Diabetes Screening: Important Things You Should Know
Diabetes is one of the most common health issues globally. It is believed that nearly 1/3rd of total population with type 2 diabetes mellitus are not aware that they are carrying this serious ailment. That’s because majority of the cases are asymptomatic. Hence, diabetes screening is imperative in such situation for early detection and timely assistance. Early screening helps in reducing diabetic complications and mortality rate. Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine, metabolic and digestive disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels i.e. hyperglycemia. It results from defective insulin secretion or insulin action, or even both. Typically, there are two types of diabetes viz.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
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Diabetes Screening: Important Things You Should Know Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of disease. People with this type of diabetes are asymptomatic in early stages; therefore, they remain undiagnosed for years together. Untreated diabetes is associated with chronic dysfunctions, organ damage or failure. Heart, eyes, kidney, nerves and blood vessels are commonly affected by high blood glucose level. People with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing heart disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and kidney failure. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce the risk of diabetic complications; hence, early screening is the best way to tackle such situation. Diabetes screening is often performed in a day-care set-up or in a doctor’s clinic. The common signs and symptoms of diabetes are increased thirst, increased urination and increased appetite.
The Incidence And Risk Factors The prevalent rate of diabetes in 1995 was nearly 7.5%, which is expected to increase by 9% by 2025. Millions of people are diagnosed with diabetes every year, and majority of them are not even aware that they have high blood glucose level. The risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes are obesity, age, poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcoholism. Genetic predisposition may also play a great role in causing diabetes.
Screening For Diabetes Diabetes screening and diagnostic testing are different. Diagnostic tests are performed when a person exhibits signs and symptoms of diabetes; such tests do not signify screening. Screening is a type of test when an asymptomatic person is likely to develop diabetes. Usually, screening is appropriate in asymptomatic people when –
There is a strong familial history of diabetes
There is an identifiable preclinical stage
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Diabetes Screening: Important Things You Should Know To analyze and evaluate the merits and demerits of diabetes screening and early management, randomized clinical studies would prove to be one of the best means. Early detection and management through screening is effective in lowering the risk of complications. The efficacy of diabetes screening is best when it is done under the supervision of healthcare professionals and in a clinic setup.
Diabetes Screening Tests The best diabetes-screening test is fasting plasma glucose (FPG). FPG and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are suitable tests for diabetes. FPG more than 126 indicates that you need repetitive tests to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes. If repeated FPG values are high, an OGTT is advised. If OGTT or postprandial blood glucose is more than 200, then it concludes that a person is having diabetes. Fasting blood glucose is the reading when a person doesn’t consume any food or beverage for at least eight hours. Postprandial blood sugar is done after 2 hours of regular meal. The HbA1C test is one of the valuable tools for monitoring high blood sugar levels, which is often done every 6 months or as required in diabetic subjects. Blood glucose meter is not the best screening tool for diabetes.
Screening Results If the screening test is negative, it is imperative to keep regular follow-up for diabetes screening, at least every three years or as advised by your physician. However, your physician may ask you to undergo diabetes screening if he/she suspects that you have pre-diabetes, even if your reading is normal.
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Diabetes Screening: Important Things You Should Know On the other hand, if your screening result is positive, you need further diagnostic testing for accurate readings. After a series of diabetes tests, your doctor will confirm the diagnosis and prescribe appropriate medicine. In addition, you need to follow healthy diet, exercise and lifestyle changes to help manage blood sugar within normal limits.
The Conclusion Diabetes Mellitus is not frequently diagnosed until and unless complications occur; nearly 1/3rd of all diabetic people remain undiagnosed and untreated. Once diagnosed, there is a great chance of reducing the complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, heart disease, heart attack or stroke, and others. People with strong familial history, obesity, smoking habit, chronic alcoholism and sedentary lifestyle should undergo regular diabetes screening. People look for various modes of therapies, supplements or herbal products for diabetes cure. Unfortunately, there is no cure to this serious illness. Nevertheless, diabetes is preventable by eating well, exercising, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol and keeping check on your blood pressure and blood cholesterol level.
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