Encyclopedia of the Philippines [Volume 9 : Builders of the New Philippines - Part 2 of 2

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Philippines to World's Sunday School Convention, Glasgow, Scotland; 1924 to 1925, student work in Laoag, Ilocos Norte; 1928, sent to meeting of International Missionary Council at Jerusalem by Protestant Churches of the Islands; 1925 to 1929, head, Old Testament Department ill Union Theological Seminary; Pastor Taft Avenue Church; Instructor, Theory and Practice of Preaching at Union Theological Seminary; also Vice-president and for two years acting president of the Seminary; 1929 to 1930, graduate study, University of Chicago; 1930, pastor of Taft Avenue Church until 1932; Associate pastor, the United Church, of Manila, from 1932 to 1934; pulpit minister, Central Student Church, 1934; acting pastor, Union Church of Mani!a, 1935; instructor, Theory and Practice of Preaching, Union Theological Seminary; Vice-president, Acting Agency Secretary, Philippine Agency, American Bible Society, 1932 to 1934; 1935 to 1936, Acting President, Union Theological Seminary; 1930 to 1936, Executive Secretary, National Christian Council of the Philippine Islands.

He worked in 40 provinces, and is Editor of the National Christian Council Bulletin; author, "Jesus and National Aspirations," 1928.

P. Solicitor General, Bureau of Justice. The son of Mariano Hilado and Dolores de Paula Hilado, he was born on March 17, 1890, in Silay, Occidental Negros. He got his early training from a local school in his home town, and finished his high school in the Provincial High School of Bacolod in 1909. In the same year, he came to Manila and enrolled in the Normal School. The following year, he studied in the Y. M. C. A. law school, conducted by Mr. Justice Malcolm. When the College of Law was organized in the state university, he transferred to the latter college where he obtained his LL.B. After passing the bar, he HILADO, SERAFIN

291

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES went to the University of Michigan as a fellow of the Uni. versity of the Philippines, and worked for his Master of Law degree.

On his return to the Philippines, Mr. Hilado taught in the College of Law, University of the Philippines, until 1917, when he left his position to take up the practice of law . . In 1922 he was elected Representative, and he served in the House of Representatives up to 1928. In 1929 he was appointed Judge, but was in the same year named Director of the Bureau of Lands. On February 11, 1933, he was appointed Solicitor General of the Philippines.

HILARIO, CEFERINO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-Sixth Judicial District, Davao and Cotabato.

He is 47 years old, born in San Fernando, Pampanga, admitted to the Philippine bar in 1919. Immediately after his work as Representative of Pampanga to the former House of Representatives, he was appointed to the Judi. ciary on February 1, 1933.

HILARIO, JOSE M.

Deputy Collector, Bureau of Internal Revenue. "Mr. Hilario who is a native of Batangas," wrote .the PhilVppine Forum, "has long served the government in the Internal Revenue Office where he now occupies the position of Deputy Collector to which position he was appointed on January 1, 1935. Mr. Hilario is a product of the Univer路 sity of the Philippines where he secured his A.B. degree in 1914. He obtained his M.A. degree from Columbia Uni路 versity in 1920. He has served as Secretary to the Joint Legislative Committee on Taxation and also of the Manila Tax Committee."

292

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES HILARIO, ZOlLO

Lawyer and Poet. He was born in the barrio of San Juan, municipality of San Fernando, Pampanga, on June 27, 1892. He grew in the town of Bacolor and studied in the school of Hilarion Caniza of Dagupan, Pangasinan, and later in the school of M. Joaquin of Bacolor. He then transferred to the Liceo de Manila where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts. He finished his legal career in the Escuela de Derecho and in 1911 passed the bar examinations.

He was elected councilor of his native town and acted from 1925 to 1931 as 8ecretary of the Provincial Board of Pampanga. In 1931 he presented his candidacy as representative for the second district of his province and won in the elections. In the poetic contest held in the Casino Espanol in Iloilo in 1917, he was crowned for his poem "Alma Espanola." He has written two volumes of poems: Adelfas and Patria y Redencion. He was member of the literary club Jardin de Epicuro founded by the late, F. M. Guerrero.

He was also crowned poet in Pampango for his poem "lng Babai." The editor of El Imparcial of Pampanga and later of El Paladin, he contributed to various newspapers in Manila and Pampanga. He was founder and Chief of fraternities, Katipunan Mipanampun and Laborantes Civicos.

HIND, ROBERT RENTON

Corporation Executive and Promoter of sugar central enterprises and consulting sugar house engineer in the Philippines.

Mr. Hind is a man of big enterprises. He has a genius for organization. Was it not he who first built the biggest sugar central in the Orient, The Pampanga Sugar Mills at Del Carmen, Pampanga, and who made the people here centrifugal-sugar-minded?

293

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was born on December 7, 1885, at Kohala, Hawaii, the son of John and Ella (Renton) Hind. In 1908 he married Eleanor Estill Jones at San Rafael, California, the land of sunkist oranges.

He got his early education at Mt. Tamalpais Military Academy, and then at Stanford University. Later he became an apprentice machinist at the Risdon Iron Works in San Francisco, California.

He inherited his engineering and organizing pioneer spirit from his family who were pioneers in the sugar industry.

Although a good business man and executive, still Mr. Hind will be remembered by the people of the Philippines as the leader in the sugar-central industry, the organizer and founder of such sugar centrals as the Pampanga Sugar Mills, Inc., the Bataan Sugar Co., Inc., the Central Luzon Milling Co., Inc., the Luzon Sugar Co., Inc., Mount Arayat Sugar Co., Inc., Ormoc Sugar Co., Inc., the Hind Sugar Co., Inc., and the Mariquina Valley Sugar Co., Inc. Besides being a writer, he is also an authority on the operation of sugar factories, as his book "Heat Conservation in Sugar Factories" testifies.

Mr. Hind began to get his experience with the Hawi Mill and Plantation Co. of Hawaii, during the years 1908 until 1912, as chief engineer; and until 1915 he was chief mill engineer for the Ewa Plantation Co. He was the consulting engineer for the Honolulu Iron Works Co. and for the American Factors, Ltd., during 1915 until 1918, and then the general manager of the Pampanga Sugar Mills until 1925.

He was the president of the Philippine Steam Navigation Co. and the first president of the Philippine Sugar Association, and one of the founders and editors of the "Sugar News."

294

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Hind is a member of the Hilo Lodge No. 759, B.P. O.E., Honolulu Lodge No. 409, F. & A.M., Royal Arch Masons and Far East Commandery at Manila and Nile Temple, A.A.O.N.M.S., Society of Mechanical Engineers, University, Army & Navy, and Wack Wack Golf and Country Clubs.

Mr. Hind is a man of broad faculties, endowed with a farseeing vision, a man who combines dream with realization as seen in his pioneering work on sugar central enterprises in the Philippines which speak loudly for his contribution to tne economic progress and prosperity of the Archipelago.

Once he said: "When a work is begun, it must be finished come what may. Success lies in doing and daring -in realizing what you dream."

HIZON, PRIMO

Chemist and owner of the first business chemical laboratory in the Philippines.

Mr. Hizon is a native of Mexico, Pampanga, born on February 9, 1872, the son of Atanasio Hizon and Aniceta Hipolito, and brother of the historic rebel, General Maximino Hizon.

Educated at the private school of Don Vicente Quirino in San Fernando, Pampanga, at the San Juan de Letran College, A.B., and at the University of Santo Tomas, Pharmaceutical Chemist, in 1895, Mr. Hizon began his life's work with the Botica de San Fernando in 1896 and went to Manila in 1903. In Manila he opened his own drug store, the Farmacia Hizon, and also established his famous Laboratorio Hizon.

"Mr. Hizon, how did you become a pioneer in your line ?"

"It is a long and an old story," he smiled complacently, "for it commenced during the Revolution. I had to 295

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES help my brother in his work and furnish medicine and other necessary things. So I thought of experimenting and sterilizing war materials. I was the first to work on the analysis of 5100d, stool and sputum ... " Mr. Hizon is famous for his ampoules and capsules.

A long time ago when certain imported ampoules cost P8.00 a box, there was shortage in the city. What he did was to manufacture them locally at P2.50 a box. Since 1903, he calculated, the Islands must have saved six million pesos worth in ampoules.

In one of the Philippine Carnival's fairs, his famous product, "Smilaxir," a medicine for appendicitis, won first prize. He has other pharmaceutical products too and prepares certain prescriptions of famous physicians. His laboratory won recently the first prize during the Pharmacy Week.

Mr. Hizon said, "vVe must help in the economic development of the Philip\ines." He is also a research worker.

Studying the present depression, he believes that abaca can be turned into very useful materials and coconut into excellent food. "As science progresses it reveals to us amazing facts and realities hitherto unknQwn," he stated. "It unfolds before our intellectual vision the hidden secrets of life. And for the first time we learn that from the coconut we can produce an ideal human food material which can feed millions of people. This is the latest chemical revelation of Science in the coconut industry."

HOCSON y VALENZUELA, FELIX

Pharmacist and Dentist; Head of the Pharmacy Departments of the University of the Philippines and of the Philippine General Hospital.

Dr. Hocson was born on the 2nd day of May, 1884, in Manila, the son of Dionisio Hocson and Margarita Valen~ zuela.

296

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He learned his letters at the Ateneo de Manila, and later studied at the Philippine Dental College where he 01>taind his D.D.S., also at the University of Michigan, where he obtained his Ph.C., and the University of Santo Tomas, where he obtained his Ph.D. He was the 1931 President of the Club Filipino, one of the most exclusive clubs of the city. He is also member of the Sociedad de Tiro al Blanco, Philippine Columbian Association, Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico, Philippine Society of Stomatologists, and National Dental Association.

Dr. Hocson, courteous and complacent, has traveled extensively around the world. "I like traveling. It keeps me abreast with the times and the progress of the scientific world. Does it not make people feel young and fit for bigger objectives?"

The ex-President of Manila's smart set society said about life in generaJ: "Life is short. So why not sing while you work and smile while you play?" And the smile on his beaming face gave him the appearance of a schoolboy.

"Society is the very heart of life. Why not mingle with it freely and help make others happy?"

HONTIVEROS, JOSE

Judge, CoUrt of Appeals. Commented the H~ald: "Jose Hontiveros was born in Tangalan, Capiz, on March 19, 1889, the son of Leon Hontiveros and Genoveva Miraflores. He first studied in the Colegio de N uestra Senora del Rosario and then in tne Liceo de Manila.

"Later he studied law in the University of Sto. Tomas where he graduated cum laude in 1911. In the same year, he was also a topnotcher in the bar examinations.

He then practiced law and became a member of the law firm of Montinola and Hontiveros from 1919 to 1924 and 297

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of the law firm of Hontiveros, Abeto and Tirol from 1929 until its dissolution.

"In 1913 he was justice of the peace of Capiz, Capiz; provincial governor of Capiz from 1916 to 1919; senator of the seventh senatorial district from 1922 to 1928; auxiliary judge of first instance from 1929 to 1931; judge of first instance of the 19th judicial district from 1931 to 1933 and judge of the 22nd judicial district from 1933 to 1934. He was a distinguished member of the Constitutional Convention.

"During the last few years he practiced his profession in Manila. He is a student of arts and letters."

HORILLENO, ANTONIO

Judge, Court of Appeals. The Herald said: "Judge Antonio Horilleno is the present dean of judges in the court of first installce of Manila. He was judge of first instance in the south when he was called to Manila to preside over the first branch of the court. He served in many courts of first instance in the Visayas and Mindanao. He was one time considered for the portfolio of secretary of justice.

"He was born on January 13, 1878, in La Paz, Iloilo.

He married Dolores Gray in 1907. They have six children.

He took his early education at the Escuela Camun, a public school equivalent to the present primary and intermediate schools. He then studied at the Seminary of J aro under the Padres Paules and finished his high school in 1896 in that institution.

"Troubles brought by the Philippine revolution interrupted his studies. Then later he was brought by a generous uncle to Manila where he could pursue his studies.

He enrolled in the old Escuela de Derecho and finished law in 1907. He was admitted to the bar the same year.

298

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES "He practiced law until 1913 when he was appointed provincial fiscal of Antique. Two years later he became provincial fiscal of Cebu. In another two years, he was appointed auxiliary judge in the court of first instance of Zamboanga. He was shortly later appointed full judge of the same court. He remained there until he was transferred to Manila.

"With all his work in the judiciary he still finds time to devote to his love of art and literature."

HOYER, ARTHUR

Vice-President and Resident Manager, Manila Gas Corporation. He was born on November 30, 1885, in Merseburg, Germany, the son of Hugo and Elisa (Sander) Hoyer. In Germany, he received his training in commerce and in banking. Before coming to the Philippines, Mr. Hoyer was the commercial manager of the installation of a waterworks system in Holland. He came to the Islands on April 24, 1912, with the staff of the construction finn that built the present plant of the Manila Gas Corporation.

Mr. Hoyer is member of the German Club, the Manila Polo Club, the Manila Golf Club, the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, and the R0tary Club. He is treasurer of the American-European Y. M. C. A., and Director of the Manila Symphony Society.

A. "A Soldier and a Lawyer," as the Free Press dubbed him, General John A. Hull, formerly Chief Legal Adviser to the Governor-General, was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands.

The coming of this picturesque man to the Philippines is a story of adventure. It was when the newspapers of America flashed Admiral Dewey's victory in Manila Bay. The young lawyer in Des Moines, State of Iowa, read the HULL, JOHN

299

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES news, and like many an ambitious and adventurous youth he was thrilled and his decision of coming to the Islands became the turning-point of his life.

Mr. Hull w.as born in Bloomfield, Iowa, on August 7, 1874. He is a product of the Uni-versity of Iowa with an LL.B. degree.

When war broke out with Spain he was with the Iowa National Guard as a captain, and was later made lieutenantcolonel, and judge advocate, U. S. Volunteers.

On March 3, 1899, he first landed on Philippine soil with Co. A, 51st Iowa Volunteers. Later he w.as designated judge of the superior provost court. He took part in the taking of what is now Fort McKinley. But the great work of General Hull was as chairman of the liquidation commission in carrying out the provisions of the Treaty of Paris, and this gave him an invaluable experience in government busil!1ess and administration. It was he who organized the old bureau of archives, now a division of the national library.

In 1900, as a major of the regular army, he went to the United States and after four years work he returned to Manila as lieutenant-colonel, judge advocate, and his main work was for two years to settle church claims路 throughout the Islands, and he was responsible for the titling of the Army's land reservations.

In 1913 he received the rank of colonel, judge advocate, and when the World War broke out, he became legal adviser to Governor-General Harrison on international affairs.

In 1915 Colonel Hull was in the United States. He found himself again taking part in the stirring events of the World War. In France he served for more than a year, for which he was decorated with the Distinguished Service Medal by the United States, the order of St. Michael 300

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES and St. George by Great Britain, the order of the White Eagle by Serbia, and the officer's cross of the Legion of Honor by France. Returning to America he was appointed chairman of the war claims in Washington on account of his former experience in the Islands. He was appointed in 1923 acting judge advocate general, serving as advocate general, 1924-1928, with the rank of major general. In 1928 General Hull retired after a long and fruitful career of brilliant military and legal service. But Governor-General Davis brought him back to the Islands as his chief legal adviser. And now the General is a retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (1935) .

HYDE, EDWARD R.

Dean, Professor and Head of the Department of Engineering, University of the Philippines. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on June 28, 1883. He is holder of B.S. degree, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1906.

From 1906 to 1911, he was assistant engineer in Fore River Ship Building Co., Massachusetts, and from 1911 to 1913, he was resident engineer of the Massachusetts Highway Commission, but from 1916 to 1918, he was with the Bureau of Public Works, Manila; 1918 to 1919, Captain of Engineers of the United States Army; 1919 to 1921, Bureau of Public Works, Manila; 1921, Professor and Dean, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines.

Mr. Hyde is a Charter Member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands and member of the Philippine Scientific Society.

A. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.

IMPERIAL, CARLOS

301

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Lawyer, legislator and jurist of a high order he was born in Albay, Albay, on November 4, 1880, the son of Paciano Imperial and J osefa Duran.

Young Carlos had made it his wish since early childhood to be a lawyer. Success in any undertaking is always like that. There must be an ambition-a goal-to make good in any career. Determined to carve his own destiny in life, he made his way in college by becoming a merchant. Then with his savings he pursued his studies in law. Later he registered at the office of the Clerk of the Court of First Instance of Albay. He continued his studies at the Escuela de Derecho de Manila and the University of Sto. Tomas. And in 1902 he was admitted as a full-fledged lawyer to the Philippine bar.

Mr. Imperial became a member of the First Philippine Assembly in 1914. Later he served as Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice and Municipal Judge of Manila.

He also acted as Judge of the Court of First Instance in the provinces of Iloilo, Cebu, Bataan, Zambales, Tayabas and Manila in 1920.

Recognizing the ability of Judge Imperial as a jurist, Governor-General Davis appointed him in 1931 as a temporary Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, and President Hoover nominated him to the enlarged Supreme Court. .

Calm, thoughtful and considerate, Judge Imperial is, after all, a self-made man. His youthful ambition has been realized-to be a lawyer; for he is more than tliat nowa justice in the highest tribunal of the Islands!

He married Rosario Boncan in 1910, and by the union he has a son, Filemon A. Imperial. He is a member of the Club Filipino and the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club.

Such a life which is rich with colorful experience, and example can not doubt be the symbol of some happy 302

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES thought. With his lucid philosophy Justice Imperial said serenely: "A man is successful in any line when he feels happy where he works. When a man loves his work he can, I am sure, do something useful to himself and to others."

IMPERIAL, DOMINGO

Judge, Court of Appeals. Commented the He'rald: "Domingo Imperial is reputed as one of the best bets of the Bicol region. He was born on August 4, 1890, in Daraga, Albay, the son of David Imperial and Lena Fernandez.

He studied in the San Beda College and later in the defunct Liceo de Manila.

"He later shifted to the University of Sto. Tomas where he obtained his degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then studied law in La Escuela Jurisprudencia finishing it 'in 1912. In the same year, he obtained first place when he passed the bar. Then from 1907 to 1908 he taught in the Nuestra Senora del Rosario College and in the Colegio Mercantil, now the National University.

"After finishing law, he established his law office in his home province. Later he joined the law fir'm of Imperial and Surtida. In 1934 he was elected senator of the Bicol provinces under the anti banner. In the Senate he was chairman of the committee on appointments and navigation, and member of the committees on public lands, election and privileges, banks, corporations, public works and communications, railroad, justice and civil service."

F. SAMSON Provincial Governor of Albay and Engineer. Son of Elias Imperial and Feliza Samson, he was born in Legaspi, Albay, on March 14, 1893. He finished the intermediate grades in the public school and graduated from the San Juan de Letran College, Manila, and obtained his A.B. IMPERIAL, JOSE

303

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES and his M.S.C.E. from the University of Santo Tomas.

He held the post of District Engineer in Sorsogon. At present he is the Provincial Governor of Albay.

His philosophy of life is the following: "Give unto Caesar what is Caesar's and to God what is God's."

INGERSOLL, FRANK BASSETT

Lawyer and Business Executive. Called the "Czar of the Philippine Baseball" he was President of the Philippine Baseball League and director of the Philippine Tourist Association.

A quiet but indefatigable worker, a person of keen judgment, and a lawyer of prominence, Judge Ingersoll is one of the well known figures in the city of Manila.

Judge Ingersoll was born at Greenville, Tennessee, U.S.A., on November 29, 1866, son of Ansel Bassett Ingersoll and Miranda Reed Ingersoll.

He was educated in the city schools of Knoxville, Tennessee, and in the University of Tennessee where he graduated in June, 1886, with the degree of A.B. In 'June, 1889, he was admitted to the bar.

He practised his profession in Seattle, Washington, and was elected Judge of Seattle in 1896.

In the Philippines, Judge Ingersoll held the positions of Prosecuting Attorney and Municipal Judge of the city of Manila. He has practised law in Manila from 1905 to date. He has specialized in recent years in corporation, mining and land laws.

The Judge was a member of the Executive Council of the Boy Scouts of America and of the Board of Philippine Censors For Moving Pictures; also member of these clubs ~University, Army & Navy, Polo, Wack Wack, and Rotary.

In nature silent and sincere, in action modest and unassuming, Judge Ingersoll's life is, in private and in pub304

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES lie, an open book, for he is a man of the world, a real Rotarian.

"Give the best you have to those whose interests are confided to you, and in your dealings with men observe the Golden Rule."

And the Golden Rule has been and always will be the only rule which makes men servers and leaders.

INTING, BERNARDINO

Lawyer. Mr. Inting was born in Tagbilaran, Bohol, on May 20, 1899, the son of Eustaquio Inting and Gregoria Kibir, and educated in the public schools of Bohol, in the Far Eastern College (now the Far Eastern University), and in the National La!w College, University of Manila, where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1926.

Messenger and then clerk in the University of the Philippines, and later clerk in the House of Representatives, Mr. Inting is indeed the self-made man who rose to member of the provincial board, became acting Governor of Bohol, and later Delegate from the first district of Bohol to the Constitutional Convention in 1934. He is the president of the Tagbilaran Rural Credit Association, founder and director of the Bohol Business College, and author of a Bisayan book, Bohol Ug Mga Boholanon.

F. Farmer and Miner. Born in Bontoc in 1890 and the son of Moga and Lapo, Mr. Irving was educated in the primary school of Bontoc, the Paco Intermediate School, Manila, and the Manila High School where he graduated in 1918. He was teacher for the school year 1918-1919, municipal treasurer in 1920, member of the provincial board of the Mountain Province from 1924 to 1928, Reprepresentative from 1928 to 1931, and Delegate from Bontoc to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

IRVING, CLEMENT

305

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES JACINTO, ALFREDO VICTORIANO

Provincial Treasurer of Cebu. Born on March 23, 1891, in the municipality of Gapan, Nueva Ecija; son of Gervasio R. Jacinto and Ramona Lim; Filipino citizen, Roman Catholic; married to the former Miss Venancia Yuson. He was educated in the Primary School of Gapan, Nueva Ecija; attended the elementary school of the same town until 1906, enrolled in the Nueva Ecija High School and later transferred to the Liceo Filipino in Manila where he pursued partly his secondary education. He obtained the title of Associate in Arts from the College of Liberal Arts of the Visayan Institute, Cebu, and studied law in the College of Law, Visayan Institute.

Treasurer Jacinto has various positions of trust and responsibility. He was a Clerk, Property Clerk, Record Clerk and Accountant in the Bureau of Civil Service, Manila; promoted later to the position of ChIef Clerk and Deputy Provincial Treasurer in the office of the Provincial Treasurer of Bulacan as a result of his qualification in the first grade examination in 1918, in which he obtained the highest average; subsequently transferred to the same position in the provinces of Leyte and Pangasinan; then given a rousing start as City Treasurer of Baguio on May 23, 1921; promoted on January 9, 1925, as Provincial Treasurer of La Union Province, and on February 27, 1930, was again promoted to his present position as Provincial Treasurer of Cebu. Mr. Jacinto is a member of the Provincial Treasurers' Association, a Philippine-wide organization of Provincial Treasurers, and a holder of a certificate of Public Accountant issued by the government Board of Accountancy.

JACINTO, NICANOR

Doctor of Medicine. He was born in 1886 in Malolos, Bulacan. He studied in the University of Santo Tomas 306

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES where lie obtained his M.D. degree in 1911. Associate professor of Surgery in the Sto. Tomas University, Dr. Jacinto is member of the Manila Medical Society; Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas; associate member, National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. At present, he is physician and surgeon and sub-director of the San Juan de Dios Hospital, and professorial lecturer of medicine, University of Sto. Tomas. He is also first president of the National Rice Growers' Association.

JACOBE, CAYETANO

Virtuoso, Violin Teacher, Conductor and Composer.

Municipal President of his hometown, Lumbang, Laguna.

Born in Lumbang, Laguna, on August 7, 1876. He was professor of violin in the Conservatory of Music, University of the Philippines, from 1916 to 1931; conductor of band and orchestra for many years in Pagsanjan, Laguna, and Kawit, Cavite; taught in many prominent colleges in Manila. His well-known compositions are: Mabuh,a;y amg Filipinas and Ang Tatlong MOtriGJ, operettas; Polka de Concierto, for full orchestra; Mazurka de Uoncierto and Song of the Beggar, for violin and piano.

JAMES, CLARK

Provincial Treasurer of Pangasinan. The son of David James and Mary Jane Batton James, he was born in McKinney, Collin County, Texas. When he was 15, his parents moved to Haskel, Texas, where he lived and worked on a horse and cattle ranch as a cowboy in the spring and summer, going to school in winter until he reached the age of 19 when he moved to Floyd County on the Staked Plains of Texas. He began teaching in a country school at 19.

Later he entered Baylor University, Waco, Texas, in 1892 and graduated in 1896 with the degrees of Bachelor of 307

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Literature and Bachelor of Oratory. After graduation, he was Principal of the Chico Institute for one year and was two years Superintendent of the Caldwell, Texas, City Schools. In 1899, he was admitted to the Bar and practised law until 1904. He took the Teacher Examination for the Philippine service and came to the Islands in 1904.

He taught three years in Nueva Ecija, and then transferred to the Provincial Treasurer's office in Pampanga in June, 1907. He has acted as Provincial Treasurer of Pampanga and Batangas and Provincial Treasurer of Misamis, Bohol, Rizal, Bulacan and lastly, in Pangasinan, where he is still serving as Treasurer since 1918. He passed the bar examinations in 1909, but has never practised law in the Islands. Mr. Clark believes in "One should hide his sQrrows and try always to be cheerful in order to make others happy and attain one's contentment."

JAMES, MARCIAN

President of De La Salle College, one of the most efficient centers of learning in the city of Manila.

Born in Ireland, this brother joined the Society of the Brotherhood of the Christian Schools in view of helping in the great work of Christian Education.

In 1903 he volunteered for service in the Colleges of the Far East in view of the great importance of true education in those countries, profoundly convinced that the only lasting remedy for the ills of society is to be found in a real, thorough Christian Education.

Brother Marcian considers the system of St. John the BaptIst de la Salle as admirably adapted to the needs of youth in these countries. He is a contributor to this Encyclopedia.

"One of the greatest dangers to society at the present time is lack of respect for authority. This can be remedied 308

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES only by a system of education in which the central truth is that all authority is from God and that those who undertake the education of the youth must be deeply convinced of their own personal responsibility to the Almighty Who alone is the Author of Life and Who will demand a strict accounting of the manner in which it is spent."

The speaker paused, and from his actions one feels the radiating power of abiding faith emanating from conviction born of the spirit that knows no defeat, because it marches on eternally to victory. He continued: "If this truth is brought home to the mass of the people there will be a solid foundation laid for true Progress and Peace."

With this kind of leadership De La Salle College shall continue to advance forward in the Christian Education of the flower of the land.

Is not the most truthful education the most religious, and the most religious the most beautiful?

Truly, that old English proverb, describes fittingly the one motive of Rev. Marcian's life"Count that day lost whose low descending sun Views from thy hand no worthy action done."

JAM'ORA, CELSO B.

Practising Attorney. Born on May 9, 1901, in SHay, Occidental N egros, and the son of Felix J amora and Anacleta Benedicto, he attended the SHay Primary School, the Kabankalan Elementary School, and the Iloilo High School.

He finished the law course at the Philippine Law School, National University, and passed the bar examinations.

Then he engaged in the practice of his profession. Attorney J amora is a success as a practising attorney-the attorney of two big publishing corporations; namely, the Lawyer's Cooperative Publishing Company and the Associated 309

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Publishers. He is member of the Knights of Columbus and the Kahirup Club. His philosophy of life is "To serve others."

JARA-MARTINEZ, JOSEFA

Social Welfare Worker; Executive Secretary, Young Women's Christian Association.

They call her "the highest paid member of her sex in the employ of the Government." She is mother to countless waifs and children, motherless and friendless, in various institutions. One of the foremost social workers of the Philippines.

Mrs. J osefa J ara Martinez was the secretary of the Asociacion de Damas Filipinas, Welfare Workers Club of the Philippines, chief of the Dependent Children division of the Public Welfare Commission, and president of the board of directors of the Y;oung Women's Christian Association.

Born in an old rotten schoolhouse in Mandurriao, Iloilo, Mrs. J ara-Martinez is the daughter of a retired woman school teacher and a civic-spirited man who had inculcated in her youth the true spirit of a Christian life of service and of love in this glen of tears. Her father took a leading part in her town's history. For two years he was president of said smaJl municipality which grew and progressed under his administration.

After studying in her home town, she went in 1908 to the city of Manila so as to pursue the nursing career. A year later young J osefa continued her studies at the Iloilo High School and later was appointed a pensionada to the Philippine Normal School. She returned in 1912 to Iloilo to teach. Fifteen years after she became chief of the Dependent Children Division of the Public Welfare Commissioner's office. Thus from 500-peso salary a year as teach310

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES er, Mrs. Martinez has risen to 5,OOO-peso a year, as social welfare worker, the highest salary enjoyed by no other Filipino woman than she in the government service.

Her lucky break came about this way. While teaching at the Normal School she was offered a scholarship to take up social work in the United States. So for two years she studied in New York School of Social Work where she completed her studies and returned to the Islands in 1921 in order to work with the newly-created Public Welfare Commission office. She was also assigned to take charge of the Associated Charities; became special agent in her former office; traveled in different provinces and organized puericulture centers, and did social work surveys While working in Iloilo and Cebu, she was recalled to Manila and was appointed chief of the Dependent Children Division. Dr. Fab~lla said that Mrs. Martinez had shown in her work admirable ability and remarkable efficiency.

Mrs. Martinez was secretary of the Asociacion de Damas Filipinas and member of the board of directors of the Associated Charities, and now on the board of management of the Abiertas House of Friendship. For five consecutive terms she was president of the Young Women's Christian Association.

To make better men and women. Such is the passion of Mrs. Martinez's life. Mrs. Martinez is the wife of Mr. Rufino Martinez, an engineer. She is now 42 years old.

"To give others a chance." "Ever ready to help others." "Look at the brighter side of life." That is why she succeeded.

A leader in her line of social work and service, Mrs. Josefa Jara-Martinez is a woman with a lovely heart and a noble character. She is certainly "one of the most charming personalities of the Philippines/' 311

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES J ARANILLA, DELFIN

Lawyer and Jurist. He was horn on December 24, 1883, in La Paz, Iloilo, son of Antonio J aranilla and Juana Jebucion.

He was educated at the La Paz and Iloilo public schools and at the Seminary of J aro, Iloilo. Later he went to the United States to pursue his higher education at the Santa Ana High School, California, then at the State University of Tennessee and Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., where he obtained his LL.B. degree in 1907.

In the Islands he served as clerk of the Court of First Instance in Iloilo; clerk of court of Cagayan in Luzon; interpreter, Court of First Instance, 10th judicial district; then deputy fiscal, and acting fiscal of Iloilo. Later he became successively assistant attorney and attorney of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu; assistant attorney of the Bureau of Just'ce, in Manila; auxiliary judge of the First and Seventh Judicial Groups, and judge of the Twenty-Second Judicial District.

The greatest moment of his career was perhaps in 1912 when violations of the opium and immigration laws were rampant. He was then a fiscal and hardly more than thirty years old. In the town where he was stationed there was talk of bribery here and there. Those cases were prosecuted by him. The judge who presided over the district knew plenty of attempts to corrupt public officials. Once many people were gathered in the courtroom. The judge was talking to lawyers. And when something was said about buying young fiscal J araniTIa, the Judge said: "N 0 money in the whole world could buy J aranilla!"

"This is the highest compliment ever paid to Delfin!" people said in that place where smugglers tried in vain to buy the young fiscal. And so from that time on he rose to the top, scaling the heights in the profession which 312

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES he had chosen to carve his name in the book of golden achievements.

In 1929 Mr. Jaranilla was made Attorney-General of the Philippines, in recognition of his efficient services.

In 1933 he was appointed Judge in one of the branches of the Court of First Instance of Manila, but retired in 1936.

Mr. Jaranilla married Angela Salazar in La Paz, Iloilo, in 1914.

UWhy did you take up law?"

"When I was young, it was the prevalent desire of parents to send their children to schools to study medicine.

I did not like it. I preferred a man who knew his rights as a citizen. I desired to serve and to go on, on. So I took up law where I could serve my country better."

JAVIER, ABDON

Division Superintendent of Schools of Zambales. He was born in Tanauan, Batangas, on July 30, 1895. He studied in the Manila public schools, Batangas High School and Philippine Normal School 'Where he graduated in 1916.

From 1916 to 1927, he served as principal, then supervising teacher and lastly academic supervisor in various parts of the Philippines. He saw service as superintendent in Mindoro, 1928-1933, Bataan, 1933-1935, and Zambales since June, 1935.

He is director for the Philippines of the National Education Association of the United States; member, SubCommittee on Education of the Non-Christians, Quezon Educational Survey Committee; and member, Contributing Staff, Philippine Journal of Education.

D. Provincial Treasurer of Bohol. He was born in Sorsogon, Sorsogon, on January 23, 1889. He attended a JIMENEZ, ILDEFONSO

313

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Spanish private school, 1897-1899, and the first English public school, 1900-1901, in his home town. In Manila he entered the Colegio Filipino, 1902-1903, and the Liceo de Manila, 1903-1906, where he obtained the degree of Perito Mercantil in 1906. He also took special English courses in the International Correspondence Schools from 1915 to 1916. He passed the Second Grade Spanish in 1906 and the Assistant Provincial Treasurer English examinations in 1918. The various positions he held in the government service were: Deputy Assessor, Provincial Assessor's Offke, Sorsogon, Sorsogon, 1906-1907; Clerk, Provincial Treasurer's Office, Sorsogon, Sorsogon, 1908-1909; Cashier and Deputy, 1910-1912; Bookkeeper and Deputy, 1913; Traveling Deputy, 1914; Acting Chief Clerk and Deputy, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, 1915; Chief Clerk and Deputy, Cagayan, Misamis 1918; Chief Clerk and Deputy, Naga, Ambos Camarines, 1918; Acting Provincial Treasurer, Ambos Camarines, 1920; Acting Provincial Treasurer, Camarines Sur, 1920; Chief Clerk and Deputy, Cebu, Cebu, 1920; Provincial Treasurer, Antique, 1920; Provincial Treasurer, Mountain Province, 1924; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor, Capiz, 1929. Besides being the Provincial Treasurer he is also the Special Deputy Assessor of Bohol at present. He also acts as Agent of the :Sohol Agency of the Philippine National Bank in that province.

J ONES, JAMES WELDON

Financial Adviser to High Commissioner Frank Murphy, and former Insular Auditor of the Philippine Islands, now Representative of Commissioner Murphy. He was born in Farmersville, Texas, on February 28, 1896. Son of Tip and Lula Y. Jones, he obtained his A.B. from Baylor University in 1918, and his M.B.A. from Texas University in 1922. He was a graduate student at the Ohio State 314

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES University, 1922 to 1923. Before his appoinment as Insular Auditor of the Philippine Islands, he worked for five years as a Public Accountant, two years as a Corporation Auditor, and three years as a University Professor. A man with varied experience and solid background he is a model public servant, and a loyal friend.

His philosophy of life consists in "Hard Work is the Secret of Personal Success." He remarks epigrammatically, "An interesting work with interesting people." Mr. Jones is a Rotarian and belongs to the American Institute of Accountants.

E. Assemblyman from the Second District, Mountain Province. He was born in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, on August 23, 1888; educated at the Primary School of Victoria, Tarlac, 1902; Primary School, Malolos, Bulacan, 1903; took Correspondence Course in Optometry, 19111917; Post Graduate Course, Philippine School of Optometry, 1929; Doctor of Optometry. He became a public school teacher in Victoria, Tarlac, from 1905-1908; Internal Revenue Agent, 1909-1910; Inspector, Bureau of Agriculture, Rural Credit Division, 1928-1929; Elective Member, Baguio City Council, 1931-1934; Member, Mixed Independence Mission, 1933; Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, 1934. He was elected Member of the first Philippine National Assembly under the Commonwealth in 1935.

One of our linguists, Mr. Jose was founder of Workers and Peasants Association (Wapa), 1927; Editor, Plaridel, a bilingual newspaper, 1911-1913; vernacular dramatist; two times First Vice-President, Labor Congress of the Philippines; Supervisor, Rural Credit Division, Bureau of Agriculture, comprising the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and Tarlac, 1928-1929; Correspondent, JOSE, FELIPE

315

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES National News Service, 1924-1927; CollabQrator, Spanish and Tagalog newspapers. His philosophy of life is: "Labor is the fundamental basis of all human progress."

JOSE, FILEMON

Salesman and Model Employee. Deformity in life is no hinder to success. Alexander Pope became England's well known bard. Steinmetz won the name of Electric Wizard. Napoleon was the conqueror of the world.

And Mr. Filemon Jose has risen from a mere poor boy to a model employee, a crack machinery salesman of the Pacific Commercial Co., Inc. Born in Manila on November 22, 1887, Mr. Jose is the son of Geronimo Jose and Calixta Liangco.

He was educated at San Beda College. He left school before he was in the 7th grade.

But the best schooling he got was from that great university called experience, the university of, hard knocks.

In Mr. Jose's case, it happened to be a corporation. Its name was Castle Bros. Wolf & Son and now the Pacific Commercial Company.

That was in 1907 when he entered the employ of this firm as a messenger boy with a meager salary. Persistent, laborious and dutiful, he has at last ris'e n little by little to the top, until he has become part and parcel of the firm.

A member of Noli Me Tangere Lodge, F. & A.M., Mr. Jose is a firm believer in hard work. "If you have something in mind, do it well to a finish." As a self-made man he had a dream and devoted his life to make it a reality.

This has made him what he is-an expert machinery salesman, a model employee, a man who can deliver the message to Garcia.

316

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES JOYA, MARIANO H. DE

Lawyer, Educator and Lecturer.

He was born in Batangas, Batangas, on September 8, 1887. His parents were Gerardo de Joya, a solicitor, and Toribia Honrade.

He received his early education in the Parochial School of Batangas, Batangas, and in the private schools conducted in the same town by Mr. Perfecto Con des and a Filipino Catholic Priest, 1893-1898. He also studied in the private school of Mr. Simon Macasaet in Lipa, Ba.tangas, 1899-1900.

Mariano H. de Joya continued his studies in the public schools established under the American Government in Taal and Lemery, Batangas, in 1901-1902, and at the same time studied in the private school conducted by Mr. Juan Medina in Taal, Batangas, and in 1902-1903, he transferred to the Provincial High School, established in Batangas, Batangas.

In 1903 he was appointed by Governor William H. Taft as one of the first 100 Government students sent to the United States; he left the Philippines for the United States on October 10, 1903, and remained in the United States until October, 1907.

During . his stay in the United States, he completed his preparation for College in the National City High School and in the Sta. Barbara High School, in Southern California. He entered Indiana University in September, 1904, where he finished the three-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in September, 1906, by taking extra subjects and special examinations and by attending summer courses at Indiana and Chicago U niversities. His contemporaries at Indiana University were Messrs. Jorge Bocobo and Francisco A. Delgado.

317

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In September, 1906, he went to Yale University where he was admitted as a graduate student and candidate for the degree of Master of Laws, and graduated in June, 1907, with the degree of Master of Laws, cum laude. His Filipino contemporary there was Mr. Jose Escaler. In the same month of June, 1907, he also received his degree of Bachelor of Laws from Indiana University. He continued his studies at Yale University for the degree of Doctor of Laws (J. D.), but ill-health compelled him to return to the Philippines in October, 1907.

Upon his return to the Philippines he took and passed the First Grade Civil Service examination in English and was assigned to teach in the Taal-Lemery Intermediate School and in the Batangas High School. In 1908 he was transferred to the Bureau of Justice as translator and afterwards private secretary to then Attorney-General Villamor, late associate justice in t he Supreme Court of the Philippines.

In September, 1909, he took the bar examinations and tied for first place with Mr. Antonio Villa-Real, now an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines; and he continued working in the Bureau of Justice as Law Clerk until December, 1910.

In December, 1910, he was designated to act as provincial fiscal for Zambales, and in January, 1911, he was appointed provincial fiscal for Misamis, Agusan and Surigao, where he remained until December, 1912, when he was transferred to the City of Manila, as an Assistant Fiscal, and continued to serve the Government in that capacity until April, 1917.

In April, f917, he was appointed as associate professor of Remedial Law in the University of the Philippines, and the following year he was promoted to a full professorship. He continued in the University of the Philippines 318

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES until November, 1921, when he was appointed Judge of the Court of First Instance, which position he held until February, 1924, when he resigned to resume private practice, begun in 1917.

From November, 1921, up to the present time he has taught as a professorial lecturer successively in the University of Sto. Tomas, the National University, and the University of the Philippines.

He has been a member of the Board of Directors and Vice-President of the Philippine Bar Association; a member of the Committee to revise the Penal Code, and also a member of the Philippine Columbian Association, and Chief Apo of the "Barangay," an association composed of Filipinos educated in American and foreign universities.

Judge de J oya has published the following: Derecho Internacion~l Privado, Code Pleading, Code of Criminal Procedure Annotated, Penal Code Annotated, and Code of Civil Procedure Annotated; and outlines on Criminal Procedure, Pleading, Trial Practice, Evidence, Private International Law and Public International Law. "In the practice of my profession," "fighting judge" de J oya said, "professional services should be rendered only when compatible with principles."

And he continued: "I always had a liking for the law. My fondness for American History and my contact with American institutions have made me diose the law profession, as I read with eagerness in my youth the lives of such great men as Washington, Lincoln, Adams, J efferson, besides our own. My life is an open book. It contains only this-the Golden Rule."

JUGO, FERNANDO

Judge of the Court of First Instance of Rizal, Sala II. He is 35 years old. Previous to his appointment to the 319

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Judiciary, he was Assistant City Fiscal of Manila from 1919 to 1920; and Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice from 1920 to 1928. On February 26, 1928, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge. He was Judge at Large from 1933 to 1934, and District Judge since 1934, of the Court of First Instance, Eleventh Judicial District, Laguna. In June, 1936, he was transferred to the Court of First Instance of Rizal.

JUMAWAN, SERGIO G.

Lieutenant-Governor of Siquijor. He was born in the village of Banban, Municipality of Siquijor, on December 21, 1901. He obtained his first education from the Banban Primary School; later he transferred to the Larena Intermediate School where he graduated as valedictorian in 1918. After his graduation he went to Cebu and enrolled at the Cebu High School, graduating in 1922; and enrolled in the Philippine Law School in 1922, Manila, graduating in 1926 as Bachelor of Laws. He was an active member of the school organization called the Romantic Fraternity and was also a representative to the Junior House of Representatives of that institution. Then he participated in the business administration of his father's commercial interests until the year 1931 when he was elected as Lieutenant-Governor of the Subprovince of Siquijor. In the last elections, he was re-elected as Lieutenant-Governor without any opponent. Running for Delegate from the second district of Oriental Negros to the Constitutional Convention, he emerged victorious.

JUREIDINI, ANIS N ASSOOR Businessman, Manager of K. Nassoor, Inc. "Adopt the pace of Nature: her secret is patience," says the great Emerson, for God is with the patient.

Pluck and patience characterize the brilliant commercial career and interesting leadership of Mr. Anis Nassoor

320

I

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Jureidini, who is among the biggest wholesale merchants in textiles in the Philippine Islands.

Mr. J ureidini was born at Beyrut, Syria, on August 14, 1880, grew up in New York City and came to the lslands in the year 1903.

Beginning in a modest way, he and his brother organized the A. N. Jureidini firm which after years of patient toil became large and prosperous, but which was later greatly affected by post war debacles.

After returning from Syria and finding the work of many years turned to ruins, Mr. Jureidini started all over again in 1922 with his firm operating under the name of K. Nassoor, Inc., with offices at 132 Juan Luna, Manila.

Always patient, hard-working Mr. Jureidini stood on his feet again, down but never out-always plucky and persevering. His struggle is but the demonstration of what Poor Richard said-"To fie thrown upon one's resources is to be cast into the very lap of fortune."

And today Mr. Jureidini has come into his own-being one of the biggest wholesale merchants in textiles in the Philippines.

JURGENS, CONSTANCIO

Bishop of Tuguegarao, Cagayan. Reverend Jurgens is Doctor of Divinity. He heads the Diocese of Tuguegarao which comprises the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya and Batanes. To the service of Almighty God he is wisely spending his life and everything in order to be in the end a blessing to Him and to humanity.

KABIGTING, BALBINO

Provincial Treasurer of Rizal. Mr. Kabigting was born in Arayat, Pampanga, on March 31, 1878. He studied in the public schools of his home town, and later in the public schools of Nueva Ecija. He occupied these 321

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES positions-clerk in the Court of First Instance of Nueva Ecija in 1894; clerk in the Justice of the Peace Court, Arayat, Pampanga, 1895-1896; clerk in the Spanish Customs House, Manila, and principal clerk in the branch of the Spanish Commissary Department, Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, 1897-1898; engaged in the purchase and sales of local and foreign products, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, 18991901; Special Deputy of the First Provincial Treasurer of Nueva Ecija at the beginning of the establishment of the American Civil Government, 1901; 'T raveling Deputy Collector of the Provincial Treasurer, 1902-1903; Municipal Treasurer and Deputy, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, 1904-1906; Deputy Provincial Treasurer, 1906; Chief Clerk and Deputy of Nueva Ecija, 1908; Acting Provincial Treasurer of Nueva Ecija, 1908-1909; District Auditor's clerk, 19091910; Chief Clerk and Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Malolos, Bulacan, 1910-1912; Acting Provincial Treasurer of Bulacan, 1912-1913; returned to former position, 1913; Provincial Treasurer of Bataan, March 1, 1914; Provincial Treasurer of Bohol, 1917; Provincial Treasurer of Rizal, 1920; Provincial Treasurer of Laguna, 1921; and Provincial Treasurer of Rizal since December 14, 1933, to the the present. Mr. Kabigting passed the Second Grade Spanish examination in 1903, Assistant Provincial Treasurer's examination in English in 1911, and Certified Public Accountant examination in 1927. In 1935 he was appointed Supervising Treasurer for the Third District comprising the provinces of Rizal, Marinduque, Mindoro, Cavite, Bataan, Palawan and the City of Manila.

KAHN, L:SOPOLDO

Business Executive, President and General Manager of La Estrella del Norte, and owner of the Estrella Auto Palace and The Estrella Second Hand Auto Shop. One of the most beloved personalities in the Islands.

322

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES "I have spent my years in business. What can I say to succeed but what I have done? I am a hard worker, determined, fair in my dealings. In my business I want to serve and satisfy my customers so that they will come back. And in the face of troubles and difficulties, I never give up. In my varied lines of endeavour I have encountered failures. Did I give up? Never! . . . The more they come the more they are welcome. They only season the timber. Rolling up your sleeves and working hard to fight failures and depressions, you will surely come out victorious." He is one of the few decorated men here.

Mr. Kahn, through his La Estrella del Norte, first introduced into the Islands the phonograph, bicycle, cinematograph and the French automobile. His firm is the biggest jewelry shop in the Philippines.

Mr. Kahn, the. president and manager of La Estrella del Norte, was born in Alsace, France, in 1870.

He is President, Chambre de Commerce Francaise.

Interviewed in his office above the Estrella del Norte Store, he said calmly, with the tone of proven ability in his years of successful struggles: "I have adapted in all my life but one philosophy of success.

"And that is-To do my duty."

As a result he was lately decorated by Governor Pasquier of French Indo-China as the most cultured Frenchman in the Philippines.

KALAW, MAXIMO M.

Assemblyman, Lawyer and Political Science Writer.

He was Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines. He was one of the members of the Independence Mission to the United States, to work for the final solution of the Islands' national cause.

323

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES His personal contact and connection with President Quezon, then a resident commissioner in America, in 1911, certainly decided the future of Mr. Kalaw. For in the following year he won the oratorical contest at the George Washington University, his winning theme being "The Case for the Filipinos."

"That," he said, "contributed to my present standing, or success if you call it that way-but it is hard to say so while one is still working. And this sometimes leads me to say I don't know. Anyhow, I am trying to do my best."

Mr. Kalaw was born in Lipa, Batangas, on May 10, 1891, the son of Valerio Kalaw and Maria Manguiat.

Dr. Kalaw is a product of the public schools, one of the younger or rising generation. He studied at the University of the Philippines, and then went to the United States and took his LL.B. degree at Georgetown University in 1915, his A.B. at George Washington University in 1916, and studied special courses at the University of Wisconsin.

Because of his meritorious work, as the foremost student of government in the Philippine Islands, he was honored by the University of Michigan in 1924 with a Ph.D. degree.

Also he is an exchange professor in political science.

In 1918 he was associate editor of the Mam1a Times; appointed professor of the University of the Philippines and then Dean of the College of Liberal Arts. In 1935 he retired as Dean of the College. of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and was in the same year elected Assemblyman from the third district of Batangas.

He wrote "The Case for the Filipinos," 1916; "SelfGovernment in the Philippines," 1919; "The Present Government of the Philippines," 1921; "Philippine Government," with Justice Malcolm, 1923-1932; "The Development of Philippine Politics," 1926; and "The Philippine 324

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Government Under the Jones Law," 1927; besides being "a prolific" contributor to many local and foreign magazines.

Dr. Kalaw has surprised his many friends, readers and admirers with the publication of his novel "The Filipino Rebel," in 1930, a book which caused a lot of comment, ' dedicated to the members of "Ang Bagong Katipunan."

He is also the author of a text-book, "Philippine Social Science," 1933.

"The Filipino Rebel is my favorite," said the former Dean, one beautiful morning, as he sat on his easy chair, with the smile of romantic youth in his eyes, "because the book has everything--politics and science, comedy and tragedy."

"As to the best-the unwritten one is always the best," he commented. He is certainly a man of great achievement.

KALAW, TEODORO M.

Writer, Lawyer, and Director of the National Library of the Philippines.

Don Teodoro belongs to that famous group of young men who, when the smoke of battle had not yet cleared from the battlefields of the Revolution, unstintedly continued the work of liberation from the columns of the press.

This was possible because the new organic law, based on the constitution of the United States, guaranteed the free expression of thought, a right theretofore almost unknown.

As early as the year 1903, when still a mere youth, he made his first attempts in journalism by working as a cub reporter for El Renacimiento, the paper that was to occasion later national repercussions by its famous campaigns. His period of journalistic apprenticeship was very brief, as he was promoted from reporter to editor and managing editor, taking the place of Don Fernando Ma. Guerrero on the latter's election in 1907 to the First Philippine Assembly.

325

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Of those who had been placed in charge of the direct management of El Renaci'miento, Kalaw was the youngest, this having been the crowning achievement of his brilliant journalistic career. His work while occupying the managing editorial chair of this famous periodical was characterized by intensive campaigns in the interest of diverse national needs and problems.

Aside from the above, he also carried on an intense campaign against the Philippine Constabulary to secure the suppression of the glaring abuses that it had been committing, and another against high functionaries of the government, for the protection of the public interest.

This campaign culminated in the famous suit instituted by Secretary V\-T orcester against El Renaci'm1路ento which occasioned the suppression of that pUblication.

After this period of journalistic activity, he entered into the field of politics, the most logical channel to which his energies could be diverted and have their free play with benefit to his people and country. In the general elections of 1909 he presented his candidacy as Deputy for the third district of Batangas, and was elected with an overwhelming majority. His task in the Legislature was intense though of short duration, owing to the infirmity which kept him in bed for a long time while the first year of his parliamentary labors had not yet elapsed. However, he was able to carryon some liberal campaigns, and among his speeches may be mentioned the one on the subject of divorce in the Philippines which became famous. In view of the impossibility of his continuing his parliamentary career on account of his infirmity, he was unanimously elected secretary of the Assembly. In tliis new capacity he began the publication of the decisions of the chair on questions of order, as a guide for the Delegates in their debates, publishing at the same time a series of pamphlets 326

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES on political, parliamentary and historical topics for the information of the members of the Assembly and of the people in general. Some of these publications are at present illuminating works of reference for certain studies and investigations, as for example, his "Documentos Constitucionales Sobre Filipinas" and the pamphlets respectively entitled "Independencia Como Aspiracion Nacional," "Vida y Escritos de Fernando Blumentritt," "Cuestiones Parlamentarias," "Como Puede Mejorarse Nuestra Legislaci6n."

His stay in the office of Secretary of the Assembly was characterized by productiveness and activity. His official publications alone reached nearly thirty. During this period he also made his first incursions into the field of constitutional studies, with his "Constitucion de Malolos" first and his "Teorias Constitucionales" afterwards-works which earned for him the appellation of "pioneer" in this branch.

Not very long after, he was exalted to the position of Under-Secretary and later to that of Secretary of the Interior, the position of greatest importance in the Filipino Cabinet. In both capacities he made use of his power of initiative and organization, especially during those first critical years of the reorganization of the government under the Jones Law. Don Teodoro was bDrn at Lipa, Batangas, March 31, 1884, the son of Valerio Kalaw and Maria Manguiat; educated at the Liceo de Manila and Escuela de Derecho de Manila, 1905; elected representative from Batangas 19101913; appointed Secretary of the Interior, 1921-1922, and director of the National Library since 1929.

Perhaps his greatest activity has been displayed in the field of publicity. His present post as Director of the National Library leads to the most splendid realization of 327

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES his ambition as a publicist. Probably no Filipino author can count a number of published works as big as his own.

As Director of the National Library he published "Epistolario Rizalino," "Gregorio H. del Pilar (EI Heroe de Tirad) ," "Ang Pinagtatalunang Akta ng Katipunan," and "La Revolucion Filipina (Apolinario Mabini)." He wrote also these prominent works-"Hacia la Tierra del Zar," '"'EI Divorcio en Filipinas," "Las Ideas Politicas de la Revolucion Filipina," "Principios de Vida Social," "EI Ideario Politico de Mabini," "Manual de Ciencia Politica," "Derecho Parlamentario Masonico," "La Masoneria Filipina," "Dietario Espiritual," and "Cinco Reglas de la Moral Antigua."

KANIGAE, SAITARO

General Manager and Proprietor, The Nippon Bazar.

One of the few successful Japanese businessmen in the Philippines is the owner of The Nippon Bazar, importer and exporter, with aI central office at the corner of Plaza Moraga and Escolta, Manila, and a branch in Cebu. Mr. Kanigae was educated in Japan and he came to the Philippines twenty-five years ago. He is member, Japanese Association; director, Japanese Chamber of Commerce, Manila; and President, National Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co., Pasay, Rizal. To this Japanese business executive, the best way to succeed in business is to treat 'your customers well, sell quality goods and be genial to everybody.

KApUNAN, RUPERTO

Assemblyman from the Fifth District of Leyte and Lawyer. He was born in Mambusao, Capiz, on March 26, 1875. He began his studies in the College-Seminary of J aro, Iloilo, and then in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, 1893. He was Municipal Vice-President of his tOlWn in 1901. In 1902, he worked in the Court of First Instance 328

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Capiz. He was named in 1913 Provincial Fiscal of Samar up to 1916. In 1916 he was elected 1;tepresentative for the 4th District of Leyte, and re-elected in 1919. Mr. Kapunan was again elected in 1935 member of the first Philippine National Assembly under the Commonwealth government of the Philippines.

KASILAG Y MENDOZA, MARCIAL

Director of the Bureau of Public Works and Engineer.

Born on October 13, 1881, in Rosario, Batangas, he is the son of Antero Kasilag y Moti and Geronima Mendoza.

In 1910 he married Asuncion Roses y Morente. He is a member of the Rizal Masonic Lodge, the Club Filipino and the Philippine Columbian Association.

Educated in the public schools of Rosario and Lipa of Batangas, the Philipine Normal School of Manila and the Purdue University of Lafayette, Indiana, Mr. Kasilag obtained from the latter college the degree of B.S.C.E., June 10, 1908.

He was one the first pensionados sent to the United States.

Mr. Kasilag joined the Bureau of Public Works as Junior Assistant Engineer, 1908-1909, in Rizal province; Junior Civil Engineer, 1910-1912, in Tayabas province; District Engineer, 1912-1918, in Zambales, La Union and Albay provinces; Supervising Engineer and Chief Constructing Engineer and then Assistant Director of Public Works, from June, 1919, to 1936. On the retirement of A. D. Williams, Director of the Bureau of Public Works, in 1936, Mr. Kasilag became Director of said Bureau.

The important projects done under his supervision are the constructions of the Harrison Bridge, La Union; Camp One-Aringay Road, La Union; Albay-Sorsogon Inter-Provincial Road, Albay; Coron Waterworks System, Palawan; 329

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES and various bridges, markets and buildings in various provinces.

Mr. Kasilag, who is the embodiment of an active and pensive life, says in his dynamic way: "Honesty is my life policy."

KAUFMANN, JULIUS

Businessman, Manager of Menzi and Company, Inc. He was born in Germany in 1893. He attended the schools of his native tawn, and then served in the German Army from 1914 to 1918. He arrived in the Philippines in 1921 as a commercial representative. Having traveled almost throughout the Archipelago, he knows the needs of the country with respect to foreign merchandise.

Y. Assemblyman from the Third District of Cebu and Attorney-at-law. He was born in Argao, Cebu, on May 5, 1892. He attended the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, 1912-1914, A.B.; College of Law, University of the Philippines, 1914-1917, LL.B. Mr. Kintanar was elected representative for Cebu, Fourth District, in the 10th Legislature. In 1935 he became Assemblyman from the third district of Cebu.

KINTANAR, AGUSTIN

KINTANAR, CESAR A.

Lawyer. He was born in Argao, Cebu, on April 24, 1902, son of Felipe Kintanar and Aquilina Abear. He studied in the Argao Elementary School, Cebu High School, Junior College of the University of the Philippines, and College of Law, University of the Philippines. He was teacher in the Visayan Institute of Cebu and editor of the publication, Progress. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the fourth district of Cebu to the Consfltutional Convention.

330

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

J. L. Manager-Treasurer, Pangasinan Transportation Company. Mr. Klar was born in Iloilo, Iloilo, on August 25, 1901. He received his early education from the public schools of the south, and later enrolled at the La Salle College. He is the son of Mr. Frank Klar, president of the Pantranco, who came to the Islands about the closing of the nineteenth century. Both father and son have devoted their interests to the transportation business-the Pantranco, operating in the fertile valley of Central Luzon.

KLAR,

M. Manager of the Bay View Hotel and Vice President of the Kneedler Realty Company. He was born in Brookfield, Missouri, on March 2, 1909, the son of Dr. Harry Kneedler, well-known Manila doctor and realtor. He came to the Philippines when he was barely three months old. He attended a preparatory school in the United States and studied for a year in the Ateneo de Manila, and finished his college studies at the Cornell University. He is a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity and the Polo and Tamaraw club.s.

KNEEDLER, HAROLD

D. Businessman and Physician. He is President of the million-peso corporation Kneedler Realty Company, and owner of the Kneedler Building, the Bay View Hotel, and other apartment houses.

The pioneer in modern concrete buildings in the Philippines, Dr. Kneedler, was born on September 23, 1870, in Collinsville, Ill., U. S. A., the son of Christopher Dohme and Loretta P. (Penny) Kneedler; educated at the St. Louis University, Medical Department, and member of the class of 1892. He married Ethel Helen Mason in Manila, 1905; they have two children; he is a member of York Rite MaKNEEDLER, HARRY

331

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES sonic bodies, Nile Temple, Mystic Shrine, and Manila Lodge of Elks.

Dr. Kneedler has devoted himself for many years to the real estate business in Manila on a big scale. As president of the Kneedler Realty Co., he erected the Kneedler Building, Leonard Wood Hotel, various apartment houses, and lately the Bay View Hotel, "the last word in steel construction."

As a physician, Dr. Kneedler engaged in general practice; he was in 1899 in Havana, Cuba, and came to Manila in 1900 with the medical department of the U. S. Army.

He was in the Boxer Campaign in China, then left the military service and settled in the Philippines, where he practiced for fifteen years. He served with the American Red Cross in Siberia from 1917 to 1918.

Tall, quiet an~ active, Dr. Kneedler impresses one as the soul of optimism, captain of industry, an example of mens saruL in corpore sano.

KRAUT, M.

Painter, Art Glass manufacturer and producer of Art N eon Lights. He was born in Saarbrucken, Germany, on October 9, 1881. He was educated in the public schools and other institutions for painting in Germany. He is a Roman Catholic. His idea of success is "Serve others and you serve yourself best." He is proprietor of the Art Neon Signs and The Standard Painter, with offices on Calle Dominga No. 55, Malate, Manila.

KUDER, EDWARD M.

Division Superintendent of Schools of Sulu. He was born in Virginia, U. S. A., in 1896.

After finishing his studies in his native state, he enlisted in the United States Army where he served from 332

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1917 to 1919. In 1922, he came to the Philippines and was assigned to Pangasinan as Division Superintendent of Schools. He was transferred to Pampanga in 1923, to Ilocos Sur in 1924, to Cotabato in 1926, to Lanao in 1932, and to Sulu in 1934.

LABRADOR, ALEJO

Lawyer and Professorial Lecturer. Mr. Labrador was born in San Narciso, Zambales, on July 17, 1894. He graduated from the Manila High School in 1912, and from the University of the Philippines with the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws in 1918. He was assistant examiner, Bureau of Civil Service, 1914-1!)17; law clerk, Bureau of Lands, 1918-1919; law clerk, Office of the City Fiscal, 1919-1920; chief of the law division, Bureau of Internal Revenue, 1920-1921. In 1922 he was elected Representative from Zambales. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from Zamhales to the Constitutional Convention. He is professor of Jurisprudence in the University of the Philippines.

LABRADOR, JUAN

Rector and President of San Juan de Letran College.

Reverend Labrador, belonging to the Dominican Order, has been professor of philosophy and letters in the College of Education, and dean, College of Liberal Arts, of the Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, founded in 1611, by Padre Miguel de Benavides-the oldest institution of learning not only in the Philippines, but also in the Orient. Due to his incessant labors as educator and spiritual leader, Fray Labrador was recently designated to head the famous Colegio de San de Letran, established in 1630, which has produced many of the past and present leaders in the Islands.

333

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES LACSON, ISAAC

Former Senator from the Eighth Senatorial District to the Tenth and last Philippine Legislature. He was born in Iloilo, Iloilo, on July 28, 1889, the son of Aniceto Lacson and Rosario Araneta. He was educatea in the Ateneo de Manila and the San J nan de Letran College where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1910. He was Representative and Provincial Governor of Occidental Negros. Mr. Lacson "vas elected Senator from the Eighth Senatorial District beginning 1934, serving as chairman of the committees on banks and corporations and franchises, and member of the committees on agriculture and commerce, public works and communications, finance, appointments, railroads, justice, navigation, and metropolitan relations, until the Philippine Legislature was changed to the unicameral Philippine Assembly. of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935.

C. Lawyer and Educator. For all the popularity or prominence attributed to the Philippine Law School, the credit should rightfully go to Mr. Lacson who, with his brother, the late Atty. Simeon Lacson, and Mariano Jhocson, founded the said Law School. Mr. Lacson was born in Silay, Occidental Negros, son of Marciano Lacson and Emilia Conlu. After completing the elementary grades in his native town, he went to Iloilo to study in the provincial high school. but finished his high school in Manila. He first enrolled in the College of Medicine, but later dropped this course and took up law in the law school conducted by Mr. Malcolm which later became the College of Law vf the University of the Philippines. He finished his law course in 1914, and in 1925 opened a law firm with his brother Simeon. During this time, he founded the LACSON, RICARDO

334

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Philippine Law School, probably his greatest contribution to the educational field.

LAGDAMEO, SALVADOR

Chairman, National Loan and Investment Board.

When he was the Insular Treasurer of the Government of the Philippine Islands, people oftentimes called him "the treasurer of treasurers."

Born in Gumaca, Tayabas, on February 16, 1881, son of Gabino Lagdameo and Concepcion Mondragon, he is a real self-made man.

He married Elena Rivera Abafio.

Graduated in 1896 as "Maestro Superior de Instrucci6n Primaria" from the defunct "Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros de Manila," equivalent to Bachelor of Science in Education. he is also the holder of C.P.A. certificate.

Immediately after graduation, h~ was appointed teacher of the Model School of the said "Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros." During the period from 1898 to 1904, he conducted a private school of his own; was principal teacher of the public school for one year in Lopez, Tayabas, census enumerator, and employed as bookkeeper, in a commercial firm.

He entered the government service again in 1904 as municipal secretary of Guinayangan, Tayabas, with salary of P25.00 per month. In 1906 he was appointed municipal secretary and treasurer and deputy provincial treasurer of the same municipality, and also postmaster and notary public. He was successively promoted to the positions of traveling deputy provincial treasurer, bookkeeper in the provincial treasury of Tayabas, and chief clerk of the provinces of Sorsogon and Ambos Camarines.

335

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In 1915 he was appointed rrreasurer, Assessor, Councilor and Register of Deeds for the City of Baguio, and deputy provincial treasurer for the Sub-province of Benguet, Mountain Province. From that position he transferred to the Bureau of the Treasury as Bank and Insurance Examiner in 1917 and later on he was promoted to the position of Cashier. He was appointed Assistant Insular Treasurer on June 1, 1919. By Department Order No.1, on January 16, 1920, he was designated Acting Assistant Director of the Mint during the absence of the incumbent, Dr. A. P. Fitzsimmons. Due to the detail of Mr. Vicente Carmona to the Office of the Secretary of Finance effective August 1, 1923, Mr. Lagdameo was designated Acting Insular Treasurer.

And as result of his efficiency, his appointment as Treasurer of the Philippine Islands came on January 1, 1927. He is also Insurance Commissioner Ex-Officio, and charged with the supervision over mutual benefit and bene路 volent societies and associations.

Mr. Lagdameo was Loan Executive Officer and member of the Loan Board, Act No. 3335; Member of the Pension and Investment Board of the Teachers' Retirement and Disability Fund and also Chairman of the Investment Committee of said board; Treasurer ex-officio of the University of the Philippines; Treasurer and Member of the Board of Directors of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society of the Philippine Islands; Member of the Board of Directors of the Philippine National Bank; President of the Board of Accountancy; Member of the Boards of Directors of the Ma-ao Sugar Central and the National Exchange Company.

Here are gems of thoughts from a man who made himself: "To amount to something in this world, follow some ideals that would make you reach your goal. .. The elements of success are nothing but simple honesty, willing336

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ness to work and much study." Finding himself early in youth left in the race of life without knowing English, Mr. Lagdameo, the man who uttered these words, studied hard and read much. "Study hard and digest what you read; then, apply what you know!" he said. And by so doing, he rose from mere bookkeeper to his present dignified position as Chairman, National Loan and Investment Board.

"Existence simpLy means persistence and resistence: self-control-for he who controls himself controls the situation."

A public servant of proven integrity, Mr. Lagdameo is a true living example of one who does and dares, who acts and succeeds.

LAGMA-N, ELIGIO

Assemblyman from the F irst District of Pampanga and Attorney-at-law. He was born in Guagua, Pampanga, on January 28,1898. He studied the primary course in his home town in a private school during the years 1907 to 1908; secondary course in the college of San Juan de Letran, Manila, 1908-1914; stenography in San Juan de Letran 1912-1914; law course in the Escuela de Derecho of Manila, 1914-1917. He was municipal councilor of Guagua, 19221925 and 1925-1928; member, Provincial Hoard of Pampanga; elected Representative for the first district of Pampanga to the 10th Legislature. In 1935 he was again elected member to the Philippine National Assembly under the Commonwealth.

LAGMAN, ROGERIO

First Blind Filipino Educator. Businessman and Executive Mr. Rogerio Lagman is the proprietor and manager of the .Tuan de la Cruz Studio.

Born in Mexico, Pampanga, on January 5, 1887, Mr. Lagman is the son of Teodoro Lagman and Simona Canda.

337

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He is married and has five children. The story of his life is an inspiration.

To keep him away from the fields and the carabaos, his mother sent him to school. The little boy began to like his work and became the favorite of his teacher, Frank Brucht, who set him as an example to others. Because of his teacher's high esteem he was chosen to be sent to San Fernando in 1903 where two months later he was appointed teacher, though the townspeople would not believe that a blind person could teach. Out of 100 aspirants only two were chosen, Mr. Lagman and another.

After teaching for over four years, he was in 1909 made a pensionado when the government already limited its pensionados, for only two were sent abroad, namely, Leandro Fernandez and Rogerio Lagman. In America he attended the School for the Deaf and Blind at Berkeley, California. There he studied hard and became one of five graduates. He was given a place in the debating team and was later made captain. "As a result I learned later, my team beat the high school teams of California, and the judges said that the victory was due to Lagman," he said with the memory of those days gleaming on his face.

Returning to the Philippines in 1911, Mr. Lagman as an insular teacher taught at the Philippine School for the Deaf and Blind in Manila where Miss Rice was principal; took the junior teacher's examination and passed it; the same with the senior's examination in which 11 Americans and 44 Filipinos took part. "Only 10 of us passed, 6 Americans and 4 Filipinos. I was third in the rating and the highest in thesis," he said happily.

As an educator, Mr. Lagman was in the government service for sixteen years, and his leaving the government was a great loss to the Bureau of Education. "But I left to better my prospects and joined the Heacock Company 338

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES as chief agent of the contract department in jewelry business." He was offered by the bureau four grades of increase and promised a school in the South as an inducement not to leave. But he is a man of determination, and what business experience he has acquired from commercial firms he now uses in his own.

His studio enterprise began in 1921 with the Ester Studio on Calle Azcarraga. Later on it was named Juan de la Cruz Studio now in the Rizal Building in front of Cine Ideal which shows the steady growth of his business.

"What is life after all? A happy life is one in which a man believes in his work and succeeds in it. Only then can one consider life's purpose accomplished. Obstacles will yield to persistent efforts and they do not exist to one who loves his work."

LAGUIO, PERFECTO E.

Lawyer and Educator. He was born on April 18, 1896, at Boac, Marinduque. After completing the public primary and intermediate schools in his home town, he came to Manila to study in the Manila High School where he graduated with honors in 1914. At the age of twelve when he was just a graduate of the elementary school, he won the first prize in a letter writing contest in an American magazine. At the same age he had already began life as a messenger in the U. S. Army at Carabao Island.

Returning to Boac, he taught in the Marinduque High School for one year (1914-1915). He returned to Manila the following year and taught in the "Instituto de Manila," now University of Manila, for two school years (19151917). During this period, he was also a member of the Editorial Staff of the Philippines National Weekly. In 1919, he graduated from the Philippine Law School with the degree of Bachelor of Laws (with honors) and in the 339

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES same year passed the bar. He obtained one of the highest grades in the examination. Having qualified in an appropriate chil service examination he accepted a position as Technical Assistant in the formerly Department of Mindanao and Sulu and, upon its abolition in 1920, he 'Was transferred to the Department of Interior. In 1925, he was appointed Chief Clerk of that Department. In August of the same year, he was sent to the United States as a government pensionado to specialize in Provincial and Municipal Government and Administration. He enrolled in Yale University and after a year secured the degree of Master of Arts. He also took up courses in Juvenile Court and Administration in the New York School af Social Work and in the University of Berlin. He traveled extensively for two years, vi$iting forty ..five countries and one hundred and forty-five cities. During his stay in the United States. he helped the caus of Philippine Independence by answering defamatory articles against the Filipinos. He returned to the Islands in February, 1928. He is the author of "A Critical Study of the Libel Law" an-d "Our Modern Woman." In 1933, he retired from the government service. At present he is director of the Columbian Institute and professor of Public Corporations in the Philippine Law School, and of Constitutional Law and Administrative Law in the Manila Law College. He was Secretary-Treasurer of the Yale Club of the Philippines for two years.

LANGCAUON, PRUDENCIO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Iloilo. Mr. Langcauon is a product of Harvard and Leland Stanford Jr. universities.

He was born in Oas, Albay, on April 28, 1892. He graduated from the Philippine Norma1 School, 1913; University of the Philippines, A.B., 1918; Leland Stanford Jr. University, A.B. 1921; and Harvard University, M.A. 1922.

340

BUILDERS

OV THE NEW PHILIPPINES

He served as barrio teacher, elementary school principal and critic teacher in the province of Albay, teacher in the Philippine Normal School and Manila High School from 1910 to 1919. Upon his return to the Islands from the United States in 1922, he !was assigned to the Manila North High School as biology teacher. In August of that same year, he was promoted to Division Superintendent of Schools for Masbate. In 1926, he was transferred to Rizal and in 1931 to Nueva Ecija.

LAPERAL, ROBERTO

Business Executive and Proprietor. He is manager and owner of the largest and finest jewelry company in the Philippines.

The name of his firm is Victorina G. de Laperal-a name known throughout the Islands. The firm specializes in the importation and sale of diamonds and pearls.

Mr. Laperal was born on December 31, 1890, son of Roberto Laperal and Tarsila Flores. He married Victorina Guison.

He was educated in the Manila High School. But he soon left school and worked for the Bureau of Science. In 1913 he started with his wife the jewelry business which, little by little and through patience and perseverance, grew to its present size and is now the biggest Filipino concern dealing in diamonds coming from the largest mines and firms of the world. He is also a big real estate owner.

"I began," confided Mr. Laperal one bright morning, after his customers were gone, "by peddling jewelry in the provinces; patronage grew; the volume of business doubled; everything expanded.

"Those were very hard days, going from province to province. Yet I am glad to think now that I have served 341

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES my customers well, for they come here time and again and are satisfied. That is why the business has become as big as it is today."

Mr. Laperal is a great traveler, having gone around the world five times, on pleasure and business. He has gone into the biggest houses in Europe to buy diamonds and pearls and jewelry-things which his customers wanted.

Telling how he built up such a powerful business, he said, "In the jewelry business, honesty comes first, I mean, your word of honor. Then satisfy your customers. Supposing you are selling a diamond. Your customer must take your word that it is a genuine one . . . Success in any undertaking means constancy of purpose. Work mighty hard. Then under equal conditions, the chances are that you wi1l win in the long run.

"In my business, remember this: When I say it is a diamond, it is (1) diamond."

LAPERAL, VICTORINA G. DE Business Executive and Jeweler. Foremost among women jewelers in the Philippine Islands stands Mrs. Victorina Guison de Laperal, business woman, executive, and operator in real estate.

She was born in Manila forty-six years ago, the daughter of Juan Guison and Patricia David . .

She was educated at the Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and other Spanish private schools. That was all her schooling, and the rest was acquired in the shop of her father.

Seated on an easy chair in her office at her beautiful home, she said: "I was Rort of born into this business, for my father and mother had a jewelry store on calle Rosario while I WaS small.

I always loved this kind of business.

342

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES "But this present business of ours really began more than twenty years ago. It was in this way. My husband and I, sometimes alone for we have to separate to cover more territories, traveled and peddled from house to house in the Vi sayan and Tagalog regions for years and years.

"In time our customers increased and were satisfied.

By much study I came to know what they wanted.

"In places where people are poor you have to bring cheap jewels or articles witli prices within the reach of all. But in places where people are rich you have to bring costlier ones and sell the right kind. If it is a pearl, it must be a pearl; if it is gold, it must be gold. Otherwise, you will ruin your trade, you will lose your customers.

"Study the market, too. Invest more in articles that are in great demand. If you have P100.00, see to it that you spend .or invest it well and that it grows. In case of buyers, they must get the value of their money, perhaps more; if not, you will be a failure . . . Know your customers and your market, specialize in people's needs-in quality and price.

"In our business there are three kinds of people; first, those fond of luxury; second, those fond of what is in vogue; and third, those fond of investing. Therefore, know your customers before you try to sell them any jewelry or precious stones. For when they are satisfied, they will come back and bring their friends and relatives."

And because of such sterling principles applied to her line, Mrs. Victorina G. de Laperal has not only succeeded but led, and is still successfully leading, in the jewelry business.

LAPID, ESTEBAN

G.

Business Executive, Manager of Guagua Ice and Electric Plant Co., Inc. Few men are self made. Mr. Lapid who is one of them has risen from salesman to manager 343

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of one of the most prosperous plants of his province.

Through self effort he was able to give himself a liberal education. Through continuous activities he became owner of a bazar in Guagua. This business executive earnestly believes in honest dealings, honest living, and honest service.

LARA, HILARIO

Acting Director and Secretary of the School of Hygiene and Public Health, and Head of Hygiene, University of the Philippines; Fellow, International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation.

Dr. Lara was born on January 15, 1894, in the barrio of Anabu, municipality of Imus, Cavite province, the son of humble parents. He was two years old when his father died and then his hard struggles began. He worked his way through school, as helper and general houseboy in various institutions, when he studied in the state university.

Dr. Lara attended various local vernacular schools, such as Maestro Pilapil's school in Trozo, San Nicolas Public School, Imus Primary and Intermediate Schools; also Silliman Institute, secondary course; the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, for preparatory medicine, and then the College of Medicine and Surgery, where he obtained his M.D. degree. A graduate of the school of Tropical Medicine, he attended the Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, graduating with Certificate of Public Health in 1923 and Doctor in Public Health in 1924, as a fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation and the P. I. Government.

Since graduation, he has been an intern at the Philippine General Hospital with special remuneration from the University of the Philippines for scholarship, 1919; resident physician, Philippine General Hospital, Department of Pathology and Bacteriology and Instructor in Bacterio344

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES logical and Clinical Microscopy, School of Nursing, and special demonstrator in Pathology and Bacteriology in the • University of the Philippines; assistant surgeon at the central office of the Philippine Health service, 1919-1920; surgeon and district health officer, 1920-1922; private practice of medicine in La Union, 1919-1922; visiting physician, San Fernando Union Mission Hospital where he helped establish the Union Mission Hospital, 1921-1922; surgeon on special detail, Malaria Field Investigation, Laguna, 1922; senior surgeon, Philippine Health Service, 1922-1924; surgeon and diagnostician, division of communicable diseases, 1924; assistant to the Director of Health, and Secretary, Retirement and Pension Board, Philippine Health Service, 1925; associate professor and head, Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, U. P., 1925 to 1928; Philippine delegate to the Third PanPacific Science Congress at Tokyo, Japan, 1926; special detail to the Philippine Health Service to direct and conduct epidemiological investigations of cholera epidemic, 1925, in Manila and surrounding provinces of Bulacan, Rizal and Laguna, and Romblon, 1926; associate professor of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine and head, Department of Hygiene and Parasitology, 1928 to 1931; professorial lecturer on Epidemiology and Public Health, 1927 to 1931; secretary, School of Hygiene and Public Health, 1927 to 1932; cooperative work with various agencies in health and other scientific matters; captain, Medical Corps Reserve, United States Army; professor of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine and Head of the Department of Hygiene and Parasitology, 1930-1931; professor of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine and Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health Administration, 1931 to date; now Acting Director, School of Hygiene and Public Health, serving as Head of the Department of Hy345

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES giene for the College of Medicine and Schools of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, U. P., and authorized by the Board of Regents to teach special courses to Fellows of the Tuberculosis Commission.

As author and research worker Dr. 'L ara is the author of a textbook, "Health and Sanitation" (in preparation).

Dr. Lara is a member of the Manila Medical Society (secretary, 1926, delegate, 1931-1932); Philippine Islands Medical Association; fellow, American Medical Association; charter member, Delta Omega; Philippine Society of Parasitology: Philippine Scientific Society (president, 1932); vice-president, Far Eastern Society of Tropical Medicine; charter member, National Research Council of the Philippines; fellow, American Geographical Society, and co-editor, Philippine Journal of Sc,ience.

LARKIN, WILLIAM WILEY

Certified Public Accountant and Manager of Clarke & Larkin, Certified Public Accountants, with offices in

the Masonic Temple, in the city of Manila.

Mr. Larkin was born on May 27, 1880, in Morristown, Tennessee, U. S. A., the son of George Taylor and Martha Ann (Carriger) Larkin. In 1913 he married Marie Durst.

They have two children.

He was educated at the high school of his' home town and at the Holbrook Business College and Tennessee Normal College where he obtained his B.Accts. degree. During the Spanish-American War he served as a corporal, 6th U. S. Volunteers. He also served as a captain in the Tennessee National Guard and was founder of the Morristown Business School.

It was, however, in 1903, when Mr. Larkin came to the Philippines. He worked for the Philippine government as an Accountant in the Bureau of Coast Guard and Trans346

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES portation, 1903-1904; Audit Clerk in the Bureau of Audits, 1904-1909; and Chief Accountant, Bureau of Public Works, 1909-1911.

Since 1911 Mr. Larkin has been engaged in private practice as a Certified Public Accountant. He was a professoriallecturer at the University of the Philippines; President of the Board of Accountancy, P. I., for six years, and was also President of the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accoutants for three years. He is a Certified Public Accountant not only in the Philippines but also in California.

He is also a member of many commercial and social organizations.

As a social service worker, Mr. Larkin is an Elk, Manila Lodge NQ. 761; Scottish Rite Mason, 33rd degree honorary; Shrinet, Nile Temple; Past Master, Southern Cross Lodge No.6, F. & A. M.; Past President, Masonic Hospital for Crippled Children; Past Grand Master, Grand Lodge of F. & A. M. of the Philippine Islands; P. W. P., Mayon Chapter, O. E. S.; P. R. P., Far East Court, Order of the Amaranth; Past President, Far East Chapter No. 15, National Sojourners.

From the vast store of his varied business experience, he said: "A Certified Public Accountant must have as a foundation for success in life a good education, a thorough knowledge of accounting, auditing, business and commercial law, and above all, he must possess an unquestionable character."

LA TO NERO, CIRIACO L. Acting Provincial Treasurer of Masbate. He was born in the town of Castilla, province of -Sorsogon, on May 4, 1893. He completed the intermediate course in Bulan, Sorsogon, during the year 1915. He applied for the position as clerk in the office of the municipal treasurer 347

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of Sorsogon, and was admitted as an apprentice. In June, 1915, he was formally appointed temporary clerk. He took the third grade civil service examination on September 18, 1915, and was later permanently appointed second clerk in the same office for three years. In October 1916, he was designated Special Deputy Provincial Treasurer of Sorsogon. However, in 1918, he tendered his resignation and decided to go to Manila with intention to secure employment in the government bureaus, and enrolled in the Cosmopolitan Business College, taking bookkeeping and preparing for second grade examination. He passed the second grade civil service examination in 1918 and was as a result appointed clerk in the Bureau of Internal Revenue on October 1, 1918. He took the junior bookkeeper examination in 1919 and was later appointed assistant bookkeeper. While working in this Bureau he enrolled in the Far Eastern College as a special student and studied higher accountancy leading to the acquisition of Diploma in Commerce. On April 1, 1921, he applied for reinstatement and was appointed Deputy Provincial Treasurer. Later he was appointed Chief Clerk and Deputy, and made Acting Provincial Treasurer of Mash-ate since 1935. "To serve the government faithfully" is his philosophy of life.

LAUBACH, FRANK CHARLES

Missionary and Author. Dr. Laubach was born in Benton, Pennsylvania, U. S. A., on September 2, 1884, the son of John Brittain Laubach and Harriet Derr Laubach.

He attended the Benton High School, 1900; Bloomsburg Normal School, RE., 1901; Perkiomen School, 1905; Princeton University, 1909; Columbia University, M.A., 1911, and Ph.D., 1915; and the Union Theological Seminary, 1914.

He was Secretary of the Charity Organization Society of New York, 1914-1915; Missionary in Cagayan de Misamis, 1915-1920; Secretary of the Y.M.C.A. at Camp Claudio for 348

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the National Guard, 1918; Dean of the Union College, 19221926; and also conducted literacy campaigns in Lanao and later in Southern Asia, 1929-1934. The books he wrote were: Religious Problems of the Filipino Youth, Why Protestants Are Needed, The People of the Philippines, Seven Thousand Emeralds, The Philippine Literacy Method, and Ufe of Jose Rizal (1936). His philosophy of life is: "A Christlike man has one hand lifted to the sky asking, 'Who needs me next?' and the other stretched outward to help everybody." His life work serves as an ennobling example to those who hope to achieve a name for themselves in the service of the Master.

LA UREL, JOSE P. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Lawyer, Doctor of Civil Law and Philosophy and Author. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. One of the 1935 Distinguished Alumni of the university of the Philippines. The citation reads as follows: "Jose P. Laurel, native of Tanauan, Batangas, Bachelor of Laws from the University of the Philippines, Doctor of Civil Law from Yale University, and Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Sto. Tomas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, outstanding constitutional lawyer, author, researcher, scholar, and public servant, to you-Jose P. Laurel, in accordance with the recommendation of a Board of Citizens, the Board of Directors of the University of the Philippines Alumni Association. through the President of the University of the Philippines awards a Gold Medal of Merit and upon you confers a Diploma of Honor for distinguished achievements in the field of constitutional law and public service. In testimony whereof I now present you with this Diploma of Honor and this Gold Medal of Merit. By this diploma your fellow alumni recognize the high position you have won for 349

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES yourself in the public esteem for your talent and the integrity of your char~.cter. You have given generously of yourself to the service of your people, and your record as a public servant is an example of devotion and loyalty to duty that is an inspiration to the youth of the land, and to the nation at large."

He was recently appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Dr. Laurel is author of many law books, and recently of two books, one on social problems, and another on the Constitution.

LAVIDES, FRANCISCO

Assemblyman from the Second District of Tayabas and Lawyer. He was born in Atimonan, Tayabas, on June 4, 1893. He finished his elementary education in Atimonan public schools and graduated from the Tayabas High School, 1911. Later he studied law in the College of Law, University of the Philippines, where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1916. He was private secretary to Associate Justice George A. Malcolm of the Supreme Court from 1917 to 1919; Member of the Bar Examining Committee of the Supreme Court for four times. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Tayabas to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Islands.

LAYA, UBALDO D. Provincial Treasurer of Lanao. He was born in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur, on May 28, 1892. He finished the elementary course of instruction in his home town in 1908, the first year of the secondary course in Vigan High School, Vigan, Ilocos Sur, 1908-1909; attended the second year class in the same high school from June to November, 1909, and toward the end of that year, he quitted school and joined the Bureau of Posts as Telegraph Operator, 350

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES pensionado in the Bureau of Posts' Telegraph School of Manila, where he graduated on February 28, 1910. He served under the Bureau of Posts, as Student Operator, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija; Postmaster-Operator, Mangaldan, Pangasinan; Operator, Manila, and Operator in Zamboanga from 1910 to 1915. Later he resigned from the Bureau of Posts to join the provincial service. He was appointed in the office of the Provincial Treasurer of Lanao on March 1, 1915, first as Clerk (1915), Cashier and Assistant Bookkeeper (1916), and then Chief Clerk (1917-1919). Later on he was promoted to the position of Provincial SecretaryTreasurer of the same province on July 1, 1920. He served as Provincial Treasurer of Davao and as Secretary-Treasurer of Sulu, 1927-1934, but he transferred back to Lanao from 1934 in the same capacity up to the present. He also has been Acting Provincial Governor of the province of Lanao from November 15, 1935, to date. His present ambition is to give children proper education.

T. Assemblyman from the First District of Ilocos Norte and Lawyer. Born in Bacarra, Ilocos N.orte, on November 27, 1897, he was educated at the primary and elementary schools of his province. He finished high school in a High School of Manila in 1920. He studied law at the College of Law, graduating as Bachelor of Laws in 1924. In 1931 he 'Was elected representative to the Philippine Legislature, and in 1935 assemblyman from Ilocos Norte to the Commonwealth National Assembly.

LAZO, VICENTE

LEDESMA, JUAN

Farmer and Businessman. He was born in SHay, Occidental Negros, on February 8, 1907. His parents are Julio and Florentina Ledesma. He was educated in San Carlos, Occidental Negros, and in the De La Salle College 351

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES in Manila where he graduated in 1926. He was president of the San Carlos Planters' Association, member of the board of directors of the Confederacion de Asociaciones y Plantadores' de Cafiadulce, N egros N:avigation Company, Iloilo Stock Exchange, Golden State Mining Corporation.

In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the first district of Occidental N egros to the Constitutional Convention, as one of the youngest members in that body.

LEGARDA, VICENTE L. Vice-Consul and Acting Consul-General for Nicaragua in the Philippines, Civil Engineer and Naval Architect.

Unable to receive funds from his parents in the Philippines while in Glasgow as a student, during the Philippine Revolution, he taught Spanish t o Irish, Scoth and English young men and young women; thus he was able to pave his own way through college.

While he practiced his profession in San Francisco, California, from 1900 to 1909, working during the day and teaching at night, his meritorious work through his untiring industry caught the attention of the then GovernorGeneral of the Philippine Islands, the Hon. William Cameron Forbes, who advised him to work in the Philippines instead of abroad, even at a great sacrifice to his earning power.

In the State of California, United States of America, it was industrious Mr. Legarda who drew most of the construction plans of the sister~cruisers "California" and ~'South Dakota" at the Union Iron Works Shipbuilding Yard at San Francisco. He also drew and designed the plans for the Orpheum Theatre, the most modern then in the City of the Golden Gate, and the plans of the Emporium Building, the largest Department Store in the whole Pacific Coast.

352

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Returning to the Philippines, the land which saw his birth, in 1909, in accordance with Governor Forbes' suggestions and recommendations, he joined the Bureau of Public Works in Manila, working as Arehitect, Civil Engineer, Chief Estimator, Chief Structural Engineer, Editorin-Chief of the Bureau of Public Works Bulletin, Superintendent of Construction and held many other positions of importance and responsibility.

It was again Mr. Legarda, the popular consulting architect, who designed the foundation plans of the Philippine Legislative Building as well as those of the Post Office Building, two outstanding architectural achievements of the Insular Government in the City of Manila.

As a leade~ and builder of Philippine commerce and industry, Mr. Legarda was one of the organizers of the twenty-million-peso mutual building and loan association, La Previsora Filipma. It was he who, as Manager and Consulting Architect of said organization, made this firm one of the biggest of its kind in the Philippines.

Born on December 13, 1874, in Manila, Mr. Legarda is the eldest son of Don Miguel Legarda y Tuason and Dona Genoveva Flores y Zamora.

He began his early studies in Manila up to the year 1887 when he left for Europe, residing in Spain, England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland and many other countries of the Old World during 1888-1900, and finishing his course on Architecture in 1900.

From Europe Mr. Legarda went to the United States of America and stayed in San Francisco, California, where he practiced the various phases of Engineering in the Union Iron Works Shipbuilding Yard, 1900-1906; with Messrs. Landsburgh and Joseph, Architects and Engineers, 1906-1908; and with Messrs. D. H. Burnham and Co., Ar353

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES chitects and Engineers, 1908-1909. Also, he taught Civil Engineering and Naval Architecture at night at the Technical College for American Men and Boys in connection with the San Francisco Y.M.C.A .• Evening Classes from 1900 to 1909.

Mr. Legarda is the Founder and Director of the Commonwealth University.

Observe closely his philosophy on the secret of his success and achievement: "It is determination that makes a successful life.

"But thrift builds up man's fortune.

"If you would achieve something worth living for, burn the midnight lamp, be an honest man, and serve Humanity and God." Mr. Legarda is an active member of the Institute of Architects and Engineers. He belongs to the Manila Council No. 1000 of the Knights of Columbus. An active member of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands, he is also a membe.r of the Association of Manila Property Owners.

A great traveler and a keen observer of things, Mr. Legarda has circled the globe eight times and has lived abroad for more than twenty-one years.

In 1917 he married Dona Clara Tambunting, eldest daughter of Don Ildefonso Tambunting, prominent Manila merchant. Mr. Legarda resides at his mansion, simple but artistic, on Calle Maytubig, Pasay, Rizal, facing the picturesque Manila Bay, the scene of nature's beauties and witness of many a critical event in the annals of Philippine history.

Mr. Legarda is now the Vice-Consul and the Acting Consul-General for the Republic of Nicaragua in Manila.

On April 13, 1934, Mr. Legarda received from the Legation of Nicaragua at Washington, D.C., his "Exequatur" signed 354

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES on February 5, 1934, by the Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States.

Mr. Legarda is really a man of the world, erudite in all he does. As a writer, who can excel the vigorous sweep of thought, the simple style and the Kipling-like contrasts delicately and subtly displayed in his philosophic essay entitled El Lujo Mata (Luxury Kills) ?

But one should not wonder so much at this. Because way back in 1904 to 1909 Mr. Legarda edited the first Filipino magazine in Berkeley, California, called The Philippine Review, printed in English and in Spanish.

Such is the result of his untiring industry, his sterling character, his rugged honesty, which, like the Rock of Gibraltar, formidably withstands all rains and storms, because he is self-made, and because he is above all what Burns calls an honest man, "the noblest work of God." S. DE One of the Technical Advisers,

LEON, ApOLINARIO

Lawyer and Auditor.

Malacafiang Palace.

Before his assignment as Auditor in the provincial government of Pampanga he was the Assistant Manager of the Department of Audits of the Bureau of Audits.

Born forty-two years ago in Balanga, province of Bataan, Mr. de Leon is the son of Lorenzo de Leon and Fernanda Salazar.

He was educated at the Balanga Primary School, at the Bataan and Manila high schools, and was a graduate of the Philippine Law School, National University, where he obtained his LL.B. degree in 1921.

At the Bureau of Education and later at the Bureau of Audits, in the city of Manila, Mr. de Leon began to make his way in the world with the salary of forty pesos.

With the Bureau of Audits he became connected in 1917, starting from the bottom of the ladder, until his mettle 355

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES was proven because of study and preparation in 1929 when he acted as assistant manager of the department of audits.

The life of Mr. de Leon seems common, but to the youth of the country very uncommon. Self-helped, selfraised and self-made, his career stands as a stimulus to all those who blame their stars because they are unlucky; his achievement is unusual, his progress steady, and his ambition noble.

He was past master of Pampanga Lodge, No. 48, F. & A.M. "In youth it has been always my ambition to be called a good son ... " A "good son" always becomes a "good man." And do not from the good men of our country come able leaders in all walks of life?

It is the pleasure of this good man and true to be able in some way to serve others. The man who serves others serves society and he who serves society serves humanity. "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends," the book of books says.

R. DE Businessman and Owner and Manager of The Emporium, Mr. Bonifacio R. de Leon has given us the "Restwel" brand of Filipino made bed, iron and brass, a product known from the Batanes to the Sulu Islands. " Tired of being an employee and desirous of paddling his own canoe, Mr. de Leon had at last struck upon a happy idea. The business idea was born. He had many obligations to meet. His family was growing. His friends advanced further and further. Should he be left behind in the race?

He decided, No! So right in front of the old Manila Grand Opera House he opened a shop-a barber shop chair and a wooden bed, just ordinary ones, to begin with.

LEON, BONIFACIO

356

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Did he sit there and wait for customers? He did not, but went about and secured orders. Soon the beds increased and demand exceeded supply. Simmons beds were put there. And then, little by little, he built his own factory which now manufactures the Restwel beds, painted with Duco, stylish, comfortable, and enduring.

Hard work, good service, and sincere advertising, these three made Mr. de Leon what he is today-a successful businessman, belonging to those book stories which we love in the school days-the Poor Boys Who Became Successful.

The son of Proceso de Leon and Juanita del Rosario, Mr. de Leon was born in the city of Manila in 1893.

He was educated at the Catholic School and also at the public s'chools of Sampaloc. Later on he attended the Philippine School of Commerce and took bookkeeping and stenography and gr~duated in 1918.

Mr. de Leon joined the Bureau of Forestry, as ranger, for six years. Leaving the government service, he joined the Gibson Furniture Store, working as bookkeeper, accountant, and then cashier. But that restlessness, that dissatisfaction in him forced Mr. de Leon to think ahead.

So in 1924 he started the Emporium, the house of Restwel beds.

When a man works hard and honestly, gives all his life and love to a task, and will defend it against the world -that man, believe Mr. de Leon, will succeed, will prosper.

LEON, CRESCENCIA RAMOS DE

Social Leader and Pharmaceutical Chemist. She was born on June 15, 1892, and was educated in Vigan and later in the Manila High School, where she graduated in 1911, classmate of Secretary Quirino, Justice Laurel, and Mr. Villamin. Enroling at the University of the Philippines, she received in 1914 her Pharmaceutical Chemist 357

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES degree, and B.S.Ph. degree in 1915. After finishing her studies, she taught in the Vigan High School, and later took charge of the Ilocos Branch of the Botica Boie.

Mrs. de Leon finds ample time for her social welfare work in behalf of the Puericulture Center. She is the president of the Ilocos Sur Chapter of the alumni association of the University of the Philippines.

LEON, DIONISIO DE

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Fifth Judicial District, Pangasinan and Zambales. He is 44 years old.

He was Assistant City Fiscal, Manila, from 1923 to 1924.

On March 1, 1929, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge, and District Judge in 1933. He was one of the winners in the U.P. College of Law Oratorical Contests.

LEON, JosE' L. DE

Corporation Executive and Agriculturist.

The Founder and President of the most efficient sugar central in the Philippine Islands, the Pampanga Sugar Development Co., Inc., (Pasudeco) of San Fernando, Pampanga, one of the wealthiest men of the Islands, the foremost Filipino exponent in the centrifugal sugar industry.

He was born of poor parents, Damaso de Leon and Graciana Hizol1, in Bacolor, Pampanga, on September 12, 1867; married to Regina Joven in 1886 and to Natividad Joven in 1905. His only son is Jose de Leon, Jr., lawyer, at present Treasurer of the Pasudeco Central and manager of the vast interests of Don Pepe.

Mr. Jose L. de Leon is a self-made man in the strict sense of the word. His townmates say, ''We know him well. He began business in a very ingenious way, with practically nothing. Then with hard work, little by little he saved, invested and struggled early and late. He engaged later in agriculture and became rich. He is charita358

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ble, a very religious man, prompt in his obligations. His credit is beyond question. His first venture in business was a store in Bacolor. Then he engaged on a bigger scale in business until he conceived the idea of founding the Pampanga Sugar Development Co., Inc.,-the one enterprise for which he will be long remembered not only by his associates and his townmates, but also by the Filipino people, and the business world."

"But how did he do it?" one may well ask, because recently he has bought millions of pesos worth of real estate in the city of Manila.

"He is a salesman. He was agent for Messrs. Clayton & Shuttleworth of Lincoln, England, manufacturers of machinery for :rice and sugar mills.

"He is also a leader in agriculture. He is a scientific farmer, the owner of vast lands.

"In our town he was once a councilor. But he is more interested in religious affairs than in politics. He discharges his duties religiously. That is why he has succeeded in all that he did."

Mr. de Leon was Vice-President of the Central Luzon Milling Co., and member of the board of directors of the Philippine National Bank.

Modest and retiring, but an indefatigable worker, Mr. de Leon is thorough in all that he puts his hands to; thoughtful and conservative, he is the soul of courtesy.

Such are the qualities that made Mr. Jose L. de Leon, a leader in Philippine agriculture and sugar industry, and the head and founder of the most efficient and successful sugar central, the Pampanga Sugar Development Co., Inc., in the whole Islands, and perhaps in the Orient, for its branch is known in Wall Street, New York.

On his desk lies a chart of his work and a picture of Jesus Christ, his inspiration in all he thinks and does, for 359

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES many a time he said to the boys who came to him for help, "You are young and strong; study and work hard honestly; follow the footsteps of Jesus Christ."

LEON, LUIS N. DE

Assemblyman from the Second District Of Camarines Sur and Attorney-at-law. He was born in Iriga, Camarines Sur, on August 25, 1899. He studied in Iriga Elementary School, 1908-1915; Camarines Sur High School, 19151919; Philippine Law School, 1922-1926, LL.B. He was teacher, Iriga Elementary School, 1920-1922, and Member, House of Representatives, 1934-1935. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Camarines Sur to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

LESACA, JUAN G.

Judge of the Oourt of First Instance, Fifteenth J udicial District, Albay and the Sub Province of Catanduanes.

He is 59 years old. Previous to his appointment to the JUdiciary, he was Third Member of the Provincial Board of Zambales from 1907 to 1910; Provincial Governor of Zambales in 1910; and Provincial Fis'cal of Batangas from 1918 to 1922. He was appointea Auxiliary Judge on March 1, 1922, and in 1923, District Judge.

LESACA, POTENCIANO

Assemblyman from Zambales and Agriculturist. Born in Botolan, Zambales, in January, 1871, and his parents were Luis Lesaca and Juana Garcia. He studied in the elementary school of his home town, and then in Manila, graduating in commerce from the Ateneo de Manila in 1888.

He was census inspector; president of the commission which established civil government in Zambales; first elected provincial governor of Zambales in 1902, and reelected in 360

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1904; honorary member of the mission from the Philippines to the Universal Exposition at St. Louis in 1914.

During the Philippine Revolution he took active part as Major under Gen. Antonio Luna and Gen. San Miguel.

In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the province of Zambales to the Constitutional Convention 路 and in 1935 elected Assemblyman from Zambales to the National Assembly of the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines.

LIBORO, AGUSTIN

Physician, Specialist in heart and stomach diseases.

Born forty-one years ago at Lubang, Mindoro, Dr. Liboro is the son of Andres Liboro and Genoveva Tajonera.

He married Socorro Lopez and has five children living, one girl and four boys.

Dr. Liboro was educated in his home town. He attended t~e Ateneo de Manila and obtained his A.B. degree in 1911. Continuing his studies, he entered the Univerthen, through long, varied, and painstaking study and exdegree.

Shortly after passing the medical board examination, Dr. Liboro joined the Bureau of Science for eight months and later served as professor in general medicine at the University of Santo Tomas.

In order to attend to his growing clientele, he left the Bureau of Science and opened his clinic in the city of Manila and engaged entirely in private 路practice. Since then, through long, varied, and painstaking study and experience, Dr. Liboro has gradually pushed his way towards the top of his profession. His name is now known throughout the provinces and his clients come from the different parts of the Islands.

Such an outstanding achievement must of course have its basis. There is no secret for this at all. Dr. Liboro 361

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES has specialized in the diseases of the heart and the stomach. Thus specialization nowadays counts a great deal, if a physician means to amount to anything.

Dr. Liboro is a member of the Philippine Columbian Association, Club Filipino, Manila Medical Society and Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas.

Dr. Liboro has not gone abroad. But his experience and his personal studies made him one of our outstanding physicians of these days. But how was he able to attain such height and such eminence?

The reason is simple. Let the doctor speak for himself: "I am convinced that the practice of medicine is very, very necessary in this world. That is why I chose this profession. To know people's illnesses and be able to make them healthy and happy, what more could one desire? ..

Specialize if you want to amount to anything. It is the dem.and of the times, of success, if you please."

After a significant pause, he continued: "Be democratic; that is, treat all patients equally, no rich, no poor; the physician must be honest, perseverant, unselfish; above all, he must believe in himself before he can make the world believe in him."

LIBORO, CIPRIANO

Lawyer and Agriculturist. He was born in Palauan, Mindoro, on September 26, 1893, the son of Agustin Liboro and Tomasa Abeleda, and educated first under the tutelage of his parents, and later in Manila where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts from the Liceo de Manila. He was admitted to practice law in 1916. He was 1918 census inspector for Mindoro, and provincial governor of his province from 1919 to 1925. One of the outstanding political leaders of his province, he was elected Delegate from Mindoro to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

362

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

P. Lawyer; Professor, and Assistant Dean of the College of Law, University of Santo Tomas. He was born in Manila on November 27, 1902. He attended the public schools in Manila and graduated from the Central School.

He also attended the Harvard College, A.B., 1923; and Harvard Law School, LL.B., 1926. He is co-author with Moorfield Storey of Conquest of the Philippines by the United States. He has been Assistant to Manley O. Hudson, legal adviser, and Secretariat of the League of Nations at Geneva in 1926. He was Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice in 1929, and technical adviser to the Philippine Independence Missions of 1930 and 1932 to the United States. Mr. Lichauco is also member of the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States.

LICHAUCO, MARCIAL

J. W. Division Superintendent of Schools of Nueva Vizcaya.

He was born in 'Weatherford, Texas, on September 4, 1887, and educated at Baylor University, Waco, Texas, graduating in 1912. The following year he was made principal of the Livingston High School, Texas, and just prior to the close of that school year he resigned to accept a post in the Philippine Bureau of Education. He was appointed supervising teacher in Bulacan on June 9, 1913. He served for four years in that province as supervising teacher, transferred to Leyte in the same capacity in 1917, and to Misamis until he was appointed division superintendent of Schools. After four years in Sulu, he was transferred to Samar, then to Sorsogon and finally to Nueva Vizcaya in 1931.

LIM, ALEJANDRO T. Provincial Governor of Antique. Born in the town of Tibiao, Antique, on May 3, 1903, he began his studies in the LIGHT,

363

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Primary School of Tibiao and then in the Iloilo Intermediate School. Later on he transferred to the J aro Industrial School, now the Philippine Central College, Jaro, Iloilo. He finished his high school course in Silliman Institute, Oriental Negros, and took up law in the Philippine Law School, College of Law of the National University, and completed the course in March, 1926. In January, 1928, he was appointed Justice of the Peace of Tibiao and later of Culasi; he resigned in 1931, ran for Member of the Provincial Board and was elected. In 1934 he was elected Provincial Governor of Antique.

LIM, MANUEL

Lawyer and Businessman. Mr. Lim was born in Bautista, Pangasinan, on August 6, 1899, the son of Mariano Lim and J osefa Moran. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree, m.agna cum. laude, from the Ateneo de Manila, and his Bachelor of Laws degree, with highest honors, from the University of the Philippines in 1921. He became secretary to Senate President Quezon and then joined the Parliamentary Mission in 1922. He has been engaged in the practice of his profession as senior partner of the law firm, Duran, Lim, and Tuason. He was president of the Lawyer's League of the Philippines, member of the American Bar Association, American Bank Attorneys, National Geographic Society, Philippine Antituberculosis Society, Young Men's Christian Association, Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, director of the Eastern Theatrical Enterprises, secretary of the Yek Tong Lin Fire and Marine Insurance Company, former director of the University of the Philippines and Ateneo Alumni Association, secretary of the Surigao Electric Company, president of the Diding Exploration Company, and member of the Board of Examiners for the admission of lawyers to the practice of law. In 1934, he 384

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES was elected Delegate from the north district of Manila to the Constitutional Convention.

LIM, VICENTE

Soldier and Chief of the Work Plans Division, Philippine Army. This soldier's life is more or less like the hero-stories we read in the public schools during our primary days because he rose from the lowest to the highest rank which the United States Army could give to a Filipino soldier. He is Lieutenant-Colonel in the United States Army, and the husband of the social welfare worker, Mrs. Pilar Hidalgo-Lim. His rank in the Philippine Army is Brigadier-General and he is the Chief of the Work Plans Division. Discipline, to this soldier, is the soul of success.

LIM:JAP-OSMENA, ESPERANZA

Social Worker. Wife of Vice-President Sergio Osmeiia and leading social worker, she was born of rich parents in the metropolis on December 18, 1894. She attended classes at the exclusive Assumption College, and then toured the countries of Europe and the United States. As one of the most-traveled women in the Islands, she is member of the Women's Catholic League and other social welfare organizations, and a very active Catholic woman.

LIM TIA W PING

General Manager of the Philippine Aromatic Cigarette Manufacturing Co., Inc., an executive of no mean ability, for he is one of the leaders in his trade and industry.

Born on September 12, 1900, in Fookien, China, son of Lim Chow Bien, a merchant of the Islands, Mr. Lim began, like most big corporation executives, in a very modest way.

365

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was educated first in China, and on his arrival, in 1916, in Manila he studied at the Anglo-Chinese School.

He entered later the Instituto de Manila, and in 1924 he obtained his degree of Bachelor of Science in Commerce from the Jose Rizal College, where he specialized in Commerce and Administration.

Mr. Lim started his business career as cashier of the Philippine Aromatic Cigarette Manufacturing Co., Inc. Through persistent work and painstaking study he rose to the enviable position of assistant manager and soon became manager. Upon assuming charge as general manager, in 1930, he completely reorganized the business along modern lines. Its products were properly advertised, new machineries were installed, and new brands of aromatic cigarettes were put on the market. No wonder that business boomed, and that in 1931, Mr. Lim was elected Vice-President and General Manager of the Corporation.

For eight years he has given practically all of his time to making the company what it is today. He is one of the biggest stockholders of the firm now. Aside from this work, he is also connected with other business and social institutions. He is member and past master of the Hagdang-Bato Lodge, No. 87, F. & A.M. Young, but progressive, Mr. Lim is a man of brilliant executive ability, a man of patience, for he knows that patience determines success. "My policy is this: Courtesy, Service and Quality."

LIPPA Y, ALEXANDER

Director and Vice-President of the Academy of Music of Manila. Dr. Lippay is one of Manila's best orchestral directors. He was the founder of the Academy of Music of Manila. At one time, he was also the Director of the Conservatory of Music of the University of the Philippines.

Today he is musical director of the famous Manila Sym366

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES phony Society which has from time to time entertained Manila music lovers with native music and the works of the masters.

LIQUETE, LEONCIO GONZALES

Journalist. Born in Aliaga, Nueva Ecija, in 1879, he was educated in Barcelona, Spain, and in Manila, A.B. and Accountant; newspaperman at eighteen, connected with the Diario de Manila, El Co'mercia, El Progreso, and various other weekly and daily papers. He accompanied the Philippine Commission on its trip throughout the archipelago for the establishment of civil rule in the provinces; spread American ideas as correspondent of several newspapers, and popularized the works of the Commission. He was Secretary of the Federal Party; editor of La Democracia in 1904, the organ of the Federal Party, and supporter of the Americanization of the Phi1i~pines.

LI SENG GIAP

Businessman; General Manager of Li Seng Giap & Co., one of the biggest firms in the city of Manila; leader in commercial circles.

Modest in appearance and sunny in nature, Mr. Li Seng Giap is the prototype of simplicity, the man who always does things which others think impossible.

The Li Seng Giap & Co. are exporters and importers, commission merchants and consignees, and dealers in big scale of hemp, copra and sugar, having offices and properties in the different cities of the Archipelago.

An official of various commercial corporations and charitable institutions, Mr. Li Seng Giap shuns publicity personally, although he believes that true publicity is the fountain of lasting prosperity.

If a man has a plan in life, works hard, does his business vicariously, nev{'r gives up and always puts his best 367

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES in all his labors, then, that man will some day be, like modest Mr. Li Seng Giap, a leader in the social as well as in the commercial affairs of his community.

LIZARES, SIMPLICIO

Agriculturist. Mr. Lizares, the son of Efigenio Lizares and Enrica Alunan, was educated under private tutors, and later in the Ateneo de Manila. He is one of the wealthiest sugar planters in the Philippines. He is President of the Talisay-Silay Milling Corporation, an official of the Philippine Sugar Association, and member of other sugar planters' cooperative societies in Iloilo and Occidental Negros. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the second district of Occidental N egros to the Constitutional Convention.

LIZARRAGA, Tmso Manager, Lizarraga Hermanos. Born on April 12, 1888, in Iloilo, and son of Tirso Lizarraga and Maria Fernandez Lizarraga, he was educated abroad, in Spain, France, and Scotland. He returned to the Philippines in 1907 when he started his business career. He is General Manager of Lizarraga Hermanos, with offices in Manila and Iloilo, and his business activities cover Luzon and Visayas. He is member, board of directors, of the Kabankalan Sugar Co., Inc., Mt. Arayat Sugar Co., Inc., ' La Urbana, and Philippine Aerial Taxi Co., Inc. This commercial executive is member of the Spanish Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands and the Philippine Sugar Association.

LLADOC, CASIMIRO

Bishop, Bacolod, N egros Occidental. Reverend Lladoc is one of the few priests of the Roman Catholic Church in the Islands who holds this office in the Diocese of Baco368

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES lod, Negros Occidental, comprising the provinces of Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, and the Island of Siquijor.

The services of men like him shall be a lamp to our feet on earth and a hymn to God in heaven.

LOCKWOOD, LoT DEAN

Lawyer, Public Utility Specialist, Business Executive, President of the Pampanga Bus Company, Inc., Northern Luzon Transportation Company, Inc., and A. L. Ammen Transportation Company, Inc. This pioneer public utility incorporator both in land and air transportation was born on February 20, 1879, Brownsville, California, U. S. A., son of Thomas J. and Albertina (Brown) Lockwood. He is a member of the Manila Lodge, Elks, Past Exalted Ruler, Manila Golf Club, Manila Polo Club, Rotary Club, and Baguio Country Club.

Educated in the public schools of California, the Wilkins Normal Institute and Stanford University, Mr. Lockwood was a self-supporting student. He taught for four years in California and arrived in the Philippines in 1904 for the Bureau of Education. He was a supervising teacher from 1904 to 1907; then provincial treasurer, 1907-1911; and district auditor, 1911-1913; since which time he has been engaged in the practice of law.

Adventurous in spirit and inspired with the great work which the government was doing in the Islands, Mr. Lockwood was conscious that he was also doing good work when he participated in the gigantic educational work of the government for nine years. That is why he came to the Philippines, aided in the great work here and found his niche.

As he expressed it in his inspiring manner, "I practised law on my account from July, 1913 to 1926 at Legaspi and Naga. In those early days I naturally engaged in 369

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES general practice, handling all kinds of cases. I took part in some of the first most important election cases, such as Garchitorena versus Crescini.

"Later my attention was diverted to land registration cases. In the last ten years or so I have largely specialized in public utility legal matters. This came about because as attorney for the late A. L. Ammen, I incorporated the A. L. Ammen Transportation Co. in 1914, the first land automotive transportation company incorporated in the Philippine Islands. Being attorney for this company I served also as director of the same. Later I served other transportation companies which were organized. I came to Manila to represent most of the large transportation companies in the Islands as well as electric light plants and other public utility corporations. I organized the Pampanga Bus Company. I incorporated the first air transportation company, the Philippine Airways, Inc., and later the Philippine Aerial Taxi Company, the first corporation of its kind to enter regular air transportation in the Islands. I consider that the biggest thing I liave done in the Philippine Islands is the part I have played in the development of the public service or utility law here." For indeed, it was Mr. Lockwood who obtained the judicial sanction of the Supreme Court to the theory that when one public service operator is rendering sufficient and adeqnate service in a given field no other operator is allowed to come into that field, as laid down in the famous case of Batangas Transportation Co. versus Orlanes, decided by .the P. I. Supreme Court in December, 1928; thus putting the public utility business on a sounder basis than previously.

And this brilliant achievement was all due to the rigid rule always adhered to in all his activities-"I do my work the best I can-fair and just to everyone " 370

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES LoCSIN, ARSENIO

Judge of the Second Branch of the Municipal Court of the City of Manila. Judge Locsin was born in Molo, Iloilo, in the year 1886. Since his appointment to the City Municipal Court on March 13, 1920, he has been continually in the service up to the present time. He has been professorial lecturer in the Manila College of Law and the University of Santo Tomas. l

LoCSIN, DIEGO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Fifteenth Judicial District, Sorsogon and Mash-ate.

He is 44 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice from 1920 to 1931. On January 3, 1931, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge, and in 1933 elevated to his present position.

C. Physician and Agriculturist. Dr. Locsin was born in Silay, Occidental Negros, on August 27, 1891, son of Domingo Locsin and Enriqueta Cortez. He obtained his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Santo Tomas. He was municipal councilor of Silay for two terms; member of the provincial board of Occidental N egros from 1922 to 1925; provincial governor from 1925 to 1928; representative from 1928 to 1931, and delegate from the first district of Occidental N egros to the Constitutional Convention in 1934. For ten years until 1928, he was secretary of the Sugar Planters' Association of Saravia, Occidental Negros. He became representative of the Liga de la Proteccion de la Infancia in Occidental N egros, and special representative in his province of the Public Welfare Commission from 1912 to 1921. Member of the Philippine Columbian Association and other important civic organizaLOCSIN, JOSE

371

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES tions, Dr. Locsin was one of the ablest governors of his province.

LoCSIN, MARIANO A. Lawyer. He was born in Daraga, Albay, on March 24, 1884. He was first educated in the private schools established in his town. At the age of nine, he entered the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Manila, where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts. For two years, because of the Spanish-American war, he stopped his studies. In 1900 he went to Europe where he stayed for three years, going to the principal cities of Spain, France and England. He graduated as Bookkeeper from the College of Kengsington in London. He went back to the Philippines in 1903 and continued his stlldies in the Escuela de Derecho. In March, 1909, he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws, took the bar examinations and was admitted to practice law by the Supreme Court. Since that time he has been practising his profession. He was elected member to the Third Philippine Legislature from Albay. Mr. Locsin is one of the leaders of his province.

LoPEZ, ALEJANDRO

Businessman and Agriculturist. He was born in Guagua, Pampanga, on Mareh 16, 1883. He had his first schooling in a private school in his native town, and then he came to ;Manila to study in another private school under Don Enrique Mendiola and later enrolled in the Philippine Normal School where he graduated in 1911. He joined the teaching corps of the Bureau of Education, and for his efficiency he was promoted to supervising teacher of Sta. Rita, Floridablanca and Bacolor in Pampanga. Because of his health, he resigned. Afterwards he engaged in the rice business and succeeded. At present, he is the Manager and chief stockholder of the Lopez Rice Mill Co. 372

BUILDERS OF 'fHE NEW PHILIPPINES

R. Division Superintendent of Schools of Sorsogon. Mr. Lopez was a topnotcher in the examination for division superintendent of schools in 1924.

He studied in the University of the Philippines where he received the A.B. degree in 1917. In 1919, he was sent to the United States as government pensionado. He obtained his A.B. from the University of California in 1920 and M.A. from Harvard University in 1922.

Before he was sent to the United States, he taught for two years in the Pangasinan High School. On his return to the Islands in 1922, he was assigned to the Romblon High School. Then he was promoted to principal of Romblon, transferred to Antique, and lastly to Sorsogon. In 1926, he was appointed division superintendent of schools.

He was assigned to Sorsogon iru 1933.

LoPEZ, ESTANISLAO

LoPEZ, EUGENIO

General Manager of the Iloilo-N egros Air Express Co., Inc. He is son of the late Don Benito Lopez, former governor of Iloilo, born in the city of Iloilo, about forty years ago. He was educated in the Ateneo de Manila, and in the U. P. College of Law where he graduated in 1923.

He also studied in the Harvard Law School and traveled extensively abroad. Mr. Lopez was the first President of the Iloilo Rotary Club. He is also President of the TiempoTimes Publishing Company; member -of the Board of Directors of the Iloilo Transportation Company, the Iloilo Express Company, and the Iloilo Chamber of Commerce.

LoPEZ, EUSEBIO

Lawyer. Mr. Lopez was born in Lipa, Batangas, on August 14, 1889, the son of Regino Lopez and Justina Mea, and was educated in the University of the Philippines, 373

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES where he received the Bachelor of Laws degree in 1914.

A member of the Batangas Bar Association and a prominent man in his district, he was elected Delegate from the second district of Batangas to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

LOPEZ-RIZAL, LEONCIO

Chief, Division of Administration, Bureau of Health.

Dr. Lopez Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna, on May 5, 1885. He obtained his M.D. from the University of Sto. Tomas in 1909. He was Member, Intestinal Parasite Research Committee, Medical School, U. P., 1909; Assistant Resident, Tropical Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, 1909; Assistant Resident, Tropical Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, 1910-1911; Assistant Resident, Pediatrics Department, PhUippine General Hospital, 1911-1912; Physician, Anti-T,B. Society, 1912; Investigator, Infant Mortality Committee, Bureau or Health; Health Officer, Bureau of Health, 1914-1934; Chief, Division of Administration, Bureau of Health; Director, Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas, 1929-1933; President, Far Eastern Association of Tropical Medicine, 1934; Philippine Islands Medical Association; Philippine Public Health Association; Charter Member, National Research Council of the Philippines; Government Fellow to the United States, 1919-1920.

Dr. Lopez Rizal has written various scientific articles and he is a contributor to this set of books.

LoPEZ, MARIA

Business Manager; President of the Iloilo-N egros' Air Express Co., Inc. (Inaec). Dona Maria's sketch is a life of achievement. There are so few Filipino women who have made good in business that her success in her endeavor becomes the more notable and outstanding. To run a big transportation firm and still attend to other interests 374

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of the home is indeed too much for a woman to do, but Dona Maria has performed all these efficaciously. In her opinion, what man has done woman can do.

LOPEZ, NATALIO

Assemblyman from the First District of Batangas and Doctor of Medicine. Born in Balayan, Batangas, on May 13, 1898, he was educated at the Ateneo de Manila, 19071916, and at the University of Santo Tomas, 1916-1922.

He obtained his A.B. from Ateneo de Manila, and his M.D. from Santo Tomas University. He was Municipal Councilor of Balayan, Batangas, 1928-1932; President of the 11th Sanitary Division, Nasugbu, Batangas, 1932-1935. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the first district of Batangas to the first Natiolilal Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

LOPEZ, SIXTO

Native of Batangas, oftentimes called the "Grand Old Man of Batangas." A friend of Rizal and an old bachelor, he is living a very quiet but fruitful and independent life.

He has also refused appointment to any government job.

His philosophy of life is: "Always ready for the call of my country."

LOPEZ, VICENTE

President, International Chamber of Commerce, Iloilo.

Son of Eugenio Lopez and Marcela Villanueva, he was born in J aro . Iloilo, about 58 years ago. He was educated under Manuel Lacson of Molo, Iloilo, and later in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Liceo de Manila, and University of Santo Tomas, B.A., and LL.B. After taking and passing the bar examinations, he practiced law and afterwards devoted his time to his sugar plantation in Vallehermoso, Oriental Negros. He took part in the Philippine Revolu375

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES tion as captain under General Pablo Araneta. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the first district of N egros Oriental to the Constitutional Convention. At present he is president of the International Chamber of Commerce of Iloilo.

LORENZO, JACINTO

Deputy Chief of the Fire Department of Manila. He was born in San Antonio, Nueva Ecija, on August 10, 1878, son of Calixto Lorenzo and Tomasa Reyes. He was educated in public as well as in private schools, 1882-1890.

He was clerk, Court of First Instance and the Architect's Office; transferred to the Fire Department in 1935, and then promoted to his present position. Chief Lorenzo is the President of both the Firemen's Relief Association and the Lukban Elementary School Parents and Teachers Association.

LORENZO, PABLO

Lawyer. He was born in Zamboanga, Zamboanga, on March 1, 1887, as son of Pablo Lorenzo, Sr., and Manuela Roxas. He studied in the Ateneo de Manila and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from the University of the Philippines. Mr. Lorenzo was once secretary to Dr. Rafael Palma during the Philippine Commission, and later to Vice-Governor General Henderson S. Martin, member of the Board of Regents, University of the ' Philippines.

He was also Representative from Zamboanga. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from Zamboanga to the Constitutional Convention in Manila.

LUCAS, PABLO

Director, reads like one and ascended which he has

Bureau of Printing. Mr. Lucas' biography of Alger's stories, for he has began as a clerk as director of the Bureau of Printing, to given the best years of his life. Mr. Lucas 376

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES has been sent abroad by the government to specialize in the printing art. The products of the Bureau of Printing on account of him are very praiseworthy. His life gives us the lesson that patience determines success.

Mr. Osias, editor of the Philippine Forum, has this much to say aoout him: "Mr. Lucas is a self-made man.

He began as a worker and has risen from the ranks through merit and hard work. He is by training and experience versed in the various phases of printing. He has been for several years Director of the Bureau of Printing and gives to his work not only the service of an executive but the point of view of an artist."

LUKBAN, CAYETANO

Asemblyman from Camarines Norte and Lawyer. He was born in the Province of Ambos Camarines, in August, 1866. He studied and finished his secondary instruction in the San Juan de Letran College, Manila, and attended the University of Santo Tomas where he obtained the title of Licenciado en Derecho in 1892. He became Promotor Fiscal of the Province of La Union during the years 1894, 1895 and 1896. Before the Revolution he went to Spain, being a member of the Revolutionary Committee of Madrid. In 1900 he went to Hongkong where he became the Secretary of the Philippine Central Revolutionary Committee. Mr. Lukban was Deputy to the first Philippine Assembly of 1907. It was in 1935 when he ran for Assemblyman and was elected to represent Camarines Norte in the first Philippine National Assembly under the Commonwealth Government.

LUKBAN Y MARTINEZ, MIGUEL

Provincial Governor of Camarines Norte. Son of Agustin Lukban and Ruperta Martinez, he was born in Daet, 377

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Camarines Norte, and was educated in the Manila College of Pharmacy, and College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. He studied Civil Engineering at the University of California, United States.

Mr. Lukban was professor of higher mathematics in the Liceo de Manila and in the College of Pharmacy of the same institution. From 1910 to 1911, he was resident physician at St. Paul's Hospital; president of the Sanitary Division, Lopez, Calauag, Guinangan, San Narciso, Tayabas province; president of the Sanitary Division, Infanta, Baler, Polilio, Casiguran, also of Tayabas province. He was physician for the Manila Railroad Company. Mr. Lukban was made first governor of Camarines Norte by appointment in 1920, and in 1925 he was elected to the same position. He represented his province in the Legislature in 1931 and in 1934. B€cause of his good work, he was again elected governor for his province. Once more in the last general elections, he was elected to th€ same position. Mr. Lukban has also served as Lieutenant, then Captain, in the Philippine Army during the R€volution. His philosophy of life is: "Life is such a continuous struggle that he who does not work dies."

LUNA DE SAN PEDRO, ANDRES

One of the foremost Filipino Architects. Designer and builder of the beautiful commercial Perez Samanillo Building, the fine residence of Mr. Jacobo Zob€l, the lovely Sta. Escolastica Conservatory of Music, and the magnificent Crystal Arcade, the most artistic commercial building in the Philippines.

The son of Juan Luna, the famous painter, and Paz Pardo de Tavera, sister of the scholar, Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, Mr. A. Luna de San Pedro was born in Paris, Franc€, more than forty-eight years ago. At the 378

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES age of six, young Andres left Europe with his father and his uncle Antonio, the famous general, for Manila. He began his early education at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila.

One day the young hoy took a ride with his father. Passing the Ayala Bridge, he told his father, so the story runs -"When I am big I will be a painter like you." But the father answered, "Be an architect." And so young Luna's apprenticeship began with Miguel Zaragoza as his teacher in painting and later Ramon Sta. Coloma and Lorenzo Guerrero.

In 1902 Mr. Luna de San Pedro's early efforts were recognized and rewarded when one of his works was given honorable mention by the Colonial Exposition in Hanoi, Indo-China. This inspired him to study and work harder.

In the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 one of his paintings won a silver medal. Another medal was given him in 1908 at the exposition on the Society of Artists in Manila.

But Mr. Luna was not destined to be a painter like his father. He went to Japan to study ceramics. Dissuaded from that he returned to Manila. Then the International Correspondence Schools course in architecture attracted him. He enrolled with the I.C.S. and obtained his diploma in 1911. He went to Europe in 1912. While in Italy he visited the masterpieces of art there. Meeting a friend of his father, Benllure, in Madrid, Mr. Luna was advised to study art in Paris. Through Benllure's recommendation, Mr. Luna met the noted French artist-constructor, Charles Gilardi. And Mr. Luna began to serve his apprenticeship under Gilardi. At night he studied French, and attended the Superior School of Fine Arts in Paris, and worked in the office of Paulin, another noted French architect.' Bauduit was his professor in mathematics, and Yerman, the celebrated sculptor and winner of a grand prize of Rome, his professor in sculpture. He en379

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES tered the Night School de Temple. In 1918 he obtained the A710hitect Diplome Par le Gouvernement Fra;ncais.

Mr. Luna de San Pedro worked in the office of Emil Bertoner, chief architect of the French Government. In 1919 he was admitted to the Salon des Artistes Francais and awarded a prize for his work, School of Fine Arts of Manila, one of the ten who won out of 575 competitors.

He was admitted into membership of the Societe Central des Architectes FrancOJis. When he returned to Manila, Mr. Luna de San Pedro became chief Architect of the City of Manila, 1920-1924.

Now engaged in private practice, Mr. Luna de San Pedro enjoys the reputation of being the most artistic architect in the Philippines. "What he has done is but the realization perhaps of what his famous father Juan Luna, the Filipino painter, advised him-"Be an architect!"

LUNA, CARMEN DE

Directress, Centro Escolar University. Miss de Luna is a product both of the public and private schools of the Philippines. During the directorship of the late Librada A velino, president and founder of the Centro Escolar de Senoritas, Miss de Luna was sub-directress. The steady growth of the institution from college to university is also partly due to Miss de Luna's activities. The Centro Escolar University is also publishing the Rising Philippines which has for its motto "Science and Virtue" in order to produce a richer womanhood. At present, that is also Miss de Luna'f objective in pushing on the steady growth of this seat of learning.

D. One of the First Senators to the Philippine Legislature in 1916. Ex-Senator Luna, who was born in the City of Manila on December 11, 1864, is a brother of our famous LUNA, JOAQUIN

380

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES men from the North, Juan Luna, artist, and Antonio Luna, general of the Philippine Revoluton. In 1898, he managed the first Philippine newspaper, La lndependencia, and later, La Patria. He lias also taken part in the Revolutionary days, acting as representative of La Union to the Malolos Congress. He was member of the Partido Democrata in 1901; appointed agent to the Exposition of St. Louis in 1903; elected Governor of La Union in 1904 and 1906; member of the Philippine Assembly, La Union, 1909-1912; appointed Provincial Governor of the Mountain Province in 1916; appointed Senator for the Twelfth Senatorial District in 1916. In 1907, the Municipality of Namakpacan of La Union was changed to "Luna" in honor of this distinguished and historic name.

LUNA, JUAN L. Assemblyman from Mindoro and Attorney-at-Law. Son of Pedro Lucea Luna and Silvestra Abao, he was born in Calapan, Mindoro, on August 29, 1894. The years 1901 to 1903 were spent in a private school; 1904 to 1907, Calapan Elementary School; 1907 to 1911, Araullo High School; 1911 to 1915, College of Law, University of the Philippines, where he obtained his LL.B. He got the first prize in the 2nd Annual Oratorical Contest; passed the Law Clerk examination and also First Grade Civil Service examination; and was practising attorney from 1915 to 1917. From 19] 7 to 1919, he was attorney and public lands inspector of the Bureau of Lands; 1919 to 1921, Attorney and Notary Public of the Calamba Sugar Estate, Pampanga Sugar Mills, and Pacific Commercial Company. For three terms, 1922 to 1925, 1928 to 1931, and 1932 to 1934, he was member of the Philippine Legislature. He has toured China and Japan as Vice-President of the Philippine Legislative Trade Mission. In 1935, he was elected member of the 381

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

His philosophy of life is: "To live within my own means and limitations in the service of my family, my country, and my God." LUTERO, TIBURCIO

Lawyer and Businessman. He was born in Janiuay, Iloilo, on April 7, 1885, the son of Apolonio Lutero and Tomasa Aliaga. He obtained his education from the primary school of J aniuay and the Molo Institute of Iloilo, and graduated from the University of Santo Tomas as Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to the Philippine bar in 1910. He is president of the Sugar Planters Association of Janiuay, Iloilo, and of the Confederation of Planters of Sara-Ajuy, Barotac Nuevo, Dumangas, and Janiuay. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the third district of Iloilo to the Constitutional Convention.

Luz, ARSENIO N. Business Executive and Publicity Leader in the Philippines. Director-General of the Philippine Carnival Association, the only institution of its kind in the Orient which annually makes the Islands' commerce ' and civilization Known all over the world, now called Philippine Exposition.

It was a long time ago when the editor of El Renacimiento shouted to young cub reporter Luz, "Get it from Fort Santiago!" And without counting the cost, the newshound ran and got what others were unable to get.

The lad began thus his literary apprenticeship. That incident gave the journalists access not only to Fort Santiago but to all other places "worth covering."

382

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He was born in Lipa, Batangas, on December 14, 1888.

At fifteen Arsenio studied at the Liceo de Manila. With his A.B. he started life by working with La Vang'Ulkrdia and El Renacimiento. He also attended the Escuela de Derecho de Manila.

He was one of the Secretaries of then Speaker Osmefia. He became later the editor of El Ideal, the mouthpiece of the Nacionalista Party until 1918.

Mr. Luz was a professor of Spanish in 1918 at the University of the Philippines until he went to the United States as the Commercial Agent of the Philippine Government in New York. He represented the Philippines in the Foreign Trade Convention of San Francisco in 1920 and in the Tropical Products Exposition in London in 1921, and in the Paris Colonial Exposition in 1931. For his latter work he was decorated as Officer of the Legion of Honor by the French Government.

While in New York he studied advanced journalism at the Columbia University. Returning to the Philippines in 1922, he was made editor and manager of the Philippines Herald, the pioneer Filipino daily in English.

Unquestionably publicist Luz made his hit when he managed the Philippine Carnival in 1922. Since then he has been the director-general of the Islands' annual commercial and industrial fair, an institution that not only brings our people in contact with each other, but also encourages initiative and progress in every line of human enterprise.

Mr. Luz is a forceful writer. His articles have been published locally and abroad. He is a man of convictions.

He was the general manager of the first Independence Fund Campaign and member of many Independence Missions to the United States; also member and life of many social and civic clubs and organizations of the country.

383

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES But Mr. Luz's laurels do not rest there. He is also a business man, interested in the economic development of the Islands, for he is a real estate operator, too, in company with Mr. 1. Barza, their firm name being Luz & Barza, managers and administrators. Mr. Luz is General Agent of the National Life Insurance Co. As a leader he was the first Filipino president of the Manila Rotary Club. Mr. Luz was also president of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, and organizer of the Philippine American Trade Association.

Traveler, writer, executive, publicist, the Director of the Philippine Exposition said: "I became a newspaperman because I inherited the inclination and because my first work was with Vida Filipina. I love my present work because to labor is to be happy."

LYONS,

E. S.

Legal Adviser and General Manager of the Methodist Publishing House. He was born on May 12, 1868, in Howell, Michigan. After finishing a course in business at the Puget Sound Business College, he studied law in the law office of James Hamilton Lewis in Seattle, and was in 1893 admitted to practice law. He is also a graduate from the School of Theology, Garrett Theological Seminary.

He came to the Philippines from Singapore in 1903.

Since 1914, he has been connected with the Methodist Publishing House. He is the General Manager and General Attorney of the Methodist Episcopal Church and Mission; also a Mason and social worker.

MABANAG, ALEJO

Lawyer and Ex-Senator. He was born in San Fernando, La Union, on July 14, 1886, son of Liberato Mabanag and Manuela Ragojo. He studied in the public schools of La Union and in the Philippine Normal School, Sampaloc 384

路 BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINE'S Secondary School, and lastly in the University of Santo Tomas, where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1908.

He pursued the legal career in La Jurisprudencia where he graduated December, 1911. He took and passed the bar examinations in 1912. Mr. Mabanag made his way while studying in Manila for he was employed in the Secretaria Ejecutiva from December, 1903, to June, 1912. In Manila he opened his law office, then in his native town, in Pangasinan and in Manila. He is member, Colegio de Abogados de Filipinas and Colegio de Abogados de Pangasinan.

He acted as attorney in the sensational affairs of Governor Calvo and Treasurer Encarnacion and the electoral protest of Governor Calvo against Governor Maramba. Mr. Mabanag is also a journalist of no mean ability, as he founded and directed the vernacular weekly El Derecho and was one of the proprietors of El H eraldo N(U;ional. He was elected Senator from the second senatorial district to the Seventh Philippine Legislature.

MACARTHUR, DOUGLAS

Military Adviser to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines and Chief of Staff of the United States Army. General MacArthur was born in Arkansas, on January 26, 1880, the son of Lieutenant General Arthur (U.S.A.) and Mary P. Hardy MacArthur. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1903. He also studied in the Engineer School of Application, graduating in 1908, and in the Philadelphia Military College where he obtained his D.Sc. in 1928.

He was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant of Engineers on June 11, 1903; 1st Lieutenant on April 23, 1904; Captain on February 27, 1911; Major on December 11, 1915; Colonel of the Infantry, National Army, on August 5, 1917; Brigadier General (temporary) on June 26, 1918; Briga385

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES dier General of the Regular Army on January 20, 1920; Major General on January 17, 1925; and General on November 21, 1930.

His record of service is as follows: duty in the Philippines, 1903-1904; Acting Chief Officer of Engineers, Pacific Division, 1905; duty in Japan, 1905-1906; Aide-deCamp to the President of the United States, 1906-1907; instructor in the Mounted Service Schools, 1908-1910; instructor in the Army Service Schools, 1910-1912; with the Vera Cruz expedition, April-September, 1914; member of the General Staff, 1913-1917; appointed Chief of Staff of the 42nd Division on August 5, 1917; appointed Commander of the 84th Brigade Infantry on August 6, 1918; appointed Commander of the 42nd Division (Rainbow) in November, 1918. During the World vVar, he participated in the Luneville, Baccarat and Esperance-Lovain sectors, in the Champagne-Marne and Aisne-Marne defensives, and in the St. Mihiel, Essey, Pannes-Meuse-Argonne and Sedan offensives. He was with the Army of Occupation, Germany, from November, 1918 to April, 1919; appointed Superintendent of the United States Military Academy on June 12, 1919; from 1922 to 1925, Commanding Officer of the District of Manila, 23rd Infantry Brigade and the Philippine Division. Later he was named the Commanding Officer of the Fourth Corps Area, Atlanta:. Commanding Officer of the Third Corps Area, Baltimore; Commanding Officer of the Philippine Department (U.S.A.) in 1928; and finally Chief of Staff of the United States Army since November 21, 1930.

He was decorated with the Distinguished Service Medal, Purple Heart, and Silver Star (United States) ; Grand Officer, Legion of Honor, and Croix de Guerre (France); Commander, Order of the Crown (Belgium); War Cross (Italy) ; Grand Croix Polonia Restituta (Poland); Grand 386

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Cross Order of Military Merit (Hungary); Grand Cross Order of White Lion (Czechoslovakia) ; Grand Cross Order of White Eagle (Yugoslavia); Grand Cross Oraer of Military Merit (Rumania).

In November, 1935, he came once more to the Islands to be the Military Adviser to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. He is one of the builders of the National Defense of this country. President Quezon appointed him in June, 1936, Field Marshal of the Philippines.

MACEDA, ANTONIO A.

Division Superintendent of Schools of Camarines Norte. Son of Tomas Maceda and Paulina Abarquez, he was born in Pagsanjan, Laguna, on May 4, 1892. After completing the elementary work in Pagsanjan, Laguna, he enrolled in the Philippine Normal School and graduated in 1913. After teaching for a year, he enrolled in the University of the Philippines. He obtained his A.B. in 1915 and H.T.C. and B.S.E. in 1917. Mr. Maceda was classroom teacher for two years in the Laguna High School, and High School Principal in Mindoro, Bataan, Abra, La Union, Batangas, and Pangasinan. He has been Division Superintendent of Schools since 1933. Philosophy of life: "In any kind of work, be it educational or business, the human element is an important factor for success."

MADRIGAL, VICENTE

Corporation Executive and Merchant.

"From Employee to Coal King;" this is how the Philippine press describes the unique and unusual business career of this successful Filipino merchant.

The owner of such big interests as the Madrigal & Co., Inc., and the operator of various inter-island steamers, Rizal Cement, Philippine Cotton Mills, Port Lamon Lum387

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ber and Madrigal Oil Mill, Mr. Vicente Madrigal is a man who in the prime of life is a power to be reckoned with. He was born on April 7, 1880.

In business circles they say "Don Vicente's wonderful genius in business came into play during the World War. He had a vision and it was realized. How it was done is now history." Certainly! For he was President of the state bank, the Philippine National Bank, and of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines.

Starting a small business venture many years ago in Ligao, Albay, he has after much sacrifice and service become a business genius.

Mr. Madrigal is a product of the University of Santo Tomas. But mostly he is a man who educated himself.

Experience, the severest teacher, taught him most. Rector Tamayo commented on him thus: "I know Vicente. As a student he was good, quiet and thoughtful. As a businessman, he is a wonder. Early in the morning he enters office and returns home at dinner time. Maybe he takes a walk or a ride for a while; then he goes home and sleeps. Such a life as he leads is what we call systematic and scientific, fruitful of good, no'ble results."

MAGALONA, ENRIQUE B. Assemblyman from the First District of Negros Occidental and Agriculturist. He was born in Saravia, Negros Occidental, on November 5, 1891. He attended intermediate and secondary classes in the Molo Institute, Iloilo; Colegio de S. Juan de Letran from 1903 to 1907; Colegio de Derecho of the University of Santo Tomas up to 1910; Philosophy and Letters, University of Santo Tomas; 1910 to 1911, La Jurisprudencia; Degrees, Bachelor of Arts, San Juan de Letran. In 1916 he was elected President of the local Committee of his party; 1922, elected municipal 388

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES President of Saravia; 1925, re-elected for municipal President. In January, 1926, he was elected President of the Convention of Municipal Presidents in Bacolod, N egros Occidental. He was elected Assemblyman in 1935 to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

MAGBALON, DOMINGO M.

Provincial Governor, Masbate, and Physician. Born on December 20, 1896, in the barrio of Malbug, Municipality of Milagros, Masbate, he studied his first letters in the public school of his barrio. Later, he transferred to the Milagros Primary School, and finished his intermediate course in the Provincial School of Masbate, at the head of his class. He went to Iloilo and enrolled at the Iloilo High School, but finished the high school in Silliman Institute, where he also obtained his A.B. degree in 1922. He continued his studies in the CoUege of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Santo Tomas and graduated in 1927. He took the Medical Board Examinations in the latter part of the same year and carried off the highest honors. Later on he returned to his own province and engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery. In 1929, he was offered and appointed to the position of President of the 3rd Sanitary Division of the province of Masbate, but resigned after a year in the service. During the last 1934 general elections, he ran for governorship of his province and was elected governor for Masbate. His philosophy of life is the following: "Work for the betterment of Humanity."

MAGSALIN, PEDRO

Assemblyman from the First District of Rizal and Lawyer. He was born in Tagig, Rizal, on February 22, 1890. From 1902 to 1903, he studied in the Catholic School of Quiapo, Manila; 1903 to 1910, in the Ateneo de 389

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Manila, graduating as Bachelor of Arts in 1910; Escuela de Derecho, 1913, Bachelor of Laws. From 1910 to 1912, he was "examinador auxiliar" of the Civil Service office; 1912 to 1915, "Cajero Auxiliar" of the Bureau of Public Works; 1916 to 1917, employee of the General Office of the Register of Lands; 1919 to 1922, member, Provincial Board of Rizal; Vice-President of the "Colegio de Abogados" of Rizal; 1931, Candidate for Representative, first district of Rizal. He was re-elected in 1934 as representative, and elected in 1935 Assemblyman from the first district of Rizal to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

MALCOLM, GEORGE

A.

Author and Jurist.

"I was yet seven years old when I made up my mind to take up law," he said amiably one day. "Thus I decided after graduating from the University of Michigan in 1906 to go to Manila, Philippines, to make my career ... without any job, but determined to make my career ... " He was born on November 5, 1881, in Concord, Michigan, son of Byron D. and Carrie A. (McKenzie) Malcolm. He obtained his A.B. degree from the University of Michigan in 1904, and his LL.B. degree in 1906; his honorary J.D. in 1921; and LL.D. from the Hogaku Hakushi, Tokyo Imperial University, in 1922.

He began as a temporary clerk in the Philippine government service in 1906, then as teacher, secretary, law clerk and attorney, in the Bureau of Justice, and later Professor of Law and founder and Dean of the College of Law, University of the Philippines.

Justice Malcolm reorganized in 1916 the Philippine Bar Association and became its president and also organized in 1921 the Philippine branch of the American Bar Association.

390

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Always true to his decision to make his career in the law profession in the Philippines, young Malcolm has risen from law clerk of the Bureau of Justice to Associate Justice of the highest tribunal of the Government-the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands. As Justice of the Supreme Court, he retired from active service in 1935.

In addition, he is also the author of "The Government of the Philippine Islands," 1916, "Philippine Civics," 19191924, "Revised Ordinances of Manila," 1908, "Questions and Answers on Philippine Government," 1919, "Constitutional Law of the Philippine Islands," 1920-1926, "Philippine Government," 1921-1932, "Legal Ethics," 1923, and "The Commonwealth of the Philippines," 1936.

Let Mr. Malcolm share with the reader some of his views on life. Here they are: "Hard work. fndependent judgment . Consideration for the other man.' Such is the trinity of his sterling success which has made and marked him as a man of achievement and a man of the world.

MALVAR, POTENCIANO

Physician and Agriculturist. Dr. Malv.ar, brother of the famous General Malvar, was born amidst very humble surroundings in the town of Santo Tomas, Batangas, some 64 years ago. Poverty, however, failed to stop his determination to succeed, so that by dint of hard labor he was able to finish the course in Medicine at the University of Santo Tomas. He joined as a surgeon the Filipino Army when the Revolution broke out. In one of their campaigns, he was taken prisoner, but was eventually set free in 1901.

Once free, he abandoned his chosen career and devoted himself to farming. He was able to acquire hectares and hectares of rich agricultural lands which he planted with 391

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES coconuts. When the price of copra rose during the World War, Dr. Malvar became one of the richest men in Laguna province.

C. Poet and Editor. A pianist and formerly editor of the magazine section of the Philippines Herald, she was born in Guagua, Pampanga, twenty eight years ago.

While still a child, she already had manifested extraordinary love for books and other reading matter, so that her eyesight was badly affected. Before she was eight years old, she had already visited various parts of the Archipelago. She first studied with the Benedictine Sisters of Albay, and later with the Benedictine Sisters of Manila. In 1925, she graduated as salutatorian from the Sta. Scholastica College. She then enrolled as a pre-law student of the Univer&ity of the Philippines, but immediately changed her course, acting on the advice of Mr. C. V. Wicker, her English professor, who convinced her that she would be a better writer than a lawyer. While in college, she was literary editor of the Philippine Collegian, official student publication of the State University. She received her B.Ph. degree, summa cwm laIude, from the State University in 1929. She is one of the most promising younger writers in English. lVIANALANG, ANGELA

MANALO, FELIX ISAGUN

Superior Minister of the "Iglesia Ni Kristo", or Church of Christ. Born in Barrio Calsada, Tagig, Rizal, on May 10, 1886, he is the first of the two sons of Mariano Ysagun and Bonifacia Manalo. At the age of seven, he entered a barrio school then conducted by a certain "maestron Cario", wherein he obtained his primary education.

When the Revolution came in 1896, he was unable to continue his studies, so he lived with his parents to help 392

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES them sometimes by fishing but most of the time by plowing their own field. When he grew older he studied photography and later a hatter's trade and established a hat store. But this kind of living did not satisfy him for he aspired to lead a religious life.

To realize his aspiration he joined the Me.thodist Episcopal Church in 1904 and attended the classes given by that institution, but not being satisfied with the teachings of that church he transferred to the Ellinwood Presbyterian School. He was likewise so dissatisfied with the teachings of the Presbyterian Church that he decided to join the Christian Mission, where later he was made an evangelist. As he was also dissatisfied with the teachings and doctrines of this church he resigned his position and joined the Seventh Day Adventist, popularly known as "Sabbathist." He continued his studies in the Scriptures, while in his spare time he canvassed books and wrote for the publications of the Philippine Publishing House, the organ of the Seventh Day Adventist. Then he was made a minister, but due to his constant and profound study of the Bible, he began to entertain many doubts in the doctrines and teachings of the Adventists, so that he finally decided to preach the Gospel as it was revealed to him. This was the beginning of the establishment in the Philippines of the "Iglesia ni Kristo."

In carrying on his mission, he encountered many hardships and difficulties. Penniless, without title and power, alone, and amidst the stiff oppositions of the different established denominations then existing, he braved the field, and in 1914, he counted a handful of members in the "Iglesia ni Kristo." Under a life of trying circumstances, he struggled against many odds, but steadfast in his conviction, he carried on his mission; and although he has not yet attained his goal, but still hastening towards it, he is already beloved by thousands and thousands of brethren 393

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES scattered throughout the Archipelago, and he is exalted among them as their Superior Minister.

The Church of Christ is now admitted as one of the biggest churches in the Islands, and the only one active in the extensive propagation of the Gospel.

He made a wide reading of whatever religious books he could obtain, besides the encyclopedias and classics. He even travelled abroad to further his studies in religion.

His philosophy of life is, "Man is born for the sole purpose to serve God. Any use of life to the contrary, even if that use might end in the accumulation of wealth, accomplishment of greatness, or acquisition of power, is a total loss and treason to God." Perhaps the success of the Church of Christ is due to this philosophy of life, and possibly this is the same reason why Felix Ysagun Manalo is now highly considered and esteemed as one of the authorities on religion. His life might be taken as a personification of the miracle of the Almighty towards any person who would offer himself as a sacrifice to Him to Whom one owes his life and everything.

L. Assemblyman from Marinduque. A native of Boac, the capital of the province of Marinduque, Mr. Maneja was elected in 1935 member of the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

MANEJ A, CECILIO

R. Educator, Under-Secretary of Public Instruction. He was born in Cavite, Cavite, on March 18, 1891, the son of Jose Manalac and Concepcion Romero. He was left an orphan while still a child, so he had to forge on amidst great difficulties. He first studied in the public schools in his home province, and upon completing the high school, taught in the Balanga and later in the Laoang Elementary MANALAC, GABRIEL

394

i

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES School. In 1912, he went to the United States, and by scrubbing floors and washing dishes he was able to pave his way through college. He attended the Tabor College, the Grinnel College, and the New York University, and in all these institutions he distinguished himself as a promising student. In 1916 he obtained his A.B., and in 1918, his Master of Pedagogy from the New York University.

Returning to the Islands the following year, he was appointed supervising teacher of the San Miguel district, Bulacan, and the next year, named superintendent of schools of Antique. He was transferred to La Union, and in 1922 he was made Assistant Director of the Bureau of Education. On May 29, 1936, he was appointed UnderSecretary of Public Instruction when Dr. Alejandro Albert resigned from, the post due to ill-health. Self-made and hard working, Assistant Director of Education Maiialac was conferred the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

MAPA, EMILIO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Sixth Judicial District, Tarlac. He is 51 years old. Before joining the Judiciary, he was Provincial Fiscal of Antique from 1913 to 1914, and Assistant Attorney in the Bureau of Justice from 1914 to 1921. On December 1, 1921, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge. He was Judge-at-Large, 19331934, and District Judge from 1934 up to the present time.

L. Business Executive and Agriculturist. General Manager of the Talisay-Silay Milling Co., Inc., and Director of the Central Azucarera de Danao.

He was born on February 14, 1901, in Talisay, Negros Occidental, the son of Dionisio Mapa, one of the first Assemblymen from Negros, and Adela Lizares Mapa, MAPA, PLACIDO

395

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES daughter of a prominent family. He married Loreto Ledesma in 1929. He was the President in 1922-1923 of the exclusive Manila society, the Smiles Club. He is also a member of the Philippine Sugar Association.

Mr. Mapa studied at the Ateneo de Manila, Iloilo High School, University of the Philippines and Jose Rizal College of Manila, where he graduated and obtained his A. C.S. and B.S.C. degrees, with highest honors.

He began his business career as Secretary to the then President and General Manager, Mr. Nicolas A. Lizares of the Talisay-Silay Milling Co., the largest Filipino corporation in N egros. He later rose to Chief Clerk and Assistant Secretary of the Board of Directors and then to Secretary-Treasurer and Assistant General Manager in 1926. He was also Manager of the Central Azucarera de Danao office in Talisay and the Secretary of the Visayan Lime Corporation. Mr. Mapa was at one time a councilor of Talisay, Negros Occidental, and Director-General of the Talisay Carnival in 1927.

For his efficient work, Mr. Mapa has become General Manager of the Talisay-Silay Milling Co., Inc., a ten million-peso corporation.

MAPUA Y BAUTISTA, TOMAS

Architect, Contractor and Executive, President of the famous Mapua Institute of Technology.

As architect and contractor, Mr. Mapua built the new Bureau of Posts Building, the Fox Theatre and the addition to the Paules Church, besides the designing and constructing of some of the finest builaings in Manila.

Born in Manila, on December 21, 1888, Mr. Mapua is the son of Juan Mapua and Justina Bautista; he married Rita Moya in 1916, and of the union three children were born.

396

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He was educated at Manila and then at Boone's Preparatory School, Berkeley, California, 1903-1907. Later he attended Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 19071911, where he obtained his Bachelor of Architecture degree. In 1912-1915 he became an architectural draftsman of the Bureau of Public Works. In 1916 he engaged in pri~ vate practice and in 1918-1927 he was supervising architect for the Bureau of Public Works, when he was in charge of such great government projects as the Normal School, Nurses Home, and Psychopathic Hospital.

But the brilliant activities of Architect Mapua do not stop there. After retiring from public service, he has since 1928 devoted his time and efforts to private practice, organizing such important concerns as the M.Y.T. Construction Works, Inc., and the M.LT., or the well known institution of high standing, the Mapua Institute of Technology, which has turned out many of the Islands' new engineers and architects now forging ahead successfully in their professions.

Mr. Mapua is a member of the Club Filipino, Philippine Chamber of Commerce, Bagumbayan Lodge No.4, F. & A.M., and the Philippine Bodies, A. and A. Scottish Rite.

Such are in a nutshell the accomplishments of Mr. Tomas Mapua y Bautista-Architect, Executive and Builder-a real leader in his profession, a real pride to his country.

MARABUT, SERAFIN

Assemblyman from Samar, Head of Philippine Budget Commission and Under-Secretary of Finance. The life of the Gentleman from Samar and Secretary-Treasurer of the Philippine Carnival Association reads like Marden's success stories.

397

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was born in Basey, Samar, on October 7, 1889, of poor parents. He studied in the public schools of his town.

After finishing his intermediate grades he took and passed the municipal teacher's examination and accepted employment as such with a salary of P15.00 a month. He continued his studies at the Catbalogan high school. He took the Junior Teacher examination and passed it. So he returned to teaching, until he became Principal Teacher, and later on Supervising Teacher. From] 908 to 1909 he was pensioned to study at the School of Arts and Trades in Manila. At the same time he also studied at the Philippine School of Commerce. Then he took the correspondence course in Modern Business Administration of the Hamilton Institute of New York city.

Taking the first grade civil service examination he qualified and was transferred to the office of the Provincial Treasurer of Samar in 1910; and t aking the treasurer's examination he passed as Assistant Provincial Treasurer. In all these positions he showed ability. Thus, he rose to Chief Clerk and from Chief Clerk to Deputy Provincial Treasurer of Samar until in 1916 he was appointed Provincial Treasurer of Samar. As Provincial Treasurer, Mr. Marabut served in the provinces of Agusan and Rizal.

In 1915 Mr. Marabut was appointed as Superintendent of the Postal Savings Bank. He enjoys the honor of being the first Filipino to occupy that position. In the same year, Mr. Marabut was transferred to the Bureau of Commerce and Industry as Special Agent. In the absence of the Acting Director he was left in charge of the whole bureau.

In 1912 he left the government service in order to join with Mr. Luz the Philippine Carnival Association as Secretary and Treasurer. Mr. Marabut was once the general manager of the Philippines Herald, member of the 398

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES National Subscription committee and member of the board of directors of Sanhirap san Binisaya ang Samarnon Association (president).

In 1928 Mr. Marabut was elected Representative for the second district of Samar, and in 1931 he was re-elected to the same post, without opponent. He was also elected in 1935 member of the National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

Mr. Marabut is the only living example of a provincial treasurer becoming a member of the Lower House. His life, since leaving the teaching service, has been one of continuous growth, one that always aspires for something bigger and better.

And the reason for that is not hard to find for his achievements have been based on "Persistent Work."

"All) can ' say is this," he said slowly, "Start right; have a purpose,; work hard and accomplish what you have set your heart upon. Maybe you will meet obstacles, but persistence overcomes them all ... In my own personal case, I persisted in my work-determined to succeed." Thus, Mr. Marabut has been not only a success, but also a leader, in all that he has set his heart upon. His life is an inspiration to those who constantly complain that in this valley of tears they are given no chance because the topmost rung of the ladder of life is in truth always vacant, always open to men of great achievement.

MARA MAG, FERNANDO M.

Poet, Newspaperman, and Editor of The Tribune. He was born in Ila.g an, lsabela, on January 21, 1893. He was educated in the Isabela High School, the Philippine Normal School, and the University of the Philippines. He has written many beautiful poems, published from time to time in various newspapers. Some, worthy of mention, are: 399

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

A Clvrist Without the Cross, The Atheist, Presentacion, Jose Rizal, My Queen Tagala, Christmas, and Moonlight on M aniloJ Bay. T. Educator and Writer. Mr. Maramara was born on June 24, 1897. He was educated in the public school of Cebu and in the Philippine Normal School, where he graduated in 1919. He went to the United States as government pensionado and attended the University of Washington, Seattle; University of Denver, Colorado; Teachers' College, Columbia University; Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., receiving the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1921, Master of Education degree in 1922.

He obtained his Doctor of Education in 1923 from the Harvard University. On his return to the Philippines, he was instructor in the Cepu High School, in the Junior College of the University of the Philippines in Cebu, in the Manila East High School, San Beda College, and the Philippine Normal School in Manila. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the seventh district of Cebu to the Constitutional Convention. The books he has written are Teachers' Guide and Lesson Plan Book, Occupational Studies, and Master Speaker.

MARA MARA, JUANITO

MARA MBA, DANIEL

Assemblyman from the Third District of Pangasinan and Agriculturist. Born in Sta. Barbara, Pangasinan, on July 21, 1870, he pursued high school course and surveying in San Juan de Letran College, and University of Santo Tomas. He was in 1895-1898 Justice of the Peace; 1902-1903, Municipal Secretary; 1907-1908, Municipal President; 1916-1922, Provincial Governor; 1934-1935, Representative, 3rd district, Pangasinan. In 1935, he was 400

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES elected Assemblyman from the third district of Pangasinan to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

MARAN-ON, JOAQUIN

Chemist, Bureau of Science. He was born in Man路 durriao, Iloilo, on October 22, 1891. He was educated in the University of the Philippines, Ph.G., 1914; B.S., 1916.

He continued his studies in the University of Michigan, U.S.A., where he obtained his M.S. degree in 1921 and his Sc.D., in 1923. He was Assistant Instructor in Pharmacy in 1915; Instructor in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 1917路 1919; Assistant Professor in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 1924; Assistant Professor in Botany, 1924路1927; and Associate Professor in Botany, 1927, University of the Philippines. He was appointed Chemist in 1925 in the Bureau of Science. Mr. l\:1arafion is member of the Philippine Scientific Society, Botanical Society of America, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Sigma Xi, Phi Sigma, Charter member of the National Research C~uncil of the Philippine Islands. He was University of the Philippines Fellow to the University of Michigan from 1919 to 1923. This famous chemist has written several contributions to our scientific literature and his works have been noted favorably abroad.

MARQUEZ, NATIVIDAD

Teacher and Poet. She is a native of Lucena, Tayabas. After completing her secondary grades in the Tayabas High School, she enrolled in the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines, where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1919. Soon thereafter, she was appointed instructor in history in the same college, and while teaching, she resumed her studies, and consequently in 1921 she was graduated as Bachelor of Philosophy with 401

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES higliest honors. She continued teaching in the state university until 1924 when she retired due to failing health.

Some of her most well-known poems are: The Sampaguita, The A ngelus, and The S ea.

MARQUEZ-BENITEZ, PAZ

Editor and Writer. She was born in Lucena, Tayabas. She finished her secondary course in the Tayabas High School, and then enrolled in the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines, where she received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1912. From 1919 to 1924, she was the editor of the Woman's Journal, the first feminine literary magazine in English ever puhlished in the Philippin ~ Islands. In 1923, she was appointed instructor of English in the C@llege of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and in 1926, she was made assistant professor of Engli~h in the same college. Some of her short stories are: Stepping Stones, Half a Life, An Old, Story, Cowrtship Child, and The Fool, but her Dead Stars is considered her best.

MARSMAN, JAN H.

Corporation Executive, President of Marsman & Co., Inc., Building and Mining Contractors.

Mr. Marsman hails from Amsterdam, Holland. He was born on July 29, 1892, and graduated from the College of Technology in his home city as Bachelor of Civil Engineering. He became assistant to Dr. Wynberg, inventor of the Norit process of refining raw sugar. He was traveling representative for the General Norit Company, visiting all parts of Europe, Africa and many places in the Orient.

He landed on Philippine shores in 1919, when he sold his sugar refining process to the Malabon Sugar Company.

402

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Realizing the potential possibilities in gold mining here, he went to Baguio, the region of gold mines, in 1935.

Mr. Marsman is General Manager and Treasurer of the Itongo Mining Company, President and Manager of the Mountain Province Transportation Company, President and Manager of the Marsman & Company, and President of the Gold Mining Association of the Philippines.

MARTINEZ, FELIX

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-fourth Judicial District, Oriental Misamis, Bukidnon, and Lanao.

He is 44 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was successively Provincial Fiscal in the following provinces: Mindoro, 1920-1924; Isabela, 19241928; Ilocos Sur, 1928-1929; and Albay, 1929-1933. On February 1, 1933, he was appointed Judge-at-Large, and the following year, promoted to his present position.

C. Provincial Governor of Leyte. Born in Tubigon, Bohol, on October 24, 1873, and the son of Celestino Martinez and Carlota Corro, Mr. Martinez was educated in Porcuiia and Bilbao, Spain, where he lived for many years.

He also traveled in China and Japan, and other progressive countries. After his return to the Philippines, he became a politician, a farmer and a cattle rancher. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the first district of Leyte to the Constitutional Convention, and in July, 1936, he was appointed provincial governor of Leyte.

MARTINEZ, RAFAEL

A. Ex-Division Superintendent of Schools of Surigao.

He is the son of Milburn A. and Ida H. Maxey. He was born in Casky, Kentucky, on December 23, 1880. He finMAXEY, MILBURN

403

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ished second year, College of Liberal Arts, and served in the U.S. Volunteers in Cuba and the Philippines, and joined the Philippine Islands Customs service in 1901. He held the position of teacher, supervising teacher, and division superintendent for 26 years. Besides he has been deputy governor of Davao for three years and the first provincial treasurer of the province of Davao. He retired from active service on November 18, 1935. At present, he is connected with Marsman & Co., Inc., and the North Mindanao- Mining Co., Inc. MAZA, RAMON Lawyer and Agriculturist. He was born in San Remigio, Antique, on May 15, 1884, and his parents were Martin Maza and Maria Occeiia. He first studied under his parents, and then in the private school of Don Vicente Gella in San Jose, Antique, in the Colegio Filipino conducted

by Don Ignacio Villamor, and the Escuela de Leyes, where he graduated as Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to the bar in 1919. He was municipal councilor of Sibalom; justice of the peace of San Jose; and member of the Fourth and Fifth Legislatures. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the distriCt of Antique to the Constitutional Convention. A participant in the Philippine Revolution he is member of the Asocacion de Veteranos de la Revolucion.

MCCALL, JAME8 E. Division Superintendent of Schools of Cavite. He was born in Orangeville, Illinois, on February 3, 1886. He studied in the Freeport High School, 1900-1904, and Art Institute, 1904-1907.

He has been in the Philippines since 1911 and before he became a division superintendent, which position he has occupied for the last 13 years, he was a classroom teacher, 404

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES supervising teacher, high school principal and industrial supervisor in various parts of the Islands. He was assigned to Cavite on December 6, 1934.

P. Bishop of J aro, Iloilo. Reverend McCloskey possesses the degrees of Doctor of Divinity and Doctor of Laws and has been in the Philippines for quite a number of years.

He is bishop of the Diocese of J aro, comprising Iloilo, Capiz, Antique and Romblon. To the service of God and to the uplift of humanity he has rightly dedicated his life.

MCCLOSKEY, JAMES

MCCoRMICK, J. SCOTT

Chief, Academic Division, Bureau of Education. Dr. McCormick is not only an educator but also an educational writer. He has served the Bureau of Education for a great number of years aI\d is one of the most called-for school commencement speakers. Some of his articles appeared in local and foreign educational magazines. Simple and sincere he is a man who knows whereof he speaks.

In June, 1936, he was designated to attend the Seminar Conference on Pacific Education in Hawaii and the Pan-Pacific Conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations at Yosemite, California, and to take graduate studies in an American university.

McMICKING, JOSE

General Manager, Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd., and Philippine Guaranty Co., Inc. He was born in Iloilo, in November, 1879. He obtained his education from the Ateneo de Manila and the King's College in London.

Mr. McMicking is one of the outstanding figures in the life insurance business in the Archipelago, a business executive who is modern and progressive.

405

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

P. Under-Secretary of Justice. Former Assistant Solicitor-General Mr. Jose P. Melencio was born in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, on April 10, 1894. His parents were Emilio Melencio and Marcela Payawal. He lost his parents while yet young, and because his only sister did not also live long, he was left alone in the world.

A kind grandmother, who was appointed by the court to administer his property, some hectares of rice land and building lots, took care of him. Later, an aunt and an uncle as guardians took turns in bringing him up.

He learned Spanish under his uncle, Pedro Melencio, and English under an American army officer, when the Americans established the public schools in Nueva Ecija.

Later he studied in San Isidro and then in the Manila High School where he finished in 1912. In 1914 he obtained his A.B. degree (with honors) from the University of the Philippines. Three years later (1917), he finished his studies in law. He obtained second honors when he took the bar examinations. In college, he won first prizes for declamation and oratory.

Mr. Melencio was admitted to the bar in October, 1917.

Instead of starting law practice, he went to the United States in November of the same year, and enrolled at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., which awarded him the degrees of Master of Laws and Master of Diplomacy in 1919.

During the war he did work in the Office of the Provost Marshal General in Washington where his immediate superior was the famous John Henry Wigmore.

Soon thereafter he took the test for Diplomatic Service, and he holds the distinction of being the only Filipino to have served in the American Diplomatic service. His first assignment was at the American Legation in Havana, MELENCIO, JOSE

406

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Cuba. While there, he was also assigned to Ckneral Enoch Herbert Crowder's office when the latter revised the electorallaw of Cuba.

He returned to Washington upon invitation of the Honorable Manuel L. Quezon, Chairman of the Independence Mission in the later part of 1919, to assist in the work of the Philippine Press Bureau in the United States. Soon after his return, he was made director of the Press Bureau, a position which he held until 1921. Upon his return to the Philippines in 1922, he became correspondent of the Philippine Press Bureau and at the same time practiced law. ' In 1925, he was appointed Representative for Cotabato, Mindanao, a position which he held for two terms, until 1931. Thereafter, he was appointed Assistant Attorney in the Bureau of Justice, and in 1934, he was promoted to Assistant Solicitor-General. In June, 1936, he was appointed, due to his efficient work, Under-Secretary of Justice.

MELENDEZ, PEDRO

Lawyer. He was born in Malaybalay, Bukidnon, on May 13, 1905, son of Juan P. Melendez and Juliana Bustillo. Mr. Melendez studied in the Malaybalay Central School, Bukidnon Agricultural School, Philippine School of Commerce and Misamis High School, and graduated from the University of the Philippines as Bachelor of Laws in 1931. He completed bookkeeping in the Philippine School of Commerce. A working student and a clerk in the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes in his college days, he is the first and only native lawyer of Bukidnon, an unopposed Delegate from the district of Bukidnon to the Constitutional Convention in 1934. He is member of the Bukidnon Tree Planters' Association, Malaybalay Country Club, Bukidnon Association, and the Malaybalay Hi-Lo Club.

407

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES MELENDRES, MARIANO

Lawyer. He was born in Pasig, Rizal, on June 8, 1881, the son of Cornelio Melendres and Candida Concepcion. He received the Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ateneo de Manila, studied law in the University of Santo Tomas, but graduated from Escuela de Derecho as Licentiate in Law and was admitted to the bar in 1909. He was Provincial Governor of Rizal from 1913 to 1916, and Representative from 1919 to 1922 and re-elected in 1923. In 1934 he was Delegate from the second district of Rizal to the Constitutional Convention.

MELIAN, ANTONIO

Corporation Executive. President of EI Hogar Filipino, the biggest building and loan association of the Philippines.

He was born on May 21, 1879, at Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain, the son of Luis MeHan Chiappi and Dolores Pavia Van-Halen. He married Margarita Zobel de Ayala of Manila.

Don Antonio is a graduate of the San Isidro Institute, Madrid, B.A., 1893. He spent ten years in the Spanish Civil Service; went to Argentine, 1904, as cashier of the Banco Espafiol del Rio de la Plata, and to Lima, Peru, in 1905, as general agent for La Previsora, becoming a founder and director of Birimisa, MeHan & Co., and vice-president of the Casino Espafiol of Lima.

He came to Manila in 1910 and founded EI Hogar Filipino, of which he was the first manager. He was also founder and executive counselor of Filipinas Com.pafiia de Seguros, 1913, director, San Miguel Brewery, 1916, executive counselor, Insular Life Assurance Co., 1918, Philippine Gauaranty Co., 1918, and manager, Ayala & Co., real estate, 1920. While in Madrid in 1923, he was president 408

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Film Espanola, founder and vice-president of Portland Valderribas Co. and also of Espana Express, S.A. In Manila, he was director of the Bank of the Philippine Islands and Philippine Engineering Co., 1925. In New York, 1926, he founded La Casa de las Espanas. He organized also the Philippine International Corporation and the Baguio Improvement & Development Corporation.

He is honorary president of the Casino Espano!.

Greatly honored by the King of Spain, he was named successor to the title of Count de Peracamps, 1923. He was also appointed Spanish Consul General, 1920, and honorary consul for Peru, 1930.

MELLIZA, RAYMUNDO

Agrjculturist, Patriot, oftentimes called the "Grand old Man of the Vi~ayas." He \s a native of Molo, Iloilo.

His past life is mostly associated with the Philippine Revolution in which he has taken considerable part during its most trying days. He was Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Cuba, and the Philippine Islands. He has constantly refused appointment to any government posts.

He is founder of a free tuition school. Mr. Melliza was the first governor-elect of Iloilo. His philosophy of life is: "When duty calls, I sacrifice everything."

MENANDANG PIANG

Lawyer. He was born in Mulawan, Cotabato, on August 10, 1901. His parents are Datu Piang and Julia Mora. He studied in the public schools of his home province, and graduated as salutatorian from the National Law College of the University of Manila, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1929. The first and only Moro lawyer in his province, he was at one time deputy provincial 409

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES governor of Cotabato and clerk in the Bureau of NonChristian Tribes. He was elected Delegate from Cotabato to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

D. Business Executive. Manager of an institution which embraces all the useful and practical arts, p路r ofessions and sciences in existence, an institution international in its scope, having the world as its field, the International Correspondence Schools, a home university for self-made men -men from the nipa shack to the Legislative Building.

The best university is the library of chosen books and the proper use of spare time. And the best training school for those who have the spirit of stick-to-itiveness and courage is the 1. C. S. which trains men and women to be practical, self-confident, reliable.

Born on September 22, 1893, at Foochow, China, son of Juan Mencarini and Rosario Blanco, Mr. Mencarini was educated in a commercial school in Madrid, Spain, from 1903 to 1906; took a commercial course in Shanghai from 1907 to 1909, and was awarded a certificate by the University of Cambridge, England, in 1908. On coming to the Philippines, he enrolled in engineering in the University of Santo Tomas in 1912. But, as circumstances alter life plans, Mr. Mencarini, after receiving his Perito Agrimensor's certificate, was forced to stop his studies and go to work. For a man who is never afraid to face the world there are always plenty of chances to make his mark. So young Mencarini worked with Dr. Kneedler in the Oriental Safe Deposit Co. for about eighteen months, and later joined the H. H. Bayne & Co., local British chartered accountants, for five years as an assistant. In 1917 the management of the Philippine Branch of the International Correspondence Schools was given him and since then he has managed it satisfactorily and has ofMENCARINI, JOAQUIN

410

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES fered 1. C. S. students the best service for which this educational institution is known.

Mr. Mencarini married Angustias Vaca in Manila in 1923. They have three children. He is member of Rotary Club, Casino Espanol and Philippine Philatelic Association.

Tall, alert and keen, Mr. Mencarini is the picture of activity, of a m,o dern manager, of efficiency itself in business.

Trained for his job as a salesman, accountant and executive, Mr. Mencarini has 50,000 men and women scattered all over the Islands and is ever ready to give opportunities to those Who lack the means to attend resident schools.

Courteus and cordial, Mr. Mencarini says, "There are two things which rule the world; Work and Service. To him who works hoftestly and serves lovingly the gates of success are flung wide open."

MENDEZ, MAURO

Poet, and Journalist; former Managing Editor of the D-M-H-M Publications. He was born in Manila, November 30, 1896. He was educated at the Meisic Primary School, now known as the Gregorio del Pilar Elementary School, where he completed the grades in the primary course. He finished his intermediate course at the Tondo Interm,ediate School in 1912, and his secondary at the Manila High School, now known as the Araullo High School, in 1916. He took the two-year course in liberal arts at the University of the Philippines, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1918. He went to the United States and enrolled at the Columbia University, from which institution he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Literature in 1922.

411

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was news editor of The Tribune. He is member of the Sigma Delta Chi, professional journalistic fraternity of America, and of the Academia de Artes y Letras and the Sociedad Hispano-Filipino of the Philippines, and Editor-in-Chief of the D-M-H-M Publications, 1936. In June, 1936, he was appointed Press Officer at Malacafiang, succeeding A. V. H. Hartendorp, editor of the Philippine Magazine.

MENDOZA, HIGINIO

Provincial Governor of Palawan, and Physician. He was born on July 27, 1898, in Puerto Princesa, Palawan.

He had his primary education at Puerto Princesa, and his intermediate and high school at Manila. He is a Doctor of Medicine, Philadelphia, U.S.A., 1928. He was elected Provincial Governor of Palawan in 1931 and re-elected in 1934. He is married, and has one child.

MENDOZA-GUAZON, MARIA PAZ

Physician and Writer.

One of the m.ost cultured Filipino women, eminent in both scientific and social work, ' Dr. Maria Paz MendozaGuazon possesses the rare combination of intellect and charm.

She was born in Pandacan, Manila, on May 10, 1884, and received her primary and secondary education in the Colegio de la Concordia. From early girlhood she manifested special interest in learning and in loving her country. For her it was easy to attain whatever she had set her heart and head upon.

She studied English at Calle Victoria, Intramuros, then transferred to the Philippine Normal School, where she graduated as an insular teacher in 1905. She was one of the first high school graduates, the first and only lady to receive a high school diploma.

412

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Chemistry was her special subject. With the opening of the College of Medicine of the University of the Philippines she took up medicine. Because of her exceptional record she became an assistant in Anatomy, Histeriology, and Surgery. In the contest on Pediatrics, she got the first prize. She obtained in 1912 the degree of M. D. at the head of her class, being the first Filipino woman to receive that honor in the College of Medicine, U.P. After graduation she served in the Philippine General Hospital as a resident physician in medicine and pediatrics, and in 1913 she married the late Dr. Potenciano Guazon.

In 1914 she transferred to the Department of Bacteriology and Pathology in the College of Medicine where she worked as an assistant instructor until 1916 when she was promoted to instructor. She attended the School of Tropical Medicine during her vacant peroids, and in 1916 she obtained the degree of Doctor of Tropical Medicine, the first woman in the Islands to possess that distinction. in the same year she was appointed Dean of Women of the College of Medicine. She organized the Woman's MedicoPharmaceutico-Dental association, and became the first president of this organization. In 1916-19 she was made instructor in Pathology and Bacteriology in the College of Medicine, dean of Women of the University of the Philippines, 1917-18. In this capacity she organized the U. P. Red Cross in 1917, and the conferences on first aid to the injured. She instituted the uniform of the U. P. girls and was secretary-treasurer of the U. P. Alumni, 1918-19, and fellow abroad, 1919-21. She took post graduate work in the universities of Chicago, Columbia, and Harvard along her chosen lines, and visited the universities of Pennsylvania and Johns Hopkins; took post graduate courses in the universities of Paris and London, visited hospitals and universities of Berlin and Barcelona, 413

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES and returned to Manila, May, 1921, and was made associate professor of Bacteriology and Pathology, 1922.

She was the first president of the Women's Medical Association of the Philippines, 1921-22, and organized the conferences on sex hygiene for public school girls. As president of the National League of Filipino Women, 1922, she organized civic conferences for young women and factory girls_. Also she was appointed secretary to the Committee on Cancer, Philippine Islands Medical Association.

Dr. Mendoza, who has been the first and only professor of Pathology and Bacteriology in the University of the Philippines since 1927, is a traveler, a research and social welfare worker. But the reader would perhaps ask what such a bright woman as she would say why she had taken a course different from the ordinary ones, teaching, housekeeping and nunnery, followed by tradition?

It was because in childhood ~he was very fond of reading the "World History" by Cesar Cantu, a book which fell into little Maria's hands. Thus her ambition was made.

She becam'e a physician because as a student in Concordia College, she had seen much suffering among the nuns and girls who_ did not want to consult a doctor. So she took the lead.

She has a decalogue, and she follows that, when she says, "Never take any offense, but be always forgiving.

Smile and be happy. Life is one great work and study.

I believe in God, and I want to be near Him. .. So I do what I think is right ... I follow the Golden Rule."

Dr. Mendoza was a member of the First Pan-Pacific Women's Conference, Honolulu, 1928, became first woman Regent of the University of the Philippines, 1924; president of the Philippine Association of University Women, 1928; member of the House Beautiful Contest since 1929; first and only woman member of the Text-Book Board, 1931, and member of the delegation to Hankow, China, for 414

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the Pan-Pacific Relations, 1931. She retired recently from active service in the University of the Philippines.

A great traveler, Dr. Mendoza is author of many scientific papers published in various magazines.

She is the author of "Notas de Viaje," which Won the Zobel prize on Spanish literature in 1930; also "My Ideal Filipino Girl," a compilation of her writings and speeches, and also "The Development and Progress of the Filipino Women," an illuminating pamphlet.

R. Lawyer and Writer. He was born in Sexmoan, Pampanga, on May 4, 1875. He studied in the school of Professor Quirino in San Fernando, transferring later to Manila, in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and graduating as Bachelor of Arts in 1889. He entered later the University of Santo Tomas, where he obtained the title of Licenciado en Canones y Teologia in 1890. He also obtained the title of Professor of Secondary Course. During the Revolution, he was Justice of the Peace in the town of Sexmoan. He was Clerk of Court of Pampanga up to 1902.

In March, 1903, he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to practice law, and worked with Mr. Palma up to June, 1904. In 1907 he was elected deputy to the First Philippine Legislature, representing Pampanga. He was also appointed representative and governor for the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes. He is a vernacular writer. His Pampango book is Quetang Milabas.

MERCADO, MONICO

A. Business Executive; one of the leading and most successful foreigners in the Philippines; President of the famous Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Company.

MEYER, PAUL

415

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES This business executive was born on August 19, 1875, in Switzerland, son of Julian and Catherine Elizabeth (Mettler) Meyer. He married Margaret Klinck in Hongkong, 1907; theilI' son is P. E. Meyer. Mr. Meyer was educated in his country and at San Francisco, California, graduating from a School of Commerce. He became later a naturalized citizen of the United States.

A resident of Manila for more than thirty-four years, his career has been a string of accomplishments. He is the president of the Kuenzle & Streiff, Inc., general importers and exporters and insurance agents; president of La Flor de Intal Cigar Mfg. Co.; vice-president, Baguio Gold Mining Co., Basilan Lumber Co., and Mangal Development Co.; treasurer, Tondo Development Co.; and president of the American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines; president of the Manila Tobacco Association, and member of the P. I. Government Tobacco Board. He was also director of the Bank of the Philippine Islands and the Philippine Trust Co. Such is the man who works and leads.

R. Lawyer, and Businessman. President of the Philippine Islands Aviation Corporation, and Manager of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes. He was formerly Representative to the Philippine Legislature and Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Born in Tayabas, Tayabas, on January 18, 1886, his parents are Felix Millar and Eugenia Rabe. He obtained his A.B. from the Ateneo de Manila and his LL.B. from the University of Sto. Tomas where he also studied Philosophy and Letters.

He was Municipal Councilor of Tayabas, Tayabas; Representative for the first district of Tayabas for three terms, and Delegate to the Constitutional Convention; MILLAR, FABIAN

416

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES member of the Knights of Columbus of the Catholic Action and the "X" Club in Lucena, Tayabas. His philosophy is: "Life is short and we should dedicate this to the welfare of our country and our people."

E. Business Executive; President and General Manager of the Philippine Education Co., Inc., the biggest pioneer American book sellers in the Islands. Mr. Verne E. Miller is a resident here for more than thirty-four years. He was born on February 15, 1877, at Amherst, Virginia, U. S. A., the son of Abraham Baldwin and Camilla Nelson (Crane) Miller.

Married t~ Elizabeth Farmer Blandin in 1905, Mr. Miller is the father of Robert Nelson Miller, now in charge of the transportation-warehouse department of the Philippine Education Co., Inc. As an educator, Mr. Miller came to the Islands in 1901 for the Bureau of Education, after receiving his A.B. from Rutgers College; he began as a teacher, then became high school principal and lastly acting division superintendent of schools in 1907. Then he resigned, engaged in business and became the president and general manager of the Philippine Education Co., Inc., the largest dealers here in books, publishing, printing and office supplies.

Kind and considerate, Mr. Miller is a figure of progressive business, a symbol of American business success and outstanding achievement in the Philippines.

Mr. Miller is a Past Master of Corregidor Lodge, No. 3, F. & A. M.; a member of the Scottish Rite and York Rite bodies; Past Patron, Mayon Chapter, O.E.S.; director, American-European Y.M.C.A. and Army & Navy Y.M.C.A., and member also of the Rotary Club, Manila Polo Club and Manila Golf Club.

MILLER, VERNE

417

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES A leader in the bookselling and publishing business, he is a conspicuous factor in a line which he has chosen in the wide field of business service.

MILLS, VICENTE

Technical Adviser, Surveyor and Civil Engineer. Born on July 19, 1895, in Cervantes, Ilocos Sur, and son of Martin Mills and Esperanza Cruz, he was educated in San Juan de Letran College and University of Santo Tomas.

He qualified in the civil service examinations on surveying (1912, 1913), and civil engineering (1914, 1917). In 1919 he was detailed to the United States to study the administration of mineral lands. Mr. Mills organized the Mineral Lands Division of the Bureau of Lands in 1921, and was made chief thereof, until 1924 when he was appointed Chief Surveyor. In 1933 he was detailed to the Office of the Secretary of agriculture and Commerce to attend matters concerning the reorganization of the Department under the provisions of the Reorganization Law of 1932, Act No. 4007, and was subsequently appointed rrechnical Adviser (1935) on matters pertaining to organization, finances, and personnel of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. He prepared the "Manual of Regulations Governing Land Surveys in the Philippines" (1924), and the "Functions and Organization of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce" (1933), and was appointed to various committees and boards, of study, and investigation, among which were: Chairman, Private Land Surveyors Board (1926); Secretary, Land Titles Committee (1929-1930); Chairman, Board of Examiners for Surveyors (1930-1933); Secretary, Committee on Collections, Disbursements, Accounting, and Auditing of Insular Funds in the Provinces (1935); First Vice-President, Board of Surveys and Maps (1932-1936); and Chairman, Department Survey Committee, on the Commonwealth Reorgan418

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ization (1936). His philosophy of life is: "Look well, therefore, to this Day: Such is the Salutation of the Dawn."

MIRANDA, IRINEO

L.

Painter and Instructor, School of Fine Arts, University of the Philippines. A native of Pampanga and a product of our present public schools, Mr. Miranda's life has been so filled with odds and ends that he was able at last to pave his way through college. He is a graduate of the School of Fine Arts and an artist of no mean ability. According to those who know him, his productions in pastel and in water color are magnificently unsurpassed locally.

B. Acting Director, Bureau of Prisons, Manila. He was born in Bolinao, Zambales (now Pangasinan) on July 9, 1889, and his parents are Simplicio Misa and Gregoria de Castro. He is holder of A.B. degree from the Liceo de Manila and B.Ph. degree from the University of Sto. Tomas, and also a graduate of the Officers' School, Philippine Constabulary. He was a newspaperman, a Constabulary officer with the rank of Captain and Provincial Commander; General Manager of a transportation company; Assistant Superintendent and Superintendent of Penal Colonies; and Assistant Director of Prisons. He is now Acting Director of Prisons. His philosophy of life is: "If you can make yourself to love your work it becomes a fascin.ating game and even in personal sacrifices you will derive pleasure. I find that a man is a whole lot happier if he can get habituated to expect less than he has given and is thankful if he gets any return at all."

MISA, ERIBERTO

MOLDERO, SATURNINO

Assemblyman from the First District of Mountain Province and Businessman. Mr. Moldero, born in Sagada, 419

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Bontoc, Mountain Province, on October 21, 1893, and the son of Manuel Moldero and Rufina Arranz, studied in Bontoe, in Vigan Seminary, and completed the course in commerce in Ateneo de Manila in 1913. He was appointed Representative from the Mountain Province in 1928. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the district of Kalinga to the Constitutional Convention. In 1935 he was elected member of the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

J. Composer, Violoncellist, Chorus Master, Conductor, Music Essayist and Historian. Born in Quiapo, Manila, on December 26, 1894, he wrote songs, waltzes, kundimans, serenades for vfolin and piano, Prelude, Romanza and Rondo in F, for violoncello and piano; orchestral pieces and arrangements; school and religious hymns; a tone-poem for symphony orchestra, and two pieces for string quartet.

The compositions based on Filipino airs he composed are: Trio, in four movements; a complete Quintet, for piano and strings, in four movements; and a Choral Cycle, of five pieces.

MOLINA, ANTONIO

MONCADO Y CAMINO, HILARIO

Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from the 7th District of Cebu. One of the interesting individuals in the Philippines due to his diverse life experiences and activities in the United States is Mr. Moncado, who was born on November 4, 1898, in Pondol, Balamban, Cebu, and the son of Gregorio Moncado and Filomena Camino. While still young, he left the Islands and went to Hawaii as a laborer, and then to the United States as a labor leader. Famous for his successful efforts in organizing the Filipino Federation of America, he returned to the Philippines in 1933 and launched his candidacy as 4.20

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Senator from Cebu. He failed to win in those elections, but succeeded in the elections for Constitutional Delegates in 1934. Dr. Moncado is also an author, editor, and leader.

MONSERRAT, ENRIQUE

Business Executive; President and Manager and Founder of the first taxicab business in the Philippines, the Manila Yellow Taxi Cab Co., Inc. Everybody laughed at him and called him a fool. "The taxi business cannot thrive in the city. Such an enterprise is a failure, a great folly." But for years and years he worked and thought and lived on the idea-to render the best transportation service at the least cost to the public.

It took the Legislature two years to pass on the franchise, only to have it vetoed by the Governor-General on the ground that the Public Utility Commission could take care of it without specia\ legislation. And then the Yellow Taxi Cab firm began to function-the city was flooded with yellow-painted motor cars with meters recording the initial charge of twenty centavos!

Later on people ceased to laugh and everybody forgot about it. For he laughs best who laughs last. Instead of ridiculing him any further they introduced more taxi companies and tried to compete. Because Mr. Monserrat knows what he is doing his business thrives and goes on successfully in spite of keen competition. Now his critics take off their hats to him; for he is the first man to establish on a successful business basis the taxi transportation, along the lines of the modern companies of America and Europe.

Thirty-eight years ago Mr. Monserrat was born in Lingayen, the capital of the province of Pangasinan, the son of Dr. Rafael Monserrat and Soledad Calvo. He was educated at San Juan de Letran, A. B., and at Santo Tomas University, LL. B. 421

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES After his admIssion to the bar in 1919, Mr. Monserrat practised law from 1919 to 1930 in the city of Manila.

Meanwhile, however, the transportation business absorbed him and he began to think of big things. As a result he invented a tricycle, a three-passenger automobile. From this was born the idea of his taxicab undertaking. For almost ten years he made it a point to study closely and intImately the best transportation means. Then he tried hard to interest people in his ideas, to make them put big capital and to back him in what others called a folly. The rest of the story is now business prosperity.

S. Assemblyman from Cavite and Lawyer. He was born in Amaya, Tanza, Cavite, on September 5, 1905. He attended the Cavite High School 1920-1921; University of the Philippines High School, 1921-1924; College of Liberal Arts, College of Law, University of the Philippines, 19241929; Associate in Arts, and Bachelor of Laws. He was Deputy Provincial Fiscal for Cavite from 1930 to 1932. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Cavite to the Philippine Commonwealth's first National Assembly.

MONTANO, JUSTINIANO

R. Judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila. He is 46 years old. Before being appointed to the Judiciary, he was Assistant Attorney in the Bureau of Justice from 1919 to 1927. On February 23, 1927, he was appointed District Judge of the Fourth Judicial District comprising the provinces of La Union and Mountain Province. He is at present assigned to the Court of First Instance of Manila.

MONTEMAYOR, MARCELIANO

MONTESA, ANTONIO

'Social Worker and World War Veteran. Born in Baldajos, Romblon, on August 26, 1891, he is the son of Felipe 422

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Montesa and Isabel Moten. After graduating from high school in the Philippines, he studied in the United States in the New York Institute of Science where he obtained the Bachelor of Arts degree and finished the course on political science. He joined the Navy of the United States, receiving five medals, three for war service, and two for good conduct. While in the United States for many years, he endeavored to elevate the social and economic life of the Filipinos in the west coast. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from Romblon to the Constitutional Convention.

MONTILLA, ENRIQUE

C.

Agriculturist and Business Executive. He was born in Pulupandan, Occidental Negros, on May 22, 1904. He is the son of Oandido and Lina Montilla, graduate from the De La Salle College in 1923, Bachelor of Science in Commerce. On hl~ return to INegros Occidental, he assumed the local management of the Negros Telephone and Telegraph Company for two years. He was municipal president of Valladolid; clerk, Bank of the Philippine Islands; and Chief Clerk and Accountant, Isabela Sugar Co., Inc. Today he is assistant manager of this sugar central.

He is a member of the board of directors of the University Club, and other important organizations. A very popular man in his home province because of his magnetic personality, he was elected Delegate from the third district of Occidental Negros to the Constitutional Assembly in 1934.

MONTILLA, GIL M.

Speaker, National Assembly, Business Executive and Agriculturist. He was born in Hinigaran, Occidental Negros, on September 1, 1886. Speaker Montilla studied at the Ateneo de Manila and at the University of Santo Tomas. Starting life as a municipal teacher and earning 423

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES P15.00 a month, Mr. Montilla became, through much patience and perseverance, Municipal Secretary, Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Postmaster and later Municipal President. Not contented with his lot, he prepared for a better position in life. So he was elected Representative, Provincial Governor, and Senator. Promoter of the Isabela Sugar Co. Inc., in 1924, he was appointed Director of this Central and later its Vice-President, and then Manager of the Isabela Central. During the 1935 elections he was elected Assemblyman from the third district of Negros Occidental.

Recently he became Speaker of the National Assembly.

The moral of his life is-A self-made man goes in life very far.

MONTILLA, LUIS

Chief, Filipin~ana Division, National Library. One of the most versed men on Filipiniana, that is, on things Philippine, is Mr. Montilla, who has been a government pensionado in 1919 to the United States during the administration of the late Jose Escaler to especialize in library organization. He was formerly chief of the catalog division of the library. Modest but modern, Mr. Montilla is a man of culture and courage.

MONTINOLA, RUPERTO

Assemblyman from the Second District of Iloilo, Lawyer and Agriculturist. Born in Bago, N egros Occidental, on March 18, 1869, the son of Juan Montinola and Martina Benedicto, he was educated in the elementary school of Jaro, Iloilo, and San Juan de Letran College. He graduated as Licenciado en Derecho from the University of Santo Tomas in 1896. Mr. Montinola saw service in the Philippine army during the Revolution, 1897-1900. He was one of the members of the tenth or last Philippine Legislature as Senator from the seventh Senatorial district. He was 424

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the first provincial fiscal of Iloilo under the early years of the American regime in the Islands, 1900-1903; governor of the same province when Don Benito Lopez was assassinated in 1910, and reelected governor of Iloilo in 1922. He was lawyer of many sugar centrals and various banks having branches in Iloilo, for he is one of the greatest lawyers in the South. In 1931 he was elected to a higher post, Senator from the Seventh Senatorial district of the Philippines. Manila newspapers called him Colossus of the South at that time. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the second district of Iloilo to the Constitutional Convention. He was member of the Osrox Mission that brought the H-H-C Act and was First Vice-President of the Constitutional Convention.

MOORE, LEONARD CHAPIN

President or the Sugar News Press and the Sugar News Company. Son of James Osgood Andrew and Eliza Hibben Leland Moore, he was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on August 31, 1874. He came to the Islands in 1908, and engaged in several business enterprises, finally concentrating in 1919 in the publication of the Sugatr News, a journal devoted to the interests of the sugar industry.

He is President of the Philippine Motor Association; an Elk, a Shriner, and a Rotarian.

MORALES, LUIS

Lawyer. Born in Moncada, Tarlac, on August 25, 1885, Mr. Morales graduated from the Liceo de Manila as Bachelor of Arts, and from the Escuela de Derecho as Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to the bar in 1908.

He was Deputy to the Philippine Assembly from 1912 to 1916; Representative from the first district of Tarlac from 1916 to 1922; Provincial Governor from 1922 to 1925; 425

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES, Senator from the third senatorial district from 1926 to 1928. One time minority floor leader in the House of Representatives and one of the organizers of the Democrata Party, he was elected Delegate from the first district of Tarlac to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

V. Judge, Court of Appeals. Said the Herald: "Judge Manuel V. Moran is one of the outstanding judges in the bench today. He is at present the presiding judge of the fourth branch of the Manila court of first instance where he landed several years ago after working. in many courts in the provinces including Cavite. He was one of those instrumental in cleaning Cavite of undesirable elements.

"He was born on October 27, 1893, in Binalonan, Pangasinan. He studied at a Tayug school, and the Liceo de Manila from 1905 to 1909. He graduated from the Escuela de Derecho in 1913, and then practiced law after passing the bar the same year.

"In 1918, he was named fiscal in the bureau of justice where he worked until 1923 when he was named auxiliary judge of Iloilo. A year later he was transferred to San Fernando, Pampanga. In 1928, he was named judge of first instance of the judicial district comprising the provinces of Cavite and Palawan. 'lIn 1932, he was designated chairman of the committee to revise the code of civil procedure, and later chairman of the committee to revise the civil code. In the meantime he presided for a while over the court of first instance of Tarlac. After his work in Tarlac he was shifted to Manila.

"Judge Moran is an ardent golfer and swimmer. He is a member of the Wack Wack, Rotary, Philippine Columbian and other clubs."

MORAN, MANUEL

426

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES MORELOS, RAFAEL M.

Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Bataan. He was born in the town of Bulacan, Bulacan, on July 28, 1889.

He studied the Secondary Course in the Bulacan High School from 1900 to 1904 and graduated in Commercial Science from the Ateneo de Manila in 1908. He passed the Second Grade Civil Service examination 1907 and the Provincial Treasurer's examination in 1919, and qualified as Public Accountant by the Board of Accountancy in 1925. He held the following positions in the government: Clerk, office of the Provincial Treasurer of Bulacan, 1908; Municipal Treasurer of Angat, Bulacan, 1909; Municipal Treasurer of San Rafael, Bulacan, 1910; Municipal Treasurer of Paombong, Bulacan, 1911; Deputy Provincial Treasurer of Bulacan, 1912; Bookkeeper, Province of Bulacan, 1913-1919; Assistant Provincial Treasurer of La Union, 1919-1920; -,\ssistal'lt Provincial Treasurer of Bulacan, 1920-1922; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Romblon, 1923-1926; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Bataan from 1927 up to date. At present, he is agent of the Philippine National Bank Agency in Bataan, Chairman of the Local Examining Committee of the Bureau of Civil Service in Bataan, and Chairman of the Appraisal Committee in the Province of Bataan. He was elected Secretary of the Board of Directors of the Provincial and Municipal Treasurer's Association from 1933 to 1937.

Y. Business Executive. As one of the leading Japanese commercial men in the Philippines, Mr. Morokuma is President of the Ohta Development Co., Inc., Japanese Club, Japanese Association of Manila, Inc., and the Tondo Fishermen Reunion; also member of the Philippine Islands AntiTuberculosis Society and the Japanese Chamber of Commerce in Manila. A busy Japanese leader and a power in MOROKUMA,

427

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the Manila community, Mr. l'4orokuma is an influential figure, noted not only for his business enterprise, but also for his social welfare work.

MORROW, LoUIS LERAVOIRE

Author and Secretary to the Apostolic Delegate, Rev. William Piani, Roman Catholic Church. Reverend Morrow has been a resident in the Islands for some years. Recently he has written My Catholic FOJith, a catechism and a History of the Filipino People, for use in the private Catholic elementary schools, sub specie eternitatis.

MOSHER, GOUVERNEUR FRANK

Bishop of the Episcopal Missionary District of the Philippines. Son of Jacob Sinunons and Emma Starr (Montgomery) Mosher, he was born on October 28, 1871, in Stapleton, S. 1., New York.

Bishop Mosher received his education at the State Normal School, AllJany, New York, 1886; Union College, Schenectady, New York, 1888-92; Berkeley Divinity School, Middleton, Connecticut, 1896, and then the Union College where he obtained his degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1920.

A deacon and a priest he worked in China for twenty-five years as a missionary. Recently he became Bishop of the Episcopal missionary district of the Islands.

A mem.ber of the Psi Upsilon and Theta Nu Epsilon and honorary president of the Columbian Club, Bishop Mosher was a deputy to the, general convocation in 1904, 1910 and 1916, and is the author of a Handbook of the China Mission.

"According to thy faith be it unto thee." For this scholar's career symbolizes: "The tissue of the life to be We weave with colors all our own, And in the field of destiny We reap as we have sown."

428

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES MULLEN, NICHOLAS EDWARD

Banker and Executive. President and Organizer of the Peopies Bank & Trust Co. and the Peoples Mortgage & Investment Co. of Manila. But his election in 1931 as Vice-President of the American Bankers Association for the Philippine Islands is a signal honor.

Born on August 25, 1886, at Brooklyn, New York City, as son of Nicholas Ambrose and Ellen Rose (Flynn) Mullen, he is a graduate from' St. Johns, Arange, New Jersey, in 1904. He then worked with the International Banking Corporation of New York until 1915. He joined the Singer Sewing Machine Co., 1916-18, in its many foreign offices; also the Asia Banking Corporation in Shanghai, 1919, being manager of its Manila branch until 1926 when he resigned in order to organize the Peoples Bank & Trust Co. and its subsidiary, the Peoples Mortgage & Investment Co. Mr. Mullen is also president of the Philippine Iron Mines, Inc., and was treasurer and director of the Philippine Aerial Taxi Co., and director of EI Oriente Fabrica de Tabacos, Inc. A Mason and a Shriner, Mr. Mullen belongs also to different clubs here and abroad.

Active and studious, Mr. Mullen's life seems to illustrate Lincoln's favorite saying, "I will study and prepare, and then, perhaps, my chance will come."

S. Businessman. He is vice-president and treasurer of O'Racca Confectionery Co., Inc., with offices on Calle Baraca, Manila. Mr. Murase talks efficiently not only on business but also on world literature. Genial and courteous, he is a business builder as well as an active man of varied enterprise.

MURASE,

429

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES MURPHY, FRANK

First United States High Commissioner to the Philippines, Lawyer and Leader. "I lived in a little village in Michigan with a population of not more than 1,500. My father was a lawyer, a very able lawyer, an honorable lawyer. He had a small office and in that office was a painting. The painting had a legend and that legend left its imprint in my later life that I think I have fashioned my philosophy of life from it.

"The painting was that of a man cleaning his doorstep. And the legend was 'If each man will his doorstep sweep, the village will be clean'."

His Excellency, Hon. Frank Murphy, the last GovernorGeneral of the Philippine Islands, uttered in a stirring voice, awakened by the beloved memory of his father, that phIlosophy of hi life, at the farewell banquet given in honor of the Boy Scouts Delegation to the Budapest International Jamboree, n June 26, 1933.

Governor-General Murphy is a Democrat, a real democrat. Such is evident in all his actions, in all his speeches, in all his dealings with all sorts of men, women and children. He is also a devout Roman Catholic.

Physically well-built, magnanimous in nature, and a person in whose blood flows genuine Americanism, true, sincere and dynamic, Governor Murphy is a man of the people, by the people and for the people.

The son of John F. and Mary (Brennan) Murphy, Mr. Murphy was born in Harbor Beach, Michigan, on April 13, 18'93.

He was educated at the University of Michigan where he obtained his LL. B. in 1914. He pursued his graduate study in Lincoln's Inn, London, and in the Trinity College, Dublin.

From 1916 to 1917 he practised law at Detroit, Michigan, where it is said he had never lost a case. He was 430

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES chief assistant U. S. attorney at the Eastern District of Michigan from 1920 "to 1923. He was from 1922 to 1927 instructor in law in the University of Detroit.

Judge in Recorder's Court of Detroit, Michigan, from 1923 to 1930, he became Mayor of Detroit since 1930; his second term for mayorship expired in 1934.

Governor Murphy attended the Officers' Training Camp in Fort Sheridan, Illinois, from April to August, 1917; served as first lieutenant, and captain later, in the Infantry, U. S. A., from 1917 to 1919; also in the overseas service from 1918 to 1919, and with the Army of Occupation in Germany.

He was appointed in 1933 by the President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, as GovernorGeneral of the Philippines, and in 1935, as U. S. High Commissioner to the Philippines.

Up to this time of writing fne press of the Philippines has nothing to say but commendation on the sincerity of Governor-General Murphy in his administration of Philippine affairs. Equipped with the best exe.cutive experience and endowed with a constructive motive for the material and. cultural advancement of the Philippines, his administration will bear its enduring imprint on Philippine history, especially when one recalls to mind his distinguished father's philosophy of life, 'If each man will his doorstep sweep, the village will be clean.'

An advocate of clean life and clean government and a patronizer of arts and literature, Governor Murphy is a model of true efficiency, and a leader of Christian living.

"Neighborliness and friendliness," he said, are among the first obligations of citizenship, the elements upon which rest enduring peace pacts and trade agreements, the security of world peace.

Mr. Arsenio N. Luz, former President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands and the Rotary Club, 431

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES said, "Governor-General Frank Murphy is a public servant whose devotion to the people's trust and to public duty is an inspiration to us all, and whose determination to serve the best interest of the Filipino people is a challenge to everyone of us to emulate him; a statesman whose vision, clear and far-reaching, gives the nation the assurance of a leadership, reliable and sure, and whose acts as chief executive of these Islands, untainted by any bias, prejudice or preconceived plans are free from petty partisanship and personal preferences; a gentleman who is always himself, modest and dignified; a man who immediately commands the respect of those with whom he comes in contact because his actions are marked by a sincerity that is self-evident and stamped by a seriousness of purpose that cannot be doubted."

Mr. Vicente Madrigal, the coal magnate, said, "We think that his choice by President Roosevelt for the position of Chief Executive of the Philippines, specially in these troublous times, was a most happy choice. He has shown, by positive acts, his deep interest in helping the Filipino people to plan and to build their economic future."

The University of the Philippines conferred upon him in March, 1936, the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa--"For your eminent service to the cause of Philippine independence, your name is forever written upon the grateful and remerribering hearts of the Filipino people."

MURPHY -TEAHAN, MARGARET

Social Worker. Sister of Commissioner Frank Murphy, born in Harbor Beach, Michigan. She came to the Philippines with her husband, William Teahan, Adviser to the High Commissioner, because of her brother Frank.

She was educated in a Catholic school for girls in Detroit, St. Mary's Academy.

432

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Interested in art, literature, and music, she is a woman of culture, active and modern. Here is her beautiful sentiment "We should do something for humanity." Her greatest interest, however, is in social welfare work, being the Honorary President of the Associated Charities of Manila.

She is active and prominent in her social service work.

F. "The best way to succeed is

NAKPIL, JUAN

Architect and Builder. to start from the bottom."

The son of Julio N akpil, composer and piano professor, and of the widow of the Katipunan leader, Andres Bonifacio, mother of the Philippine Revolution, Mr. Nakpil is the nephew of the late Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin, famed physician and philanthropist. He was born in Quiapo, Manila, on May 26, 1899.

He wanted to be a pianist, but later decided to study decorative painting under Fabian de la Rosa, crayon, pastel and oil work under Fernando Amorsolo and modeling under Jose de Ocampo. Then he entered the Quiapo Primary School, the Tondo Intermediate School and the Manila High School, graduating in 1917, and enrolled in engineering at the University of the Philippines.

But genius always seeks an outlet. One day he boarded a steamer for the United States where soon he realized that he must either work or starve. His job was as a pianist at night. Meantime he enrolled in the University of Kansas where he obtained his B.S. in Engineering, 1922; attended Harvard; took his Master's degree in architecture and architectural engineering and won high honors in a competition with students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Architects Club of Boston. Mr. Nakpil also won in the contest for designs of a blank, a lighthouse, a courthouse, and a theatre. So when his uncle 433

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Dr. Bautista heard of Nakpil's fame, his wealthy relative aided him. At Harvard Mr. Napkil came under the tutorship of Jean Jacques Haffner, Grand Prix de Rome winner.

In 1924 he was awarded the Joseph Evelyth scholarship. "His greatest triumph" was when 100 students from all over' the States were chosen to be sent to the Fontainebleau School of Fine Arts for advanced courses in arts; in said school he came under the influence of Laloux and Carlu, and was awarded a diploma; his thesis was "Conservatory of Music for Manila," dedicated to his benefact?r, which was highly praised.

In 1926 Mr. Nakpil returned to the Philippines, married the first Miss Philippines, Anita Noble, and worked for some time with Andres Luna de San Pedro. Some of his well known designs are the Fernandez Building, the Quiapo Church, residences of Mrs. Nieves Gonzalez, Mr. R. Roces and his own, the Go Lamco and Uy Chaco buildings, the Radio Theatre, the Brias-Roxas Building, and the Capitol and State theatres.

Such a splendid achievement was possible because Mr. N akpil, internationally known Architect, has lived up to his boyhood's favorite saying "The best way to succeed is to start from the bottom" which, coupled with patience, placed him among the Philippine leaders in art and architecture.

NATHORST, CARL EDWARD

Brigadier General and retired Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.

A distinguished career of public service, covering more than thirty years in the Islands, has brought General Nathorst to his former rank as Chief of Constabulary.

Born June 20, 1862, at Dagsholm, Sweden; son of the diplomat and scientist, Professor Hjalmar Otto and of 434

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Marie Charlotte (von Georgii) Nathorst, Gen. Nathorst is the brother of the Arctic explorer and geologist, Professor Alfred Gabriel Nathorst. He married Lillian Gwinner Trego at Manila on July 18, 1919.

Decoration: From the United States Army; Spanish War, Congressional, and Philippine Insurrection and from the Philippine Constabulary; Distinguished Service Star, Long Service, Victory (World War), Luzon Campaign, and Mindanao-Sulu Campaign.

Member: Masons, United Spanish War Veterans, Veterans, Philippine Constabulary, Army and Navy, Manila Polo, Wack Wack Golf and Country, and Baguio Golf and Country Clubs.

General Nathorst's early education was with private tutors and in private schools in Sweden. He took his A. B. degree from Malmo, his M. A. from Alnarps Landtbruks Institute, and then spent two years in Edinburgh, Scotland, in private agricultural research.

From Edinburgh, he went to the United States and there engaged in construction work for the Northern Pacific and Chicago and Great Western Railroads. The railroad work covered the years from 1883 to 1898. Meanwhile he had become a naturalized American citizen, April 20, 1892, at Livingston, Montana.

When the Spanish American War broke out, General Nathorst enlisted in the United States Army. He arrived in the Philippines July 30, 1898, with D Co., 13th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. Here he saw the usual service and was discharged a corporal, August 10, 1899. He was then employed by the military in rebuilding the Manila-Dagupan Railroad from 1899 to 1900. The next year was spent in gold mining in Suyoc, Lepanto-Bontoc.

On November 16, 1901, General Nathorst was appointed a second class inspector of that new and undevel435

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES oped organization, the Philippine Constabulary. He accepted the appointment without enthusiasm, but soon found that he thoroughly liked the struggle of this new organization to find itself. He organized and commanded the first Igorot Constabulary and is held today the chief human factor in the suppression of head hunting among that people. He was, while serving as a Constabulary officer, governor of Bontoc from 1904 to 1906 and governor of Lepanto-Bontoc from 1906 to 1907. He passed through all the grades and most of the assignments which are possible to a Constabulary officer until, on January 18, 1927, he was made chief with the rank of Brigadier General. As chief, he has been especially remarkable for his activity as an inspecting officer. It would be difficult to find a Constabulary soldier in so remote a spot that had not known him as "Our Father."

Volunteer, Commander of Lepanto-Bontoc, Chief of the Philippine Constabulary, and Brigadier General, truly he deserves all, because, "I have devoted the biggest part of my life to the Constabulary. .. Organization-here lies my whole view of life-Organization!"

NATIVIDAD, BENITO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-First Judicial District, Leyte.

He is 61 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he 'Was Third Member of the Provincial Board of Nueva Ecija from 1907 to 1910, and Provincial Governor of the same province from 1910 to 1913. Then he was successively Provincial Fiscal in the following provinces: Zambales, 1913; Tarlac, 1913-1914; Cavite, 1914; Rizal, 1914-1916; Samar, 1916-1917; Albay, 1917-1924; and Leyte, 1924-1927. He received his appointment to his present position on January 1, 1927.

436

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES N AVAL, MACARIO

Division Superintendent of Schools, Ilocos Sur. Macario Naval was born in San Fernando, Pampanga, on March 10, 1896.

He obtained his H.S.T.C. from the University of the Philippines in 1917, B.A. from Iowa State Teachers College in 1925, and M.A. from Leland Stanford Jr. University in 1926.

In his home province, he began his career first, as high school teacher, 1917-1918, then supervising teacher, 1918-1921, and academic supervisor, 1921-1924. Then he went to America. Upon his return to the Philippines, in 1926, he was a&signed to Cebu as academic supervisor. In 1927, he was transferred to Albay Normal School as principal, and later to Pangasinan Normal School. While in Pangasinan he rece1.ved his proDjlotion to division superintendent of schools for Antique. In 1935, he was transferred to Ilocos Sur. NAVARRO, JUAN

Lawyer. Born in Naujan, Mindoro, on May 27, 1885, and son of Juan Navarro, Sr., and Filomena Ruiz, he graduated in law in 1915 with the assistance of Macario Adriatico and Teodoro M. Kalaw. Mr. Navarro is one of the dynamic figures in Mindoro politics today. He was twice Governor of Mindoro province. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from Mindoro to the Constitutional Convention.

B. Musician and Band Conductor. Born on June 29, 1879, in Tagudin, Mountain Province, he is son of Pedro Navarro and Bartola Bravo. He was educated in the convent of his native town, and then in the convent of St. Augustine in Manila, where he studied under Maestro Adonay from 1894 NAVARRO, PEDRO

437

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES to 1898, and also under Jose Masllovet, a Spanish violin professor. He then joined several musical organizations in Manila. In 1899 he became member of the Constabulary Band; joined U. S. volunteer band; succeeded Major Loving as band conductor of the Constabulary Band in 1916-the highest tribute to his musical talents, as he was the first Filipino conductor of the world famous Constabulary Band.

In 1917, he left the band, and devoted his time to military science; he also composed marches and danzas, such as Virginia, Danza, Solitud, Ilocano Airs, Suit de Valses. As soldier he won medals for valor; as musician and band conductor he won praises and prizes.

NAVARRO, REGINO

J.

Bacteriologist and Pathologist. Owner-manager of the Manila Medical Laboratory at the Regina Building in the city of Manila.

The son of Santiago Navarro and Pascuala de Jesus, Dr. Navarro first saw the light of day on September 7, 1893, at Bacolor, Pampanga. He studied at the Bacolor central and intermediate schools, and graduated in 1913 from the Pampanga High School. In 1918 he obtained his A.B. from the University of the Philippines, and in 1919 his M.D. from the University of Illinois.

Dr. Navarro was licensed to practice medicine in the State of lllinois, and for one year he worked at the Columbus Laboratories.

If was in 1920 when he returned to the Philippines; he joined the Bureau of Science from 1920 to 1923, and since 1923 to date he has been connected with the University of the Philippines and the Philippine General Hospital as pathologist and bacteriologist.

At the College of Medicine, U. P., Dr. Navarro is directly in charge of the course in clinical pathology and a professorial lecturer on bacteriology and pathology.

438

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Simple by nature and engaging in personality, Dr. N avarro says, "Make yourself and your mind busy and active to keep you away from idleness. Action is the source of all success and happiness."

NEBRIDA, VENANCIO

Division Superintendent of Schools, Surigao. He was born in Oras, Samar, on May 18, 1895. He studied in the Philippine Normal School where he graduated in 1915. He obtained his B.Pd. from Teachers Professional College.

Washington, D. C., in 1920. When he was sent to the United States as pensionado in 1928-1929, he specialized in elementary education in the University of Iowa and educational administration in the University of Chicago.

He served as supervising teacher of Calbayog, Samar, from 1920 to 1922 when he was promoted to division superintendent of schools for Bataan. He was assigned to Antique, 1925-1927; Camarines Norte, 1927-1933; and Masbate, 1933-1935. He was sent to Surigao in November, 1935.

NEPOMUCENO, JOSE

Pioneer Producer and Cameraman in the motion picture industry in the Philippines; founder and director of the Malayan Pictures Corporation; technician, Parlatone Hispano-Filipino, Inc., producers of local talking pictures.

Credit is due Mr. Nepomuceno for his exceptional qualities as scenario writer and director, and at the same time photographer and producer and manager of his photoplays. Such efforts as "Tatlong Hambug," "Sampaguita," "Ang Lumang Simbahan," "Ang Monghita," "Lihim Ni BatIiala," and "Ligaw Na Bulaklak," were good enough productions in the early days.

Born in the city of Manila and equipped with only a regular education, Mr. N epomuceno presents a figure of 439

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES courage and activity, a m.an whose career demonstrates what an adventurous spirit can do.

With his brother Jesus, he took the lead in the local film industry and made it succeed; he prepared the way: such is the Pioneer-Mr. Jose N epomuceno, director and photographer of Filipino silent and sound films, who, in his labors, always remembers: "Let us, then, be up and doing: learn to labor and to wait."

D. Lawyer and Business Executive. Owner and manager of Angeles Electric Light and Power Plant, Angeles Ice Plant and Reyna Soft Drinks, awarded first prize by the Pampanga Carnival. Mr. N epomuceno was born in Angeles, Pampanga, on March 8, 1892, and educated in the St. Xavier Seminary, A.B., 1910, and in La Jurisprudencia, LL.B., 1918. He "as admitted by the Supreme Court to practice law in 191a. He is in charge of the Holy Angel Academy of Angeles, Pampanga. Mr. Nepomuceno was also elected municipal councilor and then President of the municipality of Angeles, Pampanga. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the first district of Pampanga to the Constitutional Convention. fÂť NEPOMUCENO, JUAN

NEPOMUCENO, RICARDO

Judge, Court of First Instance of Nueva Ecija. He was born on February 21, 1894, in Boac, Marinduque, the son of Eduardo N epomuceno and Apolonia Lazaro. He studied in the Boac Primary School, then in the Boac Intermediate School and later in the Manila High School. He enrolled in the College of Law, University of the Philippines, where he graduated, with honors, in 1915. In the same year, he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Nepomuceno has been secretary to Justice Street and then to Justice Carson. He was elected representative from Marinduque 440

I

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES and author of "Philippine Law of Obligations." He was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from the district of Marinduque in 1934. While in the technical staff of Malacafiang, he was appointed in June, 1936, Judge of the Court of First Instance of Nueva Ecija.

NEPOMUCENO, VICENTE

Lawyer. He was born in Camalaniugan, Cagayan, on April 24, 1864, the son of Angel N epomuceno and Candida Siriban. He attended the Vigan Seminary, and the San Juan de Letran College where he obtained the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1887. He obtained his Licentiate in Jurisprudence from the University of Santo Tomas in 1893. He was acting judge of first instance at the close of the Spanish government; provincial governor of Cagayan in the RevolutionarY" period; judge of the court of first instance of Cagayan and Isabela under the military government; fiscal of the province of Cagayan and Isabela in 1904; member of the Philippine Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis in 1904; and judge of the court of first instance, 1909 to 1926. After many years of government service and by virtue of old age, he retired as Presiding Judge in the Fifth Branch of the Court of First Instance of Manila. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from Cagayan to the Constitutional Convention.

NERA, VENANCIO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Masbate.

Venancio N era was born in Luna, La Union, on May 12, 1895. He was appointed principal of the Balaoan Intermediate School where he remained until 1916 when he was transferred to Bacnotan Intermediate School. In 1918, he was promoted to supervising teacher for San Fernando district, La Union. After two years, he was appointed 441

E~CYCLOPEDIA

OF THE PHILIPPINES

academic supervisor for La Union, then transferred to Cebu in 1922, and to Iloilo in 1926 where he stayed until 1928 when he went to the United States. After obtaining his A.B., Colorado State Teachers College, 1930, and M.A., Ohio State University, 1931, he returned to the Philippines where he was assigned to the Albay Normal School as principal, then to Albay High School where he stayed until he was appointed division superintendent for Masbate in 1935.

NESTLE, MARK

General Secretary of the American-European Y. M. C. A. Born in Fort Plain, New York, he studied in the high schools in Springfield and Gloversville, and was an honor graduate, Springfield College. He came to the Archipelago in 1930 as General Secretary of the AmericanEuropean Y. M. C. A. He is also member of the Rotary Club and the Union Church.

NIEVA, GREGORIO

Journalist. Born in Boac, Marinduque, on November 17, 1880, he studied in the Jesuits' College in Manila.

From 1900 to 1901, he stayed in Hongkong, studying the English language in the Victoria School and Union College.

He returned to the Philippines in July, 1901, and in September of the same year entered the Civil Service as Deputy of the Provincial Treasury in Marinduque. In October, he transferred to Manila in the Office of the Bureau of Health and later to the Executive Bureau. While an employee, he took up the law course from 1903 to 1907 in the Escuela de Leyes of J uez Paredes. He was elected Secretary of the Assembly of Provincial Governors in October, 1906. In 1907, he transferred to the Tribunal del Registro de la Propiedad as assistant law clerk. He resigned this post, and accepted the office of Assistant Secretary of the Phil442

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ippine Assembly. Twenty days later, he was chosen Secretary of the Assembly. In the second Assembly of Provincial Governors, September 28 to October 7, 1908, he acted as Secretary, also Secretary of the Comite Conjunto Permanente of the Legislature. He was elected Deputy in 1909 from Zambales to the Philippine Assembly and also re-elected to the Second Philippine Legislature, 1912.

Mr. Nieva was editor of the famous PhiliJppine Review.

NOBLE, VICENTE

Provincial Governor of Batangas. Born in Taal, Batangas, on November 29, 1878, and son of Pascual Noble and Melchora Montenegro, he learned his first letters in a private school established in Taal, and in another private college of Taal founded by Professor Daniel Farol, then in the San Juan de\Letran College, A.B., and in Santo Tomas University where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts and Surveyor. During the latter part of the Philippine Revolution he served as Lieutenant in the Makiling Battalion, commanded by General Miguel Malvar, and as Aide-de-Camp to General Eleuterio Marasigan. When civil government was established under the American regime, he engaged in the practice of surveying, and later devoted himself to business and agriculture. Governor Noble was at one time member of the Municipal Council of Taal until 1930 when he was appointed Provincial Governor of Batangas. As Provincial Governor of Batangas, Mr. Noble has been elected twice to the same position.

NOLASCO, JUAN

Former Senator to the Tenth and Last Philippine Legislature, 1935, Dr. Nolasco was born in Tondo, Manila, on March 8, 1885, the son of Ceferino Nolasco and Severa Gomez. He received his Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo 443

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES de Manila, and his Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Santo Tomas. He is at present a practicing physician. He was consulting physician of the Mary Johnson Hospital for many years; municipal councilor of Manila from 1916 to 1919; Representative from the north district of Manila from 1919 to 1921. In 1931 he was elected Senator from the Fourth Senatorial District, becoming member of the Mixed Independence Mission to the United States in 1933. He was chairman of the committee on health, national enterprises, and city of 'Manila in the Philippine Senate when the Philippine Legislature was in 1935 converted into the Philippine National Assembly.

N OTARIO, EMILIO

Rector, Seminario de San Carlos. Reverend N otario (C. M.) is one of our noted professors in theology. The Seminario de San Carlos, which is one of the most famous seminaries in the Philippines, was founded during the Spanish days. It has given us most of the religious crusaders who would give their lives for the glory of God and for the welfare of humanity. Padre Notario is carrying on creditably the sacred tradition of his office.

NUYDA, JUSTINO

Assemblyman from the Second District of Albay and Farmer. Born in Camalig, Albay, on May 14, 1893, he is a self-made man, only an intermediate school graduate.

But with hard work and self-study he was able to become Clerk, Municipal Treasurer's Office, Legaspi, Albay, 19111913'; Clerk, Property Clerk, Internal Revenue Clerk, Cashier, and Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Office of the Provincial Treasurer, Albay, 1913-1917; Census Inspector, 1918; Deputy Municipal Treasurer, Guinobatan, Albay, 1919-1920; Chief Clerk and Deputy, Office of the Provin444

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES cial Treasurer, Daet, Camarines Norte, 1921-1922; Provincial Treasurer, Daet, Camarines Norte, 1923-1925; Special Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Albay, 1925-1928; Assistant Provincial Treasurer, Albay, 1929-1933, and then Representative of Albay during the 10th Legislature. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the second district of Albay to the Commonwealth's first National Assembly.

OCAMPO, BUENAVENTURA

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Third District, Ilocos Norte. He is 48 years old. Before being appointed to the Judiciary, he has held the following positions: Justice of the Peace in the municipality of Cavite, Cavite, 19191920; Provincial Fiscal of Ilocos Norte, 1920-1925; Provincial Fiscal of Bulacan, 1925-1929. His first appointment to the Judidary was as an Auxiliary Judge on July 1, 1929.

In the same year he was appointed District Judge. He now holds the same position in !locos Norte.

OCAMPO, FELICIANO

Judge-at-Large, Public Service Commission. He is 47 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Assistant Chief of the former Executive Bureau; Under Secretary of Interior, 1923-1933; and Under Secretary of Interior and Labor in 1933. On March 1, 1933, he was appointed Judge-at-Large, Public Service Commission. He still holds this position up to the present time.

V. Novelist and Scenario Writer. Born in Iriga, Camarines Sur, on May 6, 1900, she is the sister of Sor Candida Ocampo, the Directress of the Colegio de Santa Isabel of Manila, founded in 1594. She was educated in her town and in Manila and later in the United States of America.

In 1924 she went to the United States where she became OCAMPO, FELICIDAD

445

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the only Filipino woman who was employed by the U. S. Federal Government for ten years, under the Department of the Interior, Indian Field Service, as a social worker, a nurse, X-ray and laboratory technician and teacher. She returned to the Islands in 1936.

She wrote The Brown Maiden, Conchita and A Woman Lawyer, which were published in the States. Her latest work is Port'ia. "Miss Ocampo," the Philippine FOlf'um commented, "enjoys the distinction of being the only Filipina whose works have been filmed by one of the Hollywood companies."

"There is always some good in everybody and in everything," remarked_this novelist.

E HIZON, FERNANDO Architect and Civil Engineer. Mr. Ocampo is the son of Dr. Basilio Ocampo and Leoncia Hizon. He was born on August 7, 1897, in San Fernando, Pampanga.

He studied at the Ateneo de Manila, getting his A.B. in 1914; entered the Universtiy of Santo Tomas, getting his C.E. in 1919; and attended the University of Pennsylvania, getting his Bachelor of Architecture in 1921. After that he worked with Mr. E. G. Perrot, in Philadelphia, and spent two years in Europe in order to broaden his knowledge on architectural design.

In the Bureau of Public Works he worked as assistant architect for four years, and in 1928 he became associated with Mr. T. Arguelles, under the firm name of Arguelles & Ocampo, architects.

As an architect and engineer, Mr. Ocampo has built many a prize-winning building in the city of Manila, such as the residence of Mr. Joaquin Baltazar which won the first prize in, the 1930 beautiful, artistic home contest.

Other buildings to his credit are the Arguelles, Paterno, Ayala, Cu U nj ieng and Fernandez buildings, and the OCAMPO

446

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Assumption Academy of Pampanga, and the Seminary of Sto. Tomas University.

Mr. Ocampo was a member of the Board of Examiners for Architects in Manila in 1929. He is also a member of the faculty of the School of Architecture of the Santo Tomas University.

Silent and modest, Mr. Ocampo is a pride in his profession. "The only way to succeed is to go to work," he said. "Get training and experience, and your ambition will be realized. Travel in my line gives a certain breadth of understanding and conception of the progress of the world in arts."

S. Provincial Treasurer of Batangas. He was born in Nabua, Camarines Sur, on November 8, 1872, and educated in the Ateneo de Manila~ and San Juan de Letran, where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts" in 1890. He also attended the University of Santo Tomas, where he completed only the two years pre-medical course. He abandoned his studies to help his parents run their farms.

From 1898 to 1900, he served the Filipino Army under Generals Lukban and Vifiiegra. He first joined the service of the government as a property clerk. Later on he received other promotions until he was appointed provincial treasurer of Bohol in April, 1921.

OCAMPO, JOSE

O'DOHERTY, MICHAEL JAMES

Archbishop of Manila and Doctor of Divinity. The Most Reverend Michael James O'Doherty, the genial Archbishop of Manila, is the spiritual head of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippine Islands.

The most Rev. M. J. O'Doherty was born in Charlestown, Mayo, Ireland, the birthplace of "the most devout 447

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES people of the world, on July 30, 1874, the son of Michael J. O'Doherty and Julia O'Kelly.

He obtained his elementary and secondary education in his home town, and then enrolled in St. Nathy's College and Maynooth College, Ireland. Later he studied at the Royaf College of Science, Dublin, and then in the Irish College, Salamanca, Spain. He obtained his doctor of divinity degree from the Pontifical University in Salamanca in 1896. He was a professor of classics in St. N athy's College until 1904, and president of the Irish College until 1913; and then he went to the United States. Afterwards he was made first Bishop of Zamboanga, and in September, 1916, he was elevated to his present position, Archbishop of Manila..

The record of His Grace, the Reverend Archbishop of Manila, is a book of pious pages, pictured with brilliant religious services wberever he went, espeeially here in the Philippines, where he has done much in saving the youth from the evil influence of the ultra-modern waves of disastrous civilization. What did he say?

"The world is returning to an appreciation of spiritual values while learning a bitter lesson... After a season of prosperity, during which were relegated the claims of God to a secondary place, they find that even the flesh pots of Egypt are escaping them; and they are beginning to realize the truth of the Divine words. 'Without Me you can do nothing'."

ODOM, WILLIAM JAMES

Businessman and Contractor.

As one of the structural builders of modern Manila, he has constructed some of the finest buildings in the metropolis, such as the Insular Life Building, the University Club building, the Masonic Temple building and the H. E. Heacock Co. building. Besides these Mr. Odom 448

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES has also done a great deal of engineering and constructing work in many provinces of the Archipelago.

Born at Rutland, Vermont, U. S. A., Mr. Odom is the son of Charles and Emma Graham (McKay) Odom.

He came to the Islands in 1899 with the United States Army. Later he engaged himself in engineering and contracting work. This self-made man is a man of big enterprise.

OHNICK, BENJAMIN S. Businessman and Attorney-at-law. He is Director of the Marsman Investments, Marsman and Company, Suyoc Consolidated, United Paracale, San Mauricio, Peoples Mortgage, and Canacao Estate. Formerly President of the U niversity Club, he is Member of the Casino Espafiol, Wack Wack, Manila Golf, Swiss, and German clubs. Mr. Ohnick came from Phoenix, Arizona, born on July 29, 1890. He graduated in 1913 from the University of Washington with an LL.B. degree. Eight years later, he arrived in the Philippines, practised law and made good, now being not only a prominent lawyer but also a prominent business man.

OMBRA AMILBANGSA

Assemblyman from Sulu; Moro Datu. He was born in Dbol, Simunul, Sulu, around 32 years ago. The schools he attended are' Tampakan Primary School for 2 years; Sitankai Primary School; Sibutu Elementary School for 2 years; and later transferred to the Tubig-Indafigan Elementary where he finished his elementary education. In 1931 he graduated from the Sulu Provincial High School and enrolled later at the College of Liberal Arts, University of Manila. He was appointed representative of Sulu by Governor General Frank Murphy. Datu Ombra ran as Assemblyman for Sulu and was in 1935 elected member to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

449

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES OPISSO, ANTONIO M.

Attorney and Businessman. He was born in Manila on September 10, 1880. He obtained his A.B. and his Master of Mechanics degrees from the Ateneo de Manila.

He studied law in the University of Sto Tomas. In 1901, he left for the United States where he studied in the Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and got his LL.B. in 1903, and his LL.M. in 1904. Between 1904 and 1905, he was reporter of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.

After 1905 he devoted his time to the practice of his chosen profession and became Judge of the Court of First Instance of Surigao and Iloilo, 1927-1930. He is President of the Mindanao Mining Company, trustee of the Bato-Posdo Venture, United Mindanao and North Mindanao Venture.

OPPUS, TOMAS

Assemblyman from the Third District of Leyte.

The son of lawyer Gabriel Oppus Real, he was born in the municipality of Maasin, Leyte, on September 18, 1889. He learned his first letters in the school of Escolastico Mercado. In 1901 he entered Ateneo de Manila where he later graduated as Perito Mercantil and Bachelor of Arts. He enrolled in the Escuela de Derecho in 1908, but returned the next year to Maasin where he becam.e vice-president of the local committee of the Nacionalista Party. In 1913 he was councilor and in 1915 municipal secretary of Maasin, and also served as interpreter in the Courts of First Instance of Leyte from 1910 to 1918. It was in 1922 when he presented his candidacy as representative for Leyte and became elected for the second district of Leyte. The genial gentleman from Leyte was re-elected representative during the elections of 1925, 1928 and 1931. Again in 1935 he was elected member of the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

450

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ORENSE, EUSEBIO

Assemblyman from Batangas and Corporation Lawyer.

"Devotion to duty, honesty of purpose, and integrity of character in all my transaction; having always for my guide justice, and for counsel my conscience!" he said.

The son of Norberto Orense and Juliana Navarro, Mr. Orense was born on May 15, 1875, in Bauan, Batangas.

Educated in his home town under the tutorship of professors F. R. Caedo and D. Farol, he continued his high school course at the San Juan de Letran College, where as a capista he obtained his A.B. Later on he took up his law studies at the University of Santo Tomas where he obtained his Licenciado 路en Derecho. Among his contemporaries are Chief Justice Avancefia and Senator de Vera.

When, however, the Americans were in Batangas he was permitted in 1900 to return to his town. After those dark days, Don Eusebio went to Manila and presented his application to practice law before the Supreme Court. So in May, 1900, Don Eusebio and his family moved to Manila. He worked with Del Pan, Ortigas and Fisher.

In the Philippine Assembly of 1907 Don Eusebio became a deputy for the second district of Batangas. After that, Don Eusebio left politics and devoted all his time to his law practice.

The president of Central Danao, (also secretary and lawyer), and the president of Germinal, Inc., Don Eusebio is also member of the board of directors of the Hospital de San Juan de Dios, the Bank of the Philippine Islands, and the Philippine Sugar Estate Development Co. (also its attorney). He was delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934 and elected Assemblyman from Batangas in 1935 to the Commonwealth Assembly.

He is besides the owner of EI Real Central, Calamba, and member of the board of trustees of the Philippine Sugar Association.

451

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Attorney for the Corporacion de Padres Agustinos and of the Corporaciones de Padres Dominicos for about thirty years, Don Eusebio is the most picturesque religious corporation lawyer in the Philippines.

V. Chief of the Home Economics Division, Bureau of Science and Member of the National Research Council.

Miss Orosa is better known for her studies and experiments on the preservation of Philippine foods. Born in Taal, Batangas, on November 29, 1893, she was educated in the public schools in her province. In 1918 she enrolled in the University of Washington to study Pharmacy and Chemistry. In 1920 she received the degree of Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, and after another year she received the Master of Science degree. She was Assistant State Chemist in the State Government of Washington. On her return to the Philippines she was appointed to her present position.

ORO SA, MARIA

ORTEGA, JUAN

Attorney-at-Law and Editor of the "Boletin Espirita." In his school days Mr. Ortega walked from Malabon to the city of Manila to attend classes. Self-made and a criminologist, Mr. Ortgea is also active in other fields; he is now the President of the "Union Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Inc.," a scientific and moral institution. The son of poor parents, Quintin Ortega and Monica Santamaria, Mr. Ortega was born in Malabon, Rizal, on October 24, 1884. He attended the Liceo de Manila where he received his A.B., and the Escuela de Derecho de Manila where he graduated as LL.B. He passed the bar examinations in the year 1919. He was Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

In order to support himself and his parents, Mr. Ortega entered the government service in 1903, serving suc452

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES cessively as a forest ranger, clerk of the Philippine Constabulary, stenographer at the Executive Bureau, and Spanish and English stenographer in the courts of Manila.

"As a youth I remember," said Mr. Ortega, "earning my first twelve centavos a day by cutting and selling grass. I studied law by myself, but had to enter a resident school because of new regulations."

Mr. Ortega believes that constancy of purpose is the lever of success. As a spiritist he remarks, "All the world is a brotherhood. And in order that I may reach God I must serve and must practice charity, for without it there is no salvation."

Noted as a leader and a lawYer, Mr. Ortega, who is a very modest man, is an illustration of what a man can accomplish if he has constancy of purpose, charity, and love.

ORTEZA, JOSE

C.

Provincial Treasurer of Agusan. Mr. Orteza is also the Provincial Assessor and Agent of the Philippine National Bank, Agusan Agency. He was born in Masbate, Masbate, on January 25, 1889. He studied Spanish under the direction of Rev. Father Manuel Navea of the same town, 1899-1903; completed intermediate course in Masbate High School, 1907; attended the Philippine Normal School, 1908-1910; took higher accounting by correspondence, International Correspondence Schools; awarded C.P.A. certificate by exemption from examination; passed First Grade Civil Service examination in 1920. He was Insular Teacher, 1910-1915; traveling deputy treasurer, Agusan, 1916-1918; then transferred to Zamboanga; Treasury in 1918; became Cashier, 1919, Chief Clerk and Deputy, Zamboanga, 1920; designated Acting Provincial Treasurer, 453

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Davao, 1924; and lastly appointed Provincial Treasurer of Agusan, January, 1925, until now.

A. Lawyer. He was born in Cantilan, Surigao, on March 6, 1897, the son of Juan Ortiz and Tomasa Arreza. He was educated in his home town, in the Surigao High School, Pangasinan High School, and later in the University of the Philippines, where he graduated in law. He was member of the House of Representatives from 1925 to 1931, and Delegate from Surigao to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

ORTIZ, MONTANO

ORTIZ, SIXTO

B.

Provincial Treasurer of Camarines Sur. Mr. Ortiz is, besides being a regularly appointed Provincial Treasurer, also an Ex-Officio Provincial Assessor and Agent of the Philippine National Bank Agency of Masbate, at present Acting in similar capacities in Camarines Sur. He was born in Tabaco, Albay, on April 6, 1888, and the son of Raymundo Ortiz and Narcisa Bonagua. He attended the public schools for an aggregate period of ten (10) months.

He is a self-made provincial treasurer.

OSIAS, CAMILO

Assemblyman from La Union, Educator, Author, Social Worker, Editor. The first Filipino Division Superintendent of Schools, former member of directorate of the Bureau of Education, President of the National University, formerly Senator from the second senatorial district comprising the provinces of La Union, Pangasinan, and Zambales, Dr. Osias was born in Balaoan, La Union, on March 23, 1889. He studied in his town, in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, in San Fernando, La Union, and continued in America, being appointed government student to the United States 454

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES in 1905; was graduated from the Western Illinois State Teachers College, Macomb, Illinois; in 1908 attended the University of Chicago for two summer sessions; resided in the city of New York, 1908-1910, and obtained his Bachelor of Science in Education from Columbia University and his professional diploma in educational administration and supervision from the Teachers College of New York City. On his return from America, via Europe, he was assigned as teacher in the high school, San Fernando, La Union, in 1910; Supervising Teacher, Bacnotan, San Juan, and San Fernando, 1910-1914; married Ildefonsa Cuaresma; Academic Supervisor of city schools, Manila, 1914-1915; Assistant Chief, Academic Division, Bureau of Education in 1916; Superintendent of Schools for Tayabas in 1917; Second Assistant Director of Education, 19171919; First Assistant Director of Education, 1920-1921; Member of the first Philippine Mission to the United States, 1919-1920; Secretary-Treasurer and first VicePresident, Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation, 19181929; Head of Philippine Delegation, once to Japan, and twice to China; Professorial lecturer, University of the Philippines, 1919-1921; President, National University, December 1, 1921, to the present time. He was conferred Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, by Otterbein College and awarded the Columbia University medal for service in October, 1929. Author of the series of eight Philippine readers used in the Philippine public schools, Education in the Philippines Under the Spanish Regime, Rizal and Education, Barrio Life and Barrio Education, Our Education and Dynamic. Filipinism, Evangelical Christianity in the Philippines (in collaboration), Rizal and Regaining Our Eden Ldst (in collaboration with Mrs. Ildefonsa Osias), The Philippine Charter of Liberty (in collaboration), Ti Filipinas Ditoy Lubong, Education and Religion in the 455

I

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Philippines (Volume V of the Encyclopedia of the Philippines), etc., and editor and publisher of The Philippine

Forum. He was elected Senator from the second senatorial district, June, 1925, to February 7, 1929, being credited with the largest majority ever obtained till then by a Filipino elective official; elected Resident Commissioner from . the Philippines to the United States Congress from March 4, 1929, to March 3, 1932; reelected to January 3, 1935; Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from the First District of La Union. In 1935 he was again elected Assemblyman from the first district of La Union to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. President Osias is not only one of our foremost educators but also one of our foremost "intellectual pioneers."

OSMENA, SERGIO

Vice-President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines; Lawyer and Statesman. One of the leaders of the Filipino People. Chairman of the Educational Commission. First Speaker of the Philippine Assembly.

Born on September 9, 1878, in Cebu, Cebu, he began his elementary and high school education at the San Carlos Seminary, Cebu, and the San Juan de Letran College, Manila, where he obtained his A.B. degree. Later he attended the University of Santo Tomas, graduating with the LL. B. degree in 1903, and was conferred the degree of LL. D., honoris causa, by the same university in 1929 and by the University of the Philippines in 1930.

He was editor of El Nuevo Dia, collaborating with Rafael Palma and Jaime C. de Veyra. In 1904 he was appointed governor of Cebu, and later he was designated fiscal for Cebu and Oriental N egros. He was elected governor of his province in 1906. Governor Osmefia was 456

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the one who presided over the first assembly of provincial governors. But his extraordinary work was adequately recognized when he was elected as delegate to the Philippine Assembly in 1907, and chosen as the first Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1916, a task which he performed with dignity and credit to his country.

His people, who had confidence in his leadership, reelected him to the same post until 1922. Always he acted as speaker, the gentleman from Cebu. In 1922 he was elected senator from the tenth senatorial district, and in 1935 also elected assemblyman from Cebu.

Mr. Osmefia was vice-president of the Council of State and also president of the N acionalista Party since its foundation, until President Quezon assumed the lead~ ership in 1921. Senator Osmefia was a member of the third legislative mission to the United States in 1924, special envoy of the Philippine rlegislature to the United States and delegate to the 23rd Inter-Parliamentary Conference in Washington, D. C., in 1925, and head of many important independence missions to America.

A speaker once said to him one night, "Senator Osmefia, thirteen million people are with you 1" "He is an international figure of well known wisdom, tact and vision" wrote the press.

On September 17, 1935, Mr. Osmena was elected VicePresident of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He is now the Secretary of Public Instruction.

Mr. Osmefia has dedicated his life to the cause of his country. A calm and magnetic leader, the Speaker of the first Philippine Assembly and the first Legislature is a man loved and respected by his people who repose confidence in his brilliant leadership and his admirable tact, wisdom and diplomacy in all things pertaining to the affairs of the state-in guiding them to their great destiny as a new nation in the Pacific.

457

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES OZAMIS, JOSE

Assemblyman from Misamis Occidental and Lawyer.

He was born in Aloran, Misamis Occidental, on May 5, 1898.

He received his primary education from the parochial school of Cagayan, Misamis Oriental. In 1908 he entered the Ateneo de Manila where he finished his secondary cOUrse. He is q U. P. College of Law graduate in 1921; Bachelor of Arts in 1916, Ateneo de Manila; Master of Laws, in 1923, University of Columbia, U. S. A. Mr. Ozamis was employed in the law office of Kincaid & Perkins. In 1929 he was governor of Misamis, and in 1931, candidate for the only district of Misamis Occidental. Elected in 1935, he is now the Assemblyman from Misamis Occidental.

F. Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-Second Judicial District, Cebu.

He is 50 years old. He started his career as Justice of the Peace in the municipality of Iba, Zambales, from 1911 to 1924. On March 4, 1924, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge, and six years 'later, promoted to his present position.

PABLO, GUILLERMO

P ACIS, VICENTE ALBANO

Editor, The Philippines Herald. Son of Cornelio Pacis and Benigna Albano, he was born in Vintar, Ilocos Norte, on August 241 1900. He studied in the Vintar Elementary School and Ilocos Norte High School; obtained A.B. (Journalism) from the University of Illinois, 1924; M.A., University of Wisconsin, in 1925. He is member of the Sigma Delta Chi, Illinois Press Association, Phi Kappa Epsilon, and Gridiron Club.

Mr. Pacis was copyreader of the Milwaukee Journal in 1925; Associated Press correspondent, Washington, D.C. Bureau from 1925 to 1926; Co-founder of the Graphic; 458

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Day City Editor of the Tribune in 1927. He has been Editor of The Philippines Herald since 1929. He is also the Manila correspondent of The Washington Post and The Chicago Tribune and has contributed to American magazines including the Literary Digest, Editor Glnd Publisher.

His philosophy of life is: "There is no substitute for hard work."

PADILLA, JOSE

Governor of Bulacan. The most popular governor of the province of Bulacan is Mr. Padilla who has done great improvements for his province during the past many years.

One of these improvements is the Capitol Building of Bulacan. Because of his unselfish work for the welfare of his province, he -has been elected provincial executive many times. A governor-general of the Islands has dubbed him "the best governor Bulacan province has ever had."

C. Star Agent of Life Insurance Business in the Philippines. Mr. Leonardo C. Padilla has been the holder of the much-coveted international Macaulay ~lub prize in the Islands.

Mr. Padilla was born at Pefiaranda, Nueva Ecija, on January 26, 1897.

He is the son of Benito Padilla and Maxima Talen.

He married Leodegaria Sapao, one of the Islands' social welfare workers and professor in the Union College and holder of LL. B. degree from the National University.

After receiving his education in the elementary school of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, Mr. Padilla continued his high school and college education in the United States of America on his own account, graduating in 1920 as A. B. at the Ohio Wesleyan University, and in 1921 as M. A. at the Columbia University of New York.

PADILLA, LEONARDO

459

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES During the years 1921-24, Mr. Padilla was the sales manager of the Lawsim Zeccha Co. of Batavia, Java, the first Filipino to handle such a responsible post in Java.

In 1923 he returned to the Philippines for a visit.

Since then he has joined the Sun Life Assurance Co., Ltd., of Canada. After one year of service until this time he has been the continuous holder of the unique Macaulay Club medal.

"I should not yet have returned to the Islands," remarked Mr. Padilla with that genial manner of his that attracts attention, commands respect and gets business, "were it not that I got married and my wife wanted me to stay and begin life's business all over again in the Philippines. So realizing my duty to my country and to her, I decided to stay in the Islands ...

"I keep quiet and go about my work. .. On with the job! That is all I do in order to make life worth while ...

Honesty is the main thing in business."

PADILLA, SABINO

Judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila, Sala III. He is 42 years old. He was Assistant Attorney in the Bureau of Justice from 1920 to 1929. On March 1, 1929 he was appointed Auxiliary Judge, and District Judge in 1933 and then Judge of the Court of First Instance of Nueva Ecija. He was transferred in June, 1936, to the Court of First Instance of Manila, Sala III. PAEZ Y NAVAL, JOSE

Corporation Executive and Engineer; President and General Manager of the Manila Railroad Co., Inc. Things do not come out as one wishes. They often turn out quite differently. That is what happens to men.

So they are not content with what has been done, but are 460

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES always looking for fresh fields, always trying to better things.

That is Mr. Jose Paez y Naval, the General Manager of the Manila Railroad Company, who was born on October 7, 1887, at Malabon, Rizal, the son of Lucino Paez and Elena Naval. In 1918 he married Mercedes Garvida, and of their union eight children were born.

In 1905 he received his B. A. degree at the Liceo de Manila. He went to Switzerland later. In 1911 he graduated as a Civil Engineer from the Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule, the Swiss Federal Technical University of Zurich. After graduation he worked for about one year with the Aktiengeselschaft Launchhammer, a bridge company, of Berlin, Germany.

Mr. Paez took his post graduate work at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, obtaining from this institution the degree of Master of Civil Engineering. While there he was elected member of the honorary Society of Sigma Pi. Upon his return to the Islands in the latter part of 1913, he entered the service of the Bureau of Public Works and served as Junior Assistant Engineer in the provinces of Sorsogon and Pampanga, Civil Engineer in the province of Palawan, District Engineer of Ilocos Norte, and Designing Engineer in the Central Office of the Bureau of Public Works. After a rigid but brilliant apprenticeship he was appointed Director of the Bureau of Public Works in 1919.

Mr. Paez resigned in 1924 from the Bureau of Public Works in order to accept an appointment to his present position of General Manager of the Manila Railroad Company. He has been President, 1922-24, of the Board of Directors of said company.

Industrious and thorough in all that he does, Mr. Paez has an exceptional record of excellence.

He was Vice-President and President of the National Coal Company, 1921-23, member and President of the Board 461

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of Directors of the Manila Hotel Company, 1922-26, President, Cor?ell Alumni Association of the Philippines, 191926, member, Board of Directors, Metropolitan Water District, 1919-23, member, Public Utility Commission, 1919-23, member, Board of Directors, Filipino Y. M. C. A., 1925 to date, member, Board of Directors, Cebu Portland Cement Co., 1922, member, Monroe Educational Board, 1925, member, Board of Directors, Cosmos Club, 1924-26, member of Club Filipino, Baguio Country Club, Philippine Institute of Engineers and Architects, Chairman, Committee on Insular Buildings, 1930, member, Tuberculosis Commission, 1931, and member, Board of Directors, Philippine Tourist Association, 1930-31; member, 1936, Government Survey Board.

Facts speak louder than words, and the least said of them the better. Mr. Paez, who is a silent and simple man, is truly an executive builder, an administrative leader in his career, for he has devoted his years to public service.

What did he say in his charming way? "In my mode of thinking in order that one may achieve any thing worth attracting some real attention he must specialize in something and be all there!"

PALANCA, CARLOS

Business Executive. Like so many successful people, Carlos Palanca was at first poor, but a great worker; he was humble, but possessed with a will that recognized no obstacles, no defeat; for to him who thinks and works all is possible under the sun.

Carlos Palanca is now one of the most respected Chinese businessmen, financiers and citizens of the Philippines.

Beginning in an insignificant way, he rose to affluence by his indomitable determination to make a mark in life.

Realizing his deficiencies he studied and worked and thought hard, preparing himself for the rigorous battles 462

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of life, so that when the time came he was able to take opportunity by the forelock and accomplish great things.

He is now the owner of many distilleries and refineries of alcohol and of other paying enterprises; President, Destileria Ayala, Inc., National Products Merchants Corp., Philippine Motor Alcohol Corp.; President and General Manager, La Tondefia, Inc.; Vice-President, Manila Rice Corp. ; member of the board of directors of the China Banking Corporation; Peoples Mortgage and Investment Company and Oriental Club.

The life of Mr. Palanca proves that in order that a young person may succeed in this busy world he must be prepared so that any oppor,tunity may find him ready, able to assume his rightful place in the community not through good luck but through hard work, proper preparation and perseverance.

C. Surgeon and Social PioneeJi. He is President of the Ilocos Sur-Abra Medical Association, a branch of the P. I. Medical Association. Alone and unaided, he was able to establish a hospital in Vigan to house the poor and the sick. He was born on January 8, 1877, in Burgos, Ilocos Norte. While a youngster, he went to the United States and was able to find his way through school. He obtained his B.S. degree from the Drake University in 1914, and his M.D. from the Iowa University in 1916. Returning to the Philippines, his services were engaged by the Board of Foreign Mission to take charge of the Vigan Christian Hospital. Dr. Palencia is also an antique collector and social worker.

PALENCIA, PABLO

P ALILEO, LORENZO

Provincial Treasurer of Cotabato. He is the son of Eleuterio Palileo and Antonia Hocson, and was born in Pagsanjan, Laguna, on August 10, 1890. He attended the 463

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES primary schools of his town and later transferred to the Manila High School, and started to work at the age of eighteen. Through self-improvement and study of good books, he has acquired a liberal education. He is a Certified Public Accountant. He has been in the Mindanao service for twenty years. He has been provincial treasurer of Agusan and Sulu, holding that position in Cotabato, since 1925. He has been in the government service for 26 years. He is one of the men of Governor Carpenter who said to him "The greatest thing in the world, especially in a young country such as the Philippines, is the discovery and development of men." "The best of fruit trees requires pruning to cause it to produce its best fruit."

PALMA, RAFAEL

Statesman, L'awyer and Educator. Dr. Rafael Palma was the President of the state university, the University of the Philippines, the most modern educational institution in the East.

Mr. Palma was born on October 24, 1874, in Manila, the son of Hermogenes Palma and Hilaria Vicente Velasquez.

He studied at the Escuela Municipal de Tondo, attended the Ateneo Municipal, and took up law at the University of Sto. Tomas in 1891.

He worked as a newspaperman with "La Independencia" when the Philippine Revolution broke out. When Gen. A. Luna died, he became the director of the paper.

He was editor also of "EI Nuevo Dia" and "EI Renacimiento."

In 1900 he practiced law and taught at the same time at the Escuela de Derecho de Manila.

In 1908, he was appointed member of the Philippine Com.mission and served as such during the administration of Presidents Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson, until the Philip464

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES pine Senate was organized in 1916, when he was elected Senator for the fourth senatorial district, and in 1917 appointed Secretary of the Department of the Interior by Governor-General Harrison.

In 1923 he was made acting President of the University of the Philippines, and in 1925 he was permanently appointed President of the state university in recognition of his demonstrated capacity and influence on the cultural and educational development of Philippine progress and civilization. He was conferred the LL. D. degree by the University of Manila.

Mr. Palma married Carolina Ocampo in 1901 and of the union are born four children. He is a member of Club Filipino, Philippine Columbian Association, and a Mason, 33rd degree, Scottish Rite.

He is now Chairman of the National Council of Education.

The views, old and new, of President Palma as statesman, writer, educator and executive are clearly expressed in his magnificent book entitled Alma Mater. He is also the author of a collection of stories.

He took a great part in the Philippine Revolution as a volunteer and officer. Why he did so is interestingly told by him. "I was once standing somewhere near the Santo Domingo Gate thinking of the case of our people, some time in 1898. While there meditating, I suddenly found myself. .. And then and there I decided to join the cause of the Filipino people!

"I was with the revolutionary forces, and we proclaimed first the Independence of the Philippines ...

"It is a long story. Came the civil war. My aim has always been to serve our cause. My companions and I, even when the Americans arrived, continued our pacific fight for our independence-through El Renaci;miento, a 465

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES nationalistic paper-to show the American people that our patriotic spirit was still alive ... " His. appointments for public service came to him unexpectedly. But his friends think otherwise, as they say that he deserved each and everyone of theTIl because he was the one man fitted to the different jobs.

And he exclaimed in the end, "Help everybody I" ...

Surely, for in the background, he helped Quezon, Kalaw, Bocobo and many more. "Happiness consists in helping others."

PANGILINAN, BENITO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Rizal. He was born in Apalit, Pampanga, on January 12, 1886.

He attended the public schools in his home town and in Tarlac, Tarlac. He was one of the first insular pensionados to the Philippine Normal School in 1908. He began teaching in 1902 in Apalit, Pampanga; was appointed insular teacher, October 1, 1903, having obtained the highest rating in a competitive test given in Pampanga that year.

He passed the Junior teacher examination in 1904; the Senior teacher examination in 1909; and the Division Superintendent of Schools examination in 1918. He was promoted to principal teacher in 1904, to supervising teacher in 1909, to division academic supervisor in 1917, to acting division superintendent of schools in 1918, and to Division Superintendent of Schools in 1919; in 1935, Laguna, and in 1936, Rizal.

PARAS, RICARDO

Judge, Court of Appeals. The Herald wrote thus: "Judge Ricardo Paras is one of the best judges of the court of first instance judging from the record of cases decided by him and appealed to the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He is among the least publicised. He, never466

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES theless, has the distinction of being among the few in the list of former Justice George A. Malcolm who are deserving of promotion.

"He was born in Boac, Marinduque, on February 17, 1891. He first studied in the public schools in his home town and then in Lucena, Tayabas. Marinduque was at the time a sub-province of Tayabas. He later came to Manila to finish his high school.

"After finishing his secondary education, he enroled in the University of Sto. Tomas and finished law in that institution in 1913. He passed the bar togetlier with former Speaker Manuel Roxas, former Justice J. C. Vickers, Solicitor General Serafin Hilado and others who are also top rankers in the government.

"He then became an assistant attorney in the law firm of Ross and Lawrepce. Later he entered politics and was elected by Marinduque to a seat in the house of representatives. After serving in the house he became for some time counsel for the Manila Railroad Company.

"In 1924 he was appointed judge of the court of first instance of Samar. Later he was shifted to the court of first instance of Ilocos Sur and still later to the court of first instance of Pangasinan, presiding over the first branch of that court."

PAREDES, GERONIMO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Seventeenth Judicial District, Iloilo.

He is 46 years old. Before being appointed to the Judiciary, he has held the following government positions: Justice of the Peace of Albay, Albay; Deputy Fiscal of Iloilo from 1918 to 1920; Provincial Fiscal of Oriental Negros from 1920 to 1925; Provincial Fiscal of Occidental Negros from 1921 to 1925; and Provincial Fiscal of Nueva Ecija from 1925 to 1929. He was first appointed to the 467

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Judiciary on March 2, 1929. He was Auxiliary Judge from 1929 to 1931, and District Judge from 1931 up to the present time.

PAREDES, JESUS

Lawyer and Pedagogue. Mr. Paredes was born in Bangued, Abra, on December 9, 1891, as the son of Lucas Paredes and Alej andra Valera. He obtained the Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ateneo de Manila in 1911, the Bachelor of Laws degree in 1916 and Master of Laws in 1919 from the University of the Philippines. He is Doctor of Civil Laws, meritissimus, University of Santo Tomas.

Mr. Paredes is senior professor of law in the Philippine Law School, National University, since 1920; professor of law, Far Eastern University; partner in the law firm, Lacson and Paredes; and author of law books Notes on Code of Civil Procedure, Annotations on the Roman Law. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from Abra to the Constitutional Convention.

PAREDES, JOSE MA.

Judge-at-Large, Department of Justice.

He was born in Bangued, Abra, on August 15, 1895.

His parents were Lucas Paredes and Alejandra Valera Paredes. He finished the elementary grades in his native town, and then studied in the Vigan High School, and later in the Manila High School. He obtained his Bachelor of Laws from the University of the Philippines in 1918, and a year later was admitted to the bar. Before his elevation to his present position, he was First Assistant Fiscal of the City of Manila.

PAREDES, QUINTIN

Resident Commissioner to Washington, D. C., and Lawyer and Legal Educator. Mr. Quintin Paredes was Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines.

468

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Don Quintin was about fourteen years old when the Americans first came to Abra, and from them he picked up a little English. When the Americans occupied his native town, Bangued, and all fled from the place except his family, an order was sent for little Quintin to come, to the fear of the whole family. When placed before the American officer, he was, to his surprise, made the interpreter!

Bright and precocious, Mr. Paredes had shown early in youth exceptional merits. He was educated at the school of his father. He attended the Colegio Seminario de Vigan and then San Juan de Letran. In Manila he made his way through college by working as stenographer and by acting as court interpreter.

Mr. Paredes also served as deputy provincial treasurer of Abra. However, on coming to Manila one day he met his former classmates who were taking up law, and not wanting to be behind them, he asked what they were doing. As he was told they were taking up law, he resigned from his provincial post and attended the Escuela de Leyes under the direction of his brother Judge Paredes.

After a couple of years he passed the bar in 1906. He became in 1908 fiscal, and in 1916, through his brilliant public services, the first City Fiscal, or Prosecuting Attorney. When there was a reorganization of the city government, the civil and criminal attorneys' work was combined and he was appointed Solicitor General. He subsequently rose to Attorney General and Secretary of Justice.

Retiring from public office, he opened his law firm known as Paredes and Buencamino. It was in 1925 when he became member of the House of Representatives from the province of Abra. In 1929 he served as Acting Speaker and as chairman of the rules committee and in 1934 he became Speaker of the House of Representatives.

469

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In 1935 he was elected assemblyman from Abra, and then appointed Resident Commissioner to Washington, D.C. Mr. Paredes has not attended schools, but he possesses degrees obtained long after he became a lawyer, such as his A.B., and his LL.M. He was professor of law in 1909, and in 1911 Director of the Escuela de Derecho and a professorial lecturer in criminal law at the University of the Philippines.

Everybody perhaps still remembers the case which he handled regarding the Free Press attack on the Philippine National Guard. He won the case and Editor Dick was sentenced to be exiled. For this excellent work he was congratulated by Chief Justice Arellano. Also his opinion on the seizure of the German steamers in Manila Bay during the World War was sought by then GovernorGeneral Harrison; for in questions of international, administrative and constitutional laws he was virtually the adviser of Governor Harrison; and this was all due to painstaking research and deep study.

Mr. Paredes is a member of the Philippine, . American and International Bar Associations, admitted to practice before the Shanghai District Court and the United States Supreme Court, and has served as Colonel, Judge Advocate General's Department, in the Philippine National Guard. He was chief of the technical advisers of the First Philippine Independence Mission to Washington, D. C. Born on September 9, 1884, in Bangued, Abra, Mr. Paredes is the son of Juan Fel'ix Paredes and Regina Babila. He married Victoria Peralta in 1906, and has children prominent in the community.

Mr. Paredes is quiet, observant, and thoughtful, the very figure of efficient activity and erudition. Asked about his personal view of life, he answered in his calm, analytical, genial manner, "If you want to do anything, 470

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES always do it well. Then perhaps luck will come." He has practised this and not only luck has come but also renown-making him what he is today, a Leader, Lawyer and Educator!

B. Division Superintendent of Schools of Agusan. Son of Beverly B. Parham and Alice H. Parham, he was born in Gibson, P. O. La., U.S.A., on January 15,1888. He received his education from Chamberlain Hunt Military Academy, Tulone University, and La Salle Extension University (Accounting). He was appointed as teacher in the Bureau of Education on July 2, 1912. Later on he served as principal of an intermediate school "and supervising teacher in La. Union for 3 years, as a Supervising Teacher in Cebu for 3 years, as a Supervising Teacher and Principal of a high school in Agusan for 4% years, as a high school principal in Misamis Oriental for 2 years. Then he was appointed Division Superintendent of Schools in Surigao for 4% years, and also Division Superintendent in Agusan for 4 years. During the World War he served as a Sergeant in the U. S. Army. Here is his philosophy of life"When you are sure that you are right, stand by your guns."

PARHAM, ARCHER

J. Acting Division Superintendent of Schools of Lanao.

Mr. Passmore was born in Lexington, Arkansas, U. S. A., on November 24~ 1904. He obtained his B.A. degree from the University of Oklahoma in 1926; major subject-English; minor subject-journalism. He taught English for three years in the Roosevelt Junior High School, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A., and came to the Philippines in May, 1929, and held the following positions: Teacher of Secondary English in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, in the Philippine Normal School, Manila, and in the vacation sc~ool at PASSMORE, FRED

471

ENCYCL-oPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Teachers' Camp, Baguio; Assistant Chief, Division of Publications, General Office, Bureau of Education; Supervisor of Secondary English, City Schools, Manila; Acting Superintendent of Schools for the Division of Lanao; Acting Chief, Division of Publications, General Office, Bureau of EClucation.

PATERNO, FELICIANO P.

Cashier, Philippine National Bank, Manila.

It was Mr. Paterno who took charge as attorney-infact of the Philippine National Bank, Shanghai Branch, in February 16, 1921.

Born on February 9, 1888, in the City of Manila, as the son of Jose A. Paterno and Leonor Valenzuela, Ml'.

Paterno was educated at the Ateneo de Manila, where he obtained his A. B. degree in 1905. Later he studied chemistry at the Yale University, 1906-1908.

He stayed a year in Paris and traveled extensively in Europe on two different-occasions. When he returned to Manila he joined commercial firms to gain experience in business. He worked in the Executive Bureau of the Philippine Government, during the regime of Governor Forbes.

In 1917 Mr. Paterno â‚Źinlisted in the Philippine National Guard for world service when Patriotism called for the flower of the land.

On March 24, 1919, Mr. Paterno obtained a small positio~ in the Philippine National Bank, where he worked his way through all departments until he was appointed Cashier-sub-accountant of the Shanghai Branch on October 1, 1919. Due to Mr. Paterno's experience in foreign exchange during his sojourn in Shanghai on January 4, 1924, he was promoted to Manager of the Foreign Department, and later Cashier of the bank.

Mr. Paterno is at present Captain of Infantry, Officers' Reserve Corps, U. S. A. He is a member of the 472

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Casino Espanol, Club Filipino, Tiro al Blanco, Philippine Columbian Association, and Wack Wack Golf and Country Club.

Mr. Paterno married Paz Tuason in Manila, March, 1925. The Paterno family is well known throughout the Islands, and Mr. Paterno belongs to that clan of enterprising merchants.

In an interview of the Free Press with Mr. Paterno, the latter said: "The sucsessful man must possess three requisitesIntegrity, Tact, and Common Sense."

Mr. Paterno acquired most of his banking experience in Shanghai, th~ stepping-stone of big London bankers and American financiers, for Shanghai is the metropolis of the East.

When Mr. Paterno was seen, quietly but busily at work in his department, the three qualities mentioned by him could ~sily be notieed.

"Once I do a thing," he stated, "I always finish it.

I never leave it undone.

"I believe that anybody can get along in life if he has am.bition, the determination to make a mark, to become somebody. Follow your natural inclination, not the crowd's. In all that you do, remember integrity, tact, and common sense." And he certainly gave a world of advice when he uttered those three mighty words, which, combined, are the open sesame to the treasures of a happy life of service.

PAZ, EMILIO DE LA

Assemblyman from Rizal, Journalist, Lawyer. He was born in Marikina, Rizal, on May 19, 1895; holder of the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the second district of Rizal to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

473

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES T. Social Worker and Educator. She is Principal of the Gomez Elementary School; Vice President of the Manila Principals Club; Treasurer of the League of Philippine Public School Teachers Association; Director of the Associated Charities; Director of the National Federation of Parents-Teachers Association; Director of the Manila Teachers Association; and President of the Y.W.C.A. She is one of the most active social welfare workers of the nation. Born in Lingayen, Pangasinan, on November 19, 1896, she studied in the public schools of her province and graduated from the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines. In spite of her teaching work, she finds ample time for her manifold social and business activities. She is the business manager of the Woman's Home Journal,-a woman who 'Yorks for the alleviation of the social ills of suffering humanity.

PECSON, GERONIMA

F. Provincial Governor of Marinduque. The son of Benito Pelaez and Macaria Fernandez, he was born in Santa Cruz, Marinduque, on April 19, 1897. He graduated from the Manila High School in 1918. From 1918 to 1919, he was Municipal Teacher of the Sta. Cruz Elementary School; 1919 to 1921, Municipal Secretary of Sta. Cruz; 1922 to 1925, member of the Provincial Board of Marinduque; 1926 to 1927, Municipal Secretary of Sta. Cruz; 1928 to 1931, Provincial Governor of Marinduque. In 1934, he was again elected Provincial Governor. His philosophy of life is: "Service to God and to my people."

PELAEZ, LEON

L. Manager of the Sugar News Press. Shriner, Elk and Rotarhtn, he comes from Woodville, Kentucky, where he .

PENN, WILLIAM

474

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES was born on September 3, 1882. He was educated in the Bowling Green Business College where he obtained his A.B. and B.S. in Accounting. When Mr. Penn came to the Islands in 1910, he first joined the Bureau of Civil Service until 1920 when he worked with the advertising department of the Pacific Commercial Company, and later in the collection and circulation departments of the Times Press and the Manila Daily Bulletin. He wrote an outline on Philippine history when a high school principal.

PENA, EMILIO

J udge-at-Large, Department of Justice.

He is 44 years old. He was Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice from 1920 to 1934. Then on November 12, 1934, he was appointed Judge-at-Large. He still holds this position up to the present time.

PEREZ, ASUNCION ARRWLA

Social Worker. Executive Secretary of the Associated Charities of the Philippines.

Th~ Manila Times called her "The most efficient manager of the Associated Charities." "The famous author on local social problems as embodied in a lucidly written booklet Love, Courtship and Marriage, a book of ennobling ideas."

The confidante of countless unfortunates, brokenhearted, miserable creatures of God led astray, fallen, but now hopeful, renascent, headed for good-to God. Imbued with the highest ideals of social service., with one aim in life to shed light where there is darkness, to put faith where there is withered hope, to give dejâ‚Źper vi. sion of life where there is a broken home, Mrs. Perez has for fourteen years bee.n the light and life of the Associated Charities.

475

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES There are people born for service. She is one of them, no doubt. Born on August 15, 1893, at Gasan, Marinduque, she was but twelve years old when h~ m.other, Severina Mandac, died, leaving little Asuncion with five children under her care. Thus her dreams vanished; for soon the widowed father, Quiterio Arriola, married again. Precocious and thoughtful, she pursued her studies in her home town at Marinduque, famous for its beautiful scenery. She graduated from the elementary school in 1911, and continued h~ studies at the Manila High School, finishing in 1915. Paying part of her way through college, she enroled in the University of the Philippines, taking preparatory medicine, until ill health prevente4 her from continuing her course. Undaunted she took another course, again at the state university, a.nd obtained her A.B. degree in 1917.

Teaching for \ while in Baguio in order to improve her health, Mrs. Perez soon recovered and then went back to college. But her health failed again. So she had to quit studying for a time. Later she married Mr. Cirilo B. Perez who was then appointed government pensionado to America, with the hope that the climate would improve her health. She attended the Training School at San Francisco, took social work and joined Mr. Perez in Wisconsin so as to finish her post graduate studies in social service again, as it was ever her intention to help suffering people.

For about a year after her return to the Islands, Mrs. Perez taught in an elementary and high school until finding herself not in her proper life work she started her social work in 1922 and joined the Associated Charities where after a year's efficient work she was made the Executive Secretary, which position she still holds now with credit to herself and honor to her country.

476

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES And this is her happinses-the fulfilment of her life's dreams. "One's religion, I believe, should be expressed in terms of service. Has it not been said of old-'By their fruits ye shall know them'? Christianity is love: giving service, joy and happiness to those in sorrow, opening new avenues of life to those down and out, and bringing new hope to those in misery in order to better their conditions and to give them a new lease of life for a greater world to come."

For she has come not to preach charity, but to help suffering men and women and children. To those who are weary and heavy laden she instils faith, hope, and charity; "these three, but the greatest of these is charity."

PEREZ, BALDOMERO

Provincial Treasurer of Cagayan. Born in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, on February 27, 11892, Mr. Perez is the son of Cripriano Perez and Escolastica Banauag. He completed the elementary course in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, in 1905, the secondary in the Cagayan High School in 1909, and first year medicine in the Philippine Medical School in 1909-1910. Due to sickness he was obliged to discontinue his medical studies. Later, however, he took English and Business Forms in the International Correspondence Schools in 1916. He was an insular teacher in the Cagayan High School, 1910-1912; Clerk, office of Provincial Treasurer of Cagayan, 1912-1913; Property Clerk, Provincial Treasury of Cagayan, 1913-1916; Traveling Deputy, Provincial Treasury of Cagayan, 1916-1919; Chief Clerk, now Assistant Provincial Treasurer of Isabela, 1919-1920; Provincial Secretary-Treasurer of Batanes, 1920-1926; Provincial Treasurer and Provincial Assessor Ex-Officio of Mindoro, 1926-1927; Provincial Treasurer and Provincial Assessor Ex-Officio and Agent, Philippine National 477

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Bank of Surigao, 1927-1930; and Provincial Treasurer and Provincial Assessor Ex-Officio and Agent, Philippine National Bank of Ilocos Norte, 1930-1933. He is at present the Provincial Treasurer and Provincial Assessor Ex-Officio and Agent of the Philippine National Bank of Cagayan. His philosophy of life is: "Respect the opinion of others."

B. Chief Librarian, Scientific Library, Bureau of Science.

Born on July 8, 1893, in Sta. Maria, Bulacan, he started schooling in 1904 and graduated from the interfnediate and high school of Malolos, Bulacan. Later, he secured employment in the library of the Bureau of Science in 1912.

After five years he became Assistant to the Chief Librarian and was sent to the United States as a pensionado and returned to the Philippines in 1920, designated as assistant chief of the Bureau of Science Library. When the Chief Librarian unexpectedly died in 1924, Mr. Perez was appointed Chief Librarian. During his stay in the United States, he studied Library Science in the University of Wisconsin. He married Asuncion Arriola, now Mrs. Asuncion A. Perez, Executive Secretary of the Associated Charities. In 1928, Mr. Perez observed the administration of scientific libraries in America and also represented the Philippine Library Association of which he was one of the founders in 1923 in the Convention of the American Library Association held at West Baden, Indiana. He is responsible for the celebration of the First National Book Week in the Philippines. In 1934 he was re-elected General Chairman of the National Book Week and Librarians' Convention for 1935. The Scientific Library of which Mr. Perez is head librarian, has been called "the best scientific collection in the Orient."

PEREZ, CIRILO

478

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES PEREZ, EUGENIO

Assemblyman from the Second District of Pangasinan and Lawyer. He was born in Obong, San Carlos, Pangasinan. Educated in the public schools of the government, and in the University of the Philippines where he received the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws, he was teacher in the public schools; clerk in the Bureau of Agriculture; clerk in the Executive Bureau; Councilor of the municipality of San Carlos, Pangasinan. In 1928 he was candidate for the second district of his province and was elected representative. In 1931, he was re-elected to the Legislature. Again in 1935 he came out triumphantly as one of the Assemblymen from Pangasinan to the first N ational Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

PEREZ, FEDERICO

Corporation Executive; General Administrator, Compania General de Tabacos de Filipinas. Don Federico is one of the business leaders of the Islands, one of the guiding hands in managing the biggest Spanish commercial firm in the Philippines. Mr. Perez has been educated in Spain and here. As a social worker, he is president of the Hospi~al Espanol de Santiago. His other activities as a corporation executive are: Vice-President of the Central Azucarera de Bais; director, Central Azucarera de Tarlac; and President, Camara de Comercio Espanola.

PEREZ, FILEMON

Agriculturist and Political Leader. When he was the executive of Tayabas, one of the most flourishing and progressiv~ provinces of the Islands, he was called by Governor-General Wood a "model governor."

Like Roosevelt, he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, for his father, Simeon Perez, was called "the coco479

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES nut king of the Philippines." He saw light in Lucena, Tayabas, March 21, 1883.

Although the scion of a wealthy family, Mr. Perez started in real life, as it were, with hard struggle and hard work, for he is a man of action, one who wants to start from the bottom and live like a common man.

After l~ving the Ateneo de Manila with an A. B. degree, Mr. Perez went to the United States and took up law at the National University, Washington, D.C. where he graduated with the LL.B. and LL.M. degrees After returning to the Islands and showing the stuff he was made of, Mr. Perez was, at the age of 24, elected a member of the provincial board of his province, serving in that capacity for many years. Then he was elected as representative to the lower house of the Philippine Legislature.

The year 1919 revealed, however, the executive ability and rare leadership of Mr. Perez when he was chosen governor of his province, Tayabas. SOmle of the biggest projeots done during his brilliant and unparalleled administration w~re the beautification of Lucena and the building of goo a roads, schools and other public improvements; all done with such economy and efficiency that his people and his province had nothing for him but praise, esteem and respect. On account of his exceptional record, he was soon recognized as a real executive, and so he was appointed by then Governor-General Stimson to the important position of Secretary of Commerce and Communications in recognition of his invaluable service: as member of the provincial board, as representative in the Legislature and as governor of Tayabas.

Mr. Perez was a member of the First Independence Mission to the United States and of the National Supreme Council.

480

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES During his administration, Mr. Perez has bared much corruption in his department and introduced many improvements. ThEU"e were times when even his life was threatened because he did the right thing in the right way.

What do his many friends and admirers say of him?

"He is for a clean life of service-privat~ly and publicly.

He is a real man-having faith in God and in himself, and in the happy future of his country."

S. Chief, Vocational Division, Bureau of Education.

Born in Idaho, Florida, on February 8, 1885, Dr. Perez was educated in Bucknell University, B.S., 1907, and Ph.D., 1933. He was Industrial Supervisor of Bohol from 1911 to 1917 and then Division Superintendent of Tayabas, from 1917 to 1926. Later on, he became Chief of the Industrial Division in Manila from 1926 to 1928, and Superintendent of Vocational Education in the Bureau of Education, Manila, from 1927 up to the present time. Dr. Perez is member of the Royal Belgian Numismatique Society, American Numismatic Association; Vice-President of the Philippine Numismatic Association, and associate member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. Also member of Balagtasiana, Fellow of the American Philosophical Society, Dr. Perez is a well-known educator as well as writer.

PEREZ, GILBERT

PEREZ, JESUS G.

Lawyer and Agriculturist. Born in Kabankalan, Occidental N egros, and the son of Isidro Perez and Filomena Guanzon, Dr. Perez stUdied in the Kabankalan primary and intermediate schools, the Bacolod High School, the Philippine Law School, National University, and in the George Washington University in the United States, possessor of the degrees of Bachelor of Laws, Master of Laws, and Doc481

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES tor of Juridical Science. He was member of the provincial board of Occidental N egros in 1928-1931. He was elected to the Constitutional Convention as Delegate from the third district of Occidental N egros in 1934.

S. Provincial Governor of Romblon. Born in San Fernando, Romblon, on January 4, 1884, and the son of Leon Perez and Isabel Rodriguez, Mr. Perez is a graduate from the University of Experience. He was once a bugler in the Philippine Revolutionary Army, then a Constabulary soldier, an Assistant Sanitary Inspector, and afterwards a Deputy Provincial Assessor, Justice of the Peace, Provincial Teacher for the non-Christian t ribes, Municipal Vice-President, Municipal President, and third Member of the Provincial Board. At present he is the Provincial Governor of Romblon, and member of the Board of Directors of the League of Provincial Governors of the Philippines. Truly a product of the university of hard knocks, Governor Perez says HAll work is honorable. Fight and win."

PEREZ, JOSE

PEREZ, MATIAS P.

Educator; Businessman, and Farmer. Mr. Perez was born in Dupax, Nueva Vizcaya, on SeptembEU" 25, 1895.

Regarding his education, he went to America via Asia, Africa and Europe in 1907; entered the Haverling High School, 1908-09; took the engineering course at the Genesee Wesleyan, 1909-13, and obtained his Bachelor of Science degree at the Wesleyan University, 1913-17. He took and passed the Civil Service examination for Superintendent, 1915, and joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, 1917. In 1918 he traveled in the United States and returnea to the Philippines via Hawaii and Guam.

Mr. Perez was instructor at the Cagayan High School, 1918-19, and because of his efficient record he became su482

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES pervising teacher for Iguig, Amulung and Baggao, Division of Cagayan, 1919-20; principal of the Zambales High School, 1920, and Assistant Superintendent of City Schools, Manila, 1920-22, the first Filipino to occupy that exalted educational position.

He entered business in 1922, leaving the government service in order to accept the position of Philippine Repre,. sentative of the World Book Company. From 1924 to 1934 he has been the Oriental Manager of this big American texbook company. He has been also president and man, agel' of the Philippine Book Company, Inc., since 1926.

Mr. Perez is a man who studies and leads. Not long ago he enrolled in the College of Law, University of Santo Tomas, obtained his LL.B. degree in 1932, and passed the bar later.

Co-author of The Philippine Picture Word Book, The English Primer an(.i The First English Reader,. founder and first president of the Manila Teachers Association; member of the Philippine Educational Association, The National Teachers' Federation, The Philippine Columbian Association, La Camara de Comercio de las Islas Filipinas; vice-president, Norluzonia, Inc., and president, Cagayan de Luzon Association.

He is happy in business and in farming. In fact, he did well his part as an educator. For the way he thinks of life is this, "The successful man plows his furrow to the end."

PERFECTO, GREGORIO

Assemblyman from the North District of Manila, and LawYer. Born in Mandurriao, Iloilo, on November 28,1891, he was educated in the schools of Ligao, Albay; Colegio de San Beda; Bachelor of Arts of the College of San Juan de Letran; Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras, and LL.B., University of Santo Tomas. He was elected General Secretary of the Partido Democrata and represented Manila in the 483

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES National Convention. On February 2, 1932, he was elected General Provisional President of the Partido Democrata.

He presided the Coalition with the then Senator Osmefia.

In July, 1934, Mr. Perfecto was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention for the first district of Manila. He was elected Representative for Manila in 1922 and reelected in 1925. On September 17, 1935, he was again elected Assemblyman for Manila to the National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Assemblyman Perfecto has been a paralytic but through force of will regained his health and is now a strong leader of men again.

A. Consul for Siam, and Attorney-at-Law. He was born in Bangkok, Siam, on May 6, 1887. He graduated in law from the St. Lawrence UniVersity of New York in 1908 and was admitted to the bar of New York and the Federal Courts the same year. In 1908 he came to the Philippines. He was in the service of the government from 1908 to 1912 as prosecuting attorney and as attorney for the Bureau of Lands, and began private practice in 1912. He is member of the well known firm, De Witt, Perkins, and Ponce Enrile. A clubman and a Rotarian, Mr. Perkins is also consul for Siam in the Philippine Islands.

PERKINS, EUGENE

PIANI, WILLIAM

Apostolic Delegate of the Roman Catholic Church to the Philippines. Doctor of Divinity.

Born on September 16, 1875, at Martinengo, Bergamo, Italy, he graduated in 1894 from the Universita Gregoriana of Rome. On May 15, 1898, he was ordained priest at Montevideo, Uruguay; 1900, appointed Rector of the Seminary of the Salesian Fathers of St. John Bosco in Montevideo, Uruguay; 1912, provincial of the Salesian Fathers 484

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES in Mexico Republic; December 16, 1921, named titular Bishop of Paleopolis and Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Pueblo de los Angeles in Mexico; March, 1922, Titular Archbishop of Drama and Apostolic Delegate to the Philippine Islands. On May 15, 1922, his Excellency Most Rev. W. Piani, D.D., was consecrated Bishop in Rome.

PIATT, COLUMBUS EDMOND

Ex-Chief of Police, City of Manila. A man who has risen from the rank and file is the retired Chief of Police of the City of Manila-Captain Columbus E. Piatt, an indomitable worker and a consci~ntious leader.

Such an exceptional record can best be described by what he himself said regarding his former position, in a very em.phatic way. "Service to every law-abiding citizen of the ci ty of Manila."

Captain Piatt was born on January 17, 1880, in New Market, Tennessee, U. S. A., son of William Jasper and Sarah Ann (Williams) Piatt. In 1922 he married Dixie Ann Tinsley. He is member of the Corregidor Lodge, No.3, F. & A. M.; also member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, United Spanish War Veterans and Wack Wack Golf & Country Club.

Chief Piatt came to the Philippines on January 1, 1900, with the 43rd U. S. Volunteer Infantry, for he had enlisted for the War service with the 4th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry. In 1901, when released from military service, Capt. Piatt worked with the civil government. He has been with the Manila Police Department for more than thirty years.

Possessed with a brilliant record for â‚Źifficiency as captain and head of the traffic department, Captain Piatt certainly deserved his appointment as Chief of the Manila Police Department on January 20, 1930, by the then Governor-General Dwight F. Davis.

485

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Captain Piatt received his education in the public schools of his state, Tennessee; but his real education was the one given by himself; his degree is the very high esteem of love and respect the men under him cherish for "Our Captain," and in testimony of it, one of his boys has affectionately dedicated to him the book, "Police Duty."

A man of reputation, a man who knows his duty, a real man with the backbone of character-that is Capt.

Piatt, "Our large-hearted Captain."

PICA, RAMON VALDES

Assistant Secretary of the San Miguel Brewery. He is also Treasurer of the Manila Symphony Society and member of the Board of Directors of the Asociacion Musical de Filipina's and member of the Casino Espanol. He was born in Manila on July 22, 1895. While in Europe, he attended La Salle College, Barcelona ; Liceo Poliglota, Barcelona; Academia Politecnica, Barcelona. He also studied at the St. Joseph's College in Hongkong, and at the San Juan de Letran in Manila. From 1914 to 1926, he was with the Germinal Cigar and Cigarette Factory, and afterwards manager of the Hacienda de Maluno in Ilagan, Isabela. He is an active business executive.

C. Ilocano Poet and Writer. Mr. Pichay was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on June 27, 1903. He learned his first letters at home and later studied in the Seminario de Vigan, where the martyr priest, Jose A. Burgos, also stu~ied.

'When his family moved to San Fernando, La Union, he enrolled in the La Union High School where he graduated.

Later, he went to Manila to continue his studies, but was forced to stop because of lack of pecuniary means. Mr. Pichay is a member of the Academia Ilocana, founded by PICHAY, LEON

486

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the late Ignacio Villamor and Secretary of the Romanceros Nacionales founded by former representative Zoilo Hilario.

A versatile writer, some of his productions are: Puso Ti Ina (Mother's Heart), Pannakadingpil ni Dr. J. A. Burgos (The Execution of Dr. Burgos), Dallang Ti Amianan (The Muse of the North), Sarming Ti Biag (Mirror of Life), Ladingit, (Sorrow), Ti Baguio (The Tempest). Some of his thoughts are "A Life that is not dedicated to the realization of an ideal is not worth living. Never love to live unless you live to love."

T. Businessman, Manager of the Johnson-Pickett Company. He was born on February 23, 1868, in Lowville, Ontario, Canada, and was educated in the University of South Dakota. Coming to the Philippines as corporal in the South Dakota Company E>, on August 22, 1898, he has, like other old timers, decided to stay in the Philippines for good. So he engaged immediately in the harness and rope business and succeeded. He is a Mason, one who loves and and serves his Master and Humanity.

PICKETT, JOHN

PIEDAD, FEDERICO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Leyte. He was born in Piddig, Ilocos Norte, on December 4, 1891. Mr. Piedad is the second Filipino Superintendent to be assigned in Leyte, the first being Mr. Cecilio Putong. He graduated from the Manila High School, now Araullo High School, in 1912, and enrolled later in the University of the Philippines where he obtained his A.B. degree. In July, 1915, he was assigned to the Ilocos Norte High School and two years later appointed as supervising teacher for the district of Laoag, Ilocos Norte. He resigned from the Bureau of Education in 1918 to become a first lieutenant in 487

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the Philippine National Guard. He resumed his work with the Bureau of Education in 1920 as supervising teacher, and then left for the United States to pursue higher studies.

In the United States, he worked his way through college, obtaining the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Education and Master of Science in Education from the University of Kansas, majoring in Educational Administration. He returned to the Islands in 1924 and was assigned as instructor in the Philippine Normal School. He was transferred in 1928 to the Bayambang Normal School. The year 1931 found him as Acting Division Superintendent of Schools for Marinduque. In 1935, he passed the Superintendent Examination and was assigned to Leyte in April, 1935. Mr. Piedad says that the secret of his success is due to "patience and continuous growth in the profession." He wrote the Availability of Public School Education in Marinduque and Stud~ of the Correlation between the subtastes of the Terman. Group Test of Intelligence and Teachers' Grades in the Lawrence City High School. He is a life member of the National Education Association and also member and past master of Angalo Masonic Lodge.

PIMENTEL, NARCISO

Secretary of the National Assembly. Mr. Pimentel was born in Daet, Camarines Norte, on August 24, 1887.

He studied in his home province and later in the Ateneo de Manila. He was clerk in the Philippine Assembly in 1908, then stenographer, debate stenographer, assistant chief of the division of debate stenographers, chief of the division of projects and archives, record clerk, and acting secretary, and lastly Secretary of the House of Representatives. He was also president of the Asociacion de Ahorros y Prestamos de ' la Camara de Representantes. In 1934, he was elected secretary to the Constitutional Convention.

488

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Because of his efficient work, Mr. Pimentel was made Secretary of the Nationaly Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

Pm,

MIGUEL

P.

Lawyer, Businessman and Educator. He was born in Cabuluan, Ballesteros, Cagayan, on May 7, 1902, the son of Juan Pio and Monica Palolan. He attended the Ballesteros Primary School, Aparri Elementary and Vigan High schools; received the degree of Associate in Commercial Science from the Jose Rizal College in 1920; and graduated as Bachelor of Laws from the Philippine Law School of the National University in 1926. He was member of the provincial board of Cagayan; acting provincial governor for several times; founder and president of the Northern Cagayan Academy; organizer and president of the Cagayan Industrial Co., Inc.,) former attorney for La Granja, Inc., wine manufacturers, In 1934, he was Delegate from the second district of Cagayan to the Constitutional Convention.

PLATON, SERVILLANO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Sixth Judicial District, Nueva Ecija. He is 59 years old. He was Provincial Fiscal in the province of Iloilo from 1919 to 1921.

On December 21, 1921, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge.

In 1926 he became District Judge . . POBLADOR, FILEMON

Writer and Researcher. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, on March 8, 1893, and the son of Florentino Poblador and Josefa Barilea, he spent his childhood in Cadiz, Occidental Negros, where he received his elementary education.

He was appointed public school teacher in his town at the age of 15 and served the Bureau of Education for 489

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES seven years, and was one time pensionado in the Philippine Normal School where he made excellent showing.

Mr. Poblador received his higher education in the University of the Philippines where he paid special attention to the study of the English language. He was appointed Assistant Instructor in English after his freshman year and founded the Philippine Journal of Education, becoming its first editor. ' He has had extensive experience in teaching in private institutions of learning, having taught in the National Academy, Far Eastern College, University of Sto. Tomas, Letran College, San Beda College, and others.

F. Poblador is a tireless researcher, specially in polite literature and 'cor rect usage and has produced several books as a. result of his ~tudies, among them A Course in English Idioms, The Conversationalist, A Philippine Grammar of the English LangUl1Jge, Good En glish and Bad, The EngUsh of the Masters, Useful Literary Phrases, and a dramatization of the Noli Me Tangere of Rizal. Some of these books have run as many as ten editions.

At present Mr. Poblador is connected with the AntiUsury Board, chief of the Division of Educational and Remedial Propaganda.

POLICARPIo-MENDEZ, PAZ

Writer and Editor, The Woman's World. She was born on September 8, 1903, in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. Her early school training was acquired from the public schools in her home town, graduating as valedictorian from the provincial high school of Nueva Ecija in 1921. She graduated, with highest honors, from the University of the Philippines in 1924. She obtained her M.A. also from this University in 1925. She was assistant professor of English in the University. Mrs. Mendez is a member of the 490

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Philippine Association of University Women and of the Catholic Women's League. One of the outstanding Filipino woman writers of today and editor of the well-known literary feminine magazine, The Woman's World, she is the wife of the former Editor-in-Chief of the D-M-H-M Publications, at present Press Officer at Malacanang, Mr. Mauro Mendez.

E. Superintendent on Special Detail, Bureau of Education. The daughter of John Hackley Polley and Amanda E. Polley, she was born in Ft. Atkinson, Wisconsin, on March 1, 1871. Miss Polley is graduate of Iowa State Teachers College. She took post graduate work in the universities of Utah. Stanford, and Chicago. She has served the Bureau of Education for thirty-four years as classroom teacher, supervising teacher, critic teacher in the Philippine Normal School, and instructor and registrar in the Philippine Normal School. Due to her efficient work, she was appointed Superintendent on Special Detail (Normal Schools) in the general office of the Bureau of Education.

Miss Polley, the author of some textbooks, said, "One is happiest when he has something worthwhile to think about and to do."

POND, HORACE B. Business Leader. President of the greatest business house in the Philippines, the Pacific Commercial Co., Inc. Mr. Horace B. Pond is also a Regent of the University of the Philippines.

Mr. Pond, born in Waltham, Massachusetts, U. S. A., on July 21, 1882, was among the first adventurous Americans who wEmt to the Islands. He began as a stenographer in the Bureau of Customs. He joined afterwards a commercial firm which became the well known P. C. C. The import manager in 1919, when Mr. J. M. Switzer retired, POLLEY, MARY

491

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES he was appointed as vice-president and general manager, and about three years later he was elected president.

There is not a town in the Islands which does not use or know the PCC products. Some of the subsidiaries of the Pacific Commercial Co., Inc., are the American Hardware & Plumbing Co., International Cold Stores, Farola Bodegas, and other department stores that handle the famous cars of the General Motors Corporation, the biggest automobile manufacturers in the world.

Mr. Pond is one of the founders of the American Chamber of Commerce, director of many charitable insti~ tutions, and member of the Rotary Club.

A power and a leader in the economic affairs of the country, Mr. Pond's utterances are regarded as significant, authoritative, for they bear not only deep study but also the stamp of seriousness, which furnishes the public with some food for thought.

POSADAS, JUAN

Mayor of the City of Manila and Agriculturist. He was the former Collector of Internal Revenue, the backbone of the nation's finance.

Mr. Posadas was born on Decembelf 10, 1884, in San Narciso, province of Zambales. He attended the Ateneo de Manila for some time, and when the revolution broke out he returned to his town where he came in contact with Americans and picked up his English.

Mayor Posadas has begun more than thirty years ago to serve the government with a salary of P40 a month.

And now all se.ems like a dream, considering his success and his service.

After showing his ability, he was appointed deputy provincial treasurer of Zambales, and after five years he transferred to the Bureau of Audits, and after a year's work, he was made acting provincial treasurer of Antique.

492

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES In 1910 he was designated chief clerk and deputy provincial treasurer of Cagayan province. In 1911 he was appointed chief clerk and deputy provincial treasurer of Laguna province, where he, organized the first agricultural association for the good of the farmers.

From 1914 to 1916 he was provincial treasurer of Oriental Negros. In Davao, in 1917, he worked as provincial secretary and treasurer and after a year he was promoted to assistant department treasurer of Mindanao and Sulu and designated acting department governor, during the absence of Messrs. Guingona and Carpenter.

When Deputy Collector Wenceslao Trinidad was made Collector of Internal Revenue in 1920, a man of proven ability was needed to take the former's place, and naturally Mr. Posadas was chosen for the post. So upon the resignation of Coilector Trinidad, Mr. Posadas was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue which office he held from 1924 until he became Mayor of Manila.

Mr. Posadas was ex-officio chairman of the Tobacco Board, member of the Rural Bank Commission appointed

by Governor Davis, and director of the Philippine AntiLeprosy Society. He is also member of the Club Filipino and the Philippine Columbian Association, and director of the, P. I. Anti-Tuberculosis Society and the Manila Rotary Club.

Mr. Posadas is deeply interested in agriculture; he has extensive lands in Mindanao, Zambales and Rizal.

In 1905 Mr. Posadas married Rosario Garcia del Fierro.

Seen at his office, Mr. Posadas possesses the appearance of one who knows his business, a tried worker and proven executive. In his ways he is very democratic, yet inspiring respect; simple yet grand. But what has made a clerk of P40.00 rise to the height of his ambition?

Simply this: "To give my best in every endeavor."

493

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES POTENCIANO, CONRADO

Doctor of Medicine. Born in Bifian, Laguna, on November 23, 1888, he obtained his A. B. degree from the San Juan de Letran College and his M.D. from the Sto. Tomas University. Dr. Potenciano, who is a specialist in tuberculosis, is a member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. He has written several articles in Spanish on local pharmaceutical subjects.

PRIETO, GABRIEL P.

Provincial Governor of Camarines Sur. The son of Tomas Prieto, one of the 1896 Bicol martyrs, and Filomena Pasion, he was born in Naga, Camarines Sur, on November 13, 1893. He obtained his A.B. degree from the Paules fathers' Seminary-College of Naga in 1912 and his LL.B. degree from the University of Sto. Tomas in 1917. He passed the bar exa~inations in the same year, 1917. Governor Prieto practised his profession as attorney-at-law in Naga, Camarines Sur, from 1917 up to April of 1936 when he was appointed Provincial Governor of Camarines Sur by the President of the Philippines, after the resignation of Governor Julian Ocampo. He was councilor of the capital of the province without interruption from 1910 to April, 1936. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the first district of Camarines Sur to the Constitutional Convention. His philosophy of life is the following: "Study, work, and honesty are the important factors which make us succeed in any undertaking."

PURISIMA, CEFERINO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Cagayan. Mr. Purisima is one of the few Harvard graduates who are now in the service of the Bureau of Education. He was born in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, on August 26, 1894.

494

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES A few years after he obtained his A.B. degree from the University of the Philippines, he went to the United States. There he enrolled in the Ohio State University where he received his B.S.E. in 1921. At Harvard University he took post-graduate work on Education obtaining therefrom his M.A. in 1922.

In 1926, he was appointed division superintendent of Schools for Romblon. He was transferred to Masbate in 1930, to Bataan in 1932, and to Cagayan in 1934.

PUTONG, CECILIO

Chief, Curriculum Department, Bureau of Education.

The son of Apolinario Putong and Gregoria Kapirig, Mr. Putong was born on February 1, 1891, in Tagbilaran, BohoI. He was educated in the Philippine Normal School, 1908-1912; in the Western Illinois State Teachers College, 1918-1920, B.S.E.; and in the Columbia University, 19201921, M.A. Later on he took graduate studies in the University of Chicago, University of Minnesota, and Cornell University from 1927 to 1929. He has been classroom teacher, intermediate school principal, academic supervisor, high school principal and division superintendent of schools.

Because of his efficient work he was designated Chief of the Curriculum Department of the Bureau of Education.

His life's philosophy is expressed by him thus-"Keep growing; contentment leads to stagnation."

Of Mr. Putong's life and achievement, the Philippine Forum wrote: "Mr. Putong writes authoritatively and he is eminently sound in his view of education 'to enable the individual to live a high-grade, abundant life in a society which is growing in complexity' and in his contention that the curriculum must be enriched if the school system for which it is intended is 'to educate for citizenship in a modern democracy.'''

495

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES PUYAT, GONZALO

Business Leader. President and General Manager of Gonzafo Puyat and Sons, Inc. Mr. Gonzalo Puyat was in 1932 President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands, the highest post to which a local merchant could aspire.

Born of poor parents, Mr. Puyat is a native of Guagua, Pampanga. He saw the light of day on Septem.ber 20,1878.

He is a truly self-made man, for what education he has acquired he has all giv~n to himself by hard work, much patience, and countless sacrifices. He began to study at his home town. When he went to Manila to continue his studies the Revolution broke out. So he had to make his own living.

In the year 1906 young Gonzalo found himself as an employee in a billiard hall with P18.00 monthly salary.

Saving is a trait in his life.

From laborer to proprietor, or, to be more exact, from a billiard hall boy to furniture king-such is th~ brilliant achievement of Mr. Puyat, whose store is famous for its' furniture, especially the Puyat Bowling Alleys used and seen all over the Philippines.

The lif~ of Mr: Puyat is an example of scientific thrift.

Through thrift he was able to buy the billiard hall of his Spanish employer. With his savings he invested in a shop little by little until, through countless sacrifices, even working 18 hours a day, he grew. Then, unaided and alone, through a well-regulated life and program of good investment and much economy, he was able to become the furniture king that he is today.

It began in this way: He put up a small repair shop for billiards. He worked all alone, for he had nothing with which to pay laborers. The business prospered. Now he manufactures barber chairs and billiard tables, bowl496

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ing alleys and dentist chairs. Not a month passes by without seeing a furniture shipping to his customers all over the islands and also abroad'.

"One should know both the theory and practice of any business in order to succeed. Engage in a line you like, and other things being equal, you will, with intelligence, tact, industry and thrift, realize sooner or later the goal of your ambition," counsels Mr. Puyat.

Quiet, observing and the soul of courtesy 路 and honor, Mr. Puyat enjoys the respect not only of his employees but also of his friends and the community.

Twenty-three years ago he was very poor. The year 1929, however, saw him traveling around the world.

Twerity-three years ago he was nobody, now he is the furniture king, the ex-President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, and a leader in Philippine business.

L. President, Commonwealth of the Philippines; Statesman, Lawyer and Leader.

First in the hearts of his countrymen, Manuel L. Quezon, former President of the Philippine Senate and the first President of the Philippines, is indisputably the premier leader of the Filipino people.

No man in the Islands today bears such a distinguished name as President Quezon, recognized here and abroad as a leader, a patriot, a man among men of the world.

Let the reader know how he began his unique career of service and leadership. Son of Lucio Quezon and Maria Dolores Molina, he was born on August 19, 1878, in the small town of Baler, in the coconut province of Tayabas, washed constantly by the waves of the blue Pacific. He attended the primary schools of Tayabas and continued his studies at the San Juan de Letran College where he was awarded his Bachelor of Arts degree. Pursuing his studies QUEZON, MANUEL

497

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES further, he entered the University of Santo Tomas where he obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree. He was admitted to the Philippine bar in April, 1903. The University of Santo Tomas and the University of the Philippines conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa.

He was provincial fiscal of Mindoro and Tayabas, and Governor of Tayabas province from 1906 to 1907, and was later elected deputy to the first Philippine Assembly in 1907. As a majority floor leader in the Assembly from 1907 to 1908, he began to find his place for the greatest service he could render to the Islands.

As Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States, where he did brilliant work for his country and his people, his accomplishments are memorable, historical, incomparable.

After his work at Washington, D.C., as spokesman of his country, he was elected Senator from the fifth senatorial district, and then unanimously chosen to the highest elective office the Philippines could give him-the first presidency of the Senate of the Philippine Islands.

Romance always seeks out great men. President Quezon found it in the charming person of his beautiful cousin, Aurora Aragon. They married in Hongkong and they now have four children.

The dominating ideal of his life, since early childhood, has always been to serve the public.

He has been the head of many independence missions to the United States Congress, working unceasingly and unselfishly for the immediate, complete and absolute independence of the Philippine Islands. III health has forced him to stay in colder climates and has aged him prematurely; but his fighting, serving, loving heart is still thereluminous in his eyes, vibrant in his voice, and evident in his dynamic personality. .

498

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Many a foreigner has called President Quezon a genius.

"Put him anywhere and in any position, still he will make good in any thing because he is great and because he knows.

It is in him-the genius born in the tropics."

What better conception of the leader of the Philippines could be had than by studying his utterances and by reading his writings?

"I place the interests of my party above those of myself, and I place the interests of my country above those of my party."

And he did it, for his position of leadership has continued unchallenged, it even has been strengthened by his last work on the independence question-the TydingsMcDuffie Law. Broken in health and all alone, everybody thought he was down and Otilt. The man was really down but his spirit was ,never out because with his indomitable courage he carried on and at last succeeded. N ow that great state document has certainly placed him on a level with men like Stalin, Kemal Pasha, and Mussolini.

"Whenever I want to say something I say it frankly and without reserve," once the President said philosophically. "I am what I am . . . I cannot feel one thing and say another. My words are but the vehicle of my thoughts and sentiments . . . No. . . . I do not give smiles of hypocrisy . . . " That is why an editor of a foreign magazine has dubbed him "The ablest Statesman of the East."

Governor Pasquier of French Indo-China paid him on his recent visit to the Philippines this singular tribute"The most cultured Filipino."

Carlos Quirino, a biographer of Quezon, called him another "Man of Destiny," on account of his policy of "more government and less politics."

Another biographer of his wrote--"Then on September 17, 1935, the Filipino people bestowed upon him their greatest gift in electing him first President of the Philip499

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES pines. From the obscurity of humble circumstances which attended his birth on August 19, 1878, he had risen, in 57 years, to a preeminence immortal in the hearts of his countrymen."

When the future Philippine History is written, this much can be inscribed without any fear of its being altered: "Manuel L. Quezon, Leader of the Filipino People."

QUIMPO, ROMUALDO路 C.

Assemblyman from Davao and Attorney-at-Law. He was born in N aguilian, Isabela, on February 6, 1899. A graduate in stenography of the School of Commerce in 1920, he was also Associate in Business Administration of the Manila University in 1925. He was conferred in 1926 the degree of Bachelor of Laws by the Manila University.

From 1929 to 1934, Assemblyman Quimpo was Justice of the Peace of the municipal districts of Malita, SamaI, Caburan, and Batulaki. Mr. Quimpo was member of the Davao Provincial Board, and in 1935, elected member of the National Assembly of the Philippine Commonwealth.

QUIRINO, DEMETRIO

Businessman. Mr. Quirino, the son of Matias Quirino and Pelagia Nolasco, was born in Caoayan, Ilocos Sur, on June 21, 1899. He graduated from the Vigan High School.

Living in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, since his graduation from the high school, he has become through labor and industry a leading businessman in that place. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from Nueva Vizcaya to the Constitutional Convention.

QUIRINO, ELPIDIO

Secretary of the Interior, Lawyer, and Former Secretary of Finance. Born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on November 16, 1890, he is son of Mariano Quirino and Gregoria Rivera 500

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES de Mendoza. He attended the Vigan public schools and later the University of the Philippines from where he obtained his LL.B. degree. When he passed the bar in 1915, he became clerk in the Commission, and then in the Senate. Through his persevering industry he was made secretary to the Senate President from 1917 to 1919. He entered politics and was elected in 1919 Representative from the first district of Ilocos Sur. Since 1923 he has been in the Senate, becoming Secretary of Finance in 1934.

In 1936 he was appointed Secretary of the Interior, after the establishment of the Commonwealth. Before becoming Secretary of Finance, he was majority floorleader of the Senate; one of the leading delegates to the Constitutional Convention; member of the Economic Mission which accompanied Presitlent Quezon in securing the enactment of the Tydings-McDuffie Independence law.

Mr. Quirino wa regent of the University of the Philippines; Chairman, Board of Trustees, Philippine Charity Sweepstakes; President of the Philippine Economic Association; Chairman of the Special Tariff Committee appointed in 1934. The Free Press called him the "Man of 1934."

QUIROLGIOO, ALEJANDRO

Governor of Ilocos Sur. Born on February 27, 1879, in Pandan, Caoayan, Ilocos Sur, and the son of Simeon Quirolgico and Eulalia Gascon, Governor Quirolgico became the chief executive of his own province for three consecutive terms, beginning October 16, 1928, up to the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

Many years ago, in 1899, to be exact, Quirolgico, then a mere lad of 20, fought in the Philippine-American war in the hope of wresting the freedom of his country from the clutches of a foreign power. In the sanguinary battle 501

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of Maiigatarem, Pangasinan, where his company met with far superior forces, Captain Quirolgico, then field adjutant to General Tinio, was wounded. Then, to his men, Quirolgico, fighter of fire and steel, shouted: "Forward!" Just as he was leading the charge, a bullet struck him; he reeled, turned about, fell, but was providentially rescued by a compani.on-in-arms to a place of safety. The wound healed, but the scar is there on his left thigh.

His joining the army cut short his college career, for he could not even finish the segunda enseiianza at the San Juan College, Manila, as he had to answer the call to duty.

Later on he was appointed Captain of Police of Ilocos Sur and it was he who put an end to bandolerismo in the province. He was elected Municipal President of his town, Caoayan, and then joined the Philippine National Guard.

Governor Quirolgico's life is colorful. "It is an inspiring example to the youth of the North."

QUISUMBING, EDUARDO

Acting Assistant Director of the Bureau of Science and Botanist. He was born in Santa Cruz, Laguna, on November 24, 1895. He received the B.Agr., 1918, M.S., 1921, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1923. He was instructor, 1920-1924, Assistant Professor of Botany, 1924-1926, College of Agriculture, University of the Philip-pines; Research Associate, University of California, 1926-1928; Acting Chief, National Museum Division, Bureau of Science, February 1, 1934; Member, Botanical Society of America; Sigma Xi; Vice-president, Philippine Scientific Society; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Charter member and Chairman, Division of Biological Science, National Research Council of the Philippine Islands; U. P. Fellow to the University of Chicago, 502

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1920-1923; Fellow, National Research Council of the United States to the University of California, 1926-1928.

In March, 1935, he was appointed Acting Assistant Director of the Bureau of Science. Dr. Quisumbing has also contributed much to our scientific literature.

QUISUMBING, FRANCISCO

Chemical Engineer; Manager of Syyap and Co. and President of the Quisumbing School of Technology. He was born in Sta. Cruz, Laguna, on December 1, 1892. He was educated in San Juan de Letran, Tondo Intermediate School, and Manila High School, where he graduated in 1909, and then in the College of Agriculture of the University of the Philippines. In 1912, he joined the faculty of the state unive,sity. From 1918 to 1920, he was fellow to the Columbia University where he obtained his Ph.D. degree in industrial ~nd chemical engineering. After more than twenty years' service with the University of the Philippines, he retired and opened his own school. The author of many textbooks, and papers on engineering topics, he is associate member of the National Research Council and member of the Rotary Club and the American Chemical Society.

RAFOLS, NICOLAS

Assemblyman from the Sixth District of Cehu, Lawyer and Agriculturist. He was born in Toledo, Cebu. He studied in the Liceo de Manila, where he took the secondary course from 1904 to 1908. In 1909 he entered the College of Law of Manila, graduating as Bachelor of Laws in 1911.

He was elected representative for the sixth district of Cebu in 1922. In 1935 he came out during the elections as one of the Assemhlymen to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

503

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES RAMA, ESTEBAN DE LA

Business Executive and Agriculturist. Among the outstanding businessmen and citizens of the Visayas is Mr. de la Rama, manager of the De la Rama Centrals, controlling interests worth millions of pesos. He is second vice-president of the Asociacion de los Veteran os de la Revolucion. He resides in Bago, Negros Occidental. Mr. de la Rama was educated here and partly abroad, for he is a man of the world. His rise in the agricultural world should serve as an inspiration to all those who say that they have no chances in life.

RAMA, JDSE DE LA

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-Second Judicial District, Cebu.

He is 55 years old. Before joining the Judiciary, he was successively Provincial Fiscal in the following provinces: Misamis and Surigao, 1907; Misamis, Surigao, and Agusan, 1907-1911; and Leyte, 1911-1917. He received his first appointment to the Judiciary as Auxiliary Judge on March 8, 1917. In 1924, he was promoted to his present position.

RAMA, VrCEN'l'E

Assemblyman from the Fourth District of Cebu, Publisher and Journalist. He was born in Cebu, Cebu, on June 6, 1887. He studied in the Colegio de San Carlos de Cebu in 1904, and took up law in the College of Law of Manila in 1908. In 1922, he became candidate as representative for the third district of Cebu and won in the elections. He was re-elected representative during the sixth and seventh legislatures. In 1935 he was also elected member of the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

504

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES B. Assemblyman from the First District of Pangasinan and Lawyer. He was born in Lingayen, Pangasinan, on July 11, 1891. From 1904 to 1906, he studied in a private college in Lingayen; from 1907 to 1909 he studied in the Liceo de Manila; and from 1914 to 1917, he took up路 law course in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila, where he obtained the Bachelor of Laws degree. He was Clerk in the Provincial Treasury of Pangasinan, 1909-1910; Municipal Treasurer of Aguilar, Pangasinan, 1910-1912; Municipal Treasurer of Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, 1912-1914; Provincial Deputy Fiscal of Pangasinan, 1924-1929; Delegate for the first district of Pangasinan to the Constitutional Convention in 1934. In 1935 he was elected as one of the Assemblymen from Pangasinan to the Commonwealth Assembly.

RAMOS, ANACLETO

RAMOS, ANTONIO

Insular Treasurer of the Philippine Islands and First Deputy Insurance Commissioner of the Philippine Government. He was born in Lingayen, Pangasinan, on February 28, 1881. His parents are Patricio Ramos and Maria Carmen Borja. He was educated in the schools of his home town. In 1897 he secured his A.B. from the University of Santo Tomas.

An industrious worker, he was Cashier of the Bureau of Treasury, Superintendent of the Philippine Mint, and Assistant Insular Treasurer; first Deputy Insurance Commissioner of the Philippine Government; and member of the Masonic Club of Manila. Recently he was appointed Insular Treasurer of the Philippine Commonwealth Government. From an unknown teacher, he rose in life through hard work and self-study, from one position to another, until today he is the treasurer of treasurers of the Philip505

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES pine Government. "Honesty and hard work," his friends say, "are the keynotes of his life."

RAMOS, NARCISO

Assemblyman from the Fifth District of Pangasinan and Lawyer. He was born in Asingan, Pangasinan, on November 11, 1900. He studied in the Elementary School of Asingan, Pangasinan, and graduated from the Manila High School in 1919. He took Journalism in the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, 1921-1922; obtained LL.B. from Philippine Law School, 1924; and passed the bar examinations, 1924. He was member of the Filipino Delegation that attended the International Conference of Students in Peking in April, 1922; served as Editor-in-Chief of the VaJrsity News; formerly reporter of Philippines Herald and Manila Times," member of Board of Directors of Lingayen Y.M.C.A. He is also member of the Board of Directors of the Pangasinan Bar Association, and Lingayen Beach Golf Club. He was Representative during the tenth legislature. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the fifth district of Pangasinan.

RAMOS, SIMEON

Judge of the Court of First Instance of Isabela, Lawyer and Former Director of the Bureau of Lands.

"His law office in Vigan is one of the biggest and he counts on one of the largest clienteles in the northern provinces," wrote. the Graphic of the President of the Colegio de Abogados de Ilocos Sur y Abra.

Director Ramos was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on February 18, 1884, son of Eusebio Ramos and Ildefonsa Fery. In his home town he studied his first letters and ' later entered the Colegio Seminario de Vigan, then under the Recollect priests, where he received his A. B. It was in Vigan where hEl studied law. He was so proficient in 506

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES his studies that he obtained in 1909 his title of Licenciado en Leyes. While he was studying he was also teaching.

After taking his bar examinations which he successfully passed by obtaining the highest mark, he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands.

He returned to hi~ province and worked as Clerk of the Court of First Instance of !locos Sur, until 1912. A year later he was appointed Justice of the Peace of Bantay, Caoayan, San Vicente and Santa Catalina.

In answer to the insistent call of his friends, he resigned from the government service and presented his candidacy as governor of his province. The result of the elections in 1919 was his winning with a big majority over his old and rich political rivals. The same triumph was achieved when he worked for his re-election in order to carry out his unfinished projects. In the Legislature he was member of the Committees on Elections, No.2, Public Works, Police, Revision of Laws and Civil Service.

Before his appointment to the directorship of the Bureau of Lands, Mr. Ramos was the best known law practitioner in the !locos provinces. This year he resigned as Director of Lands in order to becom.e Judge of the Court of First Instance of Isabela province.

Physically well built and with eyes that glow with confidence and a voice that commands respect, Mr. Ramos said epigrammatically: "Do today all that you can, and tomorrow will take care of itself."

Such, dear reader, is Judge Ramos' short cut to success, what won for him the respect and love of his people, what gave him "the largest law clientele in the northern provinces."

RAN JO, IRINEO

Lawyer and Teacher. Mr. Ranjo was bDrn in Pasuquin, !locos Norte, on September 18, 1892. He graduated 507

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES from the Philippine Normal School in 1903 and finished the law course through devoted self-study. In 1917 he was admitted by the Philippine Supreme Court to practice law in the Islands. He was provincial treasurer of noeos N orte from 1903 to 1904, insular teacher from 1905 to 1906, clerk in the office of the division superintendent of schools of noeos Norte from 1906 to 1910, clerk of court from 1911 to 1919, member of the sixth Philippine Legislature from the first district of noeos Norte. He was elected Delegate from the first district of noeos Norte to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

B. Assistant Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes. Born in Laoag, noeos Norte, on August 8, 1893, his parents are Leon Raval and Bibiaha Beltran. He obtained his Ph.B. from the University of Chicago, Ill., U. S. A., in 1923.

Mr. Raval has been teacher; clerk, Bureau of Education; Chief Clerk, Department of Mindanao and Sulu; member of the group of Filipinos representing the Philippine Government, 1915, San Francisco Exposition; Philippine Government student at Stanford University and University of Chicago, 1920-1923; Special Agent, Bureau of N on-Christian Tribes, 1931. The Assistant Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, he belongs to the Northern Luzon Association. He is a man who believes in patience as the lever of accomplishment.

RAVAL, CIRIACO

RA WSON, RALPH FRENCH

Manager and Vice-President of A. L. Ammen Transportation Co., Inc. (Alatco). Mr. Rawson was born in Chesterville, Maine, U. S. A., on April 21, 1891, the son of Z. B. Rawson and Ellen French Rawson. He finished his grammar grades and high school in Seattle, Washing508

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ton, and graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1915 and Master of Arts in 1917 from the University of Washington. Coming to the Islands in 1917, he entered the Philippine Government service as classroom teacher, assigned in Santa Cruz, Laguna. "Through adequate preparation and continued hard work," he climbed slowly but surely the rungs of the ladder of success. He was made Principal of the Sorsogon High School in 1918 and then appointed Superintendent of Schools of Cagayan de Misamis in 1919 and Superintendent of Schools of Albay from 1920 to 1924. Later on he became Treasurer of the A. L. Ammen Transportation Co., Inc., from 1925 to 1930 and was appointed Manager of this transportation concern from 1930 to 1934. Since 1935 he has been the Manager and Vice-President of Alatco. Mr. Rawson is an example of a man who lives his philosophy of life: "Look for Success in Life through adequate preparation, continued har work, and a bit of luck."

RAZON BENITO

Business Leader and Executive.

Manager of Sorox y Cia., one of the city's biggest real estate operators. President of the Manila Stock Exchange, the first and biggest trade.rs in stocks and bonds in the Islands. He was the president of the National Economic Philippine Association (Nepa).

Mr. Razon was born in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, on January 22, 1888.

He was educated at the San Juan de Letran Colle;ge where he received his Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Commerce degrees in 1906.

He was recorder in the provincial board of Leyte from 1906 to 1907 and court stenographer from 1908 to 1913. From 1913 to 1915 he worked with the Executive Bureau. During 1915 he was appointed Chief Clerk of 509

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the Executive Bureau. A year later he became secretary of the President of the Senate.

Due to his exceptional service and singular ability, Mr. Razon soon found himself, after a steady advancement in nis position, the Employment Manager of the Manila Rai1road Co., Inc., from 1917 to 1918.

It is said that a good man could never be put down for he is in any event bound to rise. This happened to Mr. Razon, for in 1919 he went into business. He was partner of the Razon Brothers firm and also manager at the same time, from 1919 to 1921. This company was engaged in stock brokerage and general merchandise.

The call of duty found Mr. Razon, however, in 1922, as secretary to the Independence Mission to Washington, D. C. Since 1923 Mr. Razon has devoted his time entirely to his commercial pursuits. He became SecretaryTreasurer of the Radio Corporation of the Philippines up to 1927. And from 1928 up to the present time, he h'as been the Manager of the Sorox y Cia. Mr. Razon is a member of the board of directors of many business and civic organizations.

There are but very few in the Islands who possess such a brilliant record in business.

It is because Mr. Razon has that self-mastery, that concentration, the putting of his all, in every undertaking he has in hand; besides he knows himself and his limitations. He never gets excited. Always calm and selfpossessed, he is himself always unruffled in times of stress and strain.

Such is the executive, one who has foresight, is master of the situation-always himself-in the best of moodready to tackle any problem-possessed with that purpose which once formed, then come death or come victory!

510

BUILDERS OF THE NEvV PHILIPPINES RAZON, JOSE

Lawyer and Businessman. Attorney for the Roxas y Compania and Manager of the haciendas of said company, Mr. Razon was born in Manila on December 11, 1899. He was educated in the primary school at Tacloban, Leyte, the Escuela del Santisimo Rosario in Manila, and the Colegio de San J:uan de Letran where he received his A.B. degree.

He studied law in the state university and in the Escuela de Derecho where he received his LL.B. in 1921. He was personal secretary of Secretary Jaime C. de Veyra. From 1919 to 1921 he was senior translator in the Philippine Constabulary Intelligence Division. At present Mr. Razon is partner in the Reich, Sandoval, and Razon law firm.

M. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Lawyer, Poet and Academician. Born in Tiaong, Tayabas, on February 8, 1890, he was educated in his hometown and later in the high school of Lipa, Batangas. He also enrolled in the Ateneo de Manila where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1909 and in the University of Santo Tomas where he graduated as LL.B. in 1913. In the same year he was admitted by the Supreme Court to practice law in the Philippines. Justice Recto began his literary career while yet a student when he worked in the Spanish daily El Ideal and later in La Vanguardia, as a columnist in 1911. He became secretary to Commissioner Vicente Ilustre of the Philippine Commission. After working in the Senate as law clerk, he practiced his profession.

As a poet, his Alfonso XIII won first prize in the Casino Espanol literary contest. In 1924 he became honorary member of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation of Spain and was admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States. His political career began when he was elected in 1919 Representative from Batangas and RECTO, CLAIÂŤ>

511

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES became floor leader of the minority. When elected Senator from the fifth senatorial district during the ninth Philippine Legislature, he hecame also the Floor Leader of the Antis. When he was Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934, he became the President of the Convention. Several times he joined the Philippine Independence Mission to Washington, D. C. He was member of the law firm of Guevara, Francisco & Recto. Recently he was conferred the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causCli. As an author, he has published many books, the latest being Asiatic Monroeism and Other Essays. He is also one of the Zobel prize winners for literature and member of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language. Dr. Recto, poet, lawyer and writ.er in Spanish, is one of the foremost scholars of the new Philippines.

S. Business Executive. President of the Manila Trading & Supply Co., Inc. He is one of the most successful American business men and leaders in the Philippines.

Mr. Reese was born on May 17, 1876, in Cincinnati, Ohio, U. S. A., son of Samuel and Bertha (Dreyfus) Reese.

In 1911 he married Florence Bourne in Manila. An Elk, Mason and Shriner, Mr. Reese is member of the Army & Navy Club, Manila Polo Club, Manila Golf Club, University Club, and Baguio Country Club; also of the Military Order of Mandarin; the Grassy Sprain Golf Club, Railroad Club and Downtown Athletic Club of New York.

Coming to the Philippines with the military expedition in 1898, during the Spanish-American War, he later on entered the civil government service for many years, as provincial treasurer, acting governor of the provinces of Romblon and Occidental N egros, .general agent for the Philippine Railway Co., and assistant director of Navigation for the Philippine Government.

REESE, JULIUS

512

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES After leaving the government service, Mr. Reese was manager of Erlanger & Galinger, Inc. In 1915 he purchased the Manila Trading & Supply Co., now one of the largest business houses in the Islands, the exclusive distributor for the Philippines of the Ford Motor Company.

Educated in the public schools and at the University of Cincinnati, Mr. Reese joined the United States Army and saw service in the Cuban campaign, the Philippine Revolution and the China Relief Expedition during the Boxer Rebellion.

Alert, active, keen and sincere, Mr. Reese is a typical business man who never believes in failure, for labor conquers all, as he has demonstrated in his business undertakings. Success to him in business means ninety per cent perspiration.

His winning personality, his optimistic attitude, and his sincerity of motive, can be.st be expressed with this verse of undying cheer: "Smile, and the world smiles with you, Knock, and you go alone; For the cheerful grin will let you in Where the knocker is never known !"

REEVES, ALBERT N.

Manager of the Manila Branch of the U. S. Rubber Export Company. He was born in Cape May, New Jersey, on April 9, 1896, and educated in various educational institutions in the United States. He came to the Philippines in March, 1934. He is a Rotarian, one who works for the greatest good of the greatest number.

REGALA, ROBERTO

Lawyer, Professorial Lecturer and former Secretary, Public Service Commission. He was born in the barrio of TaIba, Bacolol', Pampanga, on June 7, 1897. He re513

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ceived his elementary education from the Bacolor Elementary School in 1914 and his high school education from the Pampanga High School in 1918. In 1920 he obtained his A.B. degree from the University of the Philippines. Later on, he took up the study of law and at the same time political science, and completed both in March, 1924, obtaining the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Government and Bachelor of Laws. His graduation thesis was awarded first prize by the College of Law, University of the Philippines.

In 1923, Mr. Regala joined the Department of Justice as a law clerk and later was appointed researcher of the Philippine Commission of Independence. The Bureau of Justice sent him to the United States and Europe in 1924 to take up special legal studies. In June, 1925, he obtained his doctorate of Science in Law from the Yale University.

When he was in England he entered All Souls College, Oxford University, where he specialized in International Law and Constitutional Law. When in Europe, he attended the sessions of the League of Nations at Geneva and lectures in the Academy of International Law at Hague, Holland.

He returned to the Islands in 1926 and became technical assistant in the Department of Interior, at the same time lecturer, College of Law, University of the Philippines.

Since then he has been teaching in various law schools in the city. In 1927, he was transferred to the Public Service Commission where he first acted as attorney and then as the Secretary. Later on, he was transferred to the Bureau of Justice as special attorney in handling cases pertaining to the Public Service Commission. Some of his published works are: Philippine Bar Questions and Answers in International Law; Papers on the Philippines and International Relations; Development of Representation in the Philippines; Neutralization and the Philippines and Compiled Public Service Laws of the Philippines.

514

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES REGALADO, INIGO ED. Vernacular Poet and Novelist. A native of Manila and practically self-made man, Mr. Regalado has been, at one time, a member of the Municipal Board of Manila, and is considered one of the best Tagalog novelists now living. His most popular novel is entitled Sarwpagui tang Walang Bango.

REMO, EMILIANO G. Chief of the Legal Department of the Bureau of Audits and Lawyer. He was born in San Jose, Batangas, on September 19, 1891, son of Telesforo Remo and Juana Rondero.

He is a graduate of the Philippine Normal School in 1911. He finished law while working as a clerk in the Bureau of Audits, 1917-1921.

Mr. Remo started as a mere clerk in the Bureau of Audits in 1917; then he became Assistant Chief of Section in 1919, and Assistant Chief of Division of the same year, and was made full Superintendent of the same Division in 1920, and finally appointed Chief, Legal Department, on November 14, 1924. He is the personification of "Work hard and be honest in all acts." Mr. Remo served as teacher under the Bureau of Education, and entered the Bureau of Audits as clerk. At present he is a professorial lecturer at the National Law College, University of Manila.

Mr. Remo is member of the Philippine Bar Association and the Government Auditors Association.

RENNOLDS, WILLIAM H. Vice President and Manager of the Wm. H. Anderson & Co., Inc. Also president of the company that bears his own name, head of the Mantecoco Company, manufacturers of vegetable oil products, and secretary and assistant treasurer of the Luzon Sugar Company, Mr. Rennolds left the 515

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES University of Notre Dame and his country in order to try his luck in these tropical islands. He came here in 1902, when he was twenty-six years old. He was born on January 25, 1886, in Chicago, Illinois. At first he was with the Pacific Commercial Co., Inc., and later still with the William Anderson Company, importers and exporters.

From mere salesman to manager-his present positionthat is Mr. Rennolds' commercial romance.

RESURRECCION, VICENTE POSADA:S

Provincial Treasurer of Mindoro. He was born in Santo Tomas, La Union, on December 26, 1889, the son of Alejandro Resurreccion and Josefa Posadas. He completed the secondary course, finished the correspondence course in Banki:ng and Finance with the American School of Correspondence, and passed the Provincial Treasurer and Second Grade English examinations. The positions which he held in the government service were: Clerk in the Bureau of Navigation, 1912-1913; Clerk, 1913-1916, then Property Clerk, Bookkeeper, and Cashier, in the City Treasury of Baguio, 1917-1925; Chief Clerk and Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Antique, 1925-1927; Assistant Provincial Treasurer and then Acting Provincial Treasurer of La Union, 1928-1930; and Provincial Treasurer of Batanes in 1933. At present he is the Provincial Treasurer of Mindoro, since 1934. "Honesty, integrity and devotion to duty," embodies his philosophy in life.

REVILLA, EULOGIO P.

Jurist and Lawyer. Born in Manila on July 25, 1885, Judge Revilla was educated in the Ateneo de Manila and Escuela de Derecho de Manila, with the degrees of A.B. and LL.M., and admitted to practice in the Suprem.e Court in 1908. The service record of Judge Revilla is as follows-Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Manila, 1911516

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1914; Assistant City Fiscal, 1914-1921; Auxiliary Judge of the Court of First Instance, 1921-1922; City Fiscal of Manila, 1922-1924; Associate Public Utility Commissioner, 1924; Judge of Court of First Instance, Bulacan, 19241926; Judge of Court of First Instance of Manila, 19261932. He is member of the American Bar Association, Council of Hygiene, Bar of the United States Supreme Court, and Bar of Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. When he resigned from government service, he joined Mr. J. Yulo with their law firm, Yulo & Revilla. He is now practising alone and counsel for the Philippine Sugar Association, the Philippine-American Trade Association and other commercial firms.

E. Assemblyman from the Third District of Bohol and Attorney-at-Law. He was born in Talibon, Bohol, on July 20, 1899. He attended Talibon Primary School, 1908-1912; Cebu and Carcar Intermediate Schools, Cebu, 1914-1915; Tagbilaran Intermediate School, Bohol, 1915-1916; Cebu Intermediate School, 1916; Cebu High School, 1916-1919; Bohol Provincial High School, 1919-1920; Philippine Law School, 1920-1924, LL.B. He was one of the representatives during the loth Legislature. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the third district of Bohol to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

REVILLES, MARGARITO

REYES, ALEXANDER

Public Service Commissioner, Lawyer, Legal Educator, and former Acting Secretary of Justice.

The son of Andres Reyes and Teresa Ablola, Mr. Reyes was born in June, 1889, at Navotas, Rizal. He m.arried Engracia Cruz in Manila and they have eleven children.

517

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Editor and lawyer, he was educated in the Occidental N egros High School, Philippine Normal School and later in the College of Liberal Arts and College of Law, University of the Philippines. He was admitted to the Philippine bar in 1914. He was once an active journalist, serving as editor of a law journal. When he left journalism, he entered public service as chief clerk of the Law Department of the City of Manila, and then worked with the Bureau of Justice where in 1925 he became Solicitor General.

Recognition always comes. So Mr. Reyes, after performing his duties satisfactorily, was raised to another position as Under Secretary of Justice. In 1934 he was appointed Judge, Public Service Commission.

He was a member of the Committee on Revision of the Penal Code, chairman of the Committee on Revision of the Code of Commerce, member of the Survey Board of the Department of Justice, and chairman of the Committee on Destruction of Documents. Mr. Reyes was a Dean of the College of Law, National University, and professorial lecturer on law at the Manila Law College and College of Law, University of the Philippines.

From the life of an efficient man, one can always draw thoughts that are interesting and inspiring. Let him speak with the voice. of one who knows what he says: "The great accomplishments are seldom, if ever, the sudden flaming into achieveme,n ts of gifts unsuspected and unattended. The world of success is geared to realities.

More often than not, to the reality of persistence. The prizes come to them who persevere, to whom obstacles are adventures gloriously to go through and in whom the spirit never yields to discouragement. They do the day's labor who thus are loyal to a set purpose to be industrious, and often they do it not merely well but greatly. Let us be of them."

518

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

A. Journalist and Pharmacist. He was born on April 24, 1878, in Lipa, Batangas. He was educated in the school of Mr. Virrey in Lipa, transferring later to the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Manila, where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1895. He studied pharmacy in the University of Santo Tomas in 1898. He was one of the founders of the Club Democratico Independista which played an important part in the revolutionary movement in Batangas.

He studied journalism and was the publisher of the C. V. de La Federa.cion Malaya. He was also professor of the Instituto Rizal. In reward for his services, he was made Commander of Infantry. The Liceo de Manila named him Honorary Professor. When peace was estahlished, he continued his studies and became a pharmacist in 1902. He practiced his profession for a time in Lipa, occupying different municipal oDfices up to 1906 when he resolved to return to Manila and dedicate himself to journalism. He was publisher of El N(J;cionalismo, translator of La Independencia, publisher and later director of El Renacimiento.

He was the chief editor of La VanguALrdia. The Association of Journalists of the Philippines designated him member of the Tribunal de Honor and Comite de Arbitraje of said organization. Later he became editor of the Revista Economica.. He was elected member of the Third Philippine Legislature and later appointed Director of Commerce and Industry.

REYES, FIDEL

S. Bishop, Diocese of Nueva Caceres. He was born on January 29, 1876, in Naga, Camarines Sur, and his parents are Catalino Reyes and Higinia Alcante. Educated in the Seminario de N aga, he graduated as Doctor of Theology in 1905. Later, he was appointed professor in the Naga Seminary. Because of his meritorious work as a secular REYES, FRANCISCO

519

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES clergy, he was designated Bishop of the Diocese of Nueva Caceres, comprising Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, Albay, Sorsogon, the Sub-province of Catanduanes, Masbate and the District of Burias. To the service of God and the good of humanity he has dedicated his life, his everything.

M. Archbishop of Cebu, with jurisdiction over the bishoprics of Jaro, Bacolod, Calbayog, Cagayan, and Zamboanga.

First Filipino Archbishop. Mons. Reyes was born in Calibo, Capiz, on March 24, 1892. His parents were Eulogio Reyes and Marcela Martelino. He studied in the J aro Seminary where he finished his priesthood career, and was ordained priest in 1915. He was assigned parish priest in Balasan, Iloilo, and then transferred to Capiz, Capiz. He was designated Vicar General of the Jaro Diocese in 1926.

In 1932 he was consecrated Bishop of Cebu in recognition of his valuable services to the Catholic Church. On the second anniversary of his consecration, he was elevated to his present position-Archbishop of the new archbishopric in the Philippines.

REYES, GABRIEL

REYES, GEOONIMO DE LOS

Businessman and Agriculturist. Owner of the Geronimo de los Reyes Building, and President of the LaongLaan Tennis Club.

He erected the first office building owned by a Filipino. It won the prize for the most artistic commercial building of the city.

"My idea of life is-determination to do something different; to be my own boss . . . to own a real Office Building ... " Mr. de los Reyes was born in Manila on September 27, 1900, son of Teodoro de los Reyes and Margarita Sandoval.

520

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Educated by a private tutor, he later entered the public schools, then the Jose Rizal College where in 1926 he received his degree of Bachelor of Science in Commerce.

He obtained the acumen of his business experience from that remarkable business leader, Teodoro de los Reyes, his father.

He married Gloria Berenguer. They have three boys attending De la Salle College.

Mr. de los Reyes is President of the P. 1. Lawn Tennis Associatoin, director and treasurer of the, Philippine Columbian Association, and treasurer of the General Machinery, Inc. Besi~es his extensive business interests, he also owns coconut and sugar plantations in Laguna and Tayabas and sugar plantation$ in Pampanga.

Young man, if you have, determination, you will succeed; for determin.ation is the lever of success. Goethe said, "He who is firm in will moulds the world to himself."

If you are that-you will be another G. de los Reyes.

REYES, HERMOGENES

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Seventh Judicial District, Pampanga. He is 63 years old. Before his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Provincial Fiscal of Bulacan from 1904 to 1906, and Third Member of the Provincial Board of Bulacan in 1907. He was first appointed to the JUdiciary on July 1, 1914. He was District Judge from 1914 to 1917, Auxiliary Judge from 1917 up to 1919, and District Judge again from 1919 up to the present.

REYES, ISABELO DE LOS

Journalist and Former Senator. He was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on July 7, 1864, son of Elias de los Reyes and Leona Florentino. He studied the primary course in the Seminary of that city and came to Manila in June of 521

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1880. He graduated as Bachelor of Arts from the College of San Juan de Letran and in the University of Santo Tomas he studied the Civil, Penal, Mercantile codes, Conveyancing and Paleography. He finished the career of Notary Public at the age of 22, but was not able to practice it for not being 25 years old. As a student, he used to write for the papers. His first artic.le appeared in November, 1882, in El Comercio. He wrote for the La Oceania Espa11010., Espana Oriental, Re'v ista Popular, Revista Catolica, Lectura Popular and La Oprilnion, and founded El Ilocano.

He was the only Filipino who, during the Spanish 路 rule in the Islands, discussed the political and administrative affairs of the Islands. He was the author of the "Memoria" wherein he stated the cause of the Revolution and which was presented to the Spanish Government while he was in BiIibid Prisons. He was deported to the Castle of Monjuich of Barcelona; from there, he was called to the Ministerio de Ultramar as mekber of the Junta de Puhlicaciones and was named one of the judges of Barcelona. In Spain, he was director and proprietor of Fi1ipinas Ante Europa. and El Defensor de Filipitnas, organs of the Filipinos. He collaborated with the principal newspapers of Madrid and Barcelona. He was the true founder of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente; for which he was named honorary bishop by Mons. Aglipay. He was the initiator of the labor movement in the Philippines, founding the first Union Obrera.

He was director of La Redencion del Obrero and La Iglesia Ind~pendiente.

He was awarded a gold medal for his Historia de !locos and a silver medal for his Folklore Filipino.

When Aguinaldo gave himself up, he was named Secretary of the Interior by Malvar. Then the revolutionists gave him the title of President of the Philippine Republic.

He wrote poetry in Spanish and IIocano. He was elected councilor of Manila twice. In June, 1922, he was elected 522

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Senator, first senatorial district. Don Belong is a member of many foreign societies. He is a brave patriot and a brave writer.

REYES, JOAQUIN

Photo-Engraver and Farmer. Former PresidentManager of the modern photo-engraving shop in the Philippine Islands.

"How have I done it? It is a long story, I tell you."

His face was lit with a buoyant smile, the smile of triumph--contentment in one's work-as he wiped off the dirt on his hands and the perspiration on his brow.

"My parents, Vicente Reyes and Placida Insua, were poor, all natives of the city of Manila.

"I was born on the 21st of May, 1885, in Iloilo, Iloilo.

"I began my studies at the Instituto Burgos under Maestro Mendiola. Later I entered San Juan de Letran College where I have come in contact with Dominican Fathers Peiia and Palacio.

"As an apprentice, I began way back on July 6, 1903, in the Bureau of Printing, earning 20 centavos a day!

"For years I worked until I became after many trials a craftsman-doIng photo-engraving and other odd pdnting jobs. lowe much to those early years. .. But I left the Bureau of Printing in 1911 and joined Sr. A. Garcia, maker of fine cuts."

Mr. Reyes always kept on acquiring experience on the commercial side of his calling. So in 1925 he and Mr. Dick of the Free Press filed the incorporation papers of the Joaquin Reyes & Co., Inc. "I like this job. If anyone were to go into it, I would tell him this. Start from the bottom. This business needs much patience and study, the same as in other technical lines. So do your best if you want to survive competition."

523

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES S. Writer and Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Born in Bulusan, Sorsogon, on December 5, 1899, and the son of Alfonso Reyes and Baldomera Sesbrefio, Mr. Reyes graduated as Bachelor of Arts from the University of the Philippines in 1918, and as Master of Arts in 1921 and as Doctor of Philosophy in 1923 from the Columbia University, New York City. He was one of the technical advisers of two Philippine Independence Missions to the United States, and author of many works on political science and other allied subjects. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the first district of Sorsogon to the Constitutional Convention.

REYES, JOSE

REYES, JOSE DE LOS

Maj or General and Provost Marshal General of the Philippine Army. From private to Captain and from Captain to General. That is the distinguished record of Jose de los Reyes, retired officer of the Philippine Constabulary and Chief of the Secret Service of the. Bureau of Customs.

"Having been caused by circumstances of life to serve the Government, I have made it my motto to be. honest and to "fulfill my duty to the best of my ability," said Gen. de los Reyes, "and such is the only motto I have in my life."

General de los Reyes, the. son of humble parents, was born in Bulacan, on August 19, 1876. He was educated at San Juan de Letran College. He joined the Philippine Constabulary in 1901 which became the. turning-point of his career.

During the Philippine Revolution he joined the revolutionary forces and was a captain of the staff when the Spanish forces in 1898 surrendered to General Gregorio del Pilar and the Philippine Republic was established.

In 1900 he left for Hongkong to confer with the revolutionary committee there. The next year he was appointed 524

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES interpreter and lieutenant of civilian scouts attached to the 3rd Infantry, U. S. Army, with station at Bulacan, Bulacan. In September, 1901, he enlisted as private in the Philippine Constabulary.

Mr. de los Reyes showed the timber he was made of by becoming a corporal and first .sergeant in 1902 and third lieutenant in 1903; second lieutenant in 1905, and first lieutenant in 1907. Then he began to scale the heights, becoming Captain in 1909; Major in 1917; Lieutenant Colonel and Assistant Chief of Constabulary in 1918; Colonel and Assistant Chief from 1924 until October 16, 1930, when he retired.

Because he was good, valuable material, upon his retirement from active military servic~ he was immediately appointed Chie,f of the Secret Service of the Bureau of Customs. In 1936 he was ap~ointed by Pres. Quezon Provost Marshal General of the IPhilippine Army.

His decorations are: P. C. Long Service; Victory World War, and Luzon Camp.aign medals, which show what an exceptionally colorful record this faithful public servant possesses. He is member of Mt. Lebanon Lodge, No. 80, F. & A. M. Gray-haired, calm and alert, General de los Reyes believes tl!.at discipline is th~ prime requisite of success in life. "A man without discipline to govern himself in every respect is like a ship without a rudder; he cannot succeed in life; for discipline is of untold value. All of us needs discipline in private or in public life; but the most difficult to discipline is ourselves-our emotions. But once you have attained ~elf-mastery, you will be a man I" Indeed!... Is not the man who controlleth himself much better and bigger than the man who taketh a city, as said by the prophets of old? So he is now working in building up the Philippine Army.

525

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES REYES, NICANOR

President, Far Eastern University. Educated in the Islands and abroad, Mr. Reyes's name has come to the limelight only recently because of the tremendous success of the Far Eastern University, the consolidation of the . Far Eastern College and the Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance in 1933. He was a government pensionado and the first Filipino to be conferred by the Columbia University of New York the degree of Doctor of Commerce in 1926. He was vice-president of the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants and Committee of Management, Central Student Branch, Y.M.C.A. He is Associate member, Philippine Alpha Chapter Panxenia, and Secretary-Treasurer of the Association of Filipino Private Universities and Colleges. Quiet but studious, Dr. Reyes is one of those rare people who think and act vigorously in order to make their dreams successful realities.

REYES, SEVERINO

Tagalog Editor and Writer. A native of Manila and a product of the old generation, Mr. Reyes is one of the most outstanding and picturesque vernacular writers of today. He was editor of Ang Democracia and other local papers. Famous for his Walang Sugat and Minda Mora, Mr. Reyes is also famous for his Tales of Lola Basiang appearing in the Tagalog weekly, Lirw1a yway. He is called one of the veteran Tagalog writers who work not for money but for pleasure.

REYNA, LAMBER'I'O SIGUION

Technical Adviser and Delegate of the Department of Interior and Labor. He was born in Dagupan, Pangasinan, on April 16, 1890. He obtained his elementary education from the Liceo de Manila and his secondary education from the Ateneo de Manila, and graduated with the degree of 526

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Bachelor of Arts in 1908 from the University of Santo Tomas. He took also philosophy and letters from the latter institution, finished law in La Jurisprudencia, and graduated with the degree of Master of Juridical Sciences from the Escuela de Derecho in 1911. He took graduate courses in public international law, philosophy of education and experimental psychology from Columbia University, graduating as M.A. in political science. He returned to the Philippines in 1914 to resume the practice of law and later entered politics when he was elected Representative from the second district of Pangasinan to the Sixth Legislature.

He was appointed in April, 1933, technical adviser and delegate of the Department of the Interior and Labor, and he is the chairman of the Department of the Interior Divisions' Efficiency and Economy Committee on Public Order; vicechairman of the Department of the Interior Efficiency and Economy Committee, and member of the Committee on Pensions. He conducted a survey of the City of Baguio in 1933 and of the special provinces of Mindanao and Sulu in 1935.

RICHARDS, CROSBY

Manager of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Export Company. He was born in Dickinson, North Dakota, on January 7, 1895, and was educated in the public schools in his home city and in his state university. Later on he took a graduate course at the Wharton School of Finance, University of Pennsylvania. In 1930 he came to the Islands as manager of the Goodyear Tire Company. He is an Elk and a Mason.

E. Division Superintendent of Schools of Cam.arines Sur. He is the son of George Edward Richardson and Ada Q. Henderson, born in Waterford, Erie County, PennsylRICHARDSON, QUINCE

527

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES vania. He finished elementary and high school courses in Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania. He is a graduate of the Southwestern State Teachers College, California, Pennsylvania, and Oskaloosa College; holder of State Normal School Diploma and Pennsylvania State Normal Life Teachers' Certificate, Pennsylvania (E.S.E.). He was teacher and principal in the public schools of Pennsylvania. Later he was appointed to the Bureau of Education, Philippine Islands, in 1912. He has been elementary school teacher and principal, high school teacher and principal, normal school teacher and principal, and Division Superintendent of Schools for Nueva Ecija, Misamis, Ilocos Sur and Camarines Sur. His philosophy of life is the following: "Work, don't orate. Do right, do your duty, and trust in the Supreme Ruler of the Universe."

P. Physician and Surgeon. Born in Santa Cruz, Marinduque, on January 24, 1894, he was educated in the San Juan de Letran College where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1919 and in the University of Santo Tomas where he obtained his Doctor of Medicine in 1924. Dr. Ricohermoso is the owner of the San Clemente Emergency and Maternity Hospital in Binangonan, Rizal; member of the visiting staff, Mary Chiles and St. Theresita's hospitals; Philippine Islands Medical Association; Private Medical Practitioners Federation of the Philippines; chief, Medical Examiners, National Life Insurance Co., Inc., West Coast Life, Asia Life, and Sun Life of Canada. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from Marinduque to the Constitutional Convention.

RICOHERMOSO, TIMOTEO

RIO, TOMAS DEL

Businessman, Manager of Rio y Olabarrieta, shipowners, lumber dealers, merchants and consignees.

528

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES "Constancy in work . . . industriousness . . . never to be discouraged . . . serenity in time of trouble these drive away failure ... " said Don Tomas. "The only recipe for success is work. .. And this thing we fondly call success lies in our constancy of purpose."

With his little savings, Don Tomas opened a bar in Manila. When he had accumulated sufficient capital, he immediately organized a small shipping concern with Mr. Juan Olabarrieta. After a few years his dreams were shattered to pieces. The firm went bankrupt. And the only ship owned by the partnership was lost.

But did this failure daunt these big-hearted partners, especially Don Tomas? He just worked harder than ever, determi~ed to carryon and on.

Then prosperity smiled at the firm once more. But the Grim Reaper again took Don Tomas' partner, Don Juan, in 1924. Just the same, Mr. del Rio conducted the business alone, under the name of his old partner, :Rio y Olabarrieta. Now the partnership owns five motorships-Don Juan, Fortuna, Gravina, Pilar and Ventura,-plying between Manila and Palawan.

Born on May 11, 1878, in Bustos de la Segueda Leon, Spain, Mr. del Rio is the son of Luis del Rio and Teresa Gonzales. In 1904 he married Ventura Goitia in Manila.

He has but a meager education, being educated in the public schools of his native town; at the age of eighteen he entered the Spanish army and was sent to Cuba. However, due to certain circumstances he came to the Philippines on the "Leon XIII" in December, 1896. During the revolution, he saw extensive service in the Islands.

Mr. del Rio is president of the Campania Cooperativa de Caramay and the Palawan Agricultural & Industrial Co., and director of the Vulcano Engineering Co. 529

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES RIVA, ANTONIO DE LA

Business Leader, Manager of Solocan Development Co., Ltd. The son of Antonio de la Riva y Bedoya and Eulalia Diaz Cos Gayon, he was born on October 29, 1875, at Cabezon de la ' Sal, Santander, Spain. He was educated at the primary schools and at the Instituto de Jerez de la Frontera of Cadiz where he obtained his Bachelor of Commerce degree.

Coming to the Philippines in May, 1904, Mr. de la Riva started his business career at once and showed his real stuff. He :married Milagros Schmid y Gaskell, and of the union were born Juan Antonio, Miguel, Antonio, Jose, Cristina, Milagros, Concepcion and Consuelo. Juan and Miguel are graduates in commerce from the Instituto del Cardenal Cisneros, Madrid, Spain. Antonio, after finishing his law course at the Universidad Central de Madrid took his course on Diplomacy, while Jose also graduated in law from the Universidad Central de Madrid.

Don Antonio was President of the exclusive Casino Espanol in 1927, 1928, and 1930, and is still an active member of this institution famous all over the Islands.

Aside from his connections with the Solocan Development Co., Ltd., Don Antonio is President of the Digmala Lumber Co., Inc., one of the largest sawmills in Central Luzon, director and partner of various commercial entities and Manager also of the Rizal Park Co., Inc. The city owes it to Don Antonio de la Riva that great real estate holdings have been subdivided into small lots and that during 20 years there are in Manila today 20,000 proprietors or house owners more than in 1910. Not only in Manila but also in the provinces the same condition obtains, thanks to the initiative of Don Antonio in The Solocan Developm'e nt Co., Ltd., and in the Rizal Park Co., Inc., that started the subdivision of great properties, as 530

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES a result of which many others have followed suit and the country and the people have been after all benefited.

What could a student of commerce learn from the life of Don Antonio? This question has been asked in several commercial circles many a time.

And the answer unanimously has been and always will be-an inspiring example of business leadership, one of the builders of Philippine progress. He is one who works not only for himself, but also for the good of others.

As one meets Don Antonio he at once forms his good opinion of the man; as he leaves Don Antonio he has a complete impression of the man who knows, the executive of so many successful firms, a power to be reckoned with, a Business Leader.

V. Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and Lawyer. He was born in Barili, Cebu, on January 14, 1905, the son of Mauricio Rivera and Filomena Vergara. He graduated from the Cebu High School in 1925. He obtained his Associate in Arts from the Junior College of the University of the Philippines in Cebu in 1927, and his Bachelor of Laws from the College of Law, University of the ~hilippines in 1931. He was assistant attorney of the Filipino Bus Company of Cebu after he was admitted to the practice of law, and was winner of the Osmefia silver medal in oratory in 1927 and of the Quezon medal in oratory in 1931. He is editor of a weekly magazine in Cebu, Bab'aye. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the sixth district of Cebu to the Constitutional Convention.

RIVERA, FELISMENO

RIVERA, GODOFREDO

Journalist, City Editor, The Philippines Herald; author of "Believe It Or Not" daily section of The Philippines 531

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

H erGlld, the pioneer Filipino daily in English; editorial prize winner, Columbia University of New York.

Educated at the primary and intermediate schools in his home town, at the Philippine Normal School, and later at the Columbia University where he took special courses, Mr. Rivera was born forty-four years ago in Pagsanjan Laguna.

When he returned to the Islands in 1921 he began life's struggles by working with The PhiliJppines Herald, got married, and is now a happy father, and a great writer.

"Pag may pilak may alak," he said, meaning if there is money there is wine.

A. Provincial Governor of La Union. Son of Saturnino Rivera and Juana Ancheta, he was born in the barrio of Lingsat, San Fernando, La Union, on February 26, 1900.

He graduated from the La Union High School in 1919, and obtained the B.S. degree from Otterbein College, Ohio, U. S. A. in 1923, and the M.A. degree from the University of the Philippines in 1932. Mr. Rivera was Director of the Northern National Institute, San Fernando, La Union, from 1924 to 1933. He was member of the Provincial Board from 1925 to 1928; Chairman of the Provincial Committee of the Democrata Party, and Chairman of the Provincial Committee of the Coalition. He won in the 1934 elections as provincial governor of La Union.

Philosophy of life: "Each day is a new opportunity."

RIVERA, JUAN

S. Judge of the Court of First Instance, Third District, comprising the provinces of Ilocos Sur and Abra. He is 43 years old. Before joining the Judiciary, he held the following positions: Provincial Fiscal, Marinduque, 1921-1923; Acting Provincial Fiscal of Tayabas, 1923-1924; RIVERA, PABLO

532

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Provincial Fiscal of Sulu, 1924-1929; and Provincial Fiscal of Occidental Negros, 1929-1933. He was first appointed to the Judiciary as a Judge-at-Large on February 6, 1933.

In the same year (1933) he was appointed District Judge.

He still holds this position.

J. Writer and Editor of the American Chamber of Commerce Journal. He came to the Philippines in 1907 under contract with the Bureau of Education. In 1917, while a high school teacher, he wrote an artide, "The Voice of the Vanquished" which the Cablenews-Ameridan printed.

This article which won popular acclaim started his journalistic career. Soon he b.ecame reporter of the CablenewsAmerican, now the Philippines Herald. Since 1919 he has been the Philippine Correspondent of the Chicago Daily News Foreign Service. Mr. Ropb is a keen observer and a close student of Philippine affairs. He is now Editor of the American Chcvmber of Commerce Journal. Mr. Robb wrote also a beautiful booklet on local life.

ROBB, WALTER

R-oCES, ALEJANDRO

Business Executive and President of the T.V.T. Publishing Corporation. The biggest Publisher in the Philippines.

Born April 28, 1875, in Manila, he is son of Alejandro Roces and Filomena Gonzales. He married Antonia Pardo in 1896; his children are Alejandro, Jr., Filomena, Isabel, Mercedes, Antonia, Rafael, and Joaquin, all well known in the business and social circles of the community.

Don Alejandro has founded and headed the Taliba, La Vanguardia and The Tribune, the largest and most influential dailies in the Islands since 1918. He is a man of varied interests. He was president of the Ideal Moving I

533

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Picture Co., Inc., 1910-1917, and engaged also in real estate, and other big, national enterprises.

As a newspaper publisher Mr. Roces is the example of outstanding progress and real success. It was he who, through his La Vanguardia, introduced the modern newspaper into the Islands, perhaps into the Orient.

Educated in Europe, Don Alejandro is a traveler, a man of high common sense, religious, sincere and upright.

And when the book on his life will be written, this truly can be said of him: He is the greatest publisher of the Philippines. He made Philippine newspaper work a noble profession. Through his pUblications he helped the Philippines become known as a progressive country of the East. He is the living example of an industrious, successful man.

ROCES, JR. , AUEJANDRO

Vice-President and General Manager of the T.V.T. Publishing Corporation. Son of Alejandro Roces and Antonia Pardo de Roces, he was born on July 24, 1899, in M~nila.

He gained his publishing experience from his father in the newspaper business. Since 1929 he has occupied his present position. Mr. Roces was educated in the Northwestern Military and Naval Academy in Wis'Consin. He worked for some time with the Denver (Colorado) Post. One of the biggest publishers here, Mr. Roces stamps sincerity and service on his publications.

ROCES, RAMON

Publisher of English and Vernacular Magazines.

Theodore Roosevelt was a rich man's son, but he became one of the illustrious presidents of the United States of America. Ramon Roces is also a rich man's son, but he has become successful, too, being the efficient manager 534

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of the Ram.on Roces Publications, Inc., which edits and publishes the widely read LiwaywOty, Graphic, Hiw'aga and Bisaya.

He was born in Manila on December 9, 1897.

The son of the pioneer Filipino newspaper magnate, owning the largest publishing house in the Orient (The T-V-T), or Don Alejandro Roces, Mr. Ramon Roces is, it seems to many, a very different kind of a business man.

Re goes about his trade in his singular way. But the truth is that he gets done. what he wants.

As a result of the Ramon Roces Publications on Calero Street, this place has become, so to speak, the London Fleet Street of Manila.

Born to lead because of his enterprising spirit, Mr. Roces is the exce{ltion of the fate of rich and great men's soni ... Always making the best of himself and the aptitudes God has given him in order to make of life one grand and noble song, his enterprise is a lasting contribution to the cultural advancement of the Philippin~ Islands.

C. Corporation Executive; Vice-President of the Manila Electric Company, the biggest electric power and transportation corporation in the Philippines, and perhaps in the Far East.

To head a firm like the Meralco which owns tram. ways and motor cars and other subsidiary companies in the city as well as in the provinces, amounting to millions worth of property or assets, is, indeed, a great tribute to a business executive.

Mr. Rockwell is member of the board of directors of the American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines.

He was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, on October 4, 1881.

He is a B.S.E., 1904, Cornell University, New York.

ROCKWELL, JAMES

535

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES The secret of the achievement of this great corporation executive is based on this business philosophy: "Knowing everything about something, not something about everything."

RODAS, SOTERO

Judge, Court of First Instance. He is 49 years old.

He was Assistant City Fiscal of Manila from 1920 to 1934, and on November 12, 1934, he was appointed Judge-atLarge. He is now a regular District Judge, Court of First Instance, qriental Misamis.

RODRIGUEZ, BUENAVENTURA

Assemblyman from the Seventh District of Cebu and Agriculturist. He was born in Bogo, Cebu, on July 14, 1893. He studied first in the Ateneo de Manila, later in the National University where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts. After eight years consecrated to writing, he dedicated himself to agriculture. He presented himself in 1931 as candidate for representative, first district, and triumphed. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Cebu.

RODRIGUEZ, CELESTINO

Assemblyman from the First District of Cebu, and Lawyer. Mr. Rodriguez was born in Bogo, Cebu, on May 15, 1872. He was educated in the Ateneo de Manila up to 1892, the year when he graduated as Bachelor of Arts. He went to Europe to take the law course in the Universidad de Barcelona and Universidad Central de Madrid where he graduated as Licenciado en Derecho in 1900.

During the Revolution in the Philippines, a revolutionary committee was formed in Madrid and Mr. Rodriguez acted as secretary. He transferred later to Hongkong and formed part of the central revolutionary committee. In 536

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1902, he returned to his province, took the bar examinations, established himself in Cebu and practiced his profession for some time, as one of the first licensed Filipino lawyers. In 1904 he was elected municipal president of Cebu. Two years later, he went back to Europe with a broken health due to his complicated work. On his arrival for the second time from Europe, he was elected Deputy in 1907 to the First Philippine Assembly. In 1916 he was again elected, this time as Senator for the province of Cebu.

In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman, representing the first district of Cebu, to the National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Mr. Rodriguez is also an agriculturist. His mission in life is always "to serve my country."

B. Writer and Assistant Director, National Library of the Philippines.

"The establishment of municipal libraries to serve as continuation schools where trained librarians could guide or direct the many who have missed their education, so that by reading and self-study these can catch up with those who attended the school,"-this is, according to Mr. Eulogio B. Rodriguez, Assistant Director of the National Libr~ry of the Philippines, "our immediate need; because rare minds that taught themselves by self-study and conscious efforts are equally worthy of consideration with those who are attending the schools."

Mr. Rodriguez was born on September 10, 1893, at Orani, Bataan. Working in the National Library since 1914 and passing through successive steps of promotion from library apprentice to his present position, Mr. Rodriguez was pensioned by the Philippine Government to study Library Science, specializing also in legislative and municipal reference works at the University of Wisconsin RODRIGUEZ, EULOGIO

537

ENC楼CLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES where he obtained his M.A. degree and his Library Science certificat~.

In 1921-22 he was detailed as Acting Director to the Press Bureau, 路Washington, D. C., by the Independence Commission.

It was in 1923 when he visited the libraries of Europe for five months, studying the functions of the British Museum, Bibliotheque Nationale de Paris, Louvre Museum of Paris, Musee de Gravin, Museum of the Palace of Versailles, Berlin Library and Berlin National Museum.

In 1923-1924, Mr. Rodriguez was a legislative researcher of the Department of Justice; 1924-1928, Filipiniana Division, Philippine Library and Museum; 1928, Assistant Director; and 1928-1929, Acting Director. While in the United States, he worked as a legislative researcher in the Library of Congress and in the Wisconsin and Maryland state legislatures and studied the organizations and functions of the New York Library and other libraries and museums of America.

The academic degrees of Mr. Rodriguez are: A.B., Univecrsity of the Philippines, 1916; Library Science Certificate and M.A., University of Wisconsin, 1920; LL.B., National University, Washington D.C., 1922. While a university student he won the Villamor Prize for provincial history competition on "The History of Bataan Province"; as well as the Mercado Prize on the "Contribution of the Filipino Secular Clergy to Philippine Culture."

He is an active researcher and writer on Philippine history, culture, science and literature. He traveled around the world for study and observation.

Mr. Rodriguez is, with C. E. Russell, the author of The Hero of the Philippines, published by the Century Co. of New York in 1923, and member of the American Library Association, the University of Wisconsin Alumni Library Association and the Philippine Columbian Association.

538

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Rodriguez, a contributor to this Encyclopedia, firmly believes that the Library serves as the people's continuation school.

RODRIGUEZ, EULOGIO M.

Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, Business Executive and Agriculturist He began as a zacate and firewood contractor with the American soldiers in the Mariquina Valley, until his business grew and he was able to establish four bars and become a contractor ' on a bigger scale with Fort McKinley under the military government in the Philippines.

Mr. Rodriguez was elected municipal president of Mariquina in 1919 and reelected to the same post in 1910 and 1912, serving as such until 1916; for his record stands clear as a good executive. Running as governor of the province of Rizal in 1916, he was elected to the post up to 1919; again he was elected goverl'lor of his province in 1922; this only demonstrated that he is a capable executive.

As governor, he applied himself to work for the general betterment of his province, especially his own municipality, now the admiration and praise of the people of Rizal.

It was in July, 1923, when he was appointed Mayor of the City of Manila by Governor-General Leonard Wood.

He held this office until November 17th of that year. On January 21, 1924, he was appointed Representative for Nueva Vizcaya, under the provisions of Section 16 of the Organic Act of August 29, 1916. He resigned in order to run for representative for the second district of Rizal and was duly elected at the polls in 1925.

Mr. Rodriguez has also devoted some of his time to farming, as he has extensive estates in Montalban, San Mateo and Pasig, for he is very fond of farming and a great believer in the economic development of his country.

539

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In November, 1929, Mr. Rodriguez, Mr. L. R. Aguinaldo, Mr. W. Trinidad and others organized the first Filipino bonding company in the Philippines, the Luzon Surety Company, Inc., with native capital, also dealing in fire insurance. He has besides a stor~ dealing in fire-arms and sporting goods on A venida Rizal.

During the elections of 1931 Mr. Rodriguez ran for representative for the second district of Rizal and was elected. This showed again his constructive influence over his people and the confidence reposed in him by his province.

Mr. Rodriguez, the son of Petronilo Rodriguez and Monica Adona, was born on March 21, 1883, at Montalban, Rizal. He studied in a private school in his home town and entered San Juan de Letran where he obtained his A. B. degree. He studied law for two years in a private school, and that was all his education, for he is a man who made is own way in life.

A man rich in executive experience and brilliant in public service, and a rare combination of politician and business man and farmer, Mr. Rodriguez says: "In my humble opinion there is no field better for our young men than the business one. .. Our country needs more business men for her economic developm:ent. See the present status of business in the Philippines. Most of it is in the hands of foreigners; there are very few Filipinos in it.

Business leaders-we need them! Countries where nationals lead in business produce progressive people. Having business in their own hands, not in foreigners', they become more prosperous. The world judges a country's capability by its agriculture, industry and business development . . . Therefore, I ~m in favor of having more business men than professionals. We need not only education in ousiness but also honesty, activity, and perseverance.

540

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Having' these, I see no reason why anyone should not succeed in life's business."

RODRIGUEZ, MAXIMO

Provincial Governor of Tayabas. Sariaya, Tayabas, is his hom.e town, where he was born 61 years ago. He studied in the Ateneo de Manila. His studies were interrupted when the Revolution broke out. When civil government under the United States flag was established, he became municipal treasurer of Sariaya. Later on he was twice elected municipal president. With this as a political beginning, he was elected provincial governor of Tayabas.

During his incumbency many public works and improvements were unQ,ertaken.

F. THEO. Journalist and Business Manager, the Philippines Free Press. He was born on December 25, 1882, in Boston, Massachusetts, U. S. A. Educated in Boston, Massachusetts, Mr. Rogers' life is very colorful. He came to the Philippines in 1899 with Generals Otis and MacArthur.

Since then, he has been engaged in business, secretarial work and other affairs. He has been also a teacher in the Bureau of Education. Thinking himself not fitted to his former jobs, he joined the Philippines Free Press in 1908.

He is there up to this time. Because of his untiring efforts to promote the Castilian tongue in the Philippines and Spanish-Philippine relations, he was awarded honorary membership by the Casino Espanol, an exclusive society of the Spanish Community in Manila. Mr. Rogers is the only American so honored by this distinguished community of Spanish-Filipino citizens. He is a great traveler who believes that travel is one of the happiest educators in life, for he is a man of the world. His philosophy of life is "So much to do, so little done."

ROGERS,

541

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ROLDAN, ARSENIO

Judge of the Third Branch of the Municipal Court of the City of Manila. Judge Roldan is a native of Navotas, Rizal, and was born in the year 1893. He first joined the government as a law clerk on April 1, 1918. He was law clerk in the City Fiscal's Office on September 1, 1922, clerk in the Department of Justice on March 16, 1923; Reference Librarian in the Philippine National Library on November 17, 1924; and Probation Officer of the Public Welfare Commission on March 1, 1925. He received his appointment to his present position on December 1, 1925.

E. Assemblyman from the Second District of N egros Oriental and Lawyer.

He was born in BaSs, N egros Oriental, on March 3, 1897. He studied in the pablic school of Tanjay, in 1904, and at the Silliman Institute of Dumaguete in 1905.

From 1908 to 1913 he studied in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental. In 1915 he graduated from the Manila High School. He entered later the University of the Philippines and obtained in 1917 the degree of Assocjate in Arts; and the College of Law, U. P., where he received in 1922 the degree of Bachelor of Laws.

Assemblyman Romero won the Quezon prize in the Oratorical Contest at the University of the Philippines and the Free Press prize in the Literary Contest. He was Director of the Rising Philippines and National Weekly, from 1917 to 1920. In 1922 he was named Delegate to the World Congress of Catholic Men in China. In 1925 he was elected member of the Provincial Meeting in N egros Oriental and Provincial Manager in the campaign for collection of funds. He is proprietor of the Oriental N egros Chronicle. In 1931 he was elected representative for the second district of Oriental N egros, elected Delegate to the ROMERO, JOSE

542

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Constitutional Convention in 1934, and in 1935, Assemblyman from Negros Oriental. He is the Floor Leader of the National Assembly.

ROMUALDEZ, MIGUEL

Lawyer. He was born in Dagami, Leyte, on September 29, 1881. At the age of 11, he entered the Ateneo de Manila and later the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. In 1899, he was named official of the Revolutionary Army under General Vicente Lukban. From 1904 to 1908, he was Municipal President of Tolosa, Leyte. In 1908 he was named Justice of the Peace of the same town of Tolosa up to November 19, 1911. He finished his law studies and passed the bar examinations in 1911. He has been practising his profession since then. He was elected member of the Third Philippine Legislature; also appointed Mayor of the City of Manila. He is now practising his profession in Manila.

ROMUALDEZ, NORBERTO

Lawyer, Researcher, and Jurist. Born in Burawen, Leyte, on June 6, 1875, he is son of Daniel Romualdez and Trinidad Lopez. He is A.B., 1897; D.C.L., 1921. He was admitted to the Philippine Bar in 1903. Justice Romualdez was clerk of the Court of First Instance of Leyte, 19011903; Prosecuting Attorney or Fiscal, Leyte, 1906-1910; Assistant City Attorney, Manila, 1910-1911; Associate Judge, Court of Land Registration, 1911-1913; Judge, Court of First Instance, 15th District, 1913-1914; Judge, 22nd District, 1914-1919; Delegate to the Postal Convention, Madrid, Spain, 1920; Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands, 1921-1932. Justice Romualdez belongs to the Knight of Columbus. He is author of A Bisayan Grammar, 1908; The Tagbanrwa Alphabet, 1914; Philippine Ortog'raphy, 1918; Psychology of the Filipinos, 543

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1934, and Filipino Airs and Music of L.ong Ago, and besides contributor to the Encyclopedia of the Philippines, 19351936. He was also Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

N ow a practising attorney, he is mem.ber of the Academia Filipina, Balagtasiana, and other foreign learned institutions. His philosophy of life is-"I want to be . useful to humanity."

P. Writer and Business Executive-Foremost Filipino Journalist in English.

Mr. Romulo was formerly Editor of The Tribune and Manager of the TVT (Tribune-La Vanguardia-Taliba) Publications. Sbn of Gregorio and Maria (Perra) Romu10, he was born in Camiling, Tarlac, on January 14, 1899.

After finishing the high school he attended the University of the Philippines where he obtained his A. B. degree in 1918; and entered Columbia University where he got his M. A. degree in 1921, majoring in comparative literature. He married Virginia Llamas, ex-Carnival queen, in r924.

Mr. Romulo was associate editor of The Citizen, 1919; associate editor of The Philippines Herald, 1922, and editor in 1927; and later editor of The Tribune until 1934. He is now the Publisher and Vice-President of the D-M-H-M (Debate-Mabuhay-Herald-Monday Mail) Publications.

As an educator, he was assistant professor in English, University of the Philippines, then associate professor and acting head of the English Department, 1924-1928; and professorial lecturer in American literature, 1928.

As an eloquent speaker, he was the manager of the undefeated U. P. Debating Team which won fame abroad in 1928.

ROMULO, CARLOS

544

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He was president of the Rotary Club and the Gridiron, the Philippine Columbian Association; regent and one of the most disth1guished alumni, University of the Philippines, and publicity director, Independence Misson.

Mr. Romulo is the famous author of such plays, as Daughters for Sale, Sons for Sale, Juli and Other Plays, and Rizal, a Chronicle Play; and Better English, and College Compositi'on, besides numerous poems and essays.

Bright and enterprising and the only Filipino writer and business executive, Mr. Romulo is certainly a living example of his ruling guide in life-"The best lessons a man can learn are from his own mjstakes," a philosophic gem which will illumine the path of everyone struggling for success and' happiness.

In 1936 he was conferred the degree of LL.D., together with President F. D. Roosevelt, by the famous Notre Dame University o:t thE!! United States of America.

ROOSEVELT, FRANKLIN DELANO

President, United States of America. Born in Hyde Park, New York, on January 30, 1882, he is son of James and Sara (Delano) Roosevelt. He attended the Harvard University where he obtained his A.B. in 1904, and the Columbia University where he finished his study of law in 1907. He was immediately admitted into the New York Bar, and from 1907 to 1910, was assistant in the law office of Carter Ledyard and Milburn. In 1924 he became the senior partner in the Roosevelt and O'Connor law firm.

He was elected to the Senate of New York in 1910, and from 1913 to 1920, was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy.

He was Governor of New York for two terms, 1929-1933.

In the 1933 presidential elections, he was elected President of the United States of America under the Democratic ticket.

545

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In the United States participation in the Great War, Mr. Roosevelt was in charge of the inspection of the U. S. Naval forces in European waters from JUly to September, 1918, and of the demobilization in Europe from January to February, 1919.

President Roosevelt is a Mason and belongs to the Episcopalian Church. He is a trustee of Vassar College, St. Stephen's College, Cornell University, Woodrow Wilson Foundation and the Seamen's Institute. He is President of the Boy Scout Foundation of New York City, member, Naval History Society, New York History Society, Holland Society, Alpha Delta Phi, and Phi Betta Kappa. Editors of America and Europe consider him as one of the best administrators in the world.

A. Assemblyman from the First Distr ict of Sorsogon, Businessman and Agriculturist. He was born in Bulan, Sorsogon, on June 6, 1892, and was educated at the Colegio Filipino, 1901-1909, Bachelor of Arts. Assemblyman Roque was in 1914-1915, Deputy Provin.cial Assessor, province of Sorsogon; 1915-1916, Municipal Secretary, Bulan, Sorsogon; 1917-1918, Chief Provincial Assessor, Sub-Province of Masbate. He was in 1935 elected Assemblyman. from the first district of Sorsogon to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

ROQUE, NORBERTO

ROSA, FABIAN DE LA

Director, School of Fine Arts, University of the Philippines, and Noted Painter.

"The Dean of Filipino Painters" is well known here and abroad. His works Kundiman and Portrait have established his name among the great painters of the country.

546

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Born in Paco, Manila, in 1869, Don Fabian is the son of poor parents. But his life belongs to those poor boys who have become famous.

Early inclined toward art, Mr. de la Rosa, at the age of ten began sketching landscapes and portraits. He at~ tended a school of fine arts in Intramuros under Saez and Rocha. In those early years, he studied the methods of local and foreign artists until feeling dissatisfied he tried to create his own.

In 1908 he went to Europe as a pensionado of La Germinal. He stayed in Genoa and then in Paris for over a year, where he acquired broader training and experience.

Mr. de la Rosa was awarded a gold medal at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 for his La Siembra de Palay (Planting Rice). As an artist of well known figures) he painted the pictures of Eugenio del Saz Orozco, Eliza Ipar~ raguirre, William ll. Taft, and Florentino Torres. As a landscape painter he has executed numerous Paisajes.

In Europe he was a pupil of Baschet and a student at Julien~s School, one of the most noted schools of paint~ ing in Paris. From such masters he gained more refinement and insight; and his creations which contain his own style and mastery won admiration.

For many years he was professor of the School of Fine Arts, and later director of said institution until the present time.

Mr. de la Rosa sent his paintings abroad. In the Panama-Pacific Exposition in 1915 he received a medal for his works. Also at the exposition in Brazil in 1911 he was awarded honorable mention.

In the famous Museo de Arte Moderno in Madrid, there are only two paintings by Filipinos; one is the Muerte de Cleopatra by Luna and the other Una Calle de Tondo by de la Rosa.

547

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES As a model in modern art his Study is unique, combining the experience and feelings of years. But his Portrait deserves special commendation, for it certainly has made his name known in the art circle of Europe, a portrait so astonishingly expressive that Les Artistes D'Aujourd'hui and La Revue Moderne of Paris praised him and made him a talk in the salons, calling it a "well executed work, powerful, based on well-established values, very lively in expression and color," showing a technique of no school but his own, revealing himself as a great portrait painter, a master arriving at the height of his career, like Guido Reni in his Beatriz Cenci and da Venci in his La Gwconda.

While .in Europe Don Fabian traveled extensively.

He was a friend of the late Primo de Rivera and was offered a royal decoration by lUng Alfonso. His painting of the Roman ruins is str iking.

At his private atelier on Calle Carpena, one can see Mr. Fabian de la Rosa, the painter, at work. He speaks English, Spanish and French fluently. One can see there his latest work, Reprens~on Maternal, also his retouched Kundiman, and his Modern Model and his Portrait, the results of years of careful training and painstaking work and deep thinking. (See Vol. IV, Art, E.P.) "Painting is a jealous art," he said. "In order that one may db something worth while, he must decide to be an artist, not an artisan. To be an artist, live, study and work as such. Devote years, a whole life, to it ... That is, if you feel, if you have the urge, cultivate it. Continue as a painter and then perhaps the time will come when the world will understand the poor artist's dreams."

ROSA, MARIANO DE LA

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twentieth Judicial District, Samar.

548

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He is 53 years old. He received his appointment to the Judiciary on Decemher 2, 1924. He was Auxiliary Judge from 1924 to 1929. He has been District Judge since 1929.

A. Provincial Governor of Agusan. He was born in Butuan, Agusan, on February 16, 1890, the son of Regino Rosales and Eleuteria Atega. He received his early education in a Spanish school and later in the Surigao High School where he graduated as valedictorian of his class in un 0. After graduation he was appointed teacher at N asipit, Butuan, Agusan, in 1910, and later Principal of the Butuan Elementary School until 1914. He was traveling deputy of the Provincial Treasurer of Agusan, and municipal treasurer of Butuan for three years. Governor Rosales resigned from the government service in 1918 to engage in business. He became a merchant and a lumber man, transacting business in a big scale with firms in Cebu, Iloilo, and Manila in lumber, hemp, copra, and split rattan.

In 1928 he became third member of the Provincial Board of Butuan. He has been elected Provincial Governor of Agusan since 1931.

ROSALES, JOSE

ROSARIO, AMADO DEL

Deputy Commissioner of Civil Service. The son of Lorenzo del Rosario and Florentina Tinoco, he was born in Manila, on September 19, 1897. He graduated from the Manila High School as valedictorian of his class in 1915, and studied in the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines, but quit for lack of means.

Upon reaching the prescribed age of 18 he competed in the first grade civil service examination and was appointed in the Exam,ining Division in November, 1915. Afterwards he was promoted to Chief Examiner of the Bureau of Civil 549

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Service in April, 1923, the first Filipino to hold the position, and then appointed on account of his efficient work, Assistant Director of Civil Service, now called Deputy Commis!::ioner of Civil Service, in 1924. Mr. del Rosario graduated, with honors, from the National Law College in March, 1923, and obtained second place in the bar examinations of the same year. He also passed the senior bookkeeper examination in 1917 and the departmental assistant examination for division superintendents of schools in 1918.

Mr. del Rosario is member of the Philippine Columbian and Philippine Bar associations. He is also a writer of delightful essays.

ROSARIO, LUIS DEL

Bishop of Zamboanga. Reverend del Rosario is a Jesuit priest. He is now bishop of the Diocese of Zamboanga which comprises Cotabato, Davao, Sulu, Zamboanga and portion of Lanao. Rev. del Rosario has devoted, and is still wise~y devoting, his life to the Christianization of the Islands.

V. DEL Director, School of Pharmacy of the University of the Philippines. He was botn in Manila, on December 7, 1869.

He obtained the A.B. degree from the Letran College, 1884; Lic. Pharmacy, University of Sto. Tomas, 1890; Phar.D., University of Madrid, 1893; S.M., University of Chicago, 1909; University of Marburg, Germany, 1914; M.D., University of Santo Tomas, 1916. He was Assistant Pharmacist, Cholera Hospital, 1888-1889; Laboratory Assistant, University of Santo Tomas, 1889; Director of Laboratory, University of Santo Tomas, 1890; Professor of Physics, Liceo de Manila, 1900; Assistant Chemist, Municipal Laboratory, Manila, 1900-1902; Professor, Biological Chemistry, University of Sto. Tomas, 1909; Assistant Professor, Philippine Medical School, 1906; Associate Professor, UniROSARIO, MARIANO

550

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES versity of the Philippines, 1916; Delegate to the U. S. Pharmaceutical Convention, 1930. Member of the Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas, he is also a charter member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. Dr. del Rosario was recipient of the scholarships (Matricula de Honor), University of Madrid, 1890, and University of Chicago, 1904-1908.

ROSAURO, MARIANO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Second District, Isabela.

He was first appointed to the Judiciary on April 1, 1923. Previous to his appointment, Judge Rosauro held the following positions: Provincial Governor of Bataan, 1910; Provincial Fiscal of Tarlac, 1914-1920; Provincial Fiscal of Cebu, 1920-1923; Auxiliary Judge, 1923-1933.

He is 58 years old.

ROSENSTOCK, CHRISTIAN WILLIAM

Business Executive and Social Worker. Born in Salem, Oregon, U. S. A., March 16,1880, he married Ada May Chesmore, 1898; has three daughters, Wanda Dolores, Dorothy May and Virginia Eveline.

Mr. Rosenstock came to the Philippines in Novem.ber, 1900; established Rosenstock' s Manila City Directory in 1903; extended his Directory to cover Hongkong and China; was partner in Bulletin Publishing Company and Manager of Manila Daily Bulletin from 1903 to 1906; Manager, Cablenews American in 1907; President and General Manager, Yangco, Rosenstock & Co., Inc.; President, Rosenstock & Co., Inc., and Vice:.President, Philippine Education Co., Inc. At present he is President, Commonwealth Sales Co., Inc., and Secretary-Treasurer, Paracale Gold Mining Co., Inc.; Member, Elks Club, Army & Navy Club, Polo Club, 551

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Baguio Country Club;. Past Grand Master, Grand Lodge F. & A. M. of the Philippine Islands; Captain, Reserves, U. S. Army.

This old timer and builder of the Philippine says"The Philippine Islands should be the richest and most productive country in the Orient." To this founder of the Manila City Directory all the paths of glory lead to service.

ROVIRA, LEOPOLDO

Judge of the Court of First Instance of Rizal, Sala I. He is 58 years old. Before his appointment to the Judiciary, he held the following positions in the government: Registrar of Deeds, Oriental Negros, 1904-1907; Provincial Fiscal of Bohol, 1909-1912; Acting Provincial Fiscal of Oriental Negros, 1917; Member of the Provincial Board, Oriental Negros, 1919; and Acting Provincial Fiscal, Oriental Negros, 1920. On March 20, 1924, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge, and later District Judge in 1926, and Judge of the Court of First Instance, Eighth Judicial District, Cavite. In 1936, he was transferred to the Court of First Instance of Rizal, Sala I. ROXAS GARGOLLO, ANTONIO

Business Executive, General Manager of the Roxas and Company. Scion of one of the pioneers in sugar industry, he was born in Manila, on April 5, 1906, son of Antonio R. Roxas de Ayala and Carmen Gargollo. He was educated in the La Salle College in Madrid and in the Notre Dame University in Indiana, with Ph.B. degree. After finishing his course in Commerce, he returned to the Philippines to take charge of the family estate and manage the family business. Mr. Roxas is vice-president of the San Miguel Brewery, and Manager of the Central Azucarera de Don Pedro, and trustee, Philippine Sugar Association.

552

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ROXAS, BALDOMERO

Physician; Chief, Department of Obstetrics, Philippine General Hospital. Traveler and Friend of Jose Rizal, Dr. Baldom.ero Roxas is "one of the leading citizens of Manila, the Philippines."

He is a man who, through his generosity and help to others, is an example of goodness; a man who, through his carrying on of his distinguished family's tradition, has earned for himself a place of love and respect in the hearts of his countrymen.

Through his generous help, Dr. Rizal was able to practice his profession in the Islands.

Through his ardent patriotism, Dr. Roxas has won the lasting gratitude of the Filipino people.

Through his education in the best European schools and his various travels, Dr. Roxas has become a man of culture, a citizen of the world.

Born in Lipa, Batangas, on February 27, 1868, and son of Capitan Sixto Roxas and Dona Alejandra Luz, he attended a private school in Lipa and then the Ateneo de Manila where he graduated as A. B. in 1885. He enrolled the following year at the University of Santo Tomas in medicine. In his fourth year he was sent by his parents to Europe where he had completed his medical studies in Madrid, Spain, graduating from the Universidad Central de Madrid in 1897, and was intern in the Hospital Provin- . cial de Madrid for two years.

On his return to the Islands he met in Hongkong many Filipino leaders who advised him not to continue his journey home, on account of the persecutions and oppressions of Filipinos by the Spaniards. Undaunted and undismayed, Dr. Roxas continued his voyage just the same and joined the side of his people. In the Filipino army he was major in the South Army under Malvar. His work was tremendous, for there were then but very few physi553

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES cians among the enlightened ones-only Dr. Ramon Papa and Dr. Agaton Cecilio and himself. Thrown into such a turmoil he did all the best he could for his suffering people.

Dr. Roxas was one of the publishers and writers of the, revolutionary paper, Colummas Volantes. The printer was a Spanish prisoner. This press was seized by the Americans. The doctor, however, bought this and donated it to the .National Library and Museum where it is now preserved.

When peace was restored, Dr. Roxas continued the practice of his profession. He was appointed in 1901 police surgeon for the City of Manila and medical examiner of civil service em,ployees and members of the fire department. In 1904 he was appointed member of the Honorary Commission to the St. Louis Exposition. With Messrs.

Singson-Encarnacion, Sumulong, Yriarte and de los Santos, he traveJed for eight months in France, England, Italy, Spain, Germany and other foreign countries.

Dr. Roxas was designated in 1907 professor of obstetrics in lhe College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. N ow he is full professor and head of the department of obstetrics of the College of Medicine and chief of the departm,ent of obstetrics of the Philippine General Hospital. He is also physician, St. Paul's Hospital; visiting physician, St. Joseph's Hospital; President, Minerva Drug Store.

He married Pilar Asuncion in 1910. His children are Pacita and Vicente who are prominent in Manila society.

Dr. Roxas is a member of the P. I. Medical Association (Pr:,esident, 1921), Manila Medical Society, Colegio MedicoFarmaceutico de Filipinas, Academia Hispano-Americano de Ciencias y Artes, Club Filipino and others. At present he is a member of various financial firms in the city. He was also director of the Philippine National Bank, Ma-ao Sugar Central and president of the Isabela Sugar Central.

554

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

He is charter member, National Research Council of the ; Philippines.

A beautiful day it was when Dr. Roxas was seen at his palatial residence located at the corner of Marcelo H. del Pilar and Cortabitarte streets, just facing the scenic Manila Bay. This building, magnificent and imposing, is perhaps the most beautiful and the most artistic residence in 拢he Philippines. In fact, it won first prize in the Manila house contest. A look at the rooms and a saunter in the gardens, accompanied by the genial owner, will at once impress the visitor that here lives a man who has brought with him the artistic, the intellectual treasures of the world, the only things of permanent values.

A. Scientist and Acting Chief, Fish and Game Administration, Bureau of Science. He was born in Mariquina, Rizal, on October 29, 1896. He obtained the degrees of Bachelor of Science from the University of the Philippines in 路1922 and Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Chicago in 1926. He was Assistant Instructor in the University of the Philippines from 1920 to 1922; Instructor in the U.P. Junior College in Cebu from 1922 to 1923; Assistant Professor in the University of the Philippines from 1926 to 1929; and Associate Professor in the same institution from 1930 to 1933. Dr . . Roxas is member of the American Society of Zoologists; American Society for the . Advancement of Science; Sigma Xi; Biological Club, Chicago; Philippine Scientific Society; and Charter member, N ational Research Council of the Philippines. He was Fellow of the University of Chicago, 1923-1926; Fellow of the University of the Philippines, 1923-1926; Fellow of the National Research Council of the United States, 1927; and Fellow of the John Simon Gyggenheim Foundation, 19301931.

ROXAS, HILARW

555

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ROXAS, MAMERTO

Judge of tire Court of First Instance, Twenty-Fourth Judicial District, Agusan and Surigao.

He is 46 years old. He was first appointed to the Judiciary on November 18, 1930. He was Auxiliary Judge from 1930 to 1933, and District Judge since 1933.

ROXAS, MANUEL

Assemblyman from Capiz, Statesman, Orator and Lawyer; Ex-Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippine Islands, a leader of the Filipino people.

He was born on January 1, 1892, in Capiz, Capiz, son of Gerardo Roxas and Rosario Acuna. He married Trinidad de Leon in 1921.

Mr. Roxas is a member of Almas Temple (Mystic Shrine), Racquet Club (Washington, D. C.), Philippine Columbian Association, Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, and Club Filipino.

He was educated at the public schools of Capiz, the Manila High School, and the University of the Philippines, LL. B., 1913. He was once secretary of Chief Justice Cayetano S. Arellano of the Supreme Court of the P. 1., and professor of law, National University.

He came into prominence as a result of his remarkable political career in 1919 as Governor of Capiz. Later he was elected represent2.tive for the first district of Capiz, in 192-2, and then made Speaker of the House, holding this exalted office until 1934.

In the United States with the Philippine Independence Mission, Mr. Roxas worked with others for the granting of freedom to the Islands which saw his birth.

In 1934 he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and in 1935 Assemblyman from Capiz. He is one of the ablest economists of the Commonwealth.

556

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES l\ilr. Roxas was the founder of Ang Bagong Katipunan-~hi1ippinism-"I will strive to live in an unshakeable faith in God, loyal to ideals and principles; and by my example to help keep th,e, soul of the nation aglow with the flame of Liberty and the inspiration of the Almighty."

Luz Scientist, Sugar Technologist, Researcher, Master Farmer. Dr. Manuel Luz Roxas was formerly Director of Plant Industry, acting Director of Science and member, Board of Regents, University of the Philippines.

Born in the town of Lipa, province of Batangas, on July 1, 1888, and the son of Sixto Roxas Panganiban and Alejandra Luz Mitra, Dr. Roxas was educated in a Spanish Elementary School in Lipa, Batangas. He attended the Ateneo de Manila and the Philippine Normal School; then the University of the Philippines, the University of Wisconsin, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

He is the proud bearer of these degrees-Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy.

In 1907 he was private secretary to Speaker Osmefia; in 1914 instructor in Chemistry; in 1919 assistant professor; in 1924 associate professor, and in 1927 professor of Chemistry in the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines. Now he is the Sugar Technologist of the Philippine Sugar Association.

Dr. Roxas has been abroad, in the United States where he studied; in 1925 in British Borneo and in 1929 in Java.

He considers traveling as man's greatest education.

He was Vice-President of the International Association of Sugar Technologists and the Society of Technical Agriculturists, member of the, Fiber Standardization Board, Under-Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, ROXAS, MANUEL

557

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Commissioner of Research, and Acting Director of the Bureau of Science.

Dr. Roxas is a member of the International Association of Sugar Technologists, Philippine Scientific Society, Philippine Columbian Association, Philippine Sugar Technologists Association and the Technical Agriculturists Association, honorary member of Sigma Xi, and Chairman of the National Research Council of the Philippines.

Simple, modest and unassuming, Dr. Roxas is a man of keen perception, an indefatigable researcher, a recognized 路figure in Philippine science.

RUBIN, ANTONIO

Provincial Governor of Bukidnon and Physician. He was born in Nagcarlang, Laguna, on January 17, 1886.

He studied in the Colegio Filipino and in the San Jose de Calasan College, Intramuros. In 1903, he enrolled at the Liceo de Manila, and in 1906 in the Santo Tomas University where he finished Medicine and Surgery. He became President of the Board of Health in N agcarlang, Laguna.

In 1917, he was medical inspector, Philippine Constabulary.

Due to his efficient work, he was made a captain, and later appointed Provincial Governor of Bukidnon in 1922. Governor Rubin has contributed much to the material progress of Bukidnon.

D. Lawyer and Businessman. Mr. Rufino is the General Manager and Treasurer of the Luzon Theatres, Inc. "It was while I was studying commerce when I decided to study law," said Mr. Rufino in his frank and sincere manner.

"I believe that law and commerce should go together.

I have been really inspired by our great lawyers and business men. I want to earn my own living and I also want RUFINO, ERNESTO

558

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES to know my rights. The knowledge of law, I believe, is the key to any success in practical life."

Mr. Rufino was born in the city of Manila on December 11, 1905, son of Macario Rufino and Mercedes Pantangco.

Educated for three years at San Beda College, he also attended La Salle College where he got his A. A. in 1925.

He took up commerce in 1925, and later enrolled at the Philippine Law School where he graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1931, and was admitted to the bar in the same year.

Mr. Rufino married Elvira Baltazar in 1932. Both belong to the elites of the city.

As a stude~t Mr. Rufino was president of the Senior Class of 1931 and vice-president of the Sophomores and Juniors in 1929 and 1930.

Now a practising attorney, Mr. Rufino is also a real estate operator.

His norm of conduct which pushed him much in public as well as in private life is "Do justice to everybody."

A. Lawyer and Realtor. Mr. Vicente A. Rufino was born on May 10, 1902, in the city of Manila, the son of Macario Rufino and Mercedes Pantangco.

He was educated at the San Beda College and later at the La Salle College. He obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree from the College of Law of the National University in 1927. Now he has his office at the Rizal Building, which belongs to him.

Mr. Rufino traveled around the world in 1930, and said, as a passing remark: "Traveling is useful, illustrating, and entertaining, for it makes you know other people and see yourself as others see you."

RUFINQ, VICENTE

559

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES With characteristic broad-mindedness, Mr. Rufino stated, "Although I am a lawyer, still I like the real estate business, because I learned it from my father; besides in this work I find one's capabilities well displayed."

After a serious look and a significant pause, he continued: "What hints could I give to young lawyers about to enter into the world of keen struggles? In my line, I would advise them not to practice alone. . . Have some reputable man or firm back you in your chosen field, suitable to your talents. Of course start from the bottom, gain all the experience you can, both from books and actual life; and then the reward will not be long in coming ...

Back of all this, certainly, you must conduct yourself in deeds and in words as a real gentleman!"

RUlZ, JUAN

Director, Bureau of Posts. The biography of Mr. Ruiz is also short but colorful, having risen from mere clerk to Director of the Bureau of Posts, to which he has given the best years of his life. Modest and unassuming, Director Ruiz speaks little of himself, for he has never given his biography to any reporter. His life, however, is rich with achievement which should inspire the youth of the land to higher enterprises.

N. T. Assemblyman from the Fourth District of Pangasinan and Lawyer. He was born in Alcala, Pangasinan, on September 15, 1898. He studied in the Liceo de Manila, 19111912; Liceo de Manila, Commerce or "Perito Mercantil," 1912-1914; Colegio de San Alberto Magno, Dagupan, Bachelor of Arts, 1915-1917; University of Santo Tomas, Bachelor of Laws, 1917-1921. In 1921 he took the bar examRUPISAN,

560

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES inations and passed. He was elected Assemblyman for Pangasinan, fourth district, in 1935 to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

S. Assistant Director of the Bureau of Commerce. Son of Cornelio Rustia and Dorotea Sison, he was born in Baliuag, Bulacan, on June 1, 1902. He began his studies in the Baliuag Elementary School and then in the Manila High School, where he became valedictorian in 1920. He continued his studies abroad and took up Business Administration in 1923, with honors, and obtained his Master's degree, University of Washington, 1925. He was Philippine Commercial Attache, Seattle, Washington, from 1923 to 1927; Manage'r of New York Commercial Agency of the Philippine Government, from 1927 to 1931; Advertising and Personnel Manager of L. R. Aguinaldo, from 1931 to 1935. At present Jle is Assistant Director of Commerce and at the same time professorial lecturer at the University of the Philippines, Far Eastern University, and University of Manila. His philosophy of life is "Work for the economic welfare of the Philippines."

RUSTIA, MANUEL

SABIDO, PEDRO

Assemblyman from the Third District of Albay and Lawyer. He was born in Polangui, Albay, on October 19, 1894. He studied from 1905 to 1908 in the public schools of Polangui and from 1908 to 1912 in the Seminary College of Naga, Camarines Sur, graduating as Bachelor of Arts.

In the University of Santo Tomas he continued his studies, taking at the same time Law and Philosophy and Letters (LL.B., 1916). In 1922 he was elected representative for Albay. He was reelected in 1925; and again, in 1928.

During the absence of Manuel Briones, he was elected Acting Floor Leader. In 1931 he was elected again. He was 561

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Member of the Parliamentary Mission to the United States, and member also of the Real Academia Espafiola. In 1935 Mr. Sabido was elected Assemblyman from the third district of Albay to the National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

SAGUIN, FLORENTINO A.

Lawyer and Agriculturist. Mr. Saguin was born in Dapitan, Zamboanga, on October 16, 1891, the son of Exequiel Saguin and Pilar Adaza. He finished the courses on commerce in 1908 and surveying in 1911 in the Ateneo de Manila. He also attended the Instituto Burgos and graduated there in 1912. After receiving his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1919 from the Escuela de Derecho and passing the bar, he practiced in Zamboanga. From 1920 to 1922, he served as governor of his province. He has been engaged in farming since 1927. He was organizer of the civic organization A\ng Sidlak in Dapitan and of the Mount Apo Lodge, No. 45, F. & A. M. He was elected Delegate from Zamboanga to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

SALAZAR, ANGEL

Agriculturist. Mr. Salazar, born in Culasi, Antique, on April 27, 1874, and the son of Eulalio Salazar and Emilia Abiera, was educated in the San Juan de Letran College and in the University of Santo Tomas. He was colonel during the Philippine Revolution and engaged in many battles against the Spaniards, especially in Bugasong and Iloilo. He was military commander of Iloilo and provincial chief of Antique during the Filipino-American war; provincial secretary of Antique from 1901 to 1904; provincial governor of the same province from 1904 to 1910; Deputy to the Philippine Assembly from 1909 to 1916; Representative from Antique for one term in the Sixth Legislature.

He was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention 562

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES for Antique in 1934. Today he is member of the provincial board of Antique and also engaged in agricultural pursuits.

SALCEDO, VICTORINO M.

Assemblyman from the Fifth District of Iloilo, Businessman and Agriculturist. He was born on March 6, 1882, in Sara, Iloilo. He studied in the Institute of Molo, Iloilo, from 1896 to 1900, and in the Union College of Hongkong where he finished the 4th year in 1903. He has been Councilor of Sara, Municipal President of Sara, and Repres~ntative for the 5th district of Iloilo in 1919. He was elected Assemblyman in 1935.

H. N. Businessman; Manager of Erlanger & Galinger, Inc. He was born in Winnipeg, Canada, on July 14, 1894. When a student in the University of Minnesota, he joined the U. S. Marines and came to the Islands in 1918 as lieutenant.

Returning to the Archipelago he worked with J. Switzer of the Pacific Commercial Company. Mr. Salet has been with the Erlanger and Galinger since 1920, starting as employee, treasurer and then manager.

SALET,

SALINAS, RAYMUNDO

President, San Beda College. Reverend Salinas belongs to the order of St. Benedict (0. S. B., Abbot) and he is one of the leading educators of Manila secondary schools. The San Beda College, a boarding and day school for boys and young men, was founded in 1901 by the fathers of the Benedictine order, one of the greatest Christianizing forces of Europe. Through the efforts of Father Salinas, the San Beda College has not only become modern but also very progressive.

563

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES SALMON, C. S.

General Agent, Insular Life Assurance, Co., Ltd. Vice-President of the American School, director of the American Guardian Association, and the Union Church Hall; a Mason, a Shriner, an Elk and a Rotarian, Mr. Salmon was born on June 20, 1878, and educated in Hackettstown High School and in the Centernary Collegiate Business Institute; manager of the Pacific Oriental Trading Company in Iloilo from 1902 to 1903; agent of the New York Life from 1903 to 1906; General Agent of the China Mutual Life up to 1910. Afterwards he has been connected with the Insular Life Assurance Company l?ince leaving the other companies. Mr. Salmon is now General Agent of the Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd., for the Philippines and Hawaii.

SALVAD0R, CELEDONIO

Superintendent of City Schools, Manila. Son of ,Apolonio Salvador and Maria Ambrosio, he was born in Naga, Camarines Sur, on March 3, 1890. He obtained his A.B. degree, mU!gna cum laude, from the Indiana University, U. S. A., specializing in educational administration, Phi Beta Kappa, 1922, and Pi Gamma Mu, 1928. He began as a classroom teacher, from 1907 to 1909; elementary school principal, from 1909 to 1911; supervising teacher, from 1911 to 1919; government pensionado, from 1919 to 1922; superintendent of schools of Zambales, from 1922 to 1926; superintendent of schools, Batangas, from 1926 to 1931; superintendent of schools, Rizal, from 1931 to 1936. In 1936, he was designated Superintendent of City Schools in Manila. Mr. Salvador is member of the advisory committee on Community Assemblies created by former GovernorGeneral Theodore Roosevelt, vice-president of the Philippine Association of School Executives, and member of the 564

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Philippine Council on Education. His philosophy of life is the following: "You get something out of life in proportion as you pour something into it yourself."

V. Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and Lawyer. Born on January 15, 1900, and the son of Vicente Sanchez and Severina Villanueva, he was educated in both public and private schools. In 1923 he graduated as Bachelor of Laws from the Philippine Law School of the National University. Before his admission to the Philippine bar he was property clerk in the department of engineering and public works of the city of Manila. He worked in the law firms of Jose Yulo, and Yulo and Revilla, and was elected Delegate from the first district of Batangas to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

SANCHEZ, CONRADO

SANCHO, SANTIAGO C.

Bishop of Nueva Segovia, Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Reverend Sancho is Doctor of Divinity. At present he is bishop of the Diocese of Nueva Segovia, famous during the Spanish regime. This diocese of Nueva Segovia with headquarters at Vigan, Ilocos Sur, comprises the provinces of Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, La Union and Abra. The fruits of his labor shall be a hosanna to God in heaven.

SANCHO, SILVESTRE

Rector and Chancellor, Santo Tomas University. Father Silvestre Sancho, O.P., was born in Encinacorva, Cosaraugusto, Spain, on December 31, 1893, and was educated in the Seminary of Zaragoza, Spain. Entering the Dominican order in 1911 and making his solemn profession in 1912, he came to the Philippines in 1919 and was ordained in the same year in Sto. Domingo and later joined San 565

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Juan de Letran College where he taught and held responsible positions up to the year 1935.

Father Sancho is a holder of Licentiate and Doctor of Theology, University of Santo Tomas, 1923. From 1933 to 1934, Dr. Sancho was rector of San Juan de Letran College. He was also the organizer and first dean of the College of Education of the University of Santo Tomas, 19261934; member of the Sacred Theology Faculty; head of the department of religion, 1933, and director of athletics for many years.

Dr. Sancho is noted for his organizing and executive abilitIes as well as for his eloquence as preacher and orator.

He was national director of the Catholic Action in the Philippines.

Because of his meritorious service, both religious and educational, Dr. Sancho was formally appointed by the Dominican Order in Rome Rector and Chancellor of the Santo Tomas Unive'rsity, founded in 1611 and the oldest institution of learning under the American flag.

SANDIKO, TEODORO

Agriculturist and Businessman. He was born on March 31, 1860, in the town of Pandacan, Manila. His parents were Miguel Sandiko and Maria Paz Santa Ana. He studied the first letters in his home and later in the school of Capitan Manuel de Pandacan. He pursued his first and second year$ in Latin in the school of Vicente Quirino, Pampanga, the third year in the school of Quintin Salvidea, the fourth year in the school of the Jesuits, and the fifth year in the University of Santo Tomas where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts. He took the first and second year~ of the law course in said University. Later on he taught Latin in Malolos. Because of his ideas on reforms, he was pursued by the priests, but was able to escape to Hongkong.

From Hongkong he went to Spain and continued his legal 566

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES career in the Universidad de Madrid. He resided in the capital of Spain for three months, then in Barcelona where he managed La Solidatridad. Not receiving pension from his parents he transferred to Paris, and taught Spanish in European schools. When he learned of the Philippine Revolution in Hongkong, he stayed in the English colony and joined his compatriots in their common struggle for independence. In the Revolutionary Government he held the following positions: Commissioner to General Merritt; Director of the Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores; Secretary of Interior; Colonel of Estado Mayor; Brigadier General of the Philippine Army. General Sandiko was Governor of Bulacan for two terms; manager of two cigar factories, Katupusan and La Paz y Buen Viaje. In 1919 he was elected Senator for the third district of Bulacan.

In 1934 he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and elected Second Vice-President of the same.

He has now retired from public life and lives as a simple citizen of the soil.

SANDOVAL, CLAUDIO

Assemblyman from Palawan and Lawyer. He was born in Binondo, Manila, on January 22, 1900. He studied in the Coron primary and intermediate schools, graduating in the Coron Intermediate School in 1911; secondary course in the Liceo de Manila and Manila High School, graduating in 1918; College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, graduating in 1920, Bachelor of Arts; College of Law, University of the Philippines, graduating in 1924, Bachelor of Laws; Master of Laws, 1926. He was attorney, in the law office of Judge de Joya, up to 1928.

In 1929 he was named attorney for the Radio Corporation of the Philippines up to 1931. In 1931 and 1934 he was elected Representative for Palawan, and in 1935, Assemblyman to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth.

567

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES SANDOVAL, DOMINGO J.

President, Board of Dental Examiners. He was born in Jaro, Iloilo, and educated in the University of Santo Tomas, A.B., 1901, and later in the University of Washington, D.D.S., 1911. He became dentist in the Philippine General Hospital from 1916 to 1919; instructor in the University of the Philippines, 1917; lecturer, 1919; assistant professor and acting director, School of Dentistry, 1919; associate professor and director, 1924; full professor and Director of the School of Dentistry, University of the Philippines, 1927. In 1934, he was elected president of the Philippine Society of Stomatologists. He is associate member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands.

SANTAMARIA, JR., FRANCISCO

Businessman and Proprietor of Cinema Theatres.

The son of Judge Francisco Santamaria and Maxima Bustamante, Mr. Santamaria was born on October 3, 1898, in Manila.

He studied at the Cavite public school and continued at the Manila High School, graduating in 1919, and later entered the University of the Philippines, College of Liberal Arts, obtaining his A. A. and then his B. S. C. degrees in 1923.

Mr. Santamaria gained his commercial experience while working with the Yokohama Specie Bank and then he joined the Lyric Film Exchange, Inc., in 1926, as a stockholder and a member of the board of directors.

Realizing that there are too many professional people and very few commercial ones, he decided to be a business man in order to help in the economic development of the country, "Most of our business is in the hands of foreigners. Such is a sad story for us, and that is why I 568

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES think now is the best time to begin and develop our own trade and commerce."

Seen at his office, where he is surrounded most of the time by people of various affairs and where he directs his intricate enterprises, he said tensely but thoughtfully: "Our young people ought to be engaged in business.

The field is not crO'wded. There do your best and you'll succeed if you persist ... " SANTIAGO, BASILIO S.

Provincial Treasurer of Bulacan. The son of Agapito Santiago and Maria de Silva, he was born on June 26, 1885, in San Miguel, Bulacan. At the age of seven he entered a Spanish public school and later transferred to a private school. In 1899 he resumed his studies and entered the first English school in San Isidro in 1900. In April, 1906, while he was a teacher, he took the examination for the completion of the intermediate course and passed it. While serving as an Internal Revenue Clerk in the office of the PrDvincial Treasurer of Nueva Edja, he took the surveying and mapping cO'urses of the International Correspondence Schools of ScrantDn, Pennsylvania.

He was awarded Certificate of Public AccDuntant in 1927.

Having passed the Civil Service examinatiO'n for Filipino Insular Teacher in 1904, he was given temporary appointment as teacher in San IsidrO' Central SChODI in 1905. He tDDk the secO'nd grade Civil Service English examinatiDn. .

In 1907, he was ~ppDinted Internal Revenue Clerk in San IsidrO', Nueva Ecija. As Internal Revenue Clerk, he was designated at the same time as Traveling Deputy. In 1912 he was appointed BDokkeeper and in 1914 prDmoted to Administrative Deputy and later Acting Chief Clerk and Deputy. He tODk the Civil Service examinatiDn for Assistant Provincial Treasurer so he became Chief Clerk and Deputy in La UniDn, Capiz, Leyte, IlDilD, and Pangasinan.

.

569

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In 1920 he was appointed City Treasurer of Baguio and in the same year promoted to the position of Provincial Treasurer of La Union. In 1925, he was transferred to the province of Ilocos Sur, and in 1933, to the proviJllce of Bulacan where he is at present stationed.

SANTIAGO, FRANCISCO

Composer of Kundiman, Philippine native music, and Director of the Conservatory of Music of the University of the Philippines.

The son of Felipe Santiago and Maria Santiago, he was born at Sta. Maria, Bulacan, in 1889.

He married Concepcion Ocampo, and they have four children. Mr. Santiago is the composer of the "Kundiman," popular all over the Islands, a song that makes one recall the dark days that are gone and think of the rosy days that are to come. For it caught vividly the very soul of the country's hopes, struggles, and aspirations.

He studied in the public schools and later pursued his musical education abroad, entering the American Conservatory of Music, Chicago University, Chicago, Ill., where he obtained his Bachelor and Master of Music degrees.

He is the first Filippino to receive the degree of Doctor of Music, conferred by the Chicago Musical College, Chicago, Illinois.

"When I was a boy, my parents objected to my taking music as a career, but it was my natural bent. I had an uncle, a great violinist, there in the country. He used to take me along with him and do some jaranas or serenades at the .age of six and I loved it. As I have a voice I used to sing in churches and also in public schools."

With his unkempt hair, his careless dressing and his dream~ eyes and his face, like a mad poet's, his appearance is that of a genius, created by a Raphael.

570

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES The composer-pianist said that what makes a man of his temperament produce such beautiful kundimans areinspiration, quietness of life, and devotion to art. And what could that "inspiration" be but a woman, perhaps!

H~ has also composed marches and waltzes.

"The greatest moment of my life," he continued, "was when I won the hymn prize for the first Eucharistic Congress in 1929 at the Cathedral in the solemn presence of high church dignitaries and government officials. I consider that honor I won in my country more significant than the honor I received in Chicago, my Doctor of Music degree.

"As to my favorite pieces, I certainly love Kundiman and PakiJusap, while Concerto in B Flat Minor is, of course, my masterpiece." He said furthe.r, "In America one can always get better music talents or teachers than in Europe, provided one pays the fees because the talents of the world go there! It is the metropolis!"

And the Director of the Conservatory of Music, after revealing the secrets of his heart, began to hum an un¡ recorded kundiman, kundiman only known to men and women who have lived and tasted sorrow, loved and felt happiness!

SANTIAGO, JOSE MOSSESGELD (Santiago-Font) The Philippines Foremost Baritone. He was born in San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan, on April 14, 1893. His parents are Simon M. Santiago and Rosa Font. He was educated at the Ateneo de Manila, A.B., March, 1911; and took two years of law at Santo Tomas University. He studied music under Donato Cajili and Simplicio Solis, violin under Bibiano Morales, singing under Ferdinando Avedano and Romano Romani in San Francisco, California, and New York City. Mr. Santiago was formerly Dean of the Faculty of Music, Ateneo de Manila; Vocal Teacher; and Member of the Roxy Theater Ensemble in New York

•

571

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES City for three years. He was winner of the Caruso Scholarship American Foundation for the years 1930 and 1931 in New York City. He went to Italy on June 27, 1931, and made his operatic debut in the Teatro Comunale of Trieste in Wagner's Opera Go terdamm erung , the first Filipino to sing at Teatro Alla Scala of Milan; San Carlo of Naples; Teatro Colon of Buenos Aires; Liceo of Barcelona.

During his five years of operatic career, from January 5, 1931, to February 25, 1936, he appeared in Teatro Alla Scala, Milan; San Carlo of Naples, Naples; Teatro Reggie, Turin; Teatro La Fenice, Venice; Teatro Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Teatro Municipale, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Teatro Sandor, Montevideo, Uruguay; Teatro Donizetti, Bergamo, Italy; Teatro Comunale, Trieste, Italy; Teatro Bellini, Catani, Italy; Teatro Sociale, Mantova, Italy; Teatro Petrarca, Arezzo, Italy; T'eatro Civio, Merano, Italy; Teatro Littoriale, Noto, Italy; Tournee of all leading Theaters in Holland in the following cities: Den Hagg, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Uitrecth, Leiden, Delft, Alkmar, Hoorn, Silversoom; Tour of United States and Canada: New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Montreal, Buffalo, Albany, Schenectady, Springfield, Mass., Harrisburg, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Scranton, Baltimore, Washington, D. C. He returned to the Islands in 1936. His philosophy of life is: "Don't let disappointment weaken your spirit and ambition.

To win success you must work hard, with tenacity and discipline. Don't let adulation spoil your work and success."

C. President of the Philippine Association of

SANTO TOMAS, ENRIQUE

Engineer.

Civil Engineers.

This is the age of youth; youth which always gives something new and different, something fresh and bold, for the youth of today shall be the leaders of tomorrow.

572

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Proficiency in mathematics was the factor in his having chosen engineering as his life profession. He stands very high in his calling. Behind him is a page of engineering achievement.

Engineer Enrique C. Santo Tomas began from the bottom of the ladder in his career. Step by step, it is said, the ladder is ascended.

He supervised the construction of the Heacock and Santos buildings, some of the fine edifices of the city. He constructed the refrigeration and insulation works of the Royal Extension edifice, the insulation of the Magnolia Ice Tank and the 1. de Santos Cold Storage rooms. He designed the Dagupan Ice Plant and Storage and its construction was also entrusted to him.

The designer and supervisor of the Cortes-Ochoa Building and Miramar Apartments, Mr. Sto. Tomas is at the same time Consulting Engineer for Cortes Brothers. Constantly referred to him are jobs in insulation and refrigeration.

Very recently, Mr. Santo Tomas designed and supervised the construction of St. Paul's Novitiate Building in New Manila, also chapels and residences, the most notable of which are the beautiful Felix Cortes residence in New Manila and that of Salvador Araneta in Mandaluyong.

A very quiet man but a very great worker, Mr. Sto. Tomas has that engaging trait in him which makes him that kind. of man who can, through close observation and intimate knowledge of the world, come out triumphant in the long run.

"To give up in the battle of life is to gain nothing and lose everything, but to go on and work hard is to reap the fruit of your efforts."

That is, if you would like to come out victorious in this world, you must lead and must not follow!

573

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Had Mr. Sto. Tomas, the Civil Engineer, followed and not led, he would not have been as he is now the prominent designer and builder of fine and famous residences.

SANTOS, ALFONSO

Judge at Large, Department of Justice.

He is 47 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Provincial Fiscal successively in the following provinces: Palawan, 1920-1924; Mountain Province, 1924-1927; !locos Norte, 1927-1929; and Nueva Ecija, 1929-1934. On November 12, 1934, he was appointed to his present position.

B. Lawyer and Proprietor. He was born in San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulaean, on August 7, 1877. He studied the first, second and third years of the secondary course in the school of the Rev. P. Mariano Sevilla, enroling later in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he finished the fourth year of the secondary course. Continuing his studies in the University of Santo Tomas of Manila, he took preparatory and first year Medicine, at the same time the first year in Philosophy and Letters, and then transferred to the study of law. He possesses the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Licenciado en Derecho. He was admitted to the practice of law in the Islands in 1907. He took part in the Revolution against Spain under Colonel Pablo Tecson as well as in the Revolution against America. He was Councilor and Justice of the Peace of San Miguel de Mayutno for more than a year; Inspector of the Census in the province of Bulacan; member of the School Committee of the same province; member of the Comite de Mejoras of Sibul by appointment of Governor General Forbes; and president of the Comite de Pesquerias y Nipales in the Agricultural Congress in 1918. He was elected in 1919 SANTOS, C1RILO

574

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Representative for the second district of Bulacan. In 1928, he was again elected Representative for Bulacan. He is one of the leading men of his province.

SANTOS, EXEQUlEL M.

Lawyer and Agriculturist. Mr. Santos was born in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, son of Inocencio de los Santos and Victoria Macapagal. He studied in the public schools of Cabanatuan, and in the Nueva Ecija High School, and graduated as Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws in 1917 from the University of the Philippines. Prior to his election to the Constitutional Convention as Deleg.ate from the second district of Nueva Ecija in 1934, he was deputy provincial census inspector of Nueva Ecija, technical assistant in political science in the department of Mindanao and Sulu, and governor of Nueva Ecija from 1928 to 1931.

R. Agriculturist, Sugar Tycoon. As a maritim.e country, the Philippines can pin a ray of hope on Francisco R. Santos in building a truly Filipino steamship in design, material and built. For this sugar tycoon-central owner and planter-has only one more ambition in life and that is to build his dream ship wherein he can embody all that he knows about ships.

Mr. Santos has everything now: a sugar central and extensive farms. Behind him is an enviable record as a self-made man in education, vocation and wealth; and he has seen the Orient and Europe even before the coming of the Americans to the Islands. By another year, perhaps, he wHl embark on the idea for he will then have washed himself of the obligations contracted during the past few years in building the Santos-Lopez Central as one of the biggest on Panay island.

SANTOS, FRANCISCO

575

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Don Paco, as he is known, never stops dreaming of accomplishing big things. And he really does things.

Even in the midst of his duties attending his varied interests, he still finds time to tinker and experiment on machines, or sugar cane varieties, for the sake of improving them. .

There is only one thing Senor Santos cannot have in his life. He is not blessed with a child. That is perhaps why Dona Rosario Lopez de Santos, deprived of motherhood, is his best partner today in his various undertakings.

They teamed togethe.r ideally in their many ventures, and when the task is done, they claim that they both have done the work.

Although established in the Visayas, Don Paco is not a Vi sayan. He was born of a poor family in Intramuros, the Walled City of Manila, fifty-nine years ago. Barely at thirteen, he had to be the bread-winner of the family, employing himself with the engineering department of the Government then. His love with machineries gave him an opening with the Navy Yard at Cavite and later with the Earnshaw Docks and Honolulu Iron Works. Navigation became his next vocation with which he sailed the high seas as mechanic-engineer with the Tabacalera and lastly with a vessel owned by Don Gil Lopez who late;r became his brother-in-law.

The vast possibilities of the Negros farms attracted him from the sea. It was here where he ventured more for wealth than for experience which occupied his earlier years. His prosperity was amazing, until this day. His extensive farming contributed much to his present establishment of a sugar central, in "partnership" with his wife, Dona Sayong. This sugar mill is not only producing sugar, but also fuel alcohol, a by-product which saves the country from importing more costly gas fuel for the nu576

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES merous motor cars and engines that the Philippines have acquired.

The.re is always a reward for people who dream and do things. And this is the substantial achievement of Don Francisco R. Santos, the sugar baron of the South, whose contribution to the economic development of the Philippines has more than made hIs name as one of the industrial leaders of the country.

SANTOS, JESUS J.

Attorney-at-Law and Sales Manager of the Cebu Portland Cement Company.

This is the story of an exceptional employee. He was born in Arayat, Pampanga, on January 20, 1895, son of Ciriaco Santos and Margarita Cacnio.

He attended both private and public schools, studied stenography, and later entered the University of Manila, graduating as Bachelor of Business Administration in 1924 and as Bachelor of Laws in 1930.

Mr. Santos worked his way through college; first as stenographe.r in various firms, and then as secretary and assistant to the foreign manager of the United American Trading Co., 1918-1920, and manager of the sundry and textile departments of the China, Japan & South American Trading Co., Ltd., 1920-1921. He has been the SecretaryTreasurer of the Cebu Portland Cement Company, one of the big corporations owned by the Philippine Government.

Such is the romance of "from postal clerk to corporation manager" of a big cement corporation and "from stenographer to attorney-at-law," the result no doubt of continuous toil.

Mr. Santos' life is a shining example of "Initiative, Tact, Efficiency," the trinity of man's success in any human endeavor. For if one has only the heart to be a 577

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES leader, he certainly can if he wills. Is not the business achievement of Mr. Santos an illustration of this biblical passage "As a man thinketh in his heart so is he"?

K. Tagalog Poet and Novelist, Editor and Former Senator to the Philippine Legislature. He was born in Pasig, Rizal, on September 25, 1879, son of Ladislao Santos and Victoriana Canseco. He learned his first letters in Sampaloc, Manila, and continued his studies in the Escuela Normal where he graduated as "maestro superior" in 1899. He enrolled in Colegio Filipino and in Academia de J urisprudencia and later in Escuela de Derecho de Manila. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912. As a journalist, he began writing for the bilingual paper Ang Kaliwanagan which was suspended by the American authorities.

With Pascual H. Poblete, in 1902, he worked in Ang Kapatid ng Bayan. In 1903 he founded with Rafael Palma, Martin Ocampo and others MuUng Pagsilang, Tagalog section of the famous El Renacimiento. He was also one of the editors of the satiric review Lipang Kalabaw, 19071909. It w.as, however, in 1913 when he edited and published his own trilingual magazine, Ang Bayan Pilipino.

In 1914 he managed Ang Mithi, organ of the Nacionalista Party. Mr. Santos is founder and president of the first Academia de la Lengua Tagala. As a novelist, he has written Banaag at Sikat, considered as one of the best Tagalog novels ever written. He was provincial governor of Rizal from 1910 to 1913. From 1918 to 1920 he was appointed governor of Nueva Vizcaya, and later appointed Senator for the 12th Senatorial District. Mr. Santos is now connected with the publication section of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. He is called the Dean of Vernacular Editors.

SANTOS, LOPE

578

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES SANTOS, LUIS

Physician and Oculist. One of the least known but of the most successful practising physicians, especially in ca~ tar acts of the eyes, is Dr. Luis Santos of Malolos, Bulacan, a benevolent~looking man who gives his all to his life-work.

Dr. Santos now owns the most artistic and most beau~ tiful private hospital in all the Philippines. It is called the Santos Clinic.

His prominence came this way. First, Dr. Buenaven~ tura Joven of Bacolor, Pampanga, sent him an odd, hope~ less case, a patient of 92 years old. It was a cataract case.

The patient was operated and was able to see again, after a very painstaking operation and continuous care.

The second case was about an old cousin of his. They thought the patient would die, and so people just laughed and his relatives preferred seeing their kin die by the will of God than by the hand of Dr. Santos. But Dr. Santos proceeded with the operation. The first night was terrible; he stayed by the side of his patient, without sleep.

Such was the most decisive moment. At last recovery came, light was restored to the hopeless patient.

A time also came when influenza broke out in his province, and everybody got sick except him; thus he went from house to house against the. will of his friends. But he could not see his people suffer and die when he knew he could save them. There was only a time when the doctor was sick of typhoid fever. But ever since it has been his dominant passion to cure, regardless of compel)sation, be~ cause he said that he owes it to himself and to humanity to renaer service, to do the best he could, for could one afford to see a person suffer when right in his heart he feels that such a case is curable?

Dr. Santos is the son of Paulino C. Santos and Alberta Uytangcoy. He was born in Malolos, Bulacan. He is now forty-three years old.

579

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He is a graduate of the University of Santo Tomas in 1916. In the same year he took and passed the medical board examinations, and then went to New York, America, and attended the New York Post Graduate Hospital where he specialized in the diseases of the eye, ear and throat.

Ever since his return to the Islands Dr. Santos has been in active practice.

The first consideration in this doctor's work is not money, but, in his own words, "To cure is my aim." Always at his clinic, Dr. Santos never had any vacation in his life except when he was laid down in the hospital because of sickness contracted from his clients.

In one of his cases, there is a fine story told that, for fifteen years a woman could not see. She had a daughterin-law whom she had always hated. When her eyes were operated and then saw the woman, she exclaimed, "Now I see sne is beautiful, and I should not have hated her!"

So here is an ideal country doctor, whose marvelous cases bear testimony to his large clientele, whose passion to cure commends him to the high esteem of the public.

V. DE LOS President, University of Manila, and Lawyer. A native of Angat, Bulacan, he was born on March 27, 1896, son of Mariano de los Santos, a school teacher, and Patricia Santos, a business woman. He was taught by his father the first ietters, Spanish and Latin grammars and mathematics, and then attended the Tondo Grammar School for two years. In 1905 he took and passed the entrance examination in the Ateneo de Manila for first year high school, and later enrolled in the San Juan de Letran College in 1905-1909. In June, 1909, he took and passed the general examination for A.B. at the University of Sto. Tomas, at the age of thirteen. In 1910, he enrolled in the Faculties of Civil Law and Philosophy and Letters in the SANTOS, MARIANO

580

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES University of Santo Tomas, and graduated, with honors, as Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters ill February, 1913, and as Licentiate in Civil Law in March, 1915.

In 1909-1910, he taught in the Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Rosario of Baliuag, Bulacan. Later he operated his own school in 1912-1914 while stilI a student of Santo Tomas. In 1913, with Dr. Apolinario G. de los Santos, Mr. B. J. Bello and others, he founded the Instituto de Manila, now the University of Manila. In 1915 he founded also the Instituto de San Pablo, San Pablo, Laguna. Dr. Santos practised law in Laguna and Tayabas from 1917 to 1918; was made Director of the Instituto de Manila from 1918 to 1921, and became the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, Executive Secretary of the National Law College, and Director of the Preparatory Department when, in 1921, the Instituto de Manila was reincorporated as the University of Manila. From 1919 to 1922 he edited the Philippine National Weekly.

From 1922 to 1924, he was graduate student of the University of Chicago, U. S. A., specializing in School Administration and International Law. He also traveled in Europe during the last half of 1924, visiting England, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Austria and Holland. In 1925 he returned to the Philippines and assumed the Deanship of the Faculties and the Deanship of the College of Liberal Arts, and was at the same time professor of Secondary Education, University of Manila, until June, 1927. He was Acting President of the University of Manila from June, 1927, to October, 1929. Since October, 1929, up to date he has been the permanent head of the University of Manila.

SANTOS, PABLO

B.

Businessman, Master Salesman. Mr. Pablo B. Santos is incontestably a leader in his commercial career, one who 581

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES through hard work and countless difficulties has carved out a name for himself.

The son of poor parents, Mr. Santos was born on January 15, 1892, at San Juan del Monte, in the province of Rizal.

Early in his teens he became a sailor and for four years he plied the seven seas of the world.

"My greatest moment in life was," he said reminiscently, "when I was a steward on board the S. S. 'Michigan' sometime in 1911. We were then docked at the Thames River in London. And I came in personal contact with His Majesty, King George V of England. He complimented m,e for my fine work as a sailor!"

Returning to the Philippines, he served as agent of the Bureau of Internal Revenue from 1915 to 1917. However, he resigned in 1918, when he was engaged by the Erlanger & Gaiinger, Inc., as a salesman. Since then he has become star salesman. He is selling now life insurance policies.

Mr. Santos is a member of the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, and of Bagumbayan Lodge, No.4, F. & A. M. As a sportsman, Mr. Santos is one of the country's best golfers, for he has been for m.any years the holder of the Philippine Open Golf Championship.

"The sport of golf is a game between gentlemen, testing their character and manliness. It is a fine exercise, demandillg one's ability and patience and courtesy."

As a salesman, he remarks optimistically, "Know the psychology of life. Make your approach timely, favor~ ably. .. And sell things that are of value, of good quality, and very useful. Do not force your custom.ers to buy, for they will never return. Also study your men, your mar~ ket, yourself; and, take my word, you will win not only as a salesman but also as a merchant, as a man, in every hu~ man endeavor!"

582

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES SANTOS, PAULINO

Major General, Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army.

General Santos, the former Director of the Bureau of Prisons of the Philippines, is an exponent of hard work which makes men leading figures in their life career.

General Santos was born on June 22, 1890, in Camiling, Tarlac, the son of Remigio Santos and Rosa Torres.

He married Elisa Angeles. They have three boys and four girls.

He studied in Spanish schools from 1897 to 1900 and in English schools from 1901 to 1907.

He began the struggle for existence as a municipal teacher, 1907-1908; and as an enlisted man, Philippine Constabulary, 1909-1912, and became clerk of the same institufion, 1912-1914. Through hard work, much persistence, and continuous study he rose to the rank of third Lieutenant; and from third Lieutenant in 1914 he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and Assistant Chief, Philippine Constabulary, in 1930, and later Director of the Bureau of Prisons.

In 1936 President Quezon appointed him Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army.

General Santos has also served as Auxiliary Justice of the Peace in the municipal districts of Lanao and Sulu, from 1917 to 1924; and as deputy Provincial Governor and Provincial Governor of Lanao and Sulu, too, from 1917 to 1924.

"Such a brilliant record, no other Filipino has achieved I" is the commend of the press.

That is why his former Chief, General Nathorst, remarked one day: "I was sorry to lose him in my Bureau, but no man with a more charming personality than he have I found."

583

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE

PHI~IPPINES

General Santos has traveled extensively in the Philippines and other countries. He is a liberal Roman Catholic, and member of the Philippine Columbian Association.

"But Gen. Santos, something must have so happened in your life that helped you in your career."

After a wistful glance, he said: "It was my graduation, at the head of my class, composed of Americans and Filipinos at the Constabulary Of~ ficers School, Class of 1914, in Baguio... There I felt I must do something to be somebody ... " From that time on, the young lieutenant, possessed with thâ‚Ź) spirit of daring youth and an indomitable determination to be somebody, began to write in the book of his life, this philoophy of success: "Hard work, plenty of common sense!"

Due to his "hard work and common sense," the former Director of the Bureau of Prisons is now Major General and Chief of Staff f the Philippine Army.

SANTOS, RICARDO C. General Merchant. Mr. Ricardo C. Santos was the first Filipino master of an Amercian Lodge in the Philippines, Mount Lebanon Lodge No. 80, F. & A. M., under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands.

The son of poor parents, Vicente C. Santos and Ana C. Agustin, Mr. Santos was born on May 17, 1891, in Obando, Bulacan. He studied in his home town up to the fourth grade and continued his education at the Malabon Intermediate School where he graduated in 1908.

Some of his co-graduates were F. Cayco, A. Paez and A. Pascual, all of whom have made good in their respective lines. And there ended the schooling of young Santos, for he taught at Obando from 1908 to 1911.

Not being satisfied with teaching he left his native town an'd ' came to Manila. He was employed at the Pa-

584

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES cific Commercial Company from 1911 to 1918. Then he entered the service of the Cooperative Store in Olongapo Navy Yard, as ma.nager for one year. In 1919 he joined Goldenberg Co., importers and exporters, where, because of his training and experience he was given charge of the Sales Department. When the manager, Mr. Goldenberg, left for the United States, Mr. Santos became the Manager, as he was duly equipped for the position.

The year 1926 saw Mr. Santos paddling his own canoe: he established his own office on the Escolta as a general merchant, specializing in dry goods and leather.

Mr. Santos is a member of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce; he also holds a commission as First Lieutenant in .the Quartermaster Reserve, U. S. Army.

The best education a man receives is that which he gives himself. And Mr. Santos is self-educated, self-made, quiet, active, sincer and enthusiastic in all that he does.

A great reader and observer, Mr. Santos edited "The Cornerstone," the monthly bulletin of his lodge.

SANTOS OCAMPO, DELFIN

Chemist and Pharmacist and Business Executive; Manager of the Universal Drug Store and owner of the Santos Ocampo Laboratory.

Born in Candaba, Pampanga, forty-six years ago, Mr. Santos Ocampo is a B. A. graduate of the Liceo de Manila and also of the Manila College of Pharmacy, graduating as the valedictorian of his class.

He began as a pharmacy clerk with the salary of P12.00 a month for five years. He worked his way through college. In 1914 he was with the Farmacia San Gabriel.

The Farm.acia Restauradora was founded by him. However, not content with being a small man, he organized with others in 1920 the now big, modern, progressive Universal Drug Store, known throughout the Philippines.

585

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES The Laboratory was started in 1928 and its products are of recognized utility, such as Fine-O-Xina and Castoria Santos Ocampo and other capsules and ampoules. ((Mr. Santos Ocampo is a born pharmaceutical chemist !" Such is the opinion of those who know the active manager of the largest Filipino drug store in the Islands.

"I believe in the Filipinization of business," said Mr. Santos Ocampo. "There is a wide field for our countrymen in business. .. Why did I succeed? .. Simply because I put science in business."

Endowed with a rare presence of mind, Mr. Ocampo is one of the survivors of the Georges PhiliJppar disaster in the Gulf of Aden, in 1932.

He -i s a m.ember of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Association.

He does not believe in luck. That is why he did not want to remain pharmacist all his life at the Botica Inglesia!

So from sales clerk, pharmacy clerk and pharmacist, Mr. Santos Ocampo rose to organizer and manager of pharmaceutical corporations, and proprietor of the Santos Ocampo Laboratory.

His institution spells the present romance of Filipino commercial achievement.

E. Cattle Rancher, Agriculturist, and Editor. Born in the town of Pateros, Rizal, on December 9, 1887, he studied under the able guidance of his parents and in the public schools of the government where he stayed until he had completed the primary and secondary grades. Later he went to the United States and continued his studies in the College of Agriculture, University of Illinois. In 1908, he received his diploma as Bachelor of Science in Agriculture.

On his arrival to the Philippines, he was made Chief of the SANVICTORES, JOSE

586

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Provincial Division of the Executive Bureau up to March, 1918, when he was named Special Agent of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. On August 1st of the same year he was promoted to Assistant Director of the Bureau of Agriculture, but resigned this post on May 31, 1920, to accept a position as Secretary to the President of the Senate, Manuel L. Quezon. Later on he was named Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, but on February 28, 1925, he left this position to be a cattle rancher in Bukidnon. Governor Stimson appointed him Representative for Agusan, and reappointed Representative by Governor Davis to the Ninth Legislature. He has been editor of Stockman and Farmer and other papers, and elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

N ow he is in charge of the Mercedes Ranch and his own in Bukidnon, Mindanao.

J. VAN Colonel, U. S. Army and Adviser to the Bureau of N on-Christian Tribes.

Twice decorated for bravery, once with the Congressional Medal of Honor for distinguished gallantry in action and once with the Congressional Gold Life Saving Medal, is the proud record of Col. Louis J. Van Schaick, West Pointer, former adviser to the Governor-General of the Philippines.

The Colonel first landed in Manila as 2nd lieutenant in the 4th Infantry, in August, 1899. His first thirteen years of service in the Philippines were crowded with constructive work with the Constabulary and the Scouts and as governor of Cavite and Mindoro. Then came more brilliant work in Mexico and, at last, in the World War. After some staff duty in Washington, the Colonel was, in 1930, appointed an adviser to the Governor-General of the Philippines.

SCHAICK LOUIS

587

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES But Col. Van Schaick is also a conscientious worker in fraternal circles. Among his veteran honors are the title of Past Commander of the Department Veteran Army of the Philippines, United Spanish War Veterans, and as a Mason, he attained to the dignity of National Historian of the National Sojourners, a society of Masons who are, or at one time were, commissioned officers in the uniformed forces of the United States.

The Colonel was married in Manila, in 1906, to Nellie Mae Kellogg, and has a daughter born in 1922. He was born on July 1, 1875, in Cobleskill, New York.

His genial face and kindly smile as he sits at his desk in his Malacafian office have won Col. Van Schaick many friends. "I Serve" might well be the device on the escutcheon of the doughty colonel.

SCHEERER, ADOLFO ASUNCION

Attorney-at-Law. Mr. Adolfo A. Scheerer, the son of Otto J. Scheerer, formerly professor of German and Philippine Linguistics in the University of the Philippines, and Margarita Asuncion, a Filipina and native of Manila, was born at Manila on October 24, 1889.

He learned his abc from his own father, and also some arithmetic, geography and English, while they lived in Baguio, Benguet (1896-1900). Upon the establishment of the first public primary school in Baguio, sometime in 1900, he was among the first boys who attended that school under an American teacher, Mr. Patrick. Later on his father placed him in the Union College at Hongkong, and afterwards in the S~. Joseph's College at Yokohama, Japan, a Catholic institution, which he attended in 1905.

He left that institution as a first year student in commerce and returned to the Philippines in 1906. He entered the Philippine Normal School at Manila. But not having 588

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES had any studies in Philippine courses required before admission to the high school, he was admitted only as a student in the fourth grade of the primary department by special examinations. However, he was able to finish the primary and intermediate courses at the Philippine Normal School in two years. He then enrolled in the high school department of the N orIna I School, which was transferred to the Junior College of Liberal Arts when the University of the Philippines was established. There he finished the high school course in March, 1912. He was president of his class successively in his first, second, third and fourth year high school courses, and was assistant manager of the "College Folio," the first student publication of the University of the Philippines.

Mr. Scheerer left for the United States in May, 1912, and attended the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, Michigan,. from 1912 to 1915. ae first attended the literary department of t hat university, and after completing stuaies covering sixty college units, equivalent to two college years of pre-law study, he enrolled in the law department of the University of Michigan and finished the threeyear law course in two academic years and three summer sessions, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in August, 1915 . •After graduating, Mr. Scheerer was admitted to the Michigan Bar in 1915. He soon left Michigan for the Philippines, but upon his arrival at San Francisco, California, he had not enough funds to defray his expenses while waiting for an available boat to take him to the Philippines. He had no other recourse than to earn at least his living expenses whil~ in that port. There was no hope of landing a temporary job in an office or in a commercial establishment; so he applied for a job in the Philippine Division of the Panama-Pacific Exposition at San Francisco and earned $10.00 a month with free meals.

589

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES On his return to the Islands in 1915 he at once. attended the review course in the College of Law of the University of the Philippines in the evenings, as during the day he worked as clerk in the office of Rev. Geo. W. Wright at the Ellinwood Seminary. After passing the examinations he was admitted to the Bar in December, 1916. He soon secured a position as assistant attorney in the law office of attorney Hartford Beaumont in Manila at a monthly salary of P60.00 with the privilege of a limited private practice. He secured later the position of office attorney of the Universal Mercantile Agency, a firm engaged in collection of accounts and credit reports, with a salary of P100.00 a month and some private practice.; but that firm soon went out of existence, and he next secured the position of office attorney at the Bachrach Motor Company at P200.00 a month, which was later raised to P250.00 and after some time. to P300.00 a month. He quit that position in 1919 to devote all his time to private practice, and has been in private practice ever since. He married in 1931.

He was the attorney de officio who defended Guenzo Nishijima, a Japanese, who was charged with the murder of Gregorio Tolentino. The secret service of the city secured from the accused two separate written confessions which were presented as evidence at the trial; bui the defense repudiated the supposed confessions and charged the secret service with having extorted the same from the accused by "third degree" methods. The accused was convicted by the trial court, mainly on the strength of the said confessions, and the death penalty was imposed upon him; but upon appeal, the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands reversed the decision and acquitted the accused, sustaining the contention of the defense that the supposed confessions were extorted from the accused by the secret service through "third degree" methods called by Justice 590

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Butte "a blot on our civilization." The decision created a sensation and brought about an official investigation of the secret service. The case has become one of the most celebrated cases in Philippine jurisprudence, and is now known and referred to as the "Nishijima Case."

E. Manager of the Standard-Vacuum Oil Co. in the Islands. He was born on September 5, 1889, in Hamburg, Germany. He emigrated to the United States and studied in Adelphi Academy and in Erasmus Hall High School of Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Colgate University in 1912 with B.Sc. degree. He has been in the Philippines in the employ of the Standard-Vacuum Oil Co. since 1912. He is one of the business executives of big foreign corporations in the Islands.

SCHRADIECK,

SEBASTIAN, PROCESO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Sixteenth J udicial District, Capiz and Romblon.

He is 44 years old. Before joining the Judiciary, he was Representative for Cagayan in the former House of Representatives, and later, Provincial Governor for the same province. On February 1, 1933, he was appointed Judge-at-Large, and in the following year, promoted to his present position.

SEGUNDO, FIDEL V. Professor and Executive Officer of the Department of Military Science and Tactics of the University of the Philippines. He is also Captain, 24th Field Artillery, United States Army, Commandant and Major; Colonel, Philippine Army.

Captain Fidel V. Segundo, writer and authority on military science, was born of poor parents in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, on April 24, 1894. At 12 he had to go out during vacation time as member of the crew of a banca plying 591

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES daily between Laoag and the sea, a distance of 7 kilometers, to earn 20 centavos a day.

He studied in the Laoag High after winning the Scholarship Medal. The, Laoag High School not having a Fourth Year forced him to come to Manila, and from the Manila High School he graduated in 1913. That year he enrolled as a premedical student in the University of the Philippines, at thâ‚Ź! same time taking the examination for the United States Military Academy to which he was appointed in 1914.

He was graduated from West Point in August, 1917, and since then he has held various ranks and responsibilities in the United States Army.

Captain Segundo has served in several branches of the Army. He joined the Infantry upon graduation from West Point. On the organization of native troops into a Field Artillery regiment he was one of the original officers.

While serving in the Artillery Regiment he was detailed to pursue a course in Aerial observation which lasted six months. After graduating from this course he rejoined his regiment. On the organization of native troops into a Cavalry regiment he was again detailed as one of the origInal officers. He served with the Cavalry regiment for 18 months after which he again rejoined the Field Artillery. In 1923 he served on the Staff of the Post Commander at Fort Stotsenburg as Personnel Adj utant and Assi~tant Adjutant.

Captain Segundo in 1918, at the age of 24 years, was a Major in the Federalized National Guard. As a Captain of the National Guard he served as Aide-de-Camp to the Governor-General and as Assistant Chief of Staff.

In 1924 he was sent to the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. After graduating from the Field Artillery School the following year he was sent to the Cavalry School at Fort Riley, Kansas, from which he grad592

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES uated in 1926. He returned to the Philippines in 1926 and rejoined his regiment at Fort Stotsenburg, Pampanga, P. I., part of the time as Battalion Adjutant, Battery Commander and Regimental Plans and Training Officer . . In 1929 Capt. Segundo was detailed Executive Officer of the Department of Military Science and Tactics, University of the Philippines, which position he at present holds in addition to being Commandant.

Captain Segundo is thâ‚Źi only Filipino Officer in the United States Army that plays polo. He has played in several tournaments at the Manila Polo Club as a member of the Field Artillery team and the Headquarters Philippine Department White Team. He is a wrestler of considerable experience having fought "for the championship of his weight at- West Point and having coached for years his regimental wrestling team. In 1923 he went to Japan with the .Philippine Olympic team as an official. At the Cavalry School he was one of the 4 officers that qualified as Expert Swordsman. His favorite sport is polo and horseback-riding. He has several trophies won in equitation and jumping. At the Cavalry School at Fort Riley, Kansas, he won Second Prize in the Combined Pistol and Saber event, Third in the Saber event and Fourth in the All-round Remount event. He values these last trophies most as they have been won on foreign soil. In the use of arms he is rated Expert in Pistol both Mounted and Dismounted, Expert in Field Artillery and Expert in Sword.

For his splendid work in the state university he was recently commended very highly by President Quezon.

"Duty," he said, "is the most compe.I1ing force in a soldier's life."

SELGA, MIGUEL

Director of the Weather Bureau of the Philippines and Scientific Researcher.

593

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Every day one can see him in his office at the Weather Bureau busy with some scientific research and study or writing perhaps some articles for local or foreign magazines connected with technical subjects, usually unnoticed by the ordinary layman.

Born in Barcelona, Spain, on November 25, 1879, Father Selga is the son of Pablo Selga and Francisca Trullas.

He was first educated in his home town. He took up his college course in Zaragoza, Spain, and later entered Harvard. College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., Lowell Observatory, Woodstock College, Md., Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., Flagstaff, Arizona, Lich Observatory, Mt. HamIlton, California, and University of California! 1914-15.

He received his Ph. D. degree in Zaragoza, Spain, and his D. D. degree in Woodstock, Maryland, U. S. A. Father Selga liegan as a secretary at the Weather Bureau, Manila, P. 1.; then he became Assistant Director, and finally Director in 1926.

Father Selga is a member of the American Astronomical Society of Chicago, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, Societe Astronomique de France, Paris, Sociedad Astronomica de Espana, Barcelona, The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pa., and the Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles, Belgium.

He is also a writer of many notable scientific papers, such as Astronomical and Meteorological Conditions of the Eclipse of the Sun, The Sunshine of Manila, The Evaporation of Manila, The Intensity of Rainfall at Manila and in the Main Cities of the Philippines; Historical Survey of our Knowledge of the Longitude of Manila, Eclipse of the Sun of June 20, 1929, at Manila, The Introduction of the Gregorian Calendar in the Philippines, EI Aguacero en Floridablanca, Pampanga, Cometas en Filipinas. Los Ma594

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

pas de Filipinas por Murillo is one of his best research works.

Father Selga has an understanding of eleven languages, but his best are Spanish, English and French.

One observes him as a man of vigor, of intellectalways after progress; always interested in the youth of the country, for under him were brought up many of the young leaders who are now forging ahead in important undertakings.

"Progress," he once said eagerly, "should be steadyonward to the one goal of life. So keep on . . . always ahead!"

And he is doing it, for where h~ is, as Director of the Weather Bureau, he is a leader among men in scientific lore.

SELPH, EWALD E.

Attorney; Partner of the law firm, Ross, Lawrence, and Selph. A Mason, Shriner, Elk, Knight Templar; member of the Wack Wack, Manila Polo, Army and Navy, Casino Espanol, University of Manila Yacht clubs, he was born on January 18, 1888, in Sheridan, Oregon, U. S. A.; a graduate from the University of Southern California with LL.B. and LL.M. degrees. Ever since his arrival in the Philippines in April, 1919, he has been engaged in the law practice successfully.

SEVILLA DE ALVERO, ROSA L.

Educator and Speaker. Founder and Directress of the Instituto de Mujeres, one of the finest colleges for women in the Philippine Islands.

She was born on the 4th of March, 1879, the daughter of very poor parents. At the age of five she lived with her aunt, a teacher, in Malabon, Rizal, and then with another aunt, also a teacher, in Sta. Cruz, Cavite, in order to continue her studies. At eleven she entered the Escuela 595

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Municipal of Manila, under the auspices of Sisters of Charity, walking three kilometers a day; then attended a pri-

vate school and later the Escuela Normal de Maestras, under Religiosas de Asuncion; and worked her own way in college, until she obtained her title as "Maestra de Ensenanza Superior."

The Spanish-American War caused a lot of misfortunes to her family. During the war with America, she lost her parents and her oldest brother, and two became invalid. So she had to bring up five small brothers, and it was at that time that she met Father Mapuel Roxas y .Manio who helped and encouraged her to fight and live and never give up. And with a fighting, brave heart she struggled, and began her work over again, until she founded 1J1e Instituto de Mujeres on May 1, 1900, with the help of Rev. -Manuel Roxas and Dona Susana Revilla. On the 5th of August of the same year, the college was organized, and she became the directress. It was always her aim to serve her country, and to help the Filipino young woman be useful to God and humanity.

For some reason or other, certain Catholic elements thought that she was teaching different, revolutionary ideas to her pupils, turning them into enemies of Religion; but she went on and incorporated the school under the laws of the land in 1908 until, in 1919, it had its own spacious concrete building at Calle Tayuman, Manila.

"As the mothers are the primary teachers of the citizens, so we ought to make culture women,-honest, strong, industrious. God-fearing and patriotic, very patriotic.

Thus we ought to have an education adequate to meet such necessities; while preserving our own we should also adopt the best of other nations. For the propaganda of such ideals, the woman at home, the mothers I am speaking of, will certainly in a not very distant future create a Philippines that is new, vigorous, patriotic, free I" 596

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Dona Rosa has written many articles for the news~ papers and magazines and was also editor in Spanish and Tagalog. She wrote moral plays, the most popular being ''El Libro de Juan de la Cruz."

She was an organizer and secretary of La Federaci6n Cat6lica de Damas Filipinas and vice-president of La Liga Nacional de Damas Filipinas. She is the President of Ka~ pulungang Balagtas, a society working for the adoption of Tagalog as the Islands' National Language.

At the age of 49, she took in three years her Bachiller de Educaci6n degree at the University of Sto. Tomas and later worked for her master's degree in education.

Such is the life of Dona Rosa, Directora de la Insti~ tuto de Mujeres, an enemy of divorce, but a suffragist, and an ardent lover of Philippinism.

SEVILLA, V1!CTOR

Physician and Specialist in eye, ear, nose and throat diseases. Physician and surgeon of San Juan de Dios Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital.

One still remembers, even as a student many, many years ago, the clinic of this eminent oculist, located on the Azcarraga street and shaded by the foliage of acacia trees.

As he enters the sala he feels the healthy atmosphere of the clinic. There seems to be infused into his being that grat confidence, that abiding faith in the doctor's great powers of healing the ills our flesh is heir to.

You enter the specialist's room. It is small but mod~ ern-very neat, very inviting. The doctor talks. In his voice and in his touch, you suddenly feel his magnetic power. At once you are won. Confidence is established.

Thus cure is almost certain.

Are there many doctors like that? Physicians who in~ spire confidence? Who inject faith in the patient? Faith, 597

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES as we know, is the most miraculous healer in the world.

Did not Jesus Christ say, "According to thy faith be it unto thee"?

SHAW, WILLIAM JAMES

Business Executive. "One of the foremost figures in the industry and commerce of the Islands," President and General Manager of the Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Co., engineers, builders and contractors.

Educated at the University of California, Mr. Shaw came to the Philippines in 1901 on the U. S. Army transport "Hancock." Mr. Shaw was born on September 20, 1877, in Barnet, Vermont, U. S. A., as son of John McFee and Jessie (Abbott) Shaw.

On arriving in the Philippines, he worked for the Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Co. of Manila successively as quarry clerk, paymaster, purchasing agent, quarry supe.rintendent, assistant office manager, and in 1918, was elevated to president and general manager of this big corporation of contractors and manufacturers of structural steel and operators of ships and representatives of foreign firms, a corporation responsible for the building of many improvements in Manila and the provinces.

Director and chairman of the boards of the Peoples Bank & Trust Co. and the Peoples Mortgage & Investment Co.; president of Hume Pipe & Title Co., Mr. Shaw is also director of Syndicate Mining Co., Manila Machinery & Supply Co., Bataan Sugar Co., Philippine Iron Mines Co., Su路 gar News Co., and ex-director of the National Development Co. and the Philippine National Bank.

Hard worker Mr. Shaw is past president and member of the Manila Rotary Club, University Club, Manila Golf Club and the American Guardian Association; member of Army & Navy Club, Greater Manila Civic League, and President and one of the founders of the Wack Wack Golf & Country Club.

598

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Does not such a varied, colorful career serve as emula路 tion for a life of work and service? His life exemplifies the adage: Labor Omnia Vincit-Labor conquers all.

SICAM, VICENTE

Provincial Treasurer of Sorsogon. He was born in San Miguel, Pangasinan, on April 5, 1879, the son of Tiburcio Sicam and Urbana Felipe. His elementary education WaS secured from both public and private schools of his native town from 1889 to 1892; Seminary College of Nueva Segovia at Vigan, Ilocos Sur, 1893-1895; and Spanish Normal School, Manila, 1895-1896. While teaching in the American public schools at Camiling, Tarlac, he attended the regular teachers' classes, 1901-1907, and completed the regular primary and intermediate courses in English. He further studied in the Spanish Normal School in Manila, 1896-1898, and took special courses in the Philippine Normal School, 1908-1909, and became Public Accountant and Certified Public Accountant awarded under Act 3105, as amended. The positions he held in the government service were: Municipal Teacher, 1901-1902; Insular Teacher, 1903-1907; Correspondence and Filing Clerk in the Provincial Treasury of Tarlac, 1909-1912; Acting Chief Clerk and later Chief Clerk, 1913-1914; Chief Clerk for the City Treasurer and Deputy Provincial Treasurer of Mountain Province, 1916; Chief Clerk and Acting Provincial Treasurer of Ilocos Sur, 1917; Chief Clerk, Iloilo, 1918; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Antique, 1918; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of La Union, 1920; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Camarines Sur, 19201930; and Provincial Treasurer of Sorsogon at present.

SILAYAN, HILARION S.

Director, Bureau of Plant Industry. He was born in Binangonan, Rizal, on October 21, 1894, and educated in 599

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture in 1917. Continuing his studies, he went to the United States and entered the University of California where he obtained his Master of Science degree in 1925.

Mr. Silayan had his experience from the following institutions-Farm Manager, Rice Plantation Chico, California, 1920-1922; Agriculturist for the Government Irrigation Systems, Bureau of Public Works, 1925-1929; Bureau of Agriculture, 1929; Chief, Agricultural Extension Division, Bureau of Plant Industry, Manila, 1930. He was member of the Committee on Investigation of Government Irrigation Systems, 1929; Secretary and Executive Officer of the First National Horticultural Exposition, 1931; and Organizer and Secretary of the National Rice Growers Association. Mr. Silayan is also member of the Philippine Scientific Society and charter member of the National Research Council of the Philippines. In June, 1936, he was appointed Director of the Bureau of Plant Industry. His life is one of continuous work and f.aithful service.

SILVESTRE, SISENANDO

Provincial Treasurer of Camarines Norte. He was born in Binangonan, Rizal, on July 16, 1889, the son of Zacarias Silvestre and Maria Salome Sisante. He studied the primary course in the public schools in his home town, the secondary course in Pasig, Rizal High School, arid finished Accounting and Business Administration in the International Correspondence Schools. He worked in the Office of the Provincial Treasurer of Rizal in 1910; was Bookkeeper and Chief Clerk in the District Engineer's Office of Rizal and Nueva Vizcaya in 1910-1919; Third Member of the Provincial Board of Nueva Vizcaya in 1918; Assistant Provincial Treasurer of Nueva Vizcaya in 19201922; Acting Provincial Treasurer of the same province 600

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES in 1923-1924; Acting Provincial Treasurer of Bukidnon and Sulu in 1925-1927; Financial Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes in 1925; Assistant Provincial Treasurer in 1927-1928 and Acting Provincial Treasurer in 1929 of Mountain Province; Provincial Treasurer of Nueva Vizcaya in 1930-1933; and Provincial Treasurer of Marinduque in 1934. At present he is the Provincial Treasurer of Camarines Norte since 1935. "A strong determination, coupled with honesty, is the best key to success," says Mr. Silvestre. . SINGIAN, GREGORIO

Physician and Director of San Juan de Dios Hospital.

Dr. Gregorio Singian is regarded as one of the greatest surgeons of the Philippines and as an outstanding educator and traveler.

Dr. Singian was born on May 9, 1872, in San Fernando, Pampanga, the son of Cristino Singian and Angela Torres. He was educated in a private school in his town.

Then he attended San Juan de Letran College, and took his m-edical course in the University of Santo Tomas, graduating as Licentiate in Medicine.

A great student, always reading and doing research work, Dr. Singian is the picture of scientific progress. He says "The world continues to progress. Therefore, I must stuay in order to keep pace with the march of the times."

That is why he has recently done a great deal of traveling.

Dr. Singian is a romantic physician. On the Luneta one day he heard the cries of a woman who had received painful injuries in an automobile accident. He rushed to her side and administered first aid treatment. Then he took her home. This young lady happened to be Asuncion Arellano, daughter of the late Chief Justice. And afterwards she became his wife. .

601

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES The University of the Philippines conferred upon him in 1936 the degree of Doctor of Science, honoris causa.

Dr. Singian, the renowned surgeon, was in 1936 appointed Regent of the world famous International College of Surgeons in Geneva, Switzerland.

SINGSON ENCARNACION, VICENTE

Business Executive, Lawyer; President of the Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd., the pioneer life insurance corporation in the Philippine Islands. Mr. Vicente Singson Encarnacion said, with that sterling conviction characteristic of him: "In my youth the way for leadership was taking up law and entering politics. As a young man, I did so for I liad nothing worth while to do. But I found out that I liked the study of law and I was fitted to it. Ever since then, I have stuck to my legal line ; that is, I entered politics and worked in the government service .. , I am now in the commercial field. .. Whatever I do, I do completely, giving my heart and soul to it."

Everybody knows the inspiring career of Mr. Singson in public service.

He was born on August 5, 1875, in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, the son of Agripino Singson and Benita Encarnacion.

He studied at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, the Liceo de Manila and the University of Santo Tomas. He was admitted to the bar in 1901. Then he was provincial fiscal of Ilocos Sur until 1907. In 1904 he was appointed a member of the commission to the International Exposition at St. Louis. In 1907 he was elected member of the Philippine Assembly, being re-elected in 1909 and 1911.

The President of the United States, with the consent of the Senate, appointed him a member of the Philippine CommISSIOn. In 1916 he was elected senator for the first senatorial district of the Philippines.

602

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES In 1923, however, he began to devote his entire time and energy to his business interests and to the management of many corporations with which he was connected as officer. The romance of business soon absorbed him completely.

He is president of the Philippine Guaranty Co., Inc., and of the Balintawak Estate, Inc., a real estate corporation, helping people own their homes.

In 1933 he was called by the Government. So he was appointed Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce and at the same time acted as Secretary of Finance. A year later he resigned and returned to his former business activities.

In 1911 he married Lucila Diaz Conde. He is fond of traveling. Realizing the immense value and charm of traveling he has made tours around the world. "Here is culture that no university can bestow."

"To better my condition in life, I entered business," the busy man said. Asked as to his views on economics, he smiled, "If I gain ten pesos, I save two. Lay aside not less than 20 % of your earnings. That is the way to be financially independent."

He dislikes outward show, being himself a simple man.

"The defect with us is that suppose we earn P250.00 a month we own a car and spend P300.00 a month, without owning a home of our own or thinking of the future and striving to insure a happy old age. Economy is what we ought to practice, not politics... Economy brings happiness."

SINSUAT BALABARAN

Assemblyman from Cotabato and Agriculturist.

Born in Taviran, Cotabato, on June 5, 1878, and pri~ vately educated he finished his Arabic schooling through a personal tutor. He held these public positions: municipal district president, special assistant to the Provincial Gov6.03

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ern or, Representative for Cotabato, and Senator from the 10th senatorial district. Datu Sinsuat was elected Assemblyman from Cotabato in 1935.

SIOCHI, PEDRO

Civil Engineer and Contractor. Mr. Siochi is thB owner and manager of the firm P. Siochi & Co., Inc., engineers and contractors. To him the credit belongs for the construction of such projects as Quezon's residence, TVT Building, Metropolitan Water District Filter Plant, Cebu Normal School, Philippine Women's College building, Leyte High School building, residence of M. Rodriguez, Tayaoas; Liwayway Building, Manila Railroad Stores and Record Building, Rizal; Bato Bridge, Oc. N egros; Maragayap River Bridge, La Union; Cagayan River Bridge, Ca路 gayan, Oriental Misamis; Las Piiias River Bridge, Rizal; Cabangan River Bridge, Zambales; Agus River Bridge, Albay-Camarines Sur; Talavera Irrigation System, Nueva Ecija; Dibabuyan Diversion Works, Talavera, Nueva Ecija; Balintawak Water Tank, Rizal; Malolos Water Tank, Bulacan; Calumpang River Bank Revetment, Batangas; San Cristobal River Bank Revetment, Laguna; Legaspi East Breakwater, Albay; Sibalom-San Jose Irrigation System, Antique, and the fa.;rnous Rizal Memorial Stadium.

Mr. Pedro Siochi, the son of Roberto Siochi and Martina Angeles, was born on February 23, 1885, in Malabon, Rizal. He married Esperanza Villongco in 1916, and they have three children.

He studied in Manila and went abroad to continue his course. He entered the University of Ghent, Belgium, where he obtained his Civil Engineer degree in 1911. Af~ ter traveling in Europe he returned to the Philippines and worked as surveyor for the City of Manila, and also for the Bureau of Public Works as a civil engineer in 1913.

He joined the Mas Construction Co. in 1919 as consulting 604

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES engineer, and his biggest project was the new Legislative Building, the most imposing edifice in the Islands.

Mr. Siochi is a member of the Club Filipino, Philippine Columbian Association, Wack Wack Golf and Country Club. He was director of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society of the Philippines 1928-31, and was twice president of the Philippine Institute of Engineers and Architects.

Silent but a worker, modest but a thinker, Mr. Siochi is a figure of constructive progress. The reason for his originality and prominence in his profession is in no small degree due to his attitude towards all that he thinks and does: "Be honest in fulfilling your agreements I" G. Physician and Professor. He was born in Dagupan, Pangasinan, on February 11, 1883. He obtained his B.A. from the San Juan de Letran and his M.A. from Pomona College, California. He also studied in the University of Pennsylvania where he graduated in 1908 in Medicine.

On his return to the Philippines, he taught in the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. He has been professor since 1920. He was delegate, 9th Congress, Far Eastern Association, Tropical Medicine, at Nanking, 1934; charter member and chairman, Division of Medical Science, National Research Council of the Philippines; Filipino cardiac specialist, and authority on tropical medicine.

SISON, ANTONO

SISON, PEDRO MARIA

Judge, Court of First Instance, Bulacan.

He is 50 years old. He was first appointed to the JUdiciary as Auxiliary Judge on February 28, 1929. In 1930, he was promoted to Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twelfth Judicial District, Batangas and Mindoro.

He is now by recent appointment Judge of the Court of First Instance of Bulacan. ~05

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES SISON, TEOFILO

Judge, Court of Appeals. Said the Herald of him: "Back in 1901, Teofilo Sison was a barrio teacher in the public school of Binmaley, and had to walk five kilometers every day from Lingayen, Pangasinan, his home town.

Later he was a struggling court interpreter. He was ambitious as any bright young lad would be, but never dreamed that some three decades later he would become the ranking cabinet member as Secretary of Interior and member of the second highest tribunal of the land.

"He was born on February 29, 1880, in Dagupan, the third of five children of Benito Sison and Escolastica Leuterio. He learned his abc's from his father, who was a teacher during the Spanish regime. He attended the San Alberto Magno College, then went to the University of Sto. Tomas where he got his B.A. in 1896. The Revolution put an end to his studies in medicine.

"Then he became a bookkeeper and accountant at the Tarlac branch of Warner, Barnes and Co., gold prospector, together with a cousin in Benguet, teacher in Binmaley at P14 a month, and interpreter in the Pangasinan court of first instance for 13 years. He took up law and became a member of the bar in 1914. Two years later he was elected councilor of Lingayen.

"He joined President Manuel L. Quezon in 1922 and was elected governor of Pangasinan; in 1928 he was elected to the Senate, and then appointed Secretary of Interior in 1933. He resigned during the elections of 1934, for which he was highly praised by Governor-General Frank Murphy, and won over Camilo Osias on the HHC issue. He was reappointed to the secretaryship in July, 1934. Senator Sison is the elder brother of Dr. Antonio Sison, famous physician.' , 606

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES A. Lawyer. He was born on November 4, 1876, and educated in San Juan de Letran College where President Quezon and Vice-President Osmefia also studied and received his A.B., magna cUlm laude, in 1896. He then enrolled in law at the University of Santo Tomas where he graduated in 1904, magna cum laude. At various times, he was interpreter for the city police department, chief clerk and acting provincial secretary of Baguio, private secretary to Dr. Pardo de Tavera, assistant clerk of the Court of First Instance, secretary of the Union Nacionalista Party, and manager of the Zamboanga Oil Co. He also taught in the Escuela de Derecho and was a lecturer in the University of the Philippines, and wrote some law books. He is actively engaged in his profession, being one of the prominent Spa:pish lawyers in the Islands.

SOBRAL, CARLOS

SOBREPENA, ENRIQUE C.

Minister, United Church of Manila. Son of Juan M. Sobrepefia and Anatalia Calica de Sobrepefia, he was born in Bauang, La Union, on March 2, 1899. He studied in the High School, San Fernando, La Union; School of Surveying, Philippine School of Arts and Trades; Bachelor of Arts, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U. S. A.; Bachelor of Divinity, Princeton and Drew Theological Seminaries, U. S. A.; Doctor of Divinity, Macalester College, and Central Philippine College, 1936. He was Land Surveyor, Bureau of Lands; Founder, Church of the Filipinos, Brooklyn, New York; Organizer and first President, Filipino Student's Christian Movement in America; First President, Christian Youth Movement in the Philippines; General Secretary, Philippine Committee of Christian Education; Delegate of the Philippines to the International Missionary Council held in Hernhut, Germany, in 1932; 607

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Delegate to the National Constitutional Convention of the Philippines, 1934.

His present activities are: Minister of the United Church of Manila; General Moderator, United Evangelical Church of the Philippines (Head National United Protestant Churches) ; President, Union College of Manila. His philosophy of life is: "He that findeth his life shall lose it, but he that loseth his life for a good and righteous cause shall find it."

SOLIVEN, BENITO

Assemblyman from the First District of Ilocos Sur and Lawyer. He was born in Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur, on March 20, 1898. He was educated in the Primary School of Sto. D0mingo; in 1911 he studied in the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion in Vigan, where he finished the secondary courl'e and received his Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1917 he entered the University of the Philippines and studied law up to 1921; Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He was representative in 1928 for Ilocos Sur. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman to the first Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

SORIANO, ANDRES

Corporation Executive, Philanthropist, President of the San Miguel Brewery, the biggest corporation of its kind in the Philippines, perhaps in the Orient, a business executive of tried ability and a man of respected judgment; also president of the Sorox & Co., general merchants and realtors on a grand scale.

Born on February 8, 1897, in Manila, the son of Eduardo and Margarita (Roxas y de Ayala) Soriano, Don Andres married Carmen de Montemar in San Sebastian in 1920. Their children are prominent in Manila activities.

608

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Soriano is a descendant of an old distinguished Spanish family whose name is linked with the great com. mercial and large financial affairs of the country.

Educated at the Ateneo de Manila, he also attended Stonyhurst College of Lancashire, England, and the Escuela Superior de Comercio in Madrid, Spain. He returned to Manila in 1917 and took part in the management of his family's vast interests.

He is president of the Spanish Chamber of Commerce, member of the board of directors of various business and civic organizations.

Don Andres first worked at the San Miguel Brewery in 1918 as assistant accountant; then he was appointed Acting Manager and General Manager in 1924, and elected President in 1931. These records just confirm his singular ability, his continuous progress, his rare faculties in coping with the large problems of life's business.

SOTTO, FILEMON

Journalist and Former Senator for the 10th district of Cebu. Born in the city of Cebu, he studied the first letters in his own home under the guidance of his own father.

He entered the Seminary of San Carlos of Cebu and later the College of San Juan de Letran and the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. He took up medicine but forsook this career after he had completed the third year. While he was still a student, he collaborated in various newspapers and founded with some other persons the La M oda Filipina.

When he arrived in Cebu, he dedicated himself to journalism. He also founded and directed Ellmparcial, Ang Kaluwa.san, La Opinion, and La Revolucion, and directed El Nacional during the Revolution and was the publisher of the famous El Nuevo Dia. His pseudonym is Juan Guerilla. He was elected councilor and then vice-president and municipal president of Cebu. He also became Assist609

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ant Fiscal of Cebu and Fiscal of N egros Oriental, but resigned in 1907 to be elected as Deputy for the third district of Cebu during the first Philippine Legislature. He was elected three times to this same office, 1909, 1912 and 1916. During the first senatorial elections of October, 1916, he was elected Senator for Cebu. Don Filemon, brother of Vicente Sotto, was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

SOTTO, VICENTE

Lawyer and Journalist. Born in the city of Cebu, he studied in the College Seminary of Cebu and in the College of San Juan de Letran, where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts. Then he enrolled in the Real and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas of Manila, graduating as Perito Mercantil, and later entered the Escuela de Derecho, graduating as Bachiller en Ciencias J uridicas. In March, 1907, he passed the bar examinations. It was in 1899, when he began his colorful career as journalist and founded La Justicia, the first native daily in Cebu, which was suspended

by American authorities. Then he founded the El Nacional, and in 1900 El Pueblo, a radical paper that distinguished itself for its campaigns in defense of popular interests.

For this he was many times sued for questions concerning its publication. In 1901 he started a Bisayan vernacular paper Ang Suga (The Light). In the same year, he revolutionized the Bisayan theatrical art and produced his first Bisayan work Gugma sa Yutamg Nat('J,whan, and then Ag Dila sa Babae, Maputi ug Maitum. As a public man, in 1907 he was elected municipal president of Cebu. In the same year, he went to Hongkong and founded The Philippine Re'[YWblic. In 1914, he came to the Philippines and published in 1915 a weekly magazine, The Independent, for which he became famous. In the same year, he was elected first President of the Asamblea Obrera de Filipinas. In 610

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1922 he became candidate as representative for the second district of Cebu and triumphed. A brother of Filemon Sotto, he was elected in 1934 Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Mr. Sotto has traveled in Europe extensively. He is an outspoken politician and a forceful editor.

Roy STANLEY "Under his management, one of the most important commercial institutions in the Philippines, known as the Philippine American Drug Company, had an era of rapid and steady development."

"To come in contact with him is to feel the throb of action, of optimism, of something more ... " said those who know him well.

General Manager of the biggest commercial firm of its kind in the Orient, the Philippine American Drug Co., retailers and wholesalers and manufacturers of pharmaceutical products.

J.VJ;r. Roy Stanley Springer is his name. Mr. Springer, the embodiment of the busy man, was born on November i5, 1892, in Elm Creek, Nebraska, U. S. A., the son of Howard Douglas and Lelia Fern (Worley) Springer.

In 1913 Mr. Springer was a registered pharmacist in Kansas. He graduated from the University of Kansas, A. B., in 1915. Already equipped with considerable experience obtained in EI Dorado, Kansas, Mr. Springer went to the Islands and then joined the German Dispensary in 1916, but when this firm was as a result of the World War sold to the Philippine American Drug Co., in 1922, he was made general manager. Through his able management the business of the greatest drug store in the Philippines has not only prospered but has grown and led all the rest.

Mr. Springer is an Elk, Mason, Shriner; also m~mber of Casino Espanol, Elks, Polo, and Manila Golf clubs.

SPRINGER,

611

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES As a personification of progressive business, Mr. Springer believes in nothing as a key to success but "Hard Work-first and last and all the time."

W. Pastor and Author. Pastor Stagg has been oftentimes called "the fighting pastor." He is pastor of the Cosmopolitan Church on 601 San Marcelino, Manila. An eloquent Speaker, Mr. Stagg is the author of the biography of Teodoro R. Yangco, the Filipino philanthropist and business leader. He also wrote other booklets, such as The Ideal Filipino Girl. Mr. Stagg has, because of his sincerity of purpose, many followers as well as admirers.

STAGG, SAMUEL

S'1'EELE, JAMES KING

Manager, Philippine Tourist Association; Pioneer, Tourist Industry in the Far East.

One of the bes~ known of the specialists in this field is Mr. James King Steele, the dean of this industry in the Philippines. For more than twenty-five years he has been identified with the tourist traffic in the Pacific littoral.

Recognizing as far back as 1906 that in the promotion of the tourist business lay one of the important fields of trade, he determined to devote his activities to this phase of the transportation business. Obtaining a post in a minor capacity with the Hotel Del Monte, one of the great hotels of California, he was made advertising manager in 1907 in charge of all promotional activities.

In 1910 he founded and published the "Del Monte Weekly"-a travel magazine-which was merged with "World Traveler" the following year as a monthly publication. He continued as editor and publisher until 1916 when he sold it to take over the editorship of the "Pacific Motor Magazine" which was sold to a motor association the sam.e year. Later as advertising manager of the Toyo 612

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Kisen Kaisha, the largest of the Japanese steamship companies, he became practically the chief publicity man and promotion agent in tourist matters for the Japanese.

In 1917 he founded the monthly "Japan," a magazine devoted to Oriental travel, of which he continued as editor and publisher until 1929 when he turned it over to the Nippon Yusen Kaisha, another Japanese line which had merged with the Toyo Kisen Kaisha. During his connection with the Japanese Mr. Steele made yearly trips across the Pacific, traveled over all of the Far East and made several journeys around the world.

He was associated with the early organization of the Japan Tourist Bureau, the Hawaii Tourist Bureau and other travel organizations devoted to the development of the tourist business on the Pacific.

Upon the organization of the Philippine Tourist Association in 1929 at the suggestion of Governor-General Dwight F. Davis of the Philippine Islands, he resigned from the Japanese post to become director of the Philippine Tourist Association with headquarters in Manila, which post he has held ever since.

Mr. Steele married Miss Edith Shorb of San Marino, California, and has two children, Shorb Steele and Mi~s Peggy Steele, both living in San Francisco.

Mr. Steele is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Member of the California Academy of Science, Japan Society of America, Philippine Association of America, Pacific Geographical Society, National Geographical Society. His foreign decorations are-Officer of the Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol (Indo-China) 1924, Officer of the Dragon of Annam (Indo-China) 1926, Officer of the Dragon of Cambodia, 1931. He is a member of various clubs-Ends of the Earth (New York), Polo, Rotary, Army and Navy (Manila) .

613

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Mr. Steele is the author of The Hope Ranch, 1910, Oriental Outings, 1918, Wandering Feet, 1923, Strange Beds, 1924, Manila, City of Contrasts, 1931, and numerous brochures on travel subjects.

"Find a job and stick fo it. When you love your job, you can make everything out of it-even your life's happiness," says Mr. Steele-the Pioneer in the Tourist Industry in the Orient.

J. E. H. Corporation Executive; Vice-President and General Manager, Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company.

Pioneers, like poets, are born, not made. They blaze the trails for others to follow. They make two ears of corn where only one grew bef0re. They sacrifice the best years of their lives so that others may live in comforts and in safety. For service is the paramount ideal of their existence.

Dynamic in personality and charming in manners and optimistic in nature, Mr. J. E. H. Steve not is a pioneerleader in establishing the electric light, aviation and long distance telephone service in the Philippine Islands. It is to his credit that the long distance telephone service was established in the Philippines, which today connects Manila, the trade center of the Pacific, by telephone with millions of other telephones throughout the world and with ships at sea.

The friend of the great and humble, Mr. Stevenot has around him in his office in Plaza Santa Cruz the autographed pictures of leaders of many nationalities. One of them is a photograph of that Filipino leader in thought and in business, Mr. Arsenio N. Luz, not to speak of the Governors-General and others. Inscribed on it is this glowing tribute: "To Joe Stevenot--one of the Builders of the New Philippines-a Great Worker and a Great Friend."

STEVENOT,

614

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES The lives of pioneers are simple but colorful. Born on December 23, 1888, at Melones, in the heart of the great Mother Lodge gold mining region of California, this pioneer builder is the son of Emile K. and Sarah Hamilton (Stephens) Stevenot. In 1919 he married Elma D. Kimball of Burlingame, California. They have two daughters, Myra Gene and Shirley. He studied at the La Salle College, San Francisco, and in the School of Military Aeronautics, University of Texas. Working with the Paul Seilers Electric Works of San Francisco, the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company, the Oakland & San Jose Electric Railroad, and the Engineering Department of the Southern Electric Railroad Co., he has, as a result, acquired considerable experience by the time he arrived in the Philippines in 1920, on board the Transport "Sheridan".

A leader is indeed a leader wherever he goes. Mr. Stevenot entered the public utiHty field in the Philippines by becoming Chief Engineer of the Baguio Electric & Power Co., Manager of the Century Electric Co., and Manager .and Consulting Engineer of the E. C. McCullough & Co.'s Electrical Department in Manila. He then opened offices as a Consulting Engineer, designing electric light systems and organizing public utility companies, until he volunteered his services in the World War. But the greatest work of this great pioneer is with the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co., as Vice-President and General Manager, a company he organized and for which he obtained a franchise that covers not alone the Philippine Islands but includes authority for world-wide telephone service.

Mr. Steve not is director of the Philippine Telephone & Telegraph Co., Zamboanga Telephone Co., Philippine Milling Co., Philippine Trust Co., Fidelity & Surety Co. of the Philippine Islands, Philippine Realty Corporation, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Bagulo Chamber of Commerce, 615

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Philippine Engineering Co., Philippine Tourist Association, AviatIon Corporation of the Philippines, Philippine Aerial Taxi Co., Western Equipment and Supply Co., and the Eureka Syndicate, as well as trustee for bondholders of the Mindoro Sugar Co., trustee of the Philippine Anti-Leprosy Society, and member of the Board of Administrators of Hacienda San Jose, and director of the Panay, Cebu and Negros Telephone & Tâ‚Źlegraph companies.

It was Mr. Stevenot who founded the International Chamber of Commerce of Iloilo. Aside from his string of important business connâ‚Źctions, he finds time for social contacts, but very little time for physical recreation. He is member of the Casino Espanol, Manila Polo Club, Wack Wack Golf & Country Club, Army & Navy Club, Club Filipino, Baguio Golf and Country Club, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, American Society for the Advance~nt of Science, Metric Association, Life Member U. S. Navy League, Foreign Policy Association, Honorary Member of the Pan Xenia Fraternity, President of the Philippine Council Boy Scouts of America, Vice-President of Philippine National Guard Association, Member of Governor-General's Committees on Coordination of Electrical Communications, and A viaton, Department Commander of the American Legion, and other organizations.

Mr. Stevenot organized in 1917 the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps, Philippine National Guard, and later as a Major served with the U. S. Army Air Corps, as pursuit pilot.

A pioneer-leader in all he does, he is always thinking and doing all he can to contribute to the sum of human happiness. For here is a thinker and a doer.

He is the soul of optimism, cheerful in nature, ever looking at the brighter side of life, ever interested in human welfare, ever endeavoring to do more.

616

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES A great philosopher once said that, after all is said and done, it is what you have done-Service-that counts in this world. It is service that makes others happy.

Something like what the Great Book says: "Greater love hath no man than this, that a m.an lay down his life for his friends." That is Mr. Stevenot.

His life is colorful. It is rich in service. He has made others happy. He has d{)ne his bit. And his ideal is to serve. Could man do more?

When, therefore, this great pioneer's life shall be closed, on the last page of his book shall be written: "J. E. H. STEVENOT.-One of the Great Builders of the New Philippines-a Great Worker and a Great Friend."

SUMULONG, JUAN

Lawyer and former Senator. "An upright judge, a legislator, a famous lawyer, and abov~ all, an honest, sincere man--that is Juan Sumul{)ng," wrote the Graphic on Mr. Juan Sumulong, attorney-at-law and political leader.

Mr. Sumulong was born on December 27, 1875, in the historic town of Antipolo, province of Rizal; son of Policarpo Sumulong and Arcadia Marquez. He married Salome Sumulong in 1898, and has seven children.

He received his elementary education in Antipolo and attended San Juan de Letran and enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas, in order to take up law. He wa~ admitted to the bar in 1900, when he was m.ade fiscal for the province of Marinduque by Governor Taft as recommended

by Justice Arellano, but declined the appointment in order to attend to his private practice. However, he acce.pted another appointment, in 1906, as Judge of the Court of First Instance, assigned to the Land Court until 1909.

As a bright laWyer and leader, Mr. Sumulong was appointed a member of the Philippine Commission by Presca~able

617

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ident Roosevelt. In 1925 when he launched his candidacy for senator he was elected senator from the fourth district, as minority leader, until 1931, when, retiring from office, in order to attend to his private practice, he became head of the Democrata Party. In 1930-31 he was a m,e m路 ber of the Philippine Legislative Mission to the United States. His present law firm is known as Sumulong, Lavides and Mabanag.

Mr. Sumulong is a born leader. As a law student, he joined the Philippine Revolution in 1896 to defend the cause of his country which he firmly believed to be just and legitimate. As a lawyer his career is notably brilliant.

But what really influenced him in life to take .up law and enter politics was his connection with his professor in San Juan de Letran who advised him: "You had better becom.e a lawyer," and also his connection with the University of Santo Tomas, when associated with such famous young men, as Emilio Jacinto, and others. Then he truly became interested in politics, although his family was against it.

Mr. Sumulong is a self-made man, for his parents were poor. But his ambition to make good carried him on through a successful and colorful life. As head of the Democrata Party, it was his aim. and object to teJl the truth and to render good service to the government, as he always felt that our people were not well experienced in political science. Although he was now ,and then criticized, yet his ututerings furnished real food for thought; and as a result he has become one of the foremost political leaders in the Islands.

Mr. Sumulong's guiding principle in life is brief and simple. "It is a saying which my father used to repeat to me and which I later wrote on a fly-leaf of my law book.

Here it is. 'Never say anything that you cannot do, nor do anything that you cannot say'."

618

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES SUNTAY, ANGEL

Lawyer and Proprietor. Born in Hagonoy, Bulacan, on January 8, 1898, he learned the first letters from his parents and then enrolled in the public school of his native town where he finished the primary and intermediate courses. He came to Manila and attended the Ateneo de Manila where he received in March, 1915, the degree of Bachelor of Arts, curn laude. Later he went to the United States, enrolling in the University of Georgetown. In 1919, he took and passed the examinations in the Court of Appeals of the District of Columhia. In 1920 he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws and in 1925 he returned to the Philippines and took the bar examinations. From 1926 to 1928, he was deputy provincial fiscal of Bulacan, and in the beginning of 1928, he left the government service and presented his candidacy as representative for the first district of Bulacan and was elected. He is one of the leading lawyers and proprietors of his province.

SUNER, TEODULFO

Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and Lawyer. Born in Ibajay, Capiz, on June 24, 1898, and the son of Pedro Suner and Ana Silva, Attorney Suner received most of his early education from his parents and from two private tutors, Simeon and Flores Mobo. He also studied in the Colegio de San Vicente Ferrer in J aro, Iloilo, and graduated from the University of Santo Tomas as Bachelor of Laws in 1917. He was Registrar of Deeds of Capiz from 1925 to 1928, and Representative from Capiz from 1928 to 1931. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the third district of Capiz to the Constitutional Convention.

Sy CIP, ALBINO Lawyer, Merchant and Banker. Prominent in Manila social and civic society.

619

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was born on December 17, 1887, in Manila, as the son of Jose Z. Sy Cip and Yulan Sy Cip. He married Vonling Bau in Shanghai in 1916.

He is a member of the Philippine Columbian Association, Cosmos Club and Oriental Club.

He studied law at the University of Michigan, getting his LL. B. in 1912.

A well-known attorney Mr. Sy Cip was engaged in private practice from 19.1 2 to 1918. Business, however, claimed -his attention, especially banking. For he is vicepresident and one of the executives of the China Banking Corporation. He is also a director of the Yutivo Sons Hardware Co., and the Philippine Carnival Association; ex-president and honorary vice-president of the Chinese Y.M.C.A.; member too of the Philippine Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (president for three years), and president of the Oriental Life Assurance Society, president and general manager, General Manufacturing Co., president, San Jose Rice Mill.

As a legal talent, Mr. Sy Cip was conferred the LL.D. degree by St. John's University of Shanghai in 1929.

A visit to Mr. Sy Cip's office at the China Bank Building will reward one's good conception of him. He is always at work, never hustling but always serene, thinking of things that would help others and make them happy.

Sy CIP, ALFONSO Z. Business Executive, President and General Manager of the Yek Hua Trading Corporation, exporters and importers of local and foreign goods and products.

Educated at the Anglo-Chinese College of Foochow, China, and a graduate from the same school in 1903, Mr. Sy Cip has, through much self-study, made up the rest of his education both in English and in Spanish.

620

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Born on August 5, 1883, in the city of Manila, and the brother of Mr. Albino Z. Sy Cip of the China Banking Corporation, Mr. Sy Cip, after leaving school, has devoted himself entirely to business. He was the manager of Joaquin Castor, 1903-1914; manager and vice-president of Siy Cong Bieng & Co., Inc., 1914-1921; president and general manager of Yek Hua Trading Corporation from 1921 to date, and president of General Manufactures Company.

Aside from his principal business activities, Mr. Sy Cip finds ample time to attend to civic and social affairs of the community, such as being a member of the board of directors of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce; charter member and member of the Rotary Club; member of Columbian Club, Cosmos Club, Oriental Club, Gun Club, and Wack Wack Golf and Country Club. He is also a member of Lodge Cosmos, No.8, F. &. A.M., Philippine Bodies, Scottish Rite and Nile Temple of Seattle, U. S. A. Once a. director of the Bank of the Philippine Islands, Mr. Sy Cip was one of the organizers of the Chinese Hospital and the Chinese Cemetery of Cebu and former president of the General Chinese Chamber of Commerce.

Being well versed in business affairs, he stated as his opinion that "He who serves best profits most." And he continued, "To do business is to have employment. My object is to get busy and earn money, thus occupying my time wisely, and in so doing to provide employment, besides, for other people. Thus, I try to serve best in order to profit most."

TABUNAR, GABINO

Dean, College of Education, National University.

Mr. Gabino Tabufiar acted at one time President of the National University, Manila, one of the greatest private educational institutions in the Islands.

621

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Born in Bacnotan, La Union, on Feb. 19, 1893, he attended the elementary school in Bacnotan and San Fernando, La Union, and finished the first year in San Fernando high school.

"It was in the year 1908, the time when the province was sending student pensionados to study in the Philippine Normal School," he said. "I was appointed as one of the student pensionados to study in the Philippine Normal School. I enrolled in the Philippine Normal School in 1908 and graduated in March, 1912."

Continuing his interesting early experiences in life he said: "Immediately after my graduation I was assigned as principal of the Bacnotan Intermediate School.

President Camilo Osias was then the Supervising Teacher.

In 1914 I was made Principal of the Agoo Elementary School.

"In 1915, I was appointerl Academy Supervisor in Bataan, and in 1917-1919, Academic Supervisor of Tayabas'.

"It was in 1919 when I was sent as one of the government students to the United States to pursue studies in educational administration. I left the Philippines in 1919 going directly to Western Illinois Teachers College at Macomb, Illinois. I took summer courses in the University of Chicago, finishing my B. S. E. degree in 1921. I left for New York in 1921 to attend Columbia University and finished my Master's Degree in Teachers College, Columbia University, in 1922. Immediately after my graduation in September I returned home and got an assignment as Academic Supervisor in Camarines Sur in October. The following year in June, I was appointed Principal of the Abra High School. Then, in 1925, I was made Principal of the La Union High School. But in 1926, I was transferred back to Abra as Division Superintendent of Schools.

The following year I was sent to Zambales in the same 622

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES capacity. I resigned from' the Bureau the following year to act as the Representative of the John C. Winston Co. of Philadelphia in the Philippines. After working one year with the Company I applied for reinstatement in the Bureau of Education. My application was accepted and I was assigned to Antique in 1928."

When. President Osias was made resident commissioner to Washington and the presidential post at the National University was left vacant, there began a search for the right man for the right place. In view of the efficient work and brilliant service of Mr. Tabufiar as an educator, the choice fell on him, and from 1928 to 1934 he acted as the president of the National University.

K. Assemblymal\ from the Third District of the Mountain Province and Merchant. He was born in Bontoc, Mountain Province, on April 23, 1898. He was educated in the Primary School and Elementary School of Bontoc, 1911; Teachers Camp, Baguio, 1915; High School, Riverside Brookfield, Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A., 1921; Bachelor of Arts, Toledo University, Ohio, U. S. A., 1926. In 19261929, he was high school teacher, Baguio; 1929-1931, Supervising Teacher, Apayao District, Mountain Province; 1932-1934, Assistant Deputy Provincial Governor in Apayao, Mountain Province; 1934-1935, Supervising Teacher, Kayan District, Mountain Province. He was elected in 1935 member to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

TAIT, GEORGE

T AIT, STEW ART

Sportsman and Organizer and President of the Philippine Racing Club, Inc. One of the old timers of the Philippines and identified with the sporting clubs of the Islands, especially with Churchill and Tait, famous for 623

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES having made Pancho Villa the flyweight champion of the world, Mr. Tait has once more shown his organizing ability in heading the Philippine Racing Club, Inc. Manly sports, according to this gentleman, mean the symmetrical development of our physical constitution.

TAMAYO, SERAPH>

Educator, President of the oldest university of the Philippines, the University of Santo Tomas of Manila, ten years older than Harvard University of America or the oldest institution under the American flag.

Born in Valencia, Spain, on November 8, 1866, Father Tamayo was educated in his town and later in Sto. Tomas Avila, Madrid. A Domincian at 16, he went to the Philippines in 1891, served as professor for three years at San Juan de Letran College, and was transferred to the University of Santo Tomas, where he took his degrees of Doctor of Canon Laws and Doctor of Philosophy, 1894-1895.

Father Tamayo received his appointment as director of the university in 1894. Under his care and tutorship some of our prominent leaders in almost every walk of life were educated.

He was once rector of San Alberto College, Dagupan, Pangasinan and vicar general of the Dominican order; and in 1929 he assumed again the rectorship of the University of Santo Tomas. In 1936 he retired to become general adviser of the institution only.

Newspapers and magazines in Manila and abroad are one in their commendation that Father Tamayo contributed not a small measure to making the University of Santo Tomas what it is today-famous all over the world, modern and leading-a power for good in shaping the lives of the flower of the land.

There is now the earthquake-proof concrete building in Sampaloc, whose portals are open not only to men but 624

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES women who wish to imbibe the knowledge that belongs to all sexes and to all ages.

He is the author of such erudite works, a,s the Procedimiento de Derecho Penal Canonico, El Amigo del Par rroco Filiptino, and General Idea of Ecclesiastical Division in the Philippines During the Spamish Domination.

"Travel," said Rev. Tamayo, "makes one love his country more. Besides it educates a great deal." For he is liimself a great traveler.

From his cloister, Father Tamayo comes out with this meditation on the Life and Co~fessions of St. Augustine: "All I did or would be is but the will of God ... " and he continued serenely, "'Alius sic, alius sic ibat' applies to St. Augustine in relation to Sto. Tomas de Aquino.

While St. Augustine had a wild life of vice in his youth, until his 33rd year when he was converted to the Catholic faith, St. Thomas was innocent, and was like an angel from his childhood until his death... However, both became great saints and doctors of the Roman Catholic Church. Thus, it is evident that though diverse the ways of the world are, yet they all lead to the same road or object when a will that is just and strong and supreme rules over us all."

Broad-minded, thoughtful, calm, Father Tamayo represents the very ideal he has expressed above and the very soul of what he has taught to his eminent pupils who are now leaders in many a calling of useful life.

TAMBUATCO, DOMINGO

Surgeon and Proprietor of the Harrison Hospital at Pasay, Rizal, specializing in surgery. Dr. Domingo Tambuatco is a man who has made his way through college in the United States.

625

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Educated at the Liceo de Manila and the University of Santo Tomas, 1917, he worked at the Philippine General Hospital and served as district health officer, Bureau of Health, Calam,ba, Laguna. He took post graduate courses in anatomy at Harvard University, 1919-20, and general surgery at the Chicago Post Graduate School and Hospital, 1920-22. While in the United States he worked as assistant superintendent of the Southwestern Minnesota Sanatorium, 1922-24, and as an intern at the Jefferson Park Hospital in order to qualify in the state medical board of Pennsylvania, 1925. He practised surgery in Philadelphia as assistant physician at the Philadelphia Hospital until 1929, when he returned to the Philippines.

In Manila he opened a private clinic at the Kneedler Building and then the Harrison Hospital, which is considered one of the leading hospitals of the Isands. Dr. Tambuatco also finds time to teach in some institutions of learning.

Dr. Tambuatco was born on January 9, 1892, in Cabuyao, Laguna, the son of Felix Tambuatco and Filomena Acuna. He married Maria Hauss, in Philadelphia, 1923. He is a member of the Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico.

As a leading physician and surgeon, Dr. Tambuatco observes: "To forge ahead in his line, one should not mislead the public. One can do so once, but not all the time.

One must treat people and patients on the level. As you sow so shall you reap."

TAMESIS, FLORENCIO

Assistant Director of Forestry, Manila. Born in Unisan, Tayabas, on November 7, 1888, his parents are Saturnino Tamesis and Graciana Revuelta. He entered the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, from 626

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1909 to 1911 and the School of Forestry of the same university, Ranger Course, 1912. Later he studied in the University of Washington, where he obtained his B.S.F., in 1922, and his M.S.F., in 1923. He entered the Bureau of Forestry in 1907 as student assistant. Mr. Tamesis has been engaged in reconnaissance work under American foresters, in charge of forest reserves and nurseries; assistant in Dendrology, School of Forestry; detailed to the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco; took charge of Forest Districts, and was assistant and chief of divisions. Later on he was sent to the United States as government pensionado at the University of Washington, and then he has been forester-atlarge directly under the Director of Forestry, and in charge of investigative 'work and of the Crude Rubber Investigation in cooperation with the U. S. Rubber Commission. He was member of various government and department committees and member of the Plant Quarantine Board. Mr. Tamesis has been Assistant Director of Forestry since November 18, 1927, up to date. He is charter member of the National Research Council of the Philippines and contributor to Philippine scientific literature. "Social Service" -that is his mission in this world.

TAN, ANTOLIN

Assemblyman from the First District of Samar, and Physician. The son of Simon Tan, he was born in Calbayog, Samar, on September 2, 1901. He attended and finished the primary, intermediate, secondary courses in San Vicente de Paul College of Calbayog, Samar, with the Bachelor of Arts degree. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery from the University of Santo Tomas in 1926. He was elected representative for the first district of Samar in 1934 to the tenth Philippine Legislature. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the 627

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES first district of Samar to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

TAN, DOMINADOR

Assemblyman from the Second District of Leyte and Lawyer. He was born in Ormoc, Leyte, on March 21, 1905. He was educated in the Escuela Elemental of Ormoc, Leyte; Colegio de San Carlos of Cebu; and in the Philippine Law School, Manila, Bachelor of Laws. Mr. Tan was translator in the Bureau of Agriculture, the Bureau of Internal Revenue, and then in the Departamento de Haciendas. He was also Municipal Councilor of Ormoc, and later elected Representative to the Tenth Legislature.

In 1935 he was elected as one of the Assemblymen of Leyte the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

TAN, VIDAL A.

Professor of Mathematics, University of the Philippines. He was born in Bacolor, Pampanga, on April 28, 1893. He obtained his A.B. degree from the University of the Philippines in 1913. He continued his studies abroad and later obtained his C.E.M.A. from the Cornell University in 1918; his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1925. When he returned to the Philippines, he became instructor in mathematics, 1918-1922, and later professor in mathematics, 1922-1934, University of the Philippines. He is charter member, National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. Dr. Tan has been a U. P. Fellow to Cornell University from 1915 to 1918, and to the University of Chicago from 1923 to 1925. Dr. Tan is also a writer who has written several plays and essays.

TANCO, ARTURO V.

Chief Engineer, Philippine Engineering Company, one of the leading Electrical Engineers in the Philippines.

628

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINE'S Educated at the San Isidro public schools of Nueva Ecija and at the University of the Philippines where he obtained his B.S.M.E., 1923, and his B.S.E.E., 1924, Mr. Tanco was born on May 7, 1901, in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, son of Patricio Tanco and Victorina Valle.

Mr. Tanco worked in Occidental Negros with the Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co. in 1924 and with the TalisaySilay Milling Co. in 1925. He became connected with the Philippine Engineering Co. of Manila first as assistant engineer in 1926 and later as chief engineer in 1928. In said concern he worked as acting manager from August, 1930, to January, 1931.

Standing high in his profession, Mr. Tanco is a member of the Board of Examiners for Electrical Engineers; he is also a member and director of many social, fraternal and professional organizations.

Very active in ~is career and very modest in his manners, Mr. Tanco, a leading electrical engineer of the Islands, is doing his bit for his native country.

TA YLOR, CARSON

Editor and Journalist; Founder and Publisher of The Manila Daily B'l.tlletirn. A Mason and a prominent member of various social clubs, Mr. Taylor was born in Crawford County, Illinois, in January, 1875, and educated in the public schools in Danville, Indiana, and in the Central Normal College. During the Spanish-American War he joined the First Colorado Regiment. He was here in 1898, and with a friend he founded The Manila Daily Bulletin, primarily as a shipping and commercial guide, but now a morning daily, which is the most powerful American newspaper in the Islands.

TEE HAN KEE

Physician and Businessman. The first Chinese doctor admitted to practice medicine in the Philippines and 629

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the first Chinese doctor to work under the Philippine Health Service is none other than Dr. Tee Han Kee, the most popular Chinese doctor in the whole Philippines, known for his wide medical practice and as Director of the Chinese General Hospital.

Dr. Tee Han Kee was born in Amoy, China, on February 4, 1880, the son of Tee Chit Gin and Go Giok. He was educated in his native town and in the Anglo-Chinese College of Foochow. He later enrolled at Hongkong Medical College where he obtained his L. M. S. degree in 1902.

He came to the Philippines in 1902, took the medical board examination and passed it. Upon his admission to practice his profession here, he was appointed assistant surgeon in the Philippine. Health Service, remaining in that work for nineteen years. In 1921 he left the government service and then reorganized the Chinese General Hospital, converting it into one of the most efficient and modern institutions. To this able director, Dr. Tee Han Kee, belongs the honor of making this hospital the admiration of islanders and foreigners.

Dr. Tee Han Kee has done much to win over the Philippine Chinese and to support morally and financially the revolutionary movement in China of Sun Yat Sen. For this grand patriotic work, the good doctor was highly complimented and esteemed by Sun Yat Sen路, the Chinese national leader. As a result he was also made the first president of the Chinese Nationalist Party of Manila.

In 1907 Dr. Tee Han Kee married Julia Ongleolia.

They have eight children. The doctor is also president of the Chinese Reading Club, Chinese Y. M. C. A., member of the Philippine Medical Association, Cosmos Club and Oriental Club, one of the founders of the Kong Li Po, a Chinese daily, of which he was for nine years president, and president of Farmacia Central, Inc. 630

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES A leader in the Chinese community, Dr. Tee Han Kee attributes his life's success to these three magical words, "Work, Work, Work."

A practitioner for over thirty-three years, he has never had any vacation, except when he was in bed, resting after an operation of appendicitis. It is work that makes him healthy and happy. Work never kills anybody while laziness is the worst disease .

He is also an inspiring speaker. What did he say to the young Chinese graduates?

"After graduation, you think you know all. With your titles you seem to own the world. But commencement day means only the practicing of what you know, utilizing your knowledge to advantage. To be successful in life, use what you learned in school; be good, be prac~ tical, work.

Observe his saying-"What commencement exercise is to the newly graduated, marriage ceremony is to the newly wedded. To be successful for the former, one must practice what he has studied in school; for the latter, one must practice what he has promised during courtship."

.

TEODORO, TORIBIO M.

Business Executive; President and Proprietor of the famous Ang Tibay, slipper and shoe manufacturers and merchants. He is dubbed "The Slipper King of the Philippines !"

Ang Tiba1J possesses the most modern Filipino shoe and slipper factory in the Far East, turning out 400 pairs of shoes a day and 6,000 pairs of chinelas a week, and having branches and agencies all over the Islands. This establishment employs more than 200 workers and pays more than P15,000 monthly for wages.

Mr. Teodoro is the son of a poor farmer of Tondo, Julian Teodoro and Apolinaria del Mundo. He was born in 631

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Caloocan, Rizal, on April 27, 1887. When he was twelve years old he worked in a cigar factory, EI Oriente, at eighty centavos a week, and later at P5.00 a week. But he left the factory in order to better his chance of living.

He went to an uncle of his and worked as a cutter in a slipper shop.

Two years later he was with a Tabora slipper factory.

Still there was something in him urging him to work .for his own and not to be exploited by others. So with his savings, P210.00, he opened in 1910 a small slipper shop with Juan Katindig, as partner, naming the shop, "Ang Tibay." "His uncle tried to put him down," commented some of his biographers. "Undaunted he went on and worked for the, growth of the firm. In 1921 the business was worth P86,O'OO. Then Mr. Katindig and he separated."

With his share of 43,000.00 in 1922, Mr. Teodoro began to conduct the slipper pusiness in his own way and with more vigor than ever. As a consequence, the business progressed and sales more than doubled.

People just wondered. Everybody said, "He is lucky."

"I consider no one too poor," he stated. "Capital is not necessary. It is the will that some lacks. Work and you will see. There are four requisites to this success which we mistakenly call luck; first, begin from the bottom; second, patience; third, hard work; and fourth, continuous study."

Anyone who meets Mr. Teodoro at once feels the throb of activity and enthusiasm, and gets the impression that this slipper magnate is a good, active, honest worker.

He says that there is no gain without pain. He urges our young men to go to Mindanao and help develop that deh country.

The Free Press says he rose "From Laborer to Factory King."

632

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Teodoro is a member of Biak-na-Bato Lodge No. 7, F. & A. M., Wack Wack Golf and Country Club; director of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce; chairman, Committee on Commerce and Industry, Boys' Day, and president of the Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Filipinas and of the Filipino Slippers Association, and Acting President of the Nepa.

Truly, as the Commerce and Industry Journal says, Mr. Teodoro's life reads like a romance.

TIRONA, EMILIANO TRIA

Lawyer. Born in Kawit, Cavite, in the year 1882, he studied in the primary school of his town and in 1893 entered the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In 1896, because of the Rev'olution, he returned to his province, but in 1898, he continued his studies in the Instituto Burgos in Malolos under the auspices of th~ Filipino Republican Government. In 1899 he entered the Ateneo de Manila where he obtained the title of Bachelor of Arts in 1902. He took the law course in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1905, and was in July of that year admitted by the Supreme Court to practise his profession. In 1906 he graduated as Licenciado en Ciencias J uridicas in the Escuela de Derecho. He was made Secretary of the Instituto Filipino, later Sub-Director of the same and finally Director. He was named professor of the Escuela de Derecho in 1906. He was President of the Nacionalista Committee of Kawit, and during the convention of October 6, 1908, he was elected member of the Executive Committee of the Partido N acionalista. In the general convention of July, 1910, he was elected Member of the Directory and later, Vice-Secretary General of the party. In January 19, 1909, during a special election, he was Delegate for Cavite, and re-elected to the second 633

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Philippine Legislature. He was also chosen senator and later representative, when affiliated with the Democrata Party. He joined the Independence Mission in 1931.

TIRONA-BENITEZ, FRANCISCA

President, Philippine Women's University and Educator. Mrs. Benitez is a graduate of the Philippine Normal School and instructor at one time of the same school. She was also Assistant Dean of the Normal Hall and Delegate of the Philippines to the Institute of Pacific Relations held in Kyoto, Japan, in 1929. She is the wife of Dean Conrado Benitez of the University of the Philippines. The phenomenal growth of her institution from the Philippine Women's College to the Philippine W0men's University is due mostly to her executive ability, her deh experience in life and her very practical educational attainments. Mrs. Benitez is often called by her ~lumni as "one of the best of mothers."

She is also one of the women leaders in the community and her career offers to young women a life of emulation and example.

E. Foremost Filipino Sculptor. Mr. Guillermo E. Tolentino is at present connected with the School of Fine Arts, University of the Philippines.

He was born on July 24, 1890, in Malolos, capital of Bulacan. It was Mrs. H. A. Bordner who first instructed Mr. Tolentino in drawing. He studied, after finishing the intermediate school, at the Malolos High School. Don Severino de los Reyes, then editor of "Liwayway," struck with the pictures of young Tolentino, lithographed and published them. Young Guillermo, on seeing his products in print, was greatly encouraged. He entered the Manila High School and enrolled in the School 0f Fine Arts of the University of the Philippines, graduating in 1915.

TOLENTINO, GUILLERMO

634

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES As a student Mr. Tolentino was self-supporting. In 1918 he made Rizal monuments and mausoleums. With his savings he sailed for the United States in 1919. In Washington, D. C., he secured a job as a waiter in a restaurant one summer. Inspired by President Wilson's work for peace he modelled a statuette called "Peace," which symbolized the President's ideals as embodied in his famous 14 points. This became the turning-point in his life. The manager of the inn where he worked was moved by Tolentino's art. It happened then that an American lady, the private secretary to Mrs. Wilson and a friend of his employer, spoke about the work to the President. Soon Mr. Tolentino received word that the President would see him.

And so his life's dream was realized. An American millionaire, Mr. Bernard Baruch, became his protector and pensioned him. He studied in the Beaux Arts School of New York City.

In Europe Mr. Tolentino spent his time visiting and studying the famous museums and galleries in London and Paris. With the help of his countrymen he was able to devote his time to further his studies at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Rome. He spent two years in Rome, 19211923, where he created his famous "Saluto Romano." In a sculptural competition in Rome he won second prize with his study of "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse."

When he returned in 1925 to Manila he opened a sculptural shop of his own. A year later, however, he got his appointment as professor in the School of Fine Arts. His "Oblation," a monument to the National Heroes, is a revelation of his art, and his Bonifacio monument a testimony to his greatness.

Mr. Tolentino is a born sculptor. His favorite master is the Italian sculptor Bistolfi whose works are poems in sculpture.

635

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES "What makes a fine sculptor," said Mr. Tolentino, "is inclination. You must have the natural urge so as to mas~ ter the technique of sculpture. Study books, travel, and see the masterpieces of the world. Then create your own.

If you are an artist you can put your soul in the marble and make it live long after you are dead."

His bust of Rizal is considered one of his best works while "Saluto Romano," the Fascist salute, is the most widely known. The Philippine Mag(J)zine, commenting on his works, said: "The works of Tolentino are perfect technically . . . with a poetical and almost musical rhythm which marks them as the works of a true genius . . .

Tolentino is the greatest Filipino sculptor. He is our his~ torian in sculpture, as was Rizal in his novel, Noli."

TOLENTINO, ZOlLO

Provincial Treasurer of Surigao. Mr. Tolentino is the son of Isidoro Tolentino and Ana Cortes Tolentino and was born on June 25, 1888. He has only a meager education, but he is an honest farmer and a hard worker. A firm believer in the saying that "an honest man is the noblest work of God," Mr. Tolentino is not only content in earning an honest living for himself, but he also works for the al~ leviation of the condition of his countrymen, and for the promotion of the prosperity of his country. "Develop the farming industry in the Philippines so that every Filipino can work and own the Philippines, her commerce and industry," is his praiseworthy aim for his native country, the Philippines.

S. Assemblyman from Bohol and Senator to the last Philippine Legislature. Born in Tagbilaran, Bohol, Mr. Torralba is the son of Margarito Torralba and Cirila Sar~ TORRALBA, JUAN

636

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES miento. He was educated in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila, now Manila College of Law, where he ohtained his Bachelor of Laws degree. He is member of the bar of the Philippines. From 1922 to 1928 he was Provincial Governor of his province. It was in 1931 when he was elected Senator, Eleventh Senatorial District of the Islands.

In 1935 he was elected member from the first district of Bohol to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

C. Chief of Police, City of Manila. A product of the Philippine schools as well as the colleges of America, Mr. Torres is the son of the late Justice Florentino Torres. He has occupied various important positions in private and in public life. A soldier by inclination, he has been one of the organizers of the Philippine National Guard. As a politician, he has been also member of the Municipal Board of the City of Manila and President of the Municipal Board also for many years. He is now Colonel. Because of his efficient services with the government, he was recently appointed by President Quezon Chief of the Manila Police Department. To Colonel Torres, who is a man of sterling character, belongs the honor of being the first Filipino to occupy such an important position in the City of Manila.

TORRES, ANTONIO

P. Former Judge, Public Service Commission.

He is 56 years old. He was Director of the Manila College of Law. He started his career in the Judiciary as Assistant of the Bureau of Justice from 1909 "to 1918. He then became Judge of the Municipal Court of Manila from 1918 to 1920; City Fiscal, Manila, from 1920 to 1927, and Under Secretary of Justice from 1927 to 1931. On NovemTORRES, LUIS

637

EN:CYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ber 16, 1931, he was appointed District Judge. In 1933, lie was transferred to the Public Service Commission. In 1936 he retired.

TORRES, RAMON

Secretary of Labor, Journalist and member of the Reales Academias Espanola e Hispano-Americana. Born in Bago, N egros Occidental, on June 12, 1891, he was educated in the public school of his native town and the Ateneo de Manila, where he finished the secondary course and received the title of Bachelor of Arts in March, 1909. In the same year he enrolled in the Real and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas. In 1914 he received the degree of Licenciado en Derecho. As a newspaperman, he worked in Lim's Consolidaeion Naeional. With Francisco Varona he edited El Debate which made both shine as journalists of the first rank. His editorials guided public opinion.

Circumstances brought him to the political front. So urged by his province-mates, he had no other alternative than to accept the nomination to become candidate as representative for the second district of N egros Occidental in 1925. He was named in 1923 Academic Correspondent of the Real Academia Hispano-Americana de Ciencias y Artes, and the next year, Academic Correspondent of the Real Academia Espanola. He was Treasurer of the Seccion de Filipinas and Secretary of the Academia Filipina, Correspondiente de la Lengua. In 1931, he again launched his candidacy as representative and triumphed. Governor Murphy appointed him in 1934 Secretary of Labor because of his meritorious work not only as an editor but also as a legislator.

TREPP, ANDREAS

Doctor of Medicine, Specialist in Tuberculosis. Dr. Trepp is the Medical Director of the Santol Tuberculosis Sanatorium, located in Santol, Caloocan, province of Rizal.

638

BUILDERS OF THE NEW

PHILIPPIN~S

This institution is under the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society. One of the specialists in tubercular diseases, Dr. Trepp has, through his treatment and management, restored to health many a suffering patient.

TRINIDAD, VENANCIO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Tayabas. Son of Gregorio Trinidad and Maximina Luna, he was born in Talisay, Batangas. He had his elementary education in Talisay and Tanauan, Batangas, and is a 1912 graduate of the Philippine Normal School. He obtained A.B. degree from Iowa State Teachers College, U.S.A., 1922, and M.A. degree from Columbia University, New York City, 1928.

He traveled in the United States and in Europe to study teacher-training trends. He began his services in Bauan, Batangas, as Principal of the elementary school in 1912.

Later he was appointed Assistant Academic Supervisor for the division of Batangas in 1915 and Academic Supervisor for the same division in 1917. He was sent to the United States as government pensionado in 1919 and assigned to the Ilocos Norte High School in 1922 as Supervisor of the Training Department, and was appointed Principal of the Laoag Normal School in 1924 and later transferred to the Bayambang Normal School in the same capacity in 1926.

Again he was sent to the United States as one of the first two pensionados under the Educational Leadership Act. Then he was assigned to the General Office of the Bureau of Education as Acting Superintendent on Special Detail and to the division of Samar as Division Superintendent, and transferred to Tayabas, his present station, in 1933 in the same capacity. He has taken charge of the Baguio Vacation Normal School in 1929 and in 1936. Member of the Delta Sigma Rho, a forensic society, and of the Delta Kappa Pi, a society of students of education. His philosophy of life is-"Try to do whatever work is at hand well."

639

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES TRINIDAD, WENCESLAO

Business Executive; Manager of the Pampanga Sugar Development Co., Inc.; and former President of the Philippine Sugar Association.

Born fifty-five years ago in the quiet town of Talisay, of the province of Batangas, Mr. Trinidad, another exam.pIe of a self-made man, is the son of poor parents. His studies at the San Juan de Letran College had to be stopped when the Revolution broke out. But a man who has a will always makes a way, so Mr. Trinidad studied in his own way and became a municipal treasurer and then a certified public accountant.

Mr. Trinidad became successively chief clerk of the provincial treasury at San Jose, Antique, provincial treasurer of Isabela, Laguna, Bataan, Nueva Ecija and Pampanga, Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, and Collector of Internal Revenue.

A man of rare ability is always in demand, and when one was needed, Mr. Trinidad was appointed first Acting Manager of the Philippine National Bank and then General Manager. Because of his splendid service both in the bureau and in the bank, he was offered the management of the famous Pasudeco sugar central, *of which he is now the manager. Since then he has become identified with many corporations, president of Luzon Sure,t y Co., Inc.; president of Luzon Investment Co., Inc.; director of the Philippine Carnival Association; trustee of the Philippine Milling Co., Inc., and president of the Philippine. Sugar Association, National Life Insurance Co., Luzon Investment Co.; member, Government Survey Board, appointed

by President Quezon.

A Past Grand Mast.e r of the Masonic Grand Lodge of路 the Philippines, Mr. Trinidad is the symbol of optimism, the embodiment of efficiency in business management and administration.

640

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES TUASON, CIRIACO

Business Leader; Proprietor and Manager of the firm which bears his name, C. Tuason e Hijos, Inc., founded in 1921.

Obsessed with the idea of doing som.ething different, of having a factory of his own where to produce locally what his people need greatly and pay for tremendously abroad-this was the odyssey of the well known firm C. Tuason e Hijos, manufacturers of cement bricks, tiles and pipes and Mayon stoves which won prizes and praises, everywhere they were exhibited.

Born in the year 1878 at Pateros, province of Rizal, Mr. Tuason is the son of Nicolasa Rivera and Pedro Tuason. After receiving his primary education in his home town, he attended the Escuela N orm.al and later took a course in designing. As the Revolution broke out, he found himself with the re,v olutionists and was given a difficult and dangerous task, in charge of the plans and construction of forts and trenches, working under the orders of the Revolutionary Government. For the fine work which he had performed he was raised to the rank of lieutenant.

When peace was restored and the American civil government in the Islands was duly established, he returned to his former studies, and took the civil service examinations and was later employed at the Bureau of Public Works.

He served the governm.ent for twelve years. Later on his services were demanded by the military government where h.e worked for several years.

But the real ambition of Don Ciriaco, the able designer, was to be independent; that is, to own some day his own business. So giving action to his thought he started in a humble way to do odd jobs, and contracted the construction of houses, as Mr. Tuason was then already a proficient 641

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Maestro de Obras. When the World War began Don Ciriaco was a technician at the Fabrica de Baldosas. And the year 1921 saw Don Ciriaco with his own factory.

As every business old or new meets its own disappoint~ ment and discouragement, such did not at all dishearten him; in fact, he doubled his time and effort for the factory and put his everything there in order to saye him from bankruptcy. Early and late he was at the factory; there he lived and dreamed; and then a day came, orders poured, merit was recognized, and a ne.w Philippine industry was crowned-the factory of C. Tuason e Hijos, manufacturers of bricks and tiles. In 1929 the famous Mayon stove was launched into the market. Only after a conscientious in~ vestigation and study, had the Washington Office of Pa~ ents and Copyright granted him his patent rights. This Filipino invention is now in use all over the Islands. It is noted for efficiency and cleanliness and economy.

"Satisfaction is what I give to my customers," said Mr. Tuason with that sunny nature of his, "because I mean to be in business not only now, but also in the future. And you know that only satisfied customers return.

"To keep the wheels of the factory humming I advertise, for I firmly believe in honest publicity, the foundation of true prosperity.

"What I desire to see among the y~uth of the land is leadership-leadership in business-in the economic independence of the country. Blessed is that country which enj oys economic freedom.

"That is why everyone must do his part-to lead, not to follow-in order to realize some happy day the dream in the heart of every Filipino-to see our country free first economically, then politically. .. Only by doing our part well in the drama of life can we attain with certainty the goal of every honest man-Success and Happiness."

642

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES TUASON, PEDRO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Tenth Judicial District, Rizal. He is 51 years old. Before joining the Judiciary, he has been Provincial Fiscal for Agusan, Misamis, and Surigao from 1913 to 1914; Provincial Fiscal for Ilocos Sur from 1914 to 1918; Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice from 1918 to 1921; Acting Attorney General in 1921; and Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice once more from 1921 to 1922. On June 16, 1922, he was appointed to his present position.

TUMANENG, TIBURCIO

Lawyer and Chief, Catalog and Copyright Division.

National Library of the Philippines. Born in 1891 in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, he attended the College of Law, University of the Philippines, where he obtained his LL.B and LL.M. degrees. He is member of the Philippine Bar and Rizal Lodge No. 22, F. & A. M. S. Assemblyman from Capiz and Physician. He was born in Tagbaya, Ibajay, Capiz, on October 24, 1894. He studied in the primary school of Ibajay, 1902-1906, and in the intermediate school of Kalibo, 1906-1909; in the Liceo de Manila, Bachelor of Arts, in 1911; University of Santo Tomas, Doctor of Medicine. Besides he enrolled also in the International Correspondence Schools from 1920 to 1925, and studied Journalism in Escuelas Interamericanas de Nueva York. He was President of the Fourth Sanitary Division of Capiz and then the Fifth, from 1917 to 1929; Delegate to the First National Convention on Infant Mortality in 1921; Delegate to the First Asamblea de Sanidad in Baguio in 1927. In 1931 he was candidate as representative for the third district of Capiz and lost, but TUMBOKON, RAFAEL

643

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES later on he found out that he was the winner. He was reelected to the same office in 1934.

In 1935 he came out winner in the first elections for assemblymen to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

TUPAS, ISABELO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Palawan. Mr. Tupas attended the Morong Elementary School, 1910-1915; Philippine Normal School, 1915-1919; University of the Philippines, 1920-1922; and National University, 19221924, where he obtained the B.E. and B.S.E. degrees.

He was classroom teacher, City Schools, Manila, 19191924; supervising teacher of Casiguran, Sorsogon, 19241926. He was assigned to Zamboanga in 1926 as division academic supervisor. From October, 1928 to 1929, he was instructor, Philippine Normal School, Manila. He was supervisor, Normal Training Department, Bayambang, Pangasinan, 1929-1931, when he was transferred to La Union as division academic supervisor. He was appointed division superintendent of schools for Palawan in 1934.

TURNER, EVERETT STANTON

National General Secretary, Y. M. C. A., and Social Worker. Son of O. J. Turner and E. A. Turner, he was born on September 30, 1887, and educated at the Grinnel College, A.B., 1911; Oberlin College, M.A., 1914. He was State Student Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., Nebraska, from 1911 to 1912; Special Secretary for Students International Committee in 1913; served in the Philippine Y. M. C. A. as Student Secretary from 1915 to 1918; General Secretary, Manila, 1918 to 1926; National General Secretary from 1926 to date. He is member of the Rotary, Elks Club, Masonry, Union Church, Boy Scouts, and other social agencies.

644

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES His philosophy of life is "Devotion to Character and Social Development of the Individual and Society."

B. Professor, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines. Born in Calamba, Laguna, on April 23, 1894, he is B.S.Agr., College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, 1915; M.S., University of the Philippines, 1918.

He continued his studies abroad and obtained his M.S. degree from Harvard University, 1920, his Sc.D. from Harvard University, 1922. He became Assistant Entomologist, 1915-1919; Instructor, 1919-1922; Assistant Professor and then Associate Professor, 1922-1929, in the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines. Member of the Society for the Advancement of Research, Los Banos Biological Club; Philippine Scientific Society; Philippine Society of Parasitology; Phi Kappa Phi; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Charter member, National Research Council of the Philippines. A fellow of the Entomological Society of America and of the University of the Philippines, Dr. Uichanco has written various scientific papers which were highly commended not only here but also abroad.

UrcHANco, LEOPOLDO

B. Educator, Dean of Women in the University of the Philippines. She comes from the birthplace of Rizal, Calamba, Laguna, born on October 17, 1899. She was valedictorian when she finished her course at the Philippine Normal School. She went later to the United States and graduated from the Columbia University. Previous to her joining the State University, she was principal of the Pila Elementary School and instructor at the Philippine Normal School. Miss Uichanco is a member of the Rizal Sorority UrCHANCO, URSULA

645

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Center, member of the Board of Directors of the Y. W. C. A. and member of the Philippine Association of University Women.

UNSON, MIGUEL

President, National Life Insurance Co., Inc., and Chairman, Government Survey Board.

Born in Molo, Iloilo, on September 22, 1877, as son of Juan Unson and Germana Yulo, Mr. Unson began his studies at San Juan de Letran. When his father died, he was forced to work his way through college. He entered the University of Santo Tomas in 1895 and graduated with an A. B. degree.

In 1900 he began his government career as a clerk, and in 1906 he was made provincial secretary and bookkeeper, and, later, traveling auditor' in Negros. He served as provincial treasurer of Isabela, Tarlac, Sorsogon and Pampanga. In 1916 he was promoted to assistant insular treasurer, and in 1917 he was appointed as undersecretary of finance. In 1928 Governor General Stimson made him Secretary of Finance. Secretary Unson established the budget system of the Philippines, a great credit to him and to his country.

Mr. Unson is a Mason, Past Master of Rizal Lodge No. 22, F. & A. M., and Past Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines.

Upon his retirement from government service, he devoted himself to business pursuits. He is chairman of the Governm.ent Survey Board, appointed by President Quezon.

V. Provincial Governor of Tarlac, and The son of Antonio Urquico and Justa he was born in Tarlac, Tarlac, on May 4, tained the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Manila and the degree of Bachelor of Laws URQUICO, JOSE

646

Agriculturist.

D. Valeriano, 1891. He obthe Ateneo de from the Uni-

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES versity of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, U. S. A. Governor Urquico was Municipal Councilor of Tarlac, Tarlac, for two terms, 1925-1931. He was elected Provincial Governor of Tarlac in 1931. During the 1934 general elections, he was reelected to the same office of Provincial Governor.

He is an agriculturist. His philosophy of life is the following: "A man, no matter how individualistic he may be, cannot exclusively belong to himself, neither can he be happy by entirely depending upon himself and not considering anything but his ego. He belongs to himself as well as to others. The wider his sphere of action in promoting the welfare and happiness of the community, the bigger the satisfaction he derives from life."

URQUIOO, MANUEL

Agriculturist and Merchant. Mr. Manuel Urquico is one of the organizers of the well-known Pampanga Sugar Development Co., Inc., of San Fernando, Pampanga.

Born on April 28, 1883, at Tarlac, province of Tarlac, Philippine Islands, Mr. Urquico was educated at San Juan de Letran and later at the Escuela de Derecho de Manila, graduafing in 1909. He married Flaviana Aguas. They have eight children living. Their residence is at 503 Calle Colorado, Manila.

Mr. Urquico has stayed in Manila since 1919, dealing in rice and sugar in big scale. He is one of the most progressive and scientific farmers in Central Luzon.

He was the Treasurer of the Pasudeco Central in 1927 and member of the board of directors, also a director of the Central Azucarera de Tarlac, the biggest sugar central in the world.

Recognized as a leader in agriculture, Mr. Urquico was elected in 1924 as Vice-President of the Congreso Agricola de Filipinas.

647

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES As one of the national pioneers in the rice and sugar business and at one time the partner of the famous president of the Pampanga Sugar Development Co., Inc., Mr. Jose L. de Leon, Mr. Urquico believes that one should if possible be independent in his business, punctual in his obligations and always active in his profession.

"But the foundation of any success in life," he confided in a tone that rang with deep sincerity, "is only Honesty, the one best policy."

UY, JOSE A.

Lawyer and former Representative from Marinduque.

The son of Aguedo Velasco Uy and Basilia Almonte, Mr. Uy was born at Santa Cruz, Marinduque, on Novem路 ber 26, 1900.

Mr. Uy attended the Santa Cruz Elementary School, and later on he entered the Manila High School and graduated in 1919; the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, A. B., 1920; College of Law, University of the Philippines, LL. B., 1924; and LL. M., 1926. Mr. Uy was admitted to the Philippine Bar in 1924 and has practiced his profession in the city of Manila since 1925.

As a law student, Mr. Uy was the recipient of the Quezon medal in the Oratorical Contest of the College of Law, U. P., in 1924; his subject being "The Mystery of the Cabinet Crisis."

He was elected in 1931 Representative for Marinduque to the Ninth Philippine Legislature.

A prominent member of the Philippine bar, Mr. Uy is a representative of the so-called younger generationof the Rising Philippines. He is a hard worker, a conscientious practitioner and a promising leader.

His law office is now in Kneedler Building, ManilaUy and de Leon-practising his legal profession with former Bataan representative, Mr. Fortunato de Leon.

648

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES "I believe in God and in the triumph of justice," he said when seen at his office. And when a man, specially a lawyer, believes in God and in the triumph of justice, he will go far; he will, in the long run, achieve greater things than this world dreams of.

V ALDERROSA, NICASIO

Provincial Treasurer and Acting Provincial Governor of Zamboanga. The son of Domingo Valderrosa and Lorenza Saison, he was born in Bacolod, Occidental N egros, on October 11, 1891. He studied in the Rizal Institute of Bacolod, completing the intermediate grades in 1906, and in the provincial high school of Bacolod, completing the first year in 1908. Then he took special courses on stenography in the Philippine School of Commerce, Manila, in 1912 while he was clerk in the Bureau of Education, and Bookkeeping and higher Accountancy, in the International Correspondence Schools. He is holder of Certificate of Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Valderrosa held the following positions: Municipal teacher, 1906-1908; record clerk and stenographer, property clerk and then Chief Clerk in the office of the Division Superintendent of Schools, Bacolod, 1909-1917; Administrative Deputy Treasurer, Office of the Provincial Treasurer, Occidental Negros, 19171918; Chief Clerk. office of the Provincial Treasurer, Zamboanga, 1918-1920; Acting Provincial Secretary-Treasurer, Zamboanga, from April 1, 1921, to date. He has been also Acting Governor of Zamboanga since April 1, 1936.

Here is his philosophy of life: "Honest and conscientious performance of duty, perseverance and industry, and above all honesty, will accomplish all things."

J. Major General and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army; Physician, Soldier and Sportsman. Dr. Valdes VALDES, BASILIO

649

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES is also President of the P. I. Lawn Tennis Association, and the Colegio-Medico Farmaceutico de Filipinaf;. Major General Valdes is a Manilan, born on July 10, 1892, and son of Dr. Basilio Valdes. The La Salle College in Barcelona was the first school where he attended. He also studied at the San Beda College in 1901, at the St. Joseph's College in Hongkong in 1911, and in Manila where he finished his high school. When he completed his medical course at the Santo Tomas University, he taught at the University of the Philippines. Then in September, 1916, he went to Europe and joined the French and American Red Cross, where he served in various capacities and became Major in 1919.

Joining the Philippine Constabulary in 1921 as first lieutenant, he attained rapid promotions, and in 1934, was commissioned Brigadier General. Very recently, with the organization of the Philippine Army, he received the rank of Major General, and was designated Deputy Chief of Staff.

He is also Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.

J. Agriculturist, Businessman, and Manufacturer. Mr. Valdes is a self-made man who, as a messenger boy, was able to work his way through college, finishing the course in Pharmacy at the University of Santo Tomas. With the aid of his brothers, he opened a combined sari-sari and drug store in Pampanga. Later on in Angeles, Pampanga, he engaged in farming and in the rice and sugar business.

Then in 1910 he started a rattan furniture factory, which he named ' La Proveedora. This venture proved to be a success. Born about fifty years ago, Mr. Valdes was municipal president of Angeles, Pampanga, where he performed creditable work. He still lives a busy life, as manager of his farm and his factory.

VALDES, EMILIANO

650

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES VALDEZ LIONGSON, PEDRO

Lawyer and Agriculturist. He was born in Bacolor, Pampanga, on February 22, 1891. He first studied in the private school of Don Modesto Joaquin. Coming to Manila, he enrolled in the Ateneo de Manila and in San Juan de Letran, where he obtained his A.B. degree in 1907. He then began his law studies at the University of Sto. Tomas and in 1912 received the degree of Licentiate in Law. The following year, he passed the bar examinations, and returning at once to his home town he began the practice of his profession. His noble heart and his charitable nature won for him the sympathy of the masses. With their support, he was elected Representative for the first district of Pampanga in the 1922 elections, and reelected later. He was president of the Sociedad Instructivo Recreativa of Bacolor, honorary Vice-President of the Bacolor Fair Association and co-founder of the Circulo Escenico de Bacolor. A good orator and lawyer, he is now practising his legal profession in Manila and Pampanga.

VALENZUELA, PATROCINIO

Doctor of Philosophy; Executive Secretary-Treasurer, National Research Council of the Philippine Islands, and Associate Professor 01 Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines. He was born in Sta. Ana, Manila, on May 5, 1895. He is holder of the degrees of: A.B., 1915, Ateneo de Manila; Ph.G., 1918; B.S., 1919, University of the Philippines; Phar.D., University of Sto. Tomas, 1921; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, 1926. He was Instructor in Pharmacy, 1920; Assistant P.rofessor of Pharmacy, 1924; Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines, 1926; Associate Editor, U. P. Natu.ral and Applied Science Bulletin; Editor, Journal of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Associ(J)tion; Collaborator, Revista Filipina de Medicina y Farmacia; Editor, Univer651

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

sity Alumnus; Vice-President, International Faculty of Sciences, London; Secretary, School of Pharmacy, U. P.; Secretary, Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas, 1931-; Secretary-Treasurer, U. P. Alumni Association; Faculty Alumni Sec., U. P.; Secretary-Treasurer, Philippine Scientific Society, 1931-; Charter Member and Executive Secretary and Treasurer, National Research Council of the Philippines; Am. Pharo Association; Sigma Xi; Gamma Alpha, Rho Chi; Phi Kappa Phi; Soc. Adv. Research.

He was also U. P. Fellow to the University of Wisconsin, 1925-1926; Honorary Fellow, University of Wisconsin, 1925; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is one of the scientific contributors to this Encyclopedia. "Helping others" is the secret of his charming personality.

VALLE, HUBERT DEL

Banker and Sub-Manager of the Manila Br.l;mch of the National City Bank of New York. A 33rd degree Mason and member of the Knickerbocker Lodge, F & A. M., New York, International Rotary, and other clubs of the city, he was born in San Luis, Potosi, Mexico, and educated in the schools of Mexico City. Later on he went to the United States where he enrolled in the Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, and obtained the degrees of B.A. and M.L. Before coming to the Philippines, Mr. del Valle was connected with the National City Bank of New York for sixteen years. He came to Manila in 1932.

VALLEJO, ERNESTO

Violinist. A native of the City of ManHa and a product of the public schools of the Philippines and of the music schools of America, Mr. Vallejo is now connected with the Conservatory of Music of the University of the Philippines.

It was the late Dr. Bautista who helped him pursue his 652

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES studies abroad. In America, he was hailed as "promising virtuoso." On his return to the Philippines, he rendered with his costly violin beautiful interpretations of the works of the masters. Today he stands as the country's foremost violinist.

B. Under Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce; Lawyer; Technical Adviser and Secretary to President Manuel L. Quezon.

Little things, such as pebbles, 路have turned the course of many a river. Because, after passing the competi.tive examinations for government pensionados, he was not sent abroad, this man resolved to do his level best-to show the stuff he is made of, and became what he is today-Jorge B. Vargas, once Director of the Bureau of Lands and Director-General of the Philippine Carnival Association, Under Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce.

He was born on August 24, 1890, at Bago, Oc. Negros, the son of Angel Vargas and Filomena Celis. He married Marina Yulo at Molo, Iloilo. They have eight children. He was educated at the Bacolod High School, valedictorian, 1909. Coming to Manila, he entered the College of Lib~ eral Arts, University of the Philippines and obtained his A.B. in 1911 and his LL.B., with honors, at the College of Law, U. P., in 1914. He was admitted to the Philippine Bar in 1914, and before the United States Supreme Court in 1919.

Since leaving school in 1914, Mr. Vargas has practised law in Iloilo; he was Law Clerk, Philippine Commission, 1915; Chief Clerk, Departm'ent of the Interior, 1917; Legislative Secretary to Speaker, House of Representatives, 1917-18; . Major, Judge Advocate General's Department, Philippine National Guard, 1917; Executive Secretary, First Independence Mission to the United States, 1918; VARGAS, JORGE

653

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Secretary to President of the Senate, 1920; member and secretary, Militia Commission, January, 1920, to date; Assistant Director, Bureau of Commerce and Industry, April, 1920; Acting Director, Bureau of Posts, April-May, 1920; Acting Director, Bureau of Commerce and Industry, June 1920, to September 1921; Director-General, Philippine (Magallanes) Carnival, 1921; Member, Executive Committee, Playground and Recreation Commission, 1921 to date; Director, Binalbagan Estate (Sugar Central), 1921 to date; Secretary, Second Independence Miss,oon to the United States, 1922; Director of Lands, March, 1922, to September, 1928; Director, Philippine National Bank, 1923; Director, Manila Railroad Co., 1923-1924; Director, Manila Hotel, 1923-1924; Director and Member, Executive Committee, Philippipe Carnival Association, 1925 to date; Member, Metropolitan Civic Commission, 1925 to date; Director, Philippine Bar Association, 1926 to date; Under Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, October, 1928 to date; Vice-President, Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation, 1929 to date; Member, Government Reservations Appraisement Committee, 1929; Member, Irrigation Council, 1930 to date; Second Vice-President, Far Eastern Athletic Association, 1930-1934; Head, Philippine Delegation, Ninth Far Eastern Championship Games, 1930, Tokyo, Japan.

He is the author of "The Philippine Land Registration Law," 1931. He is the Acting Director, National Museum, June, 1931, to date; and Philippine Commissioner, Chicago World's Fair Centennial Celebration, 1932-1933.

As a man of varied civic and social activities, here are Mr. Vargas' positions: Director, Laong-Laan Tennis Club, 1915-1931; Second Vice-President, Aero Club of the Philippines, 1920-1921; Member, Committee of Management, Student Y. M. C. A., 1923-1925; President Asociacion de Empleados Civiles de Filipinas, 1928-1930; President, Philippine Columbian Association, 1928 to 1933; President, 654

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Cosmos Club, 1929 to date; President, Philippine Motor Association, 1931 to date; President, University of the Philippine Alumni Association, 1931 to date; First Vice President, Sociedad de Tiro al Blanco de Manila, 1929 to date; Director, Manila Yacht Club, 1929 to 1933; Director (1929) and Mem'ber, Club Fil~pino; President, Philippine Bowling Association, 1930-1931; Representative to Berlin Olympics, 1936.

Thrown into contact while at the University of the Philippines with such men as Mr. de Veyra and President Quezon, young Vargas imbibed the spirit of leadership.

For his life has been one of social, civic and public service.

With his characteristic disinterestedness, he said, "I consider a man has done something worth while when he renders his best in helping his fellow men and his country; one who is unselfish of his time in the interests of the community. 路 In this there is no monetary reward, but there will be, I believe, something greater still when history is written."

Such is the life of the man who, because he was not influential, was not sent abroad, but who, because he has shown the world that talent chooses no place for unfoldment, growth and fruition, rose in life, as only few men could.

J

VARONA, FRANCISCO

Journalist and Academic Correspondent of the Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes. He was born in Arevalo, Iloilo, in 1891. He studied the first letters under his parents and in the Instituto de Ensefianza Libre of Molo, Iloilo.

After graduation as Bachelor of Arts, he went to Manila to continue his studies in the University of Sto. Tomas where he pursued Law and Philosophy and Letters. Forced to earn his own bread, he dedicated himself to journalism, first in the Libertas, the newspaper which was then considered 655

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the organ of the Catholic community. He displayed his literary tastes in this journal and distinguished himself with his famous parliamentary chronicles. He transferred to the Renacimiento Filipino and took charge of this publication, and later on worked with La VangUlLrdia of the Roces family under Guerrero. After staying two years with this publication, he decided to found his own newspaper with ex-representative Ramon Torres, acquired Consolidacion Nacionall and changed its name to El Debate, now owned by the D-M-H-M Publications. Mr. Varona was named leader of the Congreso Obrero and in 1920 made Labor Commissioner in Hawaii and the U. S. Pacific Coast. He also belonged to the first Parliamentary Mission sent to the United States. In 1928 he presented his candidacy as representative for Manila and this time he won. He was re-elected in the general elections of 1931 and was named acting Floor-Leader. of the Majority when the then floorleader left for the United States. He is author of the biography of Librada Avelino in Spanish.

V ASQUEZ, JOSE M.

Provincial Governor of Surigao. Born in Surigao on March 14, 1893, he was educated in the public schools. He later enrolled at the Manila High School where he graduated in 1912, and at the Escuela de Derecho where he also graduated in 1917. He passed the bar examinations in 1917, too. In Surigao he engaged in the practice of his profession and was elected later to his present position. He has done much to improve transportation and communication in Surigao. As chief executive of the province of Surigao, he is considered one of the best governors in the Islands.

VASQUEZ PRADA, ENRIQUE

Business Executive; First Vice-President and General Manager of La Urbana, a mutual building and loan asso656

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ciation. He is also President of the Casino Espanol de Manila.

At his quiet office, Don Enrique at once gives the interviewer that air of confidence, goodwill. Silent and sincere he talks but little, but observes and thinks much.

To what, one may frankly ask, does this great executive owe his success in business? Let him reveal it himself: "Work ... Work for La Urbana. Work for my Company's interests." Yes, devotion to duty... unselfish. ness ... self-sacrifice.

Born on August 9, 1886, in Madrid, Spain, Don Enrique is the son of Emilio Vasquez Prada and Teresa Esain.

He married Helen Loewinsohn on April 17, 1922, in Madrid; his children are Enrique, Jr. and Herman.

Don Enrique was educated at the University of Madrid and the Superior School of Commerce of Madrid, where he received his B.S. degree in 1900.

His business experience began when he worked with the banking department of the Sociedad Anonima in Barcelona, Spain. In 1911, he came to Manila as accountant of the Compania General de Tabacos de Filipinas. With this corporation he worked zealously until 1923 when he resigned in order to organize La Urbana.

Mr. Vasquez Prada had military service in Spain. He is also a member and director of Casino Espanol, member and treasurer of the Spanish Chamber of Commerce, member of the University Club, and director of the Kabankalan Sugar Co. As founder and manager of La Urbana which in 1923 started with a small capital of P16,000.00, Don Enrique was able, through his business sagacity and efficient man~ agement, to make of La Urbana, now capitalized at more than P5,000,000.00, one of the really most prosperous and 657

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES largest financial corporations of the Philippine Islands.

This indeed is a real monument to his organizing genius.

Was not this due to his saying "Work, work, work"?

In this cheerful man's individuality, one becomes at once impressed with his sterling character, his heart's content"My crown is in my heart, not on my head, Nor decked with diamonds and Indian stones, N or to be seen: my crown is called content; A crown it is, that seldom kings enjoy."

VELOSO, JOSE MA.

Assemblyman from the First District of Leyte and Lawyer. He was born in S.an Isidro, Leyte, on April 30, 1886. He studied in the Seminary College of Cebu, 1903, and took up law in the University of Santo Tomas, Licenciado en Derecho in 1909. In 1910 he opened his law office under the name of Veloso & Singzon. He was elected Governor of Leyte in 1912. In 1916 he was re-elected to the same post. Later he became Senator for three years for the Ninth Senatorial District of his province. In 1922 he was also elected Representative for the third district of Leyte, and was elected Senator again in 1925 up to the last Legislature. In 1935 Mr. Veloso was chosen Assemblyman from Leyte to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

VENTANILLA, JUAN

Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and Lawyer. Born in Mafigatarem, Pangasinan, on June 12, 1899, and son of Ramon Ventanilla and Soterafia Puzon, he completed his high school studies in the Oakland Technical High School, Oakland, California, in 1921, after attending a private school under P.atricio Ramos, Liceo de Manila in 1911, a public school in Mafigatarem in 1914 and 658

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the training department of the Philippine Normal School.

In America he also entered the University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin, but graduated as Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service in 1924 from Georgetown University, Bachelor of Laws in 1925 from the George Washington University, and Master of Political Science from the American University in 1926. He was formerly editor of the Filipino Monthly. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the second district of Pangasinan to the Constitutional Convention.

R. Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Lawyer, and Educator. Born in Batac, Ilocos Norte, on June 16, 1893, and the son of Sabas Ventura and Graciana B. Rigonan, he was educated in the Batac Elementary School, Laoag High School, and the Manila Hligh School where he graduated in 1914. He received the degrees of Bachelor of Arts in 1916 and Bachelor of Laws (valedictorian) in 1920 from the university of the Philippines. He was also conferred the degrees of Master of Laws in 1928 and Master of Arts in Political Science in 1929. He was Assistant Chief, Catalog Division, and later Chief, Docu路 ments Section, Philippine Library and Museum, 1918-1920; Associate Editor, Philippine Law Journal, 1919-1920; law clerk, Bureau of Lands, 1920-1921; Secretary and Professor of law, National Law College, 1921; Provincial Fiscal of Lanao, 1922; Provincial Fiscal and Registrar of Deeds, Nueva Vizcaya, 1922-1924; Acting Fiscal and Registrar of Deeds of Isabela, January to April, 1924; Assistant Attorney, Bureau of Justice, 1924-1933; Professor of Law, University of Manila and Manila Law College up to the present; Instructor in English and History, Far Eastern College, 1928; Head, Political Science Department, and Instructor in English, National University, 1929-1932; InVENTURA, FRANCISCO

659

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES structor in Political Science, Columbian Institute, 1929; Professorial Lecturer, College of Law, University of the Philippines, up to the present. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the second district of !locos Norte to the Constitutional Convention.

Some of the law books written by him and used by different law schools are: "Cases on Land Registration," "Cases on Mortgages," "Questions and Answers on Land Registration and Mortgages," and "Answers to Bar Questions on Land Registration and Mortgages."

"It is the duty of every Filipino youth to take a deep interest in the problems of his country," said Mr. Ventura.

VENTURA, HONORIO

Agriculturist and Political Leader of Pampanga.

He was formerly Secretary of the Interior of the Philippines.

He was born in Bacolor, Pampanga, on July 30, 1887, the son of Balbino Ventura and Juana Tison.

He was educated at the Ateneo de Manila and San Juan de Letran, and later at the University of Santo Tomas where he obtained the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and Doctor of Jurisprudence.

Naturally bent for public life, Mr. Honorio Ventura, even in youth, used to escape from his classes only to attend the sessions of the Philippine Assembly or to be present in some important events where prominent men took part.

He was one of the first to join the Nacionalista Party in 1907. Ever since a young man, he has been brave in his words, just in his acts, and a good friend to everybody.

His political career began when in 1914 he was appointed provincial governor of Pampanga. For his province he has done much.

660

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES His province owes much to him for its many wonderful public improvements. So when the next election came he was elected, and again elected in 1919 as governor.

But a higher call came to him in 1921 when he was appointed Chief of the Executive Bureau.

His biggest chance, however, arrived when, upon the resignation of Felipe Agoncillo as Secretary of the Interior, he was unanimously chosen as the latter's successor.

No man has served as Secretary of the Interior under so many Governors-General as Mr. Ventura. Our leading men, American as well as Filipino, are all agreed in their opinion of him-"The only man for that office-a diplomat par excellence!" Many a journalist has editorially extolled the great qualities necessary to render such distinguished service, qualities of statesmanship which few men possess in such a high degree as Mr. Ventura. During a brief absence of Vice Governor Butte, Mr. Ventura was at one time Acting Governor-General of the Philippines. He left the government service in 1933.

Mr. Ventura is a bachelor, genial and generous, and his very life and actions are the personification of the cardinal virtues-Simplicity and Service.

VER, ANASTACIO Q.

Lieutenant-Colonel, Philippine Scouts.

Few men have. as enviable a military record as Lt.-Col. Anastacio Q. Ver of the 26th Cavalry, Philippine Scouts, of Fort Stotsenburg, Pampanga, has.

Born on December 24, 1890, in Sarat, Ilocos Norte, Col. Ver is the son of Miguel Ver and Florentina Quevedo.

He received his primary education in his home town, his elementary education in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, and his secondary education in the Manila High School, graduating in 1910.

661

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES When Colonel Ver passed the examination for West Point, he went to the United States and attended the Military Academy in June, 1911, and graduated in 1915.

Returning to the Islands, he was appointed second lieutenant, Philippine Scouts; first lieutenant in 1918; captain in 1920; major in September, 1920; and later lieutenant-colonel.

He has been stationed in the different military posts of the Philippines, such as Camp John Hay, 1917; instructor in the National Guard till 1919; in Fort William McKinley, 1919; Zamboanga Petite Barracks, also in the same year; Fort William McKinley again in 1923; and then in Fort Stotsenburg until now.

I t was in 1924 when Col. Ver left the Islands again in order to enter the Cavalry School, Kansas, returning to the Philippines in 1925 when he was assigned to Fort Stotsenburg.

"In my high school days I was supported by a brother.

But before graduation I tried to get a scholarship . . So I became a government pensionado in Los Banos. When the examination for West Point was announced, I joined.

I was not serious about it, for whether I would pass it or not, it did not make much difference. And the day came.

It happened we had an excursion to Los Banos. But I must return to Manila. The tide was low, the boat couldn't go back. What I did was to take a chance in order to return to M.anila. And reaching Pasig, the boat was grounded. I rode in a banca to get to the city. So I arrived in Manila at 6 :00 o'clock in the morning, walking barefoot, in order to reach the Bureau of Civil Service.

The first subject was mathematics. My companion said to me, 'I give it up to you.' I went through it. And I was the one who obtained the highest grade ... " Continuing, the Colonel said reminiscently, "My whole life's success is, I thought, dependent on the strong will 662

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES power to go to the finish, in spite of odds and difficulties that come one's way. It is only after such a long struggle that one will be rewarded. I feel that every time I work hard I get satisfaction or reward. In my boyhood days, my dream was always to see soldiers ,in uniform and be one of them. That's why I landed on this ... " Here is how Col. Ver earned his first centavo. When he graduated from the high school he wanted to secure a job. So he went to an old American maestro and asked if the American could help him find a job. He was given a recommendation to Osmefia. Osmefia referred him to A. C. Torres. His first job was as messenger at twenty pesos a month. This did not last long for after two months he received a telegram which told him that he had a better job. So there you can never put a good man down. He is, somehow or other, bound to rise!

O. Lawyer. He was horn in Pandan, sub-province of Catanduanes, Albay, on November 18, 1888. He studied in the primary school of Don Juan Yamson, established in Santa Cruz, Manila, from February to November, 1898.

He obtained his Bachelor of Arts and Perito Mercantil from the College of San Juan de Letran. He took philosophy and letters later in the University of Santo Tomas.

He is Licenciate in Law of the College of Law, Manila, and has been an attorney since 1913. In the general elections of 1916, he was elected Representative for the second district of Albay. In 1919, he was elected Governor of the same province, and in 1922, re-elected, for the same position. It was in 1925 when he was elected Senator for the sixth senatorial district and re-elected to the same post later. He is now a practising attorney, having offices on the Escolta.

VERA, JOSE

663

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES VERA, PEDRO

Assemblyman from Albay, Business Executive and Publisher, P. Vera & Sons Co. Born in Pandan, Catanduanes, Albay, on June 29, 1897, he is the son of Jose C. Vera and Apolonia Tanquintic. At an early age, he enrolled in the San Juan de Letran and in a pri va te school managed by the late Rufino San Buenaventura, Binondo, Manila. He studied further in Pandan, Albay, and later in the Paco Intermediate School, Manila, and in the Manila High School where he graduated in 1919. From the Philippine Law School he obtained his LL.B. degree in 1923 when he took the bar examinations and was admitted by the Supreme Court to practice law. Mr. Vera then engaged in the practice of law, entering into partnership with the former Representative F. Perfecto. In 1925 he opened his own law office and at the same time engaged in business with M. Lopez and Co., Manila, importers of general merchandise, until 1929, when he started his own business, the P. Vera & Sons Co. He married in 1922 the former Miss Rafaela Serrano of Bacon, Sorsogon. They now have four living children, Pedro Jr., Fernando, Antonio, and Jose Salvador. He was elected Representative for the second district of Albay in 1928 and appointed chairman of the committee on public lands, mines and natural resources and a member of many other committees.

In 1931, he ran for re-election, and once more triumphed with a big majority. HAs a school boy, he hiked all the way from San Nicolas to Paco for his education; scrubbed floors in a relative's house and washed dishes for his board and lodging; solicited subscriptions for the Manila Times, and ran a dry cleaning establishment in Intramuros," commented the Graphic.

Today he is the Proprietor and General Manager of a big printing plant and importing house known as P. Vera and Sons Co. (Versonco), and has his law offices on the 664

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Escolta with former Senator Jose O. Vera, under the firm name Vera and Vera.

In 1935, Mr. Vera was elected without any opponent Assemblyman from the fourth district of Albay to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

VERA, VICENTE DE

Public Service Commissioner. Born sixty-four years ago, Mr. Vera was formerly Judge of the Court of First Instance, Thirteenth Judicial District, Tayabas. He is a lawyer by profession. On March 1, 1929, he was appointed to the Judiciary as Auxiliary Judge, but he did not assume office under this appointment unti11931 when he was made District Judge. It was in June, 1936, when Judge Vera was, because of his brilliant record, appointed Public Service Commissioner vice Luis P. Torres who resigned recently from his post as Public Service Commissionet.

S. Provincial Treasurer of the Mountain Province. Born on December 1, 1879, in San Fernando, La Union, he acquired his elementary education from private schools at Bangar and San Fernando, La Union, during Spanish domination, and learned the English language by reading books and newspapers after the occupation of the Philippines by America. Since the establishment of a civil government in the province of La Union, on August 1, 1901, he has been under continuous employment by the Philippine Government, as follows: from August, 1901, to April, 1903, clerk, Provincial Secretary of La Union; May, 1903, to December, 1906, clerk, Office of Provincial Governor of La Union; January, 1907, to March, 1908, Chief Clerk, La Union; April, 1908, to December, 1916, clerk, Office of Provincial Treasurer, La Union; January, 1917, to February, 1918, Administrative Deputy, La Union; March, VERGARA, NICOLAS

665

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1918, to March, 1920, Chief Clerk, Provincial Treasurer, La Union; April, 1920, to January, 1921, Provincial Treasurer of Abra; February, 1921, to April, 1921, Provincial Treasurer of Romblon; May, 1921, to April, 1924, Provincial Treasurer of the Mountain Province; May, 1924, to January, 1930, Provincial Treasurer of Nueva Vizcaya; February, 1930, to the present time, Provincial Treasurer of the Mountain Province. His civil service qualification is First Grade, English and Spanish.

VERIDIANO, REGINO

Assemblyman from the Second District of Cagayan, Lawyer, Agriculturist, and Auditor. He was born in Bula, Camarines Sur, on September 7, 1892. Educated in Alexander Hamilton Institute-Accounting, Finance, and Business Administration, by correspondence, 1915-1916; Jose Rizal College, Commerce and Business Administration, 1923-1924; Philippine Law School, LL.B., 1923-1925,-he was municipal teacher, acting Municipal Treasurer, 1909; Chief, Seccion de Computaciones, Insular Department, Bureau of Accounts, 1913; Chief clerk and Deputy Auditor of his district, 1914; Chief, Division of Archives, Bureau of Accounts, 1915; Deputy Auditor of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, and Deputy Auditor of Cotabato district, 1916-1917; Auditor of Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, Apayao, Batanes and Cagayan, 1918-1922; Justice of the Peace of Aparri, 1929; Judge of the Court of First Instance. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the second district of Cagayan to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

VERZOSA, ALFREDO

Bishop, Lipa, Batangas. Son of Alejandro Verzosa and Micaela Florentin. He was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on December 9, 1877. He is Doctor of Divinity, Univer666

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES sity of Santo Tomas. In the past, he has taken part in parochial activities for twelve years, a,nd at present he is engaged in activities proper as Bishop in the Catholic Church for twenty years.

His philosophy of life is the following: "'Vanity of vanities and all things are vanity.' Only to serve God according to His designs is real and positive."

VERZOSA, MAURO

Assemblyman from Isabela and Lawyer. He was born in Ilocos Sur, on May 3, 1889. From 1901 to 1904 he studied in the Ilocano Institute. From 1905 to 1907 he took up law course in the Escuela de Derecho of Manila; later on he took the bar examinations a,nd passed. At the age of 27, in 1916, he was chosen Representative for Isabela. Afterwards he was appointed Fiscal. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Isabela to the first N ational Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

VEYRA, FORTUNATO DE

Acting Superintendent of Schools of La Union. He was born in Alangalang, Leyte, on April 17, 1895, the son of Isidro de Veyra and Celestina Carzon. He did not graduate from any high school, but started teaching when he finished the sixth grade and took the examinations every year. He was valedictorian of the Philippine Normal School; Normal graduate of the University of California, Southern Branch; A.B. in Education, Colorado State Teachers' College; M.A. and diploma, Superintendent of Schools, Teachers' College, Columbia University, New York.

He was member of Kappa Delta Pi; Government Pensionado to the Philippine Normal School; Government Pensionado to the United States; Elementary School Principal for four years; Critic Teacher for two years; Supervisor, Training Department, Philippine Normal School, for one 667

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES year; High School Principal, Pangasinan, Leyte, and Manila, for nine and a half years; and Acting Superintendent of Schools of La Union to date. The following motto embodies his philosophy of life: "Do not merely dream of success; go after it."

C. DE Journalist and Writer; Head, Spanish Department, University of the Philippines. He was born on November 4, 1873, in Tanawan, Leyte. He received his education from San Juan de Letran, A.B., 1888-1893; Law graduate, University of Santo Tomas, 1895-1898; Philosophy and Letters, University of Santo Tomas, 1896-1898. From 1898 to 1899, he was Secretary to General Moxica. As a newspaperman, he was during 1904 connected with El Nuevo Dia, N~~eva Era and Tingog sa Lungsod, and in 1923 Editor of La Vanguardia. Mr. de Veyra was Councilor and Vice-President of the municipality of Cebu, 19011902; President of the Asamblea Electoral, Cebu, 1903; Director of Liceo de Maasin, Leyte, 1904-1905; Editor, El Renacimiento, 1905. Regarding his political life, he was elected governor of Leyte, 1906-1907; made Member of the Philippine Assembly, 1907-1912; Member of Philippine Commission, 1913-1916; Executive Secretary of the Government, 1916-1917; Resident Commissioner to Washington, D.C., 1917-1923; Adviser to the Roxas Mission to Washington, 1924; Assistant and later Acting Director of the National Library, 1925. Since 1925 up to the present time, he has been Head of the Spanish Department, University of the Philippines. In 1930, he became Academico Correspondiente de la Espanola de la Lengua, Knight of Columbus; member, Academia de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales de Philadelphia; National Geographical Society, and Balagtasiana. With the late Mariano Ponce he wrote the VEYRA, JAIME

668

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES famous Efemerides Filipinas. His other productions are Tanday(J) 0 Katndaya, Lagda, Silhuetas Parliamentarias, and Ensayos Historicos, Criticos y Linguisticos.

R. DE Social Welfare Worker; President, Manila Women's Club.

Self-made-that is Mrs. Sofia R. de Veyra, the famous Woman Editor in the Philippine Islands-WOffI'I.,(Ln's Home Journal, devoted to the interests of the women and the home.

A leader in her sex, Mrs. de Veyra has been the President of the Federation of Women's Clubs for eight years.

America has her Frances Barton, the Philippines her Sofia R. de Veyra.

More than fifty-eight years ago, the little town of Arevalo, Iloilo, saw the birth of Sofia. She began her studies in a private school conducted by the sisters of Chief Justice Ramon A vancena. And that was practically all her education. Experience has given her a knowledge and training that no university degree could equal.

How did she learn her English? By the help of two Americans. Then she gave some time to grammar, arithmetic and reading.

Later she was appointed as teacher in Saravia, Occidental N egros, teaching there for some time until she was transferred to the Normal Hall Dormitory in Manila as Assistant Dean of Women.

She did all this to support the family.

Determined~ however, to make her mark in the world, in spite of insurmountable difficulties, she decided to learn by herself.

So while in Manila she did her best to acquire all the knowledge essential in the realization of her ambition.

In 1907 with Mrs. Colman she founded the first training school for nurses in the Archipelago.

VEYRA, SOFIA

669

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES As organizer and executive never believing in neither human nor sex limitations, she was one of the organizers of the first woman's club of the Philippines-and then she consolidated all the women's clubs of the Islands into the National Federation of Women's Clubs.

She was married to Mr. Jaime de Veyra, then governor of Leyte, the first Filipino governor of that province, in 1907.

With her husband who was elected resident commissioner to the United States from the Philippines, she left in March, 1917. Then be.gan her brilliant career in America until 1923, making the American people know more of the truth about the Islands and their peoples rightly. That her wonderful work bore fruit everybody knows.

She was delegate to the Pan-Pacific Women's Conference in Honolulu in 1928.

Mrs. de Veyra is a member of the Executive Board of the Am.erican Red Cross and a member also of the Philippine Board of Censors for Moving Pictures.

Quiet and thoughtful, Mrs. de Veyra is the embodiment of the worker--of achievement itself.

"If I were to choose my ideal Filipino woman," many an ambitious girl has said, "Mrs. de Veyra would be my heroine."

Thus the Free Press has called her "The most envied wom.an of the Philippines."

J. B. Businessman and Executive. He owns the firm which bears his name, one of the largest importing and exporting companies to Spain. Mr. Vicente-Cosin was born on March 8, 1887, in Castellon de la Plana, Spain, and was educated in Spain. He finished Commerce in Madrid and also studied music in the Real Conservatorio de Musica de Madrid, where he won a prize in a contest. In September, VICENTE-COSIN,

670

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1922, he came to Manila and engaged in the business of import and export. This progressive merchant is member of the Casino Espanol and the Camara de Comercio Espanola.

C. Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Mr. Justice James C. Vickers came to the Philippines as a school teacher. He studied law in the University of the Philippines and finished the course in 1913. He was admitted to the bar the same year, and afterwards, was appointed Judge of the Court of First Instance of Cebu and later was transferred to Manila. Then the President of the United States appointed him as Associate Justice in the Philippine Supreme Court.

He was born in Taylors Island, Maryland, on August 5, 1877. He gradl1ated in 1900 with the Master's degree from the Randolph-Mason College of Ashland, Virginia, U. S. A. He has recently retired from active service in the Supreme Court.

VICKERS, JAMES

VICTORINO, LEoDEGARIO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Pangasinan.

The son of Isabelo Victorino and Librada Francisco, he was born in Mariquina, Rizal, on October 2, 1892. He graduated from the Manila High School in 1912 (valedictorian) ; A.B. and H.T.C .• 1914, E.S.E., cum laude, 1916, University of the Philippines; M.A., 1920, Columbia University, New York. He was Principal of the Mindoro Provincial High School from 1916 to 1917; Supervising Teacher of Marinduque from 1917 to 1918; Division Superintendent of Mindoro from 1918 to 1919; Pensionado, Columbia University, from 1919 to 1922. On his return to the Islands he was designated Division Superintendent of Schools of Rizal from 1922 to 1923; Batangas, 1923 to 671

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1926; Tayabas, 1926 to 1933; 1933 to date, Division Superintendent of Schools of Pangasinan. His philosophy of life is: "Work, work, work."

S. Author and Educator. This Zobel Prize winner of 1932 is a native of Cebu, Cebu. She obtained her education from convent schools in her home town and from universities in America and Europe.

She entered the Junior College of Cebu, and the College of Law of the University of the Philippines, where she received a degree in social welfare work. She studied in Fordham and Columbia universities in the United States where she received her A.B. and M.A. degrees. She further studied in Europe where she obtained her Ph.D. degree, and in Spain where she received her Doctor of Philosophy and Letters from the Universidad Central of Madrid.

She is the author of a book entitled, The Philippines on the Road to Culture, written in Spanish, and published in Madrid, Spain.

VILLA, INES

VILLA, JOSE GARCIA

Poet and Short Story Writer. Educated in the public schools and in the University of the Philippines, Mr. Villa is the most promising young writer of the Philippines in English. After receiving his prize from the Philippines Free Press for his Mir-I-Nisa he went to the United States and continued his literary studies. Afterwards he found himself in the greatest metropolis of America, New York City, where his book of short stories, Footnote to Youth was published by Scribners & Sons. Mr. Villa is an ultra-modern poet and a realistic short story writer.

672

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES VILLAMIN, VICENTE

Lawyer and Economist. He is a product of local institutions and those of America. Mr. Villamin is known in America as "A Noted Filipino Economist." As a lucid writer, he is one of the few whose articles have been printed in American magazines and whose utterances have been inserted in the United States Congressional Record. H,e was in the Philippines in 1936, now back in New York City.

He has travelled extensively. As a man of the world, he is working independently in the way he considers most fitting and proper.

VILLAMOR, BLAS

Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention.

Born in Bangued, Abra, on April 16, 1870, and the son of Florencio Villamor and Wenceslaoa Borbon, he was educated in the primary schools in his home town, aRd then in Manila where he finished surveying. He is brother of the famous scholar, Ignacio Villamor. He was provincial governor of Abra and Isabela; captain in the Spanish Army during the Spanish times; colonel in the Philippine Revolutionary Army. Don BIas is member of the Asociacion de Veteranos de la Revolucion. He was elected Delegate from Apayao to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

VILLAMOR, JUAN

Writer and former Senator for the first district that comprised Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur. He was born in Bangued, Abra. He studied in the Seminary of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, and finished the secondary course with the title of Bachelor of Arts in the College of San Juan de Letran. He then entered the University. of Santo Tomas, Manila. Don Juan was Spanish-Ilocano interpreter in the Courts of First Instance of Abra and Ilocos Sur from 1886 to 1889. He was banished to Ben673

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES guet in 1890 by the decree of General Weyler. During the Revolution of 1896, Spanish priests induced him to form part of the Spanish army. He became a prisoner of the revolutionary army in Bataan, but was asked later by Mabini to work for the newspaper of the Filipino Government Heraldo de la Revolucion, edited in Malolos, Bulacan. He performed this office up to December, 1899, with the rank of Infantry commandant. Before and after the Revolution, he collaborated in various publications and lastly, after his trip from the United States as one of the commissioners to visit the Exposition of St. Louis in 1904, he edited and published the first Filipino newspaper in Vigan, La Nueva Era. In 1899, after the defeat in Tarlac, he went to northern Luzon and offered his services to General Tinio. He held the following offices: Provincial Secretary of Abra, 1901; Provincial Governor of Abra, 19021904; Honorary Commissioner to the United States, 1904; re-elected Deputy for the third district of Ilocos Sur, 19071912; Provincial Governor of Ilocos Sur, 1912-1916; Senator for the first senatorial district, 1917. He is author of General Antonio lAtna y Novicio.

VILLANUEVA, GUILLERMO

Assemblyman from N egros Oriental. He was born in Bais, N egros Oriental, on April 4, 1893. He enrolled in the Silliman Institute where he stayed for fourteen years. In 1922 he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

Later on he went to the United States and enrolled in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1908 he graduated as Bachelor of Laws. He was made member of the Webster Debating Club of Michigan and the Michigan Union. Desirous to widen his knowledge, he took post-graduate work in the University of Wisconsin to especialize in Constitutional Law. In 1920 he returned to the Islands and dedicated himself to agriculture. Forced 674

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES in 1922 to launch his candidacy, he was elected in the general elections as Representative from Negros Oriental. He was re-elected in 1928. In 1935, he was elected Assem~ blyman from the first district of Oriental N egros.

VILLANUEVA, HERMENEGILDO

Provincial Governor of Oriental N egros. Governor Villanueva was born in Bais, Oriental N egros, on September 28, 1876. He was Justice of the Peace of Bais, VicePresident in 1902, President in 1903, Governor of Oriental Negros, Delegate to the Philippine Assembly in 1909, Senator in 1919-31, and Provincial Governor in 1931, and Delegate in 1934 from the first district of Oriental N egros to the Constitutional Convention. He was the chief of the organization established in his province during the Philippine Revolution. He is member of the board of directors of the Central Azucarera de Bais and Tanj ay and member of the exclusive clubs in Negros and in Manila. He is at present Governor of the province of Oriental N egros, besides being a progressive agriculturist and a firm believer in the political and economic freedom of his country.

VILLARAMA, ANTONIO

Assemblyman from the Second District of Bulacan, and Doctor of Medicine. He was born in Angat, Bulacan, on September 15, 1894. He was educated in the Primary School of Angat, Bulacan; Intermediate School of Meisic, Manila; Manila High School, Manila; College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, M.D., in 1919. He was chosen Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

He was president of the Manila Medical Society and the Philippine Islands Medical Society. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the second district of Bulacan to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

675

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES M. Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-First Judicial District, Leyte.

He is 53 years old. Before joining the Judiciary, he was Provincial Fiscal of Occidental N egros from 1917 to 1918, and later held the same position in Iloilo from 1918 to 1919. He received his first appointment to the Judiciary as Auxiliary Judge on April 28, 1919. Two years later, he was promoted to his present position.

VILLAREAL, CEFERINO

VILLA-REAL, ANTONIO

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands.

The son of Luis Enciso and Francisca Ochangco, Mr. Villa-Real was born in Arayat, province of Pampanga, on January 17, 1880. He received his preparatory education in Manila and Tokyo; graduated at the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1908, and finished his law studies at La Jurisprudencia of Manila in 1909.

Mr. Villa-Real married Paz Doronila of Iloilo in 1917.

He was interpreter and translator of the Bureau of Justice from 1904 to 1910; assistant attorney from 1910 to 1916; auxiliary judge of the Court of First Instance from 1916 to 1920; district judge of the Court of First Instance from 1920 to 1921, and attorney general from 1921 to 1925.

Professorial lecturer on criminology and penology, also on statutory construction and procedure, Mr. Villa-Real has been director of the practice court of the University of the Philippines and the National University. He is member of the Judicature Society, American Sociology Society, Club Filipino, Cosmos Club, and Philippine Columbian Association.

Mr. Villa-Real belongs to the notable living men and women listed in "Who is Who." His life is to those who know him an illustration of useful and reputable achieve,.

676

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ment in the legal profession; he is a living example of the man who forges ahead, no matter how rough and rugged is the road.

VILLARUEL, ROSARIO

The first Filipina Mason when the Walana Lodge founded the Masoneria de Adopcion. The daughter of Faustino Villaruel, also a Mason, she was initiated on July 18, 1893, when she Was 18. Beautiful and distinguished, Rosario was then the muse of many Masonic gatherings.

She was later arrested and tortured to confess her "masonic filibusterisms." Her name in the lodge was Minerva, Inspector, governing the Clime of Africa. She worked side by side with Rizal's sisters.

VITO. JOSE LoPEZ

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Eighteenth Judicial District, Occidental N egros.

He is 63 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Delegate to the Second Philippine Assembly. He received his appointment as District Judge on February 14, 1929.

WADE, WINDSOR H.

Medical Director of the Leonard Memorial. Former Pathologist of the Culion Leper Colony, Palawan. Dr. Wade was born on November 23, 1886, and educated in the Medica] College, T.-ulane University, M.D., 1912. He became member of the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University, 1908-1909; Demonstrator of Histology, McGill University, Montreal, 1908~1909; Demonstrator of Pathology and Bacteriology, New Orleans, Tu]ane University, 19091918; Resident Pathologist, Charity Hospital, New Orleans, 1913-1915; Instructor, Pathology and Bacteriology, Tulane University, 1912-1915. It was in 1922 when Dr. Wade, one of our famous Leprologists, joined the Culion Leper 677

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Colony of the Philippine Health Service as Pathologist until 1931. Later on, he became Medical Director of the Leonard Wood Memorial in Culion in 1931. He is member of the American Medical Association; Paris Medical Society; American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists; American Society of Tropical Medicine; Far Eastern Tropical Association of Medicine; American Association for the Advancement of Science; International Leprosy Association; American Academy of Tropical Medicine; Charter Member of the National Research Council of the Philippines. During '1931 to 1932, Dr. Wade, made a one year tour of Leprosy institutions under the Leonard Wood Memorial, which is famous the world over, to Japan, China, French Indo-China, Malaya, Japan, Siam, and other countries of the world.

WEST, AUGUSTUS P. Chemist; Chief, Chemical Research Division, Bureau of Science. He is one of the government experts under contract. He was born in Baltimore, Md., U.S.A., on February 6, 1878. He studied in the Johns Hopkins University, A.B:, 1901; Ph.D., 1905. Dr. West was Research Chemist, Glasser's Consulting Laboratory, Baltimore, 19051906; Chemist, Baltimore Copper Smelting Co., 1907-1908; Research Chemist, Johns Hopkins, 1909-1910. Fellow by courtesy from Johns Hopkins University, Dr. West, from 1910 to 1912, became Chemist in the Bureau of Science; Professor of the University of the Philippines from 1928 to the present time. He is member of the American Chemical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and charter member of the National Research Council of the Philippines.

WHITNEY, COURTNEY Lawyer and Businessman. He was born in Takoma Park, Maryland, on May 20, 1897, and was educated in the 678

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Washington, D.C., primary and high schools, LL.B., National University Law School. He landed on Philippine shores as an officer in the United States Army on September 26, 1924. Mr. Whitney is member of the American Legion, American Bar Association, Army and Navy Club, Wack Wack Golf and Baguio Country Club; President of Castmac, Inc., and Abra Mining Co.; vice-president of Southern Cross Mining Co., Theatres Supply Corp., and Consolidated Mines, Inc.; secretary-treasurer ElicafioCushing Co. He is a prominent American lawyer and businessman.

WILLIAMS, ALPHEUS DANIEL

Engineer; former Director of the Bureau of Public Works (1924-1935); one of the building leaders of the Philippines; Consulting Engineer, Metropolitan Water District! Manila.

Born on Augu t 11, 1887, oa t Culpepper, Virginia, U. S. A., Mr. Williams is the son of Charles Bruce and Kate (Daniel) Williams, and was educated at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, B. S. in Civil Engineering, in 1906, and C. E., in 1907.

He worked with the Water Resources Branch, U. S. Geological Survey, from 1907 to 1908, and came to Manila and served as assistant engineer, Irrigation Division, Bureau of Public Works until 1911; District Engineer and Mayor of Baguio, 1911-18; Chief Irrigation Engineer, Bureau of Public Works, 1918-24; and then was appointed Director of said bureau.

Some of the biggest projects undertaken during his administration are the N aguilian Road, Pier Seven, the Legislative Building, the Post Office Building and many other provincial buildings.

Mr. Williams is a Mason, Shriner, Elk; and member of many institutions. He is now Technical Adviser of the Metropolitan Water District in Manila.

679

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES . Robust in health and active in spirit, Mr. Williams is a great worker, possessed with a constructive ability, believing with the French philosopher who said that "Labor rids us of three great evils-irksomeness, vice and poverty."

WILLOQUET, GASTON

Consul for France in Manila. He has been in the French foreign service for almost fifteen years now. M. Willoquet was designated for consular work first in Brazil and then in Argentina. Later on in 1930 he was assigned to Manila. He was born in France on April 20, 1888, and in 1908 he finished his law course in Paris. He saw service in the Great War, and was taken prisoner in Yser. In recognition of distinguished services rendered to the French Republic, he was made Chevalier de la Legion d'Hlonneur in 1929. Courteous and winning in his manners, M. Willoquet is popular in Manila circles.

S. President and General Manager of the Eastern Isles Import Corporation. He is also member of the American Chamber of Commerce, member of Elks, University, Manila Golf, Cosmopolitan Gun, and Tiro al Blanco clubs.

Born on August 31, 1890, in Lewiston, Maine, he studied in his city's public schools and graduated from Tufts College as Civil Engineer in 1911. Coming to the Islands in January, 1916, he worked with the Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey, and in 1920 joined the Eastern Isles Import Corporation. He is director of the Baguio Gold Mining Company and treasurer-director of the Atok Gold Mining Company.

WINSHIP, D!A.VID

WITTMAN, ARTHUR C.

. . Division Superintendent of Schools of Bulacan. The son of A. R. Wittman and Helen Heins Wittman, he was 680

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES born in Kiel, Wisconsin, U. S. A., on September 4, 1890.

He is graduate of Lawrence College, Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1916, and holder of the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He began his life struggles as a rural school teacher, bill clerk for a railroad; bookkeeper for box and excelsior mill; chief of settling desk, Montgomery Ward & Co., Chicago; high school teacher; then entered the army as private in chemical warfare service during the World War; discharged Sergeant, First Class. He entered the Philippine service as high school principal in 1920, was made Superintendent of Schools in 1924, and is still Superintendent of Schools today. Author of health stories, Community Assembly lectures and co-author of "Salary Computations Tables."

He established a dialect newspaper in the Philippines for the barrio people, KabihasnGln. His philosophy of life is: "To have the courage of one's convictions and not be a 'yes' man."

J. Business Executive; President and General Manager of The Sanitary Steam Laundry, Inc., the largest and first of its kind in the Philippine Islands.

It is an interesting story, like that of Alger. He was born May 3, 1880, in Reading, Pennsylvania, U. S. A., son of Thomas H. and Katherine (Watson) Wolff.

-At the age of 19 he arrived in Manila in the latter part of 1899, as a mem.ber {)f the Quartermaster Department, U. S. A. And he has since then remained here, worked hard, stuck to his business and made good. Such is the Old Timer's story.

Besides the Sanitary Steam Luandry Co., Inc., he is also owner of the Rio Grande Estates, Inc., in Cotabato, Mindanao, and president of T. J. Wolff & Co., importers and exporters.

WOLFF, THOMAS

681

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In 1927 he married Caroline Cecile Crawford in New York. He is a Scottish Rite Mason, Shriner (Islam TempIe), Past Exalted Ruler, Elks; and member of various civic and business clubs.

As a social welfare worker, Major Wolff is chairman of the executive committee of the Philippine Chapter of the American National Red Cross, and vice-president and chairman of the executive committee of the Philippine Carnival Association.

As a military man, he served as a Major, Quartermaster Department, Philippine National Guard, and Major, Quartermaster Corps, U. S. A., and also Major Quartermaster, U. S. A. Reserves.

As a business executive, one can find him at his office in The Sanitary Steam Laundry Co., Inc., always busy, the personification of a go-getter.

"The turning-point in my Hfe was in 1899-my arrival in these Islands," he said candidly. "And then a few years lat.er the steam laundry business was established. I love the call of the tropics and my association with the Filipino people.

"In life it is always the eternal survival of the fittest.

So if you would amount to anything struggle hard, live and fight honestly-as a man. And when you are victorious, think of the fallen opponent; be charitable ... "

A. Attorney-at-Law and Businessman. He is President of the Philippine branch of the American Bar Association; member of the Casino Espafiol, Army and Navy, University, Polo, Manila Golf, and Wack Wack Golf and Country clubs.

Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, June 21, 1888, he was educated in various places; the primary grades in New Orleans; the secondary, in Bournemouth, England; Geneva, WOLFSON, JULIAN

682

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Switzerland; Manila, P. I.; St. Louis, Missouri; graduated from the University of Michigan in 1909, with LL.B. degree.

Mr. Wolfson is the senior partner of the well-lmown law firm Wolfson, Barrion & Baradi. He is director of the Gold Creek Mining Corporation, Peoples Mortgage and Investment Company, Philippine Shellcraft Corporation, and the Hacienda Benito, and owner of the Patio de Pasay Apartment.

WRIGHT, GEORGE WILLIAM

Pastor, Presbyterian Mission. Reverend Wright is a member of the Rotary Club and Chaplain of the same. He is Secretary also of the Board of Trustees of the Theological Seminary and Pastor of the Ellinwood Evangelical Church. Reverend Wright has also written several beautiful sermons. As Pastor and Rotarian, he is working for the social and spiritual welfare of the country.

R. Leader in Transportation Industry; General Merchant, and Social Worker.

"Tell us about Don Teodoro Yangco," school children say whenever they hear his name spoken, for "Yangco" is a household word for charity.

And a teacher once told them: Mr. Teodoro R. Yangco was born at San Antonio, Zambales, on November 9, 1861, son of Luis R. Yangco and Ramona Arguelles.

He was educated at the Ateneo de Manila, obtaining his Bachelor of Arts, in 1880. And then he pursued a commercial course at Ealing College, London, during 18821886.

On his return from his studies and observations abroad he engaged in business, such as shipping, real estate, general merchandise and transportation.

YANGCO, TEODORO

683

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He is the proprietor of the Bazar Siglo XX, the Yang~ co Drydocks and Slipways, and the T. R. Y. Transporta~ tion Company.

He was president of the Young Men's Christian As~ sociation in the Philippines ~nd of the Gota de Leche.

In 1917-20 he was Resident Commissioner to the United States Congress. He was once consul for Mexico. Also he was president of the Chamber of Commerce of the Phil~ ippine Islands and the Anti-Tuberculosis Society.

But the eager youth want to know more about him..

Many a story has been published in the newspapers and magazines here regarding him. His name is dear to his people. He helped many men and institutions and supported worthy charitable movements.

To the youth aspiring for a name in this life, he used to say, "Be a Christian, good and true. Then study hard and let your work De a fitting tribute to Him. My great~ est wish is to see men and women, robust and god~fearing, do their bit for our beloved Philippines. For character makes the man."

Don Teodoro is the personification of charity-Iovethe greatest thing in the world.

Recently Mr. S. Stagg wrote Mr. Yangco's inspiring biography.

When the Y. M. C. A. was organized and there was a need and call for a man to be the leader in all the Islands, the voice and vote unanimously fell to him, for everybody said, "Mr. Yangco is the man!"

And a better tribute to the man who lovingly does what he earnestly says could hardly be found!

R. Assemblyman from La Union and Attorney~a~Law. He was born in Aringay, La Union, on December 6, 1892 . .

He studied in Aringay Primary School, La Union, from YARANON, AGATON

684

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1905 to 1907; fifth and sixth grades, Philippine Normal School, 1908-1909; seventh grade, Philippine School of Commerce, 1909-1910; first, second and third years, Instituto de Manila, 1913-1916; fourth year, La Union High School, 1916-1917; first year, Philippine Law School, 1917-1918; first, second, third and fourth years, Georgetown University Law School, Washington, D.C., from 1918 to 1922, LL.B.; Postgraduate work, American University, Washington, 1922-1924, LL.M.; Master of Patent Laws, 1924, N.U. Assemblyman Yaranon was typist in the Bureau of Supply, 1911-1916; auditing clerk, Accounting Division, Bureau of Agriculture, 1917-1918; typist-stenographer, La Union High School, 1916-1917; typist-stenographer and record clerk, Bureau of Insular Affairs, Washington, D.C., 1918-1924; Public Land Inspector, Bureau of Lands, 'Manila, 1924-1925; member, Provincial Board, 1931-1934. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the second district of La Union to the first N atiomll Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

L. Collector of Internal Revenue. For many years connected with the Bureau of Internal Revenue where he has risen from mere clerk to head of the Bureau, Mr. Yatco's career presents a very inspiring life. Recently he was appointed, because of his meritorious services, Collector of the Bureau of Internal Revenue when former Collector Posadas became mayor of the City of Manila. He is director of the Automobile Association of the Philippines. His rise is not due to luck but to constant struggle and study for a better condition in life.

YATCO, ALFREDO

YLAGAN, PEDRO Y.

Lawyer and Professorial Lecturer, one of the Philippines' most able legal Educators.

685

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES The son of Agustin and Sergia Ylagan of Batangas, Mr. Ylagan was born on April 27, 1892, in Taal, Batangas.

After studying at the intermediate school of Taal, he attended the high school department of the Silliman University, Oriental N egros, where he graduated as valedictorian and later as A.B., summa cum laude, when Dr. Hibbard was yet president of this famous institution of learning.

Pursuing further his education, Mr. Ylagan enrolled at the College of Law, University of the Philippines, where he received his LL.B. degree, cum laude, in 1917, and was admitted to practice in the Philippine bar the same year.

It was in 1927 when Mr. Ylagan enrolled at the Yale University of New Haven, Connecticut, where he took postgraduate course and was awarded his J.S.D. degree, as a . res'.llt of which he was admitted to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia and to the Supreme Court of the United States of America.

Mr. Ylagan was formerly editor of the Philippine Law Journal; instructor in law and secretary, College of Law, University of the Philippines; dean, College of Liberal Arts, National University; and is now a practising attorney, professor of civil law, Philippine Law School, National University; member, board of trustees, Silliman Institute; and member, board of trustees, National Teachers College.

This legal scholar with brilliant educational record is the author of Law on ObligatiOns, Definitions and Distinctions iIn Civil Larw, and Negotiorum Gestio and Solutio Indebiti U.nder the Roman, Spanish-Phili'JYPline and AngloAmerican Laws.

In 1919 Professor Ylagan married Flora Amoranto, another bright educator.

As a traveler, Dr. Ylagan has gone around the world in 1927 and is an exponent of the invaluable benefits of 686

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES travel which, when properly appreciated, leads to a useful life of science and culture that no course in any university on earth could ever supplant, as it is the most practical educator.

"Honesty of purpose, integrity of character and doing the best in all that I do," he confided "constitutes my philosophy of life."

Dr. Ylagan has devoted and is devoting the best years of his life to the development of legal education in the Philippines. Surely Rizal was right when he said that a life that is not consecrated to a great ideal is useless, wasted, fruitless.

R. National Physical Director of the Philippines. Dr. Ylanan is also Secretary-Treasurer of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation. Formerly physical director of the University of the Philippines, he is one of the best known all-around athletes of the Isles. After attending the Springfield College and the Harvard University, 19181920, he graduated from the University of the Philippines College of Medicine in 1928.

He is a baseball player and a trackman and winner of the Far Eastern pentathlon championship in the first games held in Manila. He has attended all the games except in 1919 of the Far Eastern Athletic Association in different capacities. He piloted P. I. Teams to the world Olympics. In 1928, he was in charge of a delegation to the Olympics in Amsterdam. Again he is piloting the Philippine team to the Olympics in Berlin this year. Dr. Ylanan, a personification of an amateur athlete who is honest, and fair, and game-is building the sports of this country and raising it to a noble levf!l like those in the days of mighty Sparta.

YLANAN, REGINO

687

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES YULO, JOSE

Secretary of Justice; Corporation Lawyer and Agriculturist.

"Tile man most versed in corporation law is Jose Yu10 !" This is perhaps the greatest compliment ever paid to a man who decided, when he was not sent to America after having passed the competitive examination as a pensionado, to make good and do as much as those who went abroad in his chosen calling-the law profession.

From then on he continued his studies; he entered the University of the Philippines, studied law and graduated, and took the bar examination in due time, and when he passed he had to wait for some time yet before he could receive his license as he was under age!

When the new corporation law was discussed and revised, among those, whose invaluable, opinions were sought and consulted was Mr. Yulo, one of the greatest corporation lawyers in the Philippines. He had his office at the National City Bank Building and handled the legal affairs of many corporations and sugar centrals, such as the Pacific Commercial Co., Inc., and its subsidiaries, the Calamba Sugar Estate, and Pampanga Sugar Mills, Inc. Professorial lecturer on private corporations at the College of Law, University of the Philippines, Mr. Yulo was the secretary of the Philippine Bar Association and vice-president of the Philippine Columbian Association; member, National Economic Council; and chairman, board of directors, Philippine National Bank.

Mr. Yulo has not studied in the United States. He went there only on a pleasure trip recently. But he knows perhaps as much as or more than those who have gone there.

He is now Secretary of Justice.

Born on September 24, 1894, in Bogo, Occidental Negros, and the son of Sofronio Yulo and Segunda Yulo, Mr. 688

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Yulo is studious, calm, and active. He is simple, modest, and very unassuming. He is a believer in deeds rather than words, one who holds tnat a man who makes two ears of corn grow where only one has grown before renders real service to his country.

From. his college days, he remembers those beautiful lines of Meredith: "The man who seeks one thing in life, and but one, May hope to achieve it before life be done; But he who seeks all things, wherever he goes, Only reaps from the hopes which around him he sows, A harvest of barren regrets."

YUSAY, MATIAS

Former Delegate to the CONstitutional Convention and Agriculturist. Born in Molo, Iloilo, on March 24, 1878, and the son of Santa Cruz Yusay and Barnavella Pumaran, Mr. Yusay was educated in Molo and in Manila. He graduated from the San Juan de Letran College as Bachelor of Arts. He took part in the Philippine Revolution as Captain in the army and fought against both Spain and America. When peace was established during the present American regime, he engaged in farming and thus lived a country gentleman's life in his province. A prominent citizen in his community, Mr. Yusay was elected Delegate from the fourth district of Iloilo to the Constitutional Convention in 1934.

A. Provincial Treasurer of Zambales. He was born in Naic, Cavite, on September 4, 1888. His parents were Leoncio Yuvienco and Romana Aquino. He is a Philippine Normal School graduate in 1908, and ~ qualified Pub-lic Accountant and Second Grade English and Assistant Provincial Treasurer eligible. He started as a houseboy YUVIENCO, EUSEBIO

689

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES under Judge Clyde A. Dewitt in 1902 when the latter was then supervising teacher of the Naic primary schools. He became a barrio teacher in 1903, insular teacher from 1908 to H)10, and supervising teacher from 1910 to 1912. Then he held various positions as municipal treasurer, traveling deputy provincial treasurer, traveling and administrative deputy provincial treasurer, deputy provincial and municipal treasurer, and chief clerk and deputy treasurer-assessor of Cavite, successively, from 1916 to 1928; chief clerk and deputy treasurer of Bohol, 1928-1931; assistant provincial treasurer of Pampanga, 1931-1934; provincial treasurer and ex-officio assessor of Camarines Norte in 1935; and provincial treasurer and ex-officio provincial assessor of Zambales since February, 1935, to the present.

F. Educator and Historian. Born in Pagsanjan, Laguna, on May 25, 1907, he was educated under both Anglo-Saxon and Latin systems. He graduated from the Laguna High School in 1926 as valedictorian; was honor student in the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines from 1926 to 1929; finished Ph.B. (in History) in 1929 and M.A. (in History and Anthropology) in 1931 from the University of the Philippines, and obtained Ph.D. (in Philosophy and History), with grade of excelente at the University of Santo Tomas, his Doctoral thesis being PhilVppine Civilization.

Dr. Zaide taught Philippine history in the University of the Philippines from 1929 to 1931, and resigned in 1931 to become professor of History and Political Science in the University of Santo Tomas and San Beda College. In 1934, he resigned from the University of Santo Tomas to become Secretary and Professor of History iIi the new Far Eastern University.

ZAIDE, GREGORIO

690

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES An educator, historian, writer, and journalist, he was twice prize-winner of U. P. National Heroes' Day Biography Contest (1930 and 1931); first-prize winner in Philippines Herald Short Story Writing Contest (October, 1930) ; staff writer of La Defensa (1934-1935) ; contributor to Manila newspapers and magazines; and author of miscellaneous works, such as "Philippine History," "Philippine Civilization," "Ancient Religion of the Filipinos," "The Constitution of the Philippines," "Emilio Jacinto," "Daughters of Bathala," "The Women in the Katipunan," "Political Science," "Amedcan Government," "Mazurka," "Vignettes of Philippine History," "Life of General Antonio Luna," "Life of Andres Bonifacio," and others.

ZALDIVAR, CALIXTO O.

Assemhlyman from Antique and Lawyer. He was born in Pandan, A~tique, on September 13, 1904. Assemblyman Zaldivar was educated in the Pandan Primary School, 1910-1915; Culasi Intermediate School, 1915-1918; Antique High School, 1918-1920; National Academy, 19201921; Manila South High SC,hool, 1921-1922; University of . the Philippines, 1922-1928; Associate in Arts, 1924; Bachelor of Laws, University of the Philippines, 1928. He was Municipal Councilor of Pandan, Antique, 1928-1931, and Representative for Antique, 1934-1935. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Antique to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

ZAMORA, ALFREDO

Provincial Treasurer of Davao. He was born in Ermita, Manila, on June 18, 1881. His parents were Fausto Zamora y Layog and Potenciana Flores y Flores. He studied in the schools under the Spanish regime, and obtained the Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ateneo de Manila in 1901. He passed the First Class Meteorological 691

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Observer and First Grade Spanish examinations. During the Philippine Revolution, he served as Second Lieutenant in the Militia, First Lieutenant in the Infantry, and Captain in the Cavalry Division under General Aguinaldo, and Aidede-Camp to General Ambrosio Flores, Chief of Staff, 1898-1899. Mr. Zamora has served the government since 1901, as clerk, municipal treasurer, chief clerk and deputy, secretary-treasurer, acting provincial governor and provincial treasurer in the different provinces of the Philippines.

He was appointed Provincial Treasurer of Davao in 1927 and is still the provincial treasurer of this province. He is Past Master, Sarangani Lodge, No. 50, and former District Inspector, 18th Masonic District. "Live honestly and honorably," states Mr. Zamora, "and do every possible good for goodness' sake within the bounds of reasonable charity, and at the same time be ever ready and decided to work always and sacrifice, if necessary, for your own country."

F. Master Farmer and former Regent, University of the Philippines. Mr. Jose F. Zamora is one of the first three scientific farmers of the Islands.

Born in Binondo, Manila, on the 16th of May, 1888, and son of Dr. Felipe Zamora and Candida Obispo, Mr. Zamora was educated at the Ateneo de Manila during the early days of the revolution, and later in Shanghai and Saigon schools.

In 1902 he entered the Normal School and, later, the College of Agriculture, at Los Banos, of the University of the Philippines, where in 1911 he obtained his Bachelor of Agriculture degree, and in 1917 his M,a ster Farmer degree.

Mr. Zamora and Dr. M. L. Roxas, ex-director of Plant Industry, were among the pioneer students of the Los Baiios agricultural school.

ZAMORA, JOSE

692

BUIL DERS OF THE NEW PHIL IPPIN ES He marri ed Celes tina Bonca n and of the union four chlidr en were born. He has a big farm in Murcia, Tarlac .

He is a travel er, too. In Europ e he travel ed for pleasure and in order to broad en his scient ific and cultur al horizon.

"Farm ing is a science," he said.

"Choose a caree r where you belong, where there is not much compe tition. Strive to be indepe.ndent and be hones t first of all."

ZANDUETA, FRANCISCO

Judge , Court of First Instan ce, Manila, Sala II. He is 57 years old. Previo us to his appoi ntmen t to the Judici ary, he was Provin cial Gover nor of La Union from 1910 to 1912; Provin cial Fiscal of Misamis from 1914 to 1916; and Provin cial ~iscal of Moun tain Provin ce and Nueva Vizca ya from 1916 to 1920. He was appoin ted District Judge on March 11, 1920. Form er ly Judge of the Court of First Instan ce, Tenth Judici al Distri ct, compr ising the provin ces of Rizal and Bataa n, he was recent ly transferred to the Court of First Instan ce of Manila, Sala II. T. Lawy er and Form er Delegate to the Const itution al Convention. He was born in Santa Rosa, Lagun a, on July 11, 1889, the son of Domingo Zavalla Vallejo and Maria Tiongco. He attend ed the Manil a High School where he gradu ated in 1918. In 1922, he obtain ed the degree of Bache lor of Arts and in 1926 the degre e of Bache lor of Laws, with highe st honors, from the Unive rsity of the Philippine s. He also gradu ated as Maste r of Laws from the Harva rd Unive rsity in the Unite d States . He is memb er of the Philip pine Columbian Association and the Harvardia n Club of the Philip pines. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the first distri ct of Lagun a to the Constitution al Convention in Manila.

ZAVALLA, DOMINGO

693

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ZIALCITA, FRANCISCO

Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention.

Attorney Zialcita was born in Orani, Bataan, on December 8, 1879, the son of Ciriaco Zialcita and Basilia Torres. He attended the San Juan de Letran College, the University of Santo Tomas and the Berkeley University, and is possessor of the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He was Representative from the second district of Leyte and Deputy Provincial Fiscal of the same province. In 1934, Mr. Zialcita was elected Delegate from the third district of Leyte to the Constitutional Convention.

ZOBEL, ALFONSO

Businessman and Managing Partner of Ayala y Compama. He was born in Manila on December 20, 1903, the second son of Enrique Zobel and Garmen Roxas de Ayala. A descendant from the promoters of many industries in the Islands, he was educated in La Salle College, Manila, and later in Real Colegio de Alfonso XII, A.B., Escorial, Spain, and in the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America, B.Ph.F.C., 1924. Mr. Zobel was Director of the Filipinas Compania de Seguros and Director and Vice-President of the Central Luzon Milling Co. Inc.; Treasurer, EI Hogar Filipino; Director, Insular Life Assuran<:e Co. Ltd.; The Philippine Guarantee Co., Inc.; Treasurer, San Miguel Brewery; Treasurer, Filipinas Life Insurance Co.; Treasurer, Metropolitan Theatre Co., and member, Casino Espanol, and other social and business organizations in the Islands.

ZOBEL DE AYALA, ENRIQUE

Business Executive; Partner and Manager, Ayala & Co., Inc. He is a person of great enterprise. Mr. Enrique Zobel de Ayala who was born in Madrid, Spain, on Octo694

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ber 9, 1877, is son of Jacobo Zobel Zangroniz and Trinidad Ayala de Roxas, a descendant of the illustrious families of Manila, the Zobels, Ayalas and Roxas, to whom the Philippines owes her first modern factories of beer, ice, aerated water, sugar, brick, soap and oil.

Enrique Zobel was educated in San Juan de Letran of Manila. He obtained his A. B. degree from the Real Colegio de Alfonso XII, Escorial, Spain; entered the Sainte Barbe College, and Ecole Superieure des Mines, Paris.

Returning to Manila in 1901 he managed his family's vast interests and the firm Ayala y Cia., founded in 1834. He was also connected with other business, such as real estate, drug stores, distilleries and refineries of alcohol, fisheries.

Don Enrique :(ounded the first porcelain factory in the Islands in 1903, also with Soriano the first glass factory.

Member, director, founder and president of many commercial, social, civic and charitable organizations, Mr. Zobel, famous as a businessman and administrator and beloved as a citizen and philanthropist, is a fine gentleman, worthy des,c endant of Jacobo Zobel Zangronis, one of the builders of Philippine culture and civilization.

F. E. Business Executive; President of F. E. Zuellig, Inc., General Importers and Exporters and Zuellig & von Knobe!sdorff, Steamship Agents. Mr. Zuellig comes from Switzerland where he was born in 1883. His latent adventurous spirit bade him go to the Philippines in 1903 and leave his beautiful country Switzerland, famous for her azure and placid lakes. He worked first with Lutz & Co. as clerk. After ten years, he became partner of the Company. Twenty years later, his partner sold out to him.

The firm, F. E. Zuellig, was incorporated in 1923. The Zuellig & Knobelsdorff is agent for the big shipping line, N ordeutscher Lloyd. This businessman's achievement is ZUELLIG,

695

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES notably inspiring because it demonstrates the fact that in order to succeed in business no college education is needed, but capacity, character and conscience, the keys to any noble accomplishment.

ZULUETA, FRANCISCO

Judge of the Court of First Instance of Cavite. He is 45 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Provincial Fiscal of Antique from 1920 to 1922. Later, he held the same position in Capiz, 19221924; and in Occidental Negros, 1924-1929. He was first appointed as Auxiliary Judge on June 11, 1929, and, five years later, he was elevated to Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-fifth Judicial District, Zamboanga and Sulu. In June, 1936, he was transferred to the Court of First Instance of Cavite.

C. Assemblyman from the First District of Iloilo and Attorney-at-Law. He was born in Molo, Iloilo, on February 7, 1889. In 1911 he became "Perito Taquigrafo." He was in 1911 made stenographer in the Court of First Instance and in 1914 secretary to the late Chief Justice Mapa.

Through self-study and practice, he was admitted to practice law in 1916. In 1928, he was elected Representative for the first district of Iloilo and re-elected as such in the elections of 1931. N ow he again represents his district in the National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

ZULUETA, JOSE

ZURBITO, JOSE

Lawyer, Agriculturist, and Stockman. Born in Masbate, Masbate, on February 5, 1884, and son of Gaspar Zurbito and Josefa Cervantes, Mr. Zurbito is a successful practising attorney. He was twice Member of the House 696

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Representatives, 1909-1916; Provincial Governor of Sorsogon from 1916 to 1918; Assistant Director of the National Library of the Philippines from 1919 to 1924; Provincial Governor of Masbate from 1925 to 1928. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from Masbate to the Constitutional Convention. Retired from public life, he is now a practising attorney and a simple but successful farmer and stockman. To live, according to him, is to be useful.

697

REFERENCES LEADERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, 4TH PRINTING, 1934; REVISED, 1936 GRAPHIC, WHO'S WHO SECTION PHILIPPINES FREE PRESS, BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION TRIBUNE, PICTORIAL DIRECTORY OF BUSINESSMEN, 1935 OFFICIAL DIRECTORY OF THE FIRST PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY, 1908 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL, SEGUNDA LEGISLATURA FILIPINA, 1912 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DE LA ASAMBLEA FILIPINA, 1913 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DE LA ASAMBLEA FILIPINA, 1915 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DEL SENADO Y DE LA CAMARA DE REPRESENTANTES, 1917 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL REVISADO DEL SENADO DE FILIPINAS, 1918 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DEL SENADO DE FILIPINAS, 1921 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DE LA CAMARA DE REPRESENTANTES, 1921 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DE LA CAMARA DE REPRESENTANTES, 1923 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DEL SENADO DE FILIPINAS, 1927 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DE LA CAMARA DE REPRESENTANTES, 1929 DIRECTORIO OFICIAL DE LA CAMARA DE REPRESENTANTES, 1932 THE PHILIPPINES HERALD YEARBOOK OF 1935 OUR DELEGATES TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL ASSEMBLY, BEN 1P AYO PRESS, 1935 ROSENSTOCK'S MANILA CITY DIRECTORY, 1935-1936 WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA, 1934-1935 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, REPORT No.1, 1935 TEACHERS OF THE PHILIPPINES SOUVENIR, 1935 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION, 1936

698