Distribution Systems
S Wastewater Treatment
S Sustainability
S Potable Water Treatment
S Facilities Operation and Maintenance
S Utility Management
S Water Supply and Water Quality
S Collection Systems
S Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
S Reclamation and Reuse
S Nutrient Removal
S Biosolids and Resource Recovery
The FWRC technical program continues to serve as a vital resource for industry professionals seeking continuing education, fresh ideas, and practical strategies to support Florida’s water future.
Thank You to Our Sponsors
Our sponsors play a vital role in enhancing the FWRC experience. Their generous support reflects a shared commitment to the conference’s mission and the advancement of Florida’s water industry. We sincerely appreciate their contributions and encourage all attendees to consider these valued partners when seeking products and services throughout the year.
Title Sponsor
S Merrell Bros
Platinum Plus Sponsors
S AECOM
S ARDURRA
S CHA
Platinum Sponsors
S CS3 Water Works
S Jacobs
S PCL Construction
S Wade Trim
Gold Sponsors
S Barge Design Solutions
S Baxter & Woodman
S CDM Smith
S Dewberry
S Freese and Nichols
Continued on page 24
FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
Thank You for Making FWRC 2025 a Success!
Dear Water Professionals,
On behalf of the Florida Water Resources Conference, I extend my sincere thanks to each of you who joined us for the 2025 FWRC at the beautiful West Palm Beach Convention Center. Your presence—as attendees, exhibitors, sponsors, speakers, and volunteers—was instrumental in making this year’s conference another resounding success.
Since last year’s event, we’ve continued working hard to elevate the FWRC experience. This year, we introduced a refreshed brand identity in collaboration with the Mish Agency and launched a new website to provide a more intuitive and content-rich experience for all participants.
With the continued support of our three host associations—FSAWWA, FWEA, and FWPCOA—the FWRC remains a uniquely comprehensive event that brings together diverse voices from across the water sector. Our 2025 theme, “Connecting Everyone,” reflected our commitment to creating an inclusive environment that fosters innovation, collaboration, and meaningful solutions.
A heartfelt thank you goes to our technical presenters, moderators, and workshop coordinators who shared their knowledge and time; to the volunteers who supported sessions and registration; and to our trustees and board members, whose guidance and feedback helped shape this year’s event.
We hope FWRC 2025 was valuable to you, both professionally and personally, and we look forward to continuing this momentum in Daytona Beach, April 26–29, 2026.
Continued from page 23
S Global Tech Solutions
S Hazen
S Hydra Services Inc.
S Kennedy Jenks
S Kimley Horn
S McKim & Creed
S MWH
S Mott Macdonald
S Stantec
S Tetra Tech
S Wright Pierce
S Xylem
Silver Sponsors
S Arcadis
S Ardurra
S Black & Veatch
S Carollo
S Flovac
S Halff
S HDR
S Inframark
S Synagro
S Veith Engineering & Business Solutions
S Weston & Sampson
Bronze Sponsors
S Archer Western Construction
S Brown and Caldwell
S Custom Pump & Controls
S DXP I C&V
S GDH
S JCA
S Jones Edmunds
S Mead & Hunt
S Moss Kelley
S Tom Evans Environmental
S Vaughan
S Vega
S VT Scada
S Woolpert
Supporting Sponsors
S Barbey’s Pumps
S Fortline Waterworks
S Marolf Environmental
S RK&K
S Sundt
S Water Company of America
Digital Signage Sponsors
S Brown and Caldwell
S Operational Technical Services
Individual Technical Session Sponsors
S Florida Aquastore
S Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association
S Synagro
S Veith Engineering & Business Solutions
Volunteers: The Heart of FWRC
Behind every successful FWRC is a dedicated network of volunteers whose time, talent, and passion make the event possible. From the earliest stages of planning to the final session, it’s the collective efforts of these individuals that drive the quality, organization, and spirit of FWRC.
We extend our sincere gratitude to the expert speakers who shared their knowledge and insights, and to the staff of FSAWWA, FWPCOA, and FWEA who supported every facet of the conference. A special thank you goes to those who volunteered their time at registration, assisted with technical and workshop coordination, served on the Technical Review Committee, and helped manage room logistics throughout the event.
We also recognize the countless contributors who helped with educational sessions, hosted committee meetings, facilitated student programs, led tours, and kept the behind-the-scenes operations running smoothly. Whether answering questions, guiding attendees, or troubleshooting issues, your commitment did not go unnoticed.
It is this spirit of collaboration and service that continues to set FWRC apart. You are not only the foundation of the conference—you are stewards of Florida’s water industry, helping shape its future through your dedication and leadership. We thank you all!
Save the Date
Mark your calendars! The 2026 Florida Water Resources Conference will be held April 26–29 in vibrant Daytona Beach.
Join us for another energizing event filled with sunshine, innovation, and industry-leading technical and educational content. The FWRC continues to be the premier gathering place for Florida’s water professionals—and we can’t wait to welcome you next year!
Stay tuned for more details and get ready to be part of something impactful in 2026.
Mish Clark is executive director of the Florida Water Resources Conference.
Mark Lehigh FWRC President
Conference Attendees Tour West Palm Beach Water Facilities FACILITY TOUR
The tour on Sunday at the conference began at the Grassy Waters Preserve, a vital 23-square-mile wetland providing freshwater to West Palm Beach. This remnant of the Everglades that once covered much of this area of the state boasts diverse wildlife and educational programs. Managed by the watershed division of the Public Utilities Department, it protects against invasive species and promotes conservation.
The tour then moved to the historic water treatment plant, originally built in 1901. Expanded over decades, it now processes nearly 50 million gallons per day, serving 130,000 people. Unique in Florida, this surface water plant combines traditional and modern treatment, including ultraviolet disinfection, ensuring high-quality drinking water sourced from Grassy Waters via Clear Lake.
At the Grassy Waters Preserve.
At the water treatment plant.
The Newest Products, Services, and Technologies in the Industry EXHIBITION
The exhibit hall this year included 464 exhibit booths, with company employees and representatives discussing the newest technologies and processes with the attendees at their booths. Just outside the hall, booths for FSAWWA,
FWEA, FWPCOA, and the Florida Water Resources Journal had staff and volunteers available to talk about programs and events from the three organizations and their joint magazine.
The hall was also the site for the evening
receptions, morning and afternoon breaks, prize giveaways, competitions, and some of the awards presentations.
Some of the many booths and activities are pictured here.
Experts Share Information, Experience, and Expertise TECHNICAL SESSIONS AND WORKSHOPS
Professionals in the industry gave presentations at the conference on the latest technical and managerial information for water and wastewater personnel.
The eight workshops at the conference covered the topics of water utility funding; return on investment; navigating the future of water and wastewater utilities; safety strategies from construction to operations; hurricane planning, response, and recovery; utility cyber incident response plan; smart water systems; and budgeting and funding in a volatile market,
The two-day technical program included technical sessions on modeling, GIS, and computer applications; stormwater and green infrastructure; distribution systems; wastewater treatment; sustainability; potable water treatment; facilities operation and maintenance; utility management; water supply and water quality; collection systems; and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Pictured are some of the workshops and sessions.
Groups Hold Meetings at the Conference Meetings
Boards, councils, and committees held meetings at the conference (and hold them throughout the year), which is where the real work for FSAWWA, FWEA, and FWPCOA takes place. Check each organization’s website to see if there’s a group you would be interested in joining.
Here are photos of some of the meetings that took place.
Strengthening Safety Culture: From Construction to Operations FSAWWA CONTRACTORS COUNCIL SESSION
At the Contractors Council session held at FWRC, the discussion centered on critical safety strategies spanning from construction phases through to operational environments. Key takeaways emphasized the profound impact of leadership behavior on safety culture, the early involvement of operations staff, and proactive hazard assessment methodologies.
Leadership’s Role in Upholding Safety Standards
A central theme of the presentation highlighted how upper management’s actions can either reinforce or undermine safety initiatives. Despite extensive efforts to cultivate a robust safety culture, mere visits to jobsites by senior leaders can inadvertently compromise safety protocols. Instances where leaders neglect to adhere fully to prescribed safety measures, such as use of personal protective equipment (PPE), can erode workforce confidence in safety standards. The imperative takeaway here is clear: leadership must lead by example. Genuine commitment from the top fosters credibility and encourages widespread buy-in among teams.
Early Engagement of Operations Staff
The significance of involving operations staff early in project planning emerged as another critical insight. By integrating operations perspectives from the outset, teams can proactively identify and mitigate potential hazards. This collaborative approach not only enhances safety, but also promotes efficiency by devising safer methods for task execution. It underscores the principle that PPE should serve as a last line of defense, with primary focus placed on “engineering out” hazards wherever feasible.
Proactive Hazard Assessment: Engineering Out Hazards
A cornerstone of the safety strategy discussed was the proactive assessment of hazards. Emphasizing the principle of preventing hazards, the presentation stressed the superiority
of eliminating risks at the source over relying solely on protective measures. This approach resonates as the safest methodology, aligning with the concept of focusing on “the stuff that can kill you” and identifying and mitigating highenergy sources that pose immediate threats to life and health.
Safety Beyond the Jobsite: A Culture That Extends Everywhere
Safety is not just a protocol—it’s a culture. Whether at home or at work, individuals are constantly setting an example for those around them. By consistently prioritizing safety in all environments, organizations can foster a mindset that prioritizes well-being beyond the workplace.
Looking Ahead: Mental Health in Focus
While the emphasis on physical safety is paramount, the conversation cannot end there. Although approximately 1,000 construction deaths occur each year due to accidents, the industry faces an even graver challenge—suicide. In 2024, 5,200 construction-related suicides were reported, making mental health a critical focus.
The Contractors Council looks forward to opportunities to continue the conversation around safety, shifting the focus to mental health strategies that can save lives.
If you are interested in learning more about the council or would like to request support, please visit the FSAWWA website at www.fsawwa.org.
FWPCOA OPERATORS SHOWCASE
Operators Learn About Potable Reuse
Operators from across Florida came to the conference to learn about timely issues to use as they develop in their careers. On Monday, some attended the Operators Showcase to enjoy a continental breakfast and learn from several speakers about potable reuse. The showcase was sponsored by the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association (FWPCOA) and moderated by Manny Moncholi, Ph.D., P.E., with GHD.
Direct Potable Reuse Risk Assessment and Management
John O’Brien
Water sources can contain potentially harmful chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms that can impact human health. Direct potable reuse (DPR) focuses on more than just source water quality and potable water quality. Importantly, DPR requires risk assessment and management to determine how to produce potable water safely and reliably for direct reuse and minimize risk to public health through process redundancy. Conventional wastewater treatment processes do not address all constituents of concern for potable reuse. Understanding the hazards associated with pathogens and chemicals in source waters make it possible to build a treatment train with sufficient capacity, reliability, and redundancy.
Pathogenic Microorganisms
Reuse water sources may contain a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasitic protozoa. Microbial contaminants are widely acknowledged as the most critical element of potential negative impacts to human health. Viruses and protozoa are especially resistant to treatment and disinfection. Most waterborne diseases are thought to be associated with viruses, so they may require more advanced treatment. Protozoa can also cause infection at low doses of exposure and persist in disinfected water after filtration.
Biological Constituents
Pathogenic microorganisms aren’t the only biological parameter impacting water quality. Algal blooms will contribute to offensive odors and poor taste in water. Some algae species can also pose serious health risks, and it can be difficult to tell whether an algal bloom is dangerous or not.
Nutrients are closely related to algae. As nutrients increase, algae growth accelerates and depletes the available oxygen level. When it comes to assessing water quality, the nutrients of interest are nitrogen and phosphorus (in their respective various forms).
Inorganic Chemical Constituents
Inorganic chemicals are metals, salts, and other compounds that do not contain carbon. They typically exist as ions (chemical substances with a positive or negative charge) when dissolved in water. Common examples include iron, copper, sodium, nitrate, calcium, magnesium, lead, chloride, sulfate, manganese, and zinc.
Dissolved inorganic chemicals present in potable reuse water sources are a combined result of the following:
S Elevated levels in existing drinking water sources
S Minerals introduced from domestic water uses
S Impacts of commercial and industrial discharges
S Chemicals used during treatment
Organic Chemical Constituents
One of the most common chemical concerns in reclaimed water is organic matter content. There are thousands of potential organic compounds in a reclaimed water source. In addition to dissolved constituents from natural organic matter, treated effluent also has low concentrations of a range of organic chemicals from industrial and domestic sources.
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
When wastewater effluent is the source water for direct potable reuse,
pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are another point of concern. Because many PPCPs are hydrophilic, they tend to dissolve in or mix with water.
Elements of an Enhanced Source Control Program
A source control program is a fundamental element of building a multibarrier approach to protect the environment and public health. It may include pretreatment programs, local limits, and other measures to manage constituents in water sources for potable reuse. The goal is to prevent unwanted constituents from entering the wastewater system and impacting water quality further downstream. By controlling pollutants at their source, DPR programs can consistently meet drinking water and other required standards.
Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is a critical component of any DPR program to protect public health and prevent damage to the treatment system. Assessing the magnitude of what could happen if risks go unmitigated helps identify key components for a risk management system. For example, effective source control requires a complete inventory of contaminants being discharged into the wastewater collection system. This inventory informs source control practices, such as chemical substitution, onsite monitoring, concentration and mass loading limits, and other measures.
Health and Safety Risk Assessment
Whether they are working at a water, wastewater, or reclaimed water facility, operators perform various activities that have the potential to pose health and safety risks. A DPR plant may contain several new
or unfamiliar hazards. The likelihood and consequence of each risk must be considered to ensure that the risk can be minimized to an acceptable level.
Asset Risk Assessment
An asset’s condition directly relates to its likelihood of failure. Condition assessment accounts for physical condition (the equipment’s state of repair and operation) and performance condition (its ability to meet operational requirements).
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points: Steps for Risk Assessment and Management
Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) is a process control system that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards. While HACCP is not a full risk assessment framework, it is a key part of an overall risk mitigation strategy. Hazard analysis in the HACCP approach is specific
to the protection of public health. In water treatment, HACCP focuses on monitoring and maintaining barriers of treatment, rather than end-of-pipe sampling and testing, to ensure water quality and safety.
Hazard Analysis
Hazard analysis looks at the source water quality, as well as potential risks within the treatment train. In addition to identifying water quality risks to be managed, conducting a hazard analysis also establishes the level of removal required across the treatment train, including specific barriers or processes for contaminants of concern.
Critical Control Points
A critical control point (CCP) is a point in the treatment process that reduces, prevents, or eliminates a health hazard and features controls to ensure proper process performance. The CCPs are often process steps (e.g., microfiltration/ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, ultraviolet/advanced oxidation process), but can also be certain
operations or procedures, such as managing the quality of chemical inputs. Each CCP has an identified measurable parameter for process monitoring, and critical limits are established for these parameters.
Critical Control Assessments
Critical control assessments use five questions to determine whether a process in the treatment train qualifies as a CCP:
S Is there a hazard at this process step? What is the hazard?
S Do control measures exist for the identified hazard?
S Does this step contribute to meeting water quality targets or achieving a log reduction of microorganisms?
S If this process step fails, could contamination occur?
S Will a subsequent step or action reduce or eliminate the hazard?
John O’Brien is chief water/wastewater plant operator at Palm Beach County Water Utilities Department.
Operational Best Practices for Potable Water Reuse
Pranjali Kumar and Marya Redmond
Potable reuse is gaining momentum as a sustainable water solution in regions facing water scarcity. Best operational practices, survey findings, and lessons learned from pioneering facilities across the United States, with a special focus on Florida, were explored.
Understanding Potable Reuse
Direct potable reuse (DPR) bypasses environmental buffers and routes purified water directly into water supply systems, demanding advanced treatment and real-time monitoring. Indirect potable reuse (IPR) utilizes natural filtration through aquifers or other buffers before reintroduction into the supply, allowing additional retention time and natural processes.
Facility Operations Best Practices
Best practices include: the following:
S Collaborative Team Approach: Effective operations require integration among operators, engineers, regulatory bodies, and laboratory personnel.
S Phased Implementation: Gradual scaling supports smoother transitions and longterm reliability.
S Operator Training: Emphasizes early, repetitive, and cross-functional training, including manufacturer sessions and documented procedures.
S Preventative Maintenance: Includes scheduled servicing, asset management systems, calibration protocols, and thorough documentation.
Survey Results
Key takeaways:
S Training: Early onboarding, real-world demonstrations, and clear certification paths are critical.
S Source Control: Begin advanced programs early and engage stakeholders with regular communication.
S Staffing: Define roles clearly, support a phased model, and plan for 24/7 operations and expansion.
S Operations and Maintenance: Prioritize compliance tasks, rely on expert vendor support, and adopt redundancy in monitoring.
S Design: Include operators in the design phase, minimize physical strain, and enable piloting innovations during demonstration phases.
Lessons Learned
Water facilities should take the following actions:
S Secure leadership buy-in early and ensure alignment with the project’s mission.
S Design facilities with operations in mind.
S Implement a strong source control program.
S Staff up and begin training on demonstration/pilot facilities.
S Create pilots and demonstrations that will pay dividends, even later, with outreach and continued testing.
Pranjali Kumar, P.E., is southeast reuse lead and Marya Redmond, P.E., is an engineer at Carollo.
FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
Direct Potable Reuse Training Course
The direct potable reuse (DPR) training course is a self-paced course that examines the beneficial reuse of reclaimed water to augment the raw water supply for a drinking water treatment facility. The course subscription period is six months from the date of enrollment. Continuing education credit is provided to drinking water and wastewater treatment plant operators who successfully complete the course.
Chapter 1: Foundations of Potable Reuse
S Definition and Context: Water reuse treats domestic wastewater to a high standard for beneficial uses. The DPR directly augments the drinking supply without environmental buffers.
S Types of Reuse:
• Nonpotable: Irrigation, industrial water
• Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR): Replenishment of aquifers, surface water
• DPR: Advanced treatment and immediate use
S Florida’s Role: A leader in nonpotable reuse, now advancing DPR through regulations and pilot studies.
S Personal Protective Equipment and Industry Standards:
• Respirators, gloves, goggles, training programs
S Emergency Management: Incident response, evacuation plans, root cause analysis
The Future of Direct Potable Reuse in North America: Signature Projects and Strategic Planning
Mark Donovan
Indirect potable reuse (IPR) and direct potable reuse (DPR) offer a transformative solution to meet urban water demands. Key DPR initiatives in North America—including projects in Orange County, Southern California, and Los Angeles—are analyzed, highlighting their technical, regulatory, and infrastructure frameworks as models for sustainable water reuse.
The IPR utilizes environmental buffers, like groundwater basins, before purified water enters potable systems, while DPR delivers purified water directly to the supply, necessitating advanced treatment, monitoring, and public assurance.
The evolution of IPR to DPR has reshaped how water utilities view wastewater. Groundbreaking DPR projects exemplify regional leadership, collaborative strategy, and technological excellence—paving the way for scalable, future-ready reuse systems.
Project Case Studies
Water Factory 21 – Orange County Water District
Original treatment process in the early 1970s included:
S Lime clarification
S Ammonia stripping
S Recarbonation
S Multimedia filtration
S Granular activated carbon adsorption
S Chlorination
S Blending
S Injection
S Extensive successful pilot testing of microfiltration and reverse osmosis was done in the early 1990s.
S World’s largest advanced water purification system for potable reuse
S Timeline:
• 2008: Launched with capacity of 70 million gallon per day (mgd)
• 2015: Expanded to 100 mgd
• 2023: Scaled to 130 mgd
S Process includes microfiltration (MF) to reverse osmosis (RO) to ultraviolet/ advanced oxidation process (UV/AOP) to recharge basin injection
Pure Water Southern California
S Aims to reduce imported water reliance by 30 percent
S Target Capacity: 150 mgd
S Features a 35-mile backbone pipeline serving more than 1.5 million people
S Timeline:
• Phase 1: 25 mgd
• Phase 2: 60 mgd (starting in 2026)
S Treatment Train: membrane bioreactor (MBR) to RO to UV/AOP to stabilization and blending
Pure Water Los Angeles
S Vision: Achieve 70 percent local sourcing using purified recycled water
S Treatment Strategy:
• MBR upgrades at Hyperion
• New advanced water purification facility (AWPF)
• DPR-ready infrastructure
S Timeline and Investment:
• Master plan: Complete by December 2024
• PEIR completion: Late 2025
• Projected cost: $21-26 billion
S Integrated with regional partners for broader reach
Technology and Treatment
Process Stage and Purpose
S Microfiltration - Removes bacteria, protozoa, fine particulates
S Reverse osmosis -Eliminates salts, pharmaceuticals, viruses
S UV/AOP - Destroys organic micropollutants
S Final monitoring -Verifies compliance with drinking standards
High log-removal values, real-time chemical monitoring, and redundancy are hallmarks of DPR systems.
Strategic and Policy Implications
S Scalability: Pure Water Los Angeles model is replicable in other cities.
S Public Engagement: Demonstration projects help build trust and awareness.
S Regulatory Readiness: Projects align with California’s DPR regulations effective in October 2024.
S Collaboration: Cross-jurisdictional partnerships accelerate adoption.
Mark Donovan, P.E., is a principal with GHD in Irvine, Calif.
FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
WOMEN OF WATER FORUM
Women of Water: Where Stories Flow and Leadership Rises
A conference workshop for connection, inspiration, and community
Megan Nelson and Brittany Bassett
In a conference hall brimming with technical papers, data-driven sessions, and cutting-edge innovations, one annual event invites attendees to pause, reflect, and connect on a more human level. The Women of Water (WOW) panel discussion has become a cherished and impactful tradition at the Florida Water Resources Conference (FWRC), offering space for sharing personal stories, engaging in candid conversations, and fostering meaningful reflection on gender, leadership, and connection within the water industry.
Though the roots of the WOW panel trace back to a single memorable session in the 1990s, it wasn’t until 2015 that WOW was revived and took shape as the ongoing tradition we know today. That year, Holly Hanson, then FWRC executive director, invited Marjorie Craig and others to serve on a conference session panel. Inspired by the power of that session, Holly asked Craig to facilitate the workshop the following year, and with the support of the FWRC board of directors, the WOW panel was officially born as an annual gathering.
From the beginning, WOW has focused not just on elevating women’s voices, but on offering something that was rare in the technical world: a chance to slow down
and connect on a deeply personal level. Panelists over the years have courageously shared stories of resilience, vulnerability, and authenticity. These stories have opened doors for listeners to relate to commonalities while also celebrating the generational shifts in our experiences.
Men have also played a critical role in WOW’s evolution. The men who attend and participate in WOW often express how it helps them better support the women in their lives— colleagues, daughters, spouses— and navigate leadership more thoughtfully.
This year’s participants were: Facilitators
S Randy Brown - utilities director, City of Pompano Beach
S Marjorie Craig - utilities director, Village of Tequesta
Panelists
S Brittany Bassett - utilities assistant director, Martin County
S Krystin Berntsen - deputy utilities director, Palm Beach County
S Keeli Carlton - water policy program manager, Seminole County
S Nory Hancock, deputy director, Pinellas County Utilities
S Megan Nelson - senior engineer, Orange County
S Marta Reczko - assistant director of utilities, City of Margate
Session Sponsor
S Vaughan
Attendance has steadily grown—from around 40 before COVID to over 120 this year—and so has the emotional resonance of each session. Every year, facilitator Craig finds herself moved by new voices: Brittany Bassett, previously an operator whose leadership continues to rise; Megan Nelson, whose honesty about balancing work and motherhood broke new ground; and Marta Reczko, who brought an international perspective and warmth. “Every year,” Craig says, “the panelists amaze me and I’m so glad I landed in the water industry. I love my ‘work family’!”
Looking ahead, her wish is for WOW to deepen its roots: more connection throughout the year, more support across regions, and a continued welcome to all— especially men who are willing to listen, learn, and grow. “It lifts me up,” she says, “to know these conversations are continuing and connecting us beyond the conference, and it’s been a joy to see regional panels over the last few years in Orlando, Tampa, south Florida; at other conferences, and more.”
In an era where professional bios (and
Panelists (left to right) are Brittany Bassett, Krystin Berntsen, Keeli Carlton, facilitator Marjorie Craig, Nory Hancock, Megan Nelson, and Marta Reczko.
Facilitator Randy Brown.
experience and mutual empowerment. In a sea of technical sessions, it remains the heart of the conference—where stories flow freely and leadership rises to the surface, not only on the panel, but for the entire room.
Streams of Curiosity
For this year’s WOW panelists, the path into the water industry began as a trickle of curiosity that steadily gathered force. They were captivated by the questions that bubbled up in their minds:
S Where does the water come from?
S What lies beneath our feet?
This natural curiosity became the current that carried them toward careers in water. Brittany, Krystin, Megan, and Marta were also guided by fathers already immersed in the field, offering early exposure to the vital work behind the tap (and toilet). Their stories reveal how curiosity, like groundwater seeking an outlet, found its way into action.
Navigating the Tides of Work-Life Balance
In the fast-moving current of the water industry, the WOW panelists reflected on the challenge of staying afloat amidst competing demands. From the earliest stages of their careers, many felt the pressure of high expectations—both internal and external— driven by ambition, the desire to make a meaningful impact, and ultimately a passion for their chosen field.
That same drive often led them into turbulent waters. “My biggest challenge is saying no, I am not going to do it,” shared Nory
Hancock, capturing the common struggle of overcommitment. Nelson emphasized the importance of setting personal limits, saying, “Boundaries are if you are going to accept that phone call today, you don’t have to.” A certified yoga instructor, she found balance in the calming practices of yoga, reminding us, “When we are doing what we love, it can be really exciting, but the truth is, your body needs relaxation.”
Each panelist spoke of finding their own tool for staying anchored. For Bassett, that tool is a passport: “My tool has a very specific acronym—PTO—for paid time off.” Her approach celebrates adventure as a form of restoration. The facilitators of the panel also contributed their wisdom earned through many years of experience in the field. Craig offered a candid reflection: “I am not the poster child for work-life balance; I slept with my phone beside my pillow, and my kids would probably tell you that they were not the priority—that my passion was work and that work was the priority.” Meanwhile, Randy Brown, the other session facilitator, shared a practical mental reset: “Pick a word to help you relax—mine is solitude— and I will picture either the beach or the mountains.”
These stories served as a reminder that establishing priorities and setting boundaries isn’t just about self-preservation—it’s about creating space for presence, peace, and perspective. In an industry dedicated to sustaining life through water, the panelists encouraged attendees to remember their own reservoirs of well-being.
Driving Change for a Stronger Future
As the industry continues to evolve, the panelists expressed a collective desire to reshape its flow—making it more inclusive, flexible, and
forward-thinking. “Making the industry easier for working women to be fully incorporated into our industry,” said Nelson, “captures a central theme: the system wasn’t originally designed with working mothers in mind.”
The system wasn’t built at the beginning for working women. “Changes are made by the collective prioritization of new ideals. In the last five years, the introduction of virtual and remote work has been opportunistic to working mothers—we have to hold on to it,” Nelson emphasized. Embracing flexibility and building trust in remote work environments are crucial steps in creating a more sustainable and equitable workplace, for both men and women.
Alongside flexibility, the panel also called for greater intentionality in recruitment. Hancock emphasized the value of emotional intelligence over technical expertise alone: “Something I would like to see change in this industry is the recruitment process. I want you to have the right soft skills to fit into the team. I can give you the training, but are you a team player?” This approach, she noted, builds the kind of diverse and collaborative teams that strengthen organizations from the inside out. “A more diverse workforce is a more resilient workforce—one that makes better business decisions together,” said Nelson.
Krystin Bernsten reminded the audience that growth also requires visibility. “We need to put ourselves out there as an industry.”
Continued on page 36
Facilitator Marjorie Craig.
Session attendees.
Panelists and attendees.
FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
Continued from page 35
That call resonated with the facilitators, who acknowledged that water professionals often work beneath the public radar. “We have historically been a silent industry—if we aren’t in the newspaper, we are doing a great job,” joked Craig, emphasizing that now outreach and communication with our customers are clear keys to developing or continuing a successful water utility. Yet Brown provided a grounding reminder of water’s essential role: “No city exists without us.” As the tide of change rises, the panel urged those in the industry to speak up, stand out, and shape a future where all voices—and contributions—are recognized and valued.
Uplifting the Next Generation
With a significant wave of retirements on the horizon, the panel emphasized the urgency of preparing the next generation to carry the industry forward. As seasoned professionals prepare to pass the baton, the call to young and emerging talent is clear: step in, step up, and stay the course. Reczko offered grounded advice for those just entering the industry: “Get a mentor. Don’t quit, give yourself time.” In an industry as complex and essential as water, growth takes patience and perseverance. Hancock echoed this, encouraging new professionals to remain open and bold: “Take
every opportunity that comes to you. Whether it’s fieldwork, office operations, or professional development, each experience adds to your reservoir of knowledge and confidence.”
Keeli Carlton emphasized that development doesn’t stop once you’re in the door. “Keep learning, even when you are not in the field and you are at your desk more. Continue to invest in yourself so you can invest in your team.” Lifelong learning, the panel agreed, helps cultivate leadership and resilience, both personally and within organizations. The panel encouraged attendees to mentor, uplift, and model the very behaviors they wish to see ripple outward in the industry. As Nelson eloquently stated, “We need to show up as our best humans, individually, so we can show up as the best industry.” In nurturing the next generation with guidance, opportunity, and encouragement, the industry ensures its flow remains strong, steady, and sustainable.
A Space That Continues to Flow Forward
As the WOW panel continues to evolve, its significance at FWRC only deepens. It is more than a session; it is a shared experience—one that reminds us that leadership is not just about technical skill, but about empathy, courage, and connection.
Each year, WOW brings new voices, new lessons, and a renewed sense of purpose. Attendees leave not only with greater awareness (as well as continuing education units and professional development hours), but with a stronger sense of belonging. In an industry that demands resilience, WOW offers the radical idea that strength can also be soft, and leadership can flow like water— adapting, connecting, and carving new paths. The hope is that this energy doesn’t end with the panel, but continues to ripple outward—through year-round conversations, regional gatherings, and everyday moments of support. Because when we listen to one another, lift each other up, and lead with authenticity, we create an industry—and a world—that works better for everyone.
Be sure to join us next year for another inspiring WOW panel discussion at FWRC in Daytona Beach.
Megan Nelson, P.E., is a senior engineer at Orange County Utilities. Brittany Bassett is utilities assistant director at Martin County Utilities and Solid Waste Department.
Women of Water session group photo.
LAWN PARTY
Conference Attendees Enjoy Annual Evening Event
This year’s conference evening event, build as the Lawn Party, was moved indoors because of rain. That didn’t spoil the fun, however, and the attendees were dancing, networking, and enjoying food, music, and games in a lively atmosphere.
STUDENTS AND YOUNG PROFESSIONALS
Students and Young Professionals:
The Future of the Industry
There was much for young professionals and university students to learn about, see, and do at the conference, including the Student Design Competition and poster contest.
Students and Young Professionals
Reception
This year, the Students and Young Professionals Reception was merged with the Lawn Party, bringing together attendees from all stages of their careers to meet, network, and learn more about the industry.
The Young Professionals Workshop, a collaborative effort between FWEA and FSAWWA, successfully brought together
and wastewater industry for a day of learning, information exchange, and networking. Attendees had the opportunity to engage with industry experts, gain valuable insights, and
connect with peers from across Florida and the region, resulting in a meaningful experience for all water professionals.
Top OPS Top Ops Teams Get in Some Practice at FWRC
Several Top Ops teams participated in a practice session at the conference to get ready for the contest that will take place at the FSAWWA Fall Conference in December.
Top Ops is a “College Bowl” type event that tests the groups, made up of water treatment and
distribution operators or laboratory personnel, on their knowledge of system operations. Teams from FSAWWA regions compete against each other in this fast-paced question-and-answer tournament. The moderator poses a broad range of technical questions and math problems, and
the team scoring the most points in the championship round is awarded the winner’s trophy.
For more details about the contest and to receive the competition rules, contact Andrew Greenbaum at greenbaumal@bv.com or Mark Lehigh at lehighm@hillsboroughcounty.org.
Chris Wetz moderates the session.
The judges at their table.
OPERATIONS CHALLENGE
JEA Team Wins First Place!
Coming in first in this year’s contest was JEA The Fecal Matter.
The Operations Challenge includes teams of four people that compete in five separate operator-related events. Teams compete at a regional level to earn the right to represent Florida at the national competition held at the 2025 Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC).
The other winners were:
S Second Place - Polk County Bio Wizards
S Third Place - St. Pete Dirty Birds
The competition is coordinated by Chris Fasnacht, with City of St. Cloud. Pipe donations were made by Ferguson and other equipment was furnished by St. Pete Utilities, Gainesville Regional Utilities (GRU), and Polk County Utilities.
Contest Components
The competition, which was held in the exhibit hall, is a skills-based contest consisting of four timed events and one questionnaire event that showcase the knowledge and expertise of wastewater treatment plant operators. The teams display their proficiency in process control, maintenance, safety, collections, and the laboratory.
The process control event uses a computerbased questionnaire where two team members are given certain scenarios to figure out through a supervisory control and data acquisition program, and the other members complete a math and basic knowledge question section.
The laboratory section is an ammonia and alkalinity testing situation, in a simulated format, to determine the operation of an aerobic wastewater system, as well as added
The many awards.
Chris Fasnacht, contest coordinator and emcee.
First-place team JEA The Fecal Matter.
Third place goes to St. Pete Dirty Birds.
Polk County Bio-Wizards comes in second.
questions to know what the demand and usage are.
The maintenance event simulates the maintenance of a lift station where a pump has gone down and a pump is set up as a bypass in case, at some point, the other pump goes down. The teams are to do a simulated inspection of the pump before simulating taking the pump to the station and hooking it up.
The collections event simulates the team having to replace a section of an 8-inch piece of pipe with a new piece of pipe that has a 4-inch hole cut out for a new sewer lateral. While this is going on, one member of the team is setting up a sampler to take samples.
The safety event simulates a person passing out in a confined space and the team arriving onsite to retrieve the person. Also added is the maintenance of a check valve in replacing the gaskets to it.
The top two teams will now go on to represent Florida at this year’s Operation Challenge at WEFTEC, which will be held in the fall in Chicago.
Sponsors and Next Year’s Event
The contest is looking for sponsors to help finance the travel costs for Florida’s champions to compete at the national level at WEFTEC. If you would like to contribute, please reach out to Brad Hayes at bhayes@woodardcurran.com for sponsorship information.
The next Operations Challenge at FWRC will be held April 2026 in Daytona Beach. The competition is open to teams of wastewater treatment operators from any utility in Florida. For information on entering a team, contact Chris Fasnacht at cfasnacht@stcloud. org.
The maintenance event.
The laboratory event.
The collections event.
The safety event.
The process control event.
SHOVELERS EVENTS
Shovelers Holds Annual Meeting and Induct New Members
Shovelers Breakfast and Meeting
The Florida Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers (FSSSSS) breakfast was held on Monday at the conference. Patrick “Murf” Murphy presided over the meeting.
The agenda each year is generally the same: attendees sign in, review the contact list for errors and missing information, report the spotting of fellow shovelers not properly attired with their shovel pin, and share stories. They also advise the leadership (ph7) of FSSSSS potential candidates who should be given consideration for membership in the
future, and then sign the certificates for the nominees for the current year deemed to have contributed outstanding and meritorious service above and beyond the call of duty to the Florida Water Environment Association (FWEA) per the guidelines.
The nominees must be present at the conference awards luncheon to receive their certificate and pin as dictated by tradition. The names of the nominees remain secret until the awards ceremony, except for the shovelers who attend the breakfast.
New Members for 2025 Inducted
Three nominees for FSSSSS became members of the organization after completing a tongue-twisting induction exercise at the conference, held on Tuesday during the FWEA luncheon. Murphy, the chair of the society, took to the podium and began the ceremony.
The inductees this year were:
S Kristiana Dragash, Carollo
S David Hunniford, V&A Consulting Engineers
S Ada Levy, Orange County Utilities
These three each took their turn at the podium, and after successfully repeating the name of the society three times (after several tries!), received their certificates
as members of the Class of 2025. The new members also received the coveted Silver Shovel pin, which, according to FSSSSS, should be worn at all times.
Each nominee must be a FWEA member in good standing at the time of nomination. The nominees must also be present at the FWRC luncheon to receive the award as dictated by tradition.
Upon successful completion of the induction ceremony, the nominees are:
“Elevated on the official shovel to the highest ridge on the sludge bed, with the title of Florida Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shoveler, and with all the honors, atmosphere, perquisites, and dignity appertaining thereunto.”
Patrick “Murf” Murphy moderates the meeting.
Meeting in progress.
Attendees network at the breakfast.
Patrick “Murf” Murphy begins the induction of shovelers. Kristiana Dragash tries the tongue-twister.
CHARTER MEMBERS –
Class of 1956
* Founder: David B. Lee
* M. Emory Dawkins
* Pat Flanagan
* John E. Kiker Jr.
* C. E. Richeimer
* K.S. Watson
Shoveler Class of 1957
* Ralph H. Baker
* Bill Bryant
* J. Robert Hoy
* Emil Jensen
Shoveler Class of 1958
* J.J.R. Bristow
* Ralph E. Fuhrman
* Wylie W. Gillespie
* Ellis K. Phelps
* R.E. Simon
Shoveler Class of 1959
* Sidney A. Berkowitz
* Thomas De S Furman
* D. Joe Raye
* John D. Wakefield
* Joe C. Woolf
Shoveler Class of 1960
* Clifford M. Courson
* Arthur R. Finney Jr.
* George T. Lohmeyer
Shoveler Class of 1961
* Ray Lawrence
* Robert R. McNary
* Ralph L. Metcalf
* E.C. Shreve Jr.
Shoveler Class of 1962
* Perry A. Cessna
* Fred A. Eldness
* Harry E. Schlenz
Shoveler Class of 1963
* Alvin R. Murphy Jr.
* Vincent D. Patton
* J.A. Shepard
* Sidney W. Wells
Shoveler Class of 1964
* John E. Baber
* J.F. Kapinos
* Donald P. Schlesswohl
* Robert S. Shaw
* Raymond C. Willis
Shoveler Class of 1965
* Charles E. Adams
* Fred C. Funnell
* Sam P. Robinson
* Sam Scott
* Joe M. Valdespino
Shoveler Class of 1966
* Arthur D. Castor
Albert Henderson
* Hoyle Knight
Robert S. Wright
FLORIDA SELECT SOCIETY OF SANITARY SLUDGE SHOVELERS
Shoveler Class of 1967
* Lou Branding
* K.K. Hufstetler
* Richard P. Vogh
Shoveler Class of 1968
* Paul D. Haney
* Nick Mastro
* John V. Miner Jr.
* Thomas P. Smith
Shoveler Class of 1969
* William P. Allman
* Hugh Pearch
* James Santarone
* Robert Sinn
* Arthur F. Vondrick
Shoveler Class of 1970
* Roderick W. Campbell
* Joseph B. Hanlon
* John B. Miller
* Charles C. Sweglar
Shoveler Class of 1971
* Hardy C. Croom
* L.T. Faulk
Joseph F. Lagnese Jr.
Shoveler Class of 1972
* J. Floyd Byrd
* B.T. Dean
* Harry W. Gioielli
* S.M. Richard Jr.
Shoveler Class of 1973
Charles L. Meyer
* Richard C. Mills
* John D. Parkhurst
* George E. Symons
* William C. Timms
Shoveler Class of 1974
* James F. Barlow
* John A. Dacy
* R.L. Hart
* Victor G. Wagner
Shoveler Class of 1975
* Mac Grossman
* Cecil M. Kent
* Madame Jean Suave
* William P. Simpson
* Horace L. Smith
Shoveler Class of 1976
* John W. Bamble
* George W. Parker Jr.
* Norman Tuckett Jr.
Shoveler Class of 1977
Richard Englebrecht
* George Humphreys
* ¬¬R.A. Litkenhaus
* J. Edward Singley
Shoveler Class of 1979
* Donald K. Shine
* Geoffrey Scott
* Bobby L. Jones
Shoveler Class of 1980
* Ray C. Holman
Terry Knepper
* E. Jack Newbould
* Joseph Papia
* David B. Preston
Shoveler Class of 1981
* Robert A. Canham
* George B. Furman
* Phil E. Whelchel
Shoveler Class of 1982
* William E. Dunn
* Everett Kinloch
Shoveler Class of 1983
* Joan E. Stokes
James Taylor
Shoveler Class of 1984
* Frank D. Hoble
Larry Robinson
* Wally Zentner
Shoveler Class of 1985
* James M. McCracken
* William D. Johnson
Shoveler Class of 1986
* George H. Dacy
* Kenneth M. Drury
* Theodore C. Pope
Shoveler Class of 1987
Thomas M. Baber
J.I. Garcia-Bengochea
* Richard Sheldon
Shoveler Class of 1988
Joseph Cheatham
* Robert Driver
David Stewart
Shoveler Class of 1989
Phillip K. Feeney
* Herb Pickle
Samuel R. Willis
Shoveler Class of 1990
Patrick Karney
* Robert Parmelee
H.E. Pruder
Phil Searcy
Shoveler Class of 1991
* Sam P. Gutridge III
Katherine Kinloch
Shoveler Class of 1992
Donald Holcomb
Shoveler Class of 1994
Salvatore D’Angelo
Bert Hale
Charles Jacobs
Shoveler Class of 1995
Donald Munksgaard
Charles Logue
* James Baird Jr.
Douglas W. Fredericks
Shoveler Class of 1996
Rim Bishop
Gregory J. Chomic
Thomas Mueller
Shoveler Class of 1997
* David L. Crowson
Richard W. Fernandez
* Joseph Habraken
* J.C. Holley
Shoveler Class of 1998
Charles C. Billias
Michael D. Cliburn
* C. W. “Mickey” Sheffield
Shoveler Class of 1999
Robert Bailey
Larry J. Ruffin
Thomas Lothrop
Shoveler Class of 2000
Jessie L. Carpenter
* Juan A. Citarella
Julie L. Karleskint
Shoveler Class of 2001
Luis Aguiar
John Harward
* Grady Sorah
Richard Voorhees
Shoveler Class of 2002
Gary D. Dernlan
* Rudolph Fernandez
Arthur P. Saey
* Kenneth Wilson
Shoveler Class of 2003
Christine Ferraro
William Edgar
Kenneth Rearden
Roy Pelletier
Shoveler Class of 2004
Thomas Helgeson
Raymond E. Hanson
Robert Solomon
Shoveler Class of 2005
Scott Kelly
Holly M. Hanson
Douglas Prentis
Shoveler Class of 2006
Shoveler Class of 2008
Chuck Hlavach
Tim Madhanagopal
Jon Meyer
Shoveler Class of 2009
* Albert “Bill” Heller Jr.
Mark McNeal
Donna Kaluzniak
* Donald Maurer
Shoveler Class of 2010
Pamela Holcomb
Thomas King
Christopher Stewart
Shoveler Class of 2011
Walter Barrett
John Giachino
George Lomax
Shoveler Class of 2012
James Hope
Nabil Muhaisen
Lisa Prieto
Shoveler Class of 2013
Timothy McVeigh
Darrell Milligan
Paul Pinault
Shoveler Class of 2014
Patrick Allman
* Richard Griswold
Christine Miranda
Shoveler Class of 2015
Gregory Kolb
Frederick Nugent
Jeffrey Poteet
Shoveler Class of 2016
Brad Hayes
Rodney Shupler
Brian Wheeler
Shoveler Class of 2017
Tom Evans
Chris Fasnacht
Sondra Lee
Shoveler Class of 2018
Raymond Bordner
Ron Cavalieri
David Hartwig
Shoveler Class of 2019
Clyde Burgess
Tim Harley
Patrick Murphy
Shoveler Class of 2020
Tina Nixon
Larry Hickey
Mike Darrow
Shoveler Class of 2022
Keaton Heller
Chris Collins
Lynn Spivey
Shoveler Class of 2023
Jason Hopp
Suzanne Mechler
Chuck Nichols Sr.
Shoveler Class of 2024
Bob Bierhorst
Darryl Parker
Tim Ware
Shoveler Class of 2025
Kristiana Dragash
David Hunniford
Ada Levy
* Garrett Sloan
Shoveler Class of 1978
* Arthur Saarinen Jr.
* Felix Janocha
Charles Hogue
* Curtis Stanton
David Shulmister
* J. Jack Smith
Shoveler Class of 1993
Timothy Brodeur
David Pickard
Frederick Trippensee
* Lee Kraft
O.H. “Sonny” Moss
* David York
Shoveler Class of 2007
Kartik Vaith
Mark Cliburn
*Edward James
Shoveler Class of 2021
Mike Sweeney
Vaughan Harshman
Jake Rohrich
*Deceased
AWARDS
Each year the Florida Water and Pollution Control Operators Association, Florida Water Environment Association, and Florida Section of the American Water Works Association honor outstanding individuals, utilities, and other organizations for contributions to the state’s water and wastewater industry. The awards were presented at the two lunches held during the conference.
FWEA Awards
Earle B. Phelps Awards
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facility First Place
Hillsborough County Northwest Regional Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Antoine Harris, Tramel Lee, James Conley, Toriano Ayers, and Gregg Rollo.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facility
Honorable Mention
City of Tallahassee Thomas P.
Smith Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by David Roberts.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facility Runner-Up
Lee County Utilities Fiesta Village Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Jessica Wilkerson, Laura Longa, and Robert Dick.
Advanced Secondary Wastewater Treatment Facility Greater Than 5 MGD First Place
City of Cape Coral Southwest Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Marcus Papp, Matt Astorino, Jeff Pearson, and Brad Trautman.
Advanced Secondary Wastewater Treatment Facility Less Than 5 MGD First Place
Polk County Utilities
Southwest Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility
Accepted by Jeff Goolsby.
Advanced Secondary Wastewater Treatment Facility Less Than 5 MGD Honorable Mention
Town and Country Utilities Babcock Ranch Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Nathaniel Mastroeni.
Advanced Secondary Wastewater Treatment Facility Greater Than 5 MGD Runner-Up
Lee County Utilities Three Oaks Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Jessica Wilkerson, Dereck Perez, and Robert Dick.
Advanced Secondary Wastewater Treatment Facility
Less Than 5 MGD Runner-Up
City of North Port Southwest Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Kevin Gotch and Jim Colvin.
Advanced Secondary Wastewater Treatment Facility Greater Than 5 MGD
Honorable Mention
Lee County Utilities Fort Myers Beach Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Jessica Wilkerson, Igor Gutin, and Robert Dick.
Secondary Wastewater Treatment Facility First Place
Polk County Utilities Sun Ray Wastewater Treatment Facility
Accepted by Mandi Hebert.
Secondary Wastewater Treatment Runner-Up
JEA Monterey Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Josh Williams.
Secondary Wastewater Treatment Honorable Mention
Broward County North
Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant
Accepted by John Kay and Maria Loucraft.
David W. York Water Reuse System of the Year Awards
Reuse Project of the
Year
City of Lake City Recharge Wetland Project
Accepted by (left to right) Chris Keller, Cody Pridgeon, Ronald Cooler, and Jeff Vollat.
5 to 15 MGD
Less Than 5 MGD
Accepted by (left
Toho Water Authority Sandhill Water Reclamation Facility Accepted by Michael Howard. Greater Than 15 MGD
Wastewater Collection System of the Year Awards
Large
Manatee County Utilities
Accepted by (left to right)
Nickolas Wagner, Patrick Shea, and Edward Ference.
Medium
City of Pompano Beach Utilities
Accepted by (left to right) John Bernat, Bobby Clayton, Steve Almyda, and Nathaniel Watson.
Marco Island Utilities Reclaimed Water Production Facility
to right) Jeff Poteet, Sonia Iszler, Nigel Noone, and Steven Schneider.
Elliott Vegas and Josh O. Reyes.
Small Town and Country Utilities Accepted by Manuel Herrera.
Presented to Edward Ference, pictured with Oscar Bello.
2025 - Connecting Everyone
Utility Management Performance Excellence
Population Served Greater Than 100,000
Broward County Water and Wastewater Services
Accepted by (left to right) John Kay, Maria Loucraft, and Mark Darmanin.
Biosolids/Residuals Program Excellence
Environmental Stewardship Award
Hillsborough County
Public Utilities Department
Accepted by (left to right) Isaiah Shaprio, Emma Lopez-Ponnada, and Tramel
Population Served Less Than 100,000
City of Fort Myers
Accepted by (left
Accepted
Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by David McDonald and Zachary Loeb.
to right) Jason Sciandra, Richard Moulton, Mari Wilmoth, Jesse Victory, and Joe Trapp.
Lee.
Small Class AA Dried Product Operating Facility Village of Wellington Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Mark Simkowitz, Bryan Gayoso, Anjuli Panse, David Farmer, and Julius Dillard.
Small Class AA Cake Solids Operating Facility Clay County Utility Authority Mid-Clay Regional
Large Operating Facility
Merrell Bros Florida Green
by (front row) Ian Petrocco, Hayley Kennedy, and Curtis Barnes; (back row) Bryan Butler, Theresa Lucas, Blake Merrell, Ted Merrell, and Charles “Red” Vancura.
Honorable Mention
Pinellas County William E. Dunn
Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Veronica De Bernando, Dean Lyons, and Shane Gendron.
Toho Water Authority South Bermuda Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Christopher Henderson.
Toho Water Authority Southside Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Erik Dabrowski.
Safety Awards
Toho Water Authority Lake Marion Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Rick Struckmeyer.
Lee County Utilities Three Oaks Water Reclamation Facility
[7489] Accepted by (left to right) Jessica Wilkerson, Dereck Perez, and Robert Dick.
Lee County Utilities Gateway Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by (left to right) Jessica Wilkerson, Tino Sinibaldi, and Robert Dick.
Accepted by Michael
Toho Water Authority Harmony Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Michael Harry.
Toho Water Authority Parkway Water Reclamation Facility
Accepted by Justin
Gainesville Regional Utilities, Combined Water Reclamation Facilities
Accepted by (left to right) José Rivera, Rachel Lockhart, Angel Ayala, Deborah Daugherty, Jennifer McElroy, and Richard Hutton.
Class A, First Place
Class A, Second Place
Class A, Third Place
Class B, First Place
Class B, Second Place
Class B, Third Place
Class C, First Place
City of Pompano Beach Utilities Oasis Refuse Plant
Delguzzi.
Class C, Second Place
Class C, Third Place
Moran.
George W. Burke Jr. Facility Safety Award
FWRC 2025 - Connecting Everyone
Organization Category
City of Pompano Beach Utilities Accepted by Aliya Moktadier.
Water Reuse and Resource Professional of the Year Award
WEF Lifetime Membership Awards
Presented to Pranjali Kumar.
Leroy H. Scott Award
Presented to Ada Levy.
Athur Sidney Bedell Award
Presented to Suzanne Mechler.
Thomas T. Jones Award
Presented to Dr. Tina Halfhide.
Ralph H. Baker Award
Presented to Adriell Shrikissoon.
Presented to Michael Sweeney.
William D. Hatfield Award
Presented to David McDonald.
Young Professional of the Year Award
Presented to Angel Villarruel-Moore.
Service Award
Presented to Brad Hayes.
Presented to John S. Trofatter. Presented to Mark A. Burgess.
FSAWWA Awards
Water Treatment Plants
Outstanding Class A City of Boca Raton Utility Services Complex
Accepted by Kara Mills and Rick Chamness.
Outstanding Class C City of Leesburg Highland
Accepted by Terrie Miller.
Most Improved Class A Peace River Manasota Regional Water Supply Authority
Accepted by Jimmy Dixon.
Most Improved Class C
Seminole Tribe Brighton Water Treatment Plant
Accepted by (left to right) Samuel Faust, Bruce Cole, Erick McQueen, Jason Kite, Rudy
Garcia, and Juan Mata.
Presented to Paul Brown, Orlando
Presented to Deanna Simmons, Jacobs.
Ballard.
Arthur P. Saey, pictured with daughter Erin Richter.
Florida Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers
FWRC PRESIDENT
FWRC Board Honors Past President
Mark Lehigh (left), FWRC president, presents Tim Madhanagopal, FWRC president from 2021-2024, his service award and expresses his thanks for all of Tim’s work on the board.
FWEA PRESIDENT
FWEA Welcomes New President With Passing of the Gavel
Joe Paterniti completed his term as the 2024-2025 FWEA president at the organization’s annual meeting and awards luncheon at the conference. Joan Fernandez begins her term as FWEA president for 2025-2026.
Joan delivers her acceptance speech at the conference at the FWEA meeting and luncheon.
David Hunniford.
Kristiana Dragash.
Ada Levy.
“Intensified Treatment Marsh for Nitrogen Removal in Hurricane Disaster Relief”
Accepted by Rafael Vazquez-Burney and Abigail Neufarth.
Paterniti passes the FWEA gavel to Fernandez.
What’s New: Water Quality Issues, Sponsorships, and Events
Joan Fernandez President, FWEA
As we move into the final stretch of summer, I find myself reflecting on the incredible momentum we’ve built this year as a community of water professionals. August marks a time when many of us are preparing for fall conferences, wrapping up summer projects, and looking ahead to what’s next. It’s also a great opportunity to pause and
recognize the continued dedication, innovation, and collaboration that define the Florida Water Environment Association. Whether you’re out in the field, managing operations, mentoring future leaders, or shaping policy, your efforts are what keep Florida’s water future bright.
Water Quality
Florida continues to be a national focal point in water quality trends and regulatory change. Early this year, the state’s surgeon general advocated for removing fluoride from drinking water. This is a highly controversial move that has now led municipalities to act as they begin formal removal procedures to comply with the recent legislation. This shift has sparked polarized community debate and highlights tensions between public health experts and public sentiment.
Simultaneously, research efforts in Florida are tackling water quality issues at the treatment level by engaging in advanced oxidation-based research to remove hydrogen sulfide (the source of “rotten egg” odors) and reduce disinfection byproducts by targeting precursors before conventional treatment processes. Such proactive source water treatment shows promising potential to improve taste, odor, and safety, while reducing burdens downstream.
On the national front, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has implemented stricter per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) limits in drinking water, formalizing maximum contaminant levels for six PFAS. These policy updates signal a pivotal move toward regulating “forever chemicals,” with far-reaching implications for water systems statewide.
FWEA Sponsorship Program and Global Sponsorship
The FWEA Sponsorship Program offers a robust platform for companies to connect with
variety of tailored partnership opportunities. At the top level, the newly established Global Sponsorship allows organizations to make a far-reaching impact extending beyond Florida and aligning with FWEA’s commitment to global water sustainability. Global sponsors gain prominent recognition across the association, including exposure on its website, at major events, and during public outreach initiatives, while reinforcing commitment to water stewardship.
In addition to global level support, FWEA offers chapter and committee sponsorships that allow companies to engage directly with local audiences and targeted technical communities. Chapter sponsorships, such as those offered by the Central Florida, South Florida, Southeast, and West Coast chapters, include benefits like logo placement on chapter webpages, event registrations, promotional display opportunities, and presence in newsletters and event signage. These are all structured under tiered options (Gold, Silver, or Platinum) to suit different budgets and goals.
The Emerging Water Technologies, Biosolids, Safety, Collection Systems, and Students and Young Professionals committees also offer annual
sponsorship packages. These are designed to boost visibility at seminars, workshops, and specialized events, with benefits like logos on committee materials, exhibit booths, literature distribution, and complimentary registrations.
The benefits of sponsoring FWEA are multifaceted. Organizations enjoy tax-deductible exposure, alignment with a respected professional body, and strategic access to water industry decision makers across the state. Through sponsorship, companies support professional development, public outreach, and communitybuilding efforts. In particular, engagement with students and young professionals, including resumé sharing, internship promotion, and design competitions, highlights FWEA’s investment in workforce sustainability, bolstered by programs like the Student Design Competition and other young professionals events.
FWEA Events
August 21 kicks off the 18th Annual Southwest Florida Water and Wastewater Exposition, bringing together local utilities, consultants, and vendors. That same week, the FWEA West Coast Chapter launches its
inaugural Fantasy Football Draft Party, which is a fun networking opportunity for industry professionals
Rounding out the month, the Women in Water event on August 28 celebrates female leaders in the industry (with programming to come). Looking ahead to fall, FWEA’s local chapters and committees will continue to engage members through a series of quarterly and themed events. The Southeast Chapter will convene its August and November quarterly meetings, typically featuring dinner and a technical presentation, in Deerfield Beach
The Treasure Coast Chapter is planning a joint FSAWWA/FWEA technical luncheon for September to help foster regional collaboration, with details to be announced.
As always, I welcome your questions, ideas, and collaboration on any initiatives you’re passionate about. Whether you want to discuss an article or column topic, get involved with FWEA activities, or simply connect, feel free to reach out. You can contact me anytime at fernandezji@ cdmsmith.com or at 954.882.9566.
I look forward to hearing from you and continuing to grow our FWEA community together. S
TECHNOLOGY SPOTLIGHT
Enhancing Value Through Technology and Innovation
All large construction projects, particularly water treatment projects, have become increasingly complex. At the same time, the expectation of quality, while meeting deadlines and staying on budget, remains unchanged. Fortunately, the tools to deliver on these needs have become increasingly sophisticated.
Construction companies, like PCL Construction, are leading the way in utilizing technology to its full potential, making for a truly collaborative experience that enhances transparency, mitigates risks, and drives successful outcomes for all stakeholders.
From preconstruction through start-up and commissioning, tools like virtual reality, building information modeling (BIM), and drone surveying provide unmatched precision and clarity in design and help optimize equipment layouts for ease of maintenance. These technologies can help drive cost control and provide cost certainty while maintaining schedules.
As the project progresses, augmented reality and BIM 360 can be leveraged to monitor construction in real time, allowing for continuous collaboration and enabling all teams to work together efficiently and effectively. This ongoing technological integration ensures the
completed project meets the client’s quality standards and stays within budget.
Leveraging Cutting-Edge Technology
Onsite Virtual Reality
One of the biggest advantages of virtual reality (VR) technology is that it allows the construction team to virtually walk through the facility and get a true sense of its scale, size, and feel during design development. Plant operations staff can identify any potential challenges due to space constraints and positioning.
Example: PCL conducted a virtual reality session to gather client insights and preferences, avoiding disruptions to active operations and ensuring a maintainable new plant.
Augmented Reality
Tablets or Hololens goggles, a head-mounted, mixed reality device that allows users to interact with holographic projections overlaid onto a realworld view, can be used to facilitate walkthroughs of structures with mechanical process equipment layouts superimposed over the physical space. This is especially useful for plant operators during construction so that they get a better understanding of spatial constraints and can provide input on
unique operation and maintenance needs. The use of augmented reality (AR) helps staff better visualize the layout and make adjustments prior to final installation. This type of collaboration ensures the construction team is building a product that meets the clients’ needs.
Example: PCL used Hololens goggles to allow individuals to virtually walk through different elements of a project.
Building Information Modeling
A 3D model of an entire project can be created using design documents. During preconstruction, 3D and 4D models can be used for clash detection, constructability reviews, scheduling, process pipe shop drawings, concrete lift drawings, and critical lifting plans.
Example: PCL produced a 3D BIM model of a chemical phosphorus and ultraviolet disinfection construction manager at risk project to optimize constructability.
Drone Surveys
Drone technology produces accurate topographic surveys of a site to help coordinate site logistics and facilitate a more efficient design process, thus helping to optimize project costs. This can be useful for mass excavation, pipe alignment, and sequencing involved with constructing water treatment projects.
Example: PCL used a drone survey at the Miami-Dade Electrical Distribution Building 3 project to overlay the design drawings with actual installation to ensure correct placements of columns, equipment, pipe, and electrical penetration.
These tools don’t replace experts in the field any more than a hammer replaces the skilled craftsman who swings it, but they can add tremendous value, optimize timelines, and increase efficiency and accuracy throughout the life of a project. q
BIM model.
Hololens with pipe overlay.
VR session in Pagosa Springs.
ED83 drone survey.
PEOPLE YOU CAN TRUST, A FUTURE YOU CAN BUILD ON
Successful projects deliver immediate results and lasting impact. At PCL, we don’t just build resilient water infrastructure projects; we also build trust and partnerships that evolve with our clients' needs, ensuring support and reliability beyond project completion.
BUILDING A BETTER FUTURE
FSAWWA Public Affairs Council {PAC)
Announcing the 2025 Public Advocate and Industry Advocate of the Year Awards
Do you know an operator who enjoys giving facility tours, a public official who always advocates for water or a school board member who promotes careers in utilities? The FSAWWA seeks nominations for two individuals who help bridge the gap between our industry and the public. Furthermore, we are seeking individuals who might otherwise not receive recognition outside of their immediate employers or communities, as these are not individuals who perform public communications, education, or outreach for a living. Consider nominating an individual today!
Award Categories:
■ Public Advocate of the Year
The 'Public Advocate of the Year' award honors an individual outside the water industry (and outside FSAWWA). This individual strengthens public relations and awareness of Florida's waters and our water future by advocating, communicating, and/or educating for local and/or statewide issues.
Industry Advocate of the Year
The 'Industry Advocate of the Year' award recognizes an individual inside the water industry. This individual strengthens public relations and awareness of Florida's waters and our water future by advocating, communicating, and/or educating for local and/or statewide issues.
For additional awards and criteria information: www.fsawwa.org/page/PAC-Awards
Nomination Deadline: Nominations are due to Keeli Carlton I kcarlton@seminolecountyfl.gov, by midnight on October 17, 2025. All nominators will be notified of their application status before November 7, 2025, via email.
The awards ceremony is at the FSAWWA Fall Conference on Wednesday, December 3, 2025.
November 30 - December 3, 2025 Rosen Shingle Creek Resort
Accelerated Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Piloting: Comparing Methods to Maximize Results in Limited Time
Henry C. Croll, Michael Adelman, Amir Alansari, Ryan Capelle, Joan Oppenheimer, Joseph G. Jacangelo, Steven Chow, and Kellogg Schwab
The presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater and surface waters continues to be a salient and important water quality issue for many utilities across the United States. The PFAS guidance levels, and health-based and regulatory values, pose an increasing challenge for utilities with drinking water supplies affected by PFAS contamination, particularly during periods of rapid regulatory change.
Granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange (IX) are the two most often employed technologies for treating PFAS contamination in drinking water, but operational media life can vary significantly based on PFAS concentrations, media selection, and background water quality. As such, piloting is often recommended to select the most appropriate media and verify full-scale design conditions. Unfortunately, traditional piloting programs can take upwards of 18 months, time that many utilities may not be able to spare in the race to meet regulations.
This study evaluated three methods to accelerate PFAS piloting:
S Reduced empty bed contact time (EBCT) pilots
S Breakthrough modeling
S Rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs)
All data presented in this study were collected as part of a large piloting effort conducted to evaluate several PFAS treatment media for the treatment of a groundwater used for local drinking water supply (Chow et al., 2022)
Reduced Empty Bed Contact Time Pilots
The first method to accelerate PFAS pilots uses reduced EBCT pilots, which will accelerate data collection because absorptive media breakthrough as effluent concentration divided by influent concentration (c/c0) is often evaluated based on the bed volumes (BVs) treated, and reducing the EBCT will increase the number
Henry C. Croll is wastewater data scientist and process engineer at HDR Inc. in Cincinnati. Michael Adelman is senior environmental engineer and Joan Oppenheimer is principal scientist at Stantec in Pasadena, Calif. Amir Alansari is water treatment specialist with Stantec in Winston Salem, N.C. Ryan Capelle is senior principal with Stantec in Minneapolis. Joseph G. Jacangelo is director of research at Stantec in Washington, D.C. Steven Chow is a scientist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology in Dubendorf, ZH, Switzerland. Kellogg Schwab is Abel Wolman professor in water and public health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore.
of BVs treated by a media column in any given amount of run time (Equation 1). Building a reduced EBCT pilot can be done by designing the column with a reduced EBCT, or by including sample ports throughout the media bed to allow sampling at different media depths. Sample ports effectively create a method to sample at a reduced EBCT while still maintaining the flexibility of sampling at the true design EBCT. This study found relatively good agreement between breakthrough curves generated using sample ports and those generated using design-EBCT effluent (Figure 1).
BVs = (run time) EBCT
Equation 1
Furthermore, the use of ports can allow accelerated data to be collected at increased BVs for compounds that take longer time to break through, such as long-chain PFAS or even short-chain perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), while still allowing the pilot to operate with a full media bed so key operational parameters, such as rate of fouling and differential pressure increase, can be observed. Unfortunately, this method is limited to a modest acceleration of the piloting process, as decreasing the EBCT can change the shape of the breakthrough curve unless it’s accounted for via modeling and
Figure 1. Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) breakthrough data from granular activated carbon collected at two ports (P1 and P2) and design effluent.
creating operational changes due to pilot flow characteristics.
Breakthrough Modeling
The second method to accelerate PFAS pilots is to leverage breakthrough modeling, which can be used in conjunction with reduced EBCT pilots (Hu et al., 2020). The PFAS treatment media tend to do a very good job of preventing breakthrough of long-chain and PFSA compounds. This is by no means a bad thing, but it does mean that even accelerated EBCT pilots may not see full breakthrough after over a year of operation. Using mechanistic breakthrough models, such as the Bohart-Adams and Clark models, breakthrough data of even 10 percent may be modeled to generate a full breakthrough curve, as shown in Figure 2. (Croll et al., 2023; McCleaf et al., 2017) It should be noted that, while creating a full breakthrough curve based on only 10 percent breakthrough can significantly decrease the time necessary to collect data, doing so creates significant risk, and it is still beneficial to collect experimental breakthrough for as long as possible for compounds that may be critical to design, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
Furthermore, the fundamental breakthrough models can be used to predict the breakthrough curve at one EBCT based on an experimental breakthrough curve developed at a different EBCT (Croll et al., 2023). While breakthrough modeling can be a highly flexible tool to both augment existing data and evaluate a range of design EBCTs using predicted breakthrough curves developed using data from the experimental EBCT, it also has significant shortcomings. Though the Clark and Bohart-Adams models are mechanistic, they are also simplified (Bohart & Adams, 1920; Clark, 1987). This, combined with the experimental and analytical variability that afflicts many pilot projects, means that predicted breakthrough curves may not match the true breakthrough (Figure 3). This study found resulting errors to be highest at early breakthrough, and not as significant by 50 percent breakthrough. Since most PFAS systems are designed in a lead-lag configuration and the lead media is typically pushed close to exhaustion to maximize media use, the early portion of the breakthrough curve is likely not controlling for design, and the predicted curves tended to conservatively predict media life for the upper tail of the breakthrough curve (Figure 3). The modeling shortcoming, however, is still important to keep in mind.
Rapid Small Scale Column Tests
The final method for evaluating accelerated PFAS breakthrough data collection is through the
2. The PFOA breakthrough data from granular activated carbon collected at an intermediate sample port (P2) augmented using the Clark breakthrough model.
3. The PFPeA breakthrough from granular activated carbon data collected at sample ports with Clark breakthrough modeling used to predict effluent breakthrough, compared to experimental effluent data.
use of RSSCTs, which, as the name suggests, are both rapid and small, often using media beds that are less than 1 cm3 in volume with EBCTs of less than 1 minute. To accommodate this test, media is generally ground in accordance with the constant diffusivity model, shown in Equation 2. (Grieco et al., 2021; Zeng et al., 2020)
EBCTLC = dp,LC 2
EBCTSC dp,SC
out as part of this study was they enabled treatment of nearly 250,000 BVs in less than one week. While the RSSCT results from this study generally matched those generated from the pilot-scale test, the RSSCT results showed faster breakthrough to 10 percent c/c0 than was seen from the design EBCT, similar to results found from reduced EBCT results. Additionally, it was found that the IX resins tested in this study were not able to be ground as required for RSSCT evaluation, and ( )
Equation 2
The primary benefit to the RSSCTs carried
Continued on page 68
Figure
Figure
only GAC media were evaluated for RSSCT studies.
Further work needs to be done to evaluate the accuracy of RSSCTs for PFAS breakthrough testing on a larger number of media, as well as continued work for the development of an RSSCT protocol to evaluate IX resins.
References
• Bohart, G. S., and Adams, E. Q. (1920). Some aspects of the behavior of charcoal with respect to chlorine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 42(3), 523–544. https://doi.org/10.1021/ ja01448a018.
• Chow, S. J., Croll, H. C., Ojeda, N., Klamerus, J., Capelle, R., Oppenheimer, J., Jacangelo, J. G., Schwab, K. J., and Prasse, C. (2022). Comparative investigation of PFAS adsorption onto activated carbon and anion exchange resins during long-term operation of a pilot
treatment plant. Water Research, 226. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.119198.
• Clark, R. M. (1987). Evaluating the Cost and Performance of Field-Scale Granular Activated Carbon Systems. Environmental Science and Technology, 21(6), 573–580. https://doi. org/10.1021/es00160a008.
• Croll, H. C., Adelman, M. J., Chow, S. J., Schwab, K. J., Capelle, R., Oppenheimer, J., and Jacangelo, J. G. (2023). Fundamental kinetic constants for breakthrough of perand polyfluoroalkyl substances at varying empty bed contact times: Theoretical analysis and pilot-scale demonstration. Chemical Engineering Journal, 464. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142587.
• Grieco, S. A., Chang, J., Maio, E. Y., and Hwang, M. (2021). Comparing conventional and emerging adsorbents for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Kinetic, equilibrium, and column experiments. AWWA Water Science, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1256.
• Hu, Q., Xie, Y., and Zhang, Z. (2020). Modification of breakthrough models in a continuous-flow fixed-bed column: Mathematical characteristics of breakthrough curves and rate profiles. Separation and Purification Technology, 238(December 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. seppur.2019.116399.
• McCleaf, P., Englund, S., Östlund, A., Lindegren, K., Wiberg, K., and Ahrens, L. (2017). Removal efficiency of multiple poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water using granular activated carbon (GAC) and anion exchange (AE) column tests. Water Research, 120, 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. watres.2017.04.057.
• Zeng, C., Atkinson, A., Sharma, N., Ashani, H., Hjelmstad, A., Venkatesh, K., and Westerhoff, P. (2020). Removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from groundwaters using activated carbon and ion exchange resin packed columns. AWWA Water Science, 2(1). https://doi. org/10.1002/aws2.1172. S
Florida Celebrates Grand Opening of C-43 Reservoir, Major Milestone in Everglades Restoration
Gov. Ron DeSantis recently marked the official opening of the Caloosahatchee (C-43) Reservoir, one of the most significant Everglades restoration projects in Florida history. Joined by state, local, and environmental leaders, Gov. DeSantis celebrated the completion of the 10,000-acre reservoir that will improve water quality, protect coastal ecosystems, and expand Florida’s water storage capacity.
“During my time as governor, we have set new records for investing in conservation, water quality improvements, and Everglades restoration. This project will have an impact far beyond the Caloosahatchee. The C-43 Reservoir is a landmark achievement in our
broader mission to restore the Everglades, expand Florida’s water storage capacity, and leave this state better to God than we found it.”
Since taking office, Gov. DeSantis has made restoring the Everglades and improving water quality a cornerstone of his administration. On his second day in office, he issued Executive Order 19-12, which committed $2.5 billion over four years for water quality and Everglades projects. That goal was exceeded in his first term, with $3.3 billion invested—more than the previous 12 years combined. Nearly $8 billion has been invested since 2019 in Everglades restoration and water quality.
These investments are paying off:
S Florida has completed or broken ground on more than 75 Everglades restoration projects since 2019.
S Nutrient reductions now exceed 1.8 million pounds of nitrogen and 770,000 pounds of phosphorus annually.
S South Florida’s water storage capacity has tripled to 176 billion gallons.
S The C-43 Reservoir pump station, capable of moving 650,000 gallons per minute, is now fully operational.
Florida and the federal government share a 50/50 funding commitment for Everglades restoration. To accelerate progress and reduce costs for taxpayers, Florida has proposed taking the lead on completing certain federally authorized restoration projects. The state has already delivered significant progress on the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) Reservoir, breaking ground ahead of schedule and completing its portion of the project in 2024. Florida is continuing discussions with federal partners, including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to explore other options, such as updated agreements or a block grant that would allow the state to assume a greater implementation role moving forward. S
Operators Helping Operators: Supporting Compliance and Building Connections
Kevin Shopshire President, FWPCOA
ne of the greatest strengths of our water and wastewater profession is the spirit of collaboration that unites us. Regardless of the utility's size or the team's experience level, every operator at some point needs a helping hand. This is exactly why the FWPCOA’s Operators Helping Operators (OHO) Committee exists: to offer practical, onsite support and share knowledge so our members can continue providing safe and reliable services to their communities.
In recent months, the OHO Committee has been working diligently to respond to requests for
assistance across Florida. At the recommendation of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the committee was contacted to provide technical support for two correctional facility wastewater treatment plants that were facing challenges with meeting total nitrogen permit requirements.
Albert Bock, wastewater superintendent for the City of Panama City Beach and OHO Committee chair, led site visits with representatives from the Florida Rural Water Association. Together, they conducted in-depth assessments at the Northwest Correctional Facility in Chipley and the Jefferson Correctional Institution in Monticello. These visits included one-on-one discussions with operational staff, reviews of laboratory procedures, and troubleshooting of biological nutrient removal processes.
During follow-up conversations, operations staff reported that the recommendations
helped alleviate the uncertainty they felt when troubleshooting nitrogen levels, enabling them to adjust aeration settings and nitrate internal recirculation flows with greater confidence.
In both cases, the facilities were staffed by dedicated operators who were eager to improve their systems, but faced limitations due to aging instrumentation and a lack of timely inhouse testing data. To address these issues, the committee recommended acquiring upgraded laboratory equipment to improve analytical capabilities and support proactive process control. Facility staff members are now using the guidance provided to implement improvements into their daily plant operations.
This effort is just one example of how the OHO Committee can serve as a valuable resource to utilities of all sizes. Whether your team is dealing with compliance issues, operational troubleshooting, or wants to benchmark practices with peer facilities, the committee members are available to help.
If you or someone you know could benefit from technical assistance or would like to learn more about getting involved as an OHO Committee volunteer, please don’t hesitate to reach out. The FWPCOA is committed to fostering a culture where operators support operators—together, we all succeed.
For more information about the committee or to request assistance, visit our website at www. fwpcoa.org or contact Albert Bock at oho@ fwpcoa.org.
Let’s keep working together to build stronger systems and stronger professional relationships across our great state. S
NEW PRODUCTS
Test Yourself
What Do You Know About Disinfection?
Charlie Lee Martin Jr., Ph.D.
1. The compound that remains after breakpoint chlorination is a. chloramine.
b. chloroganic.
c. ammonia.
d. nitrite.
2. The disinfectant that is effective at oxidizing iron and manganese and does not leave objectionable taste and odor is a. chlorine.
b. chlorine dioxide.
c. chloramine.
d. none of the above.
3. The total chlorine residual includes the total concentration of chlorine that also includes a. inorganic chloramines.
b. organic chloramines.
c. free available chlorine.
d. all the above.
4. Chloramines residuals are reduced within drinking water used in dialysis treatments by a. activated carbon.
b. breakpoint chlorination. c. ozonation.
d. none of the above.
5. The chloramines that produce the least amount of taste and odor are a. monochloramines.
b. dichloramines.
c. trichloramines.
d. none of the above.
6. The reaction that takes place when chlorine dioxide reacts with water is
a. 2ClO2 + H2O → ClO2 + 2H+
b. Cl2 + H2S + O2- → S↓ + H2O + 2Cl-.
c. 2Cl2 + H2O ↔ HOCl + HCl.
d. none of the above.
7. The percentage of pathogens that can be removed by the process of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration is
a. 20 to 70 percent.
b. 20 to 90 percent.
c. 20 to 80 percent.
d. 90 to more than 99 percent.
8. The compound that is not considered a reducing agent is
a. CHCL3
b. Mn2+
c. NH3.
d. Fe2+
9. The disease that may be transmitted by pathogenic bacteria within drinking water is
a. anthrax.
b. shigellosis.
c. cholera.
d. all of the above.
10. The disease that may be caused by internal parasites within drinking water is a. infectious hepatitis.
b. typhoid fever.
c. ascariasis.
d. cholera.
Answers on page 78
References used for this quiz:
• Small Water System Operation and Maintenance, CSUS 6th Edition
the answer) or your exercise (with the solution) by email to: charmartin@msn.com
The MD50 Colorimeter from Lovibond combines a simple user interface with advanced optics to deliver the accurate and reliable results users require. With a total of 10 models, each for measuring a single parameter, the MD50 packs a lot of features into a durable, hand-held instrument. The MD50 series offers a comprehensive range of single parameter photometers that meet the most diverse needs of water treatment. With its language-free user interface based on icons and animations, it offers unparalleled ease of use. The robust design of the MD50 ensures that the instrument can withstand the toughest conditions in the field. (www. lovibond.com)
RThe HUBER Belt Dryer BT air flow system ensures that only the minimum required amount of drying air is blown through the dryer by the ventilators. In combination with the CFD-optimized dryer geometry, an extremely low electrical energy demand is achieved with this air flow system. The closed process air circulation system with integrated condensation stage reduces the exhaust air volume flow to 5,000 m³/h maximum and contributes to keeping down operating costs.
The dryer is designed for fully automatic 24/7 operation. All its core components are robust and made in Germany, with production at its U.S. manufacturing facility that began in 2024. Integrated automatic belt cleaning and the HUBER extruder guarantee a reliable and failure-free dryer operation. High safety standards and low drying temperatures of 70 to 150°C make the HUBER Belt Dryer BT so safe that all ATEX requirements are reliably met.
The electrical control system of the dryer responds fully automatically to external influences that could impair the complex drying process, eliminating the need for intervention by the operating staff. The dryer can easily be cleaned and maintained by a single worker.
Optional telemaintenance solutions are additionally available to enable system operators to monitor their drying plant from anywhere, or even control and operate it, if required, via an end device, such as PC, mobile phone, or tablet PC.
Consequent use of exhaust heat from processes, such as power generation from sewage gas or biogas, reduces operating costs and CO2 emissions. Optional heat recovery from the dryer (to heat buildings or digesters) also contributes to the sustainable Continmued on page 77
• Corrosion-resistant
• Easy to install
• Cost-effective
• Long lifespan Atkore – Heritage Plastics C900 is proudly made in the U.S.A.
Celebrate National Backflow Prevention Day
What is National Backflow Prevention Day?
The day is dedicated to the celebration of backflow prevention and cross connection control. Backflow preventers are the unsung heroes of water safety; they often go unnoticed, yet play a crucial role in supplying clean and safe water all over the world. Without backflow prevention, people would face the risk of using and consuming water with toxins, chemicals, waste, and countless other contaminants.
When does it take place?
The celebration takes place every year on August 16.
What is backflow?
Backflow occurs when water flows backward through a plumbing system, potentially introducing contaminants into the potable water supply. Backflow preventers are crucial devices that stop this reverse flow, safeguarding public health.
Why is this day celebrated or observed?
The purpose is to acknowledge the importance of backflow prevention, educate the public on how this life-saving technology is used, and recognize the water quality professionals responsible for installing, testing, and maintaining backflow preventers.
The day also serves as a reminder of one of the deadliest backflow incidents in history. On August 16, 1933, and the days that followed, nearly 100 people died and over 1,400 fell ill at the Chicago World’s Fair due to a cross connection between a potable and nonpotable water source. The sewer systems in the city were undersized and the large number of people attending the fair led to a contaminated water supply. Two of the main hotels used to house visitors had insufficient cross connection protection, resulting in ameobic dysentery that infected nearly every occupant of the hotels.
Who created this day?
It was created in March 2021 by Watts Water Technologies.
How should this day be celebrated or observed?
Celebrate by participating in the following:
S Thank your local plumbers and water quality professionals for their work and dedication.
S Attend official National Backflow Prevention Day virtual events.
S Locate a backflow preventer in your community, and share an image on social media.
S Share images of your utility’s own backflow and cross connection installs on social media. S
C L A S S I F I E D S
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Utilities Treatment Plant Operator I or Trainee
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$49,418 - $69,536/yr.
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Utilities System Operators I or Trainee
$44,823 - $63,071/yr. or $42,690 - $60,068/yr.
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Join the City of Plantation Utilities Team!
Licensed Field Technician I
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Operators
– Water and Wastewater
Looking to be part of the largest growing City in Central Florida, with awesome benefits and an incredible team? The City of Wildwood, Florida is searching for Water and Wastewater Operators. Salary range. Starting salary range: $48,000 - $56,000 depending on license – 10% additional for dual. Please apply online at www.wildwood-fl. gov or contact Marc Correnti at mcorrenti@wildwood-fl.gov
Lift Station Start-Up Technician
Lake Worth, FL
Atlantic Environmental Systems
Atlantic Environmental Systems, a leader in wastewater and stormwater pump station solutions, is seeking a skilled and motivated Lift Station Start-Up Technician to join our team. This role is responsible for the start-up, testing, troubleshooting, and commissioning of lift stations.
Key Responsibilities:
• Perform start-up and commissioning of new lift station installations.
• Verify proper system operation including pump rotation, electrical connections, instrumentation, and control panels.
• Conduct field testing and performance evaluations.
• Troubleshoot electrical and mechanical issues on-site.
• Communicate, coordinate, and schedule with contractors, engineers, and regulators.
• Provide detailed field reports, documentation, and punch lists.
• Train customers and end-users on system operations and maintenance.
• Ensure compliance with all safety procedures and company policies.
• Coordinate Team to perform field work as needed.
Qualifications:
• High school diploma or GED (technical training or associate degree preferred).
• 2+ years of experience with lift station or pump system installations, maintenance, or commissioning.
• Working knowledge of logic control panels.
• Familiarity with standard cell based telemetry and instrumentation a plus.
• Strong mechanical aptitude and problem-solving skills.
• Valid driver’s license and clean driving record.
• Ability to travel to job sites and work in varying environmental conditions.
Physical Requirements:
• Ability to lift up to 50 lbs.
• Stand, kneel, and climb for extended periods.
What We Offer:
• Excellent pay with bonus structure and benefits package
• Tools, PPE, and training provided
• Opportunities for advancement and technical growth
• A supportive and safety-focused team environment
How to Apply:
Submit your resume and a brief cover letter outlining your experience and interest to Bonnie at bonnie@emops.com.
Okeechobee Utility WWTP Supervisor
Information regarding job description, salary, benefits go to www.ouafl.com or email: hrmanager@ouafl.com
City of Melbourne, Operations Supervisor
Reverse Osmosis and Actiflo Surface Water Treatment Plants
Must possess a Class A Drinking Water Treatment Operator License with a minimum of two (2) years in the supervisory capacity of a Class A water treatment facility. Learn more and apply online at www.melbourneflorida.org https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/melbourneflorida
Chief Wastewater Operator
Looking to be part of the largest growing City in Central Florida and participate in the grand opening of a new wastewater treatment plant? The City of Wildwood, Florida is searching for Chief Wastewater Operator to manage our wastewater plant operators. Class A operator license preferred plus 5 years experience. Starting salary range: $64,000 - $72,000. Please apply online at www.wildwood-fl.gov or contact Marc Correnti at mcorrenti@wildwood-fl.gov
Join the City of Plantation Utilities Team!
Now hiring a Utilities Plant Mechanic I -Class C Make a difference in your community Apply today! WWW.Plantation.org
City of New Port Richey –Multiple Positions Available
Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator “A,B,C or Trainee”, Wastewater Treatment Plant Mechanic II, Water Production Plant Operator and others.
Please visit our website for complete job descriptions and to apply online.
protection of the environment. The dry granulate produced by the dryer can be used both as fuel and fertilizer.
The dryer represents state-of-the-art technology of sewage sludge drying. Maximum energy efficiency, full automation, and flexible use of exhaust heat guarantee low operating costs and easy system operation. The dryer can also be integrated into existing installations and process plants. Various components of peripheral plant equipment ensure maximum flexibility and can be selected to meet specific requirements. (www.huber.com) R
The stainless steel range of OZ Lifting Products is designed for use in corrosive environments. The centerpiece of the line is the stainless steel chain hoist, which is lightweight— meaning minimal effort is required to lift loads—yet durable enough for industry’s most demanding applications. The hoists feature fully enclosed gearing, a fully machined lift wheel, a weatherproof holding brake, roller bearings on all gears and shafts, and forged stainless steel hooks with safety latches. Chain hoists, like the trolleys, are available in 1/2, 1-, and 2-ton capacities. The stainless push beam trolley fits most I, S, and W beams and has precision ball-bearing trolley wheels. The beam clamps are available in 1- and 2-ton capacities. All products in the line are made from 304 stainless steel and come with individual test certificates and serial numbers. (www.ozliftingproducts.com)
R
The DERAGGER+ is an intelligent control system by Industrial Flow Solutions designed to eliminate ragging and clogging issues in pump stations. The DERAGGER+ is revolutionizing how utilities handle FOG-related blockages. Unlike traditional methods, the DERAGGER+ takes a proactive approach, using patented low-voltage technology to detect and prevent blockages in real time. This reduces unplanned downtime and helps avoid sewage overflows and their associated environmental and financial consequences.
The DERAGGER+ has advanced diagnostics and power monitoring capabilities. It continuously tracks performance, storing over 170 timestamped events, alarms, and trips, which provides operators with a detailed view of how the pumps are functioning. With a full year of downloadable operational data, workers can make informed maintenance decisions, identify trends, and optimize pump-up time across their networks.
The DERAGGER+ is designed with flexibility in mind. Its compact 1.37-inch width allows for simple retrofitting into existing control panels. Whether working with direct-online, star/delta, soft start, or variable speed drive systems, this solution plugs in seamlessly, adapting to pumping stations of all sizes—from small sites to major infrastructure.
By integrating the DERAGGER+ into their networks, water utilities and municipalities can significantly reduce manual interventions and reactive maintenance, lowering operational costs and enhancing environmental compliance. (www.flowsolutions.com) S
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September..........Emerging Issues; Water Resources Management
October ..............New Facilities, Expansions, and Upgrades
November...........Water Treatment
December ...........Distribution and Collection
Technical articles are usually scheduled several months in advance and are due 60 days before the issue month (for example, January 1 for the March issue).
The closing date for display ad and directory card reservations, notices, announcements, upcoming events, and everything else including classified ads, is 30 days before the issue month (for example, September 1 for the October issue).
For further information on submittal requirements, guidelines for writers, advertising rates and conditions, and ad dimensions, as well as the most recent notices, announcements, and classified advertisements, go to www.fwrj.com or call 352-241-6006.
Continued from page 72
1. B) chlororganic.
The compounds that remain after breakpoint chlorination are chlororganics.
2. B) chlorine dioxide. The disinfectant that is effective at oxidizing iron and manganese and does not leave objectionable taste and odor is chlorine dioxide.
3. D) all of the above.
The total chlorine residual includes the total concentration of chlorine that includes inorganic chloramines, organic chloramines, and free available chlorine.
4. A) activated carbon. Chloramines residuals are reduced within drinking water used in dialysis treatments by activated carbon.
5. A) monochloramines. The chloramines that produce the least amount of taste and odor are monochloramines.
6. A) 2ClO2 + H2O → ClO-2 + 2H+.
The reaction that takes place when chlorine dioxide reacts with water is 2ClO2 + H2O → ClO-2 + 2H+
7. D) 90 to more than 99 percent. The percentage of pathogens that can be removed by the processes of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration is 90 to more than 99 percent.
8. A) CHCL3.
The compound that is not considered a reducing agent is CHCL3 (chloroform).
9. D) all of the above.
The diseases that may be transmitted by pathogenic bacteria within drinking water are anthrax, shigellosis, and cholera.
10. C) ascariasis.
The disease that may be caused by internal parasites within drinking water is ascariasis.
