EST Newsletter May 2023

NEWSLETTER

Edited by Claudine Borg (Malta), María Abad Colom (Oslo), Esther de Boe (Antwerp) and Raphael Sannholm (Stockholm)

Editorial

Dear EST members,

As the 62nd edition of the EST Newsletter reaches you, summer is just around the corner. This does not only mean that wellneeded leisure and relaxation hopefully is close ahead, but also that exciting events for the TIS community await. In this edition, we announce that the website of the 11th EST Congress in Leeds will soon be launched, and we list TIS summer schools and other events of interest to EST members.

The contributions to the current edition’s Hot Topics section relate to a highly pertinent topic that has recently gained enormous attention in society at large: Artificial Intelligence. No less than four researchers report on studies that concern different aspects of translators’ and interpreters’ interaction with AI: Dorothy Kenny, Anne Catherine Gieshoff, Bianca Prandi and Claudio Fantinuoli.

In the Emerging Voices section, we hear from Sarah McDonagh and Susana Valdez, both finalists for the Young Scholar Prize in 2022, and Carmen Acosta Vicente, who is a PhD candidate at the University of Helsinki. The Newsletter also includes a report from Javier Franco Aixelá about ENTI, which is a new online open access encyclopaedia of translation and interpreting studies that was created by the Spanish TIS association in 2022.

As always, we are grateful to EST members and colleagues who have contributed to this Newsletter. We are looking forward to your ideas, suggestions, comments, and contributions for the November 2023 Newsletter via secretary-general@esttranslationstudies.org

All the best!

Claudine,María,EstherandRaphael

Claudine Borg University of Malta

María Abad Colom OsloMet University

Esther de Boe University of Antwerp

Raphael Sannholm Stockholm University

European Society for Translation Studies

May 2023 No. 62

WordfromthePresident

Dear EST members,

I hope you have already encouraged PhD students you know to apply for the Summer School Scholarship, since the deadline has been extended to May 31st! You can find details on our website.

In the last Newsletter, I wrote to you that our first task in the new Board would be to review the statutes. The statutes had not been significantly revised since the founding of the Society in 1992. Since November, a group within the Board, consisting of Jonathan Downie, Luc van Doorslaer, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, and myself, have been working on a new proposal for the statutes. The proposal was reviewed by the whole Board in April, and we agreed that it was ready to be presented to you and put to a vote. As you have seen from the EST email digest and also will see on the next page of this Newsletter, we have called an Extraordinary General Meeting for Wednesday, 21 June, from 13.00-14.30 EST. The meeting will be held online, and I invite you to have a look at the document on our intranet in advance (see link on the next page). I’m looking forward to seeing you online for the presentation and vote on the revised statutes. You will receive access details to the meeting closer to the date by email. Should you have any comments or questions in the meantime, please feel free to contact Board members directly or send a message to the whole Board via secretary-general@est-translationstudies.org.

The committees have reconvened after the Oslo Congress, and we see that there have been a few changes of committee members. For one, Alexandra Assis-Rosa has given up the chair of the Summer School Scholarship committee. She became a member of the committee in 2010 and chaired it since 2016. I would like to thank Alexandra for her long and committed work to EST and to the Summer School Scholarship committee in particular. I would also like to express my gratitude to Ilse Feinauer for volunteering to chair the committee and to Müge Işıklar Koçak for joining the committee. Thank you!

You will also notice changes in the Young Scholar Prize committee. Daniel Gile and Birgitta Englund Dimitrova have both decided to bid a welldeserved adieu to the committee. I am deeply grateful for the many years of work you both have given to our Society. I also thank David OrregoCarmona for joining the committee.

We have decided to discontinue the Book Purchase Grant and to dissolve the committee. The reason for this is the very low apparent interest in the grant, with no applications recently. The Open Access Prize now contributes to what the Book Purchase Grant was aiming to do, namely enabling researchers’ access to research publications. I thank the former members of the Book Purchase Grant committee – Müge Işıklar Koçak (chair), Iwona Mazur, Jonathan Downie, Iris Schrijver, and Łucja Biel – for their work, and I look forward to welcoming them to other EST committees.

Our final news about the committees is that we are exploring a new conference scholarship. Jonathan Downie will chair the committee, and the Board is discussing how previous ad hoc grants for young scholars to attend EST Congresses can be made available on a permanent basis.

As announced in the last Newsletter, the Secretary General and I can be reached at new e-mail addresses, namely president@esttranslationstudies.org and secretary-general@est-translationstudies.org. Please feel free to contact us anytime with ideas, questions, and contributions.

Finally, keep an eye out for the Leeds Congress website, which is scheduled to go live any day now. I wish you a peaceful and interesting summer and look forward to seeing many of you in the autumn, or perhaps at a summer school!

InitiativesbytheBoard

Updating the Society’s Constitution

An Extraordinary Meeting, online 21 June 2023 at 13.00

As announced at the Congress in Oslo last June, the Board has been working on an update to the Statutes. You can view the proposed changes in the password-protected ‘Members area’ of our website, under the ‘Constitution’ tab or by logging into the intranet via this URL https://esttranslationstudies.org/intranet/constitution/

Savethedate: an (online) Extraordinary Meeting is planned for Wednesday, 21 June, from 13.00-14.30 EST to present the proposed changes to the Statutes. An invitation with more details will follow.

11th EST Congress in Leeds, United Kingdom, 30 June–3 July 2025

We have a date and a logo!

The Centre for Translation Studies of the University of Leeds is looking forward to meeting you all in Leeds for the EST Congress 2025. We have booked the congress halls and on-campus accommodation so you can save the dates June 30–3 July 2025! The new congress logo is also ready, and it will soon be appearing in the congress webpage going live by the end of May!

Sara Ramos Pinto and Callum Walker Chairs of the Organising Committee

Updates on organisations we collaborate with

New Chair of the Danica Seleskovitsch Association

Congratulations to Clare Donovan, who was elected Chair of the Danica Seleskovitsch Association (DSA) as Edgar Wieser’s successor last month. Clare is a conference interpreter, has a PhD in Interpreting Studies, is the former head of the interpreting unit at OECD as well as the former course director at ESIT (Sorbonne) and has also worked with conference interpreting training on the African continent in the PAMCIT network. The EST has had a MoU with DSA and AIIC since 2018, with Elisabet Tiselius acting on our behalf.

Call for Contributions to the Emerging Voices Column

The Emerging Voices in Translation Studies column is dedicated to research by PhD students or recent PhD graduates. We would like to invite members to encourage current or recent students to contribute. We welcome a maximum of three contributions in each issue. Contributions about a PhD dissertation or current project can be accepted from current PhD students or recent PhD graduates who finished their studies within the previous 12 months.

Texts should be no longer than 600 words each (incl. bibliography) and are to follow the guidelines here for the ‘Emerging Voices Column’ section in the EST NL, available when you are logged in at the members section of our website.

Call for Contributions to the EST Research Incubator

Write to us if you would like to share information about a planned or new project and benefit from contacts with other researchers in the EST community. Contributions should be around 200–500 words and are to be sent to secretary-general@est-translationstudies.org. More information here

List of Book Series

As members know, EST keeps track of translation journals. We now also have a list of book series in T&I, which can be viewed on our website in the same online form as the journals. You can find the list here. If you would like a book series to be included, please send an e-mail to secretarygeneral@est-translationstudies.org.

Publications from EST Congresses

If you know of any publications that originated in EST Congresses and are not yet listed on our website here, please let us know by sending the details to secretary-general@est-translationstudies.org

The 2023 Directory of Members

The updated directory of members has been posted on our Intranet. It includes details of members who paid their fees for 2023 and have requested that their names be listed in the directory. If you want to update your details, please send an e-mail to secretary-general@esttranslationstudies.org

Reminder: Discounts from Publishers for EST members

The Society has arranged for members to receive discounts on books from John Benjamins (30%), Bloomsbury (30%), Multilingual Matters (25%), and Brill (30%). In addition, Routledge offers a 30% discount on the most recent titles in their AdvancesinTranslationandInterpreting Studiesseries. Refer to the 'Discounts' page of the password-protected 'Members area' of the EST intranet for more details.

Communication Channels and Policies

New publications in Translation Studies come to our attention in various ways (e.g., publishers' websites, information from members through channels such as our online forms and e-mail). Notices about new books that our volunteers manage to scan appear in the biannual Newsletter and most also appear in our social media streams. Notices about new publications do not appear in the biweekly email digest, which for reasons of space focuses on time-sensitive information such as calls for conference submissions, calls for papers, and job opportunities. Please use the online forms accessible from the EST website or from the links listed below if you have information relevant to Translation Studies that you would like to have distributed via our channels.

Reminder: Announcements of Events and Other TS-Related News Items

Thank you for sending us information about books, journal calls for papers, conferences and other news items to post in our Facebook group and Twitter feed. All you need to do is fill in the appropriate form and hit submit. You can also find links to all forms on the EST homepage

For announcements of new issues and journal calls for papers: https://goo.gl/forms/hUBT58u8Ejmfi3vC2. For conference announcements and conference calls for papers: https://goo.gl/forms/gdrywrMnaToopn9B2. For general announcements not covered by the other forms: https://goo.gl/forms/wt4lHLg9mCWxiWD43.

We are looking forward to hearing from you.

ESTActivities

Young Scholar Prize Committee

the University of Warwick and research associate at the University of the Free State (South Africa). We are all very happy that he accepted our invitation to join the committee and hereby extend him a warm welcome.

Please consult the website for more details about the prize and there will be more news in the next Newsletter no doubt…

Summer School Scholarship Committee

AlineRemael ChairoftheYoungScholarPrizeCommittee

The next EST Young Scholar Prize will be presented at the EST Congress in 2025 and it is only May 2023 now ... In other words, we still have a long way to go. Nevertheless, some applicants may already have finished their PhD at this time since the work must have been completed and approved by the relevant doctoral committee between 31 January 2022 and 31 January 2025 to be eligible for the EST Young Scholar Prize. Submissions cannot be made until 1 January 2025 but I would like to encourage all young researchers to consider sending us their work then: those who have already finished and those who are still working hard on their research project. The EST YSP Committee is looking forward to reading you.

In the meantime, I would like to take this opportunity to pay tribute to two members of the EST YSP Committee who have decided to leave us: Professor Dr. Birgitta Englund Dimitrova and Professor Dr. Daniel Gile. Both scholars have been members of the YSP Committee for many years and Professor Gile was the Committee Chair for the 2019 award. Their commitment has been tremendous and their contributions to the functioning and running of the committee have been invaluable. I would therefore like to thank them in my name and that of the other committee members for their careful reading, interesting and expert comments, well-founded evaluations and pleasant cooperation.

Those of you who have perused the YSP webpage may have seen that we have also welcomed a new Committee member in our midst: David Orrego-Carmona, who is Assistant Professor in Translation Studies at

Wikicommittee

IlseFeinauer ChairoftheSummerSchoolScholarship Committee

PhD students, who are also EST members, are invited to apply for a scholarship of EUR 1,000 to help them enrol for any summer school organized in the field of Translation Studies for the purpose of training researchers. Please visit https://esttranslationstudies.org/committees/summerschool-scholarship-committee/summerschool-scholarship/ for more information and to find the link for the application form. All application forms must be send to the EST Secretary General at secretarygeneral@est-translationstudies.org before the deadline of 31 May 2023

The Summer School Scholarship Committee, now chaired by Prof Ilse Feinauer, will evaluate all applications based on the application as a whole, taking into account all of the requested information: the technical quality of the project, the applicant’s competences and needs, and the relationship between the project and the summer school programme selected.

The name of the scholarship recipient will be announced on the Society’s website in the last week of June 2023 and notice will also be sent (by e-mail) to each of the candidates.

KyriakiKourouni

ChairoftheESTWikicommittee

To celebrate Women’s Day, between 6 and 10 March 2023, the students in the Master in Translation and Terminology Studies at the University of Malta translated Wikipedia articles on women translation scholars, translators, and writers in order to increase women’s visibility on Wikipedia. The project also aimed to strengthen the presence of Maltese on Wikipedia by translating over thirty articles in Maltese. Moreover, our two German students translated eight articles about Maltese authors into German. Led by Claudine Borg, the project involved a collaboration with the Wikimedia Community Malta and the EST Wikicommittee as part of the latter’s effort to address the gap in information about women in Translation Studies.

If you are organizing a conference and would like to arrange a Wikipedia workshop, please let us know and we will be happy as always to endorse the event or Edit-a-thon. We invite article writers and editors to record their participation and progress by making appropriate additions to the Wikiproject page. Twitterers and other social media wizards are also warmly encouraged to tweet new articles under the hashtag #tswikiproject

Translation Prize Committee

Open Access Prize Committee

Book Purchase Grant Committee dissolved

The Committee received no applications in 2022 and 2023. Due to the continued lack of interest in the grant, the Book Purchase Committee will be dissolved with immediate effect. We would like to express our appreciation to the committee members for their work over the years. A heartfelt thanks!

IsabelleRobert ChairoftheTranslationPrizeCommittee

Since the next deadline for the EST Translation Prize is October 2024, the Committee has nothing to report at this stage.

LucvanDoorslaer ChairoftheOpenAccessPrizeCommittee

The Open Access Prize of 2025 is awarded based on the publications of 2022-20232024, so until mid 2024 we have nothing to report.

New Conference Scholarship Committee

To replace the book purchase grant, the Executive Board decided to explore how to make our ad hoc grant committee permanent. Jonathan Downie will work on an initiative to start a Conference Scholarship Committee in the near future.

HotTopicinTranslationStudies:Artificial Intelligence

NMT, LLMs and Literary Machine Translation

DorothyKenny DublinCityUniversity

The automatic translation of literary texts has been a serious research area for nearly a decade, spurred on by early proof-of-concept studies in which literary texts were used to train statistical machine translation (SMT) systems (Toral and Way 2015). The nascent area of literary machine translation (Kenny and Winters forthcoming) received a fillip with the advent of so-called ‘neural’ machine translation (NMT), which generally provided more fluent and grammatically accurate translations, mainly because it relied on more sophisticated mathematical models than SMT and could process whole sentences at a time.

The models used in NMT are based on purely numerical representations of the running words in parallel training texts. These representations take the form of sequences of numbers (or ‘vectors’) known as ‘word embeddings’. They are arranged in layers, where subsequent layers distil information from earlier layers, and the whole model begins to reflect important relationships in the language in question: words that occur together or in similar contexts (and thus often have related meanings) begin to get similar representations, for example. Pérez-Ortiz et al. (2022) explain how NMT systems learn these embeddings. We note here simply that NMT systems use the same kind of embeddings as the Large Language Models (LLMs) that are currently making headlines all over the world, and state-of-the-art NMT also shares a basic ‘transformer’ architecture with such LLMs (GPT stands for Generative Pretrained ‘Transformer’). The two differ in that NMT models are designed to be task-specific (where the task at hand is automatic translation in a given language pair) whereas LLMs are general-purpose models that can be applied to a wide range of tasks, including text summarization, classification, copywriting, computer coding and even translation.

Despite the fact that LLMs such as OpenAI’s GPT series are trained overwhelmingly on text in a single language, their training data as crawled from the web inevitably contain text in other languages; alongside the more than 180 billion words of English that GPT3 was trained on, for instance, it also learned from

more than 3.5 billion words of French (github 2020), much of which is likely to have come from parallel English<>French data. This gives such LLMs multilingual capacities, and as might be expected, experimentation has already begun on using them for literary MT. Karpinska and Iyyer (2023) thus find that GPT3.5 outperforms Google Translate on literary texts translated at paragraph level, but errors and mistranslations persist, and remain “abundant” (p. 14) even with GPT4. Computer scientists working on MT are generally interested in literary translation because it provides perhaps the most demanding testbed for their technologies. As such, their research often focuses on the performance of selected modes, settings and training sets (NMT vs LLM; sentence-level vs paragraph-level translation; generic NMT vs literary-adapted NMT; etc.). Other researchers focus on how literary NMT can be personalized, either ‘upstream’ by using data from a particular human translator to finetune an engine or ‘downstream’ by exploring whether literary translators can assert their own individual style when working in postediting mode. These approaches are exemplified by Hansen et al. (2022) who finetune an English-to-French NMT engine using translations by Nathalie Serval, and Winters and Kenny (forthcoming), who find that the style of the well-known English-to-German translator Hans Christian Oeser does indeed shine through in his post-edited work. Further lines of research look at reader responses to machine translated literary texts (Guerberof and Toral 2020) or discuss the undoubted challenges literary texts pose for MT and the ethical issues involved (Taivalkoski Shilov 2019; Kenny and Winters 2020).

Finally, as the hype around LLMs continues unabated, translators and interpreters generally are singled out by Eloundou et al. (2023) as especially “exposed” to the technology, where “exposure” is defined “as a proxy for potential economic impact without distinguishing between labor-augmenting or labor-displacing effects.”

References

Eloundou, T , Manning, S , Mishkin, P., & Rock, D. 2023. “GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models”. Preprint. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.10130.pdf

Github. 2020. https://github.com/openai/gpt3/blob/master/dataset_statistics/languages_b y_word_count.csv

Guerberof-Arenas, A & Toral, A. 2020. “The Impact of Post-Editing and Machine Translation on Creativity and Reading Experience”. TranslationSpaces9 (2): 255–282. 10.1075/ts.20035.gue

Hansen, D , Esperança-Rodier, E , Blanchon, H. & Bada, V. 2022. “La traduction littéraire automatique: Adapter la machine à la traduction humaine individualisée” . Journalof DataMiningandDigitalHumanities

https://doi.org/10.46298/jdmdh.9114

Karpinska, M & Iyyer, M. 2023. “Large Language Models Effectively Leverage Document-level Context for Literary Translation, but Critical Errors Persist”. arXiv:2304.03245v2[cs.CL]

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.03245

Kenny, D. & Winters, M. 2020. “Machine Translation, Ethics and the Literary Translator’s Voice”. TranslationSpaces9 (1): 123–149.

https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00024.ken

Kenny, D & Winters, M. Forthcoming. “Customization, Personalization and Style in Literary Machine Translation”. In Technologicalchangeintranslationand interpreting, M. Winters, S. Deane-Cox, and U. Böser (eds ). London: Bloomsbury.

Pérez-Ortiz, J A , Forcada, M L. & SánchezMartínez, F. 2022. “How neural machine translation works”. In Machinetranslationfor everyone: Empoweringusersintheageof artificialintelligence, D. Kenny (ed.), 141–164. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6760020

Taivalkoski-Shilov, K. 2019. “Ethical Issues Regarding Machine(-assisted) Translation of Literary Texts.” Perspectives27 (5): 689–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1520 907

Toral, A. & Way, A. 2015. “Machine-assisted translation of literary text”. TranslationSpaces 4 (2): 240–267.

Winters, M & Kenny, D. Forthcoming. “Mark my Keywords: A Translator-oriented Exploration of Style in Literary Machine Translation”. In Computer-AssistedLiterary Translation, A. Rothwell, A. Way, and R. Youdale (eds ) London: Routledge

Real, Virtual and Inbetween: Mixed Realities in Interpreting

AnneCatherineGieshoff ZurichUniversityofAppliedSciences

Technology has always shaped the interpreting profession. The Finlay-Findley SI system, pioneered during the Nuremberg trials, led the way to simultaneous interpreting while word processors and the like in the 1990’s allowed the digitization of paper documents and glossaries. More recently, natural language processing has made it possible to produce machinegenerated glossaries and translation suggestions. Yet another technology-induced change that may affect interpreting is the blending of reality and virtuality. There are two variations of what is referred to as mixed realities: virtual reality (VR), which completely substitutes the physical world, and augmented reality (AR), which combines the physical world with computer-generated content (Milgram et al. 1995). A study conducted by Ziegler and Gigliobianco (2018) on VR in interpreting illustrates some practical implications of this difference: the (physical) microphone console completely disappeared from sight, making it difficult for the interpreters to operate it. In an AR scenario, by contrast, the microphone console stays visible, alongside virtual objects representing the interpreting setting.

Mixed reality technologies are designed to be ergonomic: hand tracking and spatial mapping allow users to interact with virtual objects by performing intuitive gestures. But are there particular affordances for interpreters? With the currently available technologies, I see three main applications:

1) Supportinterpreterswithvirtual informationwhereneeded. This could be the names of the speakers hovering above their heads or translation suggestions for problem triggers such as numbers, terms or proper names. Similar support is currently provided with computeraided interpreting (CAI) tools, but the suggestions are displayed on a computer screen, requiring interpreters to interrupt their visual contact with the speaker if they want to access the CAI input. AR can provide a solution by projecting CAI input directly onto an interpreter’s visual field.

2) Improveergonomicsinvideo conferenceinterpreting Interpreting a video conference from home usually means that the whole conference setting has to be squeezed onto one or two small screens. As a consequence, relevant documents or glossaries often overlap and are not always entirely visible. AR offers the possibility of distributing different parts of the video conference setting (speaker, slides, participants, documents, etc.) across the whole home office in a more interpreter-friendly video conference setting.

3) Createimmersivetraining environmentsforinterpreting students. This has already been done in some universities, chiefly by using VR technologies (see Braun et al. 2020; Gerber et al. 2021). Interesting for training environments is, in particular, ‘spatial sound’, which adapts the sound stream and volume to the position of the user, thereby conveying a more accurate sense of proximity. Students can learn how to position themselves strategically and/or how to cope with ambient noise.

My colleagues and I were very excited when we started thinking about these opportunities. When we tested AR glasses in a small study with professional conference interpreters, though, we were quickly brought down to earth. The glasses weigh about half a kilo, and our participants complained about the lack of wearing comfort. The gesture commands were also a source of frustration because they did not work well. Moreover, the battery lasted only about two hours, so we needed to recharge it after every test run. All in all, it seems to us that the technology still requires some improvement before it can be considered a real asset for interpreters. But maybe one of the most important lessons was that AR also requires spatial awareness. With computers and screens increasingly dominating the interpreting profession (and our daily lives), we have become very accustomed to two-dimensional formats. But mixed realities do not work only on a x- and y-axis. They are 3D. And, if we want to fully exploit what they offer, we need to (re)think in three dimensions.

To sum up: mixed realities offer exciting opportunities but will also require interpreters to adapt. Is it worth it? I don’t know. But it’s certainly worth testing.

Gerber, L., Hlavac, J., Shepherd, I., McIntosh, P., Avella Archila, A., & Cho, H. 2021. “Stepping into the Future: Virtual Reality Training for Community Interpreters Working in the Area of Family Violence”. Journalof SpecialisedTranslation36b: 252–275. Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., & Kishino, F. 1995. “Augmented Reality: A Class of Displays on the Reality-Virtuality Continuum”. In ProceedingsSocietyofPhotoOpticalInstrumentationEngineers, H. Das (ed.), 2351: 282–92. Boston: Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.197321

Ziegler, K. & Gigliobianco, S. 2018. “Present? Remote? Remotely Present! New Technological Approaches to Remote Simultaneous Conference Interpreting”. In InterpretingandTechnology, C. Fantinuoli (ed.), 119–139. Berlin: Language Science Press.

References

Braun, S., Davitti, E., & Slater, C. 2020. “‘It’s like Being in Bubbles’: Affordances and Challenges of Virtual Learning Environments for Collaborative Learning in Interpreter Education”. TheInterpreterandTranslator Trainer14 (3): 259–278.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2020.1800

362

AI in Computer-Assisted Interpreting: Evolution, Challenges and Opportunities

2019). Finally, researchers are exploring hybrid modes of interpreting (Chen & Kruger 2022) and even the use of augmented reality to support interpreters (Gieshoff & Schuler 2022)

Interpreters’ Performances and Interactions in the Context of Numbers.” Target33 (1): 73–102.

https://doi.org/10.1075/target.19166.def.

BiancaPrandi UniversityofInnsbruck

Fostered by the post-pandemic acceleration, artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing about a wind of change in the interpreting profession, with remote and hybrid meetings taking up an increasingly large market segment. In view of the growing complexity of interpretermediated multilectal communication, it is not surprising that supporting technologies for interpreters are also becoming more sophisticated and attracting the interest of Interpreting Studies scholars.

When I started my doctoral studies in 2016, the technological and research landscape in the field of computer-assisted interpreting (CAI) looked very different than it does now. The notion of a “digital assistant” for interpreters had already been put forward several years earlier, but the true revolution for CAI came several years later from the adoption of automatic speech recognition coupled with named entity recognition to prompt interpreters for numbers, terms, and named entities during interpretation (Fantinuoli 2017) Over time, CAI tools have thus evolved into fully-fledged workstations providing solutions to the common challenges interpreters face, from terminology extraction to glossary preparation under high time pressure, to dealing with common problem triggers during the interpreting task thanks to the integration of the above-mentioned AIbased solutions. Such tools are now being integrated into remote simultaneous interpreting (RSI) platforms with the goal of alleviating interpreters’ cognitive load and boost interpreters’ performance. Whether CAI tools have effectively achieved their purpose has been the main object of study in the research conducted on this topic to date, and it is a question which we are yet to provide a definitive answer to.

It is encouraging to notice how the rapid advancements in technology are reflected in the exponential growth in the number and the scope of research projects dedicated to CAI. Topics range from the impact of tool support on the accuracy of interpreters’ renditions (e.g., Defrancq & Fantinuoli 2020) to questions around the integration of CAI tools into the interpreting curriculum (e.g., Rodriguez, Frittella, & Okoniewska 2022) and from deriving principles for user interface design (e.g., Frittella 2023) to the cognitive implications of CAI tools use during interpretation, mainly concerning the simultaneous (Prandi 2018; 2023), but also the consecutive mode (e.g., Wang & Wang

The increasing technologization of the profession begs the question of what the resulting growing complexity of the interpreting process might mean for interpreters’ cognition and for our understanding of interpreting as an inherently technology-mediated and technologysupported activity. To address these questions, I explored the process of computer-assisted simultaneous interpreting from a cognitive perspective in my doctoral study (Prandi 2023), focusing on the methodological challenges of investigating human-machine interaction in technologysupported interpreting. The encouraging findings of this and other studies on CAI tool use during SI have prompted some scholars to define interpreting as augmented (Fantinuoli & Dastyar 2022)

The question of whether and in what sense interpretation may be augmented through technology is indeed a fascinating, albeit complex one to answer. I have recently approached this issue by discussing the notion of augmented cognition in interpreting at the 3rd HKBU International Conference on Interpreting, the first to be entirely dedicated to interpreting technologies. In my view, achieving the goal of augmented cognition in interpreting will require designing tools which are able to supplement humans’ cognitive bottlenecks (Stanney et al. 2009) and integrate into interpreters’ cognitive processes as seamlessly as possible. Current findings suggest that we are yet to solve this problem. A current challenge in understanding the broader impact of CAI tools on interpreting performance lies in the lack of studies that include the perspective of final users of interpretation, a challenge that research on machine interpreting shares (see Fantinuoli & Prandi 2021).

These are exciting times for researchers working on interpreting technology, and AI advancements seem to be constantly pushing the boundaries of what we thought possible. These developments also give rise to concerns and challenges from multiple perspectives, from training to research methodology. The field of computer-assisted interpreting itself shows that a dichotomic view of humans vs. machines does not serve us. Rather, safeguarding complexity in our discussion around interpreting technology will be key for the development of solutions truly centred around interpreters’ needs and enable us to foster the resilience of the profession in an increasingly technologized world.

References

Chen, S. & Kruger, J. L. 2022. “The Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Interpreting: A Preliminary Study Based on English-Chinese Consecutive Interpreting.” TranslationandInterpretingStudies, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.21036.che.

Defrancq, B. & Fantinuoli, C. 2020.

“Automatic Speech Recognition in the Booth: Assessment of System Performance,

Fantinuoli, C. 2017. “Speech Recognition in the Interpreter Workstation.” In Proceedings ofthe39thConferenceTranslatingandthe Computer, 25–34. London: Editions Tradulex.

Fantinuoli, C. & Dastyar, V. 2022. “Interpreting and the Emerging Augmented Paradigm.” InterpretingandSociety1 (July): 1–10.

https://doi.org/10.1177/27523810221111631.

Fantinuoli, C & Prandi, B. 2021. “Towards the Evaluation of Simultaneous Speech Translation from a Communicative Perspective.” In Proceedingsofthe18th InternationalConferenceonSpoken LanguageTranslation, 245–54. Bangkok (online).

http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.iwslt1.29.

Frittella, F. M. 2023. UsabilityResearchfor Interpreter-CentredTechnology:TheCase StudyofSmarTerp.Translation and Multilingual Natural Language Processing 21. Berlin: Language Science Press. 10.5281/zenodo.7376351.

Gieshoff, A C & Schuler, M. 2022. “The Augmented Interpreter: A Pilot Study on the Use of Augmented Reality in Interpreting.” In 3rdHKBUInternationalConferenceon Interpreting:InterpretingandTechnology, Hong-Kong. Online.

https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475 /26724.

Prandi, B. 2018. “An Exploratory Study on CAI Tools in Simultaneous Interpreting: Theoretical Framework and Stimulus Validation.” In InterpretingandTechnology, C Fantinuoli (ed.), 28–59. Berlin: Language Science Press.

https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1493281. . 2023. Computer-Assisted SimultaneousInterpreting:ACognitiveExperimentalStudyonTerminology Translation and Multilingual Natural Language Processing 22. Berlin: Language Science Press. 10.5281/zenodo.7143056.

Rodriguez, S , Frittella, F. M. & Okoniewska, A. M. 2022. “A Paper on the Conference Panel ‘In-Booth CAI Tool Support in Conference Interpreter Training and Education.’” In Proceedingsofthe43rdConference TranslatingandtheComputer, 78–87. Geneva: Editions Tradulex.

Stanney, K. M., Schmorrow, D. D., Johnston, M., Fuchs, S., Jones, D., Hale, K. S., Ahmad, A., & Young, P. 2009. “Augmented Cognition: An Overview.” ReviewsofHumanFactorsand Ergonomics5 (1): 195–224.

https://doi.org/10.1518/155723409X448062.

Wang, X & Wang, C. 2019. “Can ComputerAssisted Interpreting Tools Assist Interpreting?” Transletters.International JournalofTranslationandInterpreting3: 109–139.

The Emergence of Machine Interpreting

delivers translated text as output (Zhang et al. 2022)

Simultaneous MI is the most intricate form, as it necessitates interpreting an ongoing stream of speech incrementally, without interruptions or complete context knowledge (e.g., what the speaker will say moments later). To accomplish this, speech must be segmented into meaningful chunks in real-time. Segmentation methods range from detecting pauses in the speaker's flow and employing fixed word lengths, to utilizing dynamic approaches based on real-time syntactic and semantic analysis of incoming speech.

ClaudioFantinuoli UniversityofMainz

Machine interpreting (MI), also known as speech-to-speech translation, is an automated language translation process that converts spoken content from one language to another in the form of speech. Distinct from offline speech translation, which is typically employed for pre-recorded audio and video, MI's most notable feature is its immediacy: the interpretation is produced in real-time on the basis of a single presentation and intended for immediate consumption. The translation process can be either consecutive, interpreting content sentence by sentence, or simultaneous, which allows for continuous speech without interruption. MI aims at reducing language barriers and fostering global information exchange and unobstructed, fair communication.

MI is advancing rapidly, transitioning from research labs to practical applications, initially catering to recreational or casual purposes, such as for conveying information at hotel desks, and more recently, addressing professional scenarios such as live interpreting of lectures and events. The emergence of MI is fueled by the latest advancements in machine learning techniques applied to natural language processing, which have found significant adoption in industrial settings.

There are two primary approaches to machine interpreting. The end-to-end approach utilizes a single component to directly interpret input audio to output audio without generating intermediate text (Lee et al. 2022). Although this method is still experimental and not yet applied in real-life situations, it represents one end of the MI spectrum. On the other end is the cascading approach, which employs a flexible pipeline of components, typically involving speech recognition, machine translation, and voice synthesis. This is currently the prevalent method for tackling speech translation challenges (see e.g., Sperber & Paulik 2020).

Recent trends lie between these two extremes, aiming to merge some components of the cascading approach into single components. This reduces system complexity, enhances translation accuracy and naturalness, and prevents error propagation between components (Gaido et al. 2020). One such example is speech-to-text translation, which combines speech recognition and machine translation in a single language model that accepts speech as input and

As MI systems have only recently emerged, research on user-centered evaluation methodologies is still in its early stages. Initial attempts have utilized written translations or human interpretations as the gold standard (Fantinuoli & Prandi 2021). Depending on the system, results have demonstrated high accuracy. However, the systems exhibit limited flexibility, performing well in specific scenarios like formal presentations but experiencing a rapid decline in quality in other situations, particularly when the spoken content is disfluent, poorly structured, or relies on meaning not solely encoded in language (see Anastasopoulos et al. 2022). Evaluation of other aspects, such as speech clarity and voice naturalness, is only beginning to gain traction (see the latest IWST evaluation campaign at https://iwslt.org/2022/speech-to-speech), while facets like human-machine interaction remain largely unexplored.

MI faces a multitude of challenges due to the complexity of human communication, which are further compounded in multilingual spoken exchanges. At present, MI depends exclusively on the information embedded in spoken language, overlooking essential communication elements such as non-verbal cues and vocal intonation. Additionally, the translation process is not anchored in the communicative event, resulting in machines lacking awareness of the context, speaker's intentions, or the interlocutors' reactions.

To address these limitations, emerging approaches are being explored, such as incorporating additional layers of information, like images, into the process (Sulubacak et al. 2019). More recently, generative language models (e.g., ChatGPT) and their ability to derive meaning from language have shown promising advances in translation, improving aspects such as text coherence, gender usage, and more (Hendy et al. 2023; Castilho et al. 2023).

As MI continues to progress, it has become increasingly evident that numerous tasks requiring a high level of human intelligence, such as interpretation, can be effectively executed by machines without them necessarily displaying intelligence themselves (e.g., Floridi 2023). However, it is important to recognize that MI may not be appropriate for all purposes, regardless of the performance quality it reaches in the near future. In scenarios where deep understanding, human empathy, and accountability are essential, human interpreters will remain irreplaceable. We are now entering an era where both humans and

machines collaboratively facilitate access to multilingual content. This will require new collective efforts in providing counselling on and regulating its use according to practical and ethical considerations.

References

Anastasopoulos, A , Barrault, L. Bentivogli, L., Zanon Boito, M., Bojar, O., Cattoni, R., Currey, A. et al. 2022. “Findings of the IWSLT 2022 Evaluation Campaign.” In Proceedingsof the19thInternationalConferenceonSpoken LanguageTranslation(IWSLT2022), 98–157. Dublin: Association for Computational Linguistics.

https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.iwslt-1.10.

Castilho, S , Mallon, C., Meister, R., & Yue, S 2023/Forthcoming. “Do Online Machine Translation Systems Care for Context? What about a GPT Model?” In 24thAnnual ConferenceoftheEuropeanAssociationfor MachineTranslation(EAMT2023),12-15June 2023. Tampere: EAMT

https://events.tuni.fi/eamt23/

Fantinuoli, C & Prandi, B 2021. “Towards the Evaluation of Automatic Simultaneous Speech Translation from a Communicative Perspective.” In Proceedingsofthe18th InternationalConferenceonSpoken LanguageTranslation(IWSLT2021), 245–54. Bangkok: Association for Computational Linguistics.

https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.iwslt-1.29

Floridi, L. 2023. “AI as Agency without Intelligence: On ChatGPT, Large Language Models, and Other Generative Models.” SSRN ElectronicJournal

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4358789

Gaido, M , Savoldi, B., Bentivogli, L., Negri, M., & Turchi, M. 2020. “Breeding GenderAware Direct Speech Translation Systems.” arXiv:2012.04955[cs.CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.04955

Hendy, A , Abdelrehim, M., Sharaf, A., Raunak, V., Gabr, M., Matsushita, H., Jin Kim, Y., Afify, M., & Hassan Awadalla, H. 2023. “How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluation.” arXiv:2302.09210[cs.CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09210

Lee, A , Gong, H., Duquenne, P.-A., Schwenk, H., Chen, P.-J., Wang, C., Popuri, S. et al. 2022. “Textless Speech-to-Speech Translation on Real Data.” arXiv:2112.08352[cs.CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.08352

Sperber, M. & Paulik, M. 2020. “Speech Translation and the End-to-End Promise: Taking Stock of Where We Are.” arXiv:2004.06358 [cs.CL]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.06358

Sulubacak, U , Caglayan, O., Grönroos, S.-A., Rouhe, A., Elliott, D., Specia, L. & Tiedemann, J. 2019. “Multimodal Machine Translation through Visuals and Speech.”

arXiv:1911.12798[cs.CL]

http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12798

Zhang, B , Haddow, B., & Rico Sennrich. 2022. “Revisiting End-to-End Speech-to-Text Translation from Scratch.” arXiv:2206.04571 [cs.CL] http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04571

EmergingVoicesinTranslationStudies

Audio Describing the Maze and Long Kesh Prison: A Practice-Based Approach

SarahAnneMcDonagh UniversitatAutònomadeBarcelona

In the summer of 2007, filmmakers recorded the Maze and Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland as part of the Prisons Memory Archive (PMA). The footage was later edited into video tours of the prison’s built environment but no voice-over was provided, in order to allow viewers to draw their own conclusions about the prison However, this made the videos inaccessible to blind and partially blind individuals and those unfamiliar with the prison's legacy in Northern Ireland. In response, I developed descriptive guides for three video tours of the prison: The Compound1, Hospital2, and H-Block3 buildings (McDonagh 2021), using a creative practice approach with an exploratory and reception study.

In my thesis, I examine translation as process and product, incorporating a practice-based approach to reflect on the challenges of translating visual footage of a site that holds so many traumatic, personal, and historical memories for the people of Northern Ireland. I describe the decisions made during the scripting, recording, delivery, and editing of the descriptive guides and invite feedback from individuals across Northern Ireland through questionnaires, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews.

I chart the process of creating the descriptive guides of the PMA video tours, expanding my inquiry to reflect on the key decisions made at various stages throughout this process such as the scripting, recording, delivery, and editing of the descriptive guides. Throughout this process, people were invited to provide feedback on the various iterations of the descriptive guides. 1

This research project extends the use of AD to a domain in which it is not typically applied, namely heritage sites and specifically the politically disputed site of the Maze and Long Kesh prison. This presents challenges as the "source text" does not have a clear narrative for the descriptive guides to follow. Moreover, the prison's significance in Northern Ireland is contested. For some, the prison is a symbol of Republican struggle against British oppression, whereas for others it is seen as a shrine to terrorism. Given this contention, I adopted a purposeful, collaborative methodological approach for my research project, which involved the PMA creative team, PMA participants, and workshop participants. Feedback from workshop participants in the exploratory and reception studies further validated my research findings and aligned with recent research trends on the wider applicability of AD to the general public (Eardley et al. 2017; Hutchinson 2019; Hutchinson & Eardley 2019)

Like all forms of translation, AD does not exist in a vacuum. Audio describers, like translators, are aware of the world in which the audiovisual text is located and make decisions on language use and focus. While there is a growing recognition of issues of linguistic and cultural representation in subtitling and dubbing (Díaz Cintas 2012; Díaz Cintas et al. 2016; Ranzato & Zanotti 2018), the field of AD has been comparatively slow to respond This research marks a first step towards critically assessing the important role the audio describer plays in shaping how audiovisual texts are created and received through their spoken delivery, detailed descriptions, and word choice. The results of this research demonstrate that AD is not simply the rendering of the visual into audio, but rather involves cultural mediation. While addressing important accessibility concerns, the audio describer also has the potential to add new layers of meaning and aesthetic value to visual media, nuancing representation, and engaging larger and more varied audiences in difficult but essential conversations

(McDonagh 2023)

References

Díaz Cintas, J. 2012. “Clearing the Smoke to See the Screen: Ideological Manipulation in Audiovisual Translation”. Meta57 (2): 279–293.

Díaz Cintas, J., Parini, I., & Ranzato, I. 2016. IdeologicalManipulationin AudiovisualTranslation. Special issue of AltreModernità- Rivistadistudiletterariee culturali

https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/AMonline/i ssue/view/888

Eardley, A. F., Mineiro, C., Neves, J., & Ride, P. 2016. “Redefining Access: Embracing Multimodality, Memorability and Shared Experience in Museums”. Curator, TheMuseumJournal59 (3): 263–286.

Eardley, A. F., Fryer, L., Hutchinson, R., Cock, M., Ride, P., & Neves, J. 2017. “Enriched Audio Description: Working towards an Inclusive Museum Experience”. In Inclusion,DisabilityandCulture:An EthnographicPerspectiveTraversing AbilitiesandChallenges, S. Halder and L. Czop Assaf (eds.), 195–207. Cham: Springer.

Hutchinson, R. 2019. “Museums for All: Towards Engaging, Memorable Museum Experiences through Inclusive Audio Description”. PhD thesis, University of Westminster.

Hutchinson, R. S. & Eardley, A. F. 2019. “Museum Audio Description: The Problem of Textual Fidelity”. Perspectives27 (1): 42–57.

McDonagh, S. 2021. Audio-DescribedTours oftheMazeandLongKesh. Prisons Memory Archive.

https://prisonsmemoryarchive.com/theprisons/maze-and-long-kesh/

McDonagh, S. 2023. “Accessing Northern Ireland’s Contested Past: Creating Descriptive Guides of the Maze and Long Kesh Prison Video Tours”. Journalof SpecialisedTranslation39: 52–76. https://www.jostrans.org/issue39/art_mcdo nagh.php

Ranzato, I. & Zanotti, S. (eds.) 2018. LinguisticandCulturalRepresentationin AudiovisualTranslation. New York: Routledge.

Translated Medical Texts Aimed at Health Professionals: Translation Process, Expectations and Misperceptions

questionnaire data pointed to a complex picture of beliefs, attitudes and expectations towards themselves, other translators, revisers and readers (Valdez & Vandepitte 2020; Valdez 2021b).

SusanaValdez LeidenUniversity

It was my work as a reviser and linguistic quality assurance specialist that led me to research translated medical texts. I was particularly interested in exploring the types of texts that I worked with – texts aimed at health professionals. Little had been researched about this type of expertto-expert communication, which was particularly surprising to me since this was what my colleagues and I translated and revised every day. How these texts are translated and how revisers and health professionals evaluate particular translation options became my PhD topic.

To tackle this, I carried out the study in three stages, adopting a multifaceted approach using process-, product- and participant-oriented methods. In the first stage, data were collected from translators (novice and experienced), including keylogging, screen-recording and questionnaire data, to describe the types of solutions employed by the translators in response to problematic translation units. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that, during the self-revision process, novice and experienced translators tend to move from more literal versions to less literal ones (the Literal translation hypothesis, see Chesterman 2011: 26). However, the analysis revealed the opposite: translators tended to move from less literal versions to more literal ones and this was more pronounced in novice translators (Valdez 2021a). The

In the second and third stages, a group of experienced revisers and a group of health professionals were asked to evaluate translated excerpts of the same instructional text and answer questions regarding their beliefs and expectations about how translators should translate. The findings, taken together, reveal that the majority of revisers and health professionals opted for the most targetoriented translations and expressed the view that translators should produce target-oriented translations considering criteria like readability (see Valdez 2023).

The findings are interesting mainly because they suggest that translators misperceive how revisers and health professionals evaluate particular translation options and their expectations. It suggests not only that translators literalize when self-revising, moving from less to more literal versions, but also that they believe that they should produce and are expected to produce mostly literal translations. However, revisers’ and health professionals’ evaluations of translation options and beliefs suggest they favor target-oriented translated texts.

This misperception of revisers’ and health professionals’ preferred translation options and expectations has clear consequences for translators’ work and training. These findings are of value to inform translators and revisers of what health professionals expect from their work. Translations that are not able to fulfill clients’ expectations are considered poor quality with consequences for the reputation of the translator. Translators should therefore be trained to develop self-awareness to monitor and assess, in their translation and revision decision-making processes, how their own expectations about translation and their perceived expectations about revisers and readers influence their work.

Given that communication between professional translators and revisers can be a factor for the (mis)perceptions identified

regarding expectations, best practices for peer feedback are also proposed. In addition, researchers and universities are called upon to promote communication among professional translators, revisers and readers in specialized domains, as has been done in other areas.

References

Chesterman, A. 2011. “Reflections on the Literal Translation Hypothesis.” In Methods andStrategiesofProcessResearch: IntegrativeApproachesinTranslation Studies, C Alvstad, A Hild, and E Tiselius (eds.), 23–35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.94.05che

Valdez, S. 2021a. “Literalization in the Selfrevision Process of Novice and Experienced Biomedical Translators.” Cognitive LinguisticStudies8 (2): 356–377. https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00082.val

Valdez, S. 2021b. “Beliefs, Attitudes and Expectations on How to Translate Medical and Biomedical Content: The Perspective of the Novice Translator.” In Multilingual AcademicandProfessionalCommunication inaNetworkedWorld.Proceedingsof AELFE-TAPP2021(19th AELFE Conference, 2nd TAPP Conference). Vilanova i la Geltrú: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.

http://hdl.handle.net/2117/348448

Valdez, S. 2023. “On the Reception of Biomedical Translation: Comparing and Contrasting Health Professionals’ Evaluation of Translation Options and Expectations about the Safe Use of Medical Devices in Portuguese.” TheTranslator. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2022.21 59297

Valdez, S & Vandepitte, S. 2020. “Exploring a Two-Way Street. Revisers’ and Translators’ Attitudes and Expectations about each other in Biomedical Translation.” In TranslationRevisionand Post-editing:IndustryPracticesand CognitiveProcesses, M. Koponen, B. Mossop, I S. Robert, and G Scocchera (eds.), 148–164. London: Routledge

But What About Gender?

different societies, institutional systems, and language pairs.

CarmenAcostaVicente UniversityofHelsinki

The interpreter’s role and agency have been extensively researched in public service interpreting (PSI) – especially since the turn in interpreting studies that recognised the interpreter as an active participant in interaction rather than a linguistic conduit (e.g., Wadensjö 1998; Angelelli 2004). Although this understanding of the interpreter’s participatory status in interaction raises many questions in terms of the role of the interpreter’s social identities, issues such as gender have received insufficient attention in interpreting studies (Baer & MassardierKenney 2015: 91; Acosta Vicente 2023/Forthcoming). Considering that PSI is generally a feminised profession (Gentile 2016), I was surprised by this research gap and inspired to explore the possibilities it offered.

The general aim of my ongoing articlebased doctoral dissertation "The Interpreter's Gender Performance in Healthcare Settings: Evidence from Finland, the UK, and Spain" is to analyse the way the interpreter's gender becomes relevant, how it is constructed and "performed" in interaction, and the impact it has on interpreter-mediated encounters (IMEs) in healthcare settings. By collecting data from three countries, the project aims to present a broader perspective on the issue of gender in PSI and identify potential differences and similarities in relation to

Article I, which will be published in the edited volume NewTrendsinHealthcare Interpreting, focuses on identifying the ways in which gender-related issues have been approached in existing studies on interpreting. Through a thematic analysis, I found a great diversity of topics. However, many of the texts I reviewed dealt with gender as a secondary issue and not the principal focus. Furthermore, most studies were based on interviews and questionnaires, which implies significant gaps in terms of interactional analyses of gender-related phenomena in IMEs. All in all, my analysis suggests that the study of gender-related issues in interpreting is a promising research area which, if thoroughly examined, will most probably yield interesting results and have important implications for PSI.

Article II focuses on a qualitative survey study on the significance of the interpreter’s gender in PSI. The study gathers together the insights and experiences of 95 public service interpreters in the UK, Finland, and Spain. The thematic analysis suggests that the interpreter’s gender becomes meaningful in IMEs due to a variety of factors. In terms of interpreting settings, the analysis indicates that the interpreter’s gender becomes most relevant in healthcare interpreting. Participants highlighted the influence of the interpreter’s gender on the client’s comfort and the establishment of interpreter-client rapport. Participants also reflected on the significance of their gender in connection with, among other factors, their participatory status in IME (e.g., conduit vs. active involvement), cultural perceptions of gender and gender roles, voiceover in sign-language interpreting, gender biases and stereotypes, sexism, and inequality. An in-depth analysis of the data will be presented in an upcoming publication.

In the next stages of the project, I will conduct an interactional analysis of

healthcare IMEs to identify the ways in which interpreters perform gender and how it impacts the encounter. Considering the abstract nature of gender and its complex connection to other social identities and factors, I will triangulate different datasets to examine the influence of the interpreter’s gender in the encounter. The datasets – consisting of simulations of healthcare IMEs, interviews with the interpreters, and questionnaires completed by the doctors and patients – will be collected in Finland, the UK, and Spain with the language pairs Spanish-English, Finnish-English, and Finnish-Spanish. The results will provide insights into the interactional significance of the interpreter’s social identities in IMEs and should be applicable in interpreter training, codes of ethics, and guidelines.

References

Acosta Vicente, C. 2023/Forthcoming. “A Literature Review on Gender in Interpreting: Implications for Healthcare Interpreting”. In NewTrendsinHealthcare InterpretingStudies:AnUpdatedReviewof ResearchintheField,R. Lázaro Gutiérrez and C. Álvaro Aranda (eds). Singapore: Springer.

Angelelli, C. V. 2004. Revisitingthe Interpreter'sRole:AStudyofConference, Court,andMedicalInterpretersinCanada, Mexico,andtheUnitedStates. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Baer, B J. & Massardier-Kenney, F. 2015 “Gender and Sexuality”. In Researching TranslationandInterpreting,C. V. Angelelli and B. J. Baer (eds.), 83–96. Abingdon: Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315707280

Gentile, P. 2016. “The Professional Status of Public Service Interpreters. A Comparison with Nurses”. FITISPOS InternationalJournal3: 174–183. https://doi.org/10.37536/FITISPosIJ.2016.3.0.110

Wadensjö, C. 1998. Interpretingas Interaction. New York: Longman

TSInitiatives

Summer schools 2023

In chronological order:

MC2lab - II International Summer School on Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies. Cartagena, Spain, 5–16 June 2023. http://mc2lab.net/school23/

Summer School Methods in Language Sciences. Ghent University, Belgium, 10–14 July 2023. https://www.mils.ugent.be/

English Retour Interpreting Summer School (online). Heriot-Watt University, 14–16 July 2023. https://www.hw.ac.uk/uk/schools/socialsciences/languages-intercultural/cpd/english-retour-interpreting-summer-school.htm

Summer School in Media Accessibility. Sapienza University Rome, Italy, 17–21 July 2023. SUMMER SCHOOL IN MEDIA ACCESSIBILITY AT SAPIENZA (SSMA-S) | Dipartimento di Studi Europei Americani e Interculturali - SEAI (uniroma1.it)

BCLT Summer School: International Literary Translation and Creative Writing Summer School. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, 23–29 July 2023. https://www.uea.ac.uk/groups-and-centres/british-centre-for-literary-translation/summer-school

English Translation Summer School. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, UK, 21–24 August 2023. https://www.hw.ac.uk/uk/schools/socialsciences/languages-intercultural/cpd/english-translation-summer-school.htm

CETRA Summer School 2023 (online): 34th Research Summer School University of Leuven, Belgium, 28 August–8 September 2023 Chair professor: Hanna Risku (University of Vienna). https://www.arts.kuleuven.be/cetra/summer_school.

Lexicon Doctoral Summer School on Terminology Management in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Almuñecar (Granada), Spain, 4–8 September 2023. http://bit.ly/3mkGeD8

Graz Summer School on Conceptualizing Histories of Translation: From your Story to History. University of Graz, Austria, 18–23 September 2023. https://bit.ly/3OA39GX

A New Encyclopaedia: ENTI (Encyclopaedia of Translation & Interpreting)

ENTI is an open encyclopaedia focusing on translation and interpreting studies (TIS), fostered by AIETI (Iberian Association of Translation & Interpreting Studies). This project aims to be open-access, international, multilingual, multimedia, rigorous, scalable, and constantly in-the-making, as explained in detail in our Mission statement. The encyclopaedia aims to gradually cover the whole of TIS through approximately 6,000-word entries written by TIS experts from around the world.

The first edition (2022) comprises more than 80 entries and over 100 authors working in many different countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Unites States ). ENTI was launched under the supervision of Javier Franco Aixelá & Ricardo Muñoz Martín, with the collaboration of Carla Botella Tejera as editorial coordinator. The second enlarged edition is planned for 2024 and will incorporate some 40 additional entries.

This project has no end date and is rather intended to continue over time, with biennial enlargements geared to provide an ever more comprehensive and topical coverage of the very broad field of TIS. Here you can access the table of contents (by titles, topics or authors).

ISSN: 2951-6714.

ENTI is published under license CC BY-NC 4.0

Javier Franco Aixelá February 2023

Report from the Translation Studies Bibliographies

12th Report on BITRA – December 2022

Javier Franco Aixelá, Javier.Franco@gcloud.ua.es

A few figures as of December 2022

Language of entries (not exhaustive)

Main subjects (not exhaustive)

Distribution by format

Prospects and comments

BITRA grew in 2022 at a similar rate to 2021. At this pace, by the end of 2023 BITRA should comprise ca. 93,000 entries, with about 9,300 of them (10%) mined for impact.

Additional noteworthy figures:

• With 52,681 abstracts, over 58% of BITRA entries (over 75% for the 2001–2021 period) are covered in this very important regard.

• A total of 9,101 documents (10% of the records) have been mined for their citations. This results in over 129,000 citations and reviews (ca. 3,000) assigned, including 35,293 (39%) entries with at least 1 citation to them detected.

TSB – Translation Studies Bibliography

Yves

Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer (eds.)

Recent developments

Thanks to the continued cooperation with the University of Tartu and Guangxi University, the Translation Studies Bibliography (TSB, see https://benjamins.com/online/tsb/) now contains over 38,000 annotated records about scholarly publications in TS according to the criteria explained on https://www.benjamins.com/online/etsb/criteria.

Interlinking between the TSB website and external sources has become easier. When users click on a DOI or URL of a specific publication, the system automatically checks if this content is available through institutional subscription, providing immediate access to the full text where possible.

Furthermore, the search function has been optimised. In the main search bar, it is possible to insert Boolean operators (and/or/not) and the advanced search also allows filtering by publication type to quickly find reviews, special issues, etc. Lists in the browse section include supplementary information, such as a link to the author’s ORCID profile. The language list, for instance, shows the number of publications in a given language or having this language as a subject (either as source, target or pivot language), all at a single glance.

Other novelties relate to the data entry site, where researchers can propose relevant (and their own) publications for inclusion in the TSB. New journal titles can now directly be added to the database and, if desired, newly created author records can even be enriched with the original author names in non-Latin script.

Over the past year, about 100 bibliographic records have been submitted by external contributors. We hope to gather many more suggestions in the future, also with the help of EST members.

EST-endorsed events

You are welcome to get in touch with us if you are planning an event which you would like us to endorse: secretary-general@esttranslationstudies.org.

UpcomingTSConferences

The list below is based on the EST list of conferences on the website. Thanks to David Orrego-Carmona for regularly compiling the list for us.

Date

25/05/2023

27/05/2023

31/05/2023

02/06/2023

12/06/2023

12/06/2023

20/06/2023

26/06/2023

Name

NPIT 6 - 'Unstated' mediation: On the ethical aspects of non-professional interpreting and translation

7 CATS Questioning the Universal Through Translation: Translating the Social Sciences and Humanities Today /L’universel à l’épreuve de la traduction: Actualités de la traduction des sciences humaines et sociales

2nd Conference on Translation and Interpreting: Translation as (inter)cultural mediation

Semmelweis Medical Linguistics Conference 2023 - Impact of Sociocultural Factors on Health Communication Hybrid Conference

Authors and their Translators: The Genealogy of an Asymmetric Relationship International conference

24th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation EAMT

3rd Conference of Association for Translation Studies in Africa (ATSA) – Contemporary Issues in Translation, Interpreting and Intercultural Mediation

14th International Symposium on Bilingualism with the theme "Diversity Now". Macquarie University

26/06/2023 The International Translation and Circulation of Shakespeare Criticism

26/06/2023 Translation and the News: State of the Art, Dialogues, Reflections

30/06/2023

13th International Symposium for Young Researchers in Translation, Interpreting, Intercultural Studies and East Asian Studies

05/07/2023 Media For All 10: Human agency in the age of technology

Country Link

Cyprus Site

Canada Site

Spain Site

Hungary Site

France Site

Finland Site

Cameroun Site

Australia Site

Belgium Site

Portugal Site

Spain Site

Belgium Site

06/07/2023 Translab 4: Translation and Labour UK Site

10/07/2023 Using Corpora in Translation and Contrastive Studies

18/07/2023

26/07/2023

30/08/2023

10th International Contrastive Linguistics Conference (ICLC-10)

International Symposium on Translation Communication & Intercultural Studies 2023

Emotions, Translation and Encountering the Other. 15th World Congress of Semiotics: Semiotics in the Lifeworld

04/09/2023 Users Track, Machine Translation Summit 2023

06/09/2023

06/09/2023

07/09/2023

13/09/2023

14/09/2023

18/09/2023

20/09/2023

20/09/2023

Media For All 10: human agency in the age of technology

ICTIC 4 with the theme “Methods We Live By”

Poland Site

Germany Site

Singapore Site

Greece Site

Macau Site

Belgium Site

Chile Site

TREXTUALITY – Interdisciplinary Approaches to Translated and Multilingual Texts Finland Site

Poznań Linguistic Meeting, Poznań, Poland. Special thematic session on Eye-tracking in reading research and translation reception studies

Translation and the periodical

InDialog 4 Conference: Multiplicity in Public Service Interpreting and Translation

Translation, Interpreting, & Culture 2023: Virality and Isolation in the Era of Deepening Divides

GAL Jahrestagung (Translation and Interpreting Studies section)

Translation in Totalitarian Regimes Linguistic, Literary and Historical Aspects

ATIC International Conference. Teaching and Researching Translation in the Arab World: Strategies, Challenges and Opportunities

28/09/2023 Taboo in language, culture, and communication

19/10/2023

26/10/2023

22/11/2023

23/11/2023

28/11/2023

29/11/2023

30/11/2023

10/12/2023

25/01/2024

08/02/2024

Women and the Politics of Translation in/of the Middle East: Encounters, Dynamics, and Prospects

Literary Self-Translation and its Metadiscourse - Power Relations in Postcolonial Contexts

4th International Symposium PaCor 2023: Parallel Corpora Across Disciplines: New Challenges Ahead

IPCITI 2023 The International Postgraduate Conference in Translation and Interpreting

ENTRAD 2022 - XIV Encontro Nacional de Tradutores e VIII Encontro Internacional de Tradutores

Langage(s), Discours et Traduction – Mo(r)ts en guerre et guerre des mo(r)ts

Green Digital Accessibility Conference

Decision-making in translation: attitudes and representations

Colloque Le français parlé dans les médias

Ecrire, traduire la mode / Writing, translating fashion

Belgium Site

Belgium Site

Spain Site

UK Site

Brazil Site

Romania Site

Spain Site

Algeria Site

Canada Site

Belgium Site

NewPublications

Books

TranslationBeyondTranslationStudies

By: Kobus Marais (ed.)

TranslatingCrises

By: Sharon O’Brien & Federico M. Federici (eds.)

TheRoutledgeHandbookofIntercultural Mediation

By: Dominic Busch (ed.)

InterpreterTraininginConflictandPostConflictScenarios

By: Lucía Ruiz Rosendo & Marija Todorova (eds.)

ThePsychologyofTranslation An InterdisciplinaryApproach

By: Séverine Hubscher-Davidson & Caroline Lehr (eds.)

TheLanguagesofCOVID-19 Translational andMultilingualPerspectivesonGlobal Healthcare

By: Piotr Blumczynski & Steven Wilson (eds.)

TheBehavioralEconomicsofTranslation

By: Douglas Robinson

OnlineCollaborativeTranslationinChina andBeyond.Community,Practice,and Identity

By: Chuan Yu

IntroductiontoHealthcareforTurkishspeakingInterpretersandTranslators

By: Ineke H.M. Crezee & Oktay Eser

HandbookofEasyLanguagesinEurope

By: Camilla Lindholm & Ulla Vanhatalo (eds.)

Sprache,dasheißtSprachen Plädoyerfür diesprachlicheVielfalt

By: Harald Weinrich & Hartwig Kalverkämper (eds.)

LoreSegal– EintranslatorischesPorträtim KontextExil

By: Hannah Spannring

SyntaxinFachkommunikation

By: Ursula Wienen, Tinka Reichmann & Laura Sergo (eds.)

KognitiveAspektedes Übersetzungsprozesses. Eye-Trackingim interkulturellenVergleich

By: KyeongHwa Lee

Words,TextsandWorldsinTranslation

By: Aditya Kumar Panda

MultidimensionalTranslation,fromScience totheArts

By: Lina Abraitienė & Žanna Daragane (eds.)

RemoteInterpretinginHealthcareSettings

By: Esther de Boe

ContextualityinTranslationand Interpreting

By: Michał Kornacki & Gary Massey (eds.)

Étatdeslieuxdelatraductologiedansle monde

By: Florence Lautel-Ribstein & Olivier Dorlin (eds.)

VladimirNabokovasanAuthor-Translator. WritingandTranslatingbetweenRussian, EnglishandFrench

By: Julie Loison-Charles

EnhancingVideoGameLocalization ThroughDubbing

By: Laura Mejías-Climent

TranslaborationinAnalogueandDigital Practice

By: Cornelia Zwischenberger & Alexa Alfer

(eds.)

Traduirel'expériencemigratoire. Perspectiveslittéraires

By: Nadine Rentel, Stephanie Schwerter & Frédérique Amselle (eds.)

Quadernodiesercizidiconsecutiva progressiva. Cuadernodeejerciciosde consecutivaprogresiva

By: Ana María Pérez Fernández (ed.)

DealingwithMultilingualisminTVSeries:A DescriptiveandMultimodalAnalysis

By: Giulia Magazù

Subjetividad,DiscursoyTraducción.La construccióndelethosenlaescriturayla traducción.

By: Maria Laura Spoturno (ed.)

TranslationsandSemi-PeripheralCultures: WorldingtheRomanianNovelinthe ModernLiterarySystem

By: Alex Goldiș & Ștefan Baghiu (eds.)

DreamoftheredChamber.Literaryand TranslationPerspectives

By: Riccardo Moratto, Kanglong Liu & Di-kai Chao (eds.)

InstitutionalTranslatorTraining

By: Tomáš Svoboda, Łucja Biel & Vilelmini Sosoni (eds.)

TheRoutledgeHandbookofTranslation andReligion

By: Hephzibah Israel (ed.)

ThehumanTranslatorinthe2020s

By: Gary Massey, Elsa Huertas-Barros & David Katan (eds.)

TranslationProjectManagement

By: Callum Walker

AtlanticCommunities.Translation,Mobility, Hospitality

By: María Teresa Caneda-Cabrera, Rui Carvalho Homem & David Johnston (eds.)

AporiasofTranslation. Literature, Philosophy,Education

By: Elias Schwieler

AdvancesinCorpusApplicationsinLiterary andTranslationStudies

By Riccardo Moratto & Defeng Li (eds.)

ATranslationalSociology.Interdisciplinary PerspectivesonPoliticsandSociety

By: Esperança Bielsa

Elcomentariolingüístico-traductológico entrelenguastipológicamenteafines (español-italiano)

By: Giuseppe Trovato

NarrativesofMistranslation.Fictional TranslatorsinLatinAmericanLiterature

By: Denise Kripper

UsabilityResearchforinterpreter-centred Technology TheCaseStudyofSmarTerp

By: Francesca Maria Frittella

TransculturalPoetics.ChineseLiteraturein EnglishTranslation

By: Yifeng Sun & Dechao Li (eds.)

Traducciónliterariaygénero. Estrategiasy prácticasdeVisibilización

By: Patricia Álvarez Sánchez (ed.)

TheChallengeofSubtitlingOffensiveand TabooLanguageintoSpanish A TheoreticalandPracticalGuide

By: José Javier Ávila-Cabrera

Texts,Traditions,andSacredness.Cultural TranslationinKristapurāṇa

By: Annie Rachel Royson

ChineseLegalTranslationandLanguage PlanningintheNewEra

By: Xiaobo Dong & Yafang Zhang

TheRoutledgeHandbookofTranslation, InterpretingandBilingualism

By: Aline Ferreira & John W. Schwieter (eds.)

TheRoutledgeHandbookofPublicService

Interpreting

By: Laura Gavioli & Cecilia Wadensjö (eds.)

TecnologíasAplicadasalaTraducciónyal AprendizajedeLenguas

By: José Ramón Calvo-Ferrer & Sara M.ª Torres-Outón (eds.)

Computer-assistedSimultaneous Interpreting:Acognitive-experimental studyonterminology

By: Bianca Prandi

CommunityTranslation. Researchand Practice

By: Erika Gonzalez, Katarzyna StachowiakSzymczak & Despina Amanatidou (eds )

(Re)creadoras.Unamiradasobrela escrituraylatraduccióndesdeelsigloXXI

By: Irene Atalaya, María del Carmen Lojo & Mercedes Travieso (eds.)

Intra-andInterlingualTranslationinFlux

By: Višnja Jovanović

ÖsterreichischeÜbersetzerinnenund ÜbersetzerimExil

By: Stefanie Kremmel, Julia Richter & Larisa Schippel (eds.)

UnderstandingandTranslatingChinese MartialArts

By: Dan Jiao, Defeng Li, Lingwei Meng & Yuhong Peng (eds.)

De-mystifyingTranslation Introducing TranslationtoNon-translators

By: Lynne Bowker

TranslationCompetence.Theory,Research andPractice

By: Carla Quinci

Sprachen–Sprachmittlung–Integration VomSprechenüberSprachenundFragen nach(Nicht-)Zugehörigkeiten

By: Ann-Kathrin Miriam Kobelt

TechnologicalInnovationPuttotheService ofLanguageLearning,Translationand Interpreting InsightsfromAcademicand ProfessionalContexts

By: Óscar Ferreiro Vázquez, Ana Teresa Varajão Moutinho Pereira & Sílvia Lima Gonçalves Araújo (eds.)

TranslatingRumiintotheWest. ALinguisticConundrumandBeyond

By: Amir Sedaghat

TheExperimentalTranslator

By: Douglas Robinson

TowardsanAtlasoftheHistoryof Interpreting.VoicesfromaroundtheWorld

By: Lucía Ruiz Rosendo & Jesús BaigorriJálon (eds.)

Translationshistoriographie Perspektiven undMethoden

By: Julia Richter

BasiswissenfürDolmetscherund Übersetzer.DeutschlandundKroatien

By: Dijana Tockner Glova & Zrinka Primorac Aberer

TranslationPoliticisedandPolitics

Translated

By: Ali Almanna & Juliane House (eds.)

NewAdvancesinLegalTranslationand Interpreting

By: Junfeng Zhao, Defeng Li and Victoria Lai Cheng Lei (eds.)

TheRenaissanceofWomenTranslatorsin 19th-CenturyGreece

By: Vasiliki Misiou

DieÜbersetzungderVerfassungvon BosnienundHerzegowina Eine Spurensuche

By: Esma Diman-Murselović

TranslationandInterpretingintheAgeof COVID-19

By: Kanglong Liu & Andrew K. F. Cheung (eds.)

TheRoutledgeHandbookofLatinAmerican LiteraryTranslation

By: Delfina Cabrera & Denise Kripper (eds.)

Newbook:TranslationStudies:Translating inthe21stCentury–MultipleIdentities

By: Sinem Sancaktaroğlu Bozkurt & Tuğçe Elif Taşdan Doğan (eds.)

TranslationEthics

By: Joseph Lambert

MultimodalExperiencesacrossCultures, SpacesandIdentities

Ayelet Kohn & Rachel Weissbrod

MachineLearninginTranslation

By: Peng Wang & David B. Sawyer

TranslationToolsandTechnologies

By: Andrew Rothwell, Joss Moorkens, María Fernández-Parra, Joanna Drugan & Frank Austermuehl

TranslatorPositioninginCharacterisation A MultimodalPerspectiveofEnglish TranslationsofLuotuoXiangzi

By: Minru Zhao

MigraciónylenguasenAndalucía. Traducción,interpretaciónyrecursospara laaccesibilidadeninstituciones

By: M.ª Luisa Rodríguez Muñoz

UnderstandingthePropheticHadith Issues RelatedtotheTranslationofMishkātulMaṣābīḥ

By: Dheya Saqer Al Jalahma & Yasser

Ahmed Gomaa

IntroducingNewHypertextson Interpreting(Studies). AtributetoFranz

Pöchhacker

By: Cornelia Zwischenberger, Karin Reithofer & Sylvi Rennert (eds.)

Formasfluidas.Estudiossobretraduccióny literaturacomparada

By: José Carlos Redondo Olmedilla

TranslatingintheLocalCommunity

By: Peter Flynn

Localizaciónparalingüistasytraductores

By: Clara Inés López Rodríguez

53terminockianos.Terminología hitchcockiana:unapelícula,untérmino clave...ono

By: Fernando Contreras Blanco

Edited by: Daniel Ruiz Martínez, Sayaka Kato & Noritaka Fukushima

Volume 8(2) (2022)

seminal contribution, and anticipate the moment for the proverbial passing of the torch.

Cultus

NarrativityinTranslation

Edited by: David Katan & Cinzia Spinzi Volume 15 (2022)

LaobradeOronceFinéenespañol:estudio yedicióndelatraduccióndeLosdoslibros delageometríapráctica

By: Francisco Javier Sánchez Martín

Language,PowerandIntercultural Communication.ThePoliciesandPoliticsof

Translation

By: Alexandru Praisler TS Journals

Clina

Japanese-SpanishTranslationand Interpretation:CurrentChallengesand EmergingTrends.

Narrativity, however we regard it, has long been understood as the way we make sense of the world; and according to many, our ability to not just communicate but to tell stories about and to each other is what makes us human (e.g. Gottschall 2012). Indeed, Fisher (1985) suggests calling us homo narrans. However, this storytelling ability, indeed necessity, is not (yet) one which occupies the professional translation market, which is still embedded in a quest for invariance, ‘equivalence’, or at least similarity (Katan 2022). Of course, if we consider oldspeak weltanschauung, ‘maps/models of the world’, ‘context of situation’ and ‘context of culture’ (in Katan & Taibi 2021), or in more nuanced – and useful - narrativity terms, such as ‘ontological’, ‘conceptual’, ‘public’ and ‘meta’ narratives, no form of similarity can be taken for granted. Stories, as we shall see, get reframed however we translate. So, this issue focusses on the translator as one charged with the task of duly considering what sort of story to create for the new reader. Translation Studies is still a young discipline, so theories surrounding narrativity have been imported from other disciplines, such as literature and sociology. We have Mona Baker to thank for introducing us to narrativity as discussed in the social sciences. She then details how translation can be understood as a form of (re)narration that participates in constructing a new model of the world rather than merely being a process of transferring semantic content from one language to another, with her. Yet as Neil Sadler points out in his contribution below, the number of narrative-inspired publications in Translation Studies does not appear to be growing. This issue of Cultus is designed to buck this trend. To help in this enterprise we have senior representatives of what Julie Boéri in this issue only halfjoking called Mona Baker’s “Narrative School”, Julie Boéri, Sue-Ann Harding and Neil Sadler; narrativity savants such as Theo Hermans and Doug Robinson, and also five articles by researchers whose papers are “narrativeinspired”, and focus on putting narrativity theory into practice. The only person notable for their absence is Mona Baker herself. Given that her name appears as an underlying narrative throughout this issue, perhaps - as we put this issue together - we should change the conceptual narrative and make this a Festschrift, marking Mona’s

inTrAlinea

Tradurreperl’infanziael’adolescenza:Una sfidaculturaleeprofessionale

Edited by: Mirella Piacentini, Roberta Pederzoli & Raffaella Tonin (2023)

Il presente numero si inserisce in una ormai consolidata tradizione di monografici in riviste di studi traduttologici –cfr. Meta(2003), Trans(2014), mediAzioni (2015), Palimpsestes(2019) e Équivalences(2019), Translation Matters(2021), MonTI(2022)

che esplorano la produzione e ricezione di testi di letteratura per l’infanzia e l’adolescenza dal punto di vista delle sfide traduttive. Come il ciclo di incontri seminariali permanenti da cui trae ispirazione, la prospettiva alla quale intendiamo avvicinare chi leggerà i contributi qui raccolti è principalmente improntata sulla pratica della traduzione intesa sia come palestra di apprendimento rivolta a traduttrici e traduttori in fieri, sia come mestiere che coniuga istanze etiche e sociali ad azioni imprenditoriali. Il mondo dell’editoria specializzata in libri per giovani lettori.trici e quello dell’Università come luogo di formazione per chi, traducendo da lingue e culture straniere, contribuisce a nutrire la curiosità e le richieste di un mercato vivace sono i due assi attorno ai quali si snodano le osservazioni di questo volume. Emerge, come patrimonio da scoprire e difendere, un’editoria plurale, attenta alle diversità – di forme e supporti di lettura, di lingue e culture di provenienza, di tematiche, di prospettive, di identità ecc. –, ai cambiamenti e alle necessità delle nuove generazioni di lettrici e lettori. Al contempo, il ruolo di chi prepara ad una delle professioni cardine nella filiera editoriale, ovvero il mestiere della traduzione, si arricchisce di spunti di riflessione da considerare nelle varie fasi del processo traduttivo, dall’analisi del mercato editoriale di riferimento e delle sue tendenze in armonia con il sentire della società, fino allo studio delle strategie linguistico-discorsive e traduttive messe in atto in testi già editati, passando per un’attenta osservazione delle complesse dinamiche para e peritestuali o per approfondimenti storici con focus specifici quali le prassi censorie.

MutatisMutandis

Re-sentirloqueer/cuirenlatraducción iberoamericana

Edited by: Iván Villanueva-Jordán and Antonio J. Martínez Pleguezuelos

Volume 16, no 1 (2023)

El presente número de Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción abre un espacio a pensar y, sobre todo, a re-sentir lo queer/cuir en la traducción iberoamericana. Hemos abierto un espacio para que investigadores de diferentes latitudes aporten sus miradas a fenómenos previamente marginalizados o de plano ignorados en los discursos tradicionales de la traducción. Los análisis presentados en este volumen contribuyen de manera significativa a la expansión de los límites de la investigación traductológica e incluso a la redefinición misma de lo que es la traducción.

validity of aptitude testing batteries or components for interpreting performance from multiple theoretical perspectives using a wide array of methodologies. Firstly, Han’s meta-analysis provides a comprehensive methodological overview of the current research on predictive validity of aptitude testing for interpreting. Next, Hlavac’s survey-based study focuses on the conceptualisation of interpreting aptitude by incorporating multi-stakeholder views. The ensuing three empirical studies by Liu and Zhang, Shang and Xie and Lu and Liu have explored the predictive validity of the tests that were replicated, currently used and self-designed respectively. The last three studies, by Su, Xu, and Song and Li, adopt an aptitude-treatment paradigm to explore the different effects of aptitude components, such as learners’ emotions and cognitive fluency, on interpreting performance under different treatment conditions. These eight articles are expected to stir the research community’s interest in aptitude testing for interpreting, a highly relevant yet significantly underexamined area in interpreting studies. This special issue focuses on the conceptualisation of aptitude and exploration of the predictive validity of aptitude testing batteries or components for interpreting performance from multiple theoretical perspectives using a wide array of methodologies. Aptitude for interpreting can be defined as ‘an overall term encompassing abilities, skills and personal traits deemed necessary or reliable predictors of successful interpreter training’ (Russo, 2011, 25). Reliable aptitude tests for interpreting can ensure the ‘best use of resources’ and ‘high success rates’, ‘avoid unnecessary disappointment’, and ‘maintain high standards’ (Setton and Dawrant, 2016, 103). Therefore, aptitude testing plays an important role in interpreter training as it helps to screen promising prospective trainee interpreters, thus ensuring high quality of training.

Volume 31, no. 2 (2023)

(Introduction) This special issue focuses on the translation of queer popular culture. While much of the existing work on LGBTIQA + translation (e.g., Baer, 2021; Baer & Kaindl, 2017; Epstein & Gillett, 2017; Gramling & Dutta, 2016; Harvey, 2003) focuses typically on literary translation, with some work on autobiography, or has a more activist focus (e.g., Baldo et al., 2021), by analysing popular culture, the articles in this issue can explore more well-known texts that have greater circulation around the world, as well as exploring the shifts in LGBTIQA + representation that have been taking place in the last two decades.

InTRAlinea

InclusiveTheatre:Translation,Accessibility andBeyond

Edited by: Elena Di Giovanni & Francesca Raffi

Special issue (2022)

“Inclusive design is a type of design that includes everyone in planning, designing, building and managing as well as those using the product or environment. With this input from the users along with the design team, the design will not bring attention to one specific type of person when a product is used or an environment is explored. With everyone’s input in design, the product or environment will function easily for everyone”. (Nussbaumer 2012: 33)

TheInterpreterandTranslatorTrainer

Revisitingaptitudetestingforinterpreting

Edited by: Xiaoqi Shang, Mariachiara Russo and Catherine Chabasse

Volume 17, no 1 (2023)

Aptitude testing plays an important role in interpreter training as it helps to screen prospective trainee interpreters, ensuring the quality of training. However, there has been scant interest in this line of inquiry among interpreting scholars. This special issue focuses on the conceptualisation of aptitude and exploration of the predictive

Perspectives

TranslatingtheQueerPopular

Edited by: Michela Baldo, Jonathan Evans and Ting Guo

These simple words, taken from Linda Nussbaumer’s InclusiveDesign:AUniversal Need,provide a comprehensive backdrop for the articles included in this special issue: observed from the perspective of writing, translating, or making a theatrical performance and/or event accessible, each instance of inclusive theatre-making represented in these seven articles offers insights into the ever-growing importance of participation and inclusion, for the benefit of everyone. Moreover, Nussbaumer’s words provide valuable support to the great range of interdisciplinary approaches here represented: from translation studies to accessibility studies, from community development to sociology, from psychology to theatre studies, all articles highlight the importance of, and the actual need for, a truly interdisciplinary framework to study such a momentous, ongoing evolution as the one that is currently witnessed in research and practice.

As audiovisual translation studies evolves, yielding increasing space to media accessibility research in all its forms, and as translation studies itself lowers its fences to open up to collaborative, collective, inclusive practices, theatres across many

countries explore more and more systematically ways, and strategies, for a true inclusion.

TranslationandTranslanguagingin MultilingualContexts

Challengesandsolutionsintranslation Insightsintotraining,ELF,andaccessibility

Edited by: Rossella Latorraca and Jacqueline Aiello

Volume 9, no. 1 (2023)

Increasing internationalisation processes are continuously transforming the way different cultures communicate, meet and sometimes merge in a world where translation products and actors contribute to the weakening of linguistic and cultural boundaries. This issue brings together a combination of different articles that revolve around translation and international contexts, to seek insight into applications of translation, translation training and English as an international language. The aim of this collective effort is to explore translation as a diversified area of study, where culture-bridging features mingle with international and transcultural uses of the English language and with educational and training contexts. Culture-specific aspects have long drawn the interest of translation scholars, especially in terms of the un/translatability of culture-specific words and on the most suitable translation strategies to adopt in such cases (Wierzbicka 1992), which are still muchdebated topics today. From the development of taxonomies to classify cultural terms (Newmark 1988), to the use of code-switching in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) communication (Poplack 1988; Brunner and Diemer 2018) and the classification of culture-related translation strategies (Mailhac 1995), the translation of cultural references is still a topical and controversial matter in translation studies.

Translation Spaces

MethodologicalIssuesinExperimental ResearchinAudiovisualTranslationand MediaAccessibility

Edited by: Agnieszka Szarkowska Volume 11, no. 1 (2022)

Audiovisual translation (AVT) as an academic area of interest has been on the research map for over sixty years already (Chaume 2018). In this time, it definitely ‘came of age’ and transformed from a minor avenue into a well-established field within translation studies (Díaz-Cintas 2008). Scholarly publications are a clear proof of such a growth. A few years ago, a search conducted in the Bibliography of Interpreting and Translation revealed that contributions devoted to AVT grew spectacularly over time: 1.3% of the total publications registered until 1980, 1.8% between 1981 and 1990, 4% between 1991 and 2000, 6.7% between 2001 and 2010, and 9.8% between 2011 and 2016 (Orero et al. 2018). We extended the search in the same database: the publications devoted to AVT constitute 14% of all those published in the period 2017–2021.

In the course of its move from infancy to maturity, AVT has undergone multiple phases, often overlapping and not necessarily mutually exclusive. Scholars often refer to them as ‘turns’, for instance the descriptive turn, the cultural turn, the sociological turn, and the cognitive turn (Chaume 2018). All of them played a key role in the development of the field, and each one enriched AVT with new ideas, methods, perspectives and approaches. A major consequence of the so-called cognitive turn in AVT has been the introduction of experimental design into the field. The implications – both positive and negative – are of such an extent that we believe this move can be labelled as a further turn in AVT, namely the experimentalturn

The Translator Interpreters’rolesinachanging environment

Edited by: Alicja M. Okoniewska Volume 28, no 2 (2022)

It seems beyond a doubt within the field of interpreting studies that the interpreter’s role changes over time and between settings and interpreting modes (Angelelli 2004, Baigorri-Jalón 2015; Pöchhacker 1999, 2016, 2019). According to role theory, role is defined as ‘a set of expectations society has of individuals in a given social position or status’ (Baert 2006: 524 in Pöllabauer 2015, 355). Role is discussed in interpreting studies with varying degrees of plasticity of social expectations. From a functional perspective, interpreters play the role of language conveyers; from a broader perspective, they act as conveyers of culture; and, finally, from a communicative perspective, mediators whose role is shaped by interaction (op. cit.). As a result, ‘interpreter role construction oscillates on a continuum between non-involvement and active agency (…)’ (op. cit.: 356). While in translation studies the creative and strategic roles of human translators are acknowledged (Hutchings 2021), the agency of human interpreters is far from widely accepted (Roy 1993/2002). Critical approaches to inter-linguistic correspondence within interpreter-mediated discourses vary among studies that examine different types of interpreting. The so-called ‘conduit-model’ of interpreting that is present in various codes of professional ethics promotes mechanistic renditions of putatively equivalent messages, preserving the invisibility of interpreters. At the other end of the spectrum, socio-cognitive research on interpreters’ role performance, fuelled by discursive analytical approaches (Monacelli 2009; Diriker 2003, 2004; Rosenberg 2002; Angelelli 2004; Okoniewska and Wang 2021), argues for differing degrees of agency in, for example, healthcare and conference interpreting. Therefore, the interpreter’s active role fluctuates according to context and expectations. Their role is acknowledged (Krystallidou, Langewitz, and van den Muijsenbergh 2021; Rodríguez Vicente, Napier, and de Pedro Ricoy 2021) and even

deemed essential in medical settings (Delizée in this volume) and is compared with the role of seemingly context-neutral interpreter in conference interpreting (Monacelli 2009; Diriker 2004; Okoniewska 2019, Diriker in this volume). A conceptual reflection on interpreter involvement in interactional encounters (Pöchhacker 2005) and a sociological approach to the problem (Wadensjö 1998) find continuation in this volume, adding non-human agency to the equation (Pöchhacker in this volume) or promoting a systematic approach (Pym in this volume). Agency in interpreting is presented here against the backdrop of the (r)evolution of the environment in which interpreters train, work, dwell and survive. This environment can be defined in the socio-cognitive sense of context(s), that is, as ‘a set of properties of social situation that are possibly relevant for the production, structures, interpretation and functions of text and talk’ (Van Dijk 1998: 21 in Okoniewska and Wang 2021, 433). Contexts shape the social practices of the professional community as a social group, impacting the profession as a whole and individual career paths

alternative; a way of critiquing the textcentric paradigm of Western translation theory, and inspiring new ways of thinking about what aspects of performance cultures are silenced, replaced, or negotiated when they are textualized through translation.

CLINA

Translatingfrom/into:Spanishand RomanceLanguage(I)&(II)

Edited by: Antonio J. Martínez Pleguezuelos & Jorge J. Sánchez Iglesias (eds.)

Volumes 7, no. 3 (2021) & 8, no. 1 (2022)

Este número y el siguiente de la revista Clina se agrupan bajo el título Elespañol desde/hacia las lenguas románicas. El español se ha escogido simplemente como foco en el que centrar las aportaciones, puesto que nuestro planteamiento siempre tuvo como marco general la traducción entre las lenguas románicas, que en términos de conjunto constituye un territorio muy poco transitado por la Traductología contemporánea (o, si se prefiere, los Estudios de Traducción contemporáneos, sin entrar en la filiación de los términos).

Target - International Journal of Translation Studies

Whatcanresearchonindirecttranslation doforTranslationStudies?

Edited by: Hanna Pięta, Laura Ivaska & Yves Gambier Volume 34, no 3 (2022)

This special issue is about indirect translation (ITr). To counter the traditional disinterest of Translation Studies in researching ITr, it explores and showcases what research on the topic can do for our discipline as a whole. This introductory article prepares the ground for and provides an overview of what is discussed in the seven articles included in the special issue. Before introducing the contributions to this issue, we briefly explain the terminology and definitions used throughout this issue. In the spirit of transparency, and making this special issue useful to everyone in Translation Studies, this introduction also devotes space to discussing how this issue came into being, sharing some of the lessons learnt through guest editing.

Translation Studies

TranslationandPerformanceCultures

Edited

by: Cristina Marinetti & Enza De Francisci

Volume 15, no 3 (2022)

This introduction to the special issue opens up a dialogue between Theatre and Performance Studies and translation sociology, focusing simultaneously on the importance of developing performancesensitive forms of knowledge and highlighting performance cultures as fruitful contexts for studying translation as a social practice and the multiple forms of agency shaping it. In particular, it challenges the “ideology of print” as the prevalent epistemological starting point of Western translation theory. The introduction also raises questions about the ways in which processes of translation are constitutive of performance cultures by mobilising translation sociology to reveal the agents, networks, and technologies which are responsible for these negotiations. The ambition is for Translation Studies to see performance cultures as a complement; an

Las relaciones entre las lenguas románicas se han visto favorecidas por distintas razones. Primera entre ellas, (crono)lógicamente, la cercanía lingüística que existe en-tre esas prolongaciones paralelas del latín vulgar, por evitar la habitual metáfora de las lenguas hermanas. Proximidad que también es geográfica (en forma de «lenguas en contacto»), lo que nos permite dibujar una línea que recorre buena parte de Europa occidental y que solo se convierte en discontinua cuando consideramos tanto los es-pacios orientales como las expansiones en otros continentes. Esta cercanía, a su vez, se ha materializado en constantes vínculos y tránsitos, históricos y culturales, también con sus dosis de conflictividad, en los que la mediación (traducción e interpretación) desempeña un papel crucial.

LANS -

Studies

TranslationandInclusiveDevelopment

Edited by: Marija Todorova & Kobus Marais Volume 30, no 21 (2022)

Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation

The semiotic conceptualization of translation in the area of development, and especially in inclusive development that takes into consideration marginalized and vulnerable populations, allows for an understanding of translation beyond mere linguistic translation. On the one hand, this article advances the theoretical discussion of translation in development studies. On the other hand, it also provides a diversity of contexts, both geographic and historical, in which translation plays an important role in development processes and practices. Two major themes have surfaced in the issue: (1) the distinction in the approaches to the development agenda from a North–South aid and a South–South cooperation perspective, with a special focus on China; and (2) the multidirectional and multilingual flow of knowledge and the need to preserve indigenous knowledge by preserving and translating indigenous languages.

Quaderns de Filologica - Estudis Linguïstícs

Latraducciónylasnuevastecnologíasen laeradigital.Aplicaciones,recursosy metodologías

Edited by: Chelo Vargas-Sierra, José E. Sánchez Fajardo & Diana González-Pastor Volume 27 (2022)

Status Quaestionis

Intothetranslationformuseums,festivals, andthestage.Creativityandthe transmedialturn

Edited by: Alessandra Rizzo Volume 23 (2022)

With the objective of scrutinising general standards, specific criteria and levels of creativity applied to translation practices, especially in light of recent research in audiovisual consumption and reception, creativity and transcreation, and arts accessibility and translation for the arts, the special issue seeks to contextualise the numerous shifts within the arts in relation to the theoretical and practical challenges that our increasingly technological culture poses for the modes of translation and accessibility. The contributors to the issue have shed light upon a variety of areas where translation, often combined with creativity, intervenes to localise aesthetic products under the network of transmediality. Attention is paid to three main areas within the cultural sector, namely, museums, festivals, and theatres.

Este volumen tiene como objetivo examinar el modo en el que las nuevas tec-nologías se aplican a los campos de la traducción especializada, a su docencia y, por supuesto, a la profesión. En los tiempos actuales, donde la digitaliza-ción de los medios de comunicación requiere nuevos enfoques en el estudio de procesos traductológicos (Doherty, 2016; O’Hagan, 2019), altamente auto-matizados, los especialistas buscan y adaptan aquellos procedimientos meto-dológicos que mejor se ajusten a sus necesidades investigadoras y docentes. La aportación fundamental que este volumen intenta satisfacer es, precisa-mente, la necesidad de actualizar los recursos y las metodologías existentes, y la de examinar recursos alternativos que aporten nuevas soluciones a los desafíos traductológicos y docentes en el nuevo contexto digitalizado, compu-tarizado e inteligente. Así, este volumen pretende profundizar en el modo en que las tecnologías de traducción han progresado e impactado a nivel académico y profesional en los procesos traductológicos a causa del desarrollo de distintos incorporados o empleados no solo en la estación de trabajo del traductor, sino también en lo que dicho impacto repercute en la formación de estos profesionales.

literary translation accounts for a small percentage of all the translation work carried out in the world, it continues to attract considerable attention on the part of academics and researchers. This interest is partly a result of the change of status of translated works since the mid-twentieth century, as translation research was gradually accepted as crucial by comparatists. The articles selected for this thematic issue, which look at literary translation in China, iAmerica, Europe and India, analyze some important topics such as the role of translators as initiators of the translation process, the imprint they leave on the target texts and on the target cultures, the translation of gender and the significance of translation projects.

Perspectives

Perspectivesontranslationandworld literatureinthe21stcentury

Edited by: Qin Huang & Roberto A. Valdeón Volume 30, no 6 (2022)

(Introduction) This article presents an overview of world literature with regards to comparative and translation studies, notably through the publications of André Lefevere, Susan Bassnett and Edwin Gentzler, as an introduction to this thematic special issue, which showcases the variety of approaches and interests in literature by translation scholars. Although

Traduire EnvoiXd’extinction?

Edited by: Noëlle Brunel, Elaine Holt, Lydia Salazar Carrasco & Émilie Syssau Volume 247 (2022)

Dans un rapport intitulé Vitalitéet disparitiondeslangues, le groupe d’experts spécial de l’UNESCO sur les langues en danger indique que, « plus de 50 % des langues du monde perdent des locuteurs. Selon nos estimations, 90 % d’entre elles langues pourraient être remplacées par des langues dominantes d’ici la fin du xxie siècle ». Ainsi, l’organisation les considère comme patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité et s’interroge sur la façon dont « travailler […] à la revitalisation et à la perpétuation [du] patrimoine linguistique ». L’Atlasdes languesendangerdanslemondepublié par l’UNESCO en janvier 2020 en recense pas moins de 2 464. Dans la lignée de ce constat, d’un cruel réalisme, le numéro En voiXd’extinctioncreuse le sujet par le biais de témoignages sur des tentatives couronnées d’un certain succès ou d’observations amères sur une situation de déclin.

MonTI

Haciaunmarcoeuropeodenivelesde competenciasentraducción.Elproyecto NACTdelgrupoPACTE

Perspectives

Philosophyin/ontranslation

Edited by: Alice Leal & Philip Wilson Volume 31, no. 1 (2023)

Journal of World Literature

ColdWarandWorldLiterature

Edited by: Sorin Radu Cucu & Shuang Shen Volume 7, no. 4 (2022)

Edited

by: Amparo Hurtado Albir, Anna Kuznik & Patricia Rodríguez-Inés Special issue 7 (2022)

Este volumen recoge la investigación que el grupo PACTE ha llevado a cabo sobre nivelación de competencias en traducción escrita. Dicha investigación persigue ser un primer paso en la elaboración de una base común de refe-rencia europea, de interés para el sector educativo y profesional de la traduc-ción, comparable al Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las lenguas (MCER). Se trata del proyecto “Nivelación de competencias en la adquisi-ción de la competencia traductora (NACT)” (FFI201342522-P, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad español), cuya finalidad ha sido establecer niveles de desempeño en traducción.1 El proyecto tuvo una duración de 4 años (2015-2018) y en su desarrollo participaron los siguientes investigado-res: Laura Asquerino Egoscozábal, Anabel Galán-Mañas, Amparo Hurtado12Hurtado Albir, Amparo; Anna Kuznik & Patricia Rodríguez-InésMonTI Special Issue 7 (2022: 11-18) | ISSN-e: 1989-9335 | ISSN: 1889-4178Albir (investigadora principal), Anna Kuznik, Christian OlallaSoler, Patricia Rodríguez-Inés y Guadalupe Romero.El proyecto NACT es una continuación de las investigaciones de carácter experimental que el grupo PACTE, creado en 1997, ha desarrollado sobre la competencia traductora y la adquisición de la competencia traductora.

We describe the genesis of this special issue on ‘philosophy in/on translation’: a symposium led to the formation of a successful research group. The interface between philosophy and translation studies has become a fruitful research field, as evidenced by the growing number of conferences and publications. Research into translation and philosophy addresses three topics, as identified by Anthony Pym: what philosophers have said about translation; how translation theorists turn to philosophy to support their ideas; and the translation of philosophical texts. We argue for a fourth link: that, following Derrida, the implications of (un)translatability shape the very notion of philosophy. Five future research directions are mapped in detail: the move beyond the western canon, as the academy engages with the process of decolonisation; epistemic justice, as researchers interrogate and reject Anglophone models; substantive theories of translation that will complement analytical enquiry; the use of translation as a philosophical tool; and the new interface between translator studies and philosophy. We describe in detail the contents of the ten chapters of this special issue and show how the authors both investigate phenomena and provide ways of moving research forward. An exciting time lies ahead for those who work in this interdisciplinary field

What does the Cold War’s interweaving of international politics and global war disclose about contemporary world literature discourse? What does world literature (as idea, program, and, more importantly, as reality of writing and reading beyond the framework of the nation-state) tell us about the Cold War and its discursive reliance on rhetorical ambiguity? We depart from the major approaches to literature’s relationship with the Cold War that focuses on how the latter is represented by literature or how literature responds to the Cold War. We also do not simplistically consider the Cold War as only naming an epoch in world history, or world literature as the totality of literary works and circulation networks spurred by a partly frozen global conflict at the heart of the twentieth century.

InTRAlinea

Tradurreperl’infanziael’adolescenza:Una sfidaculturaleeprofessionale

Edited by:

Mirella Piacentini, Roberta Pederzoli & Raffaella Tonin

Special issue 2023

Il presente numero si inserisce in una ormai consolidata tradizione di monografici in riviste di studi traduttologici – cfr. Meta (2003), Trans (2014), mediAzioni (2015), Palimpsestes (2019) e Équivalences (2019), Translation Matters (2021), MonTI (2022) –che esplorano la produzione e ricezione di testi di letteratura per l’infanzia e l’adolescenza dal punto di vista delle sfide traduttive.

Come il ciclo di incontri seminariali permanenti da cui trae ispirazione, la prospettiva alla quale intendiamo avvicinare chi leggerà i contributi qui raccolti è principalmente improntata sulla pratica della traduzione intesa sia come palestra di apprendimento rivolta a traduttrici e traduttori in fieri, sia come mestiere che coniuga istanze etiche e sociali ad azioni

imprenditoriali. Il mondo dell’editoria specializzata in libri per giovani lettori.trici e quello dell’Università come luogo di formazione per chi, traducendo da lingue e culture straniere, contribuisce a nutrire la curiosità e le richieste di un mercato vivace sono i due assi attorno ai quali si snodano le osservazioni di questo volume. Emerge, come patrimonio da scoprire e difendere, un’editoria plurale, attenta alle diversità –di forme e supporti di lettura, di lingue e culture di provenienza, di tematiche, di prospettive, di identità ecc. –, ai cambiamenti e alle necessità delle nuove generazioni di lettrici e lettori. Al contempo, il ruolo di chi prepara ad una delle professioni cardine nella filiera editoriale, ovvero il mestiere della traduzione, si arricchisce di spunti di riflessione da considerare nelle varie fasi del processo traduttivo, dall’analisi del mercato editoriale di riferimento e delle sue tendenze in armonia con il sentire della società, fino allo studio delle strategie linguistico-discorsive e traduttive messe in atto in testi già editati, passando per un’attenta osservazione delle complesse dinamiche para e peritestuali o per approfondimenti storici con focus specifici quali le prassi censorie.

we identify a number of blind spots and call for a transversal, cross-cultural perspective, while suggesting a number of possible avenues for future research, regarding the WHY?, HOW?, WHAT?, WHERE?, WHEN?, and WHO? questions related to retranslation. Another possible and promising inquiry into the phenomenon of retranslation, besides transversal comparisons across contexts, is to study its absence, that is, non-retranslation, by looking into some of the same questions. WHEN and WHY are some works, or parts thereof, unretranslated, or even unretranslatable? WHAT texts and genres are concerned by this phenomenon? WHERE, i.e., in which translation cultures does it occur? WHO is responsible for that? HOW can it be explained that some texts are not retranslated? Finally, we present the papers in this special issue, and the ways in which they address new horizons for retranslation studies. Our objective is not only to bring an overview and show the vitality of retranslation studies, but also, as retranslations do, to uncover earlier shortcomings and to bring new interpretations.

MonTI. Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación

Traduccióneintermedialidadenliteratura infantilyjuvenil(LIJ):orígenes,evolucióny nuevastendencias

Edited by: Pino Valero Cuadra, Gisela

Marcelo Wirnitzer & Nuria Pérez Vicente

Volume

14 (2022)

JoSTrans

Universalist,user-centred,andproactive approachesinmediaaccessibility

Edited by: Gian Maria Greco & Pablo Romero-Fresco

Volume 39 (2023)

Parallèles

Retranslation,thirty-oddyearsafter Berman

Edited by: Kris Peeters & Piet Van Poucke Volume 35, no 1 (2023)

The introductory chapter to this special issue on retranslation goes back to the beginning, that is, Berman’s (1990) seminal paper in the fourth issue of Palimpsestes, as well as to Bensimon’s introduction to that issue. We look in detail at Berman’s argument, and reconstruct the way in which he was misunderstood before being instrumentalised by Chesterman (2000), in his often-quoted “retranslation hypothesis”. After a discussion of that still dominant yet problematic paradigm, and the methodological issues involved, of ‘closeness’ to the source text, historicity and ageing, and the dichotomic homogenisation of languages and contexts, we present an overview of the existing literature, both in terms of inward (i.e., text-comparative) and outward (sociocultural) perspectives on retranslation. Attempting to go beyond the beaten path,

This special issue 39 of the Journalof SpecialisedTranslation, entitled Universalist,User-centred,and ProactiveApproachesinMediaAccessibility, and guest edited by Gian Maria Greco and Pablo Romero-Fresco, features seven papers covering a range of theoretical, methodological and practical reflexions in relation to media accessibility, and marks the launch of an exciting new inclusion within the journal’s scope for publication: video essays.

Issue 39 opens with papers by Louise Fryer, on the intercultural competence of audio describers, and Maija Hirvonen, Marika Hakola and Michael Klade, on collaborative translation and user-centred accessibility in cooperative audio description. Sarah McDonagh provides an in-depth case study of descriptive guides for a series of video tours of the former Maze and Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland, and Tiina Tuominen, Maarit Koponen, Kaisa Vitikainen, Umut Sulubacak and Jörg Tiedemann address the challenges and opportunities of automatic subtitling. Zoe Moores tackles the question of integrated access at live events, and Marcela Tancredi, Leticia Lorier, Yanina Boria, Florencia Fascioli-Álvarez consider a case of inclusive and co-creative sign language translation and interpreting.

The diversity of text types and the difficulties faced by translators have meant that these studies are in a constant state of flux. With regard to the translation of children’s and young adults’ literature (CYAL), an additional factor is the complex framework of this literary system, which has given rise to the many different lines of research that currently abound in the field of CYAL translation. Let us not forget that children’s literature has become an inexhaustible source of creativity, formats and genres, and this inventiveness has proven a real challenge for translators charged with the task of making these works available for other languages and cultures. For these reasons, in this article we propose a chronological and thematic bibliographical overview of this field of research, which is peripheral, but at the same time complex and highly topical, the translation of children’s and young adults’ literature. Przekładaniec TranslatingGenreLiterature

Edited by: Monika Woźniak Special Issue 2022

Yearbook of Translational Hermeneutics

CognitionandHermeneutics.Convergences intheStudyofTranslation

Edited by: Douglas Robinson

Volume 2 (2022)

It has recently become more apparent that there are strong commonalities and convergences between the cognitive and the hermeneutic approach to translation studies, especially as the cognitive approach has turned more and more towards affect theory and the question of kinaesthetics, and as hermeneutic research has increasingly undertaken research into the actual processes of interpretation. The second issue of the Yearbook of Translational Hermeneutics is accordingly devoted to an enquiry into the relationships that can be established between these two research fields.

integrate research interested in the manifold roles translations (practices and theories) play in the construction (formation, maintenance, and dissolution) of groups, communities or identities of different size, stability and duration, ranging from national/ethnic cultures to genders, political movements, religious gatherings and multilingual dinner parties. The purpose of this introduction is to sketch the background and contours of a framework to study thetranslational constructionofcollectivities

Translation in Society

Collectivitiesintranslation(studies)

Edited by: Dilek Dizdar & Tomasz

Rozmysłowicz

Volume 2, no. 1 (2023)

The aim of this special issue of Translation inSocietyis to bring together different research endeavours in translation studies (TS) dealing with similar phenomena and to propose a common conceptual roof under which they can communicate. We suggest the notion of collectivitiesto

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AbouttheESTNewsletter

European Society for Translation Studies

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TheESTNewsletteris published twice a year, in May and November. It is basically a vehicle for communication between EST members and a catalyst for action, rather than a journal. It provides information on EST activities and summarizes some of the information available on the EST website, the EST Twitter account and Facebook group – you are invited to go to those sites for information that is more specific and up-to-date. The Newsletterreports on research events and presents suggestions on EST matters and research issues. All comments and suggestions from readers are welcome. All correspondence relating to the Newsletter should be sent to: secretary-general@esttranslationstudies.org