In Progress: per la prova Invalsi di inglese per il V anno della Scuola Secondaria Superiore

IN

Mauretta Bonomi James Morgan Manuel Belotti

progress

█ B1 TRAINING

█ B2 TRAINING

Sviluppo e consolidamento delle competenze di lettura e ascolto previste dal Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento.

Si articolano in: • Use of English comprensione dettagliata di contenuti, con riconoscimento strutturale e lessicale, e sviluppo delle abilità di trasformazione e riformulazione di frasi; • Reading e Listening attività su tematiche e tipologie di quesiti in linea con le indicazioni del documento INVALSI (31 agosto 2018).

M. Bonomi• J. Morgan• M. Belotti

Extensive training in preparation for INVALSI B1 and B2 English language testing

IN

progress

Extensive training in preparation for INVALSI B1 and B2 English language testing

█ INVALSI Test Practice

█ Grammar Recognition

Ripasso e consolidamento delle conoscenze in campo morfosintattico relative alle fasce di competenza B1 e B2.

Libro e contenuti digitali M. Bonomi - J. Morgan - M. Belotti IN progress + Answer Key and Scripts for INVALSI B1 and B2 English language testing

Bonomi_IN progress_cop.indd 2-3

COD 18732K

Questo volume sprovvisto del talloncino a fronte (o altrimenti contrassegnato) è da considerarsi copia SAGGIO – CAMPIONE GRATUITO fuori commercio (vendita ed altri atti di disposizione vietati: art. 17 c. 2 L. 633/1941). Esente da I.V.A. (D.P.R. 2610-1972 n. 633, art. 2 c. 3 lett. D). Esente da bolla di accompagnamento (D.P.R. 6-101978 n. 627, art. 4 n. 6)

ISBN 978-88-416-4374-7

18732K

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K B s 32 n + ript 7 a 7 18 org ess Sc 47 r d M 3 n iog a -4 m pr key 16 no 4 o B IN er K 88 w 8s 7 9 An BN S I

pp. 144 + 24

Bonomi - Morgan - Belotti IN progress + Answer Key and Scripts Prezzo al pubblico

€ 00,00 (IVA 4% inclusa)

Scuola secondaria di II grado Computer-based activities

for INVALSI B1 and B2 English language testing

Tutti gli esercizi e gli audio sono eseguibili in modalità computer based.

Accedi alla piattaforma dell’ su www.europassedizioni.it e www.principato.it

IN progress

Una prova di lettura-comprensione composta da 5 brani (due di livello B1 e tre di livello B2).

Una prova di ascolto-comprensione composta da 5 parti (due di livello B1 e tre di livello B2).

B1 TRAINING B2 TRAINING

INVALSI Test Practice Grammar Recognition 01/10/18 15:34

Mauretta Bonomi James Morgan Manuel Belotti

IN

progress

Extensive training in preparation for INVALSI B1 and B2 English language testing Scuola secondaria di II grado Computer-based activities

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

IN

progress

Extensive training in preparation for INVALSI B1 and B2 English language testing IN progress è uno strumento didattico che ha come finalità primaria la preparazione alla prova INVALSI di inglese al termine del secondo ciclo di istruzione.

Il manuale propone un allenamento estensivo con ampio materiale di esercitazione per lo sviluppo e il raggiungimento delle abilità di lettura e ascolto ai livelli di prestazione B1 e B2, necessari per il superamento della prova INVALSI. È utile anche per sostenere gli esami di certificazione esterna PET, FCE e IELTS. Il testo offre anche la possibilità di un’accurata revisione della conoscenza e dell’uso delle principali strutture morfosintattiche e delle funzioni della lingua inglese.

IN progress è suddiviso in quattro sezioni: B1 TRAINING

B2 TRAINING

INVALSI Test Practice

Grammar Recognition

B1 TRAINING e B2 TRAINING costituiscono la sezione preparatoria per lo sviluppo e il consolidamento graduale delle competenze di lettura e ascolto, in linea con le descrizioni del Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento.

Le due sezioni sono così articolate: • Use of English è focalizzato sulla comprensione dettagliata di contenuti, con riconoscimento strutturale e lessicale, e sviluppa le abilità di trasformazione e riformulazione di frasi necessarie per rispondere in modo accurato alle domande aperte degli esami.

• Reading e Listening introducono un consistente corpus di esercizi che seguono le tematiche e le tipologie dei quesiti previste dal documento INVALSI pubblicato il 31 agosto 2018 (vedi pagina 140).

READING Part 3 - Short open answers

Don’t be a bore, travel more

WORD FORMATION 2

For questions 1 – 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the It’s now (0) D 7 years since I sold old everything lines and left the aUnited States to form word that fitstointravel the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). a one-way flight from Miami to Guatemala the world. It all started when I (1)

City, jumping (2)

Day 1 - Sat Saturday u Leave PARIS RIS CHARLES DE GAULLE at 9.30 a.m. arriving in Catania at 12.05 p.m. On arrival a Air r at Catania Airport transfer to the hotel. The afternoon will be free, perhaps to relax in the hotel g po o swimming pool. d overnight ov v Dinner and accommodation.

LISTENING

Day 2 - Sun Sunday n

1 – Multiple withand visuals Departure e to Syracuse S to visitPart the famous Latomie ofchoice the Paradise the “Dyonisius Ear”.

Afternoon visit visi to the Cathedral and Arethuse Fountain. Continue to Ragusa to visit the historical centre of Ragusa Ibla.

Rag g

into the unknown nkn and leaving much of my old life behind.

THE WEEPING WOMAN

of people If there’s one thing I’ve noticed over ver the t past 7 years it is that (3) for why they can’t cky I am while making (4) back home love to tell me how lucky Of the many women Picasso knew in his (0) life , Dora Maar I suggest travel, such as “It’s too expensive”” or “I can’t get time off work”. (5) was the mostBecause intelligent and talented. She was an (1) st don’t take action. solutions to these “problems”, theyy still Why? they’re good painter, a brilliant photographer, beautiful and excellent company. the true reason: they’re ey’r scared. often (6) In brief, her artistic (2) had made her someone , some of you would likee to go around the world, but never do. You don’t in the world before met Picasso.

(8) 8) . Start with a weekend in ashe different state, need to become a vagabond like I (8 ntry next door. then maybe a few days in the country

(7)

While she was his lover Dora was the subject of (3)

. Career breaks are ou can make it (9) If you truly want to travel more, you tender paintings, but it is as the “Weeping Woman” that Dora has your pets. o would w possible and you have friends who love to look (10) the (4) to be known today.

It’s a big, beautiful, fascinating world orld out there.

The (5)

, all acid greens and reds and yellows,

0 A

lasted

B

d passed

C

1 A

took

B

flew

C

2 A

quietly

B

y hardly

C

with deadly white Y hands and handkerchief clutched to the woman’s spent D been between a face, sums up DPicasso’s moved wentview of the (6) man and a woman “two bodies (7) in barbed wire, nervously D assimply

3 A

most

B

lots

C

feweach tearing the D other many to pieces”.

4 A

criticisms

B

ssio confessions

C

5 A

Till

B

Unless s

C

excuses D apologies Dora suffered a (8) ButWhen their affair D ended When

6 A

hiding

B

ing revealing

C

showing keeping breakdown andDdrifted into a life of solitude.

7 A

Rarely

B

kfully Thankfully

C

Luckily

D

Unfortunately

8 A

do

B

will

C

would

D

did

9 A

start

B

en happen

C

become

D

realize

10 A

after

B

for

C

at

D

up

LIVE EXCEPTIONAL

PERSON

town. Proceed oceed to Trapani and Marsala to see the salt windmills, and back to Palermo.

Day 6 - Thu Thursday u After breakfast akfass departure for Cefalù and visit the Arab-Norman Cathedral, then go round Etna Park A accommodation in Giardini Naxos. B ocee e before proceeding to Taormina for dinner and

NUMBER

Day 7 - Friday Frid d

A full day in Taormina.

T Optional excursion Mount Etna.go In yesterday? the evening be ready for a farewell 1 Where did to the woman fam dinner in a famous restaurant in the centre of Taormina. Departure at 8 a.m. the following day.

FORTUNE PORTRAY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

RELATION WRAP

NERVE

Read the following article. Six sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences (A – G) on the next page the one which fits each gap (1 – 6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Number 1 is given as an example.

Banks failing to connect with women are missing out

Women reported ported finding financial advisers buying their home compared to half of women. ut w were twice as likely to recommend However, Kantar’s research shows that women There are seven questions in this part. For each question n th there h are three arrogant, pictures but and Day 3 - Mo Monday o bankit.if sa satisfied with its service Women’s are less financially confident. 5 below a short recording. Choose the correct picture and put a tick k (Y) in the boxtheir Departure e to Caltagirone, C centre trackof 1 ceramic production in Sicily, followed by a trip to Villa Romana lower engagement is also a major factor behind There is an example at the beginning (0). e, famous fa a del Casale, for its well-preserved mosaics. Leave for Agrigento and visit the nearby Valley Banks are failin failing to connect with women their concerns and shortfalls in retirement mple e (the temples of Juno, Concord, Heracles, Zeus, Castor and Pollux). of the Temples nanc advisers as arrogant, selfwho view financial income. Men’s average retirement savings of 0 At what time does the concert start?

Day 4 - Tue Tuesday e interested and untrustworthy, according to new £73,600 are three times more than women’s Part 8 – Sentence completion After breakfast akfass departure to Palermo. First stop in Monreale to visit the Cathedral and the research. The rreport suggests that financial at £24,900, according to the latest figures.

Benedictine in the Arab-Norman style. Lunch will be at your own expense and convenience. ne Cloister C institutions are losing out on a £130bn This makes improved engagement of women in In the afternoon, a tour of the centre of Palermo, including the Cathedral, the Palatine Chapel and erno o will hear a talk on the future of money. For questions 1 – 8, complete the ppo business opportunity by not appealingYou to women the Royal Palace.

Pala the financial sector a social imperative as well sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the recording. track 14experiences because they ey ffail to develop client as commercial opportunity.

Day 5 - We Wednesday e Number 1 is given as an example. rooted in men and women’s fundamentally On to Segesta gesta to admire the Doric Temple and the Theatre. Continue to Erice, a medieval hilltop

B1 TRAINING

B1 TRAINING

h an Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Part 4 – Gapped text – Summary completion

ary Itinerary

How long willl the flight from Paris take?

Two hours thirty-five minutes Which towns wns will the tourists visit on Sunday?

Two hours thirta-five minutes What is Villa lla Romana R del Casale famous for?

Two hours thirta-five minutes V Where is the Valley of the Temples?

Two hours thirta-five minutes ot included in n What is not in the cost of the visit minutes A to Monreale? Two hours thirta-five B When will the e tourists go to Palermo?

Two hours thirta-five minutes What kind and of reading has become lately?

What will the tourists see 2near Trapani Marsala?

Two more hourspopular thirta-five minutes Where willl the e tourists spend the night on Wednesday?

Two hours thirta-five minutes ursii to Mount Etna compulsory?

Is the excursion Two hours thirta-five minutes e will wil the tourists leave Taormina on Saturday? Two hours thirta-five minutes What time

18

A

B

. . . . . . . . . .

LISTENING

B2 TRAINING

ocations and grammar in a short text Using correct vocabulary, collocations MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 1

READING

THE JEWELS THE JEW ELSOF OF SICILY SICILY ESCORTED ESCORTED TOURTOUR

B2 TRAINING

USE OF ENGLISH

B1 TRAINING

Read the itinerary, then answer the questions with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS. Number 1 is given as an example.

different perspectives on finance.

The need for a more rounded approach to erspe marketingTHE is already being recognised by FUTURE OF MONEY ind out the differences between 1 D To find some major banking brands. 6 This is C Y men’s and wom women’s relationship to finance, in marked traditionally 1 The Yap in Micronesia use contrast stonesto theasbank’s a cerimonial form of currency. the report’ss au authors interviewed over 2,000 more competitive, ‘macho’ public image. If this men and wome women, analysed over million trend continues – and there is no reason to 2 1.5 Money is ______________ about value. social media posts, used Facial Recognition ia p think that it won’t – then it may well change Technologyy (FR (FRT) to analyse reactions 3 Over to the last 20 years people have started the face of banking forever.using ______________. d an adverts and analysed TGI* data, which offers * TGI stands for Target Group Index. a complete view of consumer 4behaviour and e vie The lack of cooperation between financial services increases ______________.

It’s a standard term for research into consumer attitudes, motivations. s. 2 habits, motivations, etc.

5 Bitcoin is ______________ form of cryptocurrency.

According to th the report, women tend to focus more on relationships and family life whenBitcoins is worth roughly $ ______________. elatio 6 100,000 C dealing with h fin finances than men, who are 7 IfWomen we usealso cryptocurrencies we no longer need to depend on ______________ for our interested in p products and price. have less time than men to plan transactions. for their future. 3 By 2020, they will hold over half ble a of investable assets.

8 Cryptocurrencies allow us to send money around ______________ without extra fees.

The report sho shows that satisfied female clients are twice as lik likely to recommend their bank, they typically hold more savings, mortgage and lly h general insurance suran products than men and are more loyal. 4 Indeed, an extraordinary C two thirds of m men under-estimated the cost of

3 What has Lisa become interested in recently?

46 6

A 35

B

C

22

2 62

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING B2

‘Flexitarianism’ on the rise The word flexitarianism refers to a kind of flexible eating regimen which iss mostly m vegetarian, but allows for occasional meat dishes.

We all know that less meat in our diet is good for our health but also for the planet, and it seems more and more of us are consciously making an effort to cutt down do o on our meat consumption in exchange for alternative protein sources. According cord d nds of the to a recent study, flexitarianism is going to be one of the biggest food trends coming decades.

Part 3 1 Read the following article, then answer the questions.

Evolving athletic performance with the help of technology A Technology and engineering are serious all-rounders in the sporting world. They make an impact everywhere, from goal-line technology to detailed analysis of performance data and the biomechanics of how the body moves. Technology even affects what athletes wear.

One of the biggest advances regarding technology in sport is in the materials we use. One example, the LZR racer swim suit, reduced drag by compressing a swimmer’s body into a more hydrodynamic shape. It was used at the most recent Olympics by 90 per cent of race winners in the pool.

After the rise and fall of clean eating, flexitarianism is emerging as a much h more m achievable alternative to going full vegetarian or vegan without completely y eliminating meat.

Of course, this way of eating isn’t new, but it’s becoming increasingly popular pula a thanks in part to high-profile champions including Sir Richard Branson, Emma mm m Thompson and Paul McCartney. Studies have shown that cutting down on me meat e has a number of health benefits including reduced risk of diabetes, cancer and d heart disease, and flexitarianism gives people a way to improve their health without out giving up burgers and steaks for good.

B Universities throughout the UK are constantly looking for new ways to develop and apply technology within sport. Some of the research focuses on how virtual environments could be used to train elite rugby players; others use very modern equipment to investigate how tennis players move around the court. It’s not only about building better athletes, though. Driving elite performance has intrinsic value, but there are other important aspects such as athlete safety and participation. On the safety side, protective gear is progressing in leaps and bounds towards a perfect synthesis of strength and subtlety (consider the robust yet lightweight cycling helmets of today compared with the burdensome models of the past). Participation might mean getting people involved in a sport, or using tech to enable people to engage in sports more easily.

What’s more, with the rise of ethical and sustainable living, more of us want ant to help improve the planet – some organisations have estimated that the livestockk sector sec c could be responsible for as much as 51% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

So one of the solutions is to go flexitarian, and many y nutritionists think wee will all be doingg it in the near future.

C Researchers are becoming increasingly excited about the practical implications of sports work includes developing shuttlecocks that fly well technology. One university’s current w in the open air, so that more people can access badminton by playing it outside in public eeople ca Butt that’s not the only way we’re set to th h spaces. Meanwhile, their work on the tennis court has other applications, including working improve pro o our health in the next few years with patients with balance problems blems to b o observe and quantify their movement. More – health heal food experts predict a rise in remarkably, technology has been developed een deve eloped which enables athletes to monitor and control non-wheat pasta (made with quinoa, for n-w w their brainwaves. The latest research search d demonstrates that this brain-training can be used to Part 2foods which are example), legumes, and1 amp p help athletes focus under pressure, while ure, wh u hile also having applications outside of sport in the high gh iin antioxidants, such as blueberries treatment of various psychological conditions. iical con nditions.

You will hear a conversation between two friends about a newspaper article. rticle. Answer Part 1 4 and peppers. dp D With graduates going on to furtherr research or working with national bodies and track 18 questions 7 – 12 and questions 13 – 16. universi u ities adotalk major sports brands, the work universities around technology willFor continue to 26 – 35, complete You will hear aboutsports Benjamin Franklin. questions have an impact in both sports performance perform p mance and wider healthTHAN contexts, notWORDS to mention our NUMBERS from the 66 NO MORE FOUR AND/OR track 20 the sentences with Questions 7 – 12 ability to adjudicate with increasing precision aasing pr recision onanquestions a foul has recording.

There is exampleofatwhether the beginning (0). been Complete the sentences with the six correct endings from the options A – I. There re are two committed, a goal has been scored, ored, orr one runner has crossed the finish line before another. o extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning g (0).

0 Franklin is famous for being one of the Founding Fathers of the The technologies available to researchers eesearch hers enable previously unanswerable questions to beUSA. 0 The cave is located A around 16 years old.addressed, with a greater level of accu accuracy uracy in data than had previously been possible.

LISTENING B1

– una prova di lettura-comprensione composta da 5 brani, (due di livello B1 e tre di livello B2)

LISTENING B2

B be moved.

7 None of the boys

C were hurt.

8 The boys are all aged

70 D resulted in several injuries. es.

9 The boys were gathering

E to contact anyone by phone. hone.

F in Yorkshire. Y

10 The rocks could not

G were not in the cave.

11 The boys were unable

H samples for a science trip. ip.

I

12 Fortunately, two of the boys 0 F

7

8

is unknown to this day.

9

10

11

INVALSI Test Practice

INVALSI Test Practice

Con la sezione INVALSI Test Practice lo studente familiarizza con una proposta di test INVALSI e diventa consapevole dei livelli raggiunti.

Secondo quanto indicato nelle direttive del documento del 31 agosto 2018, il test comprende:

Part 1 Read the following article, then answer the questions. There is an example at the e be beginning e (0).

INVALSI Test Practice

INVALSI Test Practice

READING B1

26 Franklin was the only man who signed _________________________, The American Constitution and The Treaty of Paris.

27 Franklin reached the top of society despite receving just two years of __________________________.

28 He sought self-improvement by taking on __________________________ which benefitted society.

29 In Pennsylvania, Franklin was instrumental in creating a university and a __________________________ for low-income citizens.

12

30 His scientific achievements include demonstrating that electricity and __________________________ are the same thing.

– una prova di ascolto-comprensione composta da 5 parti, (due di livello B1 e tre di livello B2).

Questions 13 – 16

31 His biggest literary influence was ________________, who fought for the freedom

Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the recording. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 Who had the boys’ phones?

of journalists.

32 Franklin was also opposed to the institution of __________________________.

The group leader.

13 Where did the boys learn Morse code?

33 Franklin was the first American politician to put forward the unification of __________________________.

14 What is Morse code?

15 Where did the group leader direct the boys?

34 He is considered a representative of __________________________ through financial prudence and hard work.

16 Who came to save the boys?

I quesiti sono 40 per ogni prova (INVALSI ne prevede un numero compreso tra 35 e 40) e sono in linea con i suggerimenti del documento sopracitato.

35 Franklin passed away on __________________________.

78 80

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

Grammar Recognition è una sezione finale organizzata su due fasce di competenza – B1 e B2 – e fornisce agli studenti l’opportunità di un consolidamento delle loro conoscenze in campo morfosintattico. In questo modo coloro che ancora avessero difficoltà nel riconoscimento di strutture e funzioni potranno effettuare una revisione linguistica accurata non solo in classe, ma anche a livello autonomo o durante le vacanze.

❶

Simple Present/Past – Present/Past Continuous

Match the sentences with the functions they express.

1 When we arrived Ken was making tea.

a habitual action

B21 d GRAMMAR RECOGNITION

2 When we arrived Ken made tea.

b general opinion

2

3 We are meeting George outside the school.

4 We often meet George outside the school.

5 What do you think about the proposal?

c temporary action d past action in progress Y e planned action

3 4 5

6 What are you thinking about the proposal?

f

6

action completed in the past ast

Use of the definite and indefinite article – (the) one / (the) ones

❶

Complete the sentences using a/an or the. Put an X where the article is not necessary.

1 _______ last summer my friend went to _______ Ibiza for _______ week but he spent all his

❷

time in _______ prison. It was _______ case of _______ mistaken identity. Unfortunately he

Choose the grammatically correct sentence.

had _______ bad luck to look like _______ international drug trafficker.

1

a b

We took a path that was leading down to the beach.

2

a b

I was watching TV when there was a blackout.

3

a b

Are you sure you aren’t coming to the lake with us?

Are you sure you don’t come to the lake with us?

a

I’m afraid we can’t drink this milk. It smells sour.

b

I’m afraid we can’t drink this milk. It’s smelling sour.

a

Who did you speak to when I saw you in town?

I fancy enrolling on _______ course on _______ computer design as _______ facilities there

b

Who were you speaking to when I saw you in town?

are especially good for anyone wanting to take up _______ technically oriented activities.

4 5

❸

We took a path that led to the beach.

2 Margaret plays _______ cello so brilliantly that _______ instrument seems to come alive. _______ famous music critic said that she is _______ genius, whose _______ interpretation

I watched TV when there was a blackout.

of Bach is without _______ equal.

3 _______ very long and expensive bureaucratic procedures are _______ thing of _______ past since _______ introduction of _______ online banking.

4 We’ve got _______ vast choice of what we can do at _______ St Mary’s summer school.

5 If I were granted _______ wish I would hope to be _______ next winner of _______ national Choose the correct verbal form to complete the sentences.

lottery so that I could buy _______ camper. I would go on _______ long holiday visiting all _______ countries in _______ South America. Well, it’s _______ nice dream, don’t you think?

1 “Why does Mark look so sad?” “Mm, he ____________ through tough times at work.” a goes

b is going

c went

2 While Harry was having a drink at the bar, his wife ____________ on the beach. a was sunbathing

b sunbathes

❷

Complete the leaflet with the definite article or an X where it is not necessary.

IDYLLIC RETREATS

c sunbathed

3 Susan ____________ some war poetry in English at school. She liked it. a was reading

b reads

c read

(1) ________ British Virgin Islands offer (2) ________ peace, quiet and a very warm

welcome – not to mention some of (3) ________ finest coastlines in all (4) ________ Caribbean.

4 What a terrible noise! ____________ the grass in the park again? a Did they cut

b Are they cutting

c Do they cut

❹ Complete the sentences with the correct tense (Simple Present/Past, Present/Past t/Past Continuous) using the hints in brackets.

1 My father usually ________ (fly) to London, but tomorrow he ________ (travel) byy train.

2 “Why ________ (the dog/start) barking?” “Because he ________ (see) a stranger near the gate.” ay) y ?”

3 “We ________ (spend) next weekend in Paris.” “Great! Where ________ (you/stay)?”

4 Maria ________ (make) a lot of friends while she ________ (study) in Canada lastt year.

82

Tortola

Virg i n G orda

(5) ________ Isle of Tortola, where (6) ________ most residents live, boasts miles of (7) ________ deserted beaches and a ‘laid back’ atmosphere. Take a trip (8) ________ north to (9) ________ Cane Garden Bay for (10) ________ best bathing, or up (11) ________ Mount Sage, 1780ft high, for (12) ________ superb views over (13) ________ tropical forests.

Visit more than twenty fine coves, (14) ________ amazing giant boulders of ‘The Baths’ and its paradise ‘cays’ including (15) ________ Norman Island – reputedly (16) ________ Stephenson’s original setting place for one of his masterpieces.

124

Tutti gli esercizi e gli audio sono eseguibili in modalità computer based.

Accedi alla piattaforma dell’eBook su www.europassedizioni.it www.principato.it

Soluzioni degli esercizi e trascrizioni dei brani di ascolto IN progress è accompagnato da un fascicolo che contiene le soluzioni di tutti gli esercizi e le trascrizioni dei brani di ascolto per permettere un immediato riscontro autocorrettivo.

3 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

CONTENTS

B2 TRAINING

B1 TRAINING Use of English

Use of English

Using correct vocabulary, collocations and grammar in a short text

Using correct vocabulary, collocations and grammar in a short text

• Multiple-choice cloze 1 • Multiple-choice cloze 2 • Multiple-choice cloze 3 • Multiple-choice cloze 4 • Multiple-choice cloze 5

6 7 8 9 10

Rephrasing and reformulating information • Sentence transformation 1 • Sentence transformation 2 • Sentence transformation 3

11 13 13

• Multiple-choice cloze 1 • Multiple-choice cloze 2 • Multiple-choice cloze 3 • Open cloze 1 • Open cloze 2 • Open cloze 3

28 29 30 31 32 33

Completing a text with missing words formed from root words • Word formation 1 • Word formation 2 • Word formation 3

34 35 36

Rephrasing and reformulating information • Sentence transformation 1 • Sentence transformation 2

37 39

Reading

Reading Part 1 – Short texts with multiple-choice questions Part 2 – Matching Part 3 – Short open answers Part 4 – Four-option multiple choice Part 5 – True-False-Not Given Part 6 – Four-option multiple choice – Sentence completion

14 16 18 19 20 21

Part 1 – Four-option multiple choice Part 2 – Three-option multiple choice – Sentence completion Part 3 – Four-option multiple choice – Understanding vocabulary Part 4 – Gapped text – Summary completion Part 5 – Information matching – Ending matching Part 6 – Information matching – Question and answer matching Part 7 – Heading matching – Information matching Part 8 – True-False-Not Given – Diagram labelling

40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54

Listening

Listening Part 1 - Multiple choice with visuals Part 2 – Three-option multiple choice Part 3 – Gap-fill Part 4 – Ending matching Part 5 – Three-option multiple choice – Sentence completion Part 6 – Gap-fill – Map labelling

22 24 25 25 26 27

Part 1 – Three-option multiple choice Part 2 – Multiple matching Part 3 – Three-option multiple choice Part 4 – Multiple matching Part 5 – Four-option multiple choice Part 6 – Ending matching Part 7 – True-False-Not Given Part 8 – Sentence completion Part 9 – Sentence completion Part 10 – Diagram labelling – Sentence completion

4 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

56 57 58 59 60 61 61 62 63 64

INVALSI Test Practice Reading

Listening

B1 Part 1

66

B1 Part 1

76

B1 Part 2

68

B1 Part 2

78

B2 Part 3

70

B2 Part 3

79

B2 Part 4

72

B2 Part 4

80

B2 Part 5

74

B2 Part 5

81

Grammar Recognition B1

Use of tenses • • • • • • •

Simple Present/Past – Present/Past Continuous Present Perfect vs Simple Past Past Perfect The Future: To be going to – Simple Future If-clauses type 1 – Time clauses Present Conditional – If-clauses type 2 The Passive Voice (Simple Present – Simple Past)

82 83 84 85 86 87 88

Modals • Can – Could – May • Must vs To have to

89 90

• Shall - Should

91

Countable/Uncountable nouns – Some-Any-No

92

Use of definite and indefinite article (I)

93

Quantifiers and Determiners

94

Comparatives and Superlatives

97

Relative clauses • Defining relative clauses

100

B2

Wish

111

Modals • Can – Could – To be able – To manage – To succeed • May – Might – To be likely • Must vs To have to • Should/Ought to – Had better • Would rather • Need

114 115 116 117 118 120

Compound words – Order of adjectives

121

Distributives and Determiners

122

Use of definite and indefinite article – (the) one / (the) ones

124

Comparatives and Superlatives – Like – As – Such as/like

126

Relative clauses

Prepositions • Prepositions of location, movement, time

• If-clauses type 3 – If-clauses: type 1 - type 2 - type 3 110 • The Passive Voice: all verbs forms – It is said…

– You are said… – To have/get sth done 112

101

Verbs and adjectives followed by prepositions

103

Phrasal verbs

104

Use of tenses • Simple Past – It’s (high) time… – Used to/Would 106 • Present/Past Perfect Simple vs Present/Past Perfect Continuous – It’s/It was the first time…

107 • Perfect forms with duration – How long is/was it since…?

108

• Defining and Non-defining – Wh-ever words

128

Use of the infinitive with to or without to – To let - To make - To get

130

Verbs followed by the -ing form and/ or to-infinitive

132

Verbs and adjectives followed by prepositions

134

Reported speech

135

Phrasal verbs

136

Connectors

139

La prova INVALSI di inglese al termine del secondo ciclo di istruzione

140

5 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH Using correct vocabulary, collocations and grammar in a short text

B1 TRAINING

MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 1 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Don’t be a bore, travel more It’s now (0) D 7 years since I sold everything and left the United States to travel the world. It all started when I (1) a one-way flight from Miami to Guatemala City, jumping (2) into the unknown and leaving much of my old life behind. of people If there’s one thing I’ve noticed over the past 7 years it is that (3) back home love to tell me how lucky I am while making (4) for why they can’t travel, such as “It’s too expensive” or “I can’t get time off work”. (5) I suggest solutions to these “problems”, they still don’t take action. Why? Because they’re often (6) the true reason: they’re scared. , some of you would like to go around the world, but never do. You don’t need to become a vagabond like I (8) . Start with a weekend in a different state, then maybe a few days in the country next door.

(7)

If you truly want to travel more, you can make it (9) . Career breaks are possible and you have friends who would love to look (10) your pets.

It’s a big, beautiful, fascinating world out there.

0 A

lasted

B

passed

C

spent

D Y been

1 A

took

B

flew

C

moved

D

went

2 A

quietly

B

hardly

C

nervously

D

simply

3 A

most

B

lots

C

few

D

many

4 A

criticisms

B

confessions

C

excuses

D

apologies

5 A

Till

B

Unless

C

But

D

When

6 A

hiding

B

revealing

C

showing

D

keeping

7 A

Rarely

B

Thankfully

C

Luckily

D

Unfortunately

8 A

do

B

will

C

would

D

did

9 A

start

B

happen

C

become

D

realize

10 A

after

B

for

C

at

D

up

6 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 2 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

MELBOURNE Melbourne is (0)

A

second largest city. It was founded in 1835 and it was named in

honour of Lord Melbourne, the British Prime Minister at that time.

Today it is a relaxed, friendly city (1)

many people consider the fashion, food and

cultural centre of the country. a wonderful mixture of colonial and modern architecture.

The city (2)

significant examples are the cathedral dating from 1842 and the Rialto

The (3)

skyscraper. In (4)

, Melbourne is full of green areas. Two in particular are of interest: Cook’s

The Royal Botanic Gardens and Fitzroy Gardens, where tourists can look (5) cottage brought from Yorkshire and rebuilt in the park to (6)

Melbourne’s 100th

birthday. around the world. In 1768 he was

James Cook was an explorer famous for his (7)

for the large

appointed commander of a scientific expedition to the South Seas to (8)

continent which people then believed existed. On his ship, the Endeavour, he navigated (9) the west and he finally reached the eastern coast of Australia which he claimed for Britain.

Cook and his men returned to England via South Africa there years after their (10)

.

0 A Y Australia’s

B

Australian

C

Australian’s

D

Australians

1 A

whom

B

which

C

whose

D

who

2 A

gives

B

proposes

C

offers

D

consists

3 A

most

B

better

C

more

D

best

4 A

order

B

fact

C

spite

D

addition

5 A

on

B

up

C

around

D

after

6 A

celebrate

B

recognize

C

reflect

D

remind

7 A

rides

B

outings

C

cruises

D

voyages

8 A

discover

B

look

C

find

D

locate

9 A

towards

B

along

C

around

D

from

disembarking

B

landing

C

arrival

D

departure

10 A

7 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 3

B1 TRAINING

Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

The big business of ugly fashion Ugly fashion is big business, but for shoes it has now (0) A something of a competition. This week saw the (1) _______ of the $140 “Sport” Sock Croc – part Croc, part tube sock – and the Nike Benassi bum bag sandals.

Although aesthetically worlds apart, they do share (2) _________ time-saving principles. The Sock Croc brings together two elements of the ugly shoe (3) _______ in one – Crocs and Sock sandals. The Benassi bum bag sandal, meanwhile, is a type of open shoe (4) _______ a small zipped bum bag, instead of a foot strap, (5) _______ you to carry very small things (6) _______ your feet.

(7) _______ both sound like a joke – quite possibly both are – the (8) _______ way to sell

a pair of shoes, it seems, is to describe them as ugly and they actually mark a style that it is impossible to ignore. For one, it’s harder to find normal footwear (9) _______ horrid one. And, second, we are simply (10) _______ a perfect storm of bad taste. It might be interesting to see where this fad goes next.

0 A Y become

B

shown

C

found

D

developed

1 A

start

B

launch

C

begin

D

introduce

2 A

no

B

little

C

lots

D

some

3 A

taste

B

use

C

choice

D

trend

4 A

with

B

for

C

in

D

without

5 A

letting

B

making

C

allowing

D

obliging

6 A

on

B

in

C

by

D

under

7 A

And

B

While

C

When

D

Where

8 A

fast

B

fastly

C

faster

D

fastest

9 A

than

B

as

C

that

D

like

seeing

B

looking

C

witnessing

D

evidencing

10 A 8

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 4 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

I READ IT IN THE PAPER! It is surprising how (0) C little errors of fact are published by journalists who want to (1) the truth, and how easily we accept what we read in the newspapers as true.

Have you (2) heard people saying: “Of course it’s true. I read it in the paper!”?

We all tend to accept the authority of the written word, but sometimes this (3) have interesting consequences. If you (4) Americans: “When was the first bath installed in the USA?”, most of them will tell you: “That was in 1842, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Adam Thompson was the inventor.”

The really well informed (5) continue: “The first bath arrived in the White House in 1851, and did you know that in Boston the bath was (6) illegal in 1845, except under medical supervision?”. But all this history is nonsense, invented by a respected journalist (7) H.L. Mencken, in 1917.

In order to demonstrate that people believe anything they read in the newspapers, including government propaganda, Mencken invented the story of (8) first bath, filled it with rich detail and published it in a famous daily.

The result? Even today we can (9) his historical fiction presented as historical fact. So, how much of (10) we read is true?

0 A

lots

B

few

C Y many

D

much

1 A

say

B

tell

C

ask

D

talk

2 A

never

B

often

C

already

D

ever

3 A

mustn’t

B

must

C

can

D

can’t

4 A

ask

B

asked

C

demand

D

demanded

5 A

won’t

B

will

C

want

D

don’t

6 A

done

B

make

C

become

D

made

7 A

name

B

named

C

call

D

known

8 A

American

B

Americans

C

America’s

D

States

9 A

read

B

learn

C

accept

D

write

10 A

that

B

things

C

which

D

what

9 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 5 Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

B1 TRAINING

George Orwell Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair (0) C June 25th 1903 in eastern India, the son of a British colonial civil servant. He was (1) in England and, after he left Eton, he joined the Indian Imperial Police. He resigned in 1927 and decided to (2) a writer. In 1928 he moved to Paris where he (3) the name George Orwell shortly before the publication of his first book Down and Out in Paris and London followed by his first novel, Burmese Days, in 1934.

In 1936, he was commissioned to write an account (4) poverty among unemployed miners in northern England, (5) resulted in The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). Late in 1936, Orwell travelled to Spain to fight for the Republicans against Franco’s Nationalists. In 1943, he became literary editor of the Tribune, a weekly left-wing magazine.

Animal Farm was published in 1945. This political fable (6) in a farmyard, but based on the Soviet era, was a success and (7) Orwell was financially comfortable for the first time in his life. Nineteen Eighty-Four was printed four years (8) , just before the end of the decade. The book (9) a deep impression, with its title and many phrases – such as “Big Brother is watching you”, “newspeak” and “doublethink” – entering popular use. Sadly, Orwell was never able to (10) the full influence of his masterpiece, as he died of tuberculosis on 21st January 1950.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A A A A A A A A A

9 A 10 A

in studied become took to who set assured

B B B B B B B B

of educated start changed for why written promised

C Y on C grown C being C mentioned C about C which C described C proved

D D D D D D D D

at taught develop got of what performed ensured

before

B

after

C

later

D

since

did judge

B B

offered see

C C

gave understand

D D

made learn

10 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Rephrasing and reformulating information SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION 1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. Contracted forms count as two words. Number 1 is given as an example.

1

Peter and Kate are in front of Clare.

Clare

2

is behind

Peter and Kate.

The self service and the toilets are downstairs.

The self service and the toilets are __________________________________ ground floor.

3

Jack has got a new girlfriend. Am I right?

Jack has got a new girlfriend, _______________________________________________?

4

The newspaper with the information is on your desk.

The information ______________________________________ newspaper on your desk.

5

There’s a documentary tonight. It’s about polar bears.

Tonight’s _____________________________________________________ polar bears.

6

What’s the price of these glasses?

How _________________________________________________________ these glasses?

7

What about a cup of tea?

Would ______________________________________________________ a cup of tea?

8

How long do you plan to stay in Crete?

How long are ___________________________________________________ in Crete?

9

There’s very little coffee left.

There isn’t __________________________________________________________ left.

10 There aren’t many shops open today.

There are only a _______________________________________________ open today.

11

The eggs are not enough to make a cake.

We have got too ____________________________________________ to make a cake.

12 The Trents have decided to fly to Barcelona for the weekend.

The Trents have decided to go to Barcelona ____________________ for the weekend.

13 Take the dog’s pills. He may not feel well.

Take the dog’s pills in case he ________________________________________ well.

14 Michael isn’t a good footballer.

Michael _________________________________________________ football very well.

15 It’s essential to be there by 6.00 tomorrow evening.

We __________________________________________ there by 6.00 tomorrow evening.

16 Don’t exceed the speed limit on the motorway.

You _________________________________________ the speed limit on the motorway.

11 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH 17 Shall we buy dad a pipe for his birthday?

How ____________________________________________ dad a pipe for his birthday?

18 Shall I help you carry that bag?

B1 TRAINING

Would you __________________________________________ help you carry that bag?

19 I want Jean to say she’s sorry or I’ll never forgive her.

I’ll never forgive Jean if she _______________________________________ she’s sorry.

20 I’m determined not to lend her any more money.

I’m not ________________________________________________ her any more money.

21 The baby is still asleep.

The baby ________________________________________________________ up yet.

22 Are you still reading the book?

Haven’t ______________________________________________________ the book yet?

23 I’m scared. This is my first flight.

I’m scared. I ____________________________________________________ before.

24 Sheila hasn’t got as many qualifications as you.

Sheila’s got ______________________________________________________ than you.

25 We’d never seen a more spectacular sight.

That was _______________________________________________ sight we’d ever seen.

26 Mandy didn’t win the contest because she didn’t dance as well as Pamela.

Mandy didn’t win the contest because Pamela danced _________________________ her.

27 I’m not sure if that bus goes to the sports centre.

I wonder if that is _____________________________________ goes to the sports centre.

28 You can get good food at The King’s Head pub at lunchtime.

The King’s Head is a pub _____________________________ get good food at lunchtime.

29 All the rooms have got a TV set.

Every ___________________________________________________________ a TV set.

30 What can I do to make you change your mind?

Is there ___________________________________ do to make you change your mind?

31 We advise you not to stay up late the night before the exam.

You ___________________________________________ up late the night before the exam.

32 The water was too cold for us to have a swim.

The water was so cold that we ________________________________________ a swim.

33 We serve breakfast from 7.30 to 9.30.

Breakfast _________________________________________________ from 7.30 to 9.30.

34 You should tell Marion you’re sorry for the delay.

You should apologize to _________________________________________________ late.

12 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION 2 Here are some sentences about West Cork in Ireland. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 My husband and I have planned to spend our holiday in West Cork.

My husband and I

are spending

our holiday in West Cork.

1 The last time we went there was ten years ago.

We _____________________________ there for ten years.

2 West Cork has got a multitude of attractions and activities.

There are _____________________________ of attractions and activities in West Cork.

3 Sailing and scuba diving centres dot the coastline.

The coastline _____________________________ with sailing and scuba diving centres.

4 Many other activities are available for the more peaceful.

The more peaceful _____________________________ many other activities.

5 The Irish are the friendliest people I’ve ever met.

I _____________________________ such friendly people as the Irish.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION 3 Here are some sentences about an old man’s memories of his childhood school. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 I last saw my chidhood school over 50 years ago.

I

haven’t seen

my childhood school for over 50 years.

1 It is hard to remember because I’m so old, It ______________________ so hard to remember if I weren’t so old, 2 but I remember I wasn’t as tall as most of my classmates. but I remember most of my classmates ______________________ me.

3 None of my teachers were easy-going. ______________________ teachers were very strict.

4 I used to wake up at 5 o’clock in order to arrive on time.

I used to wake up at 5 o’clock ______________________ I could arrive on time.

5 Being punctual was very important.

It was very important ______________________ punctual.

13 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING Part 1 – Short texts with multiple-choice questions

B1 TRAINING

Look at the text in each question. What does it say? Put a tick (Y) next to the correct explanation. Number 1 is given as an example.

❶

Early morning airport taxi Ask reception to book before 22.30 to avoid delays

A

◻ Take a taxi to the airport to

avoid delays. ◻ There can be delays if you book your taxi by 10.30 p.m.

Y C There is an early morning taxi service to the airport.

B

❷ Hi Michelle, Please remember to let Peter know about the theatre tonight.

If he doesn’t want the ticket I’ll offer it to my colleagues.

Love Mum X

❸

What should Michelle do?

A ◻ Buy theatre tickets for Peter.

B ◻ Inform Peter about the theatre.

C ◻ Give theatre tickets to her co-workers.

ALL STAFF BOWLING

Hi guys, I’m planning to book a couple of lanes at the bowling alley on Friday. If you fancy joining us, please email me before 17:00 today. We’re going to the alley about half an hour after the office closes on Friday afternoon.

It costs just £1 per person.

Hope to see you there!

Mary Williams Line Manager

A B C

◻ The bowling starts at 5 o’clock. ◻ The bowling will last for around ◻

14 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

30 minutes.

The bowling is not free.

❹

Hi, Paul. Do you fancy coming to a party in Chelsea tonight?

Give me a buzz and I’ll describe the directions to you.

Feel free to bring a friend.

Hope to see you there.

Sarah X

What does Sarah want Paul to do?

A ◻ Call her back.

B ◻ Find the location of the party.

C ◻ Invite someone else to the party.

❺ Attention all students!

Do you have a hobby?

If so, why not share it with your fellow learners?

On Thursday af ternoon there will be a discussion group on the subject of hobbies. If you are interested, please add your name to the list in the sports hall.

All the best, Dani

❻

NOTICE SEVERAL RESIDENTS HAVE REPORTED THAT PEOPLE HAVE BEEN PLAYING BALL GAMES IN THE COURTYARD. PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THAT BALL GAMES ARE ABSOLUTELY PROHIBITED IN ALL AREAS.

What is the purpose of the notice?

A ◻ To encourage students to take up new interests.

B ◻ To encourage students to describe their interests.

C ◻ To encourage students to do more sport.

A B C

◻ The police have been informed. ◻ Ball games are only permitted in ◻

THE POLICE MAY BE CONTACTED IF THIS BEHAVIOUR

the courtyard.

Ball games are not allowed anywhere.

PERSISTS. MANY THANKS

15 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING

B1 TRAINING

Part 2 - Matching The people below are all looking for a music website which suits their needs. On the opposite page there are 8 descriptions of music websites. Decide which website would be the most suitable for the following people. Number 1 is given as an example.

❶

❸

❺

Paulo is a guitarist and amateur producer. He is keen to share his music with people online, and he is very interested in the technical side of music. He would like to meet fellow musicians and possibly work with them.

Zara has a very wide range of musical interests – rock, pop, jazz, classical, you name it – and is looking for a website that can cater to her breadth of taste. She loves attending live music events.

❷

❹

David has plenty of music on his PC already, but would like to know more about the day-to-day reality of life as a classical musician.

He wants to be updated on the latest developments in classical music.

Katie aspires es to be a music video o director in the future, so she is keen to have ve access to audio-visual material of fashionable ble acts.

She doesn’tt mind spending money oney if necessary. y.

Mike grew up listening to the classic rock of the 60s and 70s, and wants to reconnect with his youth. He went to a lot of concerts in his youth and is particularly interested in finding recordings of the ones he can remember going to.

16 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

A Slipped Disc doesn’t offer any streaming service, but makes up for that by offering an inside look at the world of classical music. It is an interactive site that receives a constant flow of information from its readers (including a number of internationally recognised musicians) around the globe. If something happens in the world of classical music, you are likely to read it here first.

E National Public Radio’s music section has it all. Interviews, sessions, lists, reviews, well-crafted articles; it’s a veritable feast of music discovery, and extraordinarily diverse in its content.

NPR also regularly holds competitions to win tickets for big-name concerts all over the world.

B

F

Stereomood is a kind of “emotional radio”: users tell the site how they feel, and the site chooses a track to reflect their emotion. For example, if you put “I feel aggressive” into the search bar, you’re immediately greeted by a playlist fit for your mood. Not only do you get songs to match what you feel, but you get to discover new music in the process.

AccuRadio allows subscribers to listen to hour after hour of uninterrupted classical music. Think of it as a regular radio station, but without all of the advert breaks, news updates and so on. Perfect for a bit of background music.

G Y Soundcloud uses technology that allows musicians to collaborate, promote and share their music, as well as allowing listeners to find new music, to listen to. The most unique thing about Soundcloud is the way it displays the songs in waveform, allowing the user to listen to certain pieces or even stop and comment on specific points of a track.

C Concert Vault archives live music stretching from the late 1950s to the current era, with a particular emphasis on the guitar-driven rock (The Beatles, Pink Floyd, The Rolling Stones, etc.) which defined a generation. This is a members-only site, but offers unlimited access for only $2.99 per month.

D

H Daytrotter records live sessions with trendy musicians and makes them available for you to watch/listen to (you need to be a paying member to watch videos). There are always live sessions coming up, but a walk through the archives can provide you with hours of musical entertainment.

1 G

2

Blabbermouth is a news website which specializes in metal and hard rock. You can access the latest news, gossip, album reviews and concert dates, as well as some impressively detailed and well-researched articles.

3

4

5 17

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING Part 3 - Short open answers

B1 TRAINING

Read the itinerary, then answer the questions with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS. Number 1 is given as an example.

THE TH E JEWELS JEW E L SOF O SICILY F S I CILY ESCORTED ESC ORTED TOURTOUR Itinerary Day 1 - Saturday Leave PARIS CHARLES DE GAULLE at 9.30 a.m. arriving in Catania at 12.05 p.m. On arrival at Catania Airport transfer to the hotel. The afternoon will be free, perhaps to relax in the hotel swimming pool.

Dinner and overnight accommodation.

Day 2 - Sunday Departure to Syracuse to visit the famous Latomie of the Paradise and the “Dyonisius Ear”.

Afternoon visit to the Cathedral and Arethuse Fountain. Continue to Ragusa to visit the historical centre of Ragusa Ibla.

Day 3 - Monday Departure to Caltagirone, centre of ceramic production in Sicily, followed by a trip to Villa Romana del Casale, famous for its well-preserved mosaics. Leave for Agrigento and visit the nearby Valley of the Temples (the temples of Juno, Concord, Heracles, Zeus, Castor and Pollux).

Day 4 - Tuesday After breakfast departure to Palermo. First stop in Monreale to visit the Cathedral and the Benedictine Cloister in the Arab-Norman style. Lunch will be at your own expense and convenience.

In the afternoon, a tour of the centre of Palermo, including the Cathedral, the Palatine Chapel and the Royal Palace.

Day 5 - Wednesday On to Segesta to admire the Doric Temple and the Theatre. Continue to Erice, a medieval hilltop town. Proceed to Trapani and Marsala to see the salt windmills, and back to Palermo.

Day 6 - Thursday After breakfast departure for Cefalù and visit the Arab-Norman Cathedral, then go round Etna Park before proceeding to Taormina for dinner and accommodation in Giardini Naxos.

Day 7 - Friday A full day in Taormina. Optional excursion to Mount Etna. In the evening be ready for a farewell dinner in a famous restaurant in the centre of Taormina. Departure at 8 a.m. the following day.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

How long will the flight from Paris take?

Which towns will the tourists visit on Sunday?

What is Villa Romana del Casale famous for?

Where is the Valley of the Temples?

What is not included in the cost of the visit to Monreale?

When will the tourists go to Palermo?

What will the tourists see near Trapani and Marsala?

Where will the tourists spend the night on Wednesday?

Is the excursion to Mount Etna compulsory?

What time will the tourists leave Taormina on Saturday?

Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two

18 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

hours hours hours hours hours hours hours hours hours hours

thirty-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes thirta-five minutes

. . . . . . . . . .

Part 4 - Four-option multiple choice Read the text and questions below. For each question, choose the correct answer (A, B, C, or D).

Number 1 is given as an example.

STREET MARKETS Street markets are a source of great pleasure for both collectors of all ages and for curious tourists alike, but it is important to prepare yourself if you want to get the most out of your visit.

If you go unprepared you risk leaving without buying anything, or worse, buying something you will come to regret.

To start make sure you have enough time because there are advantages to arriving early and leaving late. The first visitors obviously have the widest choice of what is on offer, while if you stay to the end you could pick something up at a bargain price since most dealers would rather negotiate a price than take any unsold items home with them.

Next, think about what you wear. Remember that you may be out in the open air for most of the day and on your feet for hours. Comfortable shoes are a must, just as suitable warm or cool clothes are, according to the season. Trousers or a jacket with pockets you can button or zip closed are also handy for keeping your money safe in often crowded, narrow streets.

Finally, should you see something interesting, remember to ask for the best price. Most dealers are happy to offer a discount of up to 10 per cent, particularly if you pay cash. But most importantly, don’t hesitate to buy an item if it really appeals to you. Much of the fun of collecting is finding things that “speak” to you.

1 What is the writer trying to do in the text?

A ◻ Express his opinion on street markets.

Y B ◻ Describe how market customers should behave.

C ◻ Warn people not to buy things they will regret.

D ◻ Explain how to buy things at a ten per cent discount in street markets.

2 What can the reader find out from the text?

A ◻ How to start a collection.

B ◻ How street markets are organised.

C ◻ How to buy at the best price.

D ◻ How to enjoy shopping in street markets.

3 Why does the writer suggest what to wear?

A ◻ Because you have to look elegant when you go shopping.

B ◻ Because you need pockets with zips to keep your money safe.

C ◻ Because it is important to feel comfortable when shopping.

D

◻ Because the streets of a market are

crowded and narrow, so you need to feel comfortable.

4 What is the most important thing about shopping in a street market?

A ◻ To wear a jacket or trousers with pockets you can close securely.

B ◻ To buy something if you really like it.

C ◻ To pay ten per cent less than the original price.

D ◻ To get there early in the morning.

5 Which description best fits the article?

A ◻ A guide to English street markets for the expert collector with advice on how to buy at the best prices by avoiding tourist crowds.

B ◻ An introduction to spotting hidden treasures on market stalls.

C ◻ A practical guide to shopping in street markets with useful tips.

D ◻ How to feel safe in the crowded streets of a big city when you are out shopping.

19

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING Part 5 - True–False–Not Given

B1 TRAINING

Read the text, then decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F). If the information is not given, choose NG. Number 1 is given as an example.

Identity theft at epidemic levels Identity theft is reaching “epidemic levels”, according to a fraud prevention group, with people in their 30s the most targeted group.

Fraudsters obtain personal information before pretending to be that individual and apply for loans or store cards in their name. A total of 89,000 cases were recorded in the first six months of the year by the police, a 5% rise on the same period last year and a new record high.

This is particularly remarkable as all other major crimes in the UK have declined over the same period.

More than four in five of these crimes were committed online with many victims unaware that they had been targeted until they received a random bill or realised their credit rating had been lowered. This would prevent them getting a loan of their own.

Fraudsters steal identities by gathering information such as their name and address, date of birth and bank account details. They get hold of such information by stealing mail, hacking computers, tricking people into giving details or buying data through the “dark web”.

Victims are more likely to be in their 30s and 40s, often because a good deal of information about them has been gathered online.

The stereotypical image of a fraud victim is someone who is elderly and vulnerable,

but the over-60s are the only age group that has seen cases fall this year compared with the first half of the year. The age group with the biggest rise is 21- to 30-year-olds. This finding was mirrored in separate research which found that since 2014, it was increasingly likely that victims were male, aged in their 20s and living in London.

How to protect yourself from identity crimes • Limit the amount of information you give away on social networking sites. Your real friends know where you live and know your birthday.

• Update your computer’s firewall, anti-virus and anti-spyware programmes. Up to 80% of cyber-threats can be removed by doing this.

• Never share passwords or PINs (Personal Identification Numbers) with others and do not write them down.

• Use strong passwords and PINs – don’t use your date of birth or your child’s name, include a mix of upper and lower case letters, numbers and punctuation marks. Aim for a minimum of 10 characters in a password.

• Do not use the same password or PIN for more than one account.

• Shred all your financial documents before you throw them away.

T F NG

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Identity theft is more common than ever before.

Identity theft has increased at a similar rate to other crimes in the UK. Over 80% of identity theft is committed on the Internet.

It usually takes several years for victims to realize that they have been targeted.

The methods used by fraudsters are largely unknown.

Identity theft against older people has decreased.

The majority of fraudsters are young men.

To avoid identity theft, you should restrict the amount of personal data you post online.

9 Anti-virus software is ineffective against identity theft.

10 Identity theft is likely to decline in the future.

20 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Y ◻ ◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻

◻◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻ ◻◻ ◻

Part 6 – Four-option multiple choice – Sentence completion Read the text and answer the questions. Numbers 1 and 5 are given as examples.

Discovering Quebec City It is a year since I visited Canada to explore Quebec City and nearby. It wasn’t my first time, I have been to Quebec City before, and Montreal (also in Quebec) quite a few times. What draws me there is the people, place, and food and drink culture. There are so many lovely places to explore and there is always a conversation to be had with a local. It is always fun and often unexpected. Quebec is nothing if not quirky and individual and that is why I love it.

The architecture is beautiful – a walk around Quebec City feels like a fairy tale, especially the old town with its quaint old houses painted red, blue or proud in silver, sometimes copper turned green with age and the rain. The city as a whole is just the right size, big enough to have lots of options and small enough to walk around. Quebec City has music, art and a vibrant Bohemian culture.

This passion and individuality is reflected in their restaurant scene. There are, famously, few chains and so much variety. A thriving new contemporary food culture sits comfortably alongside the long established francophone approach. There is indigenous food too at Wendake, which is an essential stop on your visit.

While you are there be sure to try Omerto tomato wine, a recipe passed down to winemaker Pascal from his grandfather Omer. The origin is simple: he developed the recipe in his native Belgium when faced with an excess of tomatoes. Tomato wine? Surprisingly light and gorgeous and only available here. All of the tomatoes are grown on site by Pascal just outside his tasting room, and production is small too.

Overall, my only regret is that I couldn’t spend longer in this unique city. I’ve got some wonderful memories to take home, though – along with a few delicious new recipes!

Questions 1 – 4 Choose the correct answer (A, B, C, or D).

1 What is the purpose of the text?

A ◻ To compare Quebec City to the writer’s home town.

B ◻ To describe the writer’s first visit to Quebec City.

Y To give a personal account of C◻ Quebec City’s food and culture.

D ◻ To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living in Quebec City.

2 What is the writer’s opinion of the houses?

A ◻ They are too small.

B ◻ They are charming.

C ◻ They all look very similar.

D ◻ They seem very modern.

3 Why does the writer like the cuisine in Quebec City?

A ◻ It reminds her of her home.

B ◻ It is surprisingly cheap.

C ◻ It is very traditional.

D ◻ It combines old and new styles.

4 How does the writer feel about her trip to Quebec City?

A ◻ She has gained valuable experiences and knowledge.

B ◻ She wishes she hadn’t been there.

C ◻ She hopes she will be able to return some day.

D ◻ She preferred Quebec City to the rest of Canada.

Questions 5 – 8 Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.

5 The buildings in Quebec City make it feel similar to a fairy tale .

6 The food culture in Quebec City is well known for not having many ___________, as well as being extremely varied.

7 Quebec City’s cuisine combines very modern _____________ with the more traditional francophone style.

8 Pascal’s grandfather created his own wine recipe because he had too many ____________.

21

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LISTENING Part 1 – Multiple choice with visuals

B1 TRAINING

track 1

There are seven questions in this part. For each question there are three pictures and a short recording. Choose the correct picture and put a tick (Y) in the box below it.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 At what time does the concert start?

A

B

C Y

B

C

1 Where did the woman go yesterday?

A

2 What kind of reading has become more popular lately?

A

B

C

3 What has Lisa become interested in recently?

A

B

22 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

C

4 What kind of TV does Pete not enjoy?

A

B

C

B

C

5 Where are the opera tickets?

A 6 What did the MP use to collect?

A

B

C

7 What will the man buy?

A

C

B 23 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

LISTENING Part 2 – Three-option multiple choice

B1 TRAINING

track 2

You will hear an interview with Richard Strubel, the lead singer of a popular band.

For questions 1 – 6, choose the correct answer A, B, or C. Number 1 is given as an example.

1 The Awakening is the band’s A

first album.

Y B second album.

C

third album.

2 What does Richard particularly love about the fans?

A

Their diversity.

B

Their enthusiasm.

C

Their music knowledge.

3 Who was a formative influence on Richard’s style?

A

He doesn’t remember.

B

A family member.

C

A famous musician.

4 How did Richard feel when he met Paul McCartney?

A

Angry.

B

Ashamed.

C

Nervous.

5 After the tour, Richard plans to A

return to the studio.

B

take a break.

C

start a family.

6 What is Richard’s main piece of advice for success?

A

You must have self-belief.

B

You must have clear goals.

C

You must keep trying.

24 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Part 3 – Gap-fill

track 3

You will hear some information about a music festival. For each question, fill in the missing information in the numbered space.

Number 1 is given as an example.

South-East Festival • Adult tickets: (1) £150

• Child tickets: (2) ____________

• Festival location: Brighton’s (3) ____________ • Line-up: various bands and more (4) ____________ than past festivals • Competition entry: visit website and provide name, phone number and (5) ____________ Winner of free tickets will be informed on (6) ____________ • Minimum age for children: (7) ____________ years old

Part 4 – Ending matching track 4

You will hear a student called Marta and her teacher Kevin talking about a school project. Complete the sentences with the six correct endings from the options A – I. There two extra letters which you do not need to use. Number 1 is given as an example.

1 Marta has got a clear idea

A using a variety of research methods.

2 Marta wants Kevin

B to academic files.

3 Marta is interested

C of the general goals of the project. Y

4 Kevin thinks Marta should focus

D at 8 a.m. every day.

5 Kevin recommends Marta

E to be more specific.

6 Marta’s laptop doesn’t have access

F in music as a topic.

7 The IT room opens

G on how people experience live music.

H to give her some advice.

I

at 7 a.m. every day from Monday to Saturday.

1 C

2

3

4

5

6

7 25

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

LISTENING Part 5 – Three-option multiple choice – Sentence completion

B1 TRAINING

track 5

You will hear a student talking about a trip to New York. Answer the questions.

Numbers 1 and 6 are given as examples.

Questions 1 – 5 Choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).

1 The student’s trip to New York A

was his first trip the USA.

B

was his second trip to the USA.

C Y was his third trip to the USA. 2 What was the student’s first impression of Manhattan?

A

He felt disappointed.

B

He felt excited.

C

He felt scared.

3 Walking around Manhattan reminded him of A

his friends.

B

his home town.

C

films he likes.

4 The student found navigating Manhattan A

easy.

B

frustrating.

C

impossible.

5 The student and his family were able to visit A

most of the places they wanted to see.

B

all of the places they wanted to see.

C

a few of the places they wanted to see.

Questions 6 – 10 Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the recording.

6 The student’s favourite museum was the Museum of Modern Art

.

7 After visiting the museums on the third day, they had ______________________________ in Grand Central Station.

8 During their stay they watched an ______________________________ of Shakespeare’s Othello in Central Park.

9 The student’s father’s wallet was stolen ______________________________.

10 The student plans to return to New York for his ______________________________.

26 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Part 6 – Gap-fill – Map labelling track 6

You will hear a woman called Carla talking to a customer service advisor about a fashion show. Answer the questions. Numbers 1 and 7 are given as examples.

Questions 1 – 6 Fill in the missing information in the numbered space.

• Name of customer service advisor: (1)

Thomas ________________________.

• Date of fashion show: (2) ________________________________ of August.

• 50% discount for (3) ________________________________ with an ID card.

• Price of 1 adult ticket: (4) £ ________________________________.

• Customer’s name: Carla (5) ________________________________.

• Customer’s phone number: (6) ________________________________.

Questions 7 – 11 Complete the map with the letters (A – E) corresponding to the place.

A Fashion show B Theatre C Shopping centre Y D Cinema E Block of flats

²

Town Hall (10) ______________

Cromwell Sreet

N

(11) ____________ Fountain

Winston Road

ita

sp Ho l

Hig et

tre

hS

rk Pa

(7) __C _

(9) ________

Jubilee Road

(8) ________ Pond

Museum

Prince Hotel

27 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH Using correct vocabulary, collocations and grammar in a short text

B2 TRAINING

MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 1 For questions 1 – 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

PESARO’S ILLUSTRIOUS SON Le Marche (0) B sandwiched between the Apennines and the Adriatic. Apart from August, this region must be one of the quietest and most relaxed in Italy.

Pesaro, one of its main seaside resorts, is a cyclist’s haven, one of those rare places where cars give way (1) bikes. On a bright Sunday morning I looked (2) as waves of children, teenagers, parents and elderly people (3) along the seafront.

The town, however, is best known as Gioachino Rossini’s birthplace and for its operatic festival. The fact that he moved away (4) still a child and spent most of his life in Bologna and then Paris (5) not a jot.

Pesaro is proud of its famous son and every August his operas are (6) on at the civic theatre. It was built in 1637, but its present name “Teatro Rossini” goes back to 1855.

The house where the composer was born is now a museum with memorabilia, lithographs and caricatures (7) the 1820s which describe the course of his career and love life. When visitors (8) into the last room they can admire one of Gustave Doré’s works, a charcoal and tempera portrait of Rossini on his deathbed.

0 A

lays

B Y lies

C

stands

D

sets

1 A

before

B

to

C

at

D

for

2 A

over

B

forward

C

on

D

down

3 A

drove

B

ran

C

strolled

D

rode

4 A

since

B

because

C

while

D

but

5 A

matters

B

signifies

C

interests

D

counts

6 A

shown

B

taken

C

put

D

carried

7 A

during

B

in

C

along

D

from

8 A

stop

B

reach

C

step

D

enter

28 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 2 For questions 1 – 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A FASCINATING ISLAND Crete is famous for Knossos, the outstanding palace of the Minoan civilization. It was like (0) B small city and the (1) reveal a sophisticated plumbing system, a theatre and the royal quarters. , the real treat for lovers of ancient civilizations is nearby, at Heraklion’s archaeological museum, where finds from all over the island have been gathered.

If your aim is to (3) the best of the sites, then base yourself on the eastern coast.

(2)

Agios Nikolaos is a big burgeoning resort with (4) of shops, restaurants and hotels, but should you like peace and quiet you may prefer its neighbour Elounda, a fishing village with a (5) choice of tavernas serving the catch of the day. It is (6) in a beautiful bay with a sandy beach and shallow waters and is backed by craggy hills.

You do not have to go far to find authentic Cretan communities where time has (7) still and a day spent exploring the hills on foot or in a car will reward you with spectacular views. If you stay on the less crowded western side you will be well placed to take (8) the challenge of walking along the Samaria Gorge, which runs right down to the sea.

0 A

the

B Y a

C

one

D

some

1 A

rests

B

remainders

C

antiquities

D

remains

2 A

Moreover

B

Meanwhile

C

However

D

Whereas

3 A

like

B

love

C

enjoy

D

try

4 A

lot

B

several

C

most

D

plenty

5 A

numerous

B

broad

C

multiple

D

various

6 A

settled

B

set

C

put

D

laid

7 A

stood

B

stayed

C

remained

D

rested

8 A

in

B

off

C

over

D

up

29 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE 3 For questions 1 – 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

B2 TRAINING

GRAVE MATTERS When you are looking (0) A the tombstones in Barre, Vermont, keep an eye out for the ones with carved flowers. They’re trying to (1) you something. “A lily with a broken stem represents a life cut short, chrysanthemums are for death and ferns mean the beginning of life”, the sculptor Giuliano Cecchinelli once (2) to me, his cap pulled so low that the hat itself seemed to be the one with the thick Italian accent. It was difficult to keep (3) with him as he strode between the graves, though every so often he stopped to rub a thumb across some detail on a pale granite marker (4) a century old. remembrance, Cecchinelli Like many of the men who crafted these monuments for (5) was born in Italy’s stone cutting centre, Carrara. The first immigrants arrived in the 1890s when Barre was a boom town (6) as “the Chicago of New England”.

They came to find work in the granite quarries and stone cutting sheds which were famous worldwide.

Nowadays things are much quieter because cheap imported material has brought about a reduction in demand for the local stone. However, the city (7) makes a good living out of death. In fact, more granite gravestones are produced there than almost (8) else in the US.

0 A Y at

B

after

C

into

D

up

1 A

reveal

B

tell

C

remind

D

say

2 A

wondered

B

suggested

C

explained

D

replied

3 A

on

B

off

C

up

D

down

4 A

over

B

above

C

quite

D

behind

5 A

forever

B

complete

C

eternal

D

usual

6 A

known

B

described

C

classified

D

called

7 A

yet

B

again

C

recently

D

still

8 A

somewhere

B

anywhere

C

nowhere

D

everywhere

30 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

OPEN CLOZE 1 Read the text below and complete it with the words given in scrambled order. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Y beyond

come

agree

for

similar

by

while

off

which

ENIGMAS FROM THE PAST It is well known that alternative historians have been fascinated (0) existence of so-called “anomalous artefacts” (1)

by

the

many years. One example

is the Antikythera computer now in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, (2)

was found in the wreck of a Greek ship (3)

Crete, with

inscriptions placing it in the first century BC. The mechanism consisting of up to forty interlocking bronze gears is sophisticated, (4)

the workmanship is astonishingly precise. Experts have established

(5)

doubt that the computer could accurately predict the position of the

Sun and the Moon and (6)

that it is much more complex than anything

normally associated with the classical period.

Another (7)

enigma is the Baghdad battery, a clay vase containing

a copper tube and an iron rod. When replicas were filled with something more than a simple acidic grape-juice solution an electric charge was produced. Thus archaeologists have (8)

to the conclusion that the device is the precursor

of the modern battery.

31 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH OPEN CLOZE 2

B2 TRAINING

For questions 1 – 8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE WORD in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

PICTURE IN A PICTURE When King Philip IV of Spain looked (0) at Velázquez’s first likeness of him, he immediately appointed him court painter and (1) all portraits by other artists removed from the palace walls.

Philip’s reign was calamitous for Spain’s power and prestige, but he will (2) remembered for his patronage of Vélazquez and for Las Meninas, (3) of the greatest and most enigmatic of paintings.

He appears before the easel in the act of completing a double portrait of Philip and his consort (4) are reflected in the mirror on the wall behind. Their daughter, the Infanta Margarita, no (5) than six years old, has been allowed into the room with her retinue. Just at the point (6) all the lines of perspective converge there is the silhouette of the Queen’s quartermaster.

In over three and a half centuries since Velázquez finished it, the masterpiece (7) been subject to a stream of speculation, but the (8) cryptic comment came from the French writer Théophille Gautier who asked, “Where is the picture?”.

32 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

OPEN CLOZE 3 For questions 1 – 8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE WORD in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

COUNTRY LINE DANCING Being nearly 5ft 9in tall, I wasn’t (0) built to be a ballerina. Despite this I’ve always loved dancing. I stopped while I was (1) up my children, then six years ago I saw a small (2) in the local paper for beginners’ country line dancing.

I thought I would give it a go and soon I was hooked.

It took three or four weeks to acquire the jargon, but eventually when the teacher said “grapevine” I knew (3) to do. I found that I picked the moves fairly quickly and discovered there’s no end (4) the variations you can learn.

Remembering them all may be a bit daunting at first, but our instructor, Bill, is very patient and will (5) repeating a particular section until everyone is confident.

Although the roots of this speciality are in country music, as long (6) there is a good beat you can usually do a number to it. Classes last three hours and in the course of the evening we (7) always taught something new.

Four years ago Bill asked me if I would compete with him in the partner’s section of the European Championship and last year we (8) second. We were thrilled.

33 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH Completing a text with missing words formed from root words

B2 TRAINING

WORD FORMATION 1 Read the text below and choose the correct word which is formed from the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines. Number 1 is given as an example.

NAPOLEON’S DREAM From the moment he learnt about Napoleon’s dream of a canal across the isthmus between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, Count De Lesseps, an influential French diplomat, started to plan and contemplate how the Suez Canal could be built, but with no real (1) expectations /expectances of fulfilment.

While he was consul at Cairo in the 1830s he got to know Prince Said of Egypt and when the prince ascended the throne in 1854 the two men soon came to an (2) agreeable/agreement to build the canal.

De Lesseps was not an (3) engineer/engineering, but he was a good (4) organizer/organization and began constructing the ship canal.

The (5) triumphantly/triumphant opening on 17th November 1869 was De Lesseps’ (6) crowned/crowning glory. The world, and especially France, thought the enterprise epitomized the age and it appeared that De Lesseps had performed the (7) impossibility/impossible.

It was a gigantic achievement that rivalled the building of the Great Pyramid, yet benefitted all mankind by being (8) freedom/freely open to ships of all nations.

34 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

EXPECT

AGREE

ENGINE ORGANIZE TRIUMPH CROWN

POSSIBLE

FREE

WORD FORMATION 2 For questions 1 – 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

THE WEEPING WOMAN Of the many women Picasso knew in his (0)

life

, Dora Maar

was the most intelligent and talented. She was an (1)

LIVE EXCEPTIONAL

good painter, a brilliant photographer, beautiful and excellent company.

In brief, her artistic (2)

had made her someone

PERSON

in the world before she met Picasso.

While she was his lover Dora was the subject of (3)

NUMBER

tender paintings, but it is as the “Weeping Woman” that Dora has the (4)

to be known today.

FORTUNE

The (5)

, all acid greens and reds and yellows,

PORTRAY

with deadly white hands and handkerchief clutched to the woman’s face, sums up Picasso’s view of the (6) man and a woman as “two bodies (7)

between a

RELATION

in barbed wire,

WRAP

each tearing the other to pieces”.

When their affair ended Dora suffered a (8)

NERVE

breakdown and drifted into a life of solitude.

35 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION 3

B2 TRAINING

For questions 1 – 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Holkham Hall is an 18th century (0)

stately

home in Norfolk

close to the royal residence of Sandringham. The (1) of the family fortune, Sir Edward Coke, is (2)

STATE FOUND

best known

PROBABLE

for his saying, “An Englishman’s home is his castle”.

The Hall was built by his (3)

, Thomas Coke, whose

DESCEND

dream was a great house to display the works of art he had bought on his Grand Tour of Europe. (4)

he died before the building

SAD

was finished in 1762, so his widow supervised the work, making sure the decoration and (5)

were exactly in accord with his

FURNISH

wishes.

There are many superb state rooms to admire decorated with (6)

by old masters, precious tapestries and antique

PAINT

furniture. The Marble Hall, which was inspired by the designs of Andrea Palladio, is the most (7)

feature and provides

DRAMA

a unique setting for concerts and recitals.

The house is situated in 3,000 acres of grounds planted with thousands of trees. It offers plenty to interest every member of the family. The favourite with lots of (8)

is the Holkham

Nursery Garden, which has got scented old-fashioned roses and splendid glasshouses.

36 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

VISIT

Rephrasing and reformulating information SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION 1 Use the key word in brackets to complete each sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. You must use between TWO AND FIVE WORDS, including the word given.

Contracted forms count as two words. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 It’s difficult for me to understand your point of view.

I find it difficult to understand your point of view. (difficult) I have difficulty in understanding your point of view. (difficulty) 1 Whose is that yacht?

Who ______________________________ of that yacht? (owner) Who does ______________________________ to? (belong) 2 Marilyn looks completely different from her mother.

Marilyn doesn’t ______________________________ her mother at all. (look) Marilyn doesn’t ______________________________ her mother at all. (take) 3 I don’t mind you printing my story.

I ______________________________ you printing my story. (object) I have ______________________________ my story. (objection) 4 It rained all the time when we were on holiday.

It never ______________________________ when we were on holiday. (stopped) It ______________________________ when we were on holiday. (kept) 5 Working with children is a new experience for me.

This is the ______________________________ with children. (time) I ______________________________ with children before. (never) 6 Listen to my advice. Don’t marry that man.

If I were you ______________________________ that man. (not) I would ______________________________ that man. (advise) 7 I didn’t have enough money to buy that car.

That car was so expensive ______________________________ buy it. (not) That car was ______________________________ buy. (too) 8 We’re worried. Jim hasn’t contacted us for a month.

We’re worried. It’s a month ______________________________ Jim. (heard) We’re worried. We haven’t ______________________________ from Jim for a month. (news) 37 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

USE OF ENGLISH 9

We’d never seen such a good play.

We’d had never seen ______________________________ that. (than)

B2 TRAINING

The play was ______________________________ seen. (ever) 10

I hope he’ll arrive now or we’ll miss the train.

We ______________________________ the train if he doesn’t arrive now. (catch) We’ll miss the train ______________________________ now. (unless)

11

“I’m sorry but you can’t use the lab,” Mrs Jordan told us.

Mrs Jordan ______________________________ to use the lab. (permission) Mrs Jordan told us that we ______________________________ the lab. (allowed)

12

Harvey has told nobody about his promotion.

Harvey ______________________________ about his promotion. (anybody) Harvey hasn’t ______________________________ to anybody about his promotion. (word)

13

The robbers made the employees stay still.

The employees ______________________________ stay still by the robbers. (made) The employees ______________________________ move by the robbers. (forced)

14

Tom managed to finish the test quickly as it was not difficult.

The test _____________________________ that Tom managed to finish it quickly. (easy) It ______________________________ that Tom managed to finish it quickly. (such)

15

Experts were examining the problem of pollution in the area.

The problem of pollution in the area ______________________________ experts. (by) The problem of pollution in the area ______________________________ by experts. (looked)

16

You have got a bad cold. If I were you I wouldn’t go out tonight.

You have got a bad cold. You ______________________________ home tonight. (should) You have got a bad cold. You ______________________________ go out tonight. (had)

17

Brian realized it was a mistake to start to ski so late in life.

Brian regretted ______________________________ to ski when he was younger. (not) Brian regretted ______________________________ skiing when he was younger. (taking)

18

Strangely enough, hardly anybody applied for the job.

Strangely enough, we didn’t ______________________________ for the job. (applications) Strangely enough, we ______________________________ for the job. (received)

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SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the key word given in capitals. Do not change the word given. You must use between TWO AND FIVE WORDS, including the word given. Number 1 is given as an example.

1 It rained yesterday after many months of drought. DRY It rained yesterday after it

had been dry for

many months.

2 It was impossible for me not to cry when I heard that sad story. HELP I __________________________________ when I heard that sad story.

3 I’m sure Winston didn’t feel well yesterday. He wasn’t at school. HAVE Winston __________________________________ unwell yesterday. He wasn’t at school.

4 “Well done, Kate, you have come first in the competition.” CONGRATULATED I __________________________________ first in the competition.

5 In Britain people think that black cats are lucky. BRING In Britain black cats __________________________________ good luck.

6 I found Jeremy’s jokes very funny. LAUGH Jeremy’s jokes __________________________________ a lot.

7 We haven’t had anything to eat for hours. HOURS It’s __________________________________ to eat.

8 I’ll get Paul to fix the fence tomorrow. BY I’ll __________________________________ Paul tomorrow.

9 Nobody expected John to come to the wedding. TURN Nobody thought John __________________________________ at the wedding.

10 “I don’t fancy listening to jazz music,” Ken told Sue. RATHER Ken told Sue __________________________________ listen to jazz music that evening.

11 The order was so urgent that it was necessary to send the goods by air. BE The order was so urgent that the goods __________________________________ by air.

12 Although his salary was rather low, Mike liked his job. PAID Despite __________________________________ well, Mike liked his job.

39 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING Part 1 – Four-option multiple choice

B2 TRAINING

Read the following article about William Tyndale. For questions 1 – 7, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Number 1 is given as an example.

THE MAN WHO GAVE THE WORD TO THE ENGLISH Most people from the past before film and sound recording are now no more than bundles of words: we read what is written about them, or fragments of what they wrote or said themselves. If we are lucky we also have some idea of how they looked. Not so with William Tyndale: his one portrait was painted by someone who never met him. It is simply a symbolic image, like a medieval saint’s, proclaiming him the first English Puritan and the embodiment of the Reformation, grave, bearded, black-clad and self-contained.

Yet we are compensated for this facelessness by Tyndale’s pioneering English translations of the Bible. Unbidden and without a name attached to them, his words rise to our tongues – “eat, drink and be merry”, “the salt of the earth”, “the powers that be”. In Tyndale’s time English was not widespread outside the self-important Tudor kingdom of Henry VIII, but accidents of history have made Tyndale into a major cultural force on the planet. Together with Thomas Cranmer, the compiler of the Prayer Book, and William Shakespeare, Tyndale has shaped a language now tapped into computer keyboards from Tokyo to Tierra del Fuego.

Of course Tyndale did not set out to become a cultural icon. He valued English because his own countrymen could come to the Word of God in their own tongue, rather than relying on clergy to select fragments of the Bible for translating from Latin to suit their purposes. Everyone must find God’s good news of salvation for themselves. So Tyndale painfully learned Greek and Hebrew, the latter while he was also studying German and Dutch in order to survive when he was on the run from England, so that he could translate the

Word of God for the citizens of the nation where he had been born.

Many from the old church wanted him dead, chiefly the enigmatic genius Thomas More.

The two men brought out the worst in each other turning their skills to cheap abuse and fruitless argument.

Tyndale had no political sense. He alternately delighted and infuriated Henry VIII by encouraging him to become head of the church and then telling him to stick to Queen Catherine of Aragon and not marry Anne Boleyn. In the end Henry did nothing when the Holy Roman Emperor arrested the exile leaving Tyndale to rot in a prison near Antwerp until the Emperor chose to order his execution by strangulation and burning. Just a year or two later Henry authorised a completed version of Tyndale’s Bible to be placed in every church in his realm. In a decade of public life, Tyndale achieved more than any politician of his age, and made the future of mainstream English culture a Protestant one for centuries.

The life of Tyndale has surprises in store for us still. One recent biography startlingly places a priest called William Tyndale as a chaplain of the Lady Guild in the wealthy Lincolnshire parish church of Boston in 1521-1522 – just at a blank spot in the translator’s career. For Tyndale to be a chantry priest in Boston is not as bizarre as it sounds: the town under the shadow of the Boston Stump was an early hive of religious radicalism and two of the other major players in Tyndale’s story, Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer, were intimately linked with this little port, which was a perfect place for smuggling illicit literature from abroad.

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Questions 1 – 7 1 The portrait of William Tyndale A ◻ shows him by a grave.

B ◻ was painted by an acquaintance.

Y depicts a serious man dressed in black.

C◻ D ◻ is the first portrait of an English Puritan.

2 Many of the expressions in Tyndale’s translations A ◻ are familiar to speakers of modern English.

B ◻ cannot be understood by speakers of modern English.

C ◻ encourage people to eat, drink and be merry.

D ◻ represent the spirit of the English Reformation.

3 In Tudor times English A ◻ was becoming a global language.

B ◻ was less important than today.

C ◻ was changed by accidents of history.

D ◻ was spoken by quite a few foreigners.

4 Tyndale translated the Bible into English because A ◻ he realised he could make a lot of money.

B ◻ he thought it was a means of salvation.

C ◻ clergymen did not know how to do it.

D ◻ he thought English people should read it by themselves.

5 Which of the following is true?

A ◻ Tyndale took great care not to displease Henry VIII. B ◻ Tyndale had many enemies within the Roman Church.

C ◻ Tyndale was one of the best politicians of his age.

D ◻ Tyndale believed Henry VIII should marry Catherine of Aragon.

6 From the text we learn that Boston was A ◻ an ideal place for chantry priests.

B ◻ an important place for smuggling goods.

C ◻ against religious radicalism.

D ◻ a meeting point for dissenters.

7 The years 1521-1522 are called a “blank spot” because A ◻ they coincided with a period of crisis in Tyndale’s life.

B ◻ Tyndale gave up doing translations during those two years.

C D

◻ virtually nothing is known about Tyndale’s life during that period. ◻ nothing of importance happened to Tyndale at that time.

41 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING Part 2 – Three-option multiple choice – Sentence completion

B2 TRAINING

Read the following extract from The Uncommon Reader by Alan Bennett, then answer the questions. Numbers 1 and 6 are given as examples.

“Pass the time?” said the Queen. “Books are not about passing the time. They’re about other lives. Other worlds. Far from wanting time to pass, Sir Kevin, one just wishes one had more of it. If one wanted to pass the time one could go to New Zealand.”

With two mentions of his name and one of New Zealand Sir Kevin retired hurt.

Still, he had made a point and he would have been gratified to know that it left the Queen troubled and wondering why it was that at this particular time in her life she had suddenly felt the pull of books. Where had this appetite come from?

Few people, after all, had seen more of the world than she had. There was scarcely a country she had not visited, a notability she had not met. Herself part of the panoply of the world, why now was she intrigued by books, which, whatever else they might be, were just a reflection of the world or a version of it? Books? She had seen the real thing.

“I read, I think,” she said to Norman, “because one has a duty to find out what people are like,” a trite enough remark of which Norman took not much notice, feeling himself under no such obligation and reading purely for pleasure, not enlightenment, though part of the pleasure was the enlightenment, he could see that. But duty did not come into it.

To someone with the background of the Queen, though, pleasure had always taken second place to duty. If she could feel she had a duty to read then she could set about it with a clear conscience, with the pleasure, if pleasure there was, incidental. But why did it take possession of her now? This she did not discuss with Norman, as she felt it had to do with who she was and the position she occupied.

The appeal of reading, she thought, lay in its indifference: there was something undeferring about literature. Books did not care who was reading them or whether one read them or not. All readers were equal, herself included. Literature, she thought, is a commonwealth; letters a republic. Actually, she had heard this phrase, the republic of letters, used before, at graduation ceremonies, honorary degrees and the like, though without knowing quite what it meant. At that time talk of a republic of any sort she had thought mildly insulting and in her actual presence tactless, to say the least. It was only now she understood what it meant. Books did not defer. All readers were equal, and this took her back to the beginning of her life.

As a girl, one of her greatest thrills had been on VE* night when she and her sister had slipped out of the gates and mingled unrecognised with the crowds. There was something of that, she felt, to reading. It was anonymous; it was shared; it was common.

And she who had led a life apart now found that she craved it. Here in these pages and between these covers she could go unrecognised. These doubts and self-questionings, though, were just the beginning. Once she got into her stride it ceased to seem strange

42 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

to her that she wanted to read, and books, to which she had taken so cautiously, gradually came to be her element.

One of the Queen’s recurrent royal responsibilities was to open Parliament, an obligation she had never previously found particularly burdensome and actually rather enjoyed: to be driven down the Mall on a bright autumn morning even after fifty years was something of a treat. But not anymore. She was dreading the two hours the whole thing was due to take, though fortunately they were in the coach, not the open carriage, so she could take along her book. She’d got quite good at reading and waving, the trick being to keep the book below the level of the window and to keep focused on it and not on the crowds. The duke didn’t like it one bit, of course, but goodness it helped. * May 7th 1945 - Celebration of the day Germany surrendered, signalling the end of World War II.

Questions 1 – 5 Choose the answer (A, B, or C) which you think fits best according to the text.

1 The Queen would like to 4 What is the meaning of “she A ◻ go to New Zealand. craved it” in paragraph seven?

B ◻ visit another planet.

A ◻ she missed it Y be able to read more.

C ◻ B ◻ she strongly desired it 2 The Queen has been interested in reading C ◻ she understood it A ◻ for a short time.

5 How does the Queen feel about B ◻ for a long time. opening Parliament?

C ◻ since she met Norman.

A ◻ She has always hated it.

3 Why is the Queen attracted to literature?

B ◻ It makes her very anxious.

A ◻ It helps her understand her role as a monarch.

C ◻ She is not looking forward to it.

B ◻ It helps to pass the time when she is bored.

C ◻ It helps her feel more like an ordinary person.

Questions 6 – 10 Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage.

6 Sir Kevin mistakenly believes that the Queen is only interested in reading as a way of passing the time .

7 The Queen wonders where her _________________________ for literature has come from.

8 The Queen feels that she could read with _________________________ if she could consider reading as a form of duty.

9 The evening when she and _________________________ with the general public is a fond memory of the Queen’s.

10 The Queen is _________________________ her obligation to open Parliament, despite having previously enjoyed the ritual.

43 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING Part 3 – Four-option multiple choice – Understanding vocabulary

B2 TRAINING

Read the following article, then answer the questions. Numbers 1 and 7 are given as examples.

English schools turn to scripted lessons to raise standards

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

In a converted office block in an unprepossessing corner of west London, a year 10 class is working with intense concentration. The walls are grey and virtually bare; on the whiteboard is a cartoon-style story about a pilot marooned on a desert island. The lesson is conducted at a frenetic pace; questions are rapid-fire and answered with an instant sea of hands. At the end of each written exercise the teacher will shout out: “3-2-1 ...!” and clap her hands for the children to stop.

The generic name for what’s going on at the Michaela Community School, a free school in Wembley, is Direct Instruction (DI) – a scripted lesson. This group of students are using these particular materials because they’re struggling with the English language, but most classes in the school have similar features – children and a teacher working through printed lesson materials, a quick-fire question and response interspersed with short written exercises. The term is becoming a buzz phrase: the schools minister recently made a speech in which he praised these methods: “The evidence is clear – however much it may shock the pre-conceived expectations of some education experts... teacher-led instruction is more effective than child-centred, inquiry-based approaches.”

Direct Instruction was developed in the US in the 1960s. It is controversial – some teachers have likened being on a maths mastery programme to the training in a call centre, and teachers’ chat forums have seen similar negative comments. But there is some strong evidence that it works, particularly with pupils from deprived backgrounds or at risk of falling behind. In one US study, results from an experimental programme involving more than 200,000 at-risk pupils found those taught using DI still outperformed their peers years later.

Other structured programmes are also showing success with under-performing pupils. A largescale study by the London School of Economics (LSE) on synthetic phonics lessons found that while they did not improve the reading score of the average child over time, they did help those who were at risk. Pre-produced programmes with very explicit instructions for teachers are now widely used, and while there’s consensus among many experts that they can work well when used judiciously by highly skilled teachers in the right circumstances, there is also wide agreement that whatever their benefits, these kinds of lessons can never be the only show in town, if only because they do little to prepare students for the quotidian realities of professional life.

The Edge Foundation promotes project-based learning and lessons that are relevant to the world of work. Its director of policy and research, Olly Newton, says employers value work-readiness more than academic qualifications. In an increasingly technological world, softer skills will be crucial.

“We talk about the rise of the robots,” he says, “but we’re still going to need that human element.

Trying to mechanise people to behave like machines is not what the labour market is looking for.

It’s going to be looking for individuals who are resilient and adaptable and can offer human skills that robots can’t. They’ll want problem-solving – things we can’t programme a machine to do.”

The implication is that the value of strict discipline is increasingly valueless in a job market which prioritizes imagination and flexibility.

However, at the Michaela School – known for its emphasis on rigour – there’s no embarrassment about taking a hard-nosed approach. The deputy head, Katie Ashford, says: “Michaela is a very different school in that we value teacher subject knowledge and teacher expertise to get the best out of every child.”

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Questions 1 – 6

Questions 7 – 12

Choose the correct alternative (A, B, C, or D).

Choose the correct meaning of the following words and collocations in the passage.

1 The West London classroom is decorated A ◻ with cartoons.

B ◻ with intense colours.

Y very plainly.

C◻ D ◻ to resemble an office.

2 Direct Instruction A ◻ is based on teacher improvisation.

B ◻ focuses mainly on written exercises.

C ◻ is only for students who have trouble with English.

D ◻ involves interaction between teachers and students.

3 The schools minister said that DI is A ◻ proven to be effective.

B ◻ shocking to most teachers.

C ◻ inappropriate for certain students.

D ◻ as good as other approaches.

4 Some teachers dislike DI because A ◻ it doesn’t encourage conversation.

B ◻ there is no proof that it succeeds.

C ◻ it feels similar to training employees.

D ◻ it favours students from rich families.

5 It is widely agreed that DI A ◻ should not be used in isolation.

B ◻ can be used effectively by all teachers.

C ◻ is better suited to schools in towns and cities.

D ◻ can help students prepare for future jobs.

6

7 “an unprepossessing corner” (line 1) Y an unattractive place A◻ B

◻ a place which was not previously owned

8 “marooned” (line 3) A ◻ working hard in a foreign land B ◻ trapped in an inaccessible place 9 “interspersed with” (line 11) A ◻ scattered with B ◻ beginning with 10 “a buzz phrase” (line 12) A ◻ a phrase which causes controversy B ◻ a phrase which is popular and fashionable 11 “outperformed their peers” (line 21) A ◻ competed with their peers B ◻ were more successful than their peers 12 “the only show in town” (line 28) A ◻ the only way of doing something B ◻ the only accepted form of behaviour 13 “resilient” (line 35) A ◻ very strong B ◻ very honest 14 “a hard-nosed approach” (line 40) A ◻ a tough, pragmatic approach B ◻ a very unconventional approach

According to Ollie Newton, A ◻ modern companies are more interested in academic achievement.

B ◻ interpersonal skills are increasingly valued by employers.

C ◻ robots will soon replace the majority of jobs.

D ◻ machines cannot be trusted to keep us safe.

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READING

B2 TRAINING

Part 4 – Gapped text – Summary completion Read the following article. Six sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences (A – G) on the next page the one which fits each gap (1 – 6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Number 1 is given as an example.

Banks failing to connect with women are missing out Women reported finding financial advisers arrogant, but were twice as likely to recommend their bank if satisfied with its service Banks are failing to connect with women who view financial advisers as arrogant, selfinterested and untrustworthy, according to new research. The report suggests that financial institutions are losing out on a £130bn business opportunity by not appealing to women because they fail to develop client experiences rooted in men and women’s fundamentally different perspectives on finance.

1 D To find out the differences between men’s and women’s relationship to finance, the report’s authors interviewed over 2,000 men and women, analysed over 1.5 million social media posts, used Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) to analyse reactions to adverts and analysed TGI* data, which offers a complete view of consumer behaviour and motivations. 2

buying their home compared to half of women.

However, Kantar’s research shows that women are less financially confident. 5 Women’s lower engagement is also a major factor behind their concerns and shortfalls in retirement income. Men’s average retirement savings of £73,600 are three times more than women’s at £24,900, according to the latest figures.

This makes improved engagement of women in the financial sector a social imperative as well as commercial opportunity.

The need for a more rounded approach to marketing is already being recognised by This is some major banking brands. 6 in marked contrast to the bank’s traditionally more competitive, ‘macho’ public image. If this trend continues – and there is no reason to think that it won’t – then it may well change the face of banking forever. * TGI stands for Target Group Index.

It’s a standard term for research into consumer attitudes, habits, motivations, etc.

According to the report, women tend to focus more on relationships and family life when dealing with finances than men, who are interested in products and price. Women also have less time than men to plan for their future. 3 By 2020, they will hold over half of investable assets.

The report shows that satisfied female clients are twice as likely to recommend their bank, they typically hold more savings, mortgage and general insurance products than men and are more loyal. 4 Indeed, an extraordinary two thirds of men under-estimated the cost of 46 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Questions 1 – 6 A Women were also shown to be more responsible borrowers with a more conservative approach to the financial barriers to homeownership.

B It showed that banks’ advertising fails to consistently communicate qualities including ‘trustworthiness’, ‘understanding’, ‘dependability’ and ‘accessibility’ to women when tested using FRT. C For example, Ireland’s leading bank has recently launched a campaign emphasising community and togetherness.

D In terms of scope and methodology, the report is arguably the most thorough and wideranging ever conducted on this matter. Y E However, women are an increasingly attractive prospect for banks.

F This suggests that motherhood is less likely than previously thought to affect a woman’s overall income.

G Among female customers, 65 per cent were found to have low financial confidence compared to 55 per cent of men.

Questions 7 – 12 Complete the summary with the six appropriate words from the list below (A – J). Number 7 is given as an example.

A new report has (7) CCCCCCCCC that the banking industry is alienating women and losing billions in the process. The authors of the report (8) ____________ thousands of hours of research, concluding that the problem lies in banks’ (9) ____________ to communicate with women in terms of their typical priorities such as family and relationships.

(10) ____________, the report suggests that women are arguably more valuable customers than men, as they tend to show higher levels of loyalty and financial responsibility, (11) ____________ being less confident than their male counterparts.

The impact of the report’s (12) ____________ is already being felt in some banks’ advertising campaigns, which are beginning to shift away from the more traditionally masculine image.

A despite

F carried out

B Consequently C revealed Y

G Furthermore

D findings

I

E whereas

J failure

H made assess

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READING Part 5 – Information matching – Ending matching

B2 TRAINING

Read the following leaflet, then answer the questions. Numbers 1 and 11 are given as examples.

A

B

Shakespeare’s Globe

One of London’s most popular and historically resonant cultural venues is Shakespeare’s Globe, which is situated on the bustling south bank of the River Thames. Although powerfully redolent of Elizabethan times, it was actually built in 1997, as a homage to the original theatre, which was gutted by a fire in 1613 and demolished a few decades later. Visitors can take a guided tour of the building or, between the start of spring and the end of autumn, watch performances of the Bard’s plays (the Globe is an open-air theatre, so it might be wise to wear a raincoat!). Tickets begin from a very affordable £5 for standing tickets.

C

St Paul’s Cathedral

Considered by many to be the most aesthetically pleasing of London’s great structures, St Paul’s Cathedral is a masterpiece of 17th century architecture.

In addition to its visual grandeur, the cathedral is significant for its storied history: St Paul’s has served as the venue for a variety of major ceremonies, including the wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, and the funerals of Admiral Nelson and Winston Churchill. Its famous domed roof is visible from countless vantage points in the city, and worshippers are allowed to enter for free (but tourists have to pay an entrance fee of £18).

Tate Modern

Tate Modern is arguably Europe’s greatest museums of 20th and 21st century art, but you would be forgiven for mistaking it for an industrial centre at first look. This is due to the fact that the building was originally the Bankside Power Station, and was repurposed into a museum at the turn of the 21st century. Like most of the capital’s large museums, the main collection is free for all visitors, and includes classic pieces of art by the likes of Picasso alongside more avant-garde and experimental work. If you prefer more traditional art, you should visit Tate Modern’s ‘sister’ gallery, Tate Britain, which can be found in nearby Westminster.

D

The Houses of Parliament

Also known officially as The Palace of Westminster, The Houses of Parliament represent the seat of governmental power in the UK. The Houses are divided into two discreet chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Of the two, the latter is by far the most powerful, being the meeting place for MPs where laws, bills and overall government policy are debated. Every Tuesday, the Prime Minister is required to answer opposition questions in the Commons, and these sessions are broadcast to the nation. It is possible to take a guided tour, but visitors are prohibited from entering many areas of the building – in fact, even the reigning monarch is not permitted to enter the House of Commons!

E

The Shard

The Shard is one of London’s newest major buildings, having been completed in 2012.

The building has proven to be somewhat divisive: some have praised its sleek and futuristic design, while others consider it to be a cold and ugly blot on the city skyline.

As the tallest building in London, the Shard offers a panoramic perspective on the whole city, assuming you are willing to pay the £25 entrance fee to access the viewing platform.

The rest of the building is rented by an eclectic range of private clients, including fashion agencies, media outlets, several restaurants, and Hospital Corporations of America.

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Questions 1 – 10 For questions 1 – 10 choose from the buildings (A – E). The buildings may be chosen more than once.

Which building…

1 is widely thought to be London’s most beautiful building?

B

2 houses a wide variety of organisations?

3 is closely associated with another building in London?

4 charges money for some visitors?

5 seasonally features live entertainment?

6 has two formal titles?

7 is a reconstruction of a building which was destroyed?

8 has heavily restricted visiting areas?

9 is fairly controversial in appearance?

10 was originally used for something completely different?

Questions 11 – 16 Complete the sentences with the six correct endings from the options A – H. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use.

G

11 Shakespeare’s Globe was 12 St Paul’s Cathedral has been 13 The roof of St Paul’s Cathedral 14 Tate Modern does not 15 The Palace of Westminster frequently 16 The Shard is

A can be seen from all over London.

B taller than any other building in the capital.

C is soon to be demolished.

D appears on national television.

E used for many important public events.

F allow pets of any kind.

G built much more recently than it looks. Y H charge people to visit.

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READING Part 6 – Information matching – Question and answer matching

B2 TRAINING

Read the following passage, then answer the questions. Numbers 1 and 11 are given as examples.

Mental health? It’s in the mind and the body, too We are wrong to deny the link between physical and mental health, as emerging evidence suggests A For a while, I’ve believed that we need to stop splitting mental and physical health.

The mind doesn’t exist outside the body.

A body without a mind is a corpse. In a way, this is a return to an old way of thinking: a “healthy mind in a healthy body” was the main component of Greek Hippocratic theory. But since Descartes split mind and body, arguing that the two were distinct, we’ve been living with the consequences. The National Health Service (NHS) distinguishes between mind and body – and can use the division as an excuse not to provide adequate money for mental health services. And I used to embrace the split, too, until I was afflicted by two severe depressive episodes. I was astonished by how physically unwell I became. I couldn’t sleep. My heart sped up. I felt nauseous. Every bit of me hurt.

B Try this for a moment. Take a deep breath. Let your shoulders drop. Close your eyes. Breathe. Enjoy that moment of physical relaxation. And notice something interesting.

When we become physically relaxed, we become mentally relaxed. It’s impossible to be physically relaxed and mentally tense.

Equally, if you feel stressed and tense, your body follows. In repressive cultures where expressions of the thought are not allowed, the mind can manifest itself in symptoms of pain.

Those who have suffered intolerable trauma often have a wide range of physical symptoms.

Equally, any doctor will tell you that the physical body breaks down when the mind can’t take any more trauma. Thyroid disorders, psoriasis and arthritis are all autoimmune illnesses that can develop at times of emotional stress.

C Once we accept the union of mental and physical health, a few things become clear.

First, we should ditch the term “mental health”. From now on, we should talk about someone’s health – all in. We would lose much of the stigma that still surrounds saying we are “mentally” unwell. We’re not.

We’re just unwell. And it follows we should embrace a new way of treating those with mental illnesses once we accept that mental illness can be embodied in this way. The split between mind and body has poorly served us, both in terms of diagnosis and in treatment.

D First, diagnosis. We need to look more to underlying causes for why we often feel so glum, many of them physical. We don’t exercise enough. We eat junk food. Many of us suffer from chronic high levels of inflammation, with inflamed guts leading to stressed bodies – and low mood. We lead hectic lives. We live in cities. We are divorced from nature, and each other. We are glued to our phones. We are not compassionate to ourselves, or to others. Second, treatment.

What promotes good cardiovascular, endocrine and musculoskeletal health also promotes good mental health and vice versa. When I look back at my own battle with depression, I wonder if I might have recovered more quickly, or been less ill in the first place, if I had understood more about the connection between my mental and physical health.

It seems I’m not alone – and hooray for that.

There’s still a long way to go, but we seem to be moving in the right direction.

50 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Questions 1 – 10 The reading passage has four sections, A – D. Which paragraphs contain the following information? Write the correct letter, A – D, in the boxes. You may use any letter more than once.

D

1 it suggests a link between diet and mental health.

2 it describes the symptoms of the writer’s own depression.

3 it argues for a change in common phrasing.

4 it refers to historical beliefs on the relationship between mind and body.

5 it gives examples of physical illnesses arising from inner turmoil.

6 it expresses optimism for the future.

7 it tells the reader to do something with their body.

8 it refers to the social sense of shame associated with mental illness.

9 it says that we have lost our connection to the natural world.

10 it indicates that mental health is insufficiently funded.

Questions 11 – 16 Match the questions with the correct answers from the options A – H. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use.

11 Who does the writer identify as responsible for the separation of mind and body?

12 What experiences made the writer reconsider her conception of mental and physical health?

13 How can the mind express itself in repressive societies?

14 What can cause some autoimmune disorders to develop?

15 Which phrase does the writer believe should no longer be used?

16 What type of edible product does the writer link to depression?

A In symptoms of pain.

B Times of emotional stress.

C Junk food.

D Descartes. Y E Mental health.

F Suffering from unbearable pain.

G Physical relaxation.

H Severe depressive episodes.

11 D

12

13

14

15

16 51

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READING Part 7 – Heading matching – Information matching Read the following article, then answer the questions. Numbers 1 and 8 are given as examples.

B2 TRAINING

Disastrous 2016 shows butterflies are “failing to cope” with climate change 40 out of 57 species saw population declines last year with the survival of some species now in doubt A Butterflies are “failing to cope” with climate change and the pollution of the British countryside, experts have warned after a disastrous year saw population declines in 40 out of 57 species – a decrease which has never previously been recorded. The UK Butterfly Monitoring Survey found it had been the fourth-worst year overall with six species – the heath fritillary, grizzled skipper, wall, grayling, white-letter hairstreak and white admiral – all suffering their most dramatic declines in the 41 years since records began.

B Professor Tom Brereton, head of monitoring at Butterfly Conservation, said the results showed that the insects were in trouble, and that the situation is likely to get worse.

“Worryingly, not even the pleasant summer weather of 2016 was enough to help butterflies bounce back from a run of poor years,” he said. “The results show that butterflies are failing to cope with our changing climate and how we manage the environment. As butterflies are regarded as good indicators of environmental health this is hugely concerning for both wildlife and people. It raises some worrying questions for the future.”

C A mild winter is thought to have been the beginning of their troubles. Research has suggested this leads to an increase in diseases and predation and a disruption of their over-wintering behaviour. This was followed by a cold spring, which caused

further problems as it can delay their emergence into the winged stage of their life, leading to shorter lifespans.

D Some of the declines in population numbers found by the survey before were jaw-dropping.

The gatekeeper was down 48 per cent on the year before, while other similarly widespread species like the meadow brown and wall butterfly (both down 31 per cent) also struggled.

The white admiral, white-letter hairstreak and grayling numbers also fell by 59 per cent, 42 per cent and 27 per cent respectively. The heath fritillary, now found in just a few sites in southern England, fell by 27 per cent between 2015 and 2016, raising fears for its long-term future in the UK. Its numbers have fallen by 82 per cent in the last 10 years.

E Dr Marc Botham, butterfly ecologist at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, which was also involved in the survey, said: “The weather at critical times of species development can cause dramatic changes in population numbers in the short term. What is of greatest concern is the regularity with which these short-term changes in recent years are negative, resulting in significant long-term declines for many species, not just butterflies. Furthermore, this is becoming more and more commonplace for many of our most widespread and abundant species equating to large reductions in overall butterfly numbers with knock-on effects to their ecosystems.”

52 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

F On the positive side, the large blue, which was reintroduced after extinction in the UK, recorded its second best year on record with numbers up by 38 per cent on 2015 after conservation work to improve the type of grassland habitat the still-rare insect needs. The widespread red admiral recorded a rise of 86 per cent compared to 2015 and the clouded yellow, another mainly migrant species, saw its numbers rise by 35 per cent.

G Anna Robinson, monitoring ecologist at the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, thanked people for helping carry out the

survey. “We are really grateful to the thousands of volunteers who get involved in monitoring the UK’s butterflies,” she said.

“The evidence provided by the survey is of great importance in showing the need for conservation action to improve the situation.”

The survey has run since 1976 and involves thousands of volunteers collecting data through the summer. Last year a record 2,507 sites were monitored across the UK. The scheme is organised and funded by Butterfly Conservation, the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, the British Trust for Ornithology and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Questions 1 – 7 The reading passage has seven sections, A – G. Choose the correct heading for sections A – G from the list of headings below. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.

1 Section A

viii

2 Section B 3 Section C 4 Section D 5 Section E 6 Section F 7 Section G

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix.

Not all bad news The importance of the survey A probable solution Some astonishing figures Difficult times ahead An unusually harsh winter The impact on other species An unprecedented drop in butterfly populations Y Changing seasons

Questions 8 – 12 Which paragraphs contain the following information? Write the correct letter, A – G, in the boxes. You may use any letter more than once.

8 a reference to the first year of the survey

G

9 an expert who is very pessimistic about the future 10 a connection between seasonal variations and illness 11 a remarkable increase between 2015 and 2016 12 a reference to the frequency of negative effects in recent times

53 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

READING Part 8 – True-False-Not Given – Diagram labelling

B2 TRAINING

Read the following article, then answer the questions. Number 1 is given as an example.

New surgical robots are about to enter the operating theatre Surgeons will soon have more helping mechanical hands Robots have been giving surgeons a helping hand for years. In 2016 there were about 4,000 of them scattered around the world’s hospitals, and they took part in 750,000 operations. Most of those procedures were on prostate glands and uteruses, but robots also helped surgeons operate on kidneys, colons, hearts and other organs. Almost all of these machines were, however, the products of a single company.

Intuitive Surgical, of Sunnyvale, California, has dominated the surgical-robot market since its device, da Vinci, was cleared for use by the American Food and Drug Administration in 2000.

That, however, is likely to change soon, for two reasons. One is that the ongoing miniaturisation of electronics means that smarter circuits can be fitted into smaller and more versatile robotic arms than those possessed by Intuitive’s invention.

This expands the range of procedures surgical robots can be involved in, and thus the size of the market. The other is that surgical robotics is, as it were, about to go generic. Many of Intuitive’s patents have recently expired. Others are about to do so. As a result, both hopeful startups and established health-care companies are planning to enter their own machines into the field.

Though the word “robot” suggests a machine that can do its work automatically, both da Vinci and its putative competitors are controlled by human surgeons. They are ways of helping a surgeon wield his instruments more precisely than if he were holding them directly. But at more than $2m for the equipment, plus up to $170,000 a year for maintenance, da Vinci is expensive. If a new generation of surgical robots can make things cheaper, then the benefits of robot-assisted surgery will spread, especially as the robots gain ‘life experience’: Intuitive wants not just to build surgical machines, but to get its robots to learn from one another. The firm plans to connect all the machines it sells to the Internet. Each bot will record data

about, and videos of, every procedure it performs.

These will be fed to machine-learning algorithms for analysis, to tease out what works best.

This summer Cambridge Medical Robotics (CMR), a British company, unveiled Versius, a robot that it hopes to start selling next year. Unlike da Vinci, in which the arms are all attached to a single cart, Versius sports a set of independent arms, each with its own base. These arms are small and light enough to be moved around an operating table as a surgeon pleases, or from one operating theatre to another as the demands of a hospital dictate. This way, the hospital need not dedicate a specific theatre to robotic surgery, and the number of arms can be tailored to the procedure at hand.

Unlike a da Vinci arm, which is like that of an industrial robot, a Versius arm is built like a human one. It has three joints, corresponding to the shoulder, the elbow and the wrist. This means, according to Martin Frost, CMR’s chief executive, that surgeons will be able to use angles and movements they are already familiar with, instead of having to learn a robot-friendly version of a procedure from scratch. The company has yet to decide how much the arms will cost, but Mr Frost expects that operations which employ Versius will work out to be only a few hundred dollars more expensive than those conducted by humans alone.

Here’s how the standard model works: the surgeon controls the robot’s every movement via the Operative Control, which is connected to the robot via a secure cable. Immediately behind the surgeon sits an OS monitor which tracks the progress of the surgery. The operation itself is carried out by two or three robot arms, but the patient is flanked at all times by an assistant and a nurse. An anaesthesiologist will also be present at the head of the patient’s bed to regulate the drugs which prevent the patient from waking.

54 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Questions 1 – 7 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write: TRUE

if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE

if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN

if there is no information on this T

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

The majority of robot-assisted surgeries so far have been on major organs.

Devices are continually decreasing in size.

Intuitive’s products are becoming less popular.

Medical robots can perform procedures without human input.

The Internet will allow robots to share information with each other.

Versius is likely to sell in much greater quantities than da Vinci.

Versius is expected to perform operations more cheaply than da Vinci.

F Y

NG

Questions 8 – 12 Complete each label in the diagram with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the reading passage.

8 Surgeon

10

9

12

11

Assistant

Anaesthesiologist

55 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

LISTENING Part 1 – Three-option multiple choice

B2 TRAINING

track 7

You will hear people talking in different situations. For questions 1 – 7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 You hear a woman talking about learning French.

The woman says that learning French A

has helped her in her job.

B Y has given her a different perspective on life.

C

has improved her writing ability.

1 You hear two students talking about their new lecturer.

Why doesn’t the girl like the lecturer?

A

She finds him rude.

B

She finds him hard to understand.

C

She finds him boring.

2 You hear a news report on a new education policy.

Why have some schools rejected the policy?

A

For practical reasons.

B

For moral reasons.

C

For legal reasons.

3 You hear a student talking to her teacher about a recent assignment.

The teacher says that Mary needs to work on A

her style.

B

her structure.

C

her conclusion.

4 You hear part of a lecture on a novelist.

What aspect of the novelist’s work is praised by the lecturer?

A

His political ideas.

B

His stories.

C

His characterisation.

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5 You hear two students discussing a new university building.

The students agree that the building should A

be cleaned.

B

be more modern.

C

be closer to the students’ residence.

6 You hear an interview with an author.

What does the author think is the similarity between old and modern schools?

A

The quality of the food.

B

The interaction of male and female pupils.

C

The form of discipline.

7 You hear a teacher introducing new students to a school.

Which part of the school is not currently available?

A

The swimming pool.

B

The library.

C

The IT room.

Part 2 – Multiple matching

track 8

You will hear people talking about their visit to various art galleries in London.

For questions 1 – 5, choose from the list (A – H) what each speaker thought about the gallery they visited. Use the letters only once. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example

0

Speaker 1

1

D the sculptures were more interesting than the paintings

Speaker 2

2

E the exhibition was overrated

Speaker 3

3

Speaker 4

4

Speaker 5

5

A some of the artworks were hard to understand B the gallery had had better exhibitions in the past

C

C the exhibition was too expensive Y

F the guide was excellent G the exhibition was inappropriate for children H there was not enough variety

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LISTENING Part 3 – Three-option multiple choice

B2 TRAINING

track 9

You will hear people talking in different situations. For questions 1 – 7, choose the best answer (A, B, or C). There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 You hear a man talking to his doctor.

The doctor advises the man to A Y slightly alter his diet and exercise regimen.

B

significantly alter his diet.

C

significantly alter his exercise regimen.

1 You hear a rugby player describing his daily plan.

Which of the following is NOT true?

A

He usually wakes up early.

B

He maintains a strict diet.

C

He does a lot of heavy physical exercise.

2 You hear a woman describing a recent illness.

The woman’s illness A

developed very gradually.

B

was potentially fatal.

C

was impossible to identify.

3 You hear a news report on an outbreak of the flu.

Which group of people should consult a doctor if they get the flu?

A

Middle-aged people

B

Teenagers

C

Elderly people

4 You hear two friends discussing a documentary on health care.

How did the woman feel about the documentary?

A

Impressed

B

Disappointed

C

Confused

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5 You hear a woman arranging an appointment with a doctor.

At what time is the woman’s new appointment?

A

12:00

B

14:00

C

14:15

6 You hear part of a radio review of a new book on mental health.

What does the reviewer dislike about the book?

A

He thinks the book is poorly researched.

B

He thinks the book is badly written.

C

He disagrees with the conclusion.

7 You hear a student talking to a teacher about the results of a survey on alternative medicine.

The student was surprised by A

the number of people who responded.

B

the different responses of various age groups.

C

the attitude towards unconventional medicine.

Part 4 – Multiple matching

track 10

You will hear people giving presents to someone. For questions 1 – 5, choose from the list (A – H) what sort of present has been given. Use the letters only once.

There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example

0

Speaker 1

1

D A get-better present

Speaker 2

2

E An anniversary present

Speaker 3

3

G A house-warming present Y

Speaker 4

4

H A wedding present

Speaker 5

5

A A birthday present B A thank-you present

G

C A promotion present

F A retirement present

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LISTENING Part 5 – Four-option multiple choice

B2 TRAINING

track 11

You will hear part of an interview with Felix Baumgartner, the first man to perform a skydive from the edge of space. For questions 1 – 7, choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D). Number 1 is given as an example.

Questions 1 – 7 1 Felix A B Y C D

hated the suit because he found it ugly. he felt restricted by it. it was always too cold. it was like a second skin.

2 The jump from space was very different from a typical skydive because A the parachute was much bigger.

B Felix did not wear gloves.

C it was carried out during the winter.

D Felix did not have his usual mobility.

3 How did Felix react to being replaced by Rob? A He was indifferent.

B He was happy for Rob. C He felt betrayed by Rob. D He felt envious.

4 Felix regained his position A without any assistance.

B very quickly.

C by working with his team.

D by talking to his close friends.

5 Which of the following is true?

A The highlight of the jump was the moment when he landed.

B Felix was too scared to enjoy the jump.

Felix found it difficult to open his parachute.

C D Felix cannot choose just one highlight.

6 What was Felix’s main emotion after the jump?

A He felt relieved.

B C D

He felt underwhelmed.

He felt overjoyed.

He felt very sad.

7 What does Felix say about the future?

A He hopes not to be called Fearless Felix.

B He hopes to inspire children.

C He hopes to break his own world record.

D He hopes he never has to wear the suit again.

60 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Part 6 – Ending matching

track 12

You will hear an interview with two travel writers, Deidre Murphy and Peter Thornton.

Complete the sentences with the six correct endings from the options A – I. There two extra letters you do not need to use. Number 1 is given as an example.

A B C D E F G H I

1 2 3 4

Sweden is not as pricey Places of natural beauty A boat trip is a must When you are in the country in Sweden 5 In Sweden’s winter resorts 6 Accommodation at the Ice Hotel 7 Sweden offers the disabled

1 G

2

3

while you are in the Swedish capital. there are only non-Swedish tourists. special means of transport. are easily accessible in Stockholm. easy access to public buildings. is extremely comfortable. as people imagine. Y the slopes are not packed with people. you are expected to be conscious of the environment.

4

5

6

7

Part 7 – True-False-Not Given

track 13

You will hear part of a talk about the justice system in the USA. For questions 1 – 7, decide if each statement is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). If the information is NOT GIVEN, choose NG. Number 1 is given as an example.

T

1 Most US citizens are satisfied with the state of the justice system.

F

NG

Y

2 Prison is widely acknowledged to be effective in deterring crime.

3 Evidence suggests that prison can cause an increase in criminal behaviour.

4 Thieves are more likely to reoffend than other criminals.

5 There appears to be a correlation between the number of police and the crime rate.

6 Juvenile detention has been shown to be ineffective.

7 It is possible that arresting a smaller number of people will have positive effects.

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LISTENING Part 8 – Sentence completion

B2 TRAINING

track 14

You will hear a talk on the future of money. For questions 1 – 8, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the recording.

Number 1 is given as an example.

THE FUTURE OF MONEY

1 The Yap in Micronesia use

stones

as a cerimonial form of currency.

2 Money is ______________ about value.

3 Over the last 20 years people have started using ______________.

4 The lack of cooperation between financial services increases ______________.

5 Bitcoin is ______________ form of cryptocurrency.

6 100,000 Bitcoins is worth roughly $ ______________.

7 If we use cryptocurrencies we no longer need to depend on ______________ for our transactions.

8 Cryptocurrencies allow us to send money around ______________ without extra fees.

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Part 9 – Sentence completion

track 15

You will hear a professor talking about touch technology. For questions 1 – 10, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the recording.

Number 1 is given as an example.

TOUCH TECHNOLOGY

The sense of touch is divided into two main areas: 1

tactile sensations

, which are felt

in a person’s skin, and kinaesthetic sensations, which are related to movement.

The professor is particularly interested in humans’ ability to use their 2 Interactive touch technology works by measuring 3

. and matching it

to sensations.

The professor and her co-workers created a 4

containing various

sensors.

The 5

sensor helps to determine the identity of the material being

touched.

The information gathered by the sensors is turned into 6 representations.

Haptic photography could improve the way we experience online shopping and 7

.

The professor believes that computer technology could make practice more efficient and 8

.

The system monitors movement and feeds back data through 9 which tell you how to move.

The system was originally created to assist 10

.

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LISTENING Part 10 – Diagram labelling – Sentence completion

B2 TRAINING

track 16

You will hear a talk about photography. Answer questions 1 – 5 and questions 6 – 10.

Questions 1 – 5 Complete the labels in the diagram with ONE WORD from the recording.

Diagram-Traditional SLR

(4) ______________

Prism

Mirror

(3) ______________ button

(5) Photographic ______________

(2) Focusing ______________

(1) Camera’s ______________

Questions 6 – 10 Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the recording. Number 6 is given as an example.

6 An increasing number of photographers are taking an interest in older

film formats

7 Whether they are using digital or analogue cameras, photographers are keen to achieve _________________ photographs.

8 As film does not use pixels, we calculate the accuracy of analogue photographs via a process called _________________.

9 35mm film can achieve a maximum resolution of _________________ pixels.

10 Professional photographers often emphasise the _________________ of film, such as the depth of light.

64 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

.

INVALSI Test Practice

Reading B1 Part 1 B1 Part 2 B2 Part 3 B2 Part 4 B2 Part 5

Listening B1 Part 1 B1 Part 2 B2 Part 3 B2 Part 4 B2 Part 5

65 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

READING B1 Part 1 Read the following article, then answer the questions. There is an example at the beginning (0).

‘Flexitarianism’ on the rise The word flexitarianism refers to a kind of flexible eating regimen which is mostly vegetarian, but allows for occasional meat dishes.

We all know that less meat in our diet is good for our health but also for the planet, and it seems more and more of us are consciously making an effort to cut down on our meat consumption in exchange for alternative protein sources. According to a recent study, flexitarianism is going to be one of the biggest food trends of the coming decades.

After the rise and fall of clean eating, flexitarianism is emerging as a much more achievable alternative to going full vegetarian or vegan without completely eliminating meat.

Of course, this way of eating isn’t new, but it’s becoming increasingly popular thanks in part to high-profile champions including Sir Richard Branson, Emma Thompson and Paul McCartney. Studies have shown that cutting down on meat has a number of health benefits including reduced risk of diabetes, cancer and heart disease, and flexitarianism gives people a way to improve their health without giving up burgers and steaks for good.

What’s more, with the rise of ethical and sustainable living, more of us want to help improve the planet – some organisations have estimated that the livestock sector could be responsible for as much as 51% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

So one of the solutions is to go flexitarian, and many nutritionists think we will all be doing it in the near future.

But that’s not the only way we’re set to improve our health in the next few years – health food experts predict a rise in non-wheat pasta (made with quinoa, for example), legumes, and foods which are high in antioxidants, such as blueberries and peppers.

66 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Questions 1 – 4 Complete the sentences with the four correct endings from the options A – G. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A flexitarianism will increase in the future.

0 Flexitarians can

B has declined in recent months.

1 A recent study suggests that

C have promoted flexitarianism.

D are expected to increase in popularity.

E eat meat from time to time. Y

2 Several celebrities 3 Reducing meat intake

F is causing controversy in farming.

G can help people avoid certain illnesses.

4 Blueberries, legumes and non-wheat pasta 0 E

1

2

3

4

Questions 5 – 7 Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 5

People are increasingly swapping meat for ternative rotein sources

alternative protein sources

.

such as Paul McCartney have helped to raise the popularity

of flexitarianism.

6 Flexitarianism allows people to preserve their health without sacrificing ternative rotein sources

.

7 Animal farming is thought to be responsible for around half of

ternative rotein sources

.

67 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

READING B1 Part 2 1 Read the following article, then answer the questions.

Social Media and Teens The verdict is still out on whether social media is damaging to the mental health of teens.

This is in part due to the lack of research. Some studies show that online connections with small groups of people can be beneficial to teens, while other research points to a rise in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and eating disorders.

5

10

15

20

The other reason why it’s difficult to get a clear understanding of the issue is that social media is constantly changing and evolving. Plus, no long-term studies have been completed.

So, we’re left making educated guesses based on current research. There’s just not enough data to back up the potential long-term advantages and disadvantages of living on “likes”.

One study in the USA, for example, found a correlation between time spent scrolling through social media apps and negative body image feedback. Those who had spent more time on social media had 2.2 times the risk of reporting eating and body image concerns, compared to their peers who spent less time on social media. The participants who spent the most time on social media had 2.6 times the risk.

Results from a separate study showed that the more time young adults spent on social media, the more likely they were to have problems sleeping and report symptoms of depression.

And another small study of teens aged 13-18 found that receiving a high number of likes on photos showed increased activity in the reward centre of the brain. Further, teens are influenced to like photos, regardless of content, based on high numbers of likes.

Bottom line: It feels good to be “liked” and herd mentality is big on social media. Like what others like and you’re in.

Questions 8 – 11 Choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think best fits according to the text. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 The relationship between social media and teens’ mental health Y remains unclear.

A◻ B ◻ is entirely negative.

C ◻ is of no interest to academics.

D ◻ is less important than in previous years.

8 The existing research on social media A ◻ is very detailed.

B ◻ suggests that the problem is getting worse.

C ◻ is insufficient for definite conclusions.

D ◻ is mostly produced by the USA. 68 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

9 An American study

◻ was very controversial.

B ◻ discovered a link between social media and self-esteem.

C ◻ was inconclusive in its findings.

D ◻ found that social media has a positive impact on teens’ mental health.

A

10 Other effects of social media include

◻ reduced attention spans.

B ◻ a rise in aggression.

C ◻ increased appetite.

D ◻ a rise in melancholic tendencies.

A

11 The writer concludes that

◻ nothing can be done to address this problem.

B ◻ teenagers should be prohibited from using social media.

C ◻ social media promotes conformity.

D ◻ social media can be very enjoyable.

A

Questions 12 – 15 Choose the correct meaning of the following words and collocations in the passage. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 living on “likes” (line 8)

◻ surviving through similarity with others Y depending on the approval of others B◻ C ◻ living with uncertainty

A

12 scrolling through social media (lines 9-10)

◻ promoting oneself through social media B ◻ wasting time on social media C ◻ looking at information on social media

A

13 body image concerns (line 11)

◻ worries over appearance B ◻ worries over health C ◻ worries over popularity

A

14 reward centre of the brain (line 18)

◻ a place where people receive money for academic achievements ◻ the part of the brain which senses danger C ◻ the part of the brain which produces feelings of pleasure

A

B

15 herd mentality (line 20)

◻ psychological complexity B ◻ conformist thinking C ◻ strong individualism

A

69 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

READING B2 Part 3 1 Read the following article, then answer the questions.

Evolving athletic performance with the help of technology A Technology and engineering are serious all-rounders in the sporting world. They make

an impact everywhere, from goal-line technology to detailed analysis of performance data and the biomechanics of how the body moves. Technology even affects what athletes wear.

One of the biggest advances regarding technology in sport is in the materials we use. One example, the LZR racer swim suit, reduced drag by compressing a swimmer’s body into a more hydrodynamic shape. It was used at the most recent Olympics by 90 per cent of race winners in the pool.

B Universities throughout the UK are constantly looking for new ways to develop and

apply technology within sport. Some of the research focuses on how virtual environments could be used to train elite rugby players; others use very modern equipment to investigate how tennis players move around the court. It’s not only about building better athletes, though. Driving elite performance has intrinsic value, but there are other important aspects such as athlete safety and participation. On the safety side, protective gear is progressing in leaps and bounds towards a perfect synthesis of strength and subtlety (consider the robust yet lightweight cycling helmets of today compared with the burdensome models of the past). Participation might mean getting people involved in a sport, or using tech to enable people to engage in sports more easily.

C Researchers are becoming increasingly excited about the practical implications of sports

technology. One university’s current work includes developing shuttlecocks that fly well in the open air, so that more people can access badminton by playing it outside in public spaces. Meanwhile, their work on the tennis court has other applications, including working with patients with balance problems to observe and quantify their movement. More remarkably, technology has been developed which enables athletes to monitor and control their brainwaves. The latest research demonstrates that this brain-training can be used to help athletes focus under pressure, while also having applications outside of sport in the treatment of various psychological conditions.

D With graduates going on to further research or working with national bodies and major sports brands, the work universities do around sports technology will continue to have an impact in both sports performance and wider health contexts, not to mention our ability to adjudicate with increasing precision on questions of whether a foul has been committed, a goal has been scored, or one runner has crossed the finish line before another.

The technologies available to researchers enable previously unanswerable questions to be addressed, with a greater level of accuracy in data than had previously been possible.

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Questions 16 – 20 The reading passage has four sections, A – D. Which paragraphs contain the following information? Write the correct letter, A – D, in the boxes. You may use any letter more than once. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 examples of technology helping us to make accurate rulings in sports

D

16 using technology to understand psychology 17 looking to the future 18 the importance of protecting athletes 19 an example of sportswear used at a major sporting event 20 a reference to two different racket sports

Questions 21 – 24 Complete the summary with the four appropriate words from the options A – G. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Technology is performing an increasingly important (0) research focuses on using (21) (22)

B

B

B

in sports. A lot of current

reality to train sportspeople, and a lot of

is also being made in the development of safety gear. Furthermore, scientists

are discovering how to use brain technology to help athletes deal with (23)

B

.

Nobody knows the future of sports technology, but it is certain to become more and more (24)

B

over the coming decades.

A reduction B role Y

E advancing

C stress

G sophisticated

F virtual

D progress

71 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

READING B2 Part 4 1 Read the following blog, then answer the questions.

An alternative guide to Dublin Dublin is known throughout the world as the emerald of northern Europe, renowned for its world-class pubs and theatres, its St. Patrick’s Day celebrations, and its electrifying fusion of tradition and modernity.

It is also surprisingly compact, making it one of Europe’s great walking capital. As any fan of James Joyce knows, Dublin is a joy to discover under your own initiative, but if you are interested in some of the lesser-known delights of the city here are some ideas to get you started…

What to see and do The Royal Hibernian Academy The Royal Hibernian Academy is one of the city’s best art spaces.

Home to works by artists such as Maeve McCarthy and David Farrell, the building itself – which stands in stark, modernist contrast to its Georgian terrace neighbours – is worth the visit alone.

The Little Museum of Dublin Situated in an imposing Georgian town house overlooking Saint Stephen’s Green, the Little Museum of Dublin tells the story of the city through a collection of donated curiosities and paraphernalia. It regularly hosts exhibitions on unusual aspects of Dublin life, with guides bringing the material to life.

The Liffey bridges

The Science Gallery Housed in Trinity College, Dublin’s Naughton Institute, the team behind the Science Gallery has not only put on some of Ireland’s most exciting exhibitions, it also has the world in its sights, with hubs in London, Melbourne and Bangalore set to open in the next two years. The cafe also serves some of the city’s best coffee.

The narrow River Liffey is as much a part of Dublin life as its packed pubs and, with 23 bridges across it in all, no trip would be complete without a stroll across at least two or three. In the heart of town, must-sees are the famously wide O’Connell Bridge, the Venetianstyle Ha’penny Bridge, and sweeping Grattan Bridge, with its characteristic seahorse lamps.

Where to eat Hophouse Many of the eateries in Dublin occupy buildings that were once pubs, and Hophouse, considered one of the best in the city, is a fun mix of Korean restaurant and Irish bar. This may not be the fanciest place in town, but it’s an exciting and authentic blend of Dublin old and new.

Sabor Brazil Dublin has a sizeable Brazilian community, and this venue has a reputation for being the most authentic of a slew of restaurants catering to its tastes. While the interior is decorated in the baroque style found in the colonial houses of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, the seven-course, setprice menu offers cuisine from every corner of the country.

Delahunt Delahunt offers modern takes on Irish food in what was once a well-known pub. And while the decor here is simple – the original Edwardian-era bar has been retained – the dishes are endlessly inventive.

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Where to drink The Stag’s Head

The Chelsea Drugstore

As classically Dublin as any pub can be, this Victorian-era charmer has wood-panelled snugs, chandeliers and, of course, the famous wall-mounted stag’s head. It’s dark and elegant at ground level, cosy and unfussy on the first floor, and the cellar bar is home to a comedy club which attracts some of the best names on the Dublin circuit.

Dublin’s hippest new bar is located on South Great George’s Street, which has long been the centre of Dublin’s creative quarter – markets, music shops, architects’ offices – and this place certainly delivers on the inventive. The aesthetic here is warm and minimalist with exposed brick walls and marbletopped tables.

Questions 25 – 29 Complete the sentences with the five correct endings from the options A – I. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 Dublin is among the most 25 As Dublin is relatively small, 26 The Royal Hibernian Academy’s building 27 The Science Gallery is 28 The Little Museum of Dublin 29 Hophouse has a reputation 0 E

25

26

A B C D E F G I

planning to expand internationally. it is easy to navigate on foot. are popular with tourists. to represent Irish history. popular cities in Europe. Y as one of the best places to eat in Dublin. is very unlike the surrounding architecture. contains many eccentric objects of interest.

27

28

29

Questions 30 – 32 Match the questions with the correct answers from the options A – F. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 What is distinctive about Grattan Bridge?

30 What did Delahunt use to be?

31 What can be found downstairs in the Stag’s Head?

32 Where is the Chelsea Drugstore?

A B C D E F 0 D

Endlessly inventive dishes.

South Great George’s Street.

A comedy club.

Its characteristic seahorse lamps. Y A well-known pub.

Central Dublin.

30

31

32 73

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

READING B2 Part 5 1 Read the following extract from Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, then answer the questions.

5

10

15

20

25

30

I walked about on the shore lifting up my hands, and my whole being, as I may say, wrapt1 up in the contemplation of my deliverance; making a thousand gestures and motions, which I cannot describe; reflecting upon all my comrades that were drowned, and that there should not be one soul saved but myself; for, as for them, I never saw them afterwards, or any sign of them, except three of their hats, one cap, and two shoes that were not fellows.

I cast my eye to the stranded vessel, when, the breach and froth of the sea being so big, I could hardly see it, it lay so far off; and considered, Lord! How was it possible I could get on shore?

After I had solaced my mind with the comfortable part of my condition, I began to look round me, to see what kind of place I was in, and what was next to be done; and I soon found my comforts abate, and that, in a word, I had a dreadful deliverance; for I was wet, had no clothes to shift me, nor anything either to eat or drink to comfort me; neither did I see any prospect before me but that of perishing with hunger or being devoured by wild beasts; and that which was particularly afflicting to me was, that I had no weapon, either to hunt and kill any creature for my sustenance, or to defend myself against any other creature that might desire to kill me for theirs. In a word, I had nothing about me but a knife, a tobacco-pipe, and a little tobacco in a box. This was all my provisions; and this threw me into such terrible agonies of mind, that for a while I ran about like a madman. Night coming upon me, I began with a heavy heart to consider what would be my lot if there were any ravenous beasts in that country, as at night they always come abroad for their prey.

All the remedy that offered to my thoughts at that time was to get up into a thick bushy tree like a fir, but thorny, which grew near me, and where I resolved to sit all night, and consider the next day what death I should die, for as yet I saw no prospect of life.

I walked about a furlong2 from the shore, to see if I could find any fresh water to drink, which I did, to my great joy; and having drank3, and put a little tobacco into my mouth to prevent hunger, I went to the tree, and getting up into it, endeavoured to place myself so that if I should sleep I might not fall. And having cut me a short stick, like a truncheon, for my defence, I took up my lodging; and having been excessively fatigued, I fell fast asleep, and slept as comfortably as, I believe, few could have done in my condition, and found myself the most refreshed with it that I think I ever was on such an occasion.

1 wrapped 2 unit of length equal to 201 metres 3 drunk

74 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Questions 33 – 37 Choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which you think fits best according to the text. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 What does the text reveal about Crusoe’s shipmates?

A ◻ There were thousands of them.

B ◻ They abandoned him.

Y They all died.

C◻ D ◻ Most of them survived.

35 What is meant by ‘ravenous beasts’ (line 21)?

A ◻ hungry animals B ◻ dangerous men C ◻ helpful strangers D ◻ edible plants

33 What is the meaning of ‘stranded vessel’ (line 7)?

A ◻ distant beach B ◻ drowned captain C ◻ rescue party D ◻ lost boat

36 What does the narrator expect from the future?

A ◻ To be rescued.

B ◻ To create a new life.

C ◻ To sleep comfortably.

D ◻ To die soon.

34 Which of the following is true?

A ◻ The narrator has plenty to eat and drink.

B ◻ The narrator has lost his clothing.

C ◻ The narrator knows where he is.

D ◻ The narrator has a gun.

37 How does he feel after sleeping?

A ◻ Extremely fearful.

B ◻ Very thirsty.

C ◻ Better than before.

D ◻ Disorientated.

Questions 38 – 40 Complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the passage. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 What does the narrator contemplate on the shore?

His deliverance.

38 Other than tobacco in a box, what items does he have?

39 What is he trying to find when he walks from the shore?

40 Why does he put some tobacco in his mouth?

75 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

LISTENING B1 Part 1

track 17

You will hear people talking in different situations. For questions 1 – 6, choose the correct answer (A, B, or C) There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 You hear two workers talking about the date of a meeting.

When is the meeting going to take place?

◻ On Thursday at midday.

Y On Thursday at 2 p.m.

B◻ C ◻ On Tuesday at 12:00.

A

1 You hear part of an interview with a hotel owner.

What has been expanded?

◻ The restaurant.

B ◻ The gym.

C ◻ The swimming pool.

A

2 You hear part of an interview with a singer.

What would the singer save?

◻ A painting.

B ◻ His first album.

C ◻ A guitar.

A

3 You hear a professor talking to his students.

Where will the class visit next week?

◻ A hospital.

B ◻ An old factory.

C ◻ A cathedral.

A

76 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

4 You hear a customer arranging a gym membership.

What does the customer NOT want to use?

◻ The weights.

B ◻ The swimming pool.

C ◻ The exercise bike.

A

5 You hear a brother and sister talking about buying a gift.

What will the boy buy for his mother?

◻ Theatre tickets.

B ◻ A hat.

C ◻ A scarf.

A

6 You hear an advert for a museum exhibition.

Which items are NOT mentioned in the advert?

◻ Pots.

B ◻ Maps.

C ◻ Coins.

A

77 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

LISTENING B1 Part 12

track 18

You will hear a conversation between two friends about a newspaper article. Answer questions 7 – 12 and questions 13 – 16.

Questions 7 – 12 Complete the sentences with the six correct endings from the options A – I. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 The cave is located

A around 16 years old.

B be moved.

7 None of the boys

C were hurt.

8 The boys are all aged

D resulted in several injuries.

9 The boys were gathering

E to contact anyone by phone.

F in Yorkshire. Y

10 The rocks could not

G were not in the cave.

11 The boys were unable

H samples for a science trip.

I

12 Fortunately, two of the boys 0 F

7

8

9

is unknown to this day.

10

11

12

Questions 13 – 16 Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS from the recording. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 Who had the boys’ phones?

The group leader.

13 Where did the boys learn Morse code?

14 What is Morse code?

15 Where did the group leader direct the boys?

16 Who came to save the boys?

78 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

LISTENING B2 Part 3

track 19

You will hear the host of a podcast talking to two students who attend a chef academy. Answer questions 17 – 21 and questions 22 – 25.

Questions 17 – 21 Complete the sentences with the five correct endings from the options A – H. There two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A which were not available in the UK.

0 The presenter left her chef academy

B at a street food market.

17 Julia has Italian relatives

C over three decades ago. Y

18 Julia’s mother used to buy Italian products

D in the Italian countryside.

19 Julia preferred her packed lunch

E to her classmates’.

F was very sophisticated.

20 Tim’s culinary upbringing

G on her mother’s side of the family.

H was not very similar to Julia’s.

21 Tim discovered his passion for food 0 C

17

18

19

20

21

Questions 22 – 25 Match the questions with the five correct answers from the options A – G. There are two options which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 Where did Tim buy his first recipe books?

22 At what point are Tim and Julia in their course?

B Working with experienced chefs.

C They are near the end.

23 What is Julia’s least favourite aspect of being at the chef academy?

25 What does Tim appreciate most about the chef academy?

22

D Learning how to use exotic ingredients.

E They have just started.

24 What does Tim sometimes find difficult?

0 G

A The long hours.

F To control his emotions.

G In a charity shop. Y

23

24

25

79 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

INVALSI Test Practice

LISTENING B2 Part 14

track 20

You will hear a talk about Benjamin Franklin. For questions 26 – 35, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the recording. There is an example at the beginning (0).

0 Franklin is famous for being one of the Founding Fathers of the USA. 26 Franklin was the only man who signed _________________________, The American Constitution and The Treaty of Paris.

27 Franklin reached the top of society despite receving just two years of __________________________.

28 He sought self-improvement by taking on __________________________ which benefitted society.

29 In Pennsylvania, Franklin was instrumental in creating a university and a __________________________ for low-income citizens.

30 His scientific achievements include demonstrating that electricity and __________________________ are the same thing.

31 His biggest literary influence was ________________, who fought for the freedom of journalists.

32 Franklin was also opposed to the institution of __________________________.

33 Franklin was the first American politician to put forward the unification of __________________________.

34 He is considered a representative of __________________________ through financial prudence and hard work.

35 Franklin passed away on __________________________.

80 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Part 5

track 21

You will hear people talking about someone they have met recently. For questions 36 – 40, choose which of the people (A – H) each speaker is referring to. Use the letters only once. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A a tenant

Example

0

Speaker 1

36

Speaker 2

37

Speaker 3

38

Speaker 4

39

Speaker 5

40

E

B a beauty queen

C a granddaughter

D an actress E a distant relative Y

F a marketing manager

G a health worker

H a doctor

81 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6

❷ 1

Simple Present/Past – Present/Past Continuous

Match the sentences with the functions they express.

When we arrived Ken was making tea.

When we arrived Ken made tea.

We are meeting George outside the school.

We often meet George outside the school.

What do you think about the proposal?

What are you thinking about the proposal?

a b c d e f

habitual action general opinion temporary action past action in progress Y planned action action completed in the past

We took a path that was leading down to the beach.

2

a b

I was watching TV when there was a blackout.

I watched TV when there was a blackout.

3

a b

Are you sure you aren’t coming to the lake with us?

Are you sure you don’t come to the lake with us?

a

I’m afraid we can’t drink this milk. It smells sour.

b

I’m afraid we can’t drink this milk. It’s smelling sour.

a

Who did you speak to when I saw you in town?

Who were you speaking to when I saw you in town?

5

b

❸

d

Choose the grammatically correct sentence. a b

4

1 2 3 4 5 6

We took a path that led to the beach.

Choose the correct verbal form to complete the sentences.

1 “Why does Mark look so sad?” “Mm, he ____________ through tough times at work.” a goes

b is going

c went

2 While Harry was having a drink at the bar, his wife ____________ on the beach. a was sunbathing

b sunbathes

c sunbathed

3 Susan ____________ some war poetry in English at school. She liked it. a was reading

b reads

c read

4 What a terrible noise! ____________ the grass in the park again? a Did they cut

b Are they cutting

c Do they cut

❹ Complete the sentences with the correct tense (Simple Present/Past, Present/Past Continuous) using the hints in brackets.

1 My father usually ________ (fly) to London, but tomorrow he ________ (travel) by train.

2 “Why ________ (the dog/start) barking?” “Because he ________ (see) a stranger near the gate.”

3 “We ________ (spend) next weekend in Paris.” “Great! Where ________ (you/stay)?”

4 Maria ________ (make) a lot of friends while she ________ (study) in Canada last year.

82 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Use of tenses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6

Present Perfect vs Simple Past

Match the sentences with the functions they express.

I’ve been to Rome many times.

Have you ever ridden a scooter?

The Smiths have just moved away.

We’ve been married since 2015.

Oh, no! I’ve lost my gold necklace.

Dad hasn’t read the paper yet.

❷

a b c d e f

focus on the event and not on the time reference to unfinished time repeated action in unspecified time Y general experience duration of state (with for or since) recent past

c

Complete the sentences with the words given in scrambled order. yet

1 Have you _________ read Romeo and Juliet?

since

2 I’m sure we’ve met somewhere _________.

been

3 Ted’s _________ spent all his pocket money.

before

4 We haven’t been to the theatre _________ ages.

gone

5 You’re terribly late. Where have you _________?

for

6 The plane hasn’t landed _________.

ever

7 Ken’s _________ to the supermarket. He’ll be back soon.

already

8 I’ve known Felicia _________ we were at primary school.

❸

1 2 3 4 5 6

Choose the correct alternative to complete the dialogue.

WENDY: Hi, Donald. So you ________ to Portugal.

DONALD: Yes, I ________ yesterday.

WENDY: ________ your trip?

DONALD: Yes. It ________ fantastic.

WENDY: What ________ of Lisbon?

a ’ve been a ’ve just come back a Did you enjoy a ’s been a did you think

b ’ve gone b came back b Have you enjoyed b was b do you think

DONALD: It was fascinating.

WENDY: What was the weather like?

DONALD: Not bad. Actually, it ________ only once.

WENDY: ________ any photos?

a has rained a Did you take

DONALD: A lot. ________ to see them?

a Did you want

b rained b Have you taken b Do you want

❹ Complete the email with the correct tense (Present Continuous, Simple Past, Present Perfect) of the verbs given in scrambled order. visit be walk go have

Hi, Greg!

How’s life? I (1) __________ in Ireland for a week now and I can assure you I (2) __________ the time of my life. The Emerald Isle is fantastic.

Yesterday we (3) __________ along the Cliffs of Moher. Spectacular!

We (not) (4) __________ Dublin yet, but we (5) __________ there on Saturday.

It’s our next stop.

Cheers, Pauline 83 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶

Past Perfect

Match the sentences. There are two extra sentences you do not need.

1 She sadly told us that

a if I had checked the tyre pressure.

2 The art teacher asked me

b because Jim hadn’t come back yet.

1 2

3 Before leaving my wife asked me c she hadn’t picked flowers in the park.

3

4 When I arrived home

d the children hadn’t finished their homework yet.

4

5 We were all worried

e someone had stolen her bicycle.

5

f

because we’d never seen Mia in a skirt before.

g if I had ever been to the National Gallery.

❷

Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect (affirmative or negative) of the verbs given in scrambled order. Two verbs are not needed. close

pass

buy

understand

fly

begin

be

1 He asked me to repeat the question because he __________ it.

2 The local theatre was no longer open. It _____________ down.

3 We hoped to see George, but he __________ to Madrid the day before.

4 Liza had a wonderful suntan. She ___________ to the Caribbean.

5 He was disappointed because he ___________ his driving test.

❸

Choose the correct verbal form to complete the sentences.

1 When I got home I remembered I ___________ the milk. a didn’t buy

b hadn’t bought

c haven’t bought

2 Jennifer was so excited. She ___________ to a party before. a had never been

b hadn’t gone

c didn’t go

3 The girl apologized to the landlady because she ___________ a mug. a was breaking

b had broken

c broke

4 Pam ___________ me four times in the last few days. What a bore! a had phoned

b phoned

c has phoned

5 Meg and Dan ___________ to each other since they quarrelled two years ago. a haven’t spoken

b hadn’t spoken

c didn’t speak

6 Phil ___________ of going to Italy all his life. He was ecstatic when he landed in Rome. a dreamt

❹

b was dreaming

c had dreamt

Choose the correct alternative.

1 He tells / says so many lies that nobody believes / believed him anymore.

2 Mandy said / told us a great joke last night, but I’ve / I’d forgotten it now.

3 Ted told / said he was tired of playing chess and has gone / went to bed.

4 Nora said / told that she has had / had had a row with her father the previous night.

5 The twins had been / were almost identical, so it was difficult to tell / to say them apart.

84 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Use of tenses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6

The Future: To be going to – Simple Future

Match the sentences with the functions they express.

The concert is going to start shortly.

Jamie is meeting the boss after lunch.

I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed.

I’ll send you an email after lunch, don’t worry.

Patty will probably get to the party late.

We are going to look for a bigger flat.

❷ 1 2 3 4 5 6

a b c d e f

immediate decision prediction intention imminent event Y planned action promise

1 2 3 4 5 6

d

Complete the sentences with will or won’t. “_________ we need a torch on the excursion?” “Yes, better to have one.”

I’m sure she ________ text you today. She’s terrible at keeping in touch.

I’m afraid the ferry ________ sail for the island if the weather conditions are too bad.

“Bijou wants to go out again.” “I _________ take her to the park in five minutes.”

The students probably ________ like this exercise, but it’s very useful.

Don’t wait for Paul. He’s just told me he _________ finish work until 7 tonight.

❸

Choose the correct alternative.

1 Look at the sky. It’s so cloudy. a I hope the sun will shine. b I hope it won’t rain.

2 Are you going to travel to Oxford by coach? a No, we’re going by train. b Yes, we’re going to fly there.

3 Will our team win the match? a They won’t if they train hard. b Yes, but only if they train hard.

4 When are they going to leave Barcelona? a Probably next month. b They leave in 2 months.

5 Take a sweater with you. a It’s going to be cold. b You’re going to get a cold.

❹

Complete the emails with ONE word for each space.

Hi Liam, I (1) _________ planning to spend the weekend in the country with Ross.

(2) _________ you want to come with us?

We’re (3) _________ to stay at a campsite.

If you haven’t got (4) _________ tent, you can (5) _________ in mine.

Cheers, Mark

Hi Mark, Thank you for your invitation, but I (6) _________ already made plans to spend the weekend in Brighton with my dad. We (7) _________ going to visit an old relative who (8) _________ there.

We haven’t seen him (9) _________ a long time.

I hope you (10) _________ enjoy yourself.

Bye, Liam

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

85

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5

If-clauses type 1 – Time clauses

Match the sentences.

If you don’t listen carefully Unless Sandra stops eating sweets If your sister doesn’t hurry up We’ll end the meeting Write down the number

❷

a b c d e

she’ll be late for the show. she won’t lose weight. unless there is something else to discuss. you won’t understand the instructions. in case you forget it. You never know.

1 2 3 4 5

Choose the correct alternative.

1 I’ll take my hairdryer in case / if there isn’t one at the hostel. | 2 She’ll never forgive you if / unless you apologize in front of her friends. | 3 We’ll make an early start in case / unless there is heavy traffic on the road. | 4 We’ll lend you our sat nav if / in case you get lost. | 5 If / Unless you don’t get a move on, we’ll miss the connection.

❸

Complete the sentences with the correct tense (Simple Present or Simple Future) of the verbs given in scrambled order. lose explain

1 Make sure to close all the windows in case it __________.

2 If the dog spots the cat I’m sure they _____________.

rain

3 If you _________ your travel documents you’ll be in real trouble.

fight

4 I _________ Jane some extra money in case she has some other things to buy.

give

5 We won’t be able to help you unless you ________ everything.

❹

Choose the correct type of subordinate clause.

If-clause Time clause Y

When Mary gets home I’ll give you a ring.

Your cough won’t improve if you don’t stop smoking.

1 2 3 4 5

❺

We’ll send him a message in case he doesn’t remember the address.

Mum won’t buy you a new phone unless your school results get better.

As soon as uni is over we’ll leave for Berlin with our friends.

I’ll stay up until you come back from the theatre. Don’t be late.

If the meeting breaks up before six I’ll join you at the pub.

Choose the correct verbal form to complete the sentences.

1 I’m sure they won’t get married until they _______ their dream house. b don’t find c will find a find 2 Unless you take an aspirin your headache _________ worse. b will get c gets a won’t get 3 When Kurt __________ Paula this evening he’ll tell her the news. b sees c doesn’t see a will see 4 I’ll buy some cheese in case there_______ any left in the fridge. b is c will be a isn’t 5 The workers __________ unless they get a pay rise. b strike c will strike a won’t strike 86 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Y

Use of tenses

❶

Present Conditional – If-clauses type 2

Complete the sentences with would or wouldn’t.

1 I _______ share a flat with Pamela. She’s too untidy. | 2 You _______ believe me if I told you what happened to me on my way here. | 3 I _______ buy these trousers if they weren’t so expensive. | 4 Mark _______ be so tired in the morning if he went to bed earlier. | 5 _______ you help me if you knew I was in trouble?

❷ 1 2 3 4 5

❸

Match the sentences.

She would give you a hand If the cat were hungry Ann wouldn’t make so many mistakes Wouldn’t it be fun If I had your talent for the piano

a b c d e

if we all went away together for the weekend?

I would study music. if you asked her. if she thought a bit more before answering. he would eat what’s in his bowl.

1 2 3 4 5

Complete the if-clause type 2 so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 I always get seasick when I travel by boat.

I would travel by boat if I ___________ seasick.

2 We don’t do enough to recycle paper. That’s why our forests are at risk.

If we did enough to recycle paper, our forests __________ at risk.

3 It’s a pity that the museum is closed. We can’t go with the kids.

What a pity! If the museum ____________ closed we could go with the kids.

4 I wouldn’t recommend watching that film. It’s too violent.

If I were you I ____________ that film. It’s too violent.

5 I’m afraid Cathy doesn’t have time to help you with your homework.

Cathy would help you with your homework if she ____________ time.

❹

Choose the correct alternative to complete the job interview.

JUDY: Good afternoon, Mr Butcher. My name’s Judy Mirren. a have come I (1) _________ for the interview

b will come

PAUL: Hello, Judy. Please take a seat.

Where (2) _________?

JUDY: I (3) _________ in Brighton at the moment.

PAUL: Why (4) _________ to get this job?

JUDY: Because if I got this job I (5) _________

a do you live a ’m living

b did you live b lived

a would you like a will work

b do you like b would work

a Will you have a was working

b Do you have b worked

in my field of interest.

PAUL: So you have an interest in fashion.

(6) _________ any previous work experience?

JUDY: Oh yes, I (7) _________ as a shop assistant in a famous boutique last summer.

PAUL: Thanks Judy. We (8) _________ you in a couple a ’ll contact

b ’d contact

of days when we’ve finished all the interviews.

87 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶

The Passive Voice (Simple Present – Simple Past)

Complete the chart.

Active form Passive form

subject Picasso subject (2) _____________

active verb (1) _____________ passive tense was painted

object Guernica in 1937. by + agent by (3) __________ in 1937.

❷

Complete the sentences with the correct passive tense (Simple Present or Simple Past) of the verbs given in scrambled order. take

1 Elizabeth II’s Coronation _____________ by 27 million people in 1953.

include

2 They say some serious health problems _____________ by pollution.

watch

3 I’m not sure the visit to the castle _____________ in the price of the package.

discover cause

4 These photos of Sydney Opera House _____________ three years ago.

5 Planet 9, a new planet in our solar system, _____________ in 2016.

❸

Complete the second sentence with the correct passive tense (Simple Present or Simple Past) and by + agent where necessary.

1 Our factory employs 500 workers.

500 workers ___________________________.

2 They built this church in 1853.

This church ___________________________.

❹ 1 2 3 4 5 6

3 A short circuit started the fire.

The fire _____________________________.

4 Sorry, we don’t accept cash.

Sorry, cash ________________________.

Choose the correct alternative.

Potatoes introduced / were introduced to Ireland in 1589 by Sir Walter Raleigh.

Full English breakfast serves / is served in many hotels across the UK. Notting Hill Carnival attracts / is attracted thousands of tourists every year.

Beethoven composed / was composed his Symphony No 9 between 1822 and 1824.

Stunt people perform / are performed dangerous scenes in films.

Social programmes organise / are organised by our Students’ Officer in our school.

❺

Complete the text about tea with the Simple Present (active or passive).

Tea (1) ______________ (make) from the leaves of a small tree grown in Asia.

The leaves (2) ______________ (pick) and they (3) ______________ (take) to a factory where they (4) ______________ (specially/treat). During the treatment they (5) ______________ (break) into small pieces until they (6) ______________ (turn) black. Then they (7) ______________ (pack) in wooden tea-chests lined with metal foil, and they (8) ______________ (send) off to other countries. Tea is a popular drink in much of the world. China (9) ______________ (grow) the most tea, but Chinese people (10) ______________ (use) nearly all of it themselves.

India and Sri Lanka also (11) ______________ (produce) large crops of tea. The best quality tea (12) ______________ (come) from the mountain regions of India.

88 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Modals

❶

Can – Could – May

Match the sentences with the functions they express.

1 Can I put this poster in my bedroom? a past ability 2 Could you give me some more details, please? b formal request 3 They may close down the local library next month. c asking permission formally 4 Terry could ski very well when he was young.

5 May I interrupt you for a moment?

❷

1 2 3

d

d asking permission informally Y 4 5 e possibility

Choose the correct ending to complete the sentences.

1 When he was four a he could read and write. b he can read and write.

2 The negotiations are still going on, but the two parties a may not reach an agreement. b couldn’t reach an agreement.

3 Ronald was in a meeting, so a I couldn’t speak to him. b I can’t speak to him.

4 Perhaps there will be a strike tomorrow. a The trains can’t leave on time. b The trains may not leave on time.

5 If you’re free this afternoon a we can’t play tennis. b we could play tennis.

❸

Complete the sentences with can - can’t - could - couldn’t - may - may not. Use each modal only once.

1 Sorry, but that was the only hotel we __________ find in the area.

2 Jeff __________ speak a word of Japanese, but he loves reading manga.

3 Greta __________ know about the situation. Why don’t you tell her?

4 The kids were making such a noise that I __________ hear the news.

5 Good morning, Mrs Dalloway. What __________ I do for you today?

6 It __________ be windy by the sea. I’ll take a jacket, just in case.

❹

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 She may not go on holiday this summer. a She is not allowed to go on holiday this summer. b Perhaps she won’t go on holiday this summer.

2 OK. You can go to the disco. a It is possible for you to go to the disco. b You’ve got permission to go to the disco.

3 That can’t be true. a That is impossible to believe. b Possibly that is true.

4 We may receive a message from Holly today. a It is possible that Holly will send us a message today. b Holly is able to send us a message today.

89 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Modals

❶ 1 2 3 4 5

❷

Must vs To have to

Match the sentences with the correct functions they express.

Gary wasn’t at school. He must be ill.

You mustn’t touch the oven. It’s hot.

We don’t have to wear a uniform at school.

Remember you must be back by midnight.

The fridge is empty. I have to go shopping.

absence of necessity necessity prohibition deduction obligation

1 2 3 4 5

Choose the correct ending to complete the sentences.

1 Remember, the flight is at 9.00 a.m. a We mustn’t miss it.

2 During an exam a you don’t have to chat.

3 The heating is automatic. a We don’t have to turn it on.

4 They’ve got free tickets for the concert. a Lucky them! They mustn’t pay.

5 Rory lives on the first floor. a He doesn’t have to take the lift.

❸

a b c d e

b We don’t have to miss it. b you mustn’t chat. b We mustn’t turn it on. b Lucky them! They don’t have to pay. b He mustn’t take the lift.

Complete the sentences with mustn’t or doesn’t have to/don’t have to.

1 You ___________ touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.

2 Don’t forget it’s a secret, so you ___________ tell anybody.

3 I’m on holiday. I ___________ wake up early. It’s great!

4 You ___________ forget to turn off your mobile at the theatre.

5 People ___________ leave their bags with someone they don’t know.

6 Students ___________ park their bikes in the school entrance.

7 They ___________ stand on the bus. There are seats for everyone.

8 Mark has won the lottery. He ___________ work anymore.

❹

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 Don’t forget to queue at a bus stop in England.

You _______________________________ forget to queue at a bus stop in England.

2 Clare’s very sad these days. I think she’s got problems.

Clare’s very sad these days. She _______________________________ have problems.

3 It isn’t necessary for students to take an entry test.

Students _______________________________ take an entry test.

4 It’s very dangerous to stand under a tree during a storm.

People _______________________________ stand under a tree during a storm.

5 There’s a new musical on at the Star. Let’s not miss it.

There’s a new musical on at the Star. We _______________________________ miss it.

6 No one is obliged to follow the drama course. It’s an optional activity.

No one _______________________________ follow the drama course. It’s an optional activity.

90 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Modals

❶

Shall – Should

Match the sentences with the functions they express.

1 You should stay at home if you’re not well.

a disapproval

1

2 You shouldn’t be so rude to your sister.

b advice

2

3 Shall we go out for dinner?

c request for advice

3

4 Shall I pick you up at the airport?

d proposal

4

5 Should I invite Freddy to my party?

e offer

5

❷

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 Shall we visit the aquarium? a How about visiting the aquarium?

b Do you think we can visit the aquarium?

2 You should try that new Japanese restaurant in town. a Why don’t we try that new restaurant?

b I’d recommend that new restaurant.

3 Your hair’s too long. You should have a haircut. a If I were you I’d have a haircut.

b I don’t like the colour of your hair.

4 What shall we buy for Tina’s birthday? a What do we need to buy?

b Any idea what we can buy?

5 Shall I walk the dog? a Is it necessary for me to walk the dog?

b Do you want me to walk the dog?

❸

Complete the sentences with shall or should/shouldn’t followed by one of the verbs given in scrambled order. eat

stop

take

carry

have

play

1 This case is heavy. (I) _____________________ it for you?

2 Children _____________________ with matches.

3 I’m hungry. (we) _____________________ to have lunch?

4 You _____________________ so much. It’s bad for your health.

5 It’s cloudy. I think we _____________________ an umbrella.

6 You’re tired. You _____________________ a break.

❹

Choose the correct alternative.

1 Cyclists should / would respect the Highway Code when they ride.

2 I really don’t know what to do. Could / Should you give me a hand, please?

3 Jennifer should / shouldn’t wear glasses. She can’t see very well.

4 The traffic is blocked on the motorway. Shall / Must we postpone our departure?

5 I shouldn’t / wouldn’t worry so much if I were you. Everything will be OK. 6 What equipment would / should you advise me to use on the excursion?

91 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Countable/Uncountable nouns – Some-Any-No

❶

Identify the countable (C) and the uncountable (U) nouns.

C U C U Y 1 lemon 8 weather Y 2 butter 9 jug 3 peach 10 music 4 gold 11 toothpaste 5 oil 12 holiday 6 cigarette 13 happiness 7 homework 14 flower

❷

Write the name of each item in the pictures. Use some before, the name if it is countable, or a/an if it is uncountable.

❸

some flour 5 6

1 _________

2 _________

3 _________ 7 8

4 _________

7 _________

5 _________

8 _________

6 _________

9 _________

9 10 11 12

10 _________

❹ 1 2 3 4 5 6

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

heart luggage picture jam mayonnaise toothbrush fork

Complete the sentences with some, any, no, a/an.

1 Sorry, but there’s _________ bacon for break2 3 4

a carrot

C U

fast in the fridge.

There isn’t _________ more milk in the bottle.

Come in. Can I offer you _________ fruit juice?

We haven’t got _________ strawberries in the garden this year.

There isn’t _________ cereal in the cupboard.

Can you give me _________ information, please?

I always have _________ biscuit with my morning tea.

Can I have _________ orange, please? They look delicious.

We can’t make this dish because there aren’t _________ onions.

Would you like _________ wine with your meal?

When I’m thirsty I often drink _________ glass of coke.

Would you like _________ piece of cake?

I made it myself.

Match the questions with the correct answers. There are two extra answers you do not need.

How much are the tickets for the concert?

Would you like a coffee?

How about having a drink at Jade’s?

How many beans do you need for the recipe?

How many suitcases have you got?

Can you buy some beef for dinner?

a b c d e f g h

Not much. Just a spoonful.

OK. I’ll get some on my way home.

Yes, please.

They are quite expensive.

Just one.

Not many. Just half a tin.

That’s a good idea.

Yes, let’s eat there.

92 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

1 2 3 4 5 6

Use of the definite and indefinite article

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Complete the sentences with the definite article the where necessary. ______ bike I’ve got now is Japanese. I love ______ Japanese motorbikes.

I think ______ children are fun, but ______ children who live next door are too noisy. ______ cars are a serious problem in ______ narrow streets of ______ town centre. ______ love makes ______ world go round, or so ______ people say. ______ office of ______ League in Favour of ______ Environment is in ______ room 38.

I like listening to ______ radio when I wash ______ car or clean ______ garage. ______ aunt Mary is helping ______ mother to prepare ______ lunch. “______ mobiles on sale are a real bargain.” “Yes, ________ mobiles are quite cheap nowadays.”

❷ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Complete the sentences with the, a/an, or a possessive adjective where necessary.

One of ______ difficult things in English is ______ order of words. ______ police are telling ______ robbers to raise ______ hands. ______ Italian pasta and ______ olive oil are famous ______ worldwide. ______ family we rented ______ bungalow to has got ______ camper.

Why are you standing there with ______ arms behind ______ back?

Miss Morse isn’t in ______ office. She’s in ______ bed with ______ bad cold.

Hey, Mark! Don’t hit ______ nail with ______ shoe. Here’s ______ hammer.

It was ______ incredibly tiring journey. Too long for ______ short holiday.

❸

Complete the leaflet with the, or a/an. Put an X when the article is not necessary.

THE VAN GOGH MUSEUM Every year (1) ______ Van Gogh Museum attracts thousands of art lovers from all over (2) ______ world. They all think that it is (3) ______ wonderful experience to see its permanent collection of (4) ______ great artist’s paintings and drawings.

GUIDED TOURS (5) ______ expert guide shows Vincent’s earliest Dutch works. Discover how his approach changed in Paris when he met (6) ______ modern artists of his time and see how he developed his famous individual style in (7) ______ south of France.

AUDIOTOURS Step into Van Gogh’s world with our multimedia guide. Make your museum visit (8) ______ real experience and meet Van Gogh, (9) ______ artist and (10) ______ man.

(11) ______ audio tour is available in eleven languages: English, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Russian, Chinese (Mandarin), Japanese and Korean.

Please remember: (12) ______ reservations are required at least two weeks in advance and (13) ______ cancellations can be made without charge up to two weeks before (14) ______ date of your visit. Should you cancel at (15) ______ later date, you will be required to pay (16) ______ full cost.

93 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Quantifiers and Determiners

❶

Choose the correct alternative.

1 How much / many chili sauce do you want on your pasta?

2 There aren’t many / very much vegetables left in the fridge.

3 New York cheesecake has got lot / lots of calories.

4 How much / many tubes of toothpaste shall we buy?

5 This guidebook is great. There’s a lot of / many useful information.

❷

Complete the sentences with too, too much, too many.

1 You eat ___________________________ sweets. It’s not healthy.

2 Eve spends ___________________________ money on clothes.

3 That dress is ___________________________ expensive.

4 I didn’t buy the peaches. They cost ___________________________.

5 People use ___________________________ plastic nowadays.

6 Those jeans are ___________________________ tight for me.

❸

Choose the correct alternative.

1 There’s not enough / too much salt on these chips.

2 I can’t afford a new smartphone. I don’t have enough / too much money.

3 Granny always puts too much / enough garlic in the sauce.

4 Tom’s jacket is too much / too short. He shouldn’t wear it.

5 This recipe is too / enough complicated. There are too / too many ingredients.

6 There are enough / too many people here. Let’s go home.

❹

Complete the email with enough, how much, too many, many, a lot, very.

Dear Rebecca, I’ve just come back from Copenhagen. I liked it (1) ___________.

It was a (2) __________ good weekend, the weather was splendid, but unfortunately there were (3) __________ tourists around.

I visited the main attractions in the city centre but I didn’t have (4) __________ time to go and see Kronborg Castle, which is known for Shakespeare’s Hamlet. You know (5) __________ I love that play and I really wanted to send you a picture from there.

Anyway, I must go now, but I have so (6) __________ things to tell you.

I’ll give you a call later this week.

Love, Tamara

94 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

❺

Choose the correct alternative.

1 My grandad is bored now he’s retired. He’s got a little / little to do.

2 Few / A few people visit the local museum. It isn’t very interesting.

3 We’ve got a little / little money left, so we can buy some popcorn.

4 I could understand very little / a little of what the loudspeaker announced.

5 Ben’s going to live in Berlin soon. He’s got few / a few friends there.

6 There are few / a few things I like more than staying in bed late on Sundays.

❻

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 I don’t like this chocolate. It’s too sweet.

I don’t like this chocolate. It’s got __________ sugar in it.

2 We’ve only got 100g of flour. We can’t make a cake.

We haven’t got __________ to make a cake. We’ve only got 100g.

3 Sorry, but you are not old enough to be admitted to the club.

Sorry, but you __________ young to be admitted to the club.

4 What’s the price of those gloves in the window?

How __________ those gloves in the window?

5 The queue was so long that we decided not to wait.

There were __________ people in the queue that we decided not to wait.

❼

Complete the sentences with else, all, whole, others.

1 It will be great to spend the _________ evening together.

2 Caroline was very popular. Almost ________ the students voted for her.

3 Some metals like silver are ductile, while some ________ like steel are hard.

4 This place is too noisy. Why don’t we go somewhere ________?

❽

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 He showed me _________ the rare stamps in his collection. a all

b every

c each

2 We waited for him _________ morning but he didn’t turn up. a each

b another

c all

3 The service is very efficient. There’s a bus _________ five minutes. a every

b each

c all

4 We can’t spend too much. _________ of us has only got £5. a Every

b All

c Each 95

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION ❾

Complete the mini-dialogues with the compounds of some, any, no, or every.

1 A: Is there ____________ at home, do you think?

B: Yes, there is ____________. The lights are on.

2 A: ____________ you say will make any difference.

B: OK. If that’s the case, I don’t want ____________ to do with you again.

3 A: I’ve looked ____________ for that CD, but I couldn’t find it ____________.

B: It must be ____________ in the house.

4 A: I think there’s ____________ in my eye. It hurts.

B: Let me have a look. There’s ____________. Relax.

❿

Complete the dialogue with somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, something, anything, nothing, everything, somewhere, anywhere. Use each word only once.

INSPECTOR: Well, Miss Lane, can you tell me again what happened last night?

MISS LANE: Yes, of course, Inspector. It was half past eleven and (1) __________ was asleep. I got up because I was thirsty and I wanted (2) _________ to drink.

INSPECTOR: So you went downstairs to the kitchen, right?

MISS LANE: Yes, and when I opened the door there was (3) ________ in the garden.

INSPECTOR: Was it (4) ____________ from the hotel?

MISS LANE: No, it wasn’t. This sounds stupid, but I think it was an extraterrestrial.

INSPECTOR: It was Halloween last night. Perhaps you saw a person wearing a costume.

MISS LANE: No, this creature didn’t come from (5) _________ on Earth. I’m sure it was from another planet (6) _________ in space.

INSPECTOR: Did it say (7) ___________ to you?

MISS LANE: No, (8) _________ at all. It turned round and walked through the wall.

INSPECTOR: That’s ridiculous. (9) __________ can walk through a wall.

MISS LANE: That’s why I told you it wasn’t human. I don’t know how it came into the house.

I checked the doors and windows and (10) ________ was locked.

⓫

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 Times Square was completely empty.

There wasn’t ___________ in Times Square.

2 I want to know if you noticed something wrong.

“Did you ___________ wrong?”

3 We’ve got nothing in the fridge.

We ___________ anything in the fridge.

4 All the visitors were waiting to see the rapper.

Everybody ___________ the rapper.

5 There wasn’t a single person who enjoyed the play.

Nobody ___________ play.

96 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Comparatives and Superlatives

❶

Choose the grammatically correct sentence.

1

a We need as many information as possible. b We need as much information as possible.

2

a Yoghurt isn’t as good as ice cream. b Yoghurt isn’t as good than ice cream.

3

a I like bracelets much fewer than necklaces. b I like bracelets much more than necklaces.

4

a There were far fewer people than yesterday. b There were much less people than yesterday.

5

a I have to be home as early than usual. b I have to be home earlier than usual.

6

a Do you need any further details? b Do you need any farther details?

❷

Complete the email with the comparatives (+) of the adjectives given in scrambled order.

Add than when necessary. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Y sunny

good

elegant

wet

friendly

historical

crowded

Hi Robert, I’m having so much fun in Dublin. It’s nothing like home.

The city is (0) more historical, and the buildings are (1) ___________. It is also (2) __________ because there are tourists everywhere.

The food is (3) ___________ I thought and the people are (4) ___________ too.

What I don’t like about it is the weather. It is unpredictable and it’s (5) ___________ I expected.

I am sure that in Sicily it’s (6) __________ here.

Please write soon and tell me how you’re doing.

Love, Jen

❸

Complete the sentences with the comparatives given in scrambled order.

less interesting than

smaller than

as expensive as

as lazy as

harder than

1 Tina’s house isn’t very big. It’s ______________________ a box of matches.

2 The new mattress isn’t very comfortable. It’s ______________________ the old one.

3 I’m sorry, but we can’t afford anything ______________________ a cruise.

4 I don’t agree with the critics. The documentary is definitely ______________________ they say.

5 Gareth does his homework regularly. He isn’t ______________________ you.

97 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION ❹

Read the information about Australia and Canada and choose the correct alternative.

Population

Australia 24,130,000

Canada 36,290,000

Area

7,692 million km2

9,985 million km2

Highest mountain

Mount Kosciuszko 2,228 m Mount Logan 5,959 m

Coastline

23,859 km

71,261 km

Average temperature, January

23°C

–3°C

Average temperature, July

13°C

22°C

Average annual rainfall in the capital city 629 mm

869.5 mm

1 There are fewer / more inhabitants in Australia than in Canada.

2 Canada is smaller / bigger than Australia by over 2,000 km2.

3 The highest mountain in Canada is much / more higher than the highest mountain in Australia.

4 Australia hasn’t got as many / as much kms of coastline as Canada.

5 In January in Australia it’s warmer / colder than in Canada, but in July it isn’t / is colder.

6 The average annual rainfall in Canberra (Australia) is 629 mm, so it rains less / more than in Ottawa (Canada).

❺

Choose the grammatically correct sentence.

1

a He’s a great poet. Have you read his latest collection? b He’s a great poet. Have you read his last collection?

2

a Did you know that Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun? b Did you know that Mercury is the closer planet to the Sun?

3

a It was one of the worst experience of my life. b It was one of the worst experiences of my life

4

a In all birds the ostrich has the largest eyes. b Of all birds the ostrich has the largest eyes.

5

a We replaced the machines that worked the least efficiently. b We replaced the machines that worked the less efficiently.

❻

Complete the sentences with the superlative (+ or –) of the adjectives in brackets. Add in, on, or of where necessary.

1 The performance was terrible. It was one of __________ (bad) we’ve ever seen.

2 They say that Mr Addison is __________ (rich) man __________ town. Is that true?

3 Try one of these biscuits. They are __________ (delicious) __________ all.

4 This souvenir is not that good, but it was __________ (expensive) we could find.

5 The Capitol is one of __________ (familiar) sights __________ Washington DC. 6 Can you tell me which is __________ (dry) place __________ earth?

7 The excursion wasn’t tiring. It was one of __________ (tiring) things __________ the itinerary.

98 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

❼

Complete the text with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Munich is the third (1) ___________ (large) city in Germany. It isn’t (2) __________ (cosmopolitan) as Berlin and it is (3) ___________ (small) than the capital, so it is (4) _____________ (easy) to visit its cultural treasures: churches, museums and palaces. (5) _____________ (attractive) part of the city is its centre. Two of (6) __________ (famous) streets in Munich are Maximilianstraße and Theatinerstraße with their internationally renowned luxury shops.

One of (7) _____________ (good) views of Munich is from the tower of St Peter’s Church.

On a clear day you can see over 100 kilometres, all the way to the Alps!

❽

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 Mark’s __________ now because his diet is __________. a fitter – healthier b less fit – healthier

c fitter – less healthy

2 Jen’s car is __________ mine, but it’s got __________ gadgets. a as old as – more good b as old as – better

c older – better

3 These old jeans are __________ the new ones, but __________. a as cheap – less comfortable b more cheap – most comfortable c cheaper than – more comfortable 4 Jude is __________ pupil in my class. She’s got __________ marks. a the more clever – the highest b the cleverest – the highest c the most clever – the more high.

5 The Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I, although not __________ The Kiss, is one of __________ paintings by Klimt. a as famous as – the finest b more famous – the finer c less famous than – the least fine

❾ 1 2 3 4 5 6

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

I’ve never driven a faster car than this.

Our living room is larger than yours.

I’ve never eaten a softer steak.

We’d never met a less sociable woman.

These plums are sweeter than those peaches.

I’ve never had a more loving dog than Bijou.

This is _________ I’ve ever driven.

Your living room is _________ ours.

This is _________ I’ve ever eaten.

She was _________ we’d ever met.

Those peaches aren’t _________ these plums.

Bijou is _________ dog I’ve ever had.

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B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Relative clauses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5

Choose the correct alternative.

This is the email who / which came from William this morning.

The painting that / who is above my desk is by Magritte.

I have a friend who / whose father works in a circus. He is a clown.

The guide who / which showed us around the museum was very good.

Charlie Brown is a cartoon character whose / which dog is called Snoopy.

❷ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Defining relative clauses

Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun or an X when it is not necessary.

I can’t understand people _____________ abandon animals when they go on holiday.

Have you received the goods _____________ you ordered online a week ago?

The bees _____________ nest caused such a problem have been taken to a hive.

Isn’t she the girl _____________ mother went into hospital last week?

This is the program _____________ I downloaded last night. It’s great!

They’re the folk singers _____________ we saw in Verona last month.

What’s the name of the girl _____________ you sent a Valentine Card to?

Why don’t some people observe laws _____________ are intended to protect them?

❸ 1 2 3 4 5

Complete the sentences with when, where, or why.

Is there any reason ________________ you refused to help her?

If we go to York I’ll show you the house ________________ I was born.

Do you remember the summer ________________ we got lost in London?

Christmas is the time of the year ________________ everybody feels good.

The police have just found the house ________________ the robbers were hiding.

❹

Complete the text with who, which, or whose.

THE COMPLETE HARRY POTTER COLLECTION This box set contains all the adventures of Harry Potter, (1) ___________ incredible journey has fascinated millions of people in the world. My personal favourite is Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, (2) ___________ tells the story of this special boy (3) ___________ finds out he is a wizard and (4) ___________ magic powers will help him unveil his parents’ mysterious deaths.

❺

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 That is the passer-by. His photos helped the police to identify the robbers.

That is the passer-by ___________________________ helped the police to identify the robbers.

2 The secretary typed this email. She made a lot of mistakes.

The secretary ___________________________ this email made a lot of mistakes.

3 The catamaran was called Jonathan Swift. It took us to Ireland.

The catamaran ___________________________ to Ireland was called Jonathan Swift.

4 These are our Spanish friends. We went to Paris with them.

These are our Spanish friends ___________________________ to Paris with.

100 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Prepositions

❶

Prepositions of location, movement and time

Choose the correct alternative.

1 The children are at / in school today.

2 The mirror is between / over the washbasin.

3 There is a big carpet on / under the table in our living room.

4 The children’s twin beds are against / under the wall.

5 There is an electric cooker near / next to the sink.

6 There are some paintings between / among the two windows.

7 My favourite armchair is opposite / behind the TV set.

8 There are lots of students in / at the exhibition.

❷

Choose the correct alternative.

1 Would you like to go around / into the shops this afternoon?

2 To find the funfair, walk along / around this road, past / down the pub and it’s at / on the left.

3 Do not throw cigarette butts out of / from a car when going through / across a wood.

4 Climb on / up to the top of the bell tower for a fantastic view of the city.

5 Look at that dog! He’s running around / along the tree. How funny.

6 There’s a wonderful Cadillac going through / over the bridge.

❸

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. Put an X when it is not necessary.

1 The best way to reach __________ the swimming pool is to get __________ a 96 bus and get __________ opposite the supermarket.

2 Mr Trent is a big man. It’s difficult for him to get __________ his mini, but it’s even more difficult to get __________.

3 When the judge enters __________ the court people always stand up.

4 Oh, no! A man is going __________ that bank with a gun. Let’s call the police.

5 Henry’s leaving __________ France on the 5th and he’s coming __________ on the 24th.

6 You can cross the Channel __________ ferry or __________ your car __________ a Eurotunnel train.

❹

Complete the sentences with a correct preposition.

1 Jack’s departure is ____________ an hour. It’s midday and his flight’s ____________ 1 p.m.

2 It’s necessary to study hard ____________ an exam. Do you agree?

3 Paul’s birthday’s ____________ the end of March, ____________ the 27th, I think.

4 There’s a documentary ____________ 8 and ____________ that there’s my favourite game show.

5 ____________ the summer holidays I work part-time ____________ the morning.

6 We’re at school ____________ three o’clock ____________ weekdays, but not ____________ Saturdays.

101 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION ❺

Complete the leaflet with the prepositions given in scrambled order. to

on

under

around

over

from

to

along

across

towards

on

Prague in one day If you only have one day to explore Prague, then concentrate on the area (1) _______________ the Castle, ending your walk in the heart of Old Town. Once you get (2) _______________ the Prague Castle complex, visit St George’s Basilica and stop at the small picturesque houses (3) _______________ Golden Lane. You may also wish to jump (4) _______________ the Venice Boat Cruise to feel the romantic atmosphere of the city. The boat departure pier is just (5) _______________ Charles Bridge and river boat services operate (6) _______________ 10.30 (7) _______________ 17.00. Also, make sure to go (8) _______________ the bridge and walk (9) _______________ the riverside where you can have a coffee while enjoying the view (10) _______________ the river. From there, walk (11) _______________ Old Town Square to see the Astronomical Clock and watch ‘The walk of the Apostles’ performing on the hour.

❻

Complete the email with the correct prepositions. Write an X where a preposition is not needed.

Hi Maggie, Last night Ted and I went (1) _________ the Vaudeville Theatre to see The Importance of Being Earnest (2) _________ Oscar Wilde. The theatre is located on the Strand, (3) _________ the City of Westminster. We left (4) _________ home (5) ________ 7.00, which was a bit too late, so we got (6) ________ a cab and drove (7) ________ the mad traffic of London. I really thought it impossible to get (8) _________ there (9) _______ the play started. But when we reached (10) _______ Waterloo Bridge and saw the Lyceum Theatre, I knew we were close. As we entered (11) ________ the venue we were relieved to have made it on time and we enjoyed the most formidable work of our favourite playwright. (12) ________ the show, we jumped (13) ________ a train and returned (14) ________ home happy and in high spirits for such a great night.

Lots of love, Laura

102 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Verbs and adjectives followed by prepositions

❶ 1 2 3 4 5

Match the sentences.

She was listening to him Don’t sign any document Sorry, my daughter forgot to thank you Can you come with me? I’m not used We all congratulated her

❷

a b c d e

to going out on my own at night. without uttering a word. for bringing her a souvenir from Alaska. on passing her driving test. without reading it carefully.

1 2 3 4 5

Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

1 Sam is a self-determined man. He doesn’t want to depend __________ anybody.

2 Stop grumbling. I’m perfectly aware __________ the mistake I’ve made.

3 Who’s going to care __________ your two dogs while you’re away?

4 Martha is hopeless __________ cooking. She only buy ready-to-eat meals every day.

5 The technician found the glitch that was responsible __________ the computer crash.

6 Mick apologized __________ me the next day __________ his rude comment.

7 Not everybody agrees __________ the PM’s point of view on immigration.

8 This skirt is composed __________ many different kinds of fibres.

❸

Complete the email with the correct prepositions.

Dear Jonathan, I’m sorry to hear about your break-up with Ariana. I’ve been thinking (1) _____ you all the time and I hope that you’ll succeed (2) _____ turning over a new leaf quickly and feel better soon.

You hadn’t been married (3) _____ her for long, but I can imagine how it hurts. I know that you wouldn’t normally ask (4) _____ any advice whatsoever, but have you thought (5) _____ going away for a bit to spend some quality time alone? A holiday far (6) _____ your routine would help you find a solution (7) _____ your problems and I’m sure life would be kind (8) _____ you once again. Please let me know when it’s a good time for a call.

Love, Corinne PS: Auntie Angela is sending you a big hug, too. You know how fond she is (9) _____ you.

She also wants you to know that she’s very grateful (10) _____ the flowers.

❹

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 I’m a terrible swimmer.

I’m not very good ____________.

2 The pub was full of people.

The pub was crowded ____________.

3 I’d like to have an ice cream.

I feel ____________.

4 Whose is this bicycle?

Who does this bicycle ____________?

5 Art is my main interest.

I’m very interested ____________.

6 How much was a cup of coffee?

How much did you ____________?

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B1 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Phrasal verbs

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Match the phrasal verbs with their meaning. to to to to to to to to

❷

get over give up look into take off make for turn up break down put up with

a b c d e f g h

to to to to to to to to

go in the direction of recover from tolerate appear investigate break a habit fly into the air stop functioning

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Match the sentences.

1 I tried to call you but they kept

a and I can’t get back to sleep.

2 Don’t look round, Margaret.

b you should get planning permission.

3 For the project you’ll have to cut out

c Johan will turn into a top-class player.

4 On Sundays I always wake up early

d some pictures from a magazine.

5 To put up a guest house in your garden

e putting me through to a call centre in India.

6 The sports commentators are sure

f

❸ 1 2 3 4 5 6

I think there’s a man following us.

Choose the correct alternative.

By chance I ran into / over an old friend when I was in Paris last week.

You look hot in that pullover. Why don’t you take it off / out?

There’s so much stuff in my room. I’ll give back / away some of my old books.

It took the firemen the whole night to put down / out the fire.

The film was so moving that everybody broke down / off in tears in the end.

Don’t you think we could put the trip away / off for a week or two?

❹

Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete the sentences.

1 We were all ____________ the end of term. b looking forward to a calling for

c making up

2 I can’t hear the TV. Can you ____________, please? b turn it down a turn it off

c turn it up

3 Oh, no! We ____________ petrol. Let’s hope to find a station. b are cutting down a are running out of

c going out of

4 That was a silly quarrel. Why don’t we kiss and ____________. b make up a put down

c make out

5 The van in front of us skidded and ____________. It was terrible! b turned out c turned over a turned off 6 World War II ____________ in 1939 and ended in 1945. b broke off a broke out 104 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

c broke up

❺

Choose the phrasal verb which has the same meaning as the one in blue.

1 We’d love to give you hospitality when you are in town. a put you up a give in 2 I’m sure Greg will invent an excuse for being late

b put up with you b make up

b takes after a looks after a turned him down b took him out b gave out a brought up

3 Don’t you think Lisa looks like her mother?

4 Fred was heartbroken when Julie refused him.

5 The chairman raised an interesting point.

7 My uncle has started painting as a hobby.

a to cut down a has taken up

b to break into b has taken on

8 Why don’t you check the meaning in the dictionary?

a look up

b look for

6 The police had to enter the building by force.

❻

Complete the sentences with the prepositions / adverbs given in scrambled order.

back

away

off

up

aside

after

over

out

1 Put that milk back in the fridge or it will go ______.

2 They put _______ their differences and continued to work together.

3 Please bring _______ all library books by the end of the week.

4 Sam got run _______ outside the school but she’s miraculously safe.

5 He decided to give _______ everything he possessed and become a monk.

6 Don’t worry. I feel certain that it will all turn _______ well.

7 The newspapers say that the yen will go _______ soon.

8 If you run _______ two hares, you will catch neither.

❼

Complete the sentences using the correct tense of the verbs and an indirect object pronoun.

break down

bring about

bring up

cut down on

give back Y

give in

give out

Example Lara will lend you her ipad but you have to give it back on Monday.

1 Can we not talk about money? I don’t like it when you _____________.

2 The deadline for the papers is tomorrow. Remember to _____________ to Mrs Ross.

3 Did you get this leaflet? Tim was _____________ to everybody this morning.

4 If you want to see a radical change, you must try to _____________ yourself.

5 The door was locked and there was no key, so we had to _____________.

6 You eat too much chocolate. The doctor says you’ll have _____________.

❽

Complete the sentences using the verbs in the box in the correct tense.

break (x2)

bring

go

put

run

take

turn

1 It can be quite difficult _____________ up children in a single-parent family.

2 The present state of affairs cannot be allowed _____________ on, announced the PM. 3 When I fly I’m always frightened when the plane _____________ off and lands.

4 I can _____________ up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.

5 The police used tear gas _____________ up the demonstration in the city centre.

6 The sudden appearance of a security guard caused the thief _____________ away.

7 Set the timer so the heating _____________ on half an hour before we get home.

8 Dan _____________ off their engagement only a few weeks before they were due to be married.

105 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6

Match the sentences. There are two extra sentences you do not need.

Rick used to bite his nails, When the lake froze in winter We used to be good friends, Come on, Henry! It’s getting late.

I didn’t use to like history, Have you seen the hotel in the main street?

❷

a we used to go sailing. b but we aren’t any more. c My aunt used to spend her holidays there. d but now I’m getting interested. e we would go ice skating on Sundays. f It’s high time you got ready. g but he’s stopped now. Y h It would belong to my aunt.

1 g 2 3 4 5 6

Choose the grammatically correct sentence. a b a b a b

1 2 3

❸ 1 2 3 4 5 6

Simple Past – It’s (high) time… – Used to/Would

It’s high time they make it up.

4 It’s time for them to make it up.

When I was young I would read for hours. 5 When I was young I use to read for hours.

We would live in Paris when I was a kid.

6 We used to live in Paris when I was a kid.

a b a b a b

I used to be a teacher. I’m retired now.

I would be a teacher. I’m retired now.

It’s time you changed your job.

It’s time you change your job.

Nat didn’t use to bike, but he loves it now.

Nat wouldn’t like to bike, but he loves it now.

Choose the correct alternative.

They would / used to live on a farm, but they’ve moved to a big city now.

I would / used to have a Persian called Minnie. She was very sweet.

My mum would / didn’t use to tell us a fairy tale to make us fall asleep.

I didn’t use to / used to exercise a lot, but now I go to the gym regularly.

Our parents would / used to love going skiing in winter.

Most Italian students were used to / used to study French in the 70s.

❹

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 We ____________ go to the zoo every summer but I ____________ zoos anymore. a didn’t use to – can stand

b used to – can’t stand

c would – can stand

2 It’s high time you ____________ your car repaired. It ____________ apart. a get – was falling

b got – is falling

c got – fell

3 Lars ____________ Beth very well, but he ____________ her for ages. a would know – b used to know – c used to know – hasn’t seen doesn’t see hasn’t seen 4 I ____________ smoke, but I ____________ last year. a didn’t use to – quit

b was used to – quit

c used to – quit

5 The dogs ____________ start barking as soon as they ____________ a car arrive. a would – heard

b used to – hear

106 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

c would – were hearing

Use of tenses

❶

Choose the grammatically correct sentence. a b a b a b a b a b a b

1 2 3 4 5 6

Present/Past Perfect Simple vs Present/Past Perfect Continuous – It’s/It was the first time…

I’m worn out. We’ve been walking all morning. Can we stop for a while?

I’m worn out. We’ve walked all morning. Can we stop for a while?

Rupert missed the concert because no one had told him about it.

Rupert missed the concert because no one had been telling him about it.

It was the first time we’d been to the aquarium. It was spectacular!

It was the first time we went to the aquarium. It was spectacular!

Hi, Mark. We haven’t met for ages. What have you been doing?

Hi, Mark. We haven’t met for ages. What have you done?

Victoria looked much better. She had been losing 5 kilos after her diet.

Victoria looked much better. She had lost 5 kilos after her diet.

Wow, that's a grasshopper. It was the first time I’d seen one.

Wow, that's a grasshopper. It’s the first time I’ve seen one.

❷

Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs given in scrambled order. be

1 I _______________ just the kitchen red. What do you think?

lead

2 Sue _______________ for a cheap flat, but it’s difficult to find one.

look

3 It’s the second time we _______________ to the National Gallery.

paint

4 They say the government’s policy _______________ to the present difficulties.

chew

5 You _______________ the meat like a ruminant. Is it that tough?

❸

Complete the sentences using the Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous of the verbs given in scrambled order. study rain leave collapse read

❹

1 It _____________ all night and the roads were all flooded.

2 The roof _____________ under the weight of the snow.

3 When we met they were exhausted. They _____________ the whole day.

4 We _____________ the play before we went to see it at the theatre.

5 Our friends _____________ the club when we arrived.

Choose the correct alternative.

The Jayhawks (1) have been rocking and rolling / have rocked and rolled over the past 30 years. They (2) had started / had been starting their career in Minneapolis clubs before being discovered by a local independent label. With a song writing style often compared to Crosby, Stills and Nash, and melodies deeper than their Midwest roots, many critics (3) have agreed / have been agreeing that these balladeers might be the most famous band you (4) have never heard / have been hearing of. The Jayhawks (5) had been touring / have been touring relentlessly.

Mockingbird Time, their eighth album, (6) has entered / had entered the Billboard 200 album at No. 38, the highest a Jayhawks album (7) has ever achieved / has ever been achieving.

107 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶

Perfect forms with duration – How long is/was it since…?

Complete the sentences with for or since.

1 I’ve had this bad cold _________ you gave it to me last week.

2 What terrible weather! It had been raining non stop _________ hours.

3 We’ve been learning Japanese _________ five years. It’s a fantastic language.

4 You’re so lazy. You haven’t tidied up your room _________ a fortnight.

5 Mr Lee had had that medal _________ the end of the Second World War. 6 I’ve been studying German _________ I started secondary school.

❷

Choose the grammatically correct sentence.

1

a Their record has been in the top ten for 6 weeks. b Their record is in the top ten for 6 weeks.

2

a Connor hasn’t been ringing since Thursday. b Connor hasn’t rung since Thursday.

3

a I’ve been repairing my scooter for three hours. b I have repaired my scooter for three hours.

4

a Mum and dad have been out for a few hours. b Mum and dad have been going out for a few hours.

5

a How long haven’t you been to France? b How long is it since you last went to France?

6

a Mum was watering the plants for ten minutes when I arrived. b Mum had been watering the plants for ten minutes when I arrived.

❸

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 He’s out of the A Team. ____________ a year. a He hasn’t played for

b He hasn’t been playing for

c He doesn’t play for

2 Luckily they ____________ the picnic when the storm broke out. a were finishing

b had finished

c has been finishing

3 Albert ____________ in Germany for over a year now. a has been working

b is working

c had been working

4 We ____________ something to eat a quarter of an hour ago, thanks. a have had

b were having

c had

5 Glenda ____________ for Moscow before I could speak to her. a has left

b was leaving

c had left

6 How long is it since you ____________ to the USA? a came over

b had last come over

108 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

c haven’t come over

❹

Complete the sentences with the correct tense (Present/Past Perfect or Present/Past Perfect Continuous).

1 “How long (baby/cry) ________________?” “For ten minutes. What’s wrong with him?”

2 He was very thirsty. He (not/have) ________________ anything to drink since the day before.

3 “How long (you/know) ________________ Sheila?” “Since last February.”

4 It (snow) ________________ for three days now. When will it stop?

5 When Jack turned up they (wait) ________________ for him for over half an hour.

❺

Choose the correct sentence to complete the mini-dialogues.

1 A: Gordon has got a new sports car.

B: Really? ________________________________? a How long has he had it

b How long did he buy it

A: For a few days. It’s beautiful.

2 A: Pam started working as a teacher in February.

B: So ________________________________ a she’s been a teacher for 3 months.

b she’s a teacher since February.

A: Right. She teaches geography.

3 A: I saw George yesterday.

B: Really? ________________________________? a How long hadn’t you met him

b How long was it since you had last met

A: Quite a long time. Two years.

4 A: Hi, Ben. What did you do yesterday?

B: I went to the mountains. I ________________________________ a hadn’t been climbing for months. b haven’t climbed for months.

A: Oh, that’s why you look exhausted.

❻ sit

Complete the passage with the correct tense of the verbs given in scrambled order. freeze

see

imitate

play

invite

wait

serve

think

want

add

behave

Once Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the USA, (1) __________ a bunch of old friends to dine at the White House. He (2) __________ (not) them since the beginning of his election campaign and he (3) __________ to celebrate with them.

They (4) __________ in the dining room for only ten minutes when Coolidge suddenly realized that his guests (5) __________ everything he did.

At first he pretended not to notice, but then he (6) __________: “My friends (7) __________ in a silly way and so I (8) __________ a joke on them.” After coffee (9) __________, he solemnly put half of it into his saucer and (10) __________ cream and sugar. Following the prescribed formula, his visitors duly copied him, but they (11) __________ in consternation and embarrassment when the President calmly placed his saucer down on the floor for his cat, which (12) __________ for a tasty treat for half an hour.

109 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5

If-clauses type 3 – If-clauses: type 1 - type 2 - type 3

Match the sentences.

Lionel wouldn’t have resigned If you hadn’t been so stubborn I would have sent Miley an invitation Luke would have bought a Ferrari If they had listened to me

❷

a b c d e

if he had had the money. now you would be on holiday with your friends. they wouldn't be in trouble now. if he hadn’t quarrelled with his boss. if I had found her address.

1 2 3 4 5

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 They didn’t have a barbecue because the weather forecast was for rain.

They _______________ a barbecue if the weather forecast hadn’t been for rain.

2 I’d left my mobile at home. That’s why I didn’t reply to your message.

If I _______________ my mobile at home I’d have replied to your message.

3 We didn’t swim in the sea because there were jellyfish.

If there _________________ jellyfish we would have swum in the sea.

4 Monica didn’t take a taxi so she missed her flight.

Monica _________________ her flight if she had taken a taxi.

5 You didn’t behave properly, which is why she got angry with you.

If you __________________ properly she wouldn’t have got angry with you.

❸ 1 2 3 4 5

❹

Choose the grammatically correct sentence. a b a b a b a b a b

When you’ll see Caroline, give her my love.

When you see Caroline, give her my love.

We still don’t know if dad will allow us to go camping tomorrow.

We still don’t know if dad allowed us to go camping tomorrow.

We could have afforded a new TV if we had saved money.

We can afford a new TV if we had saved money.

You would have been fired if you called in sick every day.

You would be fired if you called in sick every day.

If I were you I would be spending my holidays in Japan.

If I were you I will be spending my holidays in Japan.

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 I ____________________ if my date hadn’t shown up. a ’ll have been disappointed b ’d have been disappointed c was disappointed 2 It’s a shame the museum isn’t open, otherwise we ____________________. a will visit it b would visit it c wouldn’t have visited it.

3 That firm ____________________ him if he doesn’t move to the capital. a won’t have employed b won’t employ c wouldn’t employ 4 If you hadn’t helped me with the translation I ____________________. a would ever have finished it b wouldn’t have finished it c will never finish it 110 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Wish

❶ 1 2 3 4 5

❷

Choose the grammatically correct sentence. a b a b a b a b a b

I wish I could tell him how I really felt but he’d already left.

I wish I could have told him how I really felt but he’d already left.

The party was a disaster. We wish we hadn’t invited so many people.

The party was a disaster. We wish we could invite a lot of people.

I’m sorry you took offence. I wish I had been more polite.

I’m sorry you took offence. I wished I had been more polite.

Ian regrets not accepting that job. It was quite good.

Ian wishes he accepted that job. It was quite good.

We wish we hadn’t studied Spanish at school. It would be useful now in Madrid.

If only we had studied Spanish at school. It will be useful now in Madrid.

Complete the answers using the correct construction of wish to express desire.

Example 1 2 3 4 5

❸

“Is the puppy house-trained yet?” “I ___________, but it isn’t.”

“Are the team doing well this season?” “I ___________, but they aren’t.”

“Can Rita stay overnight?” “I ___________, but she can’t.”

“Is your son fond of reading?” “I ___________, but he isn’t.”

“Does she love you as much as you love her?” “I ___________, but she doesn’t.”

Complete the sentences using the correct contruction of wish to express regret.

Example 1 2 3 4 5

❹

“Have you got some time to spare?” “I wish I had, but I haven’t.”

Why did we choose this restaurant?

I do regret not learning to play the guitar.

If only she had changed her mind.

She should have listened to you.

If only Esther had been nicer to you.

I’m so sorry we couldn’t visit the abbey.

I wish we hadn’t chosen this restaurant.

I I I I I

wish wish wish wish wish

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

to play the guitar. her mind. to you. nicer to you. the abbey.

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 Fred wishes he hadn’t offered to babysit for the twins. b Fred would have liked to babysit. a Fred regrets offering to babysit.

2 Mrs Finch wishes her husband would help her with the housework. b Mr Finch regrets not helping his wife. a Mr Finch refuses to help his wife.

3 I wish my neighbourhood were less noisy at night. b If only my neighbourhood were quieter. a My neighbourhood is very quiet at night.

4

We should have bought that flight to Mexico. a We regret not buying that flight to Mexico.

b We regret having bought that flight to Mexico.

5 If only you could come home over the weekend. b I wish you didn’t come home. a I’d love it if you could come home.

111 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of tenses

❶

The Passive Voice: all verb forms – It is said… – You are said…

– To have/get sth done

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive tense.

1 The exhibition (open) ______________ by the Mayor next Saturday.

2 It was the second time the race (cancel) ______________.

3 If you had driven carefully, you (not/fine) ______________.

4 If the team had won, it (not/demote) ______________.

5 The parade is going (call off) ______________ because of bad weather.

6 When he realized he (follow) ______________ by a stranger he called the police.

7 The thieves (not/catch) ______________ yet. They are still hiding.

8 Your van is not ready yet. It (still/service) ______________.

❷

Complete the second sentence in the passive voice.

1 The company might have employed him if he hadn’t moved.

He _______________________________ if he hadn’t moved.

2 They shouldn’t have turned down such an interesting offer.

Such an interesting offer _______________________________.

3 You can’t leave your bicycles in the hall.

Your bicycles _______________________________ in the hall.

4 They should have organised the ceremony earlier.

The ceremony _______________________________.

5 You have to show ID to get into the canteen.

ID _______________________________ to get into the canteen.

6 They can’t have given that terrible group a Grammy!

That terrible group _______________________________ a Grammy!

❸

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

Example

Everyone knows he’s been in prison.

He is known to have been in prison.

1 They say Les Miserables is an incredible musical.

Les Miserables _______________________________ an incredible musical.

2 Everyone expects the President to arrive on his private jet.

The President _______________________________ on his private jet.

3 They think the band is going to tour Europe this year.

The band _______________________________ Europe this year.

4 People assumed that the criminal had fled the country.

The criminal _______________________________ the country.

5 Newspapers report that the Prince has got engaged.

The Prince _______________________________ engaged.

112 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

❹

Read the text and put the verbs in brackets into the correct active or passive form.

Little Ross Little Ross, an idyllic island off the south of Scotland, (1) _________ (put) on the market for just £325,000 – but it has a chilling past.

The small lighthouse island near Dumfries and Galloway (2) _________ (hit) the headlines in 1960 when the lighthouse keeper at the time (3) _________ (murder) by his colleague. The crime (4) _________ (discover) when the secretary of the local Royal National Lifeboat Institution (5) _________ (arrive) on the island with his son for lunch and (6) _________ (find) the body of Hugh Clark.

Following a national manhunt, the other lighthouse keeper Robert Dickson (7) _________(arrest) and (8) _________ (sentence) to life imprisonment.

Since the infamous murder, the lighthouse (9) _________ (own) by the Commissioners for Northern Lighthouses who (10) _________ (make) regular maintenance visits to the property throughout the year.

Now, the 29-acre island, which can (11) _________ (access) only via private boat or helicopter and (12) _________ (power) by solar panels and a small wind turbine, is on the market at the same price as a two-bedroom flat in Edinburgh. “This is a fantastic opportunity (13) _________ (not/miss), said David Corrie, senior associate at property agency Galbraith, because normally private islands (14) _________ (not/come) up for sale at an affordable price’’. He is convinced that Little Ross could (15) _________ (turn) into something truly stunning, the perfect island retreat for future generations (16) _________ (enjoy). That’s why, despite its dark past, Little Ross (17) _________ (expect) to receive a lot of interest from all over the UK as well as abroad and may (18) _________ (not/be) on the market for long.

❺

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the construction to have sth done.

Example 1 2 3 4 5

I must renew my passport.

I need to repair this headlight.

Why don’t you bind these documents?

Ryan wanted to cut his hair.

You should dry-clean that coat.

They are decorating their house.

I must have my passport renewed.

I need to ______________________________.

Why don’t you ______________________________?

Sam wanted to ______________________________.

You should ______________________________.

They are ______________________________.

❻

Use the verbs given in scrambled order to complete the mini-dialogues with the construction of to have something done. replace translate fix take in tune

1 A: I can’t understand this message. It’s written in Chinese.

B: Well, you should ______________________.

2 A: The fitted carpet in the living room is worn out.

B: I know. Why don’t we ______________________.

3 A: I’ve lost weight. This skirt is too large.

B: It’s a nice skirt. If I were you I’d ______________________.

4 A: My old piano doesn’t sound properly.

B: Oh, you’d better ______________________, then.

5 A: The French window keeps jamming.

B: I had told you to ______________________.

113 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Modals

❶

Can – Could – To be able – To manage – To succeed

Choose the correct alternative.

1 The test was very difficult, but I can finish / managed to finish on time.

2 If we had known she needed money, we could lend / could have lent her some.

3 Paula was able to take / could have taken the tube, but she opted for a taxi instead.

4 Emma asked me if I was able to water / could water her plants while she’s on holiday.

5 It was really hard, but we succeeded in reaching / could reach the top of the mountain.

6 Due to the harsh weather, the postman can’t have delivered / couldn’t deliver the parcel.

7 I’m afraid you won’t be able to view / couldn’t view the flat because it’s not ready yet.

8 I like French but I’ve never been able to speak / could never have spoken it fluently.

9 The burglars can’t / could have escaped from that window. It’s too small.

10 “Alan is in love with Linda.” “He can / can’t be. He told me he was crazy about Sue.”

❷

Rephrase the second sentence using the hints in brackets.

1 I’m sure Mark didn’t tell you a lie. He’s an honest guy. (can’t) Mark _____________________ a lie. He’s an honest guy.

2 The pub was so crowded that it was impossible to sit down. (we) The pub was so crowded that _____________________.

3 The rescuers were able to save the man from the avalanche. (succeeded) The rescuers _____________________ the man from the avalanche.

4 All the hotels were full, but eventually we found a room. (managed) All the hotels were full, but eventually _____________________ a room.

5 I’m afraid it will be impossible for me to pick you up at three. (not) I’m afraid I _____________________ you up at three.

❸

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 You could have passed the exam if you had studied more. a It would have been impossible for you to pass. b You should have harder studied to pass the exam.

2 The pearls were so expensive that I couldn’t afford them. a The pearls were too expensive for me to buy. b I wish I had enough money to buy the pearls.

3 He can’t have stolen your purse. a It was possible for him to steal your purse. b I refuse to believe he’s a thief.

4 We were late, so we didn’t manage to get the connection. a If we’d been on time we could get the connection. b We missed the connection because we were not on time.

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Modals

❶ 1 2 3 4 5

May – Might – To be likely

Match the sentences to the functions they express.

I can’t promise to come. I might not have time.

The course may be demanding, but it’s interesting.

Are they likely to win the regatta?

He wasn’t at home. He might have been at work.

You may not open this door.

❷ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

a b c d e

formal prohibition probability in the past concession remote future probability question about probability

1 2 3 4 5

Underline the correct alternative.

Don’t wait for me. I couldn’t / might not be home for supper.

Oh, dear! The fog is so thick that I can’t / may not see anything.

We might / could smell the lilies from the terrace. It was intoxicating.

“Is Jenny taking part in the tournament?” “I’m not sure, but she can’t / may.”

We might not catch / couldn’t catch the train because Claude was late.

If the driver hadn’t stopped there might be / might have been a crash.

“What shall I cook for dinner?” “You can / may make lamb chops with peas.”

You can’t have / may not have finished the book. You only started it yesterday.

❸

Complete the sentences with the modals given in scrambles order.

couldn’t

could

may

might

may not

might not

1 The rent ___________ have been low, but the house was in very poor condition.

2 It’s a pity we ___________ decide, but there were too few electors to reach the quorum.

3 You ___________ go beyond this line if you haven’t got a boarding pass.

4 He didn’t answer your email, but he ___________ have read it. He’s not a technophile.

5 If they had told us about the situation we ___________ have helped them.

6 Luckily we had a torch, or else we ___________ have lost the way.

❹

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 Sorry, I couldn’t text you to say I was late. a I couldn’t text you because I was late. b It was impossible for me to text you.

2 Granny can’t have climbed that hill. a I don’t believe Granny climbed that hill.

b Granny wasn’t allowed to climb that hill.

3 The school might apply for a grant. a The school is going to apply for a grant. b It is possible that the school will apply for a grant.

4 You may not park in this area tomorrow. a You can’t park in this area tomorrow.

b Perhaps you won’t park in this area tomorrow.

5 Leigh may leave the UK at the end of the year. a Leigh is allowed to leave the UK. b It’s possible that this is Leigh's last year in the UK. 6 They couldn’t have flown without their ID. a They didn’t have their ID. b They had their ID so they could fly.

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B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Modals

Must vs To have to

❶ Complete the sentences with a positive deduction with must or must have followed by the verbs given in scrambled order.

Y divorce smell go be have live Example

They don’t live together any more. They must have divorced.

1 The lights are out, so they _____________________________ to bed.

2 You _____________________________ mad to sell your cottage. Are you sure it’s a good idea?

3 The caravan _____________________________ of damp when you opened it after the winter.

4 Audrey _____________________________ a fantastic time in Canada last summer.

5 Pam _____________________________ near here because she walks to work.

❷ 1 2 3 4 5

Chose the correct alternative.

Mia’s got a full-time home help. She doesn’t have to do / mustn’t do the housework every day.

That was a terrible thing to do. You mustn’t do / won’t have to do it again.

I’m sorry, but I had to tell / didn’t have to tell her that she hadn’t passed her admission test.

Poor woman! She has had to do / will have to do everything by herself since her husband died.

Someone must have stolen / would have to steal my camera. It was here a minute ago.

❸

Complete the sentences with the correct form and tense of to have to.

1 “How long _____________________ (you/wait) for them?” “They were twenty minutes late.”

2 How much _____________________ (you/pay) to enter the Seven Peaks Race last season?

3 “_____________________ (Mike/drive) to work every day?” “Yes, he works in a remote area.”

4 It was snowing, so they _____________________ (hire) a jeep to get to the mountain village.

5 My leg will soon be OK so I _____________________ (not/give) up jogging.

❹

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 The flat was upside-down. The burglars must have left in a hurry. a The burglars were obliged to leave in a hurry. b I think the burglars left in a hurry.

2 We don’t have to book an appointment to see our doctor. a It isn’t necessary for us to book an appointment to see our doctor. b We mustn’t book an appointment to see our doctor.

3 Wendy had to buy another ticket yesterday. a Wendy must have bought a ticket yesterday. b Wendy was obliged to buy another ticket yesterday.

4 Sam can’t have picked those mushrooms in her garden. a It was prohibited to Sam to pick those mushrooms in her garden. b I’m sure Sam didn’t pick those mushrooms in her garden.

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Modals

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6

❷

Should/Ought to – Had better

Match the sentences with the functions they express.

They ought to have provided clearer instructions.

You should update the anti-virus program.

Pam is late. She should be here by now.

I’m not coming. I’d have to get up too early.

We’d better hurry or we’ll miss the connection.

If you should need help, just let me know.

a b c d e f

hypothetical obligation strong deduction strong and formal disapproval Y suggestion in a particular situation possible event advice

c

1 2 3 4 5 6

Choose the correct alternative.

1 I know I would have had to call / should have called you back, but I forgot.

2 You’re are all wet. You had better change / ought to change your clothes.

3 They ought to warn / had better warn people about the presence of smugglers in the area.

4 If you didn’t get so dirty I shouldn’t do / wouldn’t have to do the washing so often.

5 If the baby should wake up / ought to wake up, give her some milk.

6 They should have left / would have had to leave without him if he hadn’t been on time.

7 The traffic is at a standstill. There should have been / must have been an accident.

8 I’m afraid Greg has got a bad cough. He would have to see / had better see a doctor.

❸

Complete the passage using the verbs in the box. had better ought ought should have should have

would have had

❹

What a day I had yesterday! The alarm (1) ________ rung early because I (2) __________ to have finished the power point presentation before leaving for the meeting in Paris. As it was I was still fast asleep at 7 and by that time I (3) __________ been on my way to the airport. It was a stroke of luck that the plane was delayed by nearly an hour, otherwise I (4) ___________ to postpone my departure. We took off at 11 something, so I reached the office more or less when I (5) __________ to have. But I (6) _________ buy a new alarm clock today!

Choose the TWO alternatives that can correctly complete the sentences.

1 You ______________ such a noise when you come in late at night. c oughtn’t to make a shouldn’t have made b shouldn’t make 2 Their children have got measles. I don’t think you ______________ anywhere near them. b had better go c should go a oughtn’t to go 3 I’ll contact you immediately if we ______________ a cancellation of a seat. b should have c will have a have 4 Lionel doesn’t want to do that, but I think he ______________ it. b will have to c ’d better do a had to 5 I bought it in the sales otherwise I ______________ far more. b would have had to spend c would have spent a should have spent 117 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Modals

❶

Would rather

Complete the sentences using would rather + infinitive without to, or have + past participle.

1 I usually watch films on TV, but I’d rather __________ (go) to the cinema tonight.

2 The evening with Greta was a disaster. We’d rather _________ (not/invite) her.

3 You know that I seldom eat meat, so I’d rather __________ (have) cheese for supper.

4 The class went to Paris by coach but they’d rather_________ (travel) by train.

5 The company was so boring that I’d rather __________ (stay) at home.

❷

Complete the sentences using would rather + subject + simple past, or past perfect.

1 Mum doesn’t feel like cooking today. She’d rather _________ (we/go) for a pub meal.

2 This dishwasher is fantastic, but I’d rather _______ (we/buy) a cheaper one.

3 Five o’clock is too early, I’m afraid. I’d rather __________ (we/meet) a bit later.

4 Josh is quite happy with his new job, but his wife would rather_________ (he/not/accept) it.

5 The roads are so slippery today that I’d rather _________ (you/not drive) so fast.

❸

Complete the sentences using the correct construction of the verb to prefer.

1 I’m on a diet so I would rather not have any dessert if you don’t mind.

I’m on a diet so I would prefer __________ any dessert if you don’t mind.

2 The Indian meal was excellent, but I’d rather have eaten Japanese food.

The Indian meal was excellent, but I’d have preferred __________ Japanese food.

3 The kids have taken up karate, but I’d rather they’d chosen something different.

The kids have taken up karate, but I’d have preferred __________ something different.

4 “Shall I help with the cooking?” “Thanks, but I’d rather you laid the table.”

“Shall I help with the cooking?” “Thanks, but I’d prefer __________ the table.”

5 Dad would rather you’d used your pocket money more wisely.

Dad would have preferred __________ your pocket money more wisely.

6 “Why don’t you go to the supermarket?” “Well, I’m busy now. I’d rather go later.”

“Why don’t you go to the supermarket?” “Well, I’m busy now. I’d prefer __________ later.”

❹

Choose the correct alternative to complete the mini-dialogues.

1 A: Why did John choose yellow for his bedroom walls?

B: Isn’t it a foul colour? I wish he hadn’t chosen / didn’t choose it.

2 A: I’ve borrowed Carol’s silk scarf without her permission.

B: Oh, no! You might ask / should have asked her. It’s one of her favourites.

3 A: This is the juicer we need, but it’s quite expensive.

B: I agree. We would rather / had better wait for the sales.

118 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

4 A: There’s a problem with this tap. Can you fix it?

B: Sorry, but I would rather call / should call a plumber.

5 A: The boys regret spending all their money in that amusement arcade.

B: I know. In fact they told me they wish they wouldn’t spend / hadn’t spent such a lot.

6 A: Is there any chance they’ll buy at the figure we have quoted?

B: It’s really hard to say. They might not / could not offer enough.

❺

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 I _____________ you hadn’t told your friends about my problems. It was indelicate of you. a would prefer b wish c would like 2 _____________ you like some more coke? b Would a Do

c Don’t

3 _____________ a pizza for dinner tonight or would you prefer exotic food? b Do you like me to get c Would you get a Shall I get 4 My grandmother _____________ get me a scarf for Christmas. b had better c would always a used 5 When Charlie was a child he _____________ to climb trees. b would c ’d rather a used 6 Vivian isn’t ready yet, so she _____________ us to go and pick her up later. b ’d prefer c arranged a ’d rather 7 It’s too early to call her now. _____________ send her a text message, instead? b Would you rather c Why not a How about 8 I _____________ you wouldn’t chew gum all the time. It’s irritating. b would like c ’d prefer a wish 9 Will you have some pie or would you _____________ have ice cream for dessert? b prefer c rather a like 10 The Rumseys enjoyed their holiday in Cuba, but they’d rather _____________ to Sri Lanka. b had gone c go a have gone

❻

Complete the sentences with the expressions given in scrambled order.

Two expressions are not needed. should study more

wish I had

had better change

would give me

didn’t work

’d rather we went

had better enrol

could do

1 I’m tired of doing the same job. I wish I ____________ something more interesting.

2 They ____________ if they want to please their exacting teachers.

3 I won’t manage to finish the report by next week. I ____________ some more time.

4 I can’t do all the work by myself. I wish you ____________ a hand.

5 Jane wants to book in a mountain resort, but I ____________ somewhere else.

6 Don’t you think we ____________ on a German course rather than a French one?

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B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Modals

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6

Need

Choose the correct alternative.

Relax. You needn’t / don’t need decide now. There’s still time.

It is just a simple excursion. You don’t need / needn’t special equipment.

The flower beds don’t need / needn’t watering. It rained last night.

Your old van was in perfect condition. You needn’t change / needn’t have changed it.

We needn’t have waited / didn’t need to wait. The train was perfectly on time.

You needn’t have / don’t need to have professional qualifications for that job.

❷ Use the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences with didn’t need + to-infinitive, or needn’t have + past participle.

1 We’d picked up our tickets, so we ____________________ (queue).

2 Thank you for the present, but you ____________________ (spend) so much.

3 The show starts at seven. It’s only six o’clock. We ____________________ (come) so early.

4 Thomas ____________________ (feed) the goldfish. I’d told him not to do it.

5 We all went in George’s car, so I ____________________ (use) mine.

6 Sharon ____________________ (walk) the dog. Why did she? I’d just taken him to the park.

❸

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 You needn’t tell me I have to study harder. a I know I’d better study harder.

2 The peach tree needs pruning, don’t you think? a The peach tree has to be pruned.

3 Fred needn’t have worried so much. a Fred should have worried.

4 We didn’t need to pay a deposit on the house. a We paid a deposit, but it wasn’t necessary.

5 Doris needn’t have walked home, but she did. a There was no need for Doris to walk home.

❹

b It’s not necessary for me to study harder. b I think you must prune the peach tree. b Fred worried unnecessarily. b Nobody asked us for a deposit. b Doris didn’t need to walk home.

Use the verbs given in scrambled order to complete the sentences.

doesn’t have to

1 Maybe one day travellers ______________ show their passports to cross international frontiers.

had better needn’t needn’t have

2 I ______________ revise the lesson. I know it by heart.

3 If we had known you weren’t going to be punctual we ______________ skipped lunch.

4 These trousers feel a bit tight. I ______________ lose some weight.

5 We ______________ gone to the meeting but nobody told us until it was

won’t need to

too late.

6 Daisy ______________ stand for class representative if she thinks she’s

should have

not up to it.

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Compound words – Order of adjectives

❶

Match the nouns in column A with the nouns in column B to make compound words.

A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5

❷

house earth tooth coffee mind mother pocket

B

A

map mug quake paste money party in-law

house party ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10

B

honey window home human back dust hand

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

stage bag bin made moon being frames 11 12 13 14

______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

Combine the words in brackets using – a possessive phrase

(woman, hat) Fred’s wearing a woman’s hat. How funny!

– a prepositional phrase with of

(bus, back) Shall we seat at the back of the bus?

– a compound word

(key, car) Did you pick up my car key?

1 (book, cover) This is a rare edition. You should make a _________________ to protect it.

2 (children, story) Even though it’s a _________________, I find it quite horrifying.

3 (tea, cup) Isn’t there another _________________ in the cupboard? This one is chipped.

4 (cost, living) The _________________ in London is outrageous.

5 (house, doll) Queen Mary’s _________________ is on display in Windsor Castle.

6 (leg, chair) I think one of the _________________ is broken.

7 (wine, bottle) Shall we open another _________________?

8 (work, hour) Don’t worry. It’s only going to take _________________.

❸

Complete the sentences with the adjectives in brackets in the correct order.

1 Wow, this ______________ dress really suits you. (velvet/long/evening) 2 They are considering a ______________ kitchen table for their summer house. (round/wooden) 3 My sister adopted a ______________ dog, she is so cute. (brown/small/beautiful) 4 That palace houses a ______________ clock. (old/Italian/wonderful) 5 Our work uniform consists of black pants and a ______________ T-shirt. (grey/baggy/big) 6 I’ve just bought these ______________ trousers. What do you think? (new/slim/Chinese) 7 Mum got me a ______________ pocket watch at the flea market. (silver/Victorian/charming) 8 We like that ______________ house at the end of the street. (green/big/antique) 121 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Distributives and Determiners

❶

Match the sentences.

1 Neither the travel agency

a no planning caused the festival to flop.

2 Everybody enjoyed the party.

b

3 Both my girlfriend and I

c

4 No one could suggest anything that

d

5 A little too much enthusiasm and

e

6 I can either work for a few more years

f

❷ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 or retire now and get a lower pension. either of the two litigants could consent to. 3 4 We all sang and danced.

5 nor the airline were responsible for the delay.

6 thank you for inviting us to your wedding.

Complete the sentences with both – both… and – either – either… or – neither – neither… nor. __________ dogs were splendid, but of the two Gordon was the winner.

I have met __________ your mother __________ your father today. Are they away? __________ of you two stop squabbling or __________ of you will watch TV. We didn’t see __________ Adam __________ John at the pub yesterday.

Unluckily __________ Erika __________ Anne insisted on putting the trip off.

Oh, no! __________ the seats for Friday __________ those for Saturday are sold out. __________ Phoebe __________ Eve have a crush on Jason. What can they see in him?

There are two westerns on tonight, but I’m not interested in __________ of them.

❸

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 We __________ finish this evening __________ continue tomorrow morning. b either – or c neither – or a both – and 2 I hope __________ Stanley and Oliver are coming. They’re __________ fun. b neither – lots of c both – very much a both – a lot of 3 Does __________ want to do __________ special this weekend? b anyone – nothing c anybody – something a nobody – any 4 The __________ team played well for __________ the match. b all – the whole c all – whole a whole – the whole of 5 For __________ people __________ love makes a big difference in their lives. b most – a little c a few – a bit a many – some of 6 Have you had __________ time to complete the report or do you need __________ more? b too little – a little c some – little a enough – a little

❹

Choose the correct alternative.

1 My brother and I are either / both a bit shy with people we don’t know. | 2 Skateboarding isn’t that easy. Not everybody / all can do it well. | 3 Is Luke keen on Megan? He was staring at her all / every evening. | 4 Either / Neither I get away for a few days or / and I’ll go mad. | 5 Are either / all of the girls coming? If so we’ll need three extra tickets. | 6 Someone / No one wants these photocopies, do they? If not, I’ll take them. | 7 Both / Some of the couples played well, but of the two Max and Paul were best. | 8 I’m pretending not to care that some / none of my colleagues wished me a happy birthday.

122 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

❺

Complete the sentences using the words given in scrambled order.

any

1 A __________ section of the library was destroyed by last year’s earthquake.

both

2 Do you think there’s __________ chance of setting off before lunch?

else

3 Do you know if anyone __________ besides Brad will be on the committee?

enough

4 The twins, __________ of whom are in our class, are similar but not identical.

much of

5 __________ of the tracks on her new CD are as good as her first hit.

neither

6 Surely we’re old __________ to make up our own minds about what we do.

none

7 __________ the homestead has been restored for farmhouse holidays.

whole

8 __________ of the two finalists broke the other’s defence and the result was a draw.

❻

Complete the mini-dialogues with distributives and determiners.

1 A: When we arrived in the village _________ was out celebrating in the streets.

B: It must have been the local patron saint’s day.

2 A: It’s a beautiful place in spring. _________ you look there are flowers in bloom.

B: I agree. There’s _________ nicer on the entire coast as far as I’m concerned.

3 A: _________ Conrad _________ Ruth were looking for you just now.

B: Strange. I’ve been hunting for them _________ morning but I’ve found _________ of them.

4 A: Almost the _________ class voted for Courtney. It was a plebiscite.

B: I’m not surprised. _________ else can match her popularity.

5 A: I have _________ faith in magazine quizzes. I did two last week. One said I was an extrovert, _________ said I was an introvert.

B: Well, that just confirms that you’re complicated!

6 A: I wish I had a cottage in the mountains.

B: I wouldn’t live in the mountains, _________ for love _________ money.

7 A: When they had budgeted for _________, there was very _________ cash left.

B: Yes, I was told there were just _________ pounds.

8 A: Mrs Robinson has assigned you _________ homework for the holidays, I bet.

B: Actually not too _________-_________ of us has got to write a summary of a book we’ve read recently.

❼

Complete the answers to the questions with the word given in brackets.

1 Did any of you go to the conference? (none) No, _________________________ interested in going.

2 How many of those old houses did they demolish? (most) They demolished _________________________.

3 Can I have a piece of cake and some ice cream, mum? (either) No, you can _________________________, but not both.

4 Has she spoken to Jamie and Anna? (neither) No, she _________________________ of them.

5 Are you doing Latin or Greek at school this year? (neither… nor) We are _________________________ Greek.

123 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of the definite and indefinite article – (the) one / (the) ones

❶

Complete the sentences using a/an or the. Put an X where the article is not necessary.

1 _______ last summer my friend went to _______ Ibiza for _______ week but he spent all his time in _______ prison. It was _______ case of _______ mistaken identity. Unfortunately he had _______ bad luck to look like _______ international drug trafficker.

2 Margaret plays _______ cello so brilliantly that _______ instrument seems to come alive. _______ famous music critic said that she is _______ genius, whose _______ interpretation of Bach is without _______ equal.

3 _______ very long and expensive bureaucratic procedures are _______ thing of _______ past since _______ introduction of _______ online banking.

4 We’ve got _______ vast choice of what we can do at _______ St Mary’s summer school.

I fancy enrolling on _______ course on _______ computer design as _______ facilities there are especially good for anyone wanting to take up _______ technically oriented activities.

5 If I were granted _______ wish I would hope to be _______ next winner of _______ national lottery so that I could buy _______ camper. I would go on _______ long holiday visiting all _______ countries in _______ South America. Well, it’s _______ nice dream, don’t you think?

❷

Complete the leaflet with the definite article or an X where it is not necessary.

IDYLLIC RETREATS (1) ________ British Virgin Islands offer (2) ________ peace, quiet and a very warm

welcome – not to mention some of (3) ________ finest coastlines in all (4) ________ Caribbean.

Virg i n G orda

Tortola (5) ________ Isle of Tortola, where (6) ________ most residents live, boasts miles of (7) ________

deserted beaches and a ‘laid back’ atmosphere. Take a trip (8) ________ north to (9) ________ Cane Garden Bay for (10) ________ best bathing, or up (11) ________ Mount Sage, 1780ft high, for (12) ________ superb views over (13) ________ tropical forests.

124 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Visit more than twenty fine coves, (14) ________ amazing giant boulders of ‘The Baths’ and its paradise ‘cays’ including (15) ________ Norman Island – reputedly (16) ________ Stephenson’s original setting place for one of his masterpieces.

❸

Put a tick next to the sentence where the use of the article is grammatically correct.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

This year we are going on a school trip to the Elba.

My uncle is a bachelor, so he hasn’t got a family to worry about.

You can’t fill in this form with the pencil, it says to use the biro.

The film is going to start in a short time. Come on in and take a chair!

Fanny is one of my schoolmates. She’s a good dancer.

Mum’s in a good mood today. We can ask her for an advance in our pocket money.

We had a row over whether we should hire a car for holidays or not.

At our institute we try to give the weakest students the help they need.

Renaissance is considered the Golden Age of England.

The flag’s flying over the Buckingham Palace. The sovereign is in London.

❹

Choose the correct alternative.

1 2 3 4 5

The / X most citizens don’t approve of the / X new tax law passed by X / the Parliament.

There was an appalling shipwreck in X / the North Sea. I heard X / the news on TV. Don’t you remember in what year X / the King William I landed in X / the Great Britain?

The / X Mary Rose is the famous Tudor warship whose hull was discovered in 1982.

Have you ever seen the / X Mont Blanc? It’s the / X highest mountain in the / X Alps.

❺

Complete the sentences using a definite or an indefinite article. Put an X where the article is not necessary.

1 _______ isles of Mull, Eigg, Rum and Coll are four quaintly-named members of _______ Inner Hebrides, _______ archipelago off _______ west coast of _______ Scotland.

2 _______ Admiral Nelson defeated _______ French navy during _______ battle of Trafalgar.

3 _______ Tate Modern is _______ art gallery in London that is linked to _______ St Paul’s Cathedral by _______ Millennium Footbridge.

4 _______ idea of _______ canal linking _______ Mediterranean to _______ Red Sea via _______ River Nile can be traced back to _______ ancient times.

5 _______ North America’s biggest desert is _______ Sonoran, which runs across _______ border between _______ United States and _______ Mexico.

❻

Complete the sentences with a/an, the, some, one/ones, the one/the ones, or an X where not necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Don’t go out without _______ umbrella. It’s pouring down.

The dog has _______ temperature and _______ cough, too.

Can I try _______ of those woolly hats in the window, please? The black _______.

Is Westminster Cathedral _______ Protestant or _______ Catholic church?

There’s _______ Herr Schmidt on _______ phone for _______ dad.

Thank you. You gave me such _______ good advice. _______ people like you are rare. _______ evening I met John at the bus stop. It was love at first sight.

I need _______ blank CD, but I’m not sure which _______ to choose. _______ friends of mine have _______ house on _______ coast with _______ swimming pool. _______ of the books I ordered on _______ Internet have already arrived, but _______ from _______ bookshop haven’t turned up yet.

125 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Comparatives and Superlatives – Like – As – Such as/like

❶

Complete the sentences with a suitable comparative or superlative.

1 The Indian elephant has got ______________ (small) ears than the African elephant.

2 The people I met were ______________ (sociable) than I expected and ______________ (lively).

3 My guest family in France was ______________ (hospitable) I had ever stayed with.

4 We had terrible weather on holiday. It was ______________ (bad) than we had imagined.

5 We thought the hut was ______________ (near), but it was much _______________ (far).

6 I’m getting old. I’m afraid I haven’t got ______________ (energy) as in the past.

7 “Is a garden snail ______________ (fast) as a spider?” “No, it’s ______________ (slow).”

8 It was an incredibly hot day. They say it was ______________ (hot) that summer.

❷

Reply to the statements as in the example.

Example The temperature has risen. It’s warm today.

You’re right. It’s getting warmer and warmer.

1 Don’t you think Miss Lyndon is too demanding?

You’re right. She’s getting ______________________.

2 E-learning courses are becoming increasingly popular.

You’re right. They are getting ______________________.

3 There aren’t many small shops these days.

You’re right. Small shops are getting ______________________.

4 It’s increasingly difficult to find unspoilt nature.

You’re right. It’s getting ______________________.

5 Your children are growing up. They’re very tall.

You’re right. They’re getting ______________________.

6 Henry is not very sociable.

You’re right. He’s getting ______________________.

❸

Reply to the statements as in the example.

Example Practice makes perfect, so they say.

You’re right. The more you practise the better you get.

1 The problem of energy is more serious than in the past.

Yes, ______________ energy we waste, the worse the problem will get.

2 He keeps complaining. I find him so irritating.

You’re right. ______________ he complains, the more irritating he gets.

3 You’ve got to choose a healthy diet.

Yes, ______________ fattening food you eat, the better for your health.

4 When her husband is away for a long time she gets depressed.

True. ______________ her husband is away, the more depressed she becomes.

126 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

5 Ken is training a lot this season.

You’re right. ______________ he trains, the better he gets.

6 My English is getting rusty. I haven’t spoken it for ages.

That’s the problem. ______________ you speak, the less fluent you get.

❹

Some of the sentences have a word which should not be there. Write the word in the space on the left. If the sentence is correct put a tick (Y).

Example

far Y far

Take far as much as you need.

Take as much as you need.

1 _______________ Terry is the most creative in the pottery workshop.

2 _______________ The more I listen to rap the keener I get on it.

3 _______________ The blue shirt costs by far less than the white one.

4 _______________ There are as more people here tonight than ever.

5 _______________ This is the least interesting programme of all.

6 _______________ No one is such a better driver than Flora.

7 _______________ You aren’t as more young as Dawn, are you?

8 _______________ Often a bike is the quicker than a bus.

9 _______________ This has been the best birthday than I have ever had.

10 _______________ Renate is as good at physics as me, if not better.

11 _______________ Fanny is putting on more and more weight.

12 _______________ My dog is getting the lazier and lazier.

❺

Complete the sentences with the expressions given in scrambled order. any longer

as much as possible as soon as as usual at least at the latest at the most from bad to worse

❻

1 You’re late again, ____________.

2 If you wish to come will you let me know ____________ you can?

3 They say we have to be back at 5 ____________.

4 It’s quite a small hall. It will hold an audience of 250 ____________.

5 Music used to be recorded on big black disks, but it isn’t ____________.

6 There must be a minimum number of participants, ____________ ten.

7 The charity has asked us to donate ____________ to help the earthquake victims.

8 I’d hoped things would improve but they’ve gone ____________.

Complete the sentences using like, as, or like/such as.

1 Most people are keen on team games _____________ football or volleyball.

2 He’s got no mind of his own. He behaves exactly _____________ his friends.

3 We should tell Gloria how dreadful she looks dressed _____________ a teenager.

4 The wine they produce in this valley is regarded _____________ some of Europe’s finest.

5 Why don’t you stop behaving _____________ a child? Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?

6 Lots of English writers used to work _____________ teachers in Italy. Did you know?

7 Why are you giggling _____________ that? What have you been up to?

8 I think Henry is more cut out for the performing arts, _____________ ballet or painting.

127 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Relative clauses

❶ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Defining and Non-defining – Wh-ever words

Decide if the following relative clauses are defining (D) or non-defining (ND).

The person that built this shopping mall is my uncle.

My uncle, who built this shopping mall, is a famous architect.

His beautiful girlfriend, whom he’d left two years before, married his best friend.

The beautiful girl he’d left two years before married his best friend.

That’s the cottage I inherited from my grandfather.

That cottage, which I inherited from my grandfather, is almost in ruins.

The popular novelist, who was born in Kenya, wrote a lot about his homeland.

This is the novelist who was born in Kenya and wrote a lot about his homeland.

❷

D D D D D D D D

ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Complete the non-defining relative clauses with who, who(m), which, whose.

1 Jack’s bicycle, _________ somebody had stolen, was found in a river.

2 Florence, _______ was not used to quarrels, left the room crying.

3 She refused to talk about her new thriller, ________ ending she hadn’t decided yet.

4 My friend Jim, ________ wife is an archaeologist, is leaving for Mexico next month.

5 This silver coin, _________ I found by chance in that old chest, is quite rare.

6 Her face, on ________ you could still see traces of make-up, was very pale.

7 That friend of Jackie’s, ________ name I can’t remember now, is a politician.

8 Hilda, ________ I introduced to you at the party, has invited both of us for lunch.

❸ 1 2 3 4 5

Choose the grammatically correct sentence. a b a b a b a b a b

The girl you saw with me yesterday is my cousin.

The girl, who you saw with me yesterday, is my cousin.

I don’t know the person you are looking for.

I don’t know the person, whom you are looking for.

The convent, that we visited yesterday, is very old.

The convent we visited yesterday is very old.

Pooja, whose husband is Thai, will move to Bangkok next month.

Pooja whose husband is Thai will move to Bangkok next month.

Martin’s dogs which are playing outside are Labradors.

Martin’s dogs, which are playing outside, are Labradors.

❹

Complete the defining and non-defining relative clauses. Put an X where the relative pronoun can be omitted.

1 The man ___________ has just arrived is a friend of our parents. | 2 My French teacher is someone ___________ I used to look up to. | 3 They’ve cancelled the gig, ___________ is very annoying. | 4 Have you heard about the bank ___________ was robbed yesterday? | 5 Samuel Johnson’s home, ___________ is a museum now, is in Gough Square, London. | 6 The police talked to the woman ___________ car had broken down in front of the theatre. | 7 The only thing ___________ matters is to find a new flat as soon as possible. | 8 I’d never heard of the politician ___________ they were talking about.

128 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

❺

Complete the defining and non-defining relative clauses.

Example Jefferson was the third US President. He founded the University of Virginia.

Jefferson, who founded the University of Virginia, was the third US President.

1 I’m afraid Barbara won’t come. We all hoped to see her tonight.

I’m afraid Barbara, ______________________ to see tonight, won’t come.

2 Mr Forrester lives in Australia now. He was at school with my father.

Mr Forrester, ______________________ in Australia now, was at school with my father.

3 The blouse was perfect. You bought it for Ann’s birthday.

The blouse ______________________ for Ann’s birthday was perfect.

4 Brandford & Co employ 150 workers. Rory works for them.

Brandford & Co, ______________________, employ 150 workers.

5 Who was the singer? He performed at the 02 Arena last night.

Who was the singer ______________________ at the 02 Arena last night?

6 Jane Austen is my favourite writer. Her books are still popular with the young.

Jane Austin, ______________________ are still popular with the young, is my favourite writer.

❻ 1 2 3 4 5

Complete the sentences with whenever, wherever, however, whatever, whoever.

She’s so pretty that ______________________ she goes she breaks hearts.

I absolutely must see him, ______________________ painful it may be for me.

I think that ______________________ lives abroad for a time can learn a lot. ______________________ happens, it’s us together and we’ll make it.

Auntie Carol used to study Physics ______________________ she had a spare moment.

❼

Some of the sentences have a word which should not be there. Write the word in the space on the left. If the sentence is correct put a tick (Y).

HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOUR HEDGEHOG? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

what Y

Here’s all what you need to know about these cute animals. Fossils suggest that hedgehog-like creatures have been on the Earth for about 15 million years.

The modern hedgehog has no close relatives amongst other mammals, which it is quite incredible, although it may have distant links with moles and shrews.

Our British hedgehog is the same species which occurs in most of the continent of Europe and who is called Erinaceus europaeus.

The hedgehog is characterised by its spines. These are modified hairs, which they cover the back of its head and body. Under the prickles the hedgehog has a system of muscles whose designed to raise and lower its spines.

When it is frightened it will tighten the muscles around its flanks and curl up.

But what about its bones? Scientists that have discovered very little unusual about the hedgehog’s skeleton except the shortness of the neck, which probably helps it to roll up into a compact ball more easily. This self-defence mechanism is the reason for why it has fewer enemies than any other mammal of similar sizes.

129 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Use of the infinitive with to or without to – To let – To make – To get

❶

Choose the grammatically correct sentence.

1

a The good news made everybody shout with joy. b The good news made everybody to shout with joy.

2

a I managed to get Cathy admit her mistake. b I managed to get Cathy to admit her mistake.

3

a My parents won’t let me to stay away for the weekend. b My parents won’t let me stay away for the weekend. a The suspect was made to confess his crime.

4

b The suspect was made confess his crime. a We saw the car to overtake a lorry and crash into a tree. b We saw the car overtake a lorry and crash into a tree.

5

❷

Complete the sentences with the verbs given in scrambled order.

lets

1 The meeting was so long it ____________ miss my flight. What a nuisance!

let

2 I can’t ____________ the children to sleep at bed-time. They never seem to be tired.

made

3 I wouldn’t have ____________ him stay if I had known he wanted to chat all night.

got

4 My boss ____________ me do a lot of overtime on Mondays, but I don’t mind.

get

5 Our father never ____________ us watch television after 9 o’clock.

makes

6 Thankfully, the landlady ____________ the plumber to fix the heating.

❸

Complete the sentences with to or an X where not necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

The performance was really amusing. It made us _________ laugh and laugh.

Please let me _________ know when you have repaired the washing machine.

We were all waiting for the mayor _________ make a speech.

Could I _________ borrow your hose to water the plants?

Don’t be too severe with him. I’m sure he was made _________ do it.

It would be better for you not _________ sunbathe for so long.

It was hard, but in the end we got dad _________ buy us a new tablet.

It’s difficult for me _________ understand the reason for his behaviour.

I want to see you _________ improve your work over the next few months.

We have arranged for a taxi _________ pick you up at the airport.

You are allergic to strawberries. You’d better not _________ eat the cake.

It was inconsiderate of you not _________ invite all your relatives.

❹

Choose the correct alternative.

1 Let / Make me help you with your luggage. It’s too heavy for you to carry.

2 Emma’s so shy, but why don’t you get her to / X play something for us?

3 Charlie seems to / X be disappointed in you. What’s happened?

130 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

4 I needn’t to / X go to the supermarket, we’re going to the restaurant tonight.

5 The government is unlikely to / X agree to their demands for independence.

6 Annie got / made her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible.

7 Don’t let / make me tell you again! I’ll never make / let you drive my car.

8 It was impolite of you to / X leave in the middle of the anniversary party.

9 I’d like to / X remind you that I’m not used to / X taking orders.

10 The baby boy had been abandoned, so he had to / X be taken to an orphanage.

❺

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 Mr Proust _____________ the bank to secure him a loan. a got b made

c let

2 We _____________ wear a uniform at school last year. a had b were made to

c must have

3 I’ll give you a key so that you can _____________ the cat out. a have b let c leave 4 It’s going to be a tiring excursion. You _____________ come. a had better not to b had better c had better not 5 Our relatives _____________ to arrive at 9. a are going b should

c are used

6 You’re hopeless. This job _____________ finished hours ago. a must have been b could have c ought to have been

❻

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 I always feel uncomfortable when I wear this skirt.

This skirt makes ____________________ uncomfortable.

2 The majority of citizens was shocked when the President resigned.

Most citizens didn’t expect ____________________ resign.

3 To translate from German into English is more challenging than vice versa.

It is ____________________ from German into English than vice versa.

4 She needs to train a lot if she wants take part in the competition.

It’s necessary ____________________ a lot if she wants take part in the competition 5 Why do your parents never allow you to stay out at night?

Why do your parents never let ____________________ at night?

6 Say what you like, but I don’t think it is interesting to watch cricket.

Say what you like, but in my opinion cricket ____________________ to watch.

7 She convinced her husband to spend the weekend in a spa.

She got ____________________ the weekend in a spa.

8 I’m afraid that operating this machine might be difficult.

I’m afraid it won’t be ____________________ this machine.

131 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Verbs followed by the -ing form and/or to-infinitive

❶

Decide if the verbs in the tables are followed by the -ing form or to-infinitive.

Verbs 1 order 2 deny 3 refuse 4 risk 5 promise 6 invite

❷

+ -ing form

+ to-infinitive Y

Y

Verbs 7 involve 8 beg 9 keep (on) 10 fancy 11 warn 12 finish

+ -ing form

+ to-infinitive

Match the sentences.

1 We’re looking forward to

a being patient, but firm.

1

2 We do insist on

b seeing you again.

2

3 Can you manage to finish

c falling off the ladder.

3

4 I couldn’t resist

d us asking silly questions.

4

5 Would you mind

e typing the report by tomorrow?

5

6 Bringing up children involves

f

6

7 Our teacher can’t stand

g me being here while you work?

7

8 Be careful! You risk

h eating another piece of cake.

8

❸

you staying here for lunch.

Put the verb in brackets into the -ing form or to-infinitive.

1 I’m afraid Marvin will regret __________ (defend) that criminal.

2 Do you agree that love means never __________ (have) to say you’re sorry?

3 I’m trying __________ (cut) down on coffee but I can’t help __________ (drink) one after lunch.

4 Sue avoids __________ (buy) meat. She’s considering __________ (become) a vegetarian.

5 If you are driving alone in a car, do not stop __________ (pick) up hitch-hikers.

6 Do the Jacksons really mean __________ (rent) a flat in Somerset?

❹

Choose the alternative that has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1 We regret to inform you that the flight has been cancelled. a Sorry, we didn’t inform you. b We are informing you now.

2 Accepting that job will mean us changing house. a It will imply moving house. b We intend to move house.

3 I perfectly remember sending the attachment. a I sent it.

b I will send it.

4 Don’t forget to feed the budgies. You never remember. a You didn’t remember. b You must not forget.

5 Susan never fancied going out with Oscar. a She never enjoyed his company.

b She never disliked his company.

6 I can’t promise to be there on time. a I can’t keep you waiting.

b I’m not sure I’ll be punctual.

132 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

❺

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 Can you smell gas ___________ out of the boiler? b coming a come

c to come

2 I think I ___________ my arm tattoed. a will never have b will never make

c will never let

3 The student ___________ to copy the grammar rules 5 times. a was made b was let c was got 4 If the show is sold out, there’s no point ___________ ticket agencies. a to phone b in phoning c on phoning 5 I’m surprised you don’t remember ___________ her so much money. b borrowing c lending a to give 6 They got used ___________ in Canada in spite of the cold weather. b living c to living a to live 7 He begged her ___________, but she slammed the door and left. a to stay b staying c of staying 8 It’s funny how my scooter always refuses ___________ when I’m in a hurry. b to start c my starting a starting

❻

Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form, to-infinitive, or infinitive without to.

1 It’s pleasant ____________ (lie) in the sun ____________ (do) nothing.

2 Any idea on how ____________ (open) this tin without ____________ (use) a tin opener?

3 I didn’t imagine the news would have made her ____________ (suffer) so much.

4 It isn’t good for you ____________ (be) under stress so frequently. Why don’t you try ____________ (relax)?

5 This parcel isn’t for me but I’d like ____________ (know) what it contains.

6 Don’t forget this blouse needs ____________ (iron) with care.

7 He suggested ____________ (write) my application by hand.

8 My favourite past time is ____________ (read) detective stories. I enjoy ____________ (guess) who the murderer is.

9 I saw the man ____________ (jump) and ____________ (fall) from that window.

10 Oh, no! Not pizza again. I’d rather ____________ (have) something different for once.

11 When we were in Scotland we used ____________ (eat) salmon for breakfast.

12 When she saw him with his head shaved, she couldn’t help ____________ (laugh).

13 I was so busy ____________ (hoover) the carpet that I didn’t hear the bell.

14 Tell him he’d better not ____________ (worry). Everything’s going to be OK. 133 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Verbs and adjectives followed by prepositions

❶

Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

1 We’re hoping ____ a victory in tomorrow’s match. | 2 We’ve never met, but you remind me ____ someone I used to know. | 3 David called me to congratulate me ____ my recent success. | 4 As you get older, you start to take pleasure ____ the simpler things. | 5 The marketing team consists ____ Michael, Dani and me. | 6 My teacher shouted ____ me for being late. | 7 Paul insisted ____ paying for the whole meal. | 8 I’m writing an email to thank Sarah ____ all her hard work. | 9 Later this afternoon, the police will charge him ____ attempted murder. | 10 He was arrested for taking part ____ a violent protest. | 11 She was upset because she had been dismissed ____ her role as director. | 12 I like Clarissa, but I strongly disagree ____ her on politics.

❷

Complete the sentences with the verbs given in scrambled order followed by the correct preposition. mistaken boasting smiled prepare apologize applying approve live

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

You should _________________ not coming to the wedding.

I can’t stand hearing my housemate _________________ his new car.

My contract ends soon, so I’ve started _________________ new jobs.

When I was a student I used to _________________ cereal and fast food.

I don’t _________________ the government’s new policies.

I’m often _________________ my sister. We look so similar.

Over the coming decades we must _________________ extreme weather.

A beautiful girl _________________ me as I was walking to work.

❸

Complete the sentences with the adjectives given in scrambled order followed by the correct preposition. anxious fond responsible crowded ashamed suitable

❹

1 2 3 4 5 6

I didn’t use to like Richard, but I’m quite __________ him now.

I’m afraid we still can’t find anyone who is __________ this important position.

Can you tell me who is __________ organizing meetings?

When I look back, I feel quite __________ my bad behaviour in my youth.

Jeremy seems very __________ his audition tomorrow.

We couldn’t really enjoy the exhibition because it was __________ tourists.

Complete the email with the correct prepositions.

Dear Mary, I am writing to congratulate you (1) _________ your new job. I heard about it (2) _________ your brother. I know you’ve always wanted to be involved (3) _________ medical research so you must be very pleased (4) _________ yourself and satisfied (5) _________ your achievement.

I’ve always known that you were capable (6) _________ getting there, and that you would succeed (7) _________ whatever you put your mind to. If you want to ask me (8) _________ some advice, don’t hesitate – I’ve spent most of my career dealing (9) _________ doctors.

Take care (10) _________ yourself, Jerry 134 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Reported speech

❶

Choose the correct introductory verb and complete the sentences in reported speech.

1 “Yes, I’ll come with you,” Pamela claimed / suggested / confirmed.

Pamela _______________________________________________________ with us.

2 “I’m afraid my son told you a lie,” Mrs Welles threatened / admitted / denied.

Mrs Welles _______________________________________________________ me a lie.

3 “You’re making incredible progress,” the teacher said / regretted / reassured us.

The teacher _______________________________________________________ incredible progress.

4 “Can you respond to the email?” the boss ordered / asked / instructed his secretary.

The boss _______________________________________________________ to the email.

5 “I don’t know what Ann would like for her house-warming.” Ian wondered / decided / told.

Ian _______________________________________________________ for her house-warming.

6 “I’d have been on time if I hadn’t missed the bus.” Tim complained / explained / reported.

Tim _______________________________________________________ the bus.

❷

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

1 Don’t ____________ me they’ve brought the meeting forward again! a tell b say c assure 2 Have you any idea what time ____________ supposed to start? a is the performance b does the performance c the performance is 3 The chairman ____________ me about the new election rules. a explained b informed c said 4 Sue ____________ to me that the event had gone off very well. a complained b congratulated c pointed out 5 Pam suggested ____________ in at her place for a drink. a to call b calling c call 6 Why didn’t you remind me ____________ Marion a birthday present? a sending b of sending c to send

❸

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

1 “Workers must show their passes at the exit,” the notice said.

The notice instructed workers _____________________________________.

2 Zoe promised Brad not to be late the following morning.

“Listen, Brad. I assure you I _____________________________________,” Zoe promised.

3 Vera offered to show me the new spring collection.

“Would _____________________________________ the new spring collection?” Vera asked me.

4 ”I’m sorry I didn’t have time to give you a call yesterday.”

Alan apologized _____________________________________.

5 She refused to sit for the exam the following month.

She said: “No, I _____________________________________.”

6 Jack told Bess that he’d lend her his mobile for the afternoon.

Jack said to Bess: “I _____________________________________ for the afternoon.”

135 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION Phrasal verbs

❶

Underline the correct adverb / preposition.

1 We’ll go for a pizza unless you can come up / down with a better idea.

2 The residents are calling off / for a lower speed limit on this road.

3 Governments don’t like to carry off / out unpopular policies.

4 The photocopier has broken up / down and we’ll have to wait for the technician.

5 It’s getting harder and harder to bring about / up children.

6 The moon came round / out bathing the lake in silver light.

7 Who knows what that tramp carries on / about in all those plastic bags?

8 Adam’s out of / up to things to do to keep the youngsters amused.

9 If I’ve got time I’ll call at / on the post office this afternoon.

10 It was a hard piece to dance, but Rudolph carried it about / off beautifully.

❷

Complete the sentences with the adverbs / prepositions given in scrambled order. along

1 Cut ___________ cracking your knuckles, will you?

down

2 Explorers in the tropics often went ___________ with unknown diseases.

in

3 Don’t trust Frank. He often goes back ___________ what he says.

off

4 The fireworks went ___________ in a riot of colour and noise.

on

5 There’s so much work to get ___________ I don’t know if I’ll be able to come.

out

6 I get ___________ with most people so I rarely have rows.

through up

7 Years ago almost everybody gave something ____________ for Lent.

8 Will you please give ___________ your application forms at the office?

❸

Replace the parts in blue with the correct tense and construction of the phrasal verbs given in scrambled order. run into

sell out of

set back

take off

take on

take up

take to

turn down

turn down turn out

1 The plane left during a heavy thunderstorm and entered thick fog.

The plane ________________________ during a heavy thunderstorm and entered thick fog.

2 We need someone to be responsible for the job of treasurer.

We need someone ________________________ the job of treasurer.

3 The nightclub bouncer forced the drunk to leave.

The nightclub bouncer ________________________.

4 Because of the rainy weather the shop had no more umbrellas.

Because of the rainy weather the shop ________________________.

5 Be so good as to reduce the volume of the TV, would you?

Be so good as ________________________, would you?

6 I came to like life in New York over my first two months there.

I ________________________ life in New York over my first two months there.

136 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

7 Strong local opposition is delaying the plans for a new motorway.

Strong local opposition ________________________ the plans for a new motorway.

8 Do you think I should accept the offer or reject it?

Do you think I should accept the offer or ________________________?

9 I love my new dog but he occupies a lot of my time.

I love my new dog but he ________________________ a lot of my time.

10 It was a lovely surprise to meet Kate by chance in Bristol.

It was a lovely surprise ________________________ in Bristol.

❹

Choose the correct alternative.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Do you know anybody in Rome who could put me up / through for a night?

That lighter I was looking for turned over / up in my brother’s car.

Things become cheaper when they are turned out / on in millions.

In the end the workers gave out / in and agreed to the new conditions.

I’ll call on / at the chemist’s and collect your prescription.

You look hot. Why don’t you take off / in that heavy pullover?

Poor Hillary was so distraught that she broke up / down and sobbed her heart out.

It’s easy to mix an omelette. The difficult thing is turning it over / on.

This garden is a picture when all the spring flowers come out / up.

James took Pauline out / off to the cinema last Sunday.

❺

Choose the correct alternative.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

❻

Mrs Fletcher will be / put away from school on a course next month.

My team’s poor performance this year is getting / taking me down.

Local people are calling / falling for more speed traps on the ring road.

That’s a handy shoulder bag to carry / bring things about in.

One way to overcome temptation is to give / keep in to it.

If it took / were up to me, I’d choose to go to New York.

Gail’s gone / looked down with a tummy bug and will be at home for a week.

The secret police put / got the spy through a long interrogation.

Replace the verb in blue with the corresponding phrasal verb given in scrambled order. call off

get down to

give away

give back

put up

keep back

look over

put aside

take on

1 If you’ve finished reading it, could you return the paper please?

______________________

2 I think we should start work now. It’s high time.

______________________

3 How much do you think you have saved up to now?

______________________

4 Nowadays it’s difficult to even donate a second hand PC.

______________________

5 The singer had laryngitis so they had to cancel the concert.

______________________

6 The film was so sad it was difficult to suppress my tears.

______________________

7 Do me a favour – examine my maths solution, will you?

______________________

8 The local wine growers employ youngsters for the harvest.

______________________

9 The local greengrocer’s has increased prices.

______________________ 137

© Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

B2 GRAMMAR RECOGNITION ❼ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Choose the phrasal verb which has the same meaning as the one in blue. a a a a a a a a

If I’m late again I’ll have to invent a plausible excuse.

How can you tolerate this terrible music?

The trade unions have decided to stop negotiations.

Unemployment has decreased over the last few years.

Mr Jackson doesn’t want to abandon politics.

I have a good relationship with most people.

Watch for me at the stadium tomorrow.

Mr Beaver says I’m not ready to take the exam.

put up put up with break up gone down give in get over Look out for go in for

b b b b b b b b

make up keep up with break off turned down give up get along Look out on run over

❽

Lionel has finished school for the summer and is ready for his holidays. Complete his thoughts using the phrasal verbs given in scrambled order. breaking up

is calling for run over

keeps on taken in

looking forward to takes off

look out for

put off

will set out

I’ve been (1) _______________________ school (2) _______________________ for ages and now finally it’s June! Tomorrow I’m off to Majorca with my friend Bradley, who has been stressing my life no end this week. He must have (3) _______________________ the travel itinerary a hundred times to double check when our plane (4) _______________________ and what time we have to be at the airport by. Luckily I don’t have to worry about transport as Bradley’s dad (5) _______________________ me.

We (6) _______________________ really early because you need to be there two hours before your flight leaves. Everybody (7) _______________________ telling me that I must (8) _______________________ pickpockets in the departure hall and not be (9) _______________________ by people who offer to give me a hand with my luggage, talking of which I should really start packing. It’s something I detest and I always (10) _______________________ doing it till the very last minute.

138 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Connectors

❶

Choose the correct alternative.

1 As if / Even if I won the lottery, I wouldn’t quit my job. | 2 Paula’s wearing a T-shirt despite / although the cold weather. | 3 My brother is quite sporty, instead / whereas I’m more academic. | 4 If / Provided you forget your ID, you will not be able to board the plane. | 5 I’m tired, I’m not coming. Besides / Nonetheless, I’ve got to get up early tomorrow. | 6 Hurry up! By the time / Otherwise, we’ll be late. | 7 As long as / As soon as you study hard, you should pass the exam. | 8 However / While I largely agree with you, I think your conclusion is wrong.

❷

Choose the correct alternative.

1 My previous boss was rather aggressive. Furthermore / Conversely, my new boss is very easy-going. | 2 Dinner’s nearly ready. Meanwhile / Afterwards why don’t you help yourselves to some appetizers? | 3 I know Ben very well. On the other hand / As a matter of fact, we met at primary school. | 4 You must wear a helmet unless / in case you have a nasty accident. | 5 We lit a flare so that / in order to our rescuers could see us. | 6 Notwithstanding / Because of my doubts, the team decided to go ahead with the project.

❸

Complete the sentences with the connectors given in scrambled order.

Moreover

Alternatively

Consequently

Nonetheless

As

Incidentally

1 _____________ these biscuits were on special offer, I bought twenty packets.

2 My girlfriend can be pretty selfish sometimes. _____________, I love her unconditionally.

3 The school will be closed on Monday. ____________, there will not be any lessons.

4 We have the option of taking the train. _____________, we could travel by coach.

5 Michael is the best man for the job because he has the most experience. ____________, he gave the most impressive interview.

6 I’m glad you liked Sarah. ____________, did you know she used to be my boss?

❹

Complete the email with the connectors given in scrambled order.

unless

what is more

for example

even though

in spite of

therefore

Hi George, I’m writing to complain about my recent experiences with your team. (1) ______________ my instructions, they started a week early, which meant I was unable to fully review the objectives.

(2) ______________, I was deeply unimpressed with the attitude which they displayed towards me. (3) ______________, they refused to come into the office on Saturdays (4) ______________ they had been informed repeatedly that they would be required to work on weekends.

(5) ______________, I regret to tell you that I will not renew my contract. (6) ______________ you instil some order into your employees, I’m afraid your reputation will only continue to suffer.

Yours, Melanie 139 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

140 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

141 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

142 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

143 © Casa Editrice G. Principato SpA

Responsabile editoriale Samantha Papaianni Redazione e ricerca iconografica Paola Bollani Progetto grafico e copertina Giuseppina Vailati Canta Impaginazione Marinella Carzaniga Referenze iconografiche UE - Unione europea / ICP Online / Shutterstock Tutte le altre immagini provengono dall’Archivio Principato.

Immagine di copertina Shutterstock Per l’erogazione delle verifiche in formato CBT l’opera utilizza la piattaforma bSmart Test (https://test.bsmart.it) di bSmart Labs srl.

Gli autori desiderano ringraziare Paola Bollani per l’attenzione, la professionalità e l’impegno profusi nella realizzazione dell’opera.

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I testi e le immagini relativi a prodotti e aziende presenti in questo volume sono da intendersi come esemplificazione a scopo didattico secondo le norme del Codice di Autoregolamentazione del settore editoriale educativo dell’Associazione Italiana Editori.

IN progress + Answer Key and Scripts ISBN 978-88-416-4374-7 Prima edizione: ottobre 2018 Ristampe 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 VI V IV III II I * Printed in Italy © 2018 – Proprietà letteraria riservata. È vietata la riproduzione, anche parziale, con qualsiasi mezzo effettuata, compresa la fotocopia, anche ad uso interno o didattico, non autorizzata. Le fotocopie per uso personale del lettore possono essere effettuate nei limiti del 15% di ciascun volume dietro pagamento alla SIAE del compenso previsto dall’art. 68, commi 4 e 5, della legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633. Le riproduzioni per finalità di carattere professionale, economico o commerciale o comunque per uso diverso da quello personale, possono essere effettuate a seguito di specifica autorizzazione rilasciata da CLEARedi (Centro licenze e autorizzazioni per le riproduzioni editoriali), corso di Porta Romana 108, 20122 Milano, e-mail autorizzazioni@clearedi.org e sito web www.clearedi.org.

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