Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine (ESEMAG) June 2000

ENVIRONMENTAL

Science & Engineering Covering Canada's multi-billion dollar a year environmental protection industry since 1988.

June 2000

www.esemag.com

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Special ES&E comment on the Walkerton tragedy Sustainable strategies for the pulp and paper industry Miiton's Big Pipe opens up development lands Ferric sulphate reduces odour complaints Do existing EAs offer enough protection?

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Contents

ISSN-0835-605X

June/July 2000 Vol. 13 No. 3 Issued June, 2000

The Walkerton

tragedy - See page 7

•neceptor'

Cleaner water for Olympivfacilities - see page 33;

Departments 8

Feedback

25

Ad Index

40-45

Features 7

The Walkerton tragedy - by Tom Davey

Professional Cards

10

Chlorine has saved countless lives

14

Disinfection of weii water

17

Guest Comment - Emergency air monitoring at toxic fires

18

WEAO conference attracts over 700

22

ES&E's conference another success

24

Highlights from BCWWA

28

The forest industry & global warming

30

Auger Monster saves reams at mill

31

60% of forests to be certified by 2003

Bill Borlase, P.Eng. City of Winnipeg

32

The fate of ECDs in sewage biosolids

Alan Church, O.Chem., QEP. Church & Trought Inc.

George v. Crawford, P.Eng., M.A.Sc.

33

Cleaner water for Olympic facilities

Dr. Howard D. Goodfeliow

Rod Holme, P.Eng. Earth Tech (Canada) Inc. Peter Laughlon, M.Eng., P.Eng., DEE

34

Big Pipe opens development in Milton

38

Why pumps can run rough

53

Ferric sulphate reduces odour

56

Cover Story - Unique V-box channel CSO facility provides 4000 m^ of

40-46

Industry Update

46

Classifieds

46

Date Pad

47

Literature Reviews Product Review

48-52 President

Publisher

Sales Manager

STEVE DAVEY

TOM DAVEY

PENNY DAVEY

E-mail: steve@esemag.com

E-mail: p8nny@esemag.com

Managing Editor SANDRA DAVEY

Sales Representative DENISE SIMPSON

E-mail: denlse@esemag.com Circuiation Manager

Publisher's Assistant

VIRGINIA MEYER

KATHLEEN CARIGNAN

E-mail: kathy@esemag.com

Technical Advisory Board Jim Bishop Beak International Inc.

Stantec Global Technologies Ltd Barry Loescher, Ph.D. Philip Analytical

CH2M Gore & Storrie Limited

R.V. Anderson Associates

Stanley Mason, P.Eng. Terminal City Iron Works

Environmental Science & Engineering is a bi-monthly business pubiication of Envi ronmental Science & Engineering Publications inc. An all Canadian publication, ES&E provides authoritative editoriai coverage of Canada's municipal and industrial environmental control systems and drinking water treatment and distribution.

ES&E's readers include consulting engineers, industrial plant managers and engi neers, key provincial and federal environmental officials, water and wastewater treat ment plant operators and contractors.

Canadian Publications Mall Sales

Second Glass Mall

Product Agreement No. 181897 Registration No. 7750 Printed in Canada. No part of this pubiication may be reproduced by any means without written permission of the publisher. Yearly subscription rates: Canada $45.00 for one year, (plus $3.15 GST) USA $45.00 (US)for one year.

Ail advertising space orders, copy, artwork, film, proofs, etc., should be sent to: Environmental Science & Engineering, 220 Industrial Pkwy. S., Unit 30, Aurora, Ontario, Canada, L4G 3U6, Tel: (905)727-4666, Fax:(905) 841-7271,

storage 58 60

Old EAs and property transactions Evolution of lagoon effluent enhancement

Web site: www.esemag.com

Y

W Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Disinfection IVIonitoring Mew CLl 7 Online Chlorine Analyzer* ' Around-the-clock free or total chlorine measurement

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Editorial Comment

The Walkerton tragedy is no longer an isolated problem

Theentire Canadian watertreat

ment industry came under public scrutiny following an

outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 at

Walkerton, Ontario, where several died

and over 2,000 were made ill. This tiny, lethal bug was usually associated with poorly cooked hamburgers, but the tragic events in this small Ontario town brought

airwaves and in print.

Some genetic engineering in the world of semantics took place as the story unfolded. In both early print and TV reports, E. coli 0157:H7 was cor rectly described as a lethal bacterium, but as the story grew, the bacterium was

national awareness and out

rage that this could ever hap pen to Canadian drinking

Siasai

water.

In addition to the heartbreak

ing tragedy of children and the elderly being stricken, there are other factors which must be

added to the pain,suffering and medical costs. A small, but

prosperous town was virtually brought to a social and eco nomic standstill by a tiny bac terium about two microns in

size, while ironically, the big gest new growth industry in town was the news media.

Reporters and videographers seemed to propagate like bacteria in a petri dish as they

of our water problems could well be the reduced role of engineers and scientists in government bureaucracies. Flash back to the glory days of the Ontario Water Resources Commission(OWRC) in the mid 1950s, which later evolved

into the Ontario Ministry of the Envi ronment(MOE). For decades, the senior people in the OWRC and the subsequent MOE senior bureaucrats, gen erally had strong scientific and engineering backgrounds.

Moreover, Dr. A. Berry, OWRC's first Chief Engineer, General Manager, and emi nent scientist, encouraged many in his young team of engineers to obtain Master's degrees in various environ mental disciplines. Their combined multi-disciplinary credentials and talents gave them both practical and scien tific expertise in overseeing the design and operation of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants.

Some 10 years ago, the dominance of technical and

scientific staff began to erode, as P.Engs, scientists, and chemists were being replaced and relatives. The Mike Harris by highly educated but non govemment was berated in the legislature for what was termed A small, but prosperous town was virtually brought to a social technical people. The trend and economic standstill by a tiny bacterium about two microns continued under David an unprecedented loss of life In size. Photo - Sue Ann Eliis, The Walkerton Herald-Times Peterson's Liberal govern through drinking water.

The usual media suspects - budget mysteriously transmuted into a lethal ments, Bob Rae's NDP reign, as well as virus, sometimes in the same sentence. two Mike Harris PC governments. Over cuts, private laboratory services, down A CBC presenter aggressively called the past ten years, capital spending on sizing - were brought in for question ing. What I found interesting, is that for an increased federal government role sewage and water treatment started to decline. As a result, we now have a sew chlorine -for many years the bete noire to protect our water supplies. If the Fed erage and water treatment infrastructure eral Human Resources Minister could of environmental activists, was repeat not easily find one billion dollars in her in dire need of massive infusions of capi edly cited as a paradigm for safe drink ing water. While some media reports grants program,I have serious doubts if tal. The underfunding is notjust in On the feds could find a particular strain of tario, but in many parts of Canada. were thoughtful, sci

thrust cameras and micro

phones at civic leaders, pai'ents

entific, accurate, and

E. coli some two microns in size.

Canadians do not know how well

they have been served in the past nor how little they actually pay for both drinking water and wastewater treatment

sensitive, patches of real ignorance were

problems. Other incidences of E. coli

interwoven with fal

0157:H7 are being investigated in vari

lacious conclusions

ous parts of Canada. Now we see engi

and distribution. While it is a common

and broadcast ad

neers and biochemists from analytical

nauseum

laboratories in the forefront of news

sight to see Canadians nursing their plas tic water bottles costing as much as $2 for 200 mL(we in fact paid $3 per bot tle at a sporting event recently), how many know how little they pay for their

By Tom Davey, ES&E Publisher

on

the

Walkerton is not alone in its water

media reports, instead of the usual ar ray of self-annointed environmentalists.

A more fundamental reason for some

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Editorial Comment

municipal drinking water treatment services by comparison? The average home in Ontario uses approximately 250 litres of treated water per person daily.

Industrial use and mains leakage puts the per capita use far higher. While these are rough estimates, they give some idea of the enormous scale of the engineer ing required to obtain, treat, and deliver water to customers.

Take the Mega City as an example.

Toronto has first-class water and waste-

water treatment facilities and yes, these could be improved further if more in vestment were available. The Mega City has about 5,000 kilometres of water

mains in a distribution system which takes treated water to consumers from

its four treatment plants. Some 5,000 kilometres of sanitary sewers take care of the wastewater, plus another 5,000 kilometres of stormwater sewers.

A vast and complex array of massive pumps, valves,sophisticated instrumen tation, tanks, controls, and other equip ment,is needed to draw water from Lake

Ontario, treat and pump it north as far

as Richmond Hill, some 30 miles away,

water treatment facilities as demon

of Toronto. This water is tested regu larly by highly-trained chemists and microbiologists.

strated over many decades.

But the battle for water purity will

The cost to consumers to treat and

parasites such as Giarclia and Cijptosporidium are relentless opponents of

dispose of these enormous volumes of treated water is often just over $1.00 a cubic metre - a fraction of a penny per litre. To do all this at such low prices on a daily basis is an astounding engi neering feat. A buck a cubic metre for a product probably cleaner than many foodstuffs.

'Dirt cheap' is the cliche for the low est value imaginable yet. Try to buy 1,000 kilograms of anything for a dol lar. You cannot get soil delivered to your home for this price. Yet drinking water - usually treated and delivered to medi cally accepted standards - is delivered in both sub zero and sub tropical tem peratures with a regularity not matched by any other service. Canadian tel ephone services are extremely reliable -so are hydro services. But, Walkerton notwithstanding, nothing even remotely

Feedback Dear Mr. Davey: I was thrilled to read your Millennium Memories column and to see your ref

cal breakthroughs spawn. It is all too easy to solely depend on the technologi cal marvels that have been developed;

erences to the formation of the Cana

however, in the absence of human su

dian Water and Wastewater Association

pervision, these technologies can have tragic consequences.

in 1986 from the former FACE. The pic ture of the Change of Office Ceremony displaying the FACE Chain of Office was particularly pleasing to me as I currently hold that same Chain of Office as the President of CWWA and will do so until

May in Regina when I shall pass it to Doug Scott, from Thunder Bay who is the incoming President.

Yours sincerely, Ted Gillespie, P. Eng., City Engineer, Camrose, Alberta Dear Tom:

I was browsing through the January 2000 issue, and was struck by a para graph in your editorial Back from the Future - a remarkable past. The para graph I refer to states:"Now,as we con clude the 20th century with fantastic analytical and design capabilities, it is difficult to believe that even in the late

19th century, thousands died from water-

matches the safety and reliability of our

as well as to the east and west borders

As an illustration, I would cite an ex

periment, that tested airline pilots, in a simulator. The test involved flying a highly advanced passenger airliner (simulator)through unfamiliar airspace.

The intent was to see what were the con

sequences of complete reliance on in struments. The instruments in the simu

lator's cockpit indicated an all normal situation. This was despite the fact that on the windshield, was projected a mountain, and unless adjustments were made to the altitude of the aircraft, it

would clearly crash into the mountain side. The result? Pilots, by an over whelming majority, believed the instru ments and not their eyes,and yes,the simu lator "crashed" into the mountainside.

I mention this, simply to point out that technology has the capability to pro vide us with safe drinking water, clean

borne diseases."

air and safe foods; however,it will never

In light of what we now know,I can't think of a more appropriate statement to highlight the hubris which technologi

replace alert human supervision.

Dennis J. Csatari, Water Treatment Technologies Inc.

never end. As bacteria, viruses, and

human health, safe water demands con

stant vigilance by experts and adequate funding from governments.

High intensity livestock operations, as well as industrial run-off, are now

seen as growing potential threats to groundwater purity in many parts of North America.

Although no linkage has been made between biosolids land application prac tices and the contamination of the

Walkerton water supply, these practices along with manure handling and other agricultural practices will come under scrutiny as a result of this tragedy.

The Water Environment Association

of Ontario Biosolids Committee is pre paring a communication plan with the objective of ensuring that sound scien tific information on biosolids land ap plication practices are available to the media and to the public.

We urgently need watershed planning which takes into account the many fac tors involved in water treatment and dis

tribution. We need engineering teams who have a multi-disciplinary approach to all facets of water treatment. We need

to upgrade and monitor the training and skills of treatment plant operators. Fi nally, we need FUCs,councils, regions and other owners to become aware of

the value of quality in all aspects of water treatment services and purchases.

The environmental industry has long been beset with the twin problems of protecting public health while catering to the low bid ethos. For consultants,

manufacturers and laboratories, price has too often been the deciding factor.

Yet the life cycle benefits of superior pumps, valves, and piping can last half a century, often more. Both in econom ics and treatment effectiveness, well

designed environmental facilities can yield real savings for years. Amortize any savings from inferior engineering over a decade and savings, if any, are likely to be minuscule. Specify equip ment on quality and you could get reli ability as well as significant savings.

Add innovative engineering and you could be saving millions, as well as pro tecting public health. â?–

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

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Drinking Water Treatment

Chlorine has saved countless lives

in iittie more than a 100 years

Thefact that water is a mode of disease transmission, has been

400 B. anthracis

known for only a little more than a hundred years. Waterborne diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera were responsible for taking the lives of hundreds of thousands of peo ple around the World, including North America, at the beginning of the 20th century, so the need to disinfect potable water to preserve human life emerged.

By definition, the purpose of disinfec tion of potable water is to destroy patho genic organisms and thereby eliminate

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and prevent water-bome diseases.'

Chlorine,in the form of hypochlorites, was first used in 1896, as a temporary relief to typhoid epidemics at the Aus tria-Hungary naval base of Pola in the

Cf = 35

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A2

S, dysenteriae ph 7 ).01

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Coxsackie A2

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pH7 0.1

0.2

0.5

1 2 FAG, ppm

10

20

50

100

tion treatment, chlorination was first in

troduced in 1905, in Lincoln, England, to eliminate a typhoid fever epidemic, which was traced to the water supply.

Shortly after this success, chlorina tion and filtration were introduced in the

Disinfection time versus free avaiiabie chiorine residuai (for 99.6 to 100 percent kiii). Temperature 20 - 29°C, pH as indicated'. start and support a fire.

chemical, which possesses a pungent

The third forai of chlorine, which will be the focus of this article, is sodium

odour and a low surface tension. So

as typhoid, cholera, dysentery and hepa titis A. It is considered by many that the adoption of chlorination has been the most significant advance in public health protection.-

hypochlorite (NaOCl). Sodium hy pochlorite is supplied as a transparent, light-yellow solution of sodium hy pochlorite and water, containing from 9 to 15 percent(more commonly 12.5%) by weight available chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite used for drinking water

Forms of Chlorine

disinfection is similar to household

United States and resulted in the virtual elimination of water-bome diseases such

There are three forms of chlorine

used to disinfect water. Chlorine gas

(Cy contains over 99% pure chlorine and is delivered as a liquid in pressu rized containers. Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl),)contains 65% available chlo rine by weight,is available in powdered form or in compressed tablets, and re quires special storage to avoid contact with organic material as they can react to generate enough heat and oxygen to

bleach, except it is about double the con centration.

As a reference, adding 0.5 ppm of chlorine to a 10 m by 5 m, by 2 m deep swimming pool requires only 2 cups of household bleach or 1 cup of 12.5% so dium hypochlorite. As a second refer ence, adding 1 ppm ofchlorine to 3.8 mil lion litres(1 million US gallons)requires the addition of only 25 litres(6.7 US gal lons) of 12.5% sodium hypochlorite.

Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline 'White, G.C.The Handbook of Chlorina tion, 2nd Ed. Von Nostrand Reinhold.

New York, 1986.

^Leidholdt, R. Chlorine - "Special Agent" for Disinfecting Water. American Water Works Association. Vol. 26. No. 6. Pp 40-43. June 2000.

By Caroline Aiepin, P.Eng., M.Eng., and Michael MoNuity, GET, ProMinent Fluid Controls Ltd.

10

''Chlorine Chemistry Council. The Chlo rination of Drinking Water. A Review of Disinfection Practices and Issues.

Arlington, VA, USA.

dium hypochlorite storage does not present any fire hazard. However, it is quite corrosive and should be kept away from equipment that can be coiToded.

Overall, sodium hypochlorite possesses less restrictive storage and handling re quirements than chlorine gas or calcium hypochlorite; the risk is minimized due to the degree of dilution.

Sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant and a strong oxidant, which is also used for iron and manganese re moval,taste and odour control, and bio

logical growth control, while maintain ing a safe residual throughout the dis tribution system.

Chlorine Effectiveness as a Disinfectant

Water-bome pathogens causing dis ease fall into three general classes: bac teria, such as Escherichia Coli, Salmo nella (typhoid). Vibrio (cholera) and Legionella; viruses, such as Hepatitis A; and parasitic protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium parvitm and Giardia lamblia. Bacteria and viruses contami

nate both surface and groundwater, whereas parasitic protozoa appear pre

dominantly in surface water."

All three forms of chlorine, when

added to water, will form hypochlorous Continued overleaf

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

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Drinking Water Treatment acid (HOCl). Hypochlorous acid pen etrates microorganism cell walls and attacks their enzymes. It alters the struc ture of the enzymes, which in turn pre vents reproduction, and causes the death of the organism.

For chlorine to disinfect water prop erly, it must react with the water for a certain period of time,referred to as the contact time, t. For

taking into account other factors.

Temperature of the water is also an important consideration in regards to disinfection efficiency because it affects

Thus, the removal of these pathogens must be achieved through another means than chlorination. Filtration or alterna tive disinfectants such as chlorine diox

whereas in warmer water, it will tend to

ide and ozone have proven to be effec tive in eliminating these protozoan cysts, and can be used in synergy with chlo

dissipate.

rination.

the chlorine residual. Indeed, chlorine

will remain longer in colder water,

As for any disinfection practice, implementing a

100%

most water systems, the re quired contact time is usually in the range of 30 minutes.^ It is directly dependent on the

proper water treatment system that takes into account the raw

disinfectant concentration, C.

water quality (pre-oxidation, coagulation/flocculation, fil tration) prior to disinfection is

For higher disinfectant con

crucial in order to allow chlo

centrations, a lower contact time will be sufficient, and for a lower concentration, a

effectiveness as a disinfectant.

rine to be used to its maximum

Chlorination of drinking

longer contact time will be re quired. This is expressed by

water can create undesirable

by-products such as chlora-

the C X t value, which is a

mines and trihalomethanes

yardstick for evaluating disin fection effectiveness against a specific organism, for a spe cific water pH and tempera

(THMs). Chloramines are

100%

formed when chlorine com

bines with natural nitrogen/ ammonia present in water.

pH value

ture, because the effectiveness p., .

of chlorine is influenced by

The chloramine residual limit

onne versus pH dissociation curve.

water pH and temperature.

The pH of water plays an important role in regards to chlorine efficiency. Free chlorine is defined as hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion (HOCl -i- 001").

The change of equilibrium between the two species can be observed on the pH curve as the pH changes. The effective ness of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as a disinfectant is far superior to the hy pochlorite ion(OCr). It is therefore ad vantageous to have the pH controlled to optimize the effectiveness of chlorine.

ment. It is essential to maintain a mini

is presently set at 3.0 mg/1 in the Canadian Drinking Water Guide lines; however, the limit is expected to be lowered by Health Canada due to re cent research showing toxicity of

mum chlorine residual level in the

chloramines.

water system to ensure continued pro tection against harmful organisms.

Other Considerations/ Synergistic

are formed when chlorine reacts with

Chlorine residual is defined as the amount of chlorine that remains in

water for a period of time after treat

On the other hand, trihalomethanes

humic and fulvic acids which originate from decaying vegetation present in sur

Treatments

Protozoan cysts like Cryptosporidium and Giardia possess harder shells, making it very difficult for hypochlo rous acid to penetrate the cell wall.

face water. Trihalomethanes are sus

pected carcinogenic substances and must be kept at a minimal concentration Continued on page 20

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Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Unfortunately, we don't live in

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aom'tr'jiynoii j< hm i■ vmr Mi

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Drinking Water Treatment

Chlorine gas- a safe, effective disinfection method for weii water treatment

Chlorination has been said by

INSECT SCREENS

many to be the most impor tant public health accom plishment in the last century for its role in preventing major water-

T-fl XI

REGULATOR

Q

borne diseases in North America. Chlo

H II 11^

rine gas has had a long history of suc

ANALYZER SAMPLE SUPPLY LINE

cessful use in water treatment. For small

water systems, chlorine gas has long been the primary disinfectant source because of its low cost, simple opera tion and stability. Since the majority of small water systems use a groundwater source from wells where the water sup ply is relatively clean, only disinfection with chlorine is required to provide a po table water supply to the distribution

chlorine RESIDUAL ANALYZER

AUTOMATIC SWITCHOVER MODULE

DEEP

V"

V/ELL PUMP

DRAi:

Ji |k) CHtCK VALVE

BOOSTER PUVP

system.

The recent occurrence of bacterial CHLORINE CAS FROM VACUUM

outbreaks in groundwater systems can

REGULATOR

Figure 1

be eliminated with the use of chlorine for well water treatment at the well head.

The operation of chlorine gas systems, properly controlled, safely installed and continuously monitored, offer the user an effective, simple and economical method of disinfection and is effective

against bacteria such as E. coli.

Chlorine Requirement The chlorine requirement must be established to meet the disinfection

needs of each well or underground water source. Most well sources will

have a chlorine demand consisting of dissolved metals such as iron and man

ganese, perhaps some organic demand from colour or taste, perhaps an odour from sulphides and perhaps a bacteria demand. The total demand from any or all of these sources may be established in the utility's laboratory or in an inde pendent laboratory. Once the demand is determined and the residual require ments, governed by local regulations, are known, the dosage is established by adding the demand and the residual.

The quantity of chlorine required is determined quickly and easily with a simple calculation. The formula used is:

MVh = water flow in cubic metres

per hour,

g/M^ = chlorine dose in grams per cubic metre (numerically the same as milligrams per litre (mg/L)), g/h = chlorine gas feed require ments in grams per hour.

So, assuming a well has a pumping

rate of 400 MVh and requires a dosage of 1 g/M' or 1 mg/L, the chlorine feed rate is 400 grams per hour.

A 400 gram per hour continuous feed rate will be available from a cylinder of chlorine containing 68 Kg. This cylin der will last seven days before requir ing replacement, assuming 24 hour op eration of the well pump. In most cases, a well pump operates only when the water demand in the distribution system calls for more water. Well pumps nor mally operate intermittently, controlled by a level in a head tank or system pres sure. A chlorine cylinder used under these conditions will be in use for well

over seven days at a 400 gram per hour intermittent feed rate.

MVh X g/M^ = g/h.

By Gerald F. Connell, Consultant, Capital Controls Co., Inc., Colmar, PA, and Ahron Nahmias, Metcon Sales

& Engineering, Concord, ON 14

where

Most well systems are provided with 100% standby through the use of an au tomatic switchover system. This pro vides for continuous availability of chlo rine by switching to a standby cylinder when the in-use cylinder is empty. Op erating personnel need not be on-site 24

hours per day nor on weekends,and they can replace the empty cylinder during normal working hours.

Installation of Chlorine System Normally, there are two methods used to add chlorine to well water - at

the well pump discharge or into the well suction. Addition into the discharge line requires the use of a booster pump, while addition to the well suction requires some special installation considerations.

Either method is effective and can be

easily adapted to the local situation.

Installation with a booster pump adds chlorine as a chlorine solution from a

gas feed chlorinator to the discharge line from the well pump,downstream of the well pump check valve, (see Figure 1).

The booster pump is used to feed the chlorine solution created at the vacuum

producing ejector by activating the booster pump only when the well pump is started. When the well pump is oper ated, the rate of pumping is constant, the proper chlorine proportion is added with a manual,fixed feed rate gas chlorinator.

Installation without a booster pump uses the well pump discharge line pres sure and injects solution back into the well below the pump housing and away from the well casing(see Figure 2). The nature of this type of installation usu ally dictates that the well be shallow.

Provision must be made in the install-

Continued overleaf

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

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Drinking Water Treatment and drained for service. This "corp cock" assembly allows such service.

. INSECT ,

T screens!

GAS VACUUM "vTUBING

AUTOWATl SWITCHOVER MODULE

CHLORINE RESIDUAL ANALYZER

4. Automatic switchover is recom

mended to provide 100 % standby.

5. Signals from the system are easily provided to indicate a loss of chlorine in the water system, chlorine leak, and an empty container. These signals can be used to alert the appropriate person

VACUUM

REGULATOR

D OUTSDE ANALYZER

SAMPLE SUPPLY

AUTOMATIC VALVE SHUT-OFF SYSTEM SAFETY CYLINDER

CHAIN

NITROGEN

nel.

CHLORINE GAS

CYLINDER

DRAIN

6. Pressure gauges and pipe strainers are recommended for water supply to the ejector.

TO EJECTOR

CHLORINE SOLUTION LOOP

WELL

7. All installations should use a chlorine

PUMP CHECK

gas detector, an automatic container valve operator and a chlorine residual

VALVE ANTI-SIPHON

EJECTOR

monitor. The chlorine gas detector alerts

operating personnel to any leak that may occur. The automatic valve operator closes all container valves upon which the operator is mounted and when acti

Figure 2 ation so that a vacuum breaker or anti-

siphon ejector is used in the system.

Since the system uses well line pressure, the need for a booster pump is elimi nated and the cost of installation and op eration reduced. A slight loop in the so lution discharge line from the ejector should be provided in the installation to allow the ejector to operate against a "flooded" condition. This prevents er ratic ejector operation.

Installation

Some points to consider when install

The PC Pump that Doesn't Devour Spare Parts

ing a gas chlorinator are: 1. All hydraulic conditions such as dis tribution line pressure, booster pump suction and discharge piping size must be thoroughly reviewed. The booster pump must be sized to provide sufficient water flow and pressure for the ejector operation.

2. The chlorination system must take its suction and discharge downstream from the check valve.

3. A corporation cock assembly must be used when the line cannot be isolated

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record of the values would be available.

8. All manufacturer operating and serv icing instructions should be met by the utility. Training on the use of all safety equipment is a must for such items as gas masks and escape masks as well as the Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit. 9. Finally, as a method of providing a record of the quantities of chlorine be ing fed,scales are available that continu ously indicate the amount of chlorine remaining in a container.

10.The manual systems described above are easily converted to automatic pro portioning systems by the insertion of a proportioning valve in the vacuum line.

Summary Chlorine gas is the simplest method available for chlorination of water. A

I All pumps have sealed and lubricated

For the nearest seepex distributor call:

vated by contacts such as a chlorine leak, fire, earthquake, etc. These automatic operators meet fire and building code requirements and eliminate the need for costly scrubbing systems. The chlorine residual monitor allows the utility to ensure that water going to the distribu tion system is properly treated and pro vides assurance of a properly function ing system. In addition, a permanent

large majority of the small systems in the United States use chlorine gas. The safety performance of chlorine gas sys tems over the last 80 to 90 years has been excellent. Since chlorine does not dete

riorate over time, the utility need not concern itself with problems associated with product degradation. Trained lo cal service personnel are readily avail able to assist in start-up, training, and service needs.

For more information, circle reply card No. 109

16

For more information, circle reply card No. 141 (See page 25)

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Guest Comment

Emergency air monitoring at toxic fires Who you gonna call? You'll be surprised

During disasters such as the recent Ontario fires at U.S.E.

sary, how can this be done when they won't expose the unit to any suspected

to go into areas of concern. We ask how the regulatory agency that controls the

Hickson in Scarborough,

toxins?

environment can be so restricted while

and the Plastimet fire in

Hamilton, police and fire officials anx iously awaited the arrival of the Minis try of the Environment.

During these events, the air quality that the emergency personnel are fac ing is often suspected of being toxic.

Several calls are made to the Ministry

The TAGA units do contain numer

ous expensive pieces of analytical equip ment, but they are only as good as the samples which they extract. The two or three staff members in the unit are not

outfitted with any personal protective equipment, nor are the units themselves positive pressure sealed. Put yourself

of the Environment to

have their Emergency Response Person(ERP) dispatched to the area.

When the ERP per son reports in to the po

conducting both investigations and dayto-day control of the environment.

Lets get back to the million dollar buses. The three units, apparently, all test for different components of what could be in a fire. So if you are lucky enough to get a unit on site, you might want to know if the unit tests for organics or inorganics before it is sent. So one must

lice or fire command

really know what is burning and what the by-products are before you can request a unit that may be in Kenora

unit, he or she will state

or Sarnia.

that the Ministry of the

As an Emergency Responder and one who has been to many occur

Environment does not

offer front-line

air

monitoring. Depending on where your occur rence is, you might get the luxury of having a Level 2 respond(Ham

rences (both Plastimet and U.S.E. Hickson),

ilton area has disbanded

gency response, to is sues such as spills and

we find that there is a

dangerous misconcep tion in the field ofemer

their Level 2). A Level 2 is an officer with some

basic air monitoring equipment. The equipment is not effective as the officer has no personal protective equipment, and thus their hands are tied.

If the situation warrants, the million

dollar air monitoring bus will be dis patched. If you are lucky, one of the three units will be in Toronto. One typi cally might wait 12-14 hours for a re sponse to the scene.

These buses, along with the MOE, are not front-line response units. They are typically situated throughout Ontario to conduct air sampling in various re gions. Upon arrival at the scene, you will see the Million Dollar Air Moni

toring Unit, also known as Trace Atmos pheric Gas Analyzer (TAGA) unit, parked in an area in which there are no potential toxins. If the MOE is sum

toxic fires.

in their place. Would you drive into a plume or another risk area knowing that you, the operator, will take any toxic hit long before the community does? You will see them drive through your neigh bourhood but if there are readings or evi dence of elevated levels, they will be gone before you are.

Recently, U.S.E. Hickson in Scar borough (April 09, 2000), sustained a reported 10 million dollar fire which emitted a thick black plume and forced the evacuation of ten homes. At the time

of writing, the MOE had not been on the actual fire site. The local officer who

was very effective in her handling of the fire clean-up had never been trained or outfitted with the basics of personal pro tective equipment other than NFPA level

To be able to get accurate sampling and readings, one must enter the area in which the suspect toxins are present. By not placing properly trained MOE offi cials with proper equipment into the plume or the fallout, we will never get accurate results and be able to make ra

tional decisions for both fire-fighting and evacuations.

Police and fire officials must learn

that certain misconceptions can, and will, possibly have caused exposure to chemicals and placed both regulatory agencies and citizens at risk.

We at TEAM-1 do not operate mil lion dollar buses, but we do have exten

sively trained personnel who will enter the most toxic of sites and give relative readings for various components. At

D work wear.

both the Plastimet and U.S.E. Hickson

fires, our crews were giving information

nity and the fire officials if the air is

While TEAM-1 crews spent six weeks cleaning up under Level B and

breathable or if an evacuation is neces-

C,the MOE never ventured onto the site

the start of both disasters.

to look at the conditions that made this

The moral of this story? Follow the TAGA unit, you'll be safe.

For more information, circle reply card No. 110

moned to the scene to tell the commu

By Mitchell GIbbs, TEAM-1 Environmental Services

site such an environmental issue. The

local officer's reply to all was that they are not HazMat people and don't need

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

to the fire service within two hours of

17

Conference Review

WEAO's first symposium In the new millennium attracts more than 700 delegates water from the well

...

quite close to the dead camel. Why didn't anyone move

last 35 years. This could be significantly

no one knew who the

less where corrosion or inferior materi

owner was and, in

that part of the

als are factors. These stark figures tell us that we should be spending about

world, no one would

$895 million per year on infrastructure

take it upon them

replacement-this would be 1.8% of the

selves to move other

estimated asset value," he said. He

people's property.

noted that this was just to keep the in frastructure in satisfactory working con dition, without considering growth-re lated expenditures, process improve ments, problems,or catch-up funding to make up for deferred spending.

Elect of the Water Environment Fed

Steve Davey, Environmental Science & Engineering Maga

Thefirst WEAO conference of the new millennium was held at the Hamilton Convention

Centre,April 16-18, attracting some 700 registrants. The OPCEA Exhibition and Operations Challenge provided excitement and entertainment to liven up the serious technical papers.

Toby Barrett, Parliamentary Assist ant to the Ontario Minister of the Envi

ronment,said:"Over the past two years, Ontario invested some $200 million in

improving water quality, thereby pro tecting human and environmental health, through the Provincial Water Protection Fund. That money has helped dozens of communities upgrade their sewage treatment infrastructure, and ensure clean drinking water for their residents."

Keynote Speaker Marq de Villiers, renowned author, teacher and journal ist, outlined the appalling condition of water resources on a global basis. While we enjoy abundant freshwater along with the technical abilities to treat and

transport it to consumers, many in Third World Countries spend hours every day simply to access water of very poor qual ity. He gave one example ofa dead camel being found in a well in an advanced state of putrefaction. People were drawing (WEAO - Water Environment Associa tion of Ontario OPCEA - Ontario Pollution Gontroi

Equipment Association)

Photo Report by Tom Davey 18

ture, such as treatment facilities, should

the carcass? Well,

The President-

zine (ieft), receives the Bedeii Award from Joe Stowe, Jr.

"With good construction, in-ground infrastructure should last 75 years. Well constructed above-ground infrastruc

eration, Joe Stowe,

Jr., noted ruefully that bottled water is

sold for as much as 500 times more than

the cost of municipal drinking water supplied right inside the house. Many cultures spend many hours a day sim ply finding water fit to drink. "It is clear we are not doing a good job of selling the benefits of environmental engineer ing properly." He also noted, approv ingly, the rapid advance offemale engi neers into the environmental engineer ing professions.

Mr.Stowe called on Steve Davey,cofounder of Environmental Science &

Engineering magazine, to accept the Arthur Sidney Bedell Award. He noted that this was a Federation award as well

as the premier award of WEAO. Eldon Wallis, City of Orillia, was awarded the top honour for Operations Excellence, the Hatfield Award.

At a press conference, George Powell,P.Eng., D.E.E., gave some stag gering statistics on infrastructure fund ing deficits. A Senior Vice President of CH2M Gore & Storrie Limited, he was the 1989 President of WEAO.

Difficult choices

He said Ontario's water industry is facing difficult choices - either invest ing more in protection of vital infrastruc ture or being reactive to its safekeeping, ultimately resulting in premature infra structure replacement at far higher over all cost. Globally, staggering numbers are emerging on the need for infrastruc ture spending. A1992 Needs Study con ducted for the Ontario Water Services

Secretariat, estimated the province's ex penditures at $19 billion for water and wastewater alone. Responding to the massive future spending estimates, gov ernments at all levels are taking a far more critical look at public infrastruc ture, he noted.

Mr. Powell pointed out that: "While Ontario public drinking water utilities have traditionally been managed on a fee-for-service basis, with accounts

managed to recover the full cost of the service provided, wastewater services have not followed this management ap proach. According to 1994 data, only Continued overleaf

Clockwise from top left: Operations Chaiienge 1st Place team 'Flush In The Pan' from the Regional Municipality of Durham (left to right): Tony Ho, WEAO Presi dent; Rhonda Harris, WEF Past President; John Rammier; Marty Van Heuvei; Duncan Sedgeman (coach); Craig Belfry; Heinz Held, OPCEA President; Rich ard Foreman; Joe Stowe, Jr., WEF President-Eiect. Eidon Wailis (ieft). City of Oriilia, receives the Hatfield Award from Joe Stowe, Jr. and Tony Ho, MOE, WEAO President. Award recipients (ieft to right): Terry Matthews, Zenon; Bob Wiiicocks, Triton Engineering; Greg Jackson, outgoing director; Rosanna Dilabio, Praxair; Peter Nicoi, CH2M Gore & Storrie; Margaret Soares, Mohawk College.

Joe Stowe, Jr., and his wife Kay,Joined David Rein, LIMA Engineering (left), for Tuesday's 'apron lunch'. Marie Meunier and At Vivian, US Filter. Operations Safety event team 'The Titrants'(OCWA). George Powell, CG&S, with ES&E Publisher, Tom Davey. Keynote speaker Marq de Viiliers, author of "Water".

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Conference Review

lAMILTON

CONVENTION

•Ss. -.■.'

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

19

Conference Review

50% of the total water and sewage ex penditures are being recovered by the

early 1990s, recognized upgrading re quirements estimated at $19 billion

user rate. Ontario's investment in water

spread over 15 years, or $1.3 billion per

and wastewater infrastructure has not

year. Growth-related expenditures, nor mally covered by development charges

Growth-related water and wastewater infrastructure costs in Ontario are esti

kept pace with economic growth. Since the late 1970s,infrastructure growth has

and the house owners, must also be rec

mated at $1 billion annually, based on a 1% growth rate.

"In summary, annual capital spend ing on water and wastewater infrastruc

remained static or has declined, as have

ognized. The cost to service a new home

ture should be approximately $2.3 bil

provincial and federal grants to local governments for water systems. Using 1992 as the base year, the province has

with water and wastewater services is

lion. In 1997, the total annual spending

about $8,000 per capita, while develop ment charges for water and wastewater, intended to pay for trunk mains, pump ing stations, reservoirs and treatment fa cilities, are about $5,000 per unit.

between what is being spent and what is needed. The longer the delay,the great er the gap will become," he stressed.

shown a decrease in total annual ex

penditure from 1995 to 1997, of 17%.

"The MOE Needs Study back in the

was $971 million -a gap of$1.3 billion

What is Affordable?

"The 1999 American Water Works

Association survey of municipalities shows the average Ontario household uses about272 cubic metres of water per

year and pays $397 annually for water and sewage services. Water and wastewater costs represent about 0.7% of household income, far less than the maximum 2% of median household in

come(not including sewerage charges) recommended by the US Environmen tal Protection Agency. Existing esti mates on necessary infrastructure expen ditures would mean a household in

crease of approximately $750 per year, an increase of about $I per household

Why is there excitement in the air about Eaglebrook?

per day from the current rate- most rea sonable in comparison to consumer costs in many other parts of the world.

"Integration of our water and wastewater systems into a single unit with full cost recovery of all system costs by the user will provide a financially-sound and

We're continuing to spread our wings - taking the lead as your single source for water coagulation products and

sustainable basis," he concluded.

chemistry.

Drinking Water Treatment

Check out our extensive product range and see why we're attracting so many customers. Wg have it all, including aluminum- and iron-based products for water

Continuedfrom page 12 (Canada: < 100 jig/l)). Using an altemative chemical such as chlorine dioxide for

pre-treatment prior to coagulation/

and wastewater treatment.

fiocculation and filtration will virtually eliminate THM precursors, and inhibit

With expert technical services in regional offices across Canada and the United States, we're up to your specific

THM formation in subsequent chlorination. Chlorine dioxide for pre-oxidation will also greatly reduce chloramines as it

challenge.

does not combine with ammonia.

So don't expect the buzz about Eaglebrook to stop anytime soon. Future acquisitions and new product development are in the works. Deal with a company that's top flight all the way.

in the raw water,the concentration ofiron

The nature of the pathogens present and manganese,the presence of odorous substances such as hydrogen sulphide, the pH and temperature of the water, and the potential disinfection by-product for mation, are all essential factors to take

www.eaglebrook.net

EAGLEBROOK

1-800-428-331 I

Matteson, Illinois

Your Single Source^ 20

For more information, circle reply card No. 119 (See page 25)

into account when designing a water treatment system. The final water treat ment system should be designed as a synergy of treatment methods, which considers all of the above factors.

Circle reply card No. 140 Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

73rd Annual Conference & Exposition

Attend the Largest Water Quality Conference & Exposition in North America!

Over 34 Hours of Technical

Sessions & Workshops on the il/lost Current Wastewater

Topics

Featuring Over 800 Exhibitors,

• Research

79 Technicai Sessions on the iatest v/ater

• Municipal Wastewater

quaiity issues, 31 Fuii-day Workshops, 11 Faoiiity Tours, and more including:

Treatment

• Residuals & Biosolids

• Opening General Session, featuring keynote speaker, Dr. Sylvia Earl, Oceanographer and Marine Biologist

Management • Collection Systems

• WEFTEC Luncheon with Fran Tarkenton

• Remediation of Soil & Groundwoter

• Industry Day - a full day dedicated to

• Industrial Issues & Treatment

Industrial Issues

• 3-Day International Workshop Package • WEFTEC for Famil ies

Technology • Surface Water Quality &

• WEF's Night at Disneyland

•Management For More Information: Call WEF's Fox on Demand (Select document #4000): 1-800-444-2933 or 1-703-684-2401

• Facility Operations.

• Natural Systems, Water Reuse & Small Communities

(If outside the U.S. & Canada)

• Current Issues

E-mall: conflnfo@wef.org

• International & Public Education Issues

Call: 1-800-666-0206 or 1-703-684-2452

(If outside the U.S. & Canada) Visit WEF's WEB Site:

wef.org

www.

anaheim ca Water Environment Federation

73rd Annual Conference & Exposition Anaheim Convention Center • Anaheim, California U.S.A. Conference Dates: October 14-18, 2000 Exposition Dates: October 15-18, 2000

For more information, circle reply card No. 129(See page 25)

Conference Review

ES&E's 2000 Conference and Tradeshow

was voted another great success ■

Environmental Management &

M J Compliance 2000 attracted m ' over 400 delegates and speak-

■ ^ ers to the Regal Constellation Hotel, Toronto,April 26 and 27. Legal, technical and government regulatory specialists addressed crowded sessions, sometimes with standing room only.

ES&E's annual Management& Compli ance conferences are some of the larg est privately sponsored environmental conferences in Canada.

Sessions remained full to the very end of the two day conference, while ex perts fielded questions relating to vari ous scenarios. This was an ideal practi cal learning experience for those in industiy, with environmental responsibili ties. It was the 8th consecutive confer

ence organized by Environmental Sci ence & Engineering Magazine, in con junction with Canadian Environmental Regulation & Compliance News.

Following are some of the program highlights: • Federal laws and the new Canadian

Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

• Pollution Prevention (P2) Planning requirements under new legislation.

•Practical problem-solving for environ mental and plant managers.

• Principles and best-practices of Envi ronmental Management.

• Environmental detective work: Site Assessments and SSRAs.

Lunches and coffee breaks were served in the tradeshow area, maximizing net working opportunities.

•Environmental regulation and compli ance for supervisors and managers.

• Environmental due diligence for su pervisors and managers.

• Legal and technical aspects of the de fence of environmental charges.

• Integrated environmental and health and safety auditing.

• Auditing within an Environmental Management System.

• Spill prevention and response for su

pervisors and managers.

Once again, exhibitors were very positive about the tradeshow set-up which encouraged high level interfaces between exhibitors' staff and conference

delegates.

Eor registration or information on booth space for EC 2001, April 10 -11, please contact Environmental Science & Engineering at: 1-888-254-8769,(905) 727-4666, Fax:(905) 841-7271.

"Httui

Kevin Dunn, of Jacques Whitford, gave a one-day course on the inner workings of the iSO 14001 Environmental Management System model.

22

Douglas Petrie, of Wiiims & Shier, holds up a weighty copy of the proceedings for his workshop on practical problemsolving for plant managers.

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Environmental Management & Compliance 2001 Conference and Tradeshow A unique networking opportunity organized by Environmental Science &

Engineering Magazine and Canadian

Environmental Regulation & Compliance News

i

I April 10 & 11, 2001 Regal Constellation Hotel Etobicoke (Toronto), Ontario

Organized by Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine, and Canadian Environ mental Regulation & Compliance News, Environmental Management & Compliance is designed to be a low cost opportunity for you to network with existing and potential clients.

As the leading event of its kind in Canada for the past eight years, our conference and tradeshow has attracted some 400-500 delegates and speakers each year; all are key specifiers of environmental equipment and services. Call ES&E at (905) 727-4666 or 1-888-2548769 for a complete information package, or to reserve booth space.

Early Bird Special- 8' x 8' Booth space only $595

llQl

Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine 220 Industrial Pkwy. S., Unit #30, Aurora, Ontario L4G 3V6 Tel:(905)727-4666, 1-888-254-8769, Fax:(905) 841-7271 E-mail: denise@esemag.com â&#x20AC;˘ Web site: www.esemag.com

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

23

Conference Review

BCWWA 2000

Annual Conference,

Victoria, BC

The British Columbia Water & Waste Association had a wide variety of scientific and technical pa

pers on both water and wastewater topics. These few selected abstracts give some idea of the range and depth of this conference: 1) Inactivation of Encysted Parasites using Medium-

Revolutionary Brush System Prevents Algae Build-Up In Clarifiers Called Algae Sweep Automation (ASA),

makes it durable and

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K. Bircher, Calgon Carbon Corporation D. Degen, City of Kelowna D. Rector, Epcor Water Services Affiliation:

Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Abstract:

The effect of both medium pressure and low pressure ultra violet radiation on encysted Giardia and Cryptosporidium was investigated using a bench-scale collimated beam ap paratus. Parasite inactivation was determined by infectivity in animal models. The data show that Giardia and Cryptosporidium are readily inactivated by medium-pres sure UV with 2.5 log-units of inactivation of both parasites at UV doses of less than 40 mJ/cm^.

UV was also shown to effectively inactivate the para sites over a wide range of temperatures. Inactivation in a high quality filtered drinking water was the same as in a lab de-ionized water. When compared on the basis of germicidal UV dose, radiation from a conventional low pressure

lamp was found to be equally effective at inactivation of Cryptosporidium as radiation from a medium pressure lamp.

UV dose-parasite inactivation curves were developed over a wide range of UV doses to aid in development of design criteria for application in drinking water.

2) Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide.

Author:

Gerald Cowley, B.Sc., P.Eng. Affiliation: Sterling Pulp Chemicals Ltd. Abstract:

A number of methods for controlling disinfection by-prod ucts (DBPs) are being implemented in North America in order to comply with the new US EPA Stage 1 Safe Drink ing Water Act (SDWA). These include the use of granu lated activated carbon (GAC),enhanced coagulation (EC),

effluent surfaces.

years while optimizing clarifier performance and making WWTPs safer places to work.

S. Craik, G. Finch, University of Alberta

of New Brunswick

this patented system of spring-loaded brushes is in throughout the nation.

Pressure Ultraviolet Radiation Drinking Water.

Authors:

and also the use of alternative disinfectants. Due to differ

Ford Hall Company, Inc. http://www.fordhall.com P.O. Box 54312

Lexington, Kentucky 40555 1 800 928-2070

ences in water quality across North America, no single ap

proach will fit every location. It is critical, therefore, that Water Utilities have as many options as possible for ad dressing the disinfection versus disinfection by-products di lemma.

One of these options is the use of chlorine dioxide(ClO,).

In the past, principally due to its cost, it was used only for odour and taste problems. However, recent studies have confirmed that it is a very effective disinfectant, and that Continued overleaf

For more information, circle reply card No. 122 (See page 25)

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Ad Index

Company

Page

Reader Service No.

ABS Pumps

46

256

Hach

AGFA

13

107

Acres & Associates

62

Analytical Technology Inc Analytical Technology Inc Analytical Technology Inc

27 29 31

Anthrafilter

46

261

Aquablast

46

257

143 144 145

Company

Page

Reader Service No.

5

251-254

Hertz Equipment Rental 15 International Water Supply.... 46 International Water Supply.... 46

108 259 260

Kee Industrial Products

55

114

Kentain Products

31

127

KMK Gonsultants

38

146

MacViro

39

54

Azurix North America

11

105

MacViro

GAEAL

33

158

Metcon

36

Gancoppas

35

130

Omega Public Works

57

116

64

207

132

GH2M Gore & Storrie

37

133

Ozonia

Ghlorinators Inc

27

142

ProMinent

9

104

Golgate-Palmolive 57 Gons. Engineers of Ontario...47

117 150

RAL Engineering Ltd Response Rentals

38 47

134 151

GPPA

61

159

RPR Environmental

29

212

Davis Gontrols

32

128

RWDI

37

Denso

55

112

Seepex

16

141

Donson

12

106

Southam

59

138

Eaglebrook Ecodyne Ford Hall Gompany

20 26 24

119 123 122

6

103

Team-1

63

206

Urecon

47

152

Golder Associates

59

139

Waterloo Barrier

54

215

3

102

WEF

21

129

30

126

Zenon Environmental

Gorman-Rupp Greatario

Stormceptor

2

101

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□ Other: Please be specific

135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151

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June 2000

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338

25

Conference Review

the concerns about its specific DBFs (chlorite and chlorate), can and are be

ing avoided. This presentation was in tended to provide information to the water treatment community about the use of chlorine dioxide in municipal drinking water treatment.

year of operation.

The authors gave an overview of the biological iron and manganese removal

the last five years. These have used a variety of processes ranging from low

process,the application guidelines of the technology, and showed a few installa

to more sophisticated membrane treat ment systems. Selection of the appro priate technology for water treatment

tions.

Details of the pilot study, together

3. The First Canadian Biological Man

with the full-scale installation schemat

ganese Removal installation Operat ing Results.

ics and layout were presented. Predicted performance of residual manganese of

Authors:

less than 0.05 mg/1 was reached with out any chemical addition after the six

Jean Paul Trudel and Paul Williams

Affiliation: Degremont Infilco Limited

weeks required for the biomass devel opment. The fully automatic system operates with very little operator atten

Abstract:

The town of Woodstock, NB,was strug

tion. In addition, the pilot study per

gling with an increasing level of man ganese,since their well water source was affected by the Saint-John river water

formed at Ste-Marie de Beauce where

mechanical content,slow sand filtration,

must consider a number of factors in

cluding raw water quality, performance during piloting, cost, ease of operation and maintenance, and more stringent water quality regulations.

This paper reviewed considerations for process selection in water treatment.

Case studies were presented from projects in British Columbia,the US,the Caribbean and Australia. Many of the issues facing other jurisdictions are

level rise, due to a new dam constructed

iron and manganese can reach 14 and 2 mg/1 respectively, was briefly presented.

4) Selection of Appropriate Technol

downstream. Pilot tests were conducted

ogy for Water Treatment.

ventional filtration, ozonation, mem

with conventional physical chemical processes and one biological process.

The town retained the biological proc

Authors:

branes and slow sand filtration. Project

Brian Johnson, P.Eng. and Reno Fiorante, P.Eng. Affiliation: Stantec Consulting Ltd.

examples were provided to demonstrate the application of the technology for different source water quality.

ess because there is no need for chemi

cals, the footprint is smaller and operat ing costs are lower. The full-scale unit

similar to British Columbia. Different water treatment processes were re

viewed including direct filtration, con

5) Parallel - Series: A New Kind of Pump Station for High Head

Abstract:

was installed in the Fall of 1998 and the

A number of water treatment plants have

Pumping.

paper presented the results of the first

been constructed in British Columbia in

Author: Richard Jacobs, P.Eng.

Potable water.

Portable plant.

Ecodyne Monoplants are pre-engineered and pre-assembled into self-contained water treatment units easily transported and quickly installed. Seventeen standard sizes are available to treat from 20

gpm to 500 gpm,for municipal plants and wtierever additional or improved water is needed.

Each Monoplant contains clarification, filtration, chemical feed and gravity backwash systems.

Conservatively designed, the fvlonoplant

produces water with an effluent turbidity of less than 1 JTU.

,

1

For complete information, contact: Ecodyne Limited 4475 Corporate Drive Burlington, Ontario L7L 5T9 Telephone:(905) 332-1404 Toll Free: 1-888-EGODYNE

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26

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WE MAKE WATER WORK WORLDWIDE

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Conference Review

Affiliation: John Brooks Company Limited

in the water and wastewater sector.

• Why the self-priming pump is an ad vantageous design for sewage lift sta

Abstract:

The Gorman-Rupp Company, a manu facturer of self-priming sewage lift sta tions active in Canada, found that they were receiving more and more inquir ies for pump stations with a high total dynamic head, in excess of 30 metres.

Investigation of the need for heads of this magnitude uncovered the cause - a steep system curve resulting from either a relatively small forcemain di ameter, or a high value of equivalent length. The situations responsible in cluded: infill development adding one or more pump stations to a system, ret rofit of a pump station for a higher ca pacity while re-using the existing forcemain, and connecting scattered effluent sources through a long forcemain to a rural treatment plant.

This presentation reviewed the fol lowing material, to explain the nature ofthe special pumping station developed

by Gorman-Rupp to address this need: •What a self-priming pump is, and how

tion service.

• Definition of parallel and series pump operation.

• What a "Parallel-Series" station is and

how it works. Patent position.

• How pump curves and system curves relate to the "Parallel-Series" concept.

•The benefits obtainable from a "Paral

lel-Series" station.

This presentation was intended to provide engineers and operators with information on a viable (though rela tively new)technology, which employs self-priming pumps to generate total heads of up to 60 metres in lift station service.

6) Oil Grit Separators for Pavement Drainage - What are the benefits?

numbers of proprietary methods used to remove pollutants from stormwater and pavement drainage. Authorities have been calling for the treatment of stormwater to help prevent degradation of aquatic habitat, and now, manufacturers are responding with a number of prod ucts specifically designed for oil and grit removal from relatively small flows.

These products are now starting to be specified in municipal standards al though no protocol has yet been estab lished for their acceptance.

This presentation reviewed the con cepts involved in oil and grit removal, some water quality requirements for habitat protection, and applications where oil/grit separators are useful. It reviewed pollutant removal efficiencies of oil/grit separators and compared them to estimated values for other standard

Authors:

designs.

Bruce Kenning, P.Eng. Gary Minton, P.E., Ph.D. Affiliation:

ference, or a full list of the abstracts,

For more information about the con contact: British Columbia Water and

Reid Crowther & Partners Ltd.

Waste Association (BCWWA), 342-17

Resource Planning Associates

it works.

Abstract:

Fawcett Road, Coquitlam, BC, V3K 6V2, Tel: (604) 540-0111, Fax: (604)

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Pulp & Paper Industry Focus

A new look at the forest industry and global warming

New analyses now suggest that cutting and replanting a climax forest may actually

benefit the environment,

provided the wood goes to long-lasting uses such as houses and furniture.

The main ingredient of wood, cellu lose, is a sugar polymer comprising oxy gen, hydrogen, and carbon constituents, freely available even though trees are sessile organisms that cannot forage as ani mals can. Water pro vides hydrogen and oxygen; air supplies carbon dioxide, CO,.

The tree's genome tells

The time of lockup varies with the tree species. A spruce in a boreal forest may live for sixty years, a coastal Sequoia sempervirens for two millennia.

At maturity, a tree stops binding carbon.

At its death - whether quickly by fire or slowly by disease - its carbon is un locked to the air, and the cycle restarts.

The trouble with this exquisitely bal anced system began with an old, old

and Venus- whose surface is as hot as a

self-clean oven - perhaps one day will be twins in climate, as well as in size.

To control CO,, scientists are mak ing sober proposals that ten years ago would have been considered science fic

tion. These use a concept called carbon

sequestration technology, or sucking carbon away from the air where it can not tum up the heat. Researchers from Norway, Switzerland, and the US have re

wood. Sunlight pro vides the power and much power is needed.

A growing tree extracts huge volumes of mate

cently proposed inject ing CO,into sub-ocean wells, pumping it into dry oil wells on land, or bubbling it through the abyssal depths to create a kind of giant soda.

One suggestion is more mundane: plant trees.

A professor offorest ecology at the Univer sity of British Colum

rial from its environ

bia, Dr. Hamish Kim-

ment. Willows, for ex

mins,specializes in how forest ecosystems work, in both the pristine state and in response to human disturbance.

Among other techniques. Dr. Kimmins analyzes forests by means of their car bon budget.

"Any ecosystem," says Dr. Kimmins, "has a maximum quantity of carbon it

it how to assemble its raw

materials

into

ample,drink water from the soil, duct it through roots and trunk, and 'wick' it into the

atmosphere as water vapour. This is not a small-scale operation. On a summer day when its biological processes run quickly, a mature willow may breathe tonnes of water into the air. Conserva

tion engineers in flood-prone areas, of ten plant willows rather than build dams.

Similarly, the conifers in a climax for est extract millions of cubic metres of

carbon dioxide from the air, and lock it

up as wood.

CO, seems harmless enough. It's a

natural' product of human respiration, and non-toxic in normal concentrations.

To understand why CO, has become a modern pollutant, scientists look back to Earth a hundred thousand years ago, when our biosphere's carbon budget was in equilibrium. Limestone, made of small sea-creatures' shells, stored carbon

until tectonic forces exposed it and let it weather. Earth's forests were also car

story -the meddling ofH. sapiens. Coal and oil, those naturally occurring car bon sinks, made wonderful fuel; we ex

tracted them to heat our buildings and power our vehicles. Later we used them as feedstocks for synthetic materials in cluding plastics, fabrics, and even phar maceuticals.

Fossil fuels have undeniably im proved our daily lives. They have also yielded a major, unintentional by-product: gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, re leased into the air at rates unprecedented since immense volcanic eruptions mil lions of years ago. This is unfortunate, because atmospheric CO, has another property. It is transparent to sunlight striking through it to the ground, but nearly opaque to re-radiated infrared try ing to escape back into space. The net energy transfer accumulates energy, in exorably heating the Earth.

Industries that generate a lot of CO^,

bon sinks. As they grew, they bound

such as the oil and automotive sectors,

atmospheric CO^ into wood and held it

naturally baulk at any call to curtail their carbon output, often proposing further studies. But globally, science is rapidly reaching consensus on global warming: it's here. And unless we stop it. Earth

there until they died.

By William ilisey Atkinson 28

can store. Just as cars have different

sizes of gas tank, various forests differ in their capacity for holding carbon.

When a forest reaches old-growth stage, its carbon tank is full and it is in equi librium. It takes from the atmosphere only as much carbon as it returns."

When an old-growth forest is har vested, Dr. Kimmins says, its carbon tank is emptied. Second-growth stands that arise to replace the old-growth then bind carbon for several hundred years, until carbon equilibrium is re-estab lished. Whether or not this benefits the

environment depends on what happens to the harvested wood.

"If the trees go to short-term uses such as toilet paper," Dr. Kimmins says, "their carbon returns to the atmosphere within a few weeks and there is no net

removal of CO^. But if the harvested wood goes to longer-lasting uses, its carbon remains locked away from the

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Pulp & Paper Industry Focus dimensions: how wide an area is affected, how deep into the

A spruce in a boreal forest may live for sixty years, a coastal Sequoia sempervirens for two millennia. At maturity, a tree stops binding carbon. At its death - whether quickly by fire or slowly by disease - its carbon is unlocked to the air, and the cycle restarts. air while replacement saplings bind new carbon. This cre ates a net atmospheric removal of CO,.

Long-lasting uses for wood include furniture, which may endure for hundreds of years, and building structures. From construction to teardown, the average LFS house lasts 65 years, and even then its wood may continue to function as a

biosphere the disruption goes, the time it takes an affected area to regain its biological productivity, and the area's eco logical significance. The computer model rates resource re movals from coastal rainforest as more significant than boreal forest, and much more significant than northem barrens.

He says the extent to which wood products are recycled in Canada, depends on use and region. "Warehouse pallets are made from low-grade wood. If individual planks are replaced as they wear out, a pallet may last for years. In big cities, a pallet that's worn beyond repair goes to a recycling facility that extracts the nails, then chips the wood for re use as fibreboard. Outside the cities, worn-out pallets usu ally go straight to landfill."

If such considerations sound mundane,consider the num

bers. Last year the US imported(US)$20 billion worth of lumber from Canadian forests. That's fifteen megatonnes

carbon sink.

of carbon withheld from the air.

"In anaerobic landfill, wood breaks down at three per cent or less per year," says Jamie Meil, Vice-President of the Athena Institute in Ottawa. "At these decay rates, it might not release all its stored carbon for a century or more."

Alternatively, notes Dr. Kimmins, wood from a demol ished house could be used as a feedstock to generate engine fuels such as methanol. This would place no more carbon into the air than allowing the wood to decay naturally. At the same time, it would displace its BTU equivalent in fos

"Obviously, the best thing for us to do would be to have everyone leave our forests alone and cycle to work," Dr. Kimmins says. "But since we aren't likely to do this in large

sil fuels.

to the environment."

numbers, it makes sense to maximize our forests' carbon ca

pacity by periodically skimming off their bound carbon. Har vesting lumber makes the forest a more efficient carbon sink."

Adds Mr. Meil; "In the bigger picture, the bad image that wood products often get from eco-activists is rarely de served. Building with wood can show a real commitment

Mr. Meil's institute, a spinoff from the R&D agency Forintek, looks at the broader context of wood use in build

Bill Atkinson is a science writer in North Vancouver.

ings. What demands would a proposed design make on the environment? How much of this eco-load stems from the

creation of building materials, and how much over a build ing's effective life? To what degree does this eco-load de pend on what happens to materials when a building is torn down? In constructing a computer model that addresses these issues, Mr. Meil and his associates have unearthed some interesting facts.

"Wood is less environmentally dismptive than many or most building materials," observes Mr Meil. "That is our inescap able conclusion. When you consider raw-resource consump tion, energy spent on extraction, transportation, and manufac turing, global warming potential, and generated wastes, wood

emerges as a clean, ecologically responsible material."

In resource extraction, the Athena model considers four

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Pulp & Paper industry Focus

Auger Monster saves reams at paper mill

TheHaverhill paperboard recy

cling facility in Massachusetts is saving on maintenance as well as raw material costs.

After replacing an inadequate bar screen, an Auger Monster dramati cally reduced maintenance time and costs and allowed significant vol umes of paper wastes that would have otherwise gone down the drain into the public sewer system to be returned to production.

The Haverhill plant produces some 380 tons a day of paperboard from 100% recycled paper. The plant produces rolled and flat paper-

ids are composed of paper fibre from the paper making process and other un wanted solids such as plastics, wood, boots, and rags. According to Opera tions Eneineer,Chris Manzer,the recov-

solids and chemicals from the

ground-up solids and leaves them in the flow stream. The cleaned sol ids are removed and sent to the in cinerator.

Design modifications were made to the Auger Monster to han dle the exceptionally heavy waste flows at the plant. This included double stacking the cutters to re duce the number of cutting edges, and upgrading to a 7.5 hp motor.

The modified Auger Monster

board for cereal boxes and other

packaging products. With a produc tion volume of some 130,000 tons a

year, the recycled raw material gen

Auger Monster helps Haverhill Paperboard recycle paper waste.

erates an enormous amount of wastes.

ery efficiency.

The Auger Monster, designed by JWC Environmental to entirely replace the bar screen, now grinds the large sol ids, washes the usable paper fibre, fine

was installed in the Fall of 1999 and

has been working exceptionally well since. According to Manzer,

ery system continually clogged with

it has resulted in a dramatic reduction

debris that the bar screen could not re

lection area where, prior to installation of the Auger Monster,a bar screen sepa

move, and the screen had to be manu

in maintenance requirements,from one man-hour a day to about one man-hour

ally cleared during system shutdown,

a week.

rated solids from the water. These sol

which lowered water and fibre recov

These wastes are directed to a col

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Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Pulp & Paper Industry Focus

Sixty percent of Canadian forests to be certified by 2003

Canadian forestry companies

are being certified for sustain able forest management at a much faster rate than origi nally forecast, Lise Lachapelle, presi dent of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association told the annual convention of the Northern Forest Products Asso

ciation, April 7, in Prince George, BC. Already, Canada has over 12 million hectares of forest certified to one of the

thi-ee leading standards,including Cana da's CSA. Much of that happened in 1999 "Xhis is more than double what

we predicted two years ago and accounts for 10 percent of Canada's managed for ests," she said.

In British Columbia alone, almost

every major producer has been certified under one of the standards or is work

ing towards that goal. A year ago, none were certified. By 2003, 60 percent of Canada's managed forests will be certi fied under CSA, ISO 14001 or Forest

Stewardship Council. Already, 20 divi

ing momentum not just for marketing

sions of nine different Canadian forest

reasons, but because certification is be

companies have been certified under the

ing viewed as an important benchmark for assuring good business practices.

Certification also provides transpar ency and accountability to the public, something the forestry industry wants.

"Canadians are counting on us to be good

ISO 14001 standard of the international

Organization for Standardization.

"Canada," said Lachapelle,"is work ing through international forums to en sure mutual recognition among accepted standards, like CSA, which was devel

stewai'ds of Canada's forests. Certifica

oped by the Canadian Standard Asso ciation in a transparent process with multi-stakeholder input. The goal of obtaining mutual recognition is to en sure an open marketplace and preserve the credibility of all major certification

tion is going to be a major part of how we keep that tmst and build on it," she said.

The forest industry has enthusiasti cally embraced sustainable forest man agement. Audits by international organi zations like the Organization for Eco nomic Cooperation and Development

standards. There is no room for a dou

ble standard or a shifting standard that can be manipulated by any special in terests to suit their particular agenda," said Lachapelle. "As an industry, we support the principle of equivalency."

The Canadian Pulp and Paper Asso ciation president said certification for sustainable forest management is gain

have found that Canada's forests are

expanding, not contracting. Land that is being harvested is also being regen erated promptly. The over 60 million hectares ofregenerated forest now grow ing will be a central focus of Canadian forestry in the 21st century. ❖

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(See page 25)

ion

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For more information, circie reply card No. 145 (See page 25)

Biosolids News

Solutions for measurement

& analysis Wastewater

Investigating the fate of ECDs in sewage biosoiids

Endocrine disrupting com

pounds(ECDs)are the latest fashionable trace organic con taminants that concern many people. Broadly speaking, ECDs are compounds that in "sufficiently high concentrations" can affect human, ani

analysis,storage

mal and fish hormonal systems result ing in reproductive disorders, sexual

tank measurement

features and cancers. ECDs include both natural and man-made chemicals such

& leak detection

as cortisone, testosterone, 17-b oestra-

diol, dioxins, DDT, DDE, alkyphenol ethoxylates, 4-nonylphenol, etc. The concern with ECDs as the latest envi

presumably had not been exposed to 4NP. Varying quantities of sewage biosolids, filtered-sterilized biosolids supernatant were added to selected soil samples to further study how biodegra dation rates of4-NP may be affected by a biosolids application program.

Dr. Topp reported that 4-NP miner alized rapidly in soils without a lag pe riod. The degradation rates were not affected by the soil properties. Since the degradation rates in the two soils ob tained from Canadian Arctic were simi

lar to the rates in the other soils. Dr. Topp concluded that the microorganisms re

MLGs

ronmental contaminants came to scien

- Magnetic level

tists' attention when English research

sponsible for the biodegradation are ubiquitous. 4-NP was not mineralized

ers noticed that some of the male fish

in soils, which had been sterilized by

caught in the rivers downstream of wastewater treatment plants displayed

eralization was achieved through bio

gauges

- Local indication - Alarm switches - Continuous

output - No leaks - No maintenance

Evita - Inline dissolved

oxygen meters

feminine features.

Nonylphenol ethoxylates(NPEs)are a major class of non-ionic surfactant.

- Conductance

actuated liquid level controls

The concern with ECDs as the

ionic surfactants are used by textile and

latest environmental contaminants

pulp and paper industries. NPEs can be biodegraded under both aerobic and

came to scientists' attention when

anaerobic conditions. Under anaerobic

down to form 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) which is more persistent, lipophilic and more toxic than the parent compounds.

tion effects were removed when the

Dr. Ed Topp, a senior scientist with Agriculture Canada recently completed a laboratory study to measure the per sistence and biodegradation of 4-NP in soils. 4-NP was added to soil samples to an equivalent concentration of 5 ug/ g; the soil samples were then incubated

samples were agitated to promote oxy

nadian STPs. In 1995, Environment

equipment

Canada added NPEs and 4-NP to the

second Priority Substances List for as

under aerobic conditions for various

lengths of time to study biodegradation rates. The soil used contained various

percentages of sand, silt, clay and pH and can be divided into major groups known as silt loam, sandy loam and loam. Two of the soil samples were obtained from the Canadian Arctic and

For more information, circle reply card No. 128

feminine features.

mental Protection Act.

g)in biosolids had been reported in Ca

detection

www.daviscontrols.com

treatment plants displayed

sessment under the Canadian Environ

- Tank leak

Oakvilte, 0NL6H 5R3 Tel:(905) 829-2000

rivers downstream of wastewater

The study further reported that bio degradation rates were not affected by the presence of sewage biosolids up to 1 mg of sewage biosolids/g of soil. Bio degradation rates are affected at higher concentrations of sewage biosolids present in the soil(50% v/v); the inhibi

to 13 ug/L (average 2.3 ug/L) in efflu ent and 8 to 850 ug/g (average 226 ug/

2200 Bristol Circle

English researchers noticed that some of the male fish caught in the

4-NP concentrations varied between 0.4

- Control panels

</>

logical activities. Half-life varied be tween 4.5 days to 16.7 days for the six different types of soils studied.

The demand for NPEs in Canada was estimated at 4.1 kilotonsin 1990. Non-

conditions, NPEs would be broken

Warrick

autoclaving, thus confirming that min

gen transfer. Dr. Topp also observed that degradation rates became slower as the temperature decreased, and with the soil being either too dry or too moist.

Based on the laboratory results, it was felt that the soil conditions during a nor mal Canadian growing season would be conducive to the biodegradation of 4NP in sewage biosolids.

Eor further information, contact;

Janice Patterson, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs,Tel: (519) 826-4109, E-mail:jpatters@oma fra.gov.on.ca.

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Stormwater Treatment

Cleaner water for 2000 Olympics In Sydney

Humeceptor™ oil and sediment interceptors have

been used in the construction of the Sydney 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games facilities at Homebush Bay, as well as the equestrian centre at Horsley Park, to treat stormwater run-off from roadways and car parking areas.

Leighton Contractors installed five Humeceptors in the construction of the rail link at Homebush Bay, while Thiess Contractors completed the southern car park with a total of four Humeceptors. The civil works for the equestrian cen tre were completed using one Humeceptor installed by Daracon Engineering.

Humeceptor reduces the impact of stormwater run-off from roadways and car park areas, removing up to 97.8% of free oils and up to 80% of total suspended solids. Its patented internal high flow by-pass prevents infrequent high storm flows from scouring and re-suspending previously trapped pollutants, flushing them into creeks and rivers downstream.

Numerous independent field studies have proven its ef fective performance and ability to capture and retain sedi ment particles with diameters of less than 100 microns.

Recent Australian research (Ball 1996 and Drapper 1999) has shown that sediment washed from vehicular pavements is typically less than 100 microns in diameter. It is this fine sediment which is a priority to remove because it adsorbs toxicants such as trace metals and smothers in-stream aquatic habitats. Other types of pollutant traps typically capture a majority of the coarser sediment (larger than 150 microns) making them ineffective for treating the problem.

Because of the tight construction schedule for the Olym-

K ^oeptor

pic project, speed of installation was another important as pect of the specification. Humeceptor is a precast concrete device which can be readily installed on-site, similar to ac cess chambers. Once the hole is excavated, the device can

be installed within an hour or two of delivery to site.

For the designer, the low headloss through Humeceptor with a K value of 1.3, reduces the impact of installing a pollutant trap within the drainage system and minimizes the risk of upstream flooding, particularly when used in retrofit applications.

For more information, circle reply card No. 208

_

ACLAE

By Gavin Heitman, CSR Humes, Australia

CAEAL

-

What quality standard does your lab meet?

Check our Web site: www.caeal.ca

or call us at:(613)233-5300 Quality Assurance For Environmental Laboratories

• Proficiency testing •ISO/IEC Guide 25 and ISO/IEC 17025

accreditation audits (with accreditation

by the Standards Council of Canada) The Canadian Association for

Environmental Analytical Laboratories Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

For more information, circle reply card No. 158 (See page 25)

Infrastructure

Big Pipe wili open up phase 1 deveiopment lands in Milton, Ontario

Ground has been broken on

the first phase of Halton Region's ambitious plan to open up development in the

Milton, Ontario, area in accordance with

the Halton Urban Structure Program (HUSP). This program was initiated in the late 80s with the objective of plan ning orderly and responsible growth within the Region.

Between 1989 and 1994 numerous studies were carried out under the envi ronmental assessment framework to en

sure that all social, economic, environ mental and technical Issues were ad

dressed in developing the plan, which later underwent numerous reviews and refinements.

Funding has been secured for the first phase of the plan which includes design and construction of major trunk water and wastewater mains along Regional Road 25 (formerly Highway 25) from Oakville to Milton. The trunk mains are

now collectively known as "The Big Pipe", and are a $30 million component of the total $98 million infrastructure

cost for the first phase.

The HUSP planning process carried out by the Region over the past ten years has led to the identification and associ

ated phasing of developable land within the Milton and North Oakville areas.

The first phase of development is re ferred to as the Milton Southeast Devel

opment Area. To allow this first phase of development to proceed, the plan identified'a need for a new trunk water

main along the Regional Road 25 corri dor, from a new Zone 5 pumping sta tion at Upper Middle Road in Oakville, to Derry Road at the south end of the existing built-up area in Milton.

In addition, the need for a trunk

wastewater main within the Regional Road 25 corridor was identified to con

vey wastewater from the new develop ment area in Milton, southerly beyond Upper Middle Road, for ultimate treat ment at an expanded Mid-Halton wastewater treatment plant along the QEW highway. This work is being funded by the developers, not by existing taxpay-

By Wayne Concessi, P. Eng. Dillon Consulting Limited

Trunk water and wastewater main construction aiong Regionai Road 25.

Photo - Jeff Williams, Dillon

ers, and there will be no new debt load to lected to carry out the design/build as the Region. signment. A $75,000 honorarium was The Region required that the first paid to the unsuccessful teams. phase of HUSP be quickly implemented The D'Orazio-Walter Joint Venture to meet immediate development needs. team members and their associated work They also required some assurance that assignments are as follows; costs would not increase, since up-front 1. D'Orazio Infrastructure Group - to funding was provided by the benefitting construct 15.5 km of 900 mm diameter trunk water main and 15.5 km of 825 developers. The Region looked at vari ous alternative service delivery methods mm to 2400 mm diameter wastewater to meet these objectives. Ultimately, a trunk sewer and force main; design/build approach was selected for 2. Walter Construction Canada Ltd.- to the major trunk mains, with the expec construct an 1,100 L/s sewage pumping tation that this component (being the station north of Lower Baseline Road; largest component of the first phase) 3. Greater Toronto Consulting Group could meet the tight schedule under this (comprising Dillon Consulting Ltd., method of service delivery and that the Acres and Associated Ltd. and R.V. work would be done for a fixed price, Anderson Associates Ltd.)-to carry out i.e. no surprises. all design, approvals and Quality Assur The Region utilized a two-step proc ance/Quality Control functions. ess for identifying, evaluating and se The Region indicated that the selec lecting the team to design and construct tion of the preferred team was based on the trunk mains. The first step involved a superior design, on the handling of the a request for Expressions of Interest environmental, traffic, and public com

(EOI)from interested teams. Nine EOI

munications issues, and on the team's

submissions were received by the Re gion outlining project understanding, qualifications and innovation that each could bring to the project. The second step involved short-listing the nine sub

past experience.

In putting a winning proposal to gether, the D'Orazio-Walter Joint Ven

missions to three, for more detailed de

sign/build proposals. The detailed pro posals were received and reviewed by the Region in February 1999, and the D'Orazio-Walter Joint Venture was se

34

ture carried out an extensive review of

the project background and carefully considered the Region's requirements for this project. On this basis, a design was developed which was innovative, but at the same time met the Region's design criteria and standards, and also

Environmental Science & Engineering. June 2000

Infrastructure

met all scheduling requirements.

Several of these proposal and post-proposal innovations are briefly described: 1) Value Engineering -The Joint Venture recognized the impor tance of including a Value Engi neering(VB)step at the proposal stage to ensure a competitive bid, and to provide added value to the Region early on in the process.

After award of the project, an ad ditional Value Engineering Work shop was held, with the full par ticipation of Region of Halton design and operations staff. This

length and diameter of the force main,as well as the preferred site for the pump station.

MILTON

OerryRoad

A detailed review of the tun

nel vs. pumping station schemes by the D'Orazio-Walter Joint

Sixteen Mile Creek

termain Crossing nnel)

Proposed vvastewater Trunk Main

Venture confirmed that the Proposed Wastewater Pumping Station

pumping station option was pre ferred. However,two significant changes to this option were sug gested to reduce the overall cost and to improve system operation.

The first change was to move the proposed pumping station site from privately-owned agri

ised Trunk wralermain

(Hatton Waste Management Site) BURLINGTON OAKVILLE

ZoneSPum^^ Upper Middle Rd

MidWaRon

cultural land, several kilometres

allowed further refinement of the

project with buy-in by all, and demonstrated further value added LAKE ONTARIO

during the final design stage.

2)Pumping Station-There were several items considered in the

• Proposed Wastewater Trunk Main ~^

Proposed Trunk Watermain

VE session related to the pro posed sewage pumping station.

In the Request For Proposal, the

Region indicated that a prior as-

HALTON DESIGN/BUILD - TRUN K WATER

to the north, to property already owned by the Region (the Halton Waste Management Site). There was ample space available on the site and existing landscaping pro vided a buffer to visually screen the pumping station from Re gional Road 25. This revised lo

AND WASTEWATER MAINS("BIG PIPE")

cation also reduced the overall

courtesy of Region of Halton and Dillon,

sessment had been carried out to compare the cost of a gravity tunnel through the Trafalgar Moraine, versus a pump station/force main combination. On the

basis of this prior analysis, the pumping station/force main combination was preferred and the Region had developed this option to the point of specifying the

project cost by eliminating the need to purchase property and by replac ing a section of deep sewer with less costly, shallow force main.

Continued overleaf

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Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

For more information, circie reply card No. 130

(See page 25)

35

Infrastructure

The second change was to re configure the pumping station from the Region's wet well/dry well standard to submersible. This change simplified maintenance requirements, improved worker safety and reduced overall cost.

3)Sixteen Mile Creek Tunnel-In addi tion to the benefits derived from the

Value Engineering session, it was also noted by the Joint Venture that creative means of crossing a major branch of Six teen Mile Creek just south of Derry Road would be required. In consulta tion with the Halton Region Conserva tion Authority, the Joint Venture agreed to tunnel this crossing (at higher cost than open cut construction), leaving the creek and its banks intact and avoiding the environmental impacts which can occur with open cut construction at a sensitive creek crossing. Further, by

Suppliers

bers.

Avoidance - Subsequent to contract

MNR "no construction" window from

have continued to pursue innovative ways of implementing the project and adding value to the Region. When the proposal for this project was originally

April I to June 15,is not invoked, avoid ing a potential conflict with an already very tight construction schedule.

4) Partnering Workshop - The Region of Halton has been very progressive in pursuing a Design/Build approach for the design and construction of the ma jor trunk water and wastewater mains along Regional Road 25. Consistent with this progressive approach, a two day partnering workshop was held after selection of the preferred Design/Build team to foster team-building and coop eration among all parties to the agree ment.

Key decision-makers were nomi nated to attend this facilitated session in

cluding staff from all of the Region de partments involved, as well as repre sentatives of the contractors, the consult

ITT Flygt - pump supplier Hyprescon Inc. - watermain and sewer forcemain supplier Hanson Pipe and Products Canada inc. - gravity sewer, maintenance holes and watermain valve cham

tunneling this crossing rather than us ing open cut construction, the HRCA/

ing engineers, the suppliers and the de velopers. A Partnering Agreement was signed by all parties at the conclusion of the session which confirmed and fos

tered a mutual understanding of the roles and responsibilities of all parties.

5)Environmentally Sensitive Area(ESA)

award, the Joint Venture team members

submitted, the contract limits for the

wastewater trunk sewer were Derry Road to the north and Upper Middle Road to the south.

The downstream portion of trunk sewer between Upper Middle Road and the Mid-Halton Sewage Treatment Plant had been previously designed by others and had already been tendered for con struction. However, it was noted that this wastewater trunk sewer was to con

tinue south of Upper Middle Road through an ESA within the Fourteen Mile Creek Valley. This routing required both a multi-barrel syphon under the main branch ofFourteen Mile Creek and

an above-grade crossing of a major tributary of the creek. The environmen tal implications of this routing, as well as the potential maintenance problems associated with the multi-barrel syphon, prompted the D'Orazio-Walter Joint Venture to re-assess other alternatives

for this downstream trunk sewer.

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SALES AND ENGINEERING LIMITED lyiETi SALES S. ENGINEERING LIMITED,,

36

15 Connie Ores., Units, Concord, Ontario, L4K 1L3 • Tel; (905) 738-2355, Fax:(905) 738-5520 E-mail: metcon@metconeng.com • Web site: www.metconeng.com

For more information, circle reply card No. 132 (See page 25)

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Infrastructure

The re-assessment resulted in a pro posal to the Region to re-route the trunk wastewater main around the ESA by staying within the Regional Road 25 right-of-way, thereby also avoiding the need for both the multi-barrel siphon and the above-grade crossing of the tribu tary watercourse. This was achieved at lower total cost than the tendered cost

for the original routing through the ESA. Due to the value added, the Region agreed to extend the original D'OrazioWalter Joint Venture contract to a point south of Upper Middle Road to include the proposed re-routed section of wastewater trunk main.

Project Status Construction began on the trunk water and wastewater mains north of

Dundas Street (through the Elighway 407/Regional Road 25 interchange) on January 24, 2000. With concurrent de sign and construction, coordination of several field crews and by working closely with review agencies and regu latory authorities to obtain the required approvals and permits, project comple tion is anticipated in the Fall of 2000.

For more information, circle reply card No. 209

RWDI ENVIRONMENTAL OPPORTUNITIES ROWAN WILLIAMS DAVIES & IRWIN INC.(RWDI)is a consulting engineering firm specializing in environmental air quality engineering, wind engineering, the microclimate, noise, acoustics and vibration, and industrial process flows. We are a firm of over 180 professional and support staff, with offices in Guelph, Ontario, and Calgary, Alberta, Canada, servicing an international clientele. Due to continued growth, we are looking for consultants, project coordinators, field technologists, and project engineers/scientists for our environmental area.

Experience working in a consulting environment using practical ap plications and problem solving skills, excellent communication, com puter, and analytical capabilities, a professional engineering accredita tion or the ability to obtain professional designation (for engineering positions only) is required. Please forward a resume and cover letter in confidence to:

E-mail: recruiting@rwdi.com

Human Resources Co-ordinator

Fax:(519)823-1316

Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin Inc. 650 Woodlawn Road West

Web site: www.rwdi.com

Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIK 1B8 Only those selectedfor an interview will be contacted. RWDI endorses and practices the principles ofequal opportunity employment.

CG&S CH2/M Gore & Storrie Limited

EnvironWipnlal Engineers, Planners, and Scientists CG&S provides innovative, practical, and sustainable solutions for public and private

sector clients in the fields of Water, Wastewater, Site Management, Waste Management, Ecosystem Management, and Management & Information Systems. www.ch2m.com

255 Consumers Road, Toronto, Ontario M2J 5B6

Tel:(416) 499-9000 Fax:(416) 499-4687 General Inquiries: (416) 499-0090 ext. 307 or askcgs@ch2m.com Waterloo

519-579-3500

Ottawa

613-723-8700

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403-237-9300

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604-684-3282

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

For more information, circle reply card No. 133 (See page 25)

37

Pump Design

Why you can get rough running pumps More attention to sump design is needed

Pumpsump design is often an aspectthatis notgiven

the attention that it deserves. Flow that arrives at

a pump inlet badly skewed or distributed can result in uneven loading on the impeller, rough running and a drop in performance. Surface or submerged vortices may be sufficiently developed that an air core is drawn into the pump. When this happens, the impeller encounters a low pressure pocket that causes the pump to vibrate and, subsequently, the bearings to wear out. If the vortex is se vere, cavitation damage is sometimes visible on the blades.

Despite the advances in numerical modelling, it is still not sufficiently developed to simulate the flow conditions

By Graham K. Holder, Eng., LaSalie Consulting Group Inc.

in a pump well. Flows are fully 3-D and highly complex and are best investigated in a physical model.

Model tests should ideally be carried out at the design

stage so as to ensure satisfactory performance of the pumps over the range of expected operations. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. The LaSalle Consulting Group have model tested many poor layouts over the years that have exhibited problems.

A physical model, at a Froude scale of between 1/4 and 1/20, depending on the size of the prototype, is constructed in the laboratory. The area around the pumps,as well as the pumps themselves, are made of clear plexiglas so as to visu ally follow the flows to the pumps. The pumps have no mechanical parts and flows are simulated using a siphon principle.

Tests are first carried out to identify a "worst case" sce

nario of pump operation. This normally occurs at mini mum operation level when approach velocities are high and submergence minimal. Flows are often turbulent around the pumps and surface vortices form more readily at the low level. Occasionally though, higher levels generate

greater mass movement in the pump well and a risk of vor KMK CONSULTANTS LIMITED

tex formation also. Both these conditions are checked in

Consulling Engineers, Project Managers Ecological Planners, Landscape Architects

the model, with the flow being followed with injections of red dye tracer. Zero pitch propellers (vortimeters),installed at the pump impellers, are used to identify any pre-rotation

KMK DESIGN BUILD LTD. Design Building of Municipal and Industrial Infrastructure

Brampton (905) 459-4780 Pickering (905)837-0314

or swirl that, if severe, could affect pump performance.

Following identification of a "worst case" scenario, modi

Kitchener (519)743-6111 Cobalt (705)679-5979

fications to the flow boundaries are made and then the flow

E-maii: kmk@kmk.on.ca

conditions re-checked in the model. This "cut and try" ap

For more information, circle reply card No. 146

proach is used until a satisfactory solution is obtained. While this method may appear somewhat arduous,it normally goes quite quickly. We rely heavily on the wide range of prob

(See page 25)

lems that we have dealt with (over 50 model studies) and

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email:

Dedkated to developing practical solutions to a community's servicing needs.

For more information, circle reply card No. 134 (See page 25)

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Pump Design

MacViro

Designing Environmental dr Energy Solutions MacViro Consultants Inc.is a growth company and is seeking to fill the following career-chal lenging and rewarding positions:

Senior Water and Wastewater Engineer(s) 1

■

with a minimum of seven(7) years of relevant experience in the municipal sector. Candidates

will be able to demonstrate substantial proc ess and detail design experience. Must have a P.Eng. designation. The position(s) have dis tinct potential for candidates to attain the roles of Practice or Business Leader in their relevant

discipline.

• Intermediate Water and Wastewater

Engineer(s) with a minimum of three(3) years of experience. Successful candidates will have

relevant experience in planning, approvals, de sign and contract administration.

• Electrical / Automation Design Engineer with a minimum of three(3) years experience in detailed design of electrical / control / pro gramming in the water and wastewater fields.

• Environmental Site Assessment and

A vortex from the surface enters the pump.

Remediation Specialists - (2 positions) En vironmental Scientists. Engineers or Technolo gists with at least five(5) years experience for the senior position and at least two (2) years experience for the intermediate position in en vironmental site assessment and remediation.

solutions found on earlier projects.

On finding a satisfactory modification for the "worst case"

scenario, a final series of tests is made where the full range of water levels and pump operations are verified on the model.

As each pump well is site specific, a model test should be conducted at the design stage in each case. However, as

a guide to the designer, a good preliminary layout should include the following features: • bellmouth near to sump floor; C = 1/3 to 1/2 D where D = bellmouth diameter; • pump close to back wall

tto backwall distance = 3/4 D; • flat sump floor; • sump width = 2 D; • pump submergence S > 1 1/2 D; • long approach from upstream obstruction: L > 4 D; • velocity of approach < 0.3 m/s;

• maximum angle of divergence between intake and pump bays 20°.

Features to avoid are:

• undersized penstocks or gates that create jets; • abrupt changes in flow direction that lead to flow separa

• Landflll Design Engineer - Engineer with at least five(5) years experience in the design of landfill sites.

• Intermediate Municipal Infrastructure Design and Construction Engineer with a minimum of five (5) years experience. Suc cessful candidates will have relevant experi ence in planning, approvals, design and con struction.

• Construction Inspector with a minimum of five (5) years experience in the construction of municipal infrastructure projects as well as water and wastewater facilities.

MacViro is a leading firm of consulting engineers specializing in environment and energy solutions.

The company offers interesting work, advance ment opportunity, competitive salaries, benefits, and an opportunity for bonuses.

Please send resumes via mail; fax or e-mail to the attention of:

Elle-Mai Saar, Administration Secretary

tion and flow instabilities;

MacVh'o Consultants Inc.

• rapidly diverging passages (flow separation and instabili

90 Allstate Parkway #600

ties);

Markham ON L3R 6H3

• steep slopes (flow separation and instabilities);

Fax:

(905)475-5994

• skew flow that causes flow concentrations.

E-mail:

esaar@macviro.com

For more information, circie reply card No. 135 Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

39

Industry Update

US drinking water and wastewater systems face huge funding shortfalls

USFilter Folded Flow™ DAF technology Is a WEF award-winner

The United States' 54,000 drinking water systems and 16,000 wastewater systems face staggering infrastructure

funding needs of nearly $1 trillion over the next 20 years and a shortfall of a half of a trillion dollars, according to Clean and Safe Waterfor the 21st Century. The figures were released by the Water In frastructure Network(WIN). Although America's drinking water and waste-

water systems spend $23 billion per year for infrastructure, they face an annual shortfall of another $23 billion to replace aging facilities and comply with exist ing and future federal water regulations, the report says.

WIN is calling on the federal govern ment to make investment in the critical

drinking water and wastewater infrastracture a national priority. Failure to meet these clean and safe water investment

needs of the next 20 years risks reversing the public health, economic and environ mental gains of the last three decades.

"The benefits of drinking water and

The Folded Flow™ dissolved air

flotation system, developed by USFilter's Envirex Products, won

the 1999 Innovative Technology Award from the Water Environ ment Federation. The award fol lows demonstration of enhanced

liquid-solid separation efficiency in several commercial applica tions.

Conventional dissolved air flo

The award-winning Foided Fiow™ DAF unit by

tation separation tanks introduce

USFilter's Envirex Products.

raw wastewater to one end of the tank and remove clarified effluent from

the opposite end. In the Folded Flow dissolved air flotation system, inlet and outlet are at the same end of the rectan

gular tank.

Says Envirex Products research and development director Peter Petit, "This simple change in geometry dramatically

enhances dissolved air flotation liquidsolid separation efficiency. Hydraulic loading can be increased by a factor of two to three times while maintaining effluent quality. Equipment footprint is correspondingly reduced."

For details, contact Daniel Lalor, Tel:(414)547-0141.

WIN. "Yet local governments and rate payers mustfund 90 percent of clean and

portation systems,fight crime, and pro

safe water infrastructure costs while

emment should not make communities

wastewater infrastructure to the nation's

grappling with competing needs to edu

well-being cannot be overstated," says

cate children, maintain roads and trans-

choose between providing safe and clean water and funding other necessary community programs. Nor should fami lies be forced to pay unaffordable water

ivcUer resourcesp/unntng water supply, trausmissiou and treatment

Environmental consulting engineers and scientists specializing in

rates. Better solutions are needed."

Without a significantly enhanced fed eral role in providing assistance to drink ing water and wastewater infrastructure,

wastewater collection and treatment

electrical engineering, instrumentation and controls

Acres &

Associated

municipal infrastructure services

A

solid waste and hazardous materials management

geo-environmental investigations and site remediation environmental assessments and planning environmental health and safety

Environmental Limited

525-21 Four Seasons Place, Toronto, Ontario MOB 6J8•Tel(416)622-9502•Fax(416)622-6249 4342 Queen Street, Niagara Falls, Ontario L2E 6W1•Tel(005)374-4470•Fax(905)374-8365

Four decades of excellence in infrastructure planning Ex engineering

vide social services. The federal gov-

Ainlev CONSULTING ENGINEERS PLANNERS

critical investments will not occur, the

report notes. According to WIN, there are a number of possible solutions.

These include grants, trust funds,loans, and incentives for private investment.

"So,the question is not whether the fed eral government should take more re sponsibility for drinking water and wastewater improvements," says WIN, "but how?"

Outstanding Municipal Award

BARRIE

BELLEVILLE

COLLINGWOOD

(705) 726-3371 (613) 966-4243 (705)445-3451

OTTAWA

(613)822-1052

Creating euiatity Solutions Together

The ALTECH Group www.altech-group.com Environmental and OHS professionals providing consulting, scientific and engineering services.

• EMS & ISO 14000 capability • Phase I & II investigations and remediation • Technology development and implementation PRODUCTIVITY

40

CREATIVITY

The City of Brantford has received the "1999 Outstanding Municipal Award", in recognition of their vision of environ mental responsibility and their contin ued efforts to improve in all areas of en vironmental performance.

One hundred submissions were con

12 Banigan Drive Toronto, Ontario

sidered from across Ontario, and the

M4H 1E9

City of Brantford was found to have dis played impressive diversion rates through recycling, source reduction, re use and composting.

Tel:(416)467-5555

Fax:(416)467-9824

EXCELLENCE

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Industry Update

Sustaining Canada's

R.V. Anderson Associates Limited consuming engineers, architects, technology managers

forests Almost half of Canada's land area is

Water, Wastewater, Transportation, Urban Development and Telecommunication Technologies

covered by forests and wise use of this resource has importance on a global scale. According to the Timber Harvest ing indicator bulletin in the National

For employment and project development opportunities visit our web site: www.rvanderson.com

Environmental hidicators Series, timber

Toronto(416)497-8600 E-mail; Toronto@RVAndersan.com

harvest levels have more than doubled

Welland Ottawa Sudbuiy London Moncton Fredericton Charlottetown Bombay,India

since the late 1950s and, in some areas,

local timber supply shortages have been reported. The bulletin also shows that the annual area successfully regenerated to commercial species has increased 23% since 1991,largely due to increased planting efforts in the 198Gs. Although the total area affected by

Environmental, Transportation & Industrial Engineering

Creating Value Through Service and Innovation British Columbia

insect disturbances has declined since

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Ontario

the 1980s, consecutive years of insect defoliation have had a considerable im

Telephone: 604.293.141 1

www.ae.ca

ASSOCIATED ENGINEERING

pact on forest ecosystems in the Atlan tic Maritime and Boreal Shield Eco-

zones. Forest fires - another important element in forest change- were particu larly severe in 1994 and 1995 when an average of 6.37 million hectares burned

C.C. TATHAM & ASSOCIATES LTD. CONSULTING ENGINEERS - SITE PLANNERS - LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

Specialists in a comprehensive range of Environmental and Munlcipai Engineering

- close to four times the area burned in 1993.

Collingwood

Orillia

Tel.(705)444-2565 EMail: lnfo@cctatham,com

Atmospheric mercury

Tel.(705) 325-1753

Bracebridge Tel.(705) 645-7756 Web: www.cctatham.com

Mercury as the silvery stuff in the bot tom of the thermometer can become an

airbome toxin that travels long distances in the atmosphere before finally com ing down to earth through precipitation or dry deposition. An Environment Canada team has been studying airborne mercury at Esther, in southeastern Al berta, as part of a national research pro gram to investigate airborne mercury in different regions of Canada.

Career Advancement Employment Services m

Permaneat & Contract Placement Recruiters

Engineering

Phone:(905)681-8240

Management Financial

Fax:(905)639^1 Computer

Technical

Q.A

Email:j^lip@sprintca Administration

Sales

"Specializing in Environmental Candidates for Environmental Clients"

The research aims to better under

stand where the mercury comes from, where it ends up, and how it moves through the air. Research findings so far show that air masses reaching the monitoring site from the east or south, which have spent more time over the continent, tend to bring higher mercury concentrations than air masses arriving from the west, which have traveled rap idly from the northeast Pacific to the site.

The air masses which have spent more time over the continent have had a great er time to accumulate mercury emis

CH2IVI Gore & Storrie Limited

Environmental Engineers, Planners and Scientists 255 Consumers Road, Toronto, Ontario M2J 5B6

phone:(416) 499-9000, fax:(416) 499-4687 direct dial: (416) 499-0090 -b ext.

Barrle • Calgary • Ottawa • Thorold Toronto • Vancouver • Waterloo

Consolidated Giroux Environment Inc. Dredging (since 1971)

sions from Canada and the US. Two

other findings were that forest fire smoke is associated with higher mercury

• Dewaterlng • Pumping • Weed Harvester •Tailings relocation • Hazardous Waste Reduction

concentrations at Esther, and that emis

•High Speed Decanter Centrifuges

sions of mercury from the soil were an important source, especially in the spring.

Tel: (506) 684-5821 E-mail: cgiroux@nb.sympatico.ca

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Fax:(506) 684-1915 Web site: www.GIROUXiNC.com 41

Industry Update Water rates manual

in partnership with

A

National Research Council Canada

Tel: 613-744-6001

Crechem Technologies Inc.

Fax: 613-744-0573

The Ontario Water Works Association

www.crechem.com

has published its 1999 Survey ofMunici pal Water Rates & Operations Bench marking in Ontario. The report contains the results of responses from 115 mu nicipal water systems in Ontario. These systems serve about seven million peo ple, along with industrial, commercial

Simulation-assisted Design 1200 Montreal Rd.

• pollution prevention/treatment • cleaner manufacturing/processing innovative environmental technologies

now available

BIdg. M-2, 2"" Floor Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0R6

and institutional customers. Because of Toronto• Ottawa

DELCAN

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ENVIRONMENTAL DIVISION Vancouver• Victoria

Specializing in:

• Drainage Planning

• IVofer & Wastewater Systems

• Hydro-technical Services

Corporate Office: 133 Wynford Drive

• Industrial Treatment

• Environmental Impact

Toronto, Ontario M3C 1K1

• Stormwater Management

• Environmental Planning

Fax:(416) 441-4131

Tel:(416)441-4111

OILIjON

•Infrastructure

•Communities

•Environment

•Facilities

the extent of the responses, OWWA feels that this report truly represents a crosssection of the present practices in Ontario regarding rates and other opera tional parameters.

The report, now in its seventh edi tion, can provide all involved in the water supply business, with information valuable to their organizations includ ing: operations, suppliers, consultants, regulators, and financial managers. Call the OWWA office at:(416)252-7060 to order, at a cost of $ 100.

Hershel Guttman receives

CONSULTTNC

George Fuller Award

Vancouver • Yellowknife • Calgary • Winnipeg • Windsor • Chatham Condon • Cambridge• Toronto • Ottawa • Iqalnit • fredericton Moncton • Halifax • Tort Hawkeshnry • Sydney • International 100 SheppardAvenue East, Toronto, Ontario M2K 6N5 (416)229-4646 www.diHon.ca

Duke Engineering n& Services(Canada),Inc. A Duke Energy Company Ottawa

• Environmental Audits/Site Assessments

(613) 232-2525

• Fractured Rock Hydrogeology • Environmental Management and Compliance

Toronto

(905) 513-9400

• Flydrogeologic/Performance Assessment Modeling • Site Remediation

V

Calgary (403) 262-4885

• Risk Assessment

FUNGI & BACTERIA ID & ENUMERATION

v' TOTAL SPORE COUNTS(AIR-O-CELL BURKARD. ALLERGENCO)

The Ontario Water Works Association,

V

INDOOR ALLERGEN TESTING

V

SEWAGE CONTAMINATION IN BUILDINGS

V

MA TERIALS, PARTICLE & DUST CHARACTERIZATION

Association (AWWA), has selected

V

FULL PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION & SIZING

V

DUST MITES/ MOTH SCALES & ARTHROPOD FRAGMENTS

V

ASBESTOS/ LEAD / METALS /SILICA / CHEMISTRY

Hershel Guttman to be the recipient of the highest AWWA Section honour, the George Warren Fuller Award.

The George Warren Fuller Award is presented to Hershel as a member of the Association, for his distinguished serv ice to the water supply profession over the last 30 years. The award commemo rates the sound engineering skill, the brilliant diplomatic talent, and the con structive leadership of George Warren Fuller, and is given to members in this

a Section of the American Water Works

EMSL Analytical, Inc. participates in the AIHA EMPATprogram

www.cnisl.com

107 Haddon Avenue. Westmonl, NJ USA 08108

1-800-220-3675

GAP EnviroMicrobial Ser\nceslnc/\ 9L

P\

Microbiology Laboratory & Consulting Cryptosporidium & Giardia Microorganism Identification Rapid E.coli recreational water

Microbial Training Consulting Services Respirometry

1020 Hargrieve Road, London, Ontario. N6E1P5 Telephone: 519-681-0571 Fax: 519-681-7150

Association who characterize his life.

This award was officially presented to Hershel at the June 2000 Annual Con ference held in Denver.

42

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Industry Update

Stanley Mason, P.Eng., and Bill Boriase, P.Eng., join ES&E's Editorial Advisory Board

a

Gartner

gig

Limited bgc engineering inc.

"As a strategic alliance member, Gartner Lee offers more comprehensive services to its clients

The President of Terminal City Iron Works Ltd., Stanley Mason,P.Eng., has joined ES&E's Editorial Advisory Board. Stan has often been helpful to ES&E in the past and he and I have met

in BC, Alberta and the North."

a Member of ^ivironmental

Sfeve Morison, Gartner Lee Limited

Manager - Alberta and Northern Canada Tel:(867) 633-6474, smorison@gartnerlee.com

at conferences on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. He is a Past President of

Strategies ALLIANCE

Geomatrix Consultants Engineers, Geologists, and Environmental Scientists

EACE, a position he took over from Quebec's Pat Bourgeois in 1979.(FACE

We have moved!

is now called the Canadian Water &

Our new address is:

'Industrial Woter/Wosfewoter Treofmenf

■ Wasfe Minimization/Wostewafer Reuse/Recycle

Wastewater Association). Stan is a

■ Treatment System Upgrode/Optimizafion

former Chair of the BCW&WA and

Suite No. 1\465 Phillip Street

numbers among his many distinctions,

Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C7

■ Treatment System Design and Construction ■ ISO 14000 - Environmental Management Systems

the AWWA's Fuller Award.

Tel:(519)886•7500 Fax:(519)886•7419

HOC ENGINEERING Noise Vibration Acoustics

Howe Gastmeier Chapnik

vvww.geomatrix.com

Noise Vibration and Acoustics 2000 Argentia Road, Plaza 1, Suite 203 Mississauga, Ontario L5N1P7 (905) 826-4044, Fax 826-4940 www.hgcengin8ering.com LIMITED

Experts at wastewater process audits, process optimization, and process design

Hydromantis,Inc. Bill Boriase, P.Eng.

Consulting Engineers

Photo - Steve Davey

Bill Boriase, P.Eng., has been em ployed by the City of Winnipeg, Water and Waste Departmentfor over 30 years.

As Manager of Wastewater Services, he has overall responsibility for the City's

Lotowater ltd.

wastewater collection, wastewater treat

Ifydrogeological Consultants and

1685 Main Street West, Suite 302, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 1G5

Tel:(905)522-0012 Fax;(905)522-0031

» Design and supervision of groundwater exploration programs » New munidpal well design » Assessment of groundwater/surface water interaction

Groundwater Supply Specialists

ment and biosolids disposal programs, flood control and land drainage works.

Bill received his undergraduate and post graduate education at the Univer sity of Manitoba, and he is an active

info@hydromantis.com

► Groundwater protection

11 Years and

» Artificial rectiarge ' Hydrogeology studies and groundwater Impact assessments • Lanijflll monitoring and impact assessment

Still Flowing

' Well maintenance, retiabilitalion, performance improvement Mail:

P.O. Box 451, Paris, Ontario N3L 3T5

Office: 326 Grand River St. North

Paris. Ontario N3L 4A5

member in the Water Environment Fed

eration (WEE), the Western Canada

Phone: (519) 442-2066

' Well construction

' Video inspection services

' Performance testing of wells and pumps Fax: (519) 442-7242

e-mail: lwatef@wjridchat.com

Water and Wastewater Association

(WCWWA)and the Water Environment Association of Ontario (WEAO). He presently serves on the WEE Board of Directors representing Western Canada.

He is a frequent and welcome visitor at 5S and other Ontario gatherings:

MacViro Designing Environmental ^ Energy Solutions Consulting Engineers, Planners and Scientists, Specializing In the Environment

I am honoured that these two distin

guished Western engineers have agreed to serve on our Board.

Tom Davey Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

MacViro Consultants Inc.

90 Allstate Parkway, Suite 600, Markham, Ontario L3R SMS

(905) 475-7270

E-Mail: 103700.2767@compuserve.com

Fax: (905) 475-5994

43

Industry Update

GL&V acquires Environmental Equipment & Systems, Inc.

'environmental site assessments

MALROZ

•risk assessment/management

Engineering Inc.

•site remediation

GL&V/Dorr-Oliver Inc. has acquired the assets of Environmental Equipment

•waste management

& Systems, Inc. The company is being integrated directly into GL&V/Dorr-

Kingston Ottawa

(613)548-3446 (613)521-8258

•hydrogeology

Oliver Inc., a member of GL&V's Proc

ess Group whose technology and equip ment platform is targeted to diversified

k

industrial markets such as chemicals,

Marshall Macklin

pulp and paper, mining, mineral process ing, metallurgy and the environment.

These new operations will contribute sales of some $3 million annually to

Monaghan

CONSULTINQ ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS • PUVNNERS

Specialists in Environmental Planning and Engineering, Hydrogeology, Waste Management and Water Resources

GL&V's revenues.

Toronto, Calgary, Mississauga, Whitby 80 Commerce Valley Drive East, ThomhIII, ON L3T 7N4

CPPA Increases on-line

Telephone: 905-882-1100 FAX: 905-882-0055

E-mail: mmm@mmm.ca

M

m I

http://www.mmm.ca

polyethylene pipe

A Chemex Labs Alberta / Novamann International Partnership

Analytics Inc

Calgary

Ontario

Comprehensive Environmental Testing National Service

Certified/Accredited

5540 McAdam Road

2021-41 Avenue N.E.

Mississ^ga, ON L4Z IPI

Calgary, AB T2E 6P2

Tel:(90S)890-2555 Fax:(905)890-0370

Tel :(403)291-3077

Quibec

Edmonton 9331 -48th Street

Fax:(403)291-9468

9420 C6te de Liesse

Source Emissions

Occupational Health Rush Analysis

Lachine.QC H8T lAI

Edmonton. AB T6B2R4

Tel:(5l4)636-62I8 Fax:(5l4)631-9814

Tel:(403)465-9877 Fax:(403)466-3332

Toll Free: East (800)563-6266

information The Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe As sociation has updated its web site to give more information about polyethylene pipe. The site, www.cppa-info.org, an swers the most basic questions about the

pipe and gives visitors up to date infor mation on research and CPPA news.

West(800) 386-7247

The redesigned web site provides several easy to access pages featuring background information on the CPPA, a dozen technical booklets and case

studies written on corrugated polyethy

PARKSON CORPORATION

lene pipe. One of these pages is dedi cated to understanding HDPE pipe.

Written in a question and answer for mat, this page contains statistics, quotes from users, colour photos, and links to pipe manufacturers, and the technical

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Can garbage collection ONTARIO• BRITISH COLUMBIA •QUEBEC • NOVA SCOTIA PENNSYLVANIA • NEWFOUNDLAND • ALBERTA

make streets dirtier?

A recent University of Florida study of a 100-home subdivision in Gainesville,

PHILIP SERVICES

Florida, has found that on some days,

Ike tke mail kmudedifecMe- 6eilei teami in the mdniifuf., Pkiiip. Anaiifiicai U.cammiUed to- pAoaidmtf- coit e^ectiue anaii^iicai pntxyiami udule iidi jflcwUncj, on kkjA (juaUti^ and cwiiamen- ieniuce.

the amount of litter on the streets more

Valerie Geldart, Sales Manager 1-800-263-9040 ext. 275 or valerie_geldart@philip-serv.com Internet: www.philipanalytical.com

than doubled after garbage trucks came through.

Researchers with the university's Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous

Waste Management, said that much of the litter was spilled when cans were emptied into garbage trucks. Homeown ers were partly to blame, overstuffing garbage cans and failing to use bags,the

CIVIL/ ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING' CONSULTANTS WATER SUPPLY' POLLUTION CONTROL • DRAINAGE SCADA • ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES • ENERGY AUDITS

SIMCOE ENGINEERING GROUP LIMITEG

Consulting Engineers & Architect 1815 Ironstone Monor, Suite #10, Pickering, Ont. L1W 3W9 • Tel: 905-831-1715 Fex; 905-831-0531

44

researchers said.

Even paperless e-commerce might play a role. One of the biggest litter problems was the foam plastic 'peanut' packing used in the shipping of compu ter equipment.

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Industry Update ACPA names new Chairman for 2000

Stantec Consulting Ltd. ^

Environmental/Occupational Health and Safety

Stantec

♦ Environmental Engineering ♦ Ventilation Assessment & Design

♦ Occupational Health and Safety ♦ indoor Air Quality ♦ HS&E Compliance Audits

♦ Air Pollution Control

♦ Gisan AirTectinoiogies ♦ EMS Audits 7070 Mississauga Road, Suite 160, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 7G2 Canada Tel:(905)858-4424• Fax:(905)858-4426 • Website: www.stantec.com

"A leader\n providing innovative automation solutions to our customers.

We offer a compiete range of products & services in tlie areas of: • Systems Integration • Process instrumentation • Control Panels • Programmable Logic Controllers • MMI/SCADA • Computer/Network Services •Service

liy'iiiA'/'n IJ /A' 4''/

/' ; I' .

i* ^ U 't Lm" ijh'.H /

fishtUlJ j ihit ilhif'

i n'" ^ „///

I

Adrian Driver, president of CSR Hydro Conduit Corporation, has been named

Summa Engineering Limited 6423 Northam Drive, Mississauga, ON L4V1J2 Tel:(905) 678-3388, Fax:(905) 678-0444

the new chairman of the board of the

Summa Enterprises, Place Griili, 3539 Blvd. St. Ctiaries, #350, Kirkiand, QC H9H 5B9

Tel: (514) 591-5748, Fax:(514) 455-3587

COMPLETE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE

American Concrete Pipe Association (ACPA). As president of the Pipe and Concrete Products Division of CSR

architects

Water Supply • System Optimization • Wastewater Solid Waste IVIanagement• Environmental Assessment

America Inc., Driver heads the largest

planners

Site Assessment & Remediation •SCADA

engineers

precast concrete pipe manufacturer in

TEL:(905)668-9363• WHITBY• Fax:(905)668-0221

the US. CSR America Inc. is headquar tered in West Palm Beach, Florida.

In discussing his goals as ACPA's

E-mail: tsh@tsh.ca

BARBIE • BRACEBRiDGE • COBOURG • KINGSTON • LONDON OTTAWA • SAULT STE. MARIE • ST. CATHARINES • WATERLOO

Web site: w\A/w.tsh.ca

new chairman, Driver said he will fo

cus on growing the available "pie" for EARTH AND WATER SECTOR

precast concrete pipe products, as well as increasing the size of the market.

Ontario

Could silver carp solve algae problem?

Saskatchewan

United States as part of a two-year study to see if the fish can solve perennial water quality problems.

Silver carp are closely related to the now widely used green carp, a species that eats half ofits own weight in weeds daily. A research biologist has said that

Site Assessment & Remediation

Alberta

Hydrogeology Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Urban Drainage

British Columbia

Scientists in southern Alberta think they may have a solution to the blue-green algae that foul rural ponds and small town drinking water storage reservoirs most summers. Alberta Agriculture re ports that 3,000 algae-eating silver carp have been imported from the southern

Environmental Engineering Water & Wastewater Engineering

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Northern Territories

& Internationally

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Environmental Consultants and Engineers ♦ Environmental Engineering

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A Belter Environmeni For Business

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the sterilized fish will be confined to

ponds inside a greenhouse at Lethbridge Community College for at least a year in order to find out if they do two things: survive Alberta winters and feed on the

type of algae common in the province.

Experiments with silver carp in Eng land and several parts of Europe have shown mixed results. In some areas the

fish did as hoped while in other regions they failed miserably.

^XCC xc VJ

GULTANTS LTD.

ENVIRONfVlENTAL ENGINEERING SPECIALISTS

• Industrial/ Municipal Wastewater Management • Watershed and Stormwater Management • Drinking Wafer Quality and Treatment

Vancouver (604)990-0582 Kitchener (519)741-5774 Toronto area (905)891-2400 Kingston (613)542-5888 www.xog.commail@xcg.com

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

• Hydrogeology investigation /Modelling

• Environmental Site Assessment/Auditing • Remediation and Decommissioning • Environmental Management Systems

45

Date Pad

August 29-31, 2000. FITMA 2000 - Inter national Fair of Environmental Technolo

gies; RESOL - International Exhibition of Technologies for Public Cleaning and Solid Waste; SETMA - Seminar of Environmen

tal Technologies, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Further information: Tel: (21) 537-4338, Fax; (21) 537-7991, E-mail: fitma@fagga.com.br, Web site: www.fagga.com.br.

September 20-22, 2000. Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada, Midwest Branch,Annual Conference and Trade Show,

Thunder Bay,ON. Contact: Ajoy Chatterjee, Tel: (807) 475-2558, Fax: (807) 475-9186, E-mail: chatterjeea@bowater.com.

September 25-28, 2000. 22nd Canadian Waste Management Conference & Interna

New CEPA now law New rules for controlling toxic sub stances were announced by Environment Minister David Anderson,April 4,2000, who said the Canadian Environmental

Protection Act(CEPA)is now law.

The new Act is designed to provide strong protection for the environment and for human health through sciencebased pollution prevention strategies. It incorporates current scientific under standing about the impact of toxic sub stances and pollutants on the environ ment and health, and places a new em

tional Trade Show, Halifax, NS. Contact:

The Nova Scotia Environmental Industry Association (NSEIA), Tel:(902)463-3538, Fax:(902)463-3511, Conference Web site: www.cwmc.ns.ca.

September 26-28, 2000. Enviro-Pro Expo Mexico 2000, Mexico City, Mexico. Spon sored by Air & Waste Management Association. Contact: Mercedes de la Cruz,

Tel: (301) 493-5500, Fax: (301) 493-5705, E-mail: delacruz@ejkrause.com.

September 27-30, 2000. 10th Annual National Composting Conference- The Fu ture Starts Here...Compost! Edmonton,AB. Sponsored by The Composting Council of Canada,Olds College Composting Technol ogy Centre, and The City of Edmonton.

Contact: Susan Antler, The Composting Council of Canada, Tel: (416) 535-0240, E-mail: ccc@compost.org. Web site: www. compost.org.

October 11-13, 2000. Rubber Recycling 2000-A World of Opportunity, Toronto, ON. Sponsored by The Rubber Association of Canada, and Scrap Tire Management Coun

phasis on public accountability and transparency. The new CEPA was ap proved by Parliament in September 1999, and gives the Government of Canada stronger powers and new tools.

The new law emphasizes the impor tance of preventing pollution rather than cleaning it up after the fact. It explic itly acknowledges that the protection of the environment is essential to the well-

being of Canadians,and that the primary purpose of this Act is to contribute to sustainable development through pollu tion prevention.

"For Cost Effective Pumping" A company in the Cardo Group

^BS has the most Comprehensive range on the market.

Sales & Service

• Sewage Pumps - Submersible & Dry Pit • Portable Dewatering Pumps • Mixers - Submersible & Conventional • Aerators - Submersible • Submersible Grinder Pumps • Effluent Pumps • Stock & Process Pumps - PPI • Chemical Pumps • Canned Motor Pumps

ABS Pumps Corporation, 1215 Meyerside Drive, Unit 7, Mississauga, Ontario L5T 1H3 Phone: 1-800-988-2610 or (905)670-4677, Fax:(905)670-3709, Web: www.abspumps.com Callfor the Representative nearest you

For more information, circle reply card No. 256

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High Pressure Water Jetting tina Liquid/Dry Vacuum Services Waste Water Treatment

Sponge Jet Cleaning For more information, circle reply card No. 257

cil. Contact: Tel:(905)270-8322,Fax:(905)

270-2640, E-mail: rac@inforamp.net.

October 23-26, 2000. ISWA International Symposium on Waste Management in Asian Cities, Hong Kong. Contact: www.hong kongwma.org.hk/iswa.htm.

INTERNATIONAL WATER SUPPLY LTD.

JWs

MONTREAL

October 26-28, 2000. The Canadian Envi ronmental Auditing Association (CEAA), 10th Anniversary Technical Meetings and Annual General Conference, Calgary, AB. Contact: CEAA, Tel: (905) 814-1274, Web

342 Bayview Drive, Box 310,

site: www.ceaa-acve.ca.

Barrie, Ontario, Canada L4M 4T5

BARRIE

SASKATOON

WELL AND PUMP MAINTENANCE 1-800-461-9636

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For more information, circle reply card No. 259 —

FILTER MEDIA

'

—

ANTHRACITE

^

QUALITY FILTER SAND & GRAVEL CARBON - GARNET - ILWIENITE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

nthrafilter

4

Media & Coal Ltd.

20 SHARP ROAD. R.R.#6, BRANTFORD,ONTARIO N3T5L8

V

TEL:(519)751-1080 FAX:(519)751-0617

For more information, circle reply card No. 261 46

iWS.

INTERNATIONAL WATER SUPPLY LTD. MONTREAL

BARRIE

SASKATOON

GROUNDWATER TECHNOLOGY SPECIALISTS Engineers & Hydrogeologists Serving the Groundwater Industry for Over 65 Years

y

342 Bayview Drive, Box 310, Barrie, Ontario, Canada L4M 4T5

Tel:(705) 733-0111, Fax:(705)721-0138 E-mail: iws@iws.ca, Web site: www.iws.ca

For more information, circle reply card No. 260 Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Literature Review For Information on advertising in this section call ES&E at(905)727-4666.

Directory 2000 - special "25th Anniversary Edition"

Dijreet«»ry SOOO SPECIftL 251'1 AHNIVEnSftflY EDITIDH

Instrument Rentals

Response Rentals Ltd. rents, sells, and repairs instruments for environ mental monitoring and sampling and for industrial hygiene applications.

Response Rentals also offers port

Ontario's key annual reference direc tory for tfie province's consulting en gineering industry is now available.

Pubiisfied by the Consulting Engi neers of Ontario, the 2000 Directory "25th Anniversary Edition", provides detailed corporate profile information

able instruments for cieanroom moni

and selection criteria for the exten I \ pyrn

sive CEO membership. Price is $75, plus GST. Visit our web site at: www.ceo.on.ca.

Consulting Engineers of Ontario Circle reply card No. 150 7W OfTOU.Gutoe TO COMSULVUG tHGINeenS OF ONIMrO

Urecon pre-lnsulated pipe TED.PIE

Recommended

Urecon pre-insuiated pipe has been used across Canada for shallow bury freeze protection since 1972(with or without Thermocabie® heat tracing).

Other applications include: central chilled water pipe, industrial, mining, etc. We also distribute Logstor Ror (Denmark) pre-insuiated hot water district heating pipe suitable for serv ice up to 140°C (with or without leak alarm system). Visit our web page

Installation Practices For

Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings Brvugfil lo ysu by ibc CPPA,** a ronprolil irxlijstty irade association deciKted is

providing unbiescd. ncn-bfanded in'ormaiior aboul lh« use and

insial'aiion ot coragsled psiyethyisre pipe.

Yo'j' hloTiation Rjsotifce

toring and certification. Equipment may be rented on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. Ail instruments are meticulously maintained and cali brated before they are sent to a cus tomer. Most ship overnight for nextday delivery. Visit our web site at: www.responserentais.com.

Response Rentals Ltd. Circle reply card No. 151

CPPA Installation Guide

This pocket-sized booklet provides information on handling and instal lation of corrugated polyethylene pipe and fittings in nonpressure ap plications including most storm sew ers, culverts, and subdrainage sys tems. The booklet is available by calling the CPPA at: 1-800-510CPPA (2772), or by visiting the web site at www.cppa-info.org.

Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe

at: www.urecon.com.

Association

Urecon Ltd.

Circle reply card No. 153

Circle reply card No. 152

Membrane technology for

Pump selection software

industrial wastewater ZENON's ZenoGem® bloreactor

ABSEL, a pump selection software program developed by pump manu facturer, ABS Pumps, and offered free, significantly streamlines the pump selection process by enabling pump specifiers and users to automaticaiiy caicuiate friction loss in a system. By automating extensive, time-consuming caicuiations, ABSEL helps to ensure the appropriate se lection of an ABS pump to achieve optimum system operating efficiency.

ABS Pumps Circle reply card No. 155

system can retrofit any existing wastewater treatment facility, im mediately increasing capacity by up to four times. The system in corporates immersed membrane technology, which assures hiomass retention, resulting in a high quality effluent, suitable for direct reuse or discharge.

ZENON Environmental Inc.

ABSEL ABS Selection Program Users' Manual

Circle reply card No. 154

Actifio®

Package Plant A major step towards a highly efficient clarifica tion process, Actlflo® package plants are units engineered to provide a compact modular system in response to an ever growing demand for a high performance water treatment process. Typical applications are in municipal (water and wastewater) and industrial (process water).

John Meunler Froducts/USFIiter

Wkm Tim's imm'i

Emergency Response Team-1 Environmental Services

offer an extensive compliment of equipment and dedicated crew.

TRUE multiple response facilities.

4t d«<Ualr4 en

•TKlic cMltlpU mpiAU bdUtin.

• CMtnocd(o EoUk. Flic

ind loduitiy ferItxd lad auiircmposuc.

• Rcpld:< h«ttr

(OutcrioV only Mobile DwocD-cUei)

•OpcfiiorefTbc

IVilaiajt Acidraty HmSS! iviHt SfWy equipped louUons.

Contracted to police, fire and indus try for land and marine response.

Rapid 24 hour response (Ontario's only Mobile Decon Trailer). Opera tor of The Emergency Service Train ing Academy with three fully equip ped locations.

TEAM'l

TEAM't

^

flEW

S«7Vict:s Inc.

(905)J8J-55M

Team-1 Environmental

ivww.toam-I.oom

Services Inc.

fiorth AmertC* Wlti* ftesf/onse

Circle reply card No. 157

i-aoa-33-SPILL

Circle reply card No. 156

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

47

Product and Service Showcase Denso Petrolatum Tapes

Lamella Clarifier

fell

Centennial Conotte Pipe & Products tnc

Stomceptor ® Every Stormceptor stormwater quality treatment system sold by Centennial Con crete Pipe & Products Inc. includes onsite installation inspection by Centennial, as well as initial clean out and first year inspection service by Minotaur Guardian

Circle reply card No. 160

fer all Stormceptor owners ongoing in spection and cleanout service at competi tive prices to ensure Stormceptors are op erating at maximum efficiency.

Centennial Concrete Pipe & Products Circle reply card No. 161

Proven worldwide for well over 100 years, Denso Petrolatum Tapes offer the best, most economical, long-term corrosion protection for all above and below ground metal surfaces. Requiring only minimum surface preparation and environmentally responsible,Denso Petrolatum Tape is the solution to your corrosion problems in any corrosive environment. Eor applications in mines, mills, refineries, steel mills, pulp & paper, oil & gas, and the waterworks industry. The answer is Denso!

Circle reply card No. 162

use 6000 converter

Transfer stations

Filtration and polishing units

Ecodyne custom-designed Lamella Clarifiers, the unit process of choice for a wide variety of applications, are fully assem bled and factory painted, have individu ally removable FRP plates and adjustable effluent weir plates. Ecodyne Limited

Service Limited. Minotaur will also of

The use 6000 sig

For oily water problems, the so

nal converter from

Danfoss eliminates the

worries

lution is found in RPyyiM Filtration

of

choosing specific

and

communication

Units.

protocols when uti lizing a dissolved oxygen sensor in

moves both emul

aeration tanks. De

signed to be easily mounted with the EVITA® Oxy dis solved oxygen sensor,this CE,C-tick and UL-approved converter compensates for temperature, barometric pressure, humid ity, and salinity. It operates in tempera tures ranging from -40°C to -r70°C with ± 0.1° accuracy.

RPA re

sified and free-

The Transtor is ideal for minimizing the cost of urban and regional transfer by mini mizing capital and site development costs, and by flexible routing to maximize trailer utilization. The main lid accepts material from almost any type of collection vehi cle - rear, front and side loading. The Transtor cycles into any open top trailer in 45 seconds using the tractor's wet kit or through an optional on-site power pack.

HauI-AII Equipment Systems

floating oils in water.

These

modular units,

singly or combined, may be used alone or with other filtration systems and can be designed to fit the specific needs of our customers. RPA creates no waste and

through on-site centrifugation, both the RPA is regenerated and the oils are re covered. Visit our website at www.

Circle reply card No. 163

Circle reply card No. 164

earthcanada.com. Earth Canada Corp.

Circle reply card No. 165

Concrete Pipe Handbook

AGRA Resource Catalog

Precast Concrete Box Culvert

Davis Controls Limited

ACPA's Resource

f BOXCAR Soft

nical documents

American Con

ware from the

gain a better under standing of drainage products and their applications. The 48-page catalog in cludes an alphabetical listing of manuals, ACPA's Design Data series, videos, soft ware and other design/application re source materials. Free upon request to ACPA, www.concrete-pipe.org.

American Concrete Pipe Association

crete Pipe Asso ciation can help engineers signifi cantly reduce de sign time and costly over-designs on projects using precast concrete box sections. The Win dows-based CD-ROM provides complete structural analysis for loads due to box weight,soil weight, intemal gravity fluid weight, live loads and user specified sur charge loads. Structural design methods conform to standards set by AASHTO. American Concrete Pipe Association

Circle reply card No. 167

Circle reply card No. 168

used by engineers, consultants, agency and govemment of ficials, and others to

The latest edition of the Concrete Pipe Handbook,a comprehensive collection of theories, formulas and aids for designing concrete pipe systems, is available from the American Concrete Pipe Association.

Now in its fifth printing, the handbook has been updated to include information on Standard Installation using Indirect De sign. American Concrete Pipe Assoc.

Circle reply card No. 166

Design Software available

Catalog contains a complete list of publications, tech and other materials

48

Polishing

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Product and Service Showcase Liquid level control

Sollds/corroslve liquids pumps

Gorman-Rupp's new J Series Packaged Submersible Pumping System places controls and valves above ground in an attractive, vandal-resistant fiberglass en closure. This design permits safe and easy access to controls or valves for main tenance or service. Compact, economi cal design reduces site space require ments by eliminating the need for a sepa rate valve pit. Gorman-Rupp Circle reply card No. 169

Gorman-Rupp's Electronic Pressure Switch has been designed to control the operation of your Gorman-Rupp pack aged pumping station or control. The EPS 2000 is incredibly accurate, reliable and simple to operate. The unit comes with pinpoint precision Start/Stop set points for one to eight pumps, or it can be used to control up to six pumps while monitoring the wet well with high and low water alarms. Gorman-Rupp Circle reply card No. 170

Gorman-Rupp T Series'''''' pumps are de signed for economical,trouble-free opera tion in handling solids-laden liquids and slurries. Pumps feature a large volute de sign which allows them to reprime auto matically in a completely open system without the need for suction or discharge check valves. And they can do it with the pump casing only partially filled with liq uid and a completely dry suction line.

Gorman-Rupp Circle reply card No. 171

EIMCO FlexKlear速 Inclined

EIMCO Reactor-Clarlfler速

Design Data 41

plate settlers

solids-contact clarlflers

Packaged sewage pumping system

Features:

Features: Hinged plates can be nic hedPlateSetfler

aiMiiiUMMfnwttftaw, MWMdCMMCMtrt

eactor-Clarifisr

Flocculation and clarification com

shifted to shed ac

cumulated solids;

bined in a single

lightweight corru gated stainless steel plates; ported launders dampen irregular

tank;

velocities, en

force uniform flow; rugged, modular stainless steel support system speeds in stallation; adapts easily to rectangular or square basins; combines readily with Trac-Vac""" sludge collectors; pilot plant

influent

recirculated 8-15

times; gentle tur bine mixing for optimum particle growth; heavyduty mechanism;superior dual drivehead design for maximum service life; proper support for mechanism and operational loads; pilot plant available.

Baker Process

Circle reply card No. 173

available. Baker Process

Circle reply card No. 172

Design Data 41 from ACPA aids engineers in the proper design of manholes to pre vent flotation. Design methods, using ba sic soil mechanics to determine if a man

hole is susceptible to flotation, are pre sented for the engineer. The effects of the manhole configuration and surrounding soil conditions are taken into considera

tion with the analysis.

American Concrete Pipe Association

Circle reply card No. 174

Prevent algae bulld-up

Inlet Stormceptor速 system

Membrane technology for Industrial wastewater

The Inlet Storm

ceptor System em ploys the same principles of op eration as the wellknown In-line In-

i Ford Hall Company is the manufacturer of the Algae Sweep Automation debris control system. The custom-designed, stainless steel, spring loaded system is for use on primary clarifiers, secondary clarifiers and thickeners, whether they be domed,covered, or open to the elements.

Patented since 1989,FMC has nearly 1,000 units installed in the US and Canada. Free

demonstration video available upon re quest. Ford Hall Company,Inc. Circle reply card No. 175

M

terceptors. Develoff from an area of

up to 0.20 ha, the Inlet Stormceptor has inherited the inter nal by-pass function, ensuring that all sediment and oil removed from storm-

water runoff remains trapped within the storage chamber,even during peak flows.

There are currently more than 2,500 units in place throughout North America.

Stormceptor Canada Inc. Circle reply card No. 176

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

ZENON's ZenoGem'速 bioreactor system can retrofit any existing wastewater treat ment facility, immediately increasing capacity by up to four times. The sys tem incorporates immersed membrane technology, which assures biomass reten tion, resulting in a high quality effluent, suitable for direct reuse or discharge.

ZENON Environmental Inc.

Circle reply card No. 177 49

Product and Service Showcase Electrochemical meters

Hach Company has introduced two new sension electrochemical meter products for professional laboratory and field-test ing, both with multi-parameter capabil ity. The sension 156 (portable multi-pa rameter meter)and sension378(benchtop multi-parameter meter) both offer three lest combinations: pH/Conductivity, pH/ Dissolved Oxygen,and pH/Conductivity/ Dissolved Oxygen. Hach Company Circle reply card No. 178

Large digester covers

In-house total-lead testing

Effective process control

Hach Company offers a new laboratory test for determining total organic carbon (TOC) content of drinking water and wastewater. This simple method is an ideal alternative to out-sourced analysis

trained technicians. Staff members fol

efit from on-site and on-demand TOC

low step-by-step instructions for sample digestion and a simplified, anodic strip ping voltammetry technique to obtain

readings. The test is ideal for use in drinking water as a process control tool for those facilities required to remove organic material. Hach Company Circle reply card No. 179

Submersible pumping/mixing have

sign features external stiffeners and a clear uncluttered interior surface for minimum maintenance. Photo shows a

70'(21 m) gasholder recently being in stalled. Sizes to 110'(33.5 m) are oper ating; larger are available.

GL&V/Dorr-Oliver

Circle reply card No. 181

Efficient, precise activation of liquid polymer

total-recoverable-lead values.

Hach Company

Circle reply card No. 180

N-Pump series feature new hydraulic end design

been

making submers ible pumps since

The N-Pump se ries from Flygt

1948, when we

features a new

introduced

hydraulic end de sign for efficient,

the

world's first sub

steel or stainless steel. This modern de

measurements,in-house, without invest

ment in expensive equipment or highly-

for treatment facilities that would ben

We

GL&V/Dorr-Oliver is the leading sup plier of large primary and secondary(gas holder) digester covers manufactured of

The Hach Scanning Analyzer HSA-1000 provides low parts-per-billion(PPB)lead

mersible designed for pumping con taminated water.

reliable and trou

ble-free pumping over long duty pe

Over the years,

riods. The result:

our name has come to stand for efficient,

improved opera tional economy which can dramatically reduce the total life cost of your installation. N-Pumps maintain a high level of pumping effi ciency, even in fluids with a high solids and fibrous content, thanks to an opentype self-cleaning impeller. ITT Flygt Circle reply card No. 183

versatile products of the highest quality and we have remained at the forefront of

development. Our designs, patents, and technical innovations have made us the

world's leading manufacturer ofsubmers ible pumping/mixing equipment and fluid handling technology. ITT Flygt

Circle reply card No. 182

Water particle counting system

The solution to your containment challenge

The IBR Water

Particle Counting System (WPCS) represents

a

breakthrough technology for particle counters in the water treat

The Model 560 Liquid Polymer Process ing Module is an advanced, highly effec tive system for instantaneously activat ing liquid polymer emulsions and solu tions. Completely pre-piped and pre wired in an industrial-duty, compact package, the fully automatic unit utilizes Acrison's performance-proven, control led shear activation chamber for precise and undui m polymer activation. Metcon

Circle reply card No, 184 50

ment industry.

With resolution of

better than 9%,the IBR 400 sensor does

not require count matching. Individual calibration to ASTM F658, combined

with high resolution optics, ensures count correlation. This eliminates the need to

change calibration points in order to force counters to match. Metcon

Circle reply card No. 185

A Kentain liner can restore life to

an old tank, which

is

structurally

sound

but has

started to leak.

Kentain uses only the highest qual ity PVC materi als, with proven durability, high resistance to chemical attack and pinhole free. Each seam of the single piece Kentain liner is electroni cally welded for a complete homogenous weld. All seams are completed at the state-of-the-art plant in Kitchener, On tario. Kentain Products Ltd.

Circle reply card No. 186

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Product and Service Showcase Trenchless Technology

Total residual chlorine monitor

ATI's new Model A15/79 monitor meas

ATI's new Series A15/81 Dissolved

Insituform Technologies' proprietary trenchless technologies make it possible to reconstruct underground sewers and other pipes without digging or disruption.

The Insituform速', NuPipe速,Paltem速, and

Tite Liner速 processes are used by waste-

ures Total Residual Chlorine using a gas phase measurement method that elimi nates any contact between the sample and the sensor, greatly reducing maintenance requirements. In operation, the sample is reacted with buffer and potassium iodide

water, gas, and industrial customers

in accordance with EPA recommended

worldwide. For more information, visit

methods. The result is" a system that is simple to operate and immune to common sample fouling problems. ATI Inc. Circle reply card No. 188

Suifide Monitor provides an on-line in strument for continuously measuring even very low levels of dissolved hydro gen suifide in water or wastewater. Meas urements may be made from a few PPB up to 20 PPM. with standard outputs and alarms that may be used to control chemi cal feed systems or provide alarms in the event of process problems.

Analytical Technology, Inc. Circle reply card No. 189

Oil/water separator

Personal gas detection

our website at: www.insituform.com.

Insituform Technologies, Inc. Circle reply card No. 187

Oil in water monitor

Dissolved Suifide Monitor

ENMET

For industrial and municipal measure ments of hydrocarbons in water, Arjay offers the FluoroCheck 2000. Using the selective and accurate technology offluo rescence, this instrument has been de

signed for quick and easy readings with its automatic sample read feature. Once the unit has been initiated to your site through a simple calibration, prepared samples are inserted into the unit and the rest is taken care of automatically.

Arjay Engineering Ltd.

Now available - six sensor monitors that

The McTighe oil/water separator will produce an effluent quality of less than 10 PPM offree oil. Standard sizes range from 10 GPM to 4,500 GPM. Separa tors are available in both above ground and below ground models.

Arjay Engineering Ltd.

Circle reply card No. 191

include the selective monitoring of electrochemical sensors and the safety of broad range gas monitoring - all in one!

Enmet introduces the Target portable.

Concentration display, audio and visual alarms, long battery life, and rugged.

Also available with data logging, remote display unit, and built-in pump.

Arjay Engineering Ltd.

Circle reply card No. 192

Circle reply card No. 190

Low cost AutoFlash

Skid mounted systems

evaporation process The AutoFlash is

a time-proven evaporation sys tem with the capability of using low-grade, reject, waste heat as the

Scitngi Ftom BioseVdf.

IhnusHE/^kMnecd

1-800-428-3311

www.eaglebrook.net Circle reply card No. 193

only source of en ergy for phase separation. This exclusive feature makes evaporation a very viable treatment method for TDS (total dissolved solids), over 4,500 milli grams per litre. The proprietary, self-regu lating device causes the AutoFlash to be able to operate outside ofsteady state con ditions in a highly stable manner.

Donson Engineering Circle reply card No. 194

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

GDT Corporation has introduced a pack aged skid mounted water and wastewater treatment system. Applications include ozone and oxygen dissolution and CO,, VOC and Radon stripping. The patented GDT'm process is modular and can sup port small and large scale treatment ap plications. Pictured is the front and back of a compact (only 4 ft.- of floor space) system with oxygen and ozone generators mounted on the skid. GDT Corporation Circle reply card No. 195 51

Product and Service Showcase Spring 2000 Catalogue

Pumps for extreme requirements

JetMix

li Free 4-coiour Hertz catalogue featuring over 1,200 used equipment items for sale.

Equipment ranges from air compressors to earthmoving, material handling, aerial, trucks, and much more! Ail equipment is listed by make, model, serial number, price, and location. The Spring 2000 catalogue includes information on lowrate financing program as well as details on rental purchase option. Hertz

Circle reply card No. 196

Multi-stage filter for small systems

The Amarex KRT pump meets all re quirements for the erection, replacement, or extension of pumping stations. It has been designated for wet-well installa tions. Dry-well installations can be real ized by means of the Sewatec series of fered by KSB. So, no matter which field of application, KSB will be in the posi tion to offer an optimum solution at a fair price,coupled with the most suitable sew age hydraulics. KSB Pumps Circle reply card No. 197

Dissolved oxygen system Âť

The JetMix Vortex Mixing System can be used in biosolids storage where solids suspension is important. Benefits of us ing the JetMix system include: Intermit tent operation saves 60-90% in power consumption; expensive tank cleanout and scheduled maintenance not required: easily installed in existing tanks; multi ple tank mixing using a central pump house. JetMix was a recipient of a 1997 Innovative Technology Award from the Water Environment Federation.

Greatario Engineered Storage Systems Circle reply card No. 198

MiOX water disinfection

systems

mj

The MS Filter is a solution to a small

system's water treatment needs that is simple and inexpensive to operate. There are no pre-treatment chemicals, no mem branes to replace, and yet treatment per formance equals or exceeds membrane or conventional processes. The plant is ideal for serviced populations of less than 1,500. RAL Engineering Ltd. Circle reply card No. 199

Compact ozone generator units

The Model 9200 is the first dissolved oxy gen analyzer available with two automatic self-cleaning methods. The Royce Instru ment Corporation Patented Electro chemical Self-Cleaning all but eliminates biological fouling. The system can be sup plied with a field proven Air or Water Jet Self-Cleaning. Together they produce un paralleled performance. The Model 9200 system also includes the only on screen graphical trending for both DO and Tem perature. Cancoppas Limited Circle reply card No. 200

Safe Drinking Water? by hypochlorination

MIOX products are based on a propri etary membraneless electrolytic cell that produces a liquid stream of mixed oxidants that are extremely effective in dis infecting water. The electrolytic cell uses sodium chloride, water, and electricity to generate the oxidant solution. This solu tion is collected in a tank and continu

ally injected into water at rates appropri ate to treatment objectives.

Omega Public Works

Circle reply card No. 201

Safe Drinking Water? by chlorine dioxide ProMinent's Bello Zon chlorine di

oxide generator produces a chlo rine-free, chlorine dioxide solution,

which virtually

Ozonia's range of standardized compact ozone generator units, the OZATÂŽ, take advantage of the latest technological de velopments, including "Advanced Tech nology" dielectrics. They are ideal for; Ozone oxidation; up to 15% concentration and higher(from oxygen);chemical proc ess oxidation; groundwater oxidation; re cycle process water; wastewater oxidation; sterilize DI water. Pilot units are avail able. Ozonia

Circle reply card No. 202 52

ProMinent offers a simple and reliable chlorine disinfection program for pota ble water. Dulcometer sensors provide precise continuous monitoring of chlo rine residual (free or total), and FID con trol via high-precision metering pumps to maintain a safe chlorine residual. Fea

tures include reagent-free sensor technol ogy, menu-driven display, alarm contacts for upset conditions, and automatic fault diagnostic. ProMinent Fluid Controls

Circle reply card No. 203

eliminates THM

formation, chlo-

ramines and chlorophenols. Chlorine dioxide disinfection is effective at low

concentrations,over a wide pH range,and provides a long-lasting residual. The Bello Zon generates and injects ClO,in stantaneously and proportionally into the water stream by means of high-precision metering pumps.

ProMinent Fluid Controls

Circle reply card No. 204 Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Wastewater Odours

Ferric sulphate reduces odour complaints Iron-based coagulant has no impact on UV system count of less than 150 per 100 ml of ef fluent. In the first year of operation the Lakeshore West plant met its treatment objectives. The operating staff at OCWA was satisfied with the plant ex cept for the solids handling/dewatering system, and the odour that was gener ated by the process.

Designed to have waste activated sludge sent to the primary clarifiers, sol ids from the primary clarifiers were pumped into aerated sludge holding tanks. The operators had the capability to stop the air in the sludge holding tanks, allow sludge to settle, and then decant the supernatant. This process would create a thicker sludge before being sent to the centrifuge for dewater ing. It was hoped that this process would result in less sludge being processed, and The Lakeshore West Pollution Control Plant with average daiiy treatment capacity a drier cake being formed. Unfortu nately, the sludge did not decant very of 5,400 rrf/day. well and the sludge going to the centri fuge did not dewater as expected. The ville lagoon system.

Control Plant near Kingsville, Operational in 1998, the plant was process also created a significant odour, Ontario, was able to signifi designed for an average daily treatment which resulted in several complaints cantly reduce odour com capacity of 5,400 mVday. The conven from the community. Even an on-site plaints as a result of the handling and tional activated sludge process consists scrubbing system could not eliminate the dewatering of the treatment plant's of coarse screening, grit removal, pri complaints. solids.

As part of OCWA's'Continuous Im mary sedimentation, fine bubble aera provement Program' the operating staff This was achieved by converting tion, secondary sedimentation and ultra violet(UV) disinfection. Disinfection at the plant began investigating alterna from alum to ferric sulphate for phos phorus control. Ferric sulphate mini is required from May 1 until October 31, tives to the current treatment program mized the odour released from the plant and there are no tertiary filters. The that would reduce the odour being gen Ontario Clean Water Agency(OCWA) erated from the solids handling process, by precipitating out the dissolved sul and increase the solids content of the has the operating contract for the facil phides and reducing the amount of hy drogen sulphide gas produced. This was ity that was built at a cost of $22.1 dewatered sludge.

Eaglebrook was contacted about the million. accomplished while maintaining efflu When the Lakeshore West plant be use of iron-based coagulants to control ent quality and generating cost savings of 13.1% over the alum program. gan operating, aluminum sulphate odour and increase solids content.

The use of an iron-based coagulant (alum) was used to control the level of OCWA already had extensive experi had no impact on the UV disinfection phosphorus in the effluent of the plant. ence using iron-based coagulants. Op system; moreover, the units were The plant was designed to meet a Total erating staff at the plant believed that switching from an aluminum-based co cleaned fewer times while using ferric Phosphorus level of 0.8 mg/L, Sus pended Solids of 10 mg/L, BOD^ of 10 agulant to an iron-based coagulant sulphate.

Continued overleaf The plant was constructed to solve mg/L, and an E. co///fecal coiiform the pollution problems originating from malfunctioning septic systems in the Table 1 lakeshore area of the Township of

The Lakeshore West Pollution

Objectives

Ferric Sulphate Program

Program

BOD5(mg/L)

10

5.0

4.8

Suspended Solids (mg/L) Total Phosphorus (mg/L) E. coli/coliform (#/100 ml) Odour Complaints (#)

10

3.9

5.2

0.8

0.29

0.34

150 counts

12.6 counts

2.0 counts

0

10

16

Parameter

Gosfield South, and to alleviate the ex

isting capacity limitations of the Kings-

By Elvino Azevedo and John Merritt, Ontario Clean Water Agency, and Jim Allen, Eaglebrook, Inc.

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Plant

Alum

53

Wastewater Odours

would provide better results. Ferric sul phate was selected as the most appro priate coagulant because it has the same handling and storage characteristics as alum; moreover, staff already had ex tensive operating experience in the use of ferric sulphate.

A trial was planned for May 1999 and Eaglebrook supplied a temporary stor age trailer, which was connected to the chemical feed system. The use of a tem porary storage trailer allowed the plant to run the trial without having to remove the existing alum from the storage tank, and to expedite the trial.

The initial dosage was 100 mg/L of the ferric sulphate solution. This was subsequently lowered to 80 mg/L as the trial progressed. The initial observations were not important because it would take anywhere from three to six weeks to see any significant change in the sludge characteristics, although the op erators did indicate that the odour was

reduced around the plant.

This is a result of the ferric iron re

acting with the dissolved sulphides, which forms an insoluble precipitate.

This prevents the formation of hydro gen sulphide gas, which is easily identi-

m

No fouling of UV disinfection system.

fled by its rotten egg smell.

Staff at the plant were asked to moni tor the normal operating parameters to ensure that they were treating the

radiation, many people believe that the use of an iron-based coagulant with an UV disinfection system is incompat

wastewater at the same level as when

ible. OCWA, however, had extensive

operating with alum. The monitoring of the UV disinfection system was of critical importance.

experience with UV disinfection, as well as coagulation. It had already operat ed plants in Stratford, Espanola and

Because iron absorbs ultra violet

Announcement

SEALABLE Eric A.D. MacDonald, President, is pleased to announce that Sunil Kumar, MBA,P.Eng., has joined MacViro Con sultants Inc. as Business Manager of the Energy Solutions Group.

Sunil graduated in mechanical engineering from the University of Toronto and has 19 years experience in the energy and environmental fields, working with organiza tions in the industrial, institutional, utilities and govern ment sectors. His capabilities include: energy audits, fea sibility studies, economic evaluations, project engineer ing, cogeneration projects, environmental guidelines de velopment, and project development.

MacViro is a multi-discipline firm of consulting engi neers offering a complete range of services in the environ mental and energy fields. The recruitment of Sunil is an initiative to expand the energy services of MacViro, rec ognizing the deregulation of the electricity industry.

MacViro Designing Environmental isr Energy Solutions 54

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Wastewater Odours

Wallaceburg under similar conditions to those in the Lakeshore West plant.

After the first month, staff experienced no fouling, and the concern subsided.

Once the iron had worked its way throughout the sludge in the plant, staff noticed a sharp decrease in odour when handling the sludge. In addition, they were able to dewater the sludge to greater than 30% solids without any problems. While using alum, they were only able to dewater for one week in May 1998. The frequency and number of odour complaints forced them to abandon that program, and they went back to hauling liquid sludge. From June to December 1998, the average concen tration of the sludge in the holding tanks

resents savings of 13.1% over the alum treatment costs.

A single solution does not exist for reducing or eliminating odour from wastewater treatment plants. There are many forces at work in a waste stream

and local environment. The challenge is for plant operators and chemical sup pliers to work together to determine the most appropriate product or technology application.

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was 1.8% solids. After the switch to fer

ric sulphate, the concentration of the sludge in the holding tank from June to December 1999 was 2.9% solids.

The treatment statistics from the two

I

different coagulant programs were com pared. The period for the alum program ran from May 1998 to December 1998.

The ferric sulphate program statistics are from May 1999 to December 1999. The statistics in Table 1 are averages of data collected monthly.

From May 1998 until April 1999, while using alum, the Lakeshore West plant had an average flow of 3,760 mV day. The cost of using alum for phos

phorus control was $26.40 per million litres. From May 1999 until April 2000 the plant treated an average flow of

3,982 mVday,using ferric sulphate. The

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Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

For more Information, circle reply card No. 112 (See page 25)

55

Cover Story

Unique V-box channel CSO facility built with CON/SPAN system

Awastewater management

R.V. Anderson Associates Limited

master plan for the City of (RVA) was retained in 1998 to conduct St. Thomas' water pollution a Class Environmental Assessment of control plant was completed the proposed undertaking, and to pre in 1996. It identified the need for an in pare the detailed design of the CSO line combined sewer overflow (CSO) facility. facility, upstream of the WPCP, to re During the design phase, RVA staff duce the frequency of overflows into found that the proposed twin sewer pipe Mill Creek. The CSO facility was de system was not a simple solution. The signed to reduce potential health haz control system for the twin sewers ards, as well as the adverse effects of would be complex since dry weather

anchorage of the pipes to a concrete base, would be necessary, and the cost would be significant.

To overcome these design con straints, RVA staff proposed an alterna tive to the concept of the twinned sewer

pipe system. The alternative design called for a cast-in-place concrete base channel with precast CON/SPAN units to form the walls and roof. This design would solve the problems inherent in the twin configuration. The inlet and outlet chambers would be significantly smaller than the chambers required by a twinned pipe alternative. RVA also expected that the capital and operating cost for the CON/SPAN system would be signifi cantly less than that of the twin pipe configuration.

The facility was designed to allow the normal dry weather flow to pass unim peded at a velocity that is adequate to maintain self-cleansing conditions. The side slopes on the concrete channel are 1.5 horizontal to I vertical which is steep

enough to minimize the accumulation of solids. Provisions were made to ac

cess the structure for inspection and maintenance. Outflow is throttled to the

Precast units being instaiied on the cast-in-piace concrete base channei.

the discharge of combined sewage, on aquatic life, recreational uses, and wa ter supplies within Kettle Creek and Lake Erie. In addition, the facility would provide 90% capture of wet weather flows,allow a substantial reduc

tion of the total by-pass events, and eliminate secondary by-pass events

flows should be conveyed through only one of the two pipelines to maintain selfcleansing conditions. To accomplish this, the control system would require four automatic sluice gates to fill and drain the sewers in sequence (i.e., at each end of both sewers). In addition, the inverts of the 3,000 mm pipes would

rated capacity of the WPCP (45.5 mil lion L/day) using two motorized sluice gates. It is expected that this facility will be filled, on average, four times each year. One overflow weir to Mill Creek is housed in the outlet chamber.

The City invited tenders for the con struction of both alternatives. Tenders

received by the City clearly favoured the structure recommended by RVA, as the bid was $376,000 less than the low bid

within the St. Thomas WPCP.

have to be benched to maintain self-

for the twin pipe alternative. St. Tho mas contractor, Elgin Construction, was

In 1997, this Ontario city reviewed the sizing for the new facility to deter

cleansing velocities during low flow pe

the successful bidder. Its staff worked

riods.

with the support group at CON/SPAN Canada and Con Cast Pipe, Guelph, Ontario, to develop the solution consist ing of 6,100 mm x 1,500 mm units for the cast-in-place V-channel base. The project was a unique application of the precast units, and one of the largest of its kind produced at Con Cast Pipe, one

mine the minimum level of overflow

Each of the twin sewers would have

control set by the Ontario Ministry of

at least one local sewer connected to it,

Environment's Combined Sewer Over

making self-cleansing difficult, as local sewers had to be picked up on both sides of the CSO facility. Eurthermore, since the storage facility would be located within the floodplain of Mill Creek, the proposed earth cover over the pipes was

flow policy. The resulting report rec ommended 4,000 m^ of storage. The conceptual design for the facility in cluded two parallel(3,000 mm diameter) sewers with a length of 280 metres.

limited, and would not be sufficient to

By Dave Metcalfe and Enrico Stradiotto,

Con Cast Pipe 56

counter the buoyant force on the pipes, if the creek flooded the valley when the sewers were not flowing full. Encase ment of the pipes in concrete collars, or

offive licensees of CON/SPAN Canada.

Once site construction got under way in June 1999, production of the 114 pieces commenced after Con Cast Pipe staff had prepared an area specifically engineered for pouring the units. The

Environmentai Science & Engineering, June 2000

Cover Story

Water

first pour took place on June 15, and by June 21, the crew was pouring two units per day. In total, the plant produced 109 standard units, two short length units, two maintenance

Disinfection

hole tee units, and one field closure unit. All of these units

Concerns?

were produced according to contract documents and details specified in structural design and shop drawings supplied

by CON/SPAN Canada. Measurements for the closure unit were taken in the field to determine the exact dimensions.

MIOX for Municipal Water Systems

Each of the standard units weighed 13,910 kg.

• Powerful - disinfects/inactivates nearly all bacteria, viruses and parasites that pose possible health problems.

The cast-in-place channel was ready to receive the units

• Safe - eliminates storage, transport, and mixing/handling of chlorine, caustic acids and other chemicals.

In total, the plant produced 109 standard units, two short length

•

Gentle - eliminates taste and odour associated with chlorine use.

The above has been realized at West Perth P.U.C.

units, two maintenance hole tee units, and one field closure unit. by early September, and they began to arrive on site two at a time. As the delivery trucks arrived, the units were offloaded by Higgs Construction of St. Thomas,and set im mediately into place. When conditions were right, units were being installed at a rate of one every twenty minutes.

The new facility was commissioned in January, 2000.

The contract cost of the project was approximately $2.2

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million.

Information for this article was provided by Hans Vierhuis, P.Eng., and Ken Coiiicott, P.Eng., R.V. Anderson Associates Limited, and John Dewancker, P.Eng., City of St. Thomas.

P.O. Box 70, Camlachie, ON,NGN lEO Tel:(519)899-2530 • Fax:(519)899-2531

For more information, circle reply card No. 115

For more information, circle reply card No. 116

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Web site: www.colgate.c^javex Plant Locations: Moncton, Montreal, Toronto,Edmonton

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

For more information, circle reply card No. 117 (See page 25)

Regulations

Reliance on existing environmental assessments in property transactions

Theconcerns offinancial insti

tutions in the last few years over potential environmental

financial liabilities have made

Phase I assessments mandatory in most commercial and industrial real estate

transactions. Therefore, much (if not most) of this type of property has had Phase I and even Phase II Environmen

tal Site Assessments (ESA) performed on it.

Phase I ESA refers to a record search

and site investigation to identify areas of potential environmental liability with no sampling or testing. Phase II ESA refers to the next step which includes intrusive testing, sampling and analysis to conclusively identify if a problem exists and assist in quanti fying the extent of the problem.

In many transactions, the pur chaser and their real estate and legal advisors will be provided with a pre vious Phase I report which the ven dor may wish to utilize and not in cur the additional cost of redoing the Phase I ESA. While this may ap pear reasonable, it is extremely im portant that the existing ESA be care fully evaluated and professionally re viewed prior to relying on it.

Technical Quality of Existing Reports Firstly, it is important to realize that there is a CSA standard for Phase I as

sessments (CSA Standard Z768-94).

This standard was not published until April 1994. Many of the existing Phase I reports may pre-date its publication and may not contain essential information.

Secondly, and this surprises many real estate specialists, there is no inde pendent body which actually reviews the quality of reports, compliance with the CSA standard, or completeness of the

obvious and significant omissions.

Of more concern to non-profession als evaluating reports, are subtle or mi nor deficiencies which may also be sig nificant. For example, many firms uti lize the Insurance Advisory Organiza tion(lAO)plans held in public libraries

one to two thousand dollars to be per petually "on the hook" for the report.

The validity of this type of disclaimer or limitation of liability has been upheld by a relatively recent court case in On tario, which involved a property sale.

to obtain historical information concern

report, the nature of the firm perform ing the Environmental Site Assessment should be considered before relying on the report. Many firms are extremely small, often one person sole practition ers who may or may not be insured.

Once again, since engineers, geoscientists, hydrogeologists, chemists, and technologists may perform this work (particularly Phase I assessments), there is no uniform professional li censing, vigilance, or insurance.

Membership in bodies such as the Professional Engineers or the Asso

ing the property. This is a copyright in fringement and frequently the plans held by public libraries are incomplete. Re ports held in libraries never include the written inspection reports, which should accompany the plans. If this becomes an issue in litigation, it is questionable whether a Phase I report which relies on

ciated Environmental Site Assessors

of Canada (AESAC) may provide some protection and insurance, but this should be confirmed. Unless a

firm has the financial ability or in surance to stand behind a report, re liance on the report may be ill-ad

SAMPLES

vised.

Possible Solutions to the

copyright material, would be admissible.

Phase II investigations are even more variable in quality as there is no univer sally accepted standard format or docu ment. A properly performed Phase II assessment report may require not only engineers but also chemists, hydrogeologists, and geologists to reach appro priate conclusions. The reports are very site specific and often require interpre tation skills not actually available to the fimr which pertbrmed the Phase II work.

Legal and Insurance Considerations The use of disclaimers or statements

time. These limitations have been

By Robert Thomas, P.Eng.,

rightly incorporated to limit the liabil ity of the firm who produced the report.

It is obviously unreasonable to expect a firm which received fees of the order of

58

using a properly qualified and insured firm. However, because of the cost, and

because in many cases the environmen tal reports are perfectly acceptable, there are other more economical ways to re duce liability but still ensure that the mortgage and the property transfer will not fail on an environmental issue.

One method is to ensure the vendor

been followed. Our review of numer

Pinchin Environmental

Phase I and/or Phase II work from scratch

provides all environmental reports per taining to the property and have them reviewed by a competent firm to deter mine if they meet the appropriate stand

ous Phase I reports indicates frequent

I report states that it was done "in com pliance with", "in general compliance with", or "to provide the information required by" CSA Standard Z768-94, there is no guarantee that this has,in fact,

Dilemma

The most foolproof and most expen sive way to ensure that the environmen tal work on a site is adequate for transfer and mortgaging purposes, is to redo the

of limitations is almost universal in ESA

reports today. These generally limit the use of the report to a specific purpose or state that only specifically named parties may rely on the report. Other limitations may include a time limita tion so that the report is not relied on if changes to the site or tenant occur over

Phase I work. Therefore,even if a Phase

Even if there is no disclaimer on the

ards of care. The cost of a review of a

Phase I or Phase II report with a cover ing letter is rarely more than a few hun dred dollars. In the event the report is found adequate but contains a disclaimer regarding its use, the original firm who performed the ESA should be ap proached to extend reliance to the pur-

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Regulations pared in advance. We recommend talk ing to a firm with a local presence to establish a rapport so the cost of a re

insurance (including pollution cover age).

• Current listing or acceptance by the

If the firm will not extend this reliance,

view and a time-frame is agreed upon

financial institution who will be ad

a re-assessment by a second firm may

in advance.

vancing the mortgage(most have some

be in order.

type of list or will accept a limited

acceptable and can be relied on with a

For your own protection and to en sure that the mortgagor is satisfied with the report, one should ensure the con sulting firm undertaking the review

small amount of additional work or com

meets certain minimum standards.

chaser and/or the mortgagor. This is

usually available but may require an in expensive confirmatory visit to the site.

The experience of Pinchin Environ mental is that most Phase I ESAs are

range of firms).

• Sufficient staff to be able to promptly review and (if necessary) undertake to redo the Phase I or Phase II work.

These include: ment from the original firm. If, how By utilizing this route, it is possible ever, the report is found to be signifi • Experience in Phase I and Phase II to ensure the success of mortgage fund Environmental Site Assessments. cantly deficient (as we find in 10-15% ing for a transaction, protect the inter of Phase I reports reviewed), much more • Good reputation and track record ests of the vendor, and minimize the cost (greater than five years) in this area of of environmental due diligence. proactive measures must be taken. This work.

For more information, usually involves redoing the Phase I, or if it is a Phase II, re-sampling and test • Adequate financial background and circie reply card No. 118 ing are required. Our experience is that if the original report is so inadequate as to be rejected by a peer or professional review, there may be significant prob ERIS, Environmental Risk Information Services, is a database service that helps envi lems or liability related to the property. ronmental professionals spot contamination problems on any property. This service Obviously, the time limitations in the first of its kind in Canada - screens key federal, provincial and private databases and prepares a detailed information report for a property and its volved in a property sale and/or mort ^neighbouring sites. Call for a free brochure. gage situation are frequently stringent.

It is important if your practice involves For more information, call 1-800-268-7742 ext. 2105 or visit

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industrial, commercial or residential

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transactions where a Phase I or Phase II

ESA will be needed, that you are pre

For more information, circie reply card No. 138(See page 25)

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Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

For more information, circle reply card No. 139 (See page 25)

59

Lagoon Effluent

Evolution of lagoon effluent enhancement to meet stringent effluent criteria

Articlesin ES&E magazine as

well as papers at technical conferences have provided an insight into the use of open air intermittent sand filters to en hance effluent quality from facultative lagoons. In Ontario, this is known ge netically as the New Hamburg process, as it was first applied in the early 1980s in New Hamburg in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario. It is known from pa pers presented that similar technology has been applied in other jurisdictions.

Effluents from facultative lagoon cells can have problems with elevated ammonia and hydrogen sulphide (H,S) levels in the spring, after the ice comes off, until aerobic conditions return. In

the summer, algae blooms elevate sus pended solids levels in the effluent and, as blooms die off in the late Fall, there

Aerial view ofDundaik lagoon system following 1984 expansion. Photo - Bob Willcocks

can be an increase in BOD levels. Both

conditions make the effluent unaccept

cause ambient liquid temperatures fall

able under the Ontario surface water

to less than 4°C. This is the lowest vi

quality objectives. The addition of the

through nitrification. Exposure to oxy gen also removes the H,S. The media acts as a physical barrier to the migra

able temperature for maintaining nitri fication, established in pilot testing at McMaster University. Depending upon the location in Ontario, the original treat ment and storage requirement of 180 days has been reduced to a three or four month storage period, effectively in creasing the 'capacity' of the same la goon volume by 33 - 50%.

This article discusses a project de signed to be constructed during 2000 to provide a different form offiltration sys

tion of effluent solids into the final ef

tem which can allow for winter dis

fluent.

need to retain effluent for the coldest

charge of lagoon effluent, potentially shortening the retention period to as lit tle as two months while allowing for continuous discharge for the balance of the year, if necessary. The limitation to two months may not apply in cases where temperatures are more moderate.

In this particular case, an effluent total ammonia criterion which requires nitri fication has not been applied by the Ministry.

As is discussed below, the primary focus for effluent improvement is phos phorous along with overall reductions

winter months when the nitrification

in BOD and TSS. The new criterion

treatment could not be maintained be-

accepts unionized ammonia as the win ter ammonia requirement, while dis charge in the summer regulates the total

intermittent sand filter as an add-on ef

fluent treatment was designed to address these issues. The intermittent sand fil

ter exposes lagoon effluent to open air to provide oxygen and to coarse sand media to provide a growth site for bac teria which promotes the conversion of ammonia in the effluent to nitrate

The Ontario Ministry of the Environ ment has accepted the process as a la goon enhancement which allows for continuous discharge of effluent which has been accepted as Best Available Technology (BAT). With this enhance ment, some projects allow for continu ous effluent discharge for an extended period instead of the twice yearly sea sonal discharge which requires a 180day retention period. The limiting fac tor to the process was established as the

By R. Willcocks, P. Eng., Triton Engineering Services Ltd.

ammonia which also meets the union

ized requirement.

60

Background In 1984,Triton Engineering designed a 'post-aeration' lagoon system for the Village of Dundalk which is located some 125-km northwest of Toronto. The

facultative lagoon system was also ex panded to a four-cell system to provide 180 days of retention at an increased design flow. There were allowances made in the lagoon volume calculations for sludge retention and to allow for a carryover volume. Alum is added to the raw wastewater at the pumping station for phosphorous treatment. The lagoons generally operate in a four-cell series pattern although cell number three acts as a bypass receptor for the pumping sta tion, so it receives raw wastewater dur

ing wet weather conditions or during power failures. The sewer system is prone to elevated I/I flows leading to relatively weak wastewater during wet ter periods.

As far as is known,the post-aeration system in Dundalk was unique in Ontario and not, perhaps, replicated at any other location.

The Ministry had concerns related to elevated levels of hydrogen sulphide which could be discharged from a la goon during winter discharge. This sys tem was installed before the New Ham

burg system was accepted as a standard design approach. In a New Hamburg system there is no discharge during the

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

Lagoon Effluent coldest months and when there is, the exposure to oxygen also treats the hy drogen sulphide. As lagoons typically nitrify throughout the summer, the ma jor proportion of the lagoon effluent which is discharged during the Fall is nitrified. Discharge of winter effluent

The Ministry's Southwest Region provided new effluent criteria which saw a general lowering of the effluent pa rameters of BOD,SS and phosphorous levels. With respect to effluent ammo nia concentrations, discharges in the winter have to meet the unionized am

can reflect increased levels of ammonia

monia criterion and not a total ammo

and,as both ammonia and hydrogen sul phide are toxic to aquatic organisms,

nia criterion which is an important dif ference from the typical approach. A continuous discharge lagoon in Niagaraon-the-Lake is the only other project

there is a need to treat for these or to

prevent them from forming.

In Dundalk, ammonia was not con

sidered to be a primary concern because there is an intermittent flow municipal drain which acts as the mixing zone be fore effluent reaches the Grand River.

The 1984 work focussed on the re

moval of hydrogen sulphide, although there was some discussion whether an

elevated dissolved oxygen level in the effluent would also serve to strip am monia as well. Since the lagoons were expanded and the post aeration cell was installed, the system has been generally drained over the entire winter and fill

ing of the lagoons starts in the spring.

The effluent has been generally well within the 1984 Approval parameters.

System operating problems arose as the result ofincreased flows during sum mer and Fall wet years. There have been occasions when the lagoons are full be fore the prescribed start of the discharge period. The Ministry directed that the municipality evaluate alternative means to increase the lagoon capacity. During dry years, there is an abundance of stor age capacity.

Fn[ ^

loWLEDGE Storm Sewer Specification

Hydraolics

which has a similar effluent criterion as far as we know. The effluent criteria

also requires that an objective of 4 mgl of dissolved oxygen(DO)be maintained in the discharge. This is provided by the post-aeration cell.

Structural Design Method

Chemical & Ahrasion Resistance

The effluent criteria can be rational

ized because the receiving watercourse is an intermittent flowing municipal drain which discharges into the upper Grand River some distance away. The drain is considered to be a mixing zone with limited natural flow, essentially being a dry ditch for much of the year.

This Region of the Ministry has ac cepted the dry ditch effluent discharge criteria for a number of years. When effluent is being discharged, which is non-toxic to organic life in the stream, there is a perceived improvement in quality within the stream or ditch. Flow sustains aquatic life which would oth erwise disappear as the stream dries up

Whatever you need te know

about specifying, designing

from natural runoff.

The background of applying the un ionized component of ammonia in the winter relates directly to the toxicity is

Process Selection and Effluent

sue of ammonia and not to the combined

Requirements The Class EA for the project re viewed available treatment options and the selected preferred technical alterna tive was the addition of a post lagoon filter to improve effluent quality and to increase overall capacity without in creasing lagoon volume. The limita tions of the New Hamburg process with respect to minimum operating tempera tures did not permit a sufficiently large capacity increase due to ambient winter temperatures in Dundalk. To allow for increased capacity, the lagoon system has to provide an effluent which can be discharged during the summer. The de sign allows for a total ammonia crite rion but effluent phosphorous levels became the primary constituent of concem. Because lagoons nitrify during the summer through natural processes, the new treatment system did not require an open air filter to provide nitrification.

effects of oxygen demand and toxicity.

Under winter temperature and pH con ditions, meeting of the unionized crite ria can allow for total ammonia concen

trations to be as high as 16 mgl. In a large receiving body such as Lake Ontario or in the case of the dry ditch receiver, the potential for toxicity to af fect marine life is substantially reduced, especially during the winter. In Niagaraon-the-Lake, the upper limit was estab lished at 20 mgl, at which point ammo nia treatment is brought on line to lower the ammonia level. In that particular installation a physical-chemical treat ment process is used for treatment as opposed to filtration. Chemical addi tion precipitates the phosphorous which

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The Dundalk design allows for con tinuous discharge at times of the year when it is necessary to lower levels in Continued overleaf

Environmental Science & Engineering, June 2000

^ CbII800-510-CPPA(Z77Z) Your Information Resource For more information, circle reply card No. 159

Lagoon Effluent the lagoon. The de.sign also allows for an increase in the design capacity with out an increase in lagoon volume. Mod elling of the system considered the volu metric storage requirements during a wet year such as occuiTed during 1996. By allowing for a specific rate of discharge based on the filter capacity, net fill vol umes were calculated per month. It was necessary to size the effluent treatment system to ensure that the lagoon volume storage requirements were not exceeded while still considering that discharge during the coldest months may not be possible. In most years, there will not be a need to strictly control the system although there will be always a need to maintain an adequate buffer. In the de sign year condition, it has been assumed that there will be two months when dis

charge is not necessaiy Description of Project Dundalk has the claim of being the highest municipality above sea level in Southern Ontario, and, being south of Owen Sound, is squarely within the snowbelt region. Accordingly it became essential to consider a filtration system

which could be housed in a building.

The project includes a modified dual train package water treatment filtration unit(manufactured by Napier Reid)fol lowing the aeration cell which is housed in a building. The selection of this type of filter was based on the need to con

sider the impacts of such things as fraz zle ice which can develop in water which is at or slightly below freezing level but which does not freeze because of kinetic

energy. Some heat is added by aeration using diffused air and, as the filter will be housed in a building, further loss of heat is limited. The process will oper ate on batch cycles and with mechani cal pump backwashing, there is more potential to prevent and/or remove fraz zle ice. The basic safeguard against freezing is that it will not be necessary to operate the filter under the coldest temperature conditions.

equipment. Filter backwash water is pumped to the lagoons for retreatment and the source of the backwash water is

stored effluent following the filter. In cases of very large algae blooms, there can be algaecide added to the influent pumping chamber or even the aeration cell.

The focus of this treatment process is a lower effluent phosphorous level.

To allow for lower effluent phosphorous levels, chemical is added before filtra tion in the form of alum or alum sup

plemented with polymer addition dur ing colder temperatures.

Potential Benefits of Process

components to the typical water filtra

As noted, the effluent parameter of most concern is the phosphorous which requires low effluent suspended solids levels to ensure compliance with concen trations of 0.3 mgl or less. While ammo nia is generally regulated between I and 3 mgl for design objectives in the sum mer and winter respectively, there can be

tion unit. This includes mechanical

a case made to focus on the unionized

The filter module includes similar

pumping for backwashing, an air scour for media surface cleaning to remove algae, and separate backwash handling

Michael Hrlbljan Appointed as Vice-President and Director of A&A Bill Chisholm, President of Acres & Associated

Environmental Limited (A&A), is pleased to an nounce that the A&A Board recently appointed Michael Hrlbljan as Vice-President and Director of the Company. Michael will work with our Division Managers in the management and direction of all of A&A's initiatives, including water, wastewater, municipal infrastructure, waste management, elec

ammonia criteria in the winter. With the

presence of the post aeration cell, there is a demonstrated control provided for effluent hydrogen sulphide levels.

The Ministry's Southwest Region has been requiring elevated Dissolved Oxy gen (DO) levels in the effluents from treatment works to mitigate oxygen de mand on the receiver which may have a very low natural DO level. A facility operator at a plant which has this same effluent criteria commented that the best

place to catch fish on the Thames River in the middle of the summer is around

trical, instrumentation & controls and environmen

the outfalls from the three plants which he supervises. In this Region, the New Hamburg systems which are installed have also been required to provide aera

tal assessment. Michael will also continue his role

tion to increase effluent DO levels.

as Manager of the wastewater division.

The major benefit of this approaeh over New Hamburg systems is the con tinued operation for longer periods in the winter. While the water filter provides limited potential for nitrification on the media, the lowering of effluent sus pended solids levels and phosphorous concentrations may be the more appro priate approach in some cases if winter ammonia discharges are considered in terms of the unionized component only.

This would compare to the fact that the New Hamburg filter process does not specifically treat for phosphorous lev

Michael obtained both his Bachelor's and Mas

ter's Degrees from McMaster University. He first graduated in 1985 with his Baccalaureate in Chemical Engineering, followed by his Master's in Environ mental Engineering in 1992, specializing in biological nutrient removal, proc ess optimization and computer control. He has more than 16 years experience in the technical direction and management of wastewater, water and SCADA and controls projects. During this time period, Michael has had increasing responsibilities in engineering design, construction, operations, project man agement and corporate affairs.

Acres & Associated Environmental provides a full range of environmental engineering and management services from its offices in Toronto and Niagara Falls. A&A is supported by a combined staff of more than 1,000 from its affili ated companies - Acres International Limited and Associated Engineering Group.

els and relies on seasonal or continual

Acres &

Associtated 62

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Tel; (416) 622-9502

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Internet: wwwitoronto.aae.on.ca

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