September 11, 2002

Wednesday, September 11,2002

Partly Cloudy High 91, Low 56 www.chronicle.duke.edu V01.98, No. 15

The Chronicle I

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Looking back Members of the Duke community consider how the campus has changed since the Sept. 11 attacks.

See supplement inside

THE INDEPENDENT DAILY AT DUKE UNIVERSITY

One year later, nation remembers tragedy

By JANNY SCOTT

New York Times News Service

One year after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon killed 3,025 people, plunging the United States into war and a suddenly fearsome future, the country marks the anniversary of Sept. 11 today in countless public ceremonies and private moments, expressions of patriotism and what for some is a deep desire to turn the page.

Even as new intelligence information and threats of terrorism reminiscent of ones detected a year earlier prompted President George W. Bush’s administration Tuesday to put the country on high alert, Americans are going ahead with plans for memorial services, bagpipe processions, peace vigils, prayer services, tree plantings and commemorations of every imaginable sort.

From ground zero to the Southern California coastline, bells will toll, candles will burn, doves will wing their way skyward. Surfers will paddle out into the Pacific at dawn and drop trade center ashes. There will be cannon volleys and 21-gun salutes and choirs singing Mozart’s “Requiem” from one time zone to the next in a “rolling requiem” circling the globe.

In New York City, the daylong observance includes a citywide moment of silence at 8:46 a.m., when the first plane hit the trade center, and church bells will toll at 10:29 a.m., when the second tower collapsed.

Relatives of many of the 2,801 trade center victims will carry roses onto the site. Bush will address the country from Ellis Island at 9 p.m. New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg is urging everyone to light a candle at 7:12 p.m., sundown.

At the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., more than 13,000 people are expected to turn out for a memorial ceremony at the Phoenix Project construction site, where workers are still repairing the section of a building that was damaged. There, too, will be a moment of silence, as well as the national anthem, a recitation of See ANNIVERSARY on page 7

NEW YORK CITY FIREFIGHTER Sean O’Malley hangs flags in memory of six members of his company who died in the attacks

University plans somber tone for campus day of remembrance

By WHITNEY BECKETT and ALEX GARINGER The Chronicle

One year after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks shook the nation and brought life at Duke to a sudden halt, the University will commemorate the anniversary with a day filled with academic and spiritual events, all with a somber and respectful tone.

Last year’s events have impacted almost all aspects oflife on campus, which The Chronicle today details in

an enclosed supplement. From bioterrorism research to blood donations, the University’s last year has bared the scars ofSept. 11.

Despite the changes, however, a quiet sense of normalcy has returned to life and work at Duke. Just as classes continued throughout Sept. 11 last year, they

will remain uninterrupted today, with professors enSee CAMPUS REMEMBERS on page 12

Bowles, Dole cruise to victory in Senate primaries

By RUTH CARLITZ and JOSH NIMOCKS The Chronicle

The U.S. Senate primaries and Durham County elections held few surprises Tuesday night, with the Senate race’s front-runners boasting decisive victories and mostly incumbents winning the Democratic nominations for the five county commissioner seats.

Elizabeth Dole, Woman’s College ’5B, won the Republican nomination for the Senate with more than 80 percent of the vote. Erskine Bowles defeated Dan Blue, Law ’73, for the Democratic nomination with a plurality of just under 50 percent. Former Durham City Council member Mary Jacobs was the only challenger to capture the Democratic nominationfor a seat on the Durham County Board of Commissioners, along with all four incumbents running for reelection.

“This is certainly a great victory for Mrs. Dole,” said Mary Brown Brewer, a campaign spokesperson. “It speaks to the strong grassroots campaign she has run across the state.”

Dole will go on to face Bowles, who was the Democratic primary front-runner, in November.

The highly contested nature of the primary might hinder the Democratic party’s chances in the general election, said Jeff Gnecco, Law ’O3, who has been working on the Bowles campaign as co-chair of the Durham County Political Committee.

But he said he felt that Democrats would pull together, and praised Bowles for running a positive campaign. “He promised on the first day of his campaign irflp Iinside

Divinity School faculty members discusse at a forum 7Uesc jay how Christians have reacted over the year since the terrorist attacks. See page 3

that he wouldn’t say a single bad thing about the other candidates, and he hasn’t,” Gnecco said.

Mayor Bill Bell, a Democrat, also said he expected to see a unified party as the race moves to its final stage. “All candidates have pledged to support the winner. [There’s] nothing to be gained by going separate ways,” he said. “I think nationally, North Carolina is going to get a lot ofattention.”

In Durham County’s elections, four of the five current County Commissioners—Joe Bowser, Philip Cousin, Becky Heron and Ellen Reckhow—won in the Democratic primary and will move on to the general election in November with Jacobs. No Republicans ran in the primary, so the results will most likely be mirrored in the general election, although five Libertarian candidates are also running.

Bowser said the biggest issue facing the county will be dealing with the state’s budget cuts.

“Finances will be at the top of the list with what the state has been doing to us,” Bowser said. He cited economic development as another issue, saying the county should focus on developing the inner city while cutting back on development on the city’s outskirts. “I think that area [near the Streets at Southpoint mall] has been maxed out.”

Heron agreed with Bowser that budget cuts will be the focus ofattention for the county, with $9 million in taxes withheld by the state. She also said the commis-

The low-carbohydrate Atkins diet proved to be an effective weight loss method in a Medical Center study, but doctors are still hesitant to recommend it. See page 4

See PRIMARIES on page 8 The football team plans to name a room in the new Yoh Football Center after Rob Lenoir, a former player who died in the Sept. 11 attacks. See page 9

World & Nation

PAGE 2 �WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

Bush upgrades national alert status

NEWS BRIEFS •

Senate provides drought relief

The Senate voted overwhelmingly Tuesday to provide almost $6 billion for ranchers and farmers battered by the drought, ignoring President George W. Bush’s objections.

•

Blair delivers ultimatum to Iraq

British Prime Minister Tony Blair insisted Tuesday that Iraq comply with United Nations resolutions to disarm its weapons of mass destruction or “action will follow.”

•

Problems still plague Florida polls

Florida held its first statewide election since spending $3O million to upgrade its voting system, but voting machines still malfunctioned and polls were understaffed, leaving large numbers of voters frustrated.

Justice Department takes Stewart Case

•

The congressional committee examining Martha Stewart’s sale of ImClone stock turned the matter over to the Justice Department to determine whether Stewart caused false representations about her trading.

Officials discover terrorist plot in Asia

•

American intelligence investigators have uncovered a terrorist plot to attack U.S. embassies in Southeast Asia. Some embassies and consulates in Indonesia and Malaysia were suddenly closed

FINANCIAL MARKETS

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NASDAQ Up 15.49 at 1320.09

“These acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of America’s resolve.”

President George W. Bush -

4 4 4

The pr

By RON FOURNIER The Associated Press

The adminisWASHINGTON tration of President George W. Bush

raised the nationwide terror alert to its second-highest level, closed nine U.S. embassies overseas and heightened security at federal buildings and landmarks in America as new intelligence warned of car bombings, suicide attacks and other strikes linked to the Sept. 11 anniversary.

Americans were urged Tuesday to be alert but unbowed—go to work, to school, on trips—despite specific threats against U.S. interests abroad and less credible concerns that terrorists might attack America again.

After a hectic series of telephone calls and late-night meetings, Bush’s top advisers decided Monday to recommend raising the level from code yellow—“significant risk” of attack—to code orange—a “high risk.” Bush met twice with the advisers Tuesday morning, the last time in the top-secret Situation Room, before telling them, “Let’s do it.”

Despite no evidence of a plot against the United States, the Sept.

11 anniversary and

intelligence

gathered in the last 48 hours—some from a high-ranking al Qaeda operatives—prompted the decision. Tom Ridge, Bush’s homeland security director, said plans for multiple at-

tacks on U.S. targets in southeast Asia were in “an operational phase.”

Code orange is the highest alert level imposed since the system was established in March. The only higher status, code red, reflects a severe risk of attack on U.S. soil based on

credible evidence.

“The threats that we have heard recently remind us of the pattern of threats we heard prior to Sept. 11,” Bush said on the eve of the anniversary. “We have no specific threat to America, but we’re taking everything seriously.”

From immigration officers to meat See ALERT on page 7

Arafat pledges to cease civilian attacks

By MARK LAVIE

News briefs compiled from wire reports.

Up 83.23 at 8602.61

Sept. 11 anniversary, new threats heighten fears of renewed terrorist attacks

The Associated Press

Tuesday.

DOW

The Chronicle

JERUSALEM Yasser Arafat’s Fatah movement pledged for the first time Tuesday to try to stop attacks on Israeli civilians by its militiamen, creating a small opening for a truce. Other militant groups said attacks will continue.

A Fatah leader, however, cast doubt on the statement, and Israeli officials dismissed it as giving tacit approval for attacks on Israeli soldiers and settlers in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, The statement came a day after Arafat spoke to the Palestinian Legislative Council at his headquarters in Ramallah, and repeated his call for an end to attacks on Israeli civilians. In the past, West Bank Fatah activists have defied such calls and continued attacks.

Early Wednesday, Israeli tanks and troops moved into

Blue Roach

northern Gaza, Palestinians said, taking control ofthe town of Beit Lahiya and part of Beit Hanoun. The Israeli forces included bulldozers, indicating they planned to knock down structures. There was some gunfire, but no casualties were reported. The Israeli military had no immediate comment.

Meanwhile, senior Israeli and Palestinian officials met to discuss measures to ease tensions. Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and Palestinian Cabinet Minister Saeb Erekat, a confidant of Arafat, headed the two teams. Palestinian Trade Minister Maher el-Masri said the meeting produced no results.

A statement from Peres’ office said that in the next few days, the two sides will discuss a Palestinian proposal that Israel withdraw its forces from the section of Hebron that was returned to the Palestinians under the 1990s interim accords but later reoccupied by Israel.

Poetry Series

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This invitation is extended to ALL who would like to remember September 11th through

a-

sharing ofpoetry, music, Su Love, come express your emotions, pain, sources of ,

encouragement, etc. on this memorial day When: Wednesday, September 11th, 2002 Time: 8-10 pm Where: East Campus Coffeehouse

[Crowell Bldg) Sponsored by the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture

College Smokers Help yourself and others Researchers at Duke University Medical Center would like college smokers age 18-24 to share their opinions about smoking and quitting. If you complete this study you will be paid $3O. We can schedule at your convenience.

For further information, and to see if you qualify, please call 919-956-5644.

Duke University Medical Center

The Chronicle

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 � PAGE

3

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Duke Student Government held its legislative elections Tuesday, electing 36 representatives; 14 at-large seats remain to be filled. About 30 percent of students voted, a slight decline from last year, and Attorney General Will Fagan said he has received no complaints about the election so far. No legislator was elected from North Campus.

West Courtney Baron Sarah Bratton Mac Conforti Kirstin Hopkins Meri Levy Devon Patel

Emily Brady Avery Capone Feben Girma Randy Hunt Graham McWhorter Malavika Prabhu Anthony Vitarelli Donald Wine

Andrew Steinberg Mimi Wachendorf Andrew Wisnewski

Brenda Bautsch Steven Choi Russ Ferguson Brandon Goodwin Kathleen Greene Philip Lea Yousef Mian Jessica Ogbonnaya Pete Salvadore Jennifer Williams Stacey Yee

ALEX GARINGER/THE CHRONICLE

ELLEN DAVIS, associate professor in the Divinity School, speaks at a forum Tuesday about the way the terrorist attacks have affected Christians at Duke and nationwide.

Panel looks at Sept. 11, religion

By KIRA ROSOFF The Chronicle

One day before the anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks, a panel of faculty members from the Divinity School discussed how Duke’s Christian community might reflect on its work and life together a year later.

The discussion, moderated by Gregory Jones, dean ofthe Divinity School, opened with a hymn and prayer, then a reading by Sally Bates, chaplain of the school, from the gospel of John.

“A year ago, Pope John Paul II called this ‘an unspeakable horror,’ yet we have been speaking about it since then,” Bates said. “The problem with words is they are inadequate.”

Nate Jenkins Avery Reaves

Brian Stuart

Alex Barna Alex Niejelow

Ellinor Coder Raymond Stoney

Carlton Rand

SCHOIDRSHIPS Information meeting for Juniors intending to pursue a career in public service Wednesday, September 11

4:00 pm 158 Physics Bldg. http://www.aas.duke.edu/trlnlty/scholarshlps/

The panel included Ellen Davis, Emmanuel Katongole, Bill Turner and Will Willimon, who are Episcopalian, Catholic, Baptist and Methodist, respectively.

Davis, an associate professor in the school, spoke about the ways in which her prayers have changed over the past year.

“I am not finding [my original prayer] useful,” said Davis, who teaches on the Bible and practical theology.

The prayer she said has been the most comforting is

the Jewish Kaddish, a prayer by mourners that never speaks of the mourners’ own losses. The final prayer she mentioned, Psalm 46, was the first prayer she said last year after hearing about the tragedy, but said since that time it has developed a new meaning for her.

Katongole, a visiting assistant professor of divini-

ty, criticized the media’s “oversaturation” of the word

terrorism. “[Sept. 11] may become the new excuse of not seeing the real concerns of the world,” said Katongole, a Uganda native. “How can we five in a global community when people five on $1 a day, the life span in some parts of the world is around 40 years and the world’s four richest people are richer than the 40 poorest countries?”

Although his concerns from before the tragedy had only intensified, Turner—an associate professor of the practice in the Divinity School—said a year ago he began to question how best to preach the gospel in the wake of the horror.

“The church can ill afford to be a ventriloquist’s dummy for the state,” Turner explained. “The lips See FORUM on page 8

Health PAGE 4

II

iiiSIDE THE HEALTH SYSTEM

Researchers at the Medical Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute have discovered a previously unknown class of metabolic “switches" in yeast called G proteins. If the proteins, which control the body's complex “switchboard” of metabolic pathways, are present in humans, they may lead to new drug development strategies for diseases like diabetes, alcoholism and heart disease.

•

Grant supports health provider diversity

The Medical Center will receive a $1.5 million grant from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation as part of a $3.6 million program designed to increase the diversity of America's healthcare providers. The School of Medicine also plans to form a blue-ribbon panel to raise awareness of the lack of diversity in the medical profession, which has been linked to higher mortality rates among minorities by the National Institute of Medicine.

AROUND THE WORLD •

Donor cells may help prevent disease

A study of a boy who received a bone marrow transplant at age one and was later found, at age 12, to have developed muscular dystrophy may paradoxically lead to new methods of treating the disease. The research confirms that human donor cells can be incorporated into a recipient’s muscle fibers, so that if enough donor cells are delivered efficiently to the muscle fibers in a patient’s body, they may provide a treatment for the disease. The result had been previously shown with mice.

•

Pilots attempt space entry by balloon

Two English pilots plan to rise 25 miles above the Earth —at the edge of space—in a lighterthan-air balloon as tall as the Empire State Building. Being referred to as the “first British space mission,” the attempt will shatter the current world altitude record, and will require the use of space suits as protection against the thin air. During the mission, the pilots plan to monitor cosmic rays and collect small airborn particles for scientific study.

News briefs compiled from staffand wire reports

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0

The Chronicle

Research supports Atkins diet theory � The low-carbohydrate diet aids in weight loss, say researchers at the Medical Center, but concerns remain about its safety.

By LIANA WYLER The Chronicle

An apple a day may keep the doctor away, but it will not keep the weight away, according to the Atkins diet theory.

Adored by celebrities, attempted by college students and now tested by

clinical studies at the Medical Center, the low-carbohydrate Atkins diet, is growing—albeit controversially—in popularity. The research, published in The American Journal of Medicine, was the first to test the diet in more than 20 years.

The six-month study consisted of 50 moderately overweight volunteers, with an average body mass index of 31. Over 80 percent of the volunteers completed the diet, on average losing approximately 10 percent of their body weight.

“The successful results of this study will help us continue to demystify the diet,” said Dr. Eric Westman, associate professor ofgeneral internal

medicine at the Medical Center and

principal investigator for the study.

Patients were allowed to eat an unlimited amount of bacon, eggs and meat, while their carbohydrate consumption was restricted to 25 grams per day—the equivalent of three sticks of non-sugarless gum. Fruit, rice, pasta and bread were completely

eliminated from the patients’ diet, but low-carbohydrate vegetables such as asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower and

lettuce were allowed in moderation.

Although a 1980s study ofthe Atkins diet reported an increase in the dieters’

levels of cholesterol, the most recent study, which was funded by the Atkins Foundation, suggests the opposite.

“The cholesterol levels we recorded

IDEAL CUT D AMQNDS

0

Science

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

New proteins may aid drug treatments

•

&

EATING LOW-CARBOHYDRATE FOODS like salad may lead to weight loss without moderation of other foods, says a new study on the Atkins diet done at the Medical Center. decreased across the board,” said Dr. William Yancy, an associate in the department of general internal medicine

and lead author of the study, who added that the percentage of highdensity lipoprotein or “good” cholesterol increased.

“We also noticed... a decrease in the level of triglycerides,” he said.

In addition, researchers observed that exercising was not necessary for the patients to lose weight. “Whether or not they exercised didn’t seem to affect how much weight they lost,” Yancy said. Although the doctors rec-

ommended that patients exercise three times a week for 30 minutes, only half of them actually did.

Limiting daily calorie consumption was not required to lose weight either.

While other diets restrict calories, patients on the Atkins diet can eat as much of anything as they want, aside from carbohydrates.

“On their own, [however], they were able to reduce their caloric intake to 1,400 to 1,500 calories per day,” Westman said.

See ATKINS DIET on page 7

The Chronicle

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 � PAGE 5

Depo-Provera is 99.7% effective.

Not only is Depo-Provera 99.7% effective, but

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You shouldn't use Depo-Provera if you could be pregnant,

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See what Depo-Provera is all about.

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PAGE 6 � WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

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This product is intended to prevent pregnancy. It does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases.

What is DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

Injection is a fomn of birth control that is given as an intramuscular injection (a shot) in the buttock or upper arm once every 3 months (13 weeks). To continue your contraceptive protection, you must return for your next injection promptly at the end of 3 months fl3 weeks). DEPO-PROVERA contains medroxyprogesterone acetate, a chemical similar to (but not the same as) the natural hormone progesterone, which is produced by your ovaries during the second half of your menstrual cycle. DEPO-PROVERa acts by preventing your egg cells from ripening. If an egg is not released from the ovaries during your menstruaf cycle, it cannot become fertilized by sperm and result in pregnancy. DEPO-PROVERA also causes changes in the lining of your uterus that make it less likely for pregnancy to occur.

How effective is DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

The efficacy of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection depends on following the recommended dosage schedule exactly (see "How often do I get my shot of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Inaction?’). To make sure you are not pregnant when you first get DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection, your first injection must be given ONLY during the first 5 days of a normal menstrual period: ONLY within the first 5 days after childbirth if not breast-feeding; and. if exclusively breast-feeding, ONLY at the sixth week after childbirth. It is a long-term injectable contraceptive when administered at 3-month (13-week) intervals.

DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection is over 99% effective, making it one of the most reliable methods of birth control available. This means that the average annual pregnancy rate is less than one for every 100 women who use DEPO-PROVERA. The effectiveness of most contraceptive methods depends in part on how reliably each woman uses the method. The effectiveness of DEPO-PROVERA depends only on the patient returning every 3 months (13 weeks) for her next injection. Your health-care provider will help you compare DEPO-PROVERA with other contraceptive methods and give you the information you need in order to decide which contraceptive method is the nght choice for you.

DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive

The following table shows the percent of women who got pregnant while using different kinds of contraceptive methods. It gives both the lowest expected rate of pregnancy (the rate expected in women who use each method exactly as it should be used) and the typical rate of pregnancy (which includes women who became pregnant because they forgot to use their birth control or because they did not follow the directions exactly).

Percent of Women Experiencing an Accidental Pregnancy in the First Year of Continuous Use

Lowest

Method

Expected

DEPO-PROVERA

Implants (Norplant) Female sterilization Male sterilization

Oral contraceptive (pill) Combined

Progestogen

only

Condom (without spermicide) Diaphragm(with spermicide) Cervical c

Withdrawal Periodic abstinence Spermicide alone

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asthma

epilepsy (convulsions or seizures) diabetes or a family history of diabetes

a history of depression if you are taking any prescription or over-the-countermedications This product is intended to prevent pregnancy. It does not protect against transmission of HIV (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, and syphilis.

•

•

What if 1 want to become pregnant after using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

Because DEPO-PROVERA is a long-acting birth control method, it takes some time after your last injection for its effect to wear off. Biased on the results from a large study done in the United States, for women who stop using DEPO-PROVERA in order to become pregnant it is expected that about half of those who become pregnant will do so in about 10 months after their last injection: about two thirds of those who become pregnant will do so in about 12 months; about 8396 of those who become pregnant will do so in about 15months; and about 9396 of those who become pregnant will do so in about 18 months after their last injection. The length of time you use DEPO-PROVERA has no effect on how long it takesyou to become pregnant after you stop using it What are the risks of using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

1.Irregular Menstrual Bleeding The side effect reported most frequently by women who use DEPO-PROVERA for contraception is a change in their normal menstrual cycle. During the first year of using DEPO-PROVERA, you might have one or more of the following changes: irregular or unpredictable bleeding or spotting, an increase or decrease in menstrual bleeding, or no bleeding at all. Unusually heavy or continuous bleeding, however is not a usual effect of DEPO-PROVERA; and if this happens, you should see your health-care provider right away. With continued use of DEPO-PROVERA bleeding usually decreases, and many women stop having periods completely.

In clinical studies of DEPO-PROVERA, 5596 of the women studied reported no menstrual bleeding (amenorrhea) after I year of use, and 6896 of the women studied reported no menstrual bleeding after 2 years of use. The reason that your periods stop is because DEPO-PROVERA causes a resting state in your ovaries. When your ovaries do not release an egg monthly, the regular monthly growth of the lining of your uterus does not occur and, therefore, the bleeding that comes with your normal menstruation does not take place. When you stop using DEPO-PROVERA your menstrual period will usually, in time, return to its normal cycle.

2 Bone Mineral Changes Use of DEPO-PROVERA may be associated with a decrease in the amount of mineral stored in vour bones. This could increase your risk of developing bone fractures. The rate of bone mineral loss is greatest in the early years of DEPO-PROVERA use, but after that it begins to resemble the normaf rate of age-related bone mineral loss.

3.Cancer Studies of women who have used different forms of contraception found that women who used DEPO-PROVERA for contraception had no increased overall risk of developing cancer of the breast, ovary, uterus, cervix, or liver. However women under 35 years of age whose first exposure to DEPO-PROVERA was within the previous 4 to 5 years may have a slightlypncreased risk of

developing breast cancer similarto that seen with oral contraceptives. You should

Gynecol.

1990:76:550-567.

Norplant* package insert.

Who should not use DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

Not all women should use DEPO-PROVERA. You should not use DEPO-PROVERA if you have any of the following conditions: if you think you might be pregnant if you have any vaginal bleeding without a known reason •

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discuss this

with

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used after childbirth :e.

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your health-care provider

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Because DEPO-PROVERA is such an effective contraceptive method, the risk of accidental pregnancy for women who get their shots regularly (every 3 months [l3 weeks]) is very low.

While there have been reports of an increased risk of low birth weight and neonatal infant death or other health problems in infants conceived close to the time of injection, sQch pregnancies are uncommon. If you think you may have become pregnant while using DEPO-PROVERA for contraception, see your health-care provider as soon as possible.

S.Allergic Reactions Some women using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection have reported severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reactions known as anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions.

Symptoms include the sudden onset of hives or swelling and itching of the skin, breathing difficulties, and a drop in blood pressure.

d.Other Risks Women who use hormone-based contraceptives may have an increased risk of blood clots or stroke. Also, if a contraceptive method fails, there is a possibility that the fertilized egg will begin to develop outside of the uterus (ectopic pregnancy). While these events are rare, you should tell your health-care provider if you have any of the problems listed in the next section.

What symptoms may signal problems while using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

Call your health-care provider immediately if any of these problems occur following an injection of DEPO-PROVERA: sharp chest pain, coughing up of blood, or sudden shortness of breath (indicating a possible clot in the lung) sudden severe headache or vomiting, dizziness or fainting, problems with your eyesight or speech, weakness, or numbness in an arm or leg (indicating a possible stroke) severe pain or swelling in the calf (indicating a possible clot in the leg) unusually heavy vaginal bleeding severe pain or tenderness in the lower abdominal area persistent pain, pus. or bleeding at the injection site What are the possible side effects of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

I .Weight Gain You may experience a weight gain while you are using DEPO-PROVERA. About two thirds of the women who used DEPO-PROVERA in clinical trials reported a weight gain of about 5 pounds during the first year of use. You mav continue to gain weight after the first year Women in one large study who used DEPO-PROVERA for 2 years gained an average total of 8.1 pounds over those 2 years, or approximately 4 pounds per year. Women who continued for 4 years gained an average total of 13,8 pounds over those 4 years, or approximately 3.5 pounds per year Women who continued for 6 years gained an average total of 16.5 pounds over those 6 years, or approximately 2.75 pounds per year.

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2.Other Side

Effects

In a clinical study of over 3,900 women who used DEPO-PROVERA for up to 7 years, some women reported the following effects that may or may not have been related to their use of DEPO-PROVERA: Irregular menstrual bleeding, amenorrhea, headache, nervousness, abdominal cramps, dizziness, weakness or fatigue, decreased sexual desire, leg cramps, nausea, vaginal discharge or irritation, breast swelling and tenderness, bloating, swelling of the hands or feet, backache, depression, insomnia, acne, pelvic pain, no hair growth or excessive hair loss, rash, hot flashes, and joint pain. Other problems were reported by very few of the women in the clinical trials, but some of these could be serious. "These include convulsions, jaundice, urinary tract infections, allergic reactions, fainting, paralysis, osteoporosis, lack of return to fertility, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, breast cancer or cervical cancer If these or any other problems occur during your use of DEPO-PROVERA, discuss them with your health-care provider.

Should any precautions be followed during use of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

I .Missed Periods During the time you are using DEPO-PROVERA for contraception, you may skip a period, or your periods may stop completely. If you have been receiving your DEPO-PROVERA injections regularly every 3 months (13 weeks), then you are probably not pregnant However if you think that you may be pregnant see your health-care provider 2.Laboratory Test Interactions If you are scheduled for any laboratory tests, tell your health-care provider that you are using DEPO-PROVERA for contraception. Certain blood tests are affected by hormones such as

DEPO-PROVERA

3.

Interactions Cytadren (aminoglutethimide) is an anticancer drug that may significantly decrease effectiveness of DEPO-PROVERA if the two drugs are given during the same time.

the

Mothers Although DEPO-PROVERA can

4.

g

be passed to the nursing infant in the breast milk, no harmful effects have been found in these children. DEPO-PROVERA does not prevent the breasts from producing milk, so it can be used by nursing mothers. However to minimize the amount of DEPO-PROVERA that is passed to the infant in the first weeks after birth, you should wait until 6 weeks after childbirth before you start using DEPO-PROVERA for contraception.

How often do I get my shot of DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

The recommended dose of DEPO-PROVERA is 150 mg every 3 months (13 weeks) given in a single intramuscular injection in the buttock or upper arm. Jo make sure that you are not pregnant at the time of the first injection, it is essential that the injection be given ONLY during the first 5 days of a normal menstrual period. If used following the delivery of a child, the first injection of DEPO-PROVERA MUST be given within 5 days after childbirth if you are not breast-feeding or 6 weeks after childbirth if you are exclusively breast-feeding. If you wait longer than 3 months (13 weeks) between injections, or longer than 6 weeks after delivery, your health-care provider should determine that you are not pregnant before giving you your injection ofDEPO-PROVERA. Rx only

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What other things should I consider before using DEPO-PROVERA Contraceptive Injection?

You will have a physical examination before your doctor prescribes DEPO-PROVERA. It is important to tell your health-care provider if you have any of the following: a family history of breast cancer an abnormal mammogram (breast x-ray), fibrocystic breast disease, breast nodules or lumps, or bleeding from your nipples kidney disease irregular or scanty menstrual periods high blood pressure migraine headaches •

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The Chronicle

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11,

ANNIVERSARY the Pledge ofAllegiance, and an Air Force flyover.

While some workplaces were expected to close, many people wanted to work. Some said they would mark the anniversary quietly, in personal ways on the job. Kristin Liggett, a 25-year-old trail boss for Fort Worth Herd, a herd of longhorn cattle, said she would use the day, silently, to remind herself not to take things for granted!

Mark Scearce, a resident composer at the University of Southern Maine School of Music in Gorham, who is to perform a commissioned piece for horn and piano that is one of three pieces he wrote in response to Sept.

11, said he did not expect to stay afterward to hear a performance of “Requiem” because he was assuming that he would want to be alone.

“I just anticipate feelings that inspired these works of mine, which is complete and utter devastation,” said Scearce, 41. “I’m going to be by myself. I’ll probably sit under a tree and cry.”

The Bush administration’s elevated terrorism alert

on Tuesday prompted Bloomberg to hold a hastily arranged news conference to assure New Yorkers that the state was not the subject of any particular threat, that the city had been on high alert since last September and that its commemoration events would go as planned.

“I think the most important thing is that we not allow the terrorists’ primary weapon, which is fear, to take away our confidence, to take away our freedom, to take away the strength and courage we have shown over the past year,” Bloomberg said.

In an earlier interview, he suggested that the Sept.

11 anniversary should be seen as an opportunity not only to reflect on what had been lost but also to set aside grieving and move forward. While he said he understood that the sorrow would not end for some people, he suggested that the city would benefit if the rest could put the experience behind them.

The many and varied meanings that Americans attach to the anniversary today could be seen in the multitude of ways they planned to observe it, from military flyovers to multicultural dance. In Los Angeles and Orange County, Calif., homing pigeon hobbyists planned

2002 � PAGE 7

to release nearly 3,000 pigeons, one for each trade center victim, at 13 grocery stores in the area.

At the Washington National Cathedral, Desmond Tutu, archbishop emeritus of Cape Town, will preach at a service attended by, among others, ambassadors from the more than 30 countries that lost citizens in the Sept. 11 attacks. Tutu will be interrupted by the tolling of the cathedral’s bell four times, at each of the moments when the four hijacked planes crashed.

Far from lower Manhattan or the Pentagon or the field in Shanksville, Pa., where one of the four hijacked planes crashed, at least a few people admitted in recent days to wondering exactly what they ought to be feeling as Sept. 11 approached. “A lot of people are wondering how much they should make out of it, and don’t know exactly what to do,” said Criss Roberts, lifestyle editor at the Hawk Eye, a regional newspaper in Burlington, lowa.

She said some had asked “whether we need to be trotting out our firefighters and all that.” One year after Sept. 11, she said, it seems as if “we are borrowing someone else’s grief.”

ATKINS DIET from page 4 Certain side effects such as dehydration, headaches, constipation and fatigue were particularly prevalent during the first week of the diet. After the initial adjustment, however, the volunteers experienced a reduced appetite and successful adherence to the carbohydrate restrictions.

But before dieters throw away their hidden stashes ofcandy and swear off fruit completely, they should note that doctors hesitate to support the Atkins diet program fully.

“I would not recommend this diet to the average college student,” Yancy said. “Actually, I don’t recommend this diet to anyone at this point.”

Until larger studies of the Atkins diet can support or refute the results, Westman recommends the standard low-fat, low-cholesterol, reduced-calorie diet.

“We’re not promoting [the Atkins diet]. We’re studying it,” Westman said. “I would say that we don’t know enough about it to know if it’s safe. While I have a healthy respect for this diet and how it works, it may be too strong for some people.”

ALERT from

page

2

inspectors, government workers were put on high alert as security precautions rivaled measures taken immediately after last year’s attacks.

Vice President Dick Cheney canceled a Tuesday night speech and was taken to a secret location to protect the presidential line of succession in case of an attack. He will remain in seclusion at least through the Sept. 11 observances, a senior administration official said.

Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld ordered that live anti-aircraft missiles be stationed near launchers that had been deployed around Washington for a training exercise.

Across the country, access was restricted to public places and events. Colorado Gov. Bill Owens, announcing security measures at the state Capitol, told residents, “You should probably bring your driver’s license” to the building.

The government sent a separate alert to local law enforcement across the United States warning of possible scattered attacks, prompting discussions in communities on how best to protect potential targets like shopping malls, schools and public gatherings.

Echoing the previous statements of Attorney General John Ashcroft in a news conference recently, the alert said: “Reporting also indicates that lower level al Qaeda operatives and sympathizers view the Sept. 11 timeframe as a suitable time to lash out in small strikes to demonstrate their worldwide presence and resolve.”

At the U.S. Navy base in Bahrain, home to the sth Fleet, the security level was raised to the highest pos-

sible—“delta.”

Other U.S. bases overseen by Central Command those in the Persian Gulf region, the Horn of Africa and Afghanistan and Central Asia—raised their security to the second-highest level.

“The United States government has concluded, based on analysis and specific intelligence of possible attacks on U.S. interests overseas, to call government, law enforcement and citizens —both at home and overseas—to a heightened state of alert, Ashcroft said in —

&

•

TERRY

SANFORD INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC POLICY

DUKE

9/11: Perspectives &

Policy Implications p.m. Wednesday, Sept. 11

7

Fleishman Commons Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy

Bruce W. Jentleson, Director of the Sanford Institute, Professor of Public Policy Studies and Political Science, and an expert on the Middle East and U.S. foreign policy, will set the context for the evening's discussion and moderate the forum and the question-and-answer session that follows. Panelists and their presentations, in order, are:

*Bmce R. Kuniholm, '9/11, The 'Great Game' and the Vision Thing' Kuniholm, Professor of Public Policy Studies and History, is an expert on U.S. policy in the Middle East. He was a member of the State Department's Policy Planning staff during the Carter administration with responsibilities for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia.

*Maureen Quilligan, 'What's in a Word: Terrorism' Quilligan, Professor and Chair of English, is a Renaissance scholar and leading voice in feminist theory noted for her scholarship on a wide array of English and continental authors of the early modern period from the late 14th century into the 16th century.

*Scott L. Silliman, 'The War on Terrorism: A Legal Quagmire' Silliman is a Professor of the Practice of Law and a retired Air Force colonel. He also serves as executive director of the Duke Law School's Center on Law, Ethics and National Security.

*Barton F. Haynes,

'After Anthrax: Emerging Infections Biodefense' &

Haynes is Frederic M. Hanes Professor of Medicine at Duke University Medical Center and Director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute. He leads Duke's basic and translational research initiatives in biodefense and emerging infections.

The forum is part of the university's observance of the anniversary of the attacks and is being coordinated through the Provost's Office and the Sanford Institute..This event is free and open to the public. Parking is available in nearby lots; for directions to the Sanford Institute, see www.pubpol.duke.edu/directions/directions.html

The Chronicle

PAGE 8 � WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11. 2002

PRIMARIES from page 1 sioners need to examine mental health reform now that the state has been shifting the responsibility for patients in state hospitals back to the counties.

“This was one of the toughest elec-

DAVE LEWIS/THE CHRONICLE

ARTURA GOODS, a Medical Center employee, prepares to vote in Tuesday’s primary election. Offices from U.S. senator to Durham school board member were on the ballot.

tions that I’ve been through,” Heron said.

Candidates had a limited amount of time to organize their campaigns once the revised date of the primaries was finally announced after a four-month delay.

Reckhow admitted to being a “nervous wreck” on election day, but she appeared relaxed watching the election returns.

“That represents an affirmation of the current board’s policies,” she said. She cited steady improvements of the school system, decreased crime rates and the highest rate of economic growth in the state as evidence ofthe board’s success.

Milo Pyne of the Durham People’s Alliance, a liberal citizens’ political group, said he was reasonably happy with the results, although he was concerned that Jacobs favored develop-

FORUM

from page 3

are moving, but the thoughts and words are generated by someone else.... The church must speak a word that is authentic.”

Turner also said the U.S. could not afford to be the metaphorical bully of the now-global village. He added that the people who died were not heroes, but victims of a sinful world.

Willimon, dean of the Chapel, criticized the largely secular response of American Christians to Sept. 11.

“We didn’t reach out and grab the cross,” Willimon said. “We grabbed the flag.” He went on to explain how three

ment on the city’s outskirts too much.

“We’re glad the other four incumbents returned,” Pyne said, adding that he thinks their slow-growth approach to development will balance Jacobs’ view.

The Durham Public School Board of Education held its general elections with races in three different districts. Jacqueline Wagstaff won in District One, Regina George-Bowden in District Two and Gail Heath in District Three. Steve Martin ran uncontested in District Four.

“Right now it’s a challenge for us to be able to sit down in one room,” Wagstaff said, noting that bringing racial harmony to the school board will be important. She also spoke of the social ills that plague Durham, such as bad housing, poor health insurance and a high crime rate, saying they create an environment that is not conducive to success in school. ‘We’ve got to figure out how to keep our kids in school rather than on the streets.”

Tom Miller, also with the People’s Alliance, said he thought “new blood” on the school board would bring about positive changes and more open discourse.

months after Sept. 11 letters of complaint at churches had increased because people wanted to say the Pledge of

Allegiance, have a flag and say a prayer for the president rather than take, part in the typical services.

He concluded the discussion on a lighter note with his own interpretation of why church attendance rates had declined after rising so quickly following Sept. 11.

“People were thinking erroneously that the Christian church is a place of consolation,” Willimon said. “But through our bumbling efforts they found Jesus and realized that Jesus is just not that helpful. Jesus is the reason for the slump in church attendance.”

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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

� page 9

Blue Devils reflect on Sept. 11 anniversary

Football names room in Yoh Football Center after Rob Lenoir, who died in attacks

By PAUL DORAN

ing the people that were there and the effect it had on so many lives—on a lot of people at Duke,” head coach Carl Franks said, who added that if the University had a home football game this weekend they would have done something at the game in remembrance of Sept. 11.

Franks also said that the football team was particularly

The Chronicle

One year ago, the Duke athletic department and the Atlantic Coast Conference announced the cancellation of all sporting events scheduled through Friday because of the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. A day later, the ACC and other major conferences called off all their weekend football games. On a national level, the MLB and NFL followed suit, postponing their games through the weekend as well.

At the time of the attacks, John ACC commissioner Swofford said that although he and other members schools could see the natural argument for playing sports and thus relieving stress during a hardship, the ACC schools had “thoroughly discussed the situation on their own campuses” and decided to use the time to “pray for the safety, health and recovery of our fellow Americans” One year later, the memories from that day—that changed the nation as well as the sports community—still resonate.

“I’ll talk to the team about it. We’ll talk about remember-

affected because they had lost

one of their former players, Rob Lenoir, in the attack.

Franks said he played with and was a fraternity brother of Lenoir while they were at Duke, and that the team was planning on naming a room in the new Yoh Football Center in honor of Lenoir.

Director of Athletics Joe Alieva said at the time that the cancellations on Duke’s campus came because the University wanted to ensure the safety of its students and that although the country needed to get back to normal, a packed football stadium was not, at the time, normal.

“It was a national tragedy.

Who wanted to go out there and play a game under those cirROBERT TAI/THE CHRONICLE

See SEPT. 11 on page 9

THE BLUE DEVIL MASCOT waves an American flag at last season’s Northwestern game, played Sept. 22, 2001.

NBA cannot Volleyball smashes East Carolina, 3-0 canceled In match that inspire like last because the Sept. 11 attacks, Duke MLB, NFL and beat the Pirates in three a season

This evening, at 9:11 p.m., baseball games around the nation will pause to observe a moment of silence and a video presentation.

Last Sunday, NFL coaches paced the sidelines, screamed at officials and sent plays in to the quarterback, but they did so with an American ■ flag patch and the num-

wKKK/Km Evan Davis From the cheap seats

straight games.

By PAUL DORAN The Chronicle

bers “9-11” embroidered on their shirts.

Last year, following t he

terrorist

A Americans

attacks,

turned

toward these two sports, be it for strength, inspiration, or simply a diversion. Though both football and baseball canceled games, both regrouped within a week, trumpeting See DAVIS on page 9

W|

Men’s tennis rankings HA men’s college tennis rankings were released yesterday with junior Phillip King coming in at No. 7 in the nation. Duke had two doubles and one other singles player ranked.

JEFF BURLIN/THE CHRONICLI

The volleyball team continued its winning ways Tuesday beating East Carolina 3-0 (30-20, 30-19, 30-18) in Greenville. With the win the Blue Devils move to 8-0 on the season, while the loss dropped ECU to 2-6.

The match was particularly emotional for both teams since last season’s contest, scheduled for Cameron Indoor Stadium, was canceled because of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. Tve thought about it a lot, but I haven’t talked to the girls about it yet,”

SARAH SALEM and the volleyball team extended their winning streak to eight games.

WSj

was of went to Greenville

Six women ranked The women’s tennis team led the nation with six ranked players in the Omni Hotels College Tennis Rankings. Sophomore Kelly McCain was the highestranked Blue Devil at No. 5.

WB Field hockey 15 The Blue Devils ranked 15th in the season’s first National Field Hockey Coaches Association poll released yesterday. Duke (2-1) was behind four ACC foes in the poll.

Open finalists out U.S. Open finalists Andre Agassi and Pete Sampras passed on representing their country in the semifinals of the Davis Cup. The U.S. plays France in Paris next weekend.

See VOLLEYBALL on page 9

IT*

Major League Baseball Red Sox 12, Devil Rays 1 Marlins 6, Phillies 4 Blue Jays 5, Indians 4 Reds 3, Pirates 0 Braves 12, Mets 6 Cardinals 11, Brewers 9 Expos 6, Cubs 2

Sports

PAGE 10 �WEDNESDAY. SEPTEMBER 11. 2002

SEPT. 11 from page 10

DAVIS from page 10

cumstances?” said Jaymon Small, a senior and one of the football team’s captains “Games can be played anytime.

Games get made up all the time. Games can be moved because ofhurricanes and this was way bigger than that.,.. It’s something that no one in our generation will ever forget. It’s like our Pearl Harbor.”

Citing the Sept. 11 attacks as a reason for heightened security measures, Duke, as well as many other schools,

patriotism for the rest of their seasons.

Whether it was “God Bless America” echoing throughout stadiums during the seventh-inning stretch, the Seattle Mariners kneeling around an American flag after clinching their division’s title, or the New York Jets wearing the local fire department’s hats on the sidelines, Major League Baseball and the NFL did their parts in helping America regroup. This year, as America commemorates the anniversary of the attacks, these two sports are once again filling this role.

And then, there’s basketball.

On Sept. 4, a collection of American hoopsters walked out onto the court at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, wearing jerseys that proclaimed them to be representatives of the USA. The 5-0

made some minor changes. For the Blue

Devils, the most notable one was a ban on backpacks at basketball games in Cameron Indoor Stadium, but the University also stopped the practice of allowing spectators to leave the building and then re-enter.

Across the asphalt at Wallace Wade Stadium, police and stadium officials decided to place more personnel at the entrances and check all bags entering the stadium for prohibited items.

“Increasing [security measures] was a perfect move,” Franks said. “We did it.

Everywhere else did it. If we didn’t do it we wouldn’t have looked very smart....

Football’s not the most important thing in the world. We might like it to be on Saturday, but it’s not the most important thing in the world.”

VOLLEYBALL from page 10 head coach Jolene Nagel said. “It was interesting tonight. I think more people were thinking about what they should be thinking about during the national anthem. Things hit a bit closer to home.”

In the match, Duke received what Nagel called a great team effort. The Blue Devils were led by Tassy Rufai, who collected a team-high 10 kills while racking up a .381 hitting percentage.

Junior Krista Dill turned in an impressive performance with nine kills in 10 attempts for a .900 hitting average.

Seniors Jill Sonne and Rachel

Vander Griend also led Duke, recording nine kills. Sonne had four aces, five block assists and 44 assists—all

team highs.

“We’re really excited to be off to

ROBERT TAI/THE CHRONICLE

PATRIOTIC DISPLAYS became a staple at sporting events in the wake of Sept. 11. such a strong start,” Nagel said. “We have six new players so we’ve been working on team cohesiveness, but we did a great job tonight and I’m pleased with our progress.”

The Pirates, who were without three of their players due to illness, were led by Robyn Drewes who tallied eight kills and a .333 hitting percentage. Jessica Vick chalked up 16 assists for East Carolina.

As a team ECU finished the match with 26 strikes and a .135 attack average.

“Duke is a really good team that has been receiving votes in the top 25,” East Carolina head coach Colleen Munson said. “We played well against them and were really aggressive, especially in the first game.”

The Blue Devils now come home to host American, No. 18 Santa Barbara and No. 12 Wisconsin this Friday and

Saturday in the Duke Classic in Cameron.

The Chronicle action in the game’s fourth quarter.

The dozen players who made mockeries of the USA jerseys that they were undeservingly wearing did so because, in the words of USA head coach George Karl, their competitive nature had been adversely affected by “the money and greed of the NBA.” Surprise. The NBA is a world where 18-year-olds are given millions to sit on benches and stars bicker over whether they deserve 14 or 15 million dollars per year. But the World Championships was—or should have been—a far cry from the NBA. These guys weren’t playing simply for titles or accolades. Given the chance to represent America only days before the anniversary of Sept. 11, the United States team was—or should have

been—playing for those three letters that were emblazoned on their chests: USA. Instead, they bickered with each other American team was set to take on and played uninspired basketball. Placed Argentina in its last match of the second on a world stage at a time when round in the FIBA World Championships. Americans were turning—just as they did Two hours later, the Americans were lookone year ago—to the sporting world for ing at a scoreboard that proclaimed patriotic displays, the US. players left milArgentina the victors. In the three days lions wondering how they could play with that followed, the United States would so little regard for their national pride.

Now, as every American looks back at complement a 10-point victory over Puerto Rico with losses to both Yugoslavia the 365 days that have transpired since and Spain, good enough for a sixth-place the worst terrorist attack in the nation’s finish in a tournament that the US. was history, our baseball and football teams will once again represent the world of not just supposed to win but dominate.

Against Argentina, the United States sports, while the nation’s basketball team shot less that 38 percent from the field sits in silence, having squandered the and brought the national team’s 58-game golden opportunity of being able to boost patriotic sentiment through a triwinning streak crashing down.

Against Yugoslavia, the US. blew a 10- umphant—or at least proud—performpoint fourth-quarter lead and eliminated ance at the World Championships. itself from medal contention.

Of all those who have commented on Then, against Spain, the Americans the U.S. basketball team’s struggles, failed to score in the game’s final 2:38 en perhaps no one was more insightful route to a 81-75 loss. At stake in this than NBA commissioner David Stem, game wasn’t the preservation of a winwho noted that a reassessment of the ning streak, nor was it a shot at the gold team’s preparation is needed before the medal. Four days before the nation next international tournament. His observed the first anniversary of the comments, however, were perhaps more Sept. 11 attacks, 12 American basketball applicable for the players’ own introplayers disgraced their country on an spection into their priorities as citizens of the United States thanfor the state of international stage.

Such a sentiment does not arise simUSA Basketball as a whole.

“As an American, we’ve got some work ply from the fact that the Americans were upset three times in their own country by to do,” Stem said. teams that they should have beaten by 20 Evan Davis is a Trinity senior and senpoints or more. Nor can it be truly appreciated by the fact the Paul Pierce, the ior associate sports editor. His column team’s leading scorer, saw not an iota of appears Wednesday.

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CLINICAL RESEARCH POSITION The Duke Liver Centeris looking for a work study student who is organized, friendly, enthusiastic with good work ethics. Duties: Medical research, data collection, data entry, review of medical records, library research, copying, creating new files, filing etc. 10 or more hours/week @ $B.OO/hr. For more information contact Carole Marin at 668-2316 or email marinoo2 @ mc.duke.edu.

Mary Poppins type person wanted for after-school care of 4 children.

Hours:3-6pm. Guar 3 days/week, more hours available if desired.

309-0998 or 970-2981.

Durham Academy is looking for an energetic person with swimming experience to assist with our interscholastic (grades 7-12) swim team this winter. Reasonable compensation. References will be needed. If interested call Athletic Director at 489-6569, ext 440. or email senge-

Montessori Morning Program Enrolling Fall 2002-2003 3-4 year olds 8:30-12:30 Monday-Friday.

Contact Claudia Green 286-1020.

Reliable help needed to pickup from daycare (after spm) and watch 3-year old for a few hours, 1-2 days a week. References and driver’s license a must. Call 489-4667.

bret@da.org.

Independent project work for The Campaign for Duke. The Office of University Development on West Campus is hiring 1 work study student to help with various projects, campus errands, light clerical work, and assisting the Research Secretary and Researchers with filing and projects. Very flexible hours.

Reliable person to pick up and watch 1 child after school. 5:30-7 pm, 1-2 days/wk. References must.

Call 489-4667.

Seeking PT nanny for infant. Would entail 3-4 hours, 3-5 mornings a Schedule

•

•

•

Casual work environment. Please contact Tim Young 681-0441 or email

flexible.

Experience with children required.

timothy.young@dev.duke.edu.

Need own transportation; must be non-smoker. Fax references and resume to (919) 544-8217.

Work for the people who really care about students! The Academic Resource Center needs a work/study student 6 hours per week at $9.00 per hour. Must be able to work Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Work involves general clerical duties, receptionist duties, and assistance with small projects for the ARC’S 3 programs.

Must have good communication skills, a welcoming demeanor, strong basic computer software skills, and must be detail-oriented.

Must be willing and able to adhere to office confidentiality policies.

Please contact Deborah Wilson, 684-5917.

Help Wanted A/V SPECIALIST Men’s Rugby needs help with digital photography at matches.

Social benefits. Visit

http://www.duke.edu/web/rugby/

LAB/RESEARCH STUDENT NEEDED

Are you a student desiring laboratory research experience? Students generally have an interest or some experience in biology and/or biochemistry. Position involves performing routine experiments where the principle techniques are nucleic acid isolation, protein extraction, spectrophotomery transformation and transfection, bacteriology, gel electrophoresis (agarose and acrylamide), and PCR. Work study preferred. Hours are flexible but mornings and/or afternoons are preferred. 10 or more hours/week @ $8.50/ hr. For more information contact Carole Marin at 668-2316 or email marinoo2@mc.duke.edu.

Independent project work for The Campaign for Duke. The Office of University Development on West Campus is hiring 1 work study student to help with various projects, campus errands, light clerical work, and assisting the Research Secretary and Researchers with filing and projects. Very flexible hours. Casual work environment.

Please contact Tim Young 6810441 or email

timothy.young@dev.duke.edu Lab assistants needed to care for zebra fish used in graduate research.

Job responsibilities include but are not limited to the folfish lowing: feeding, water quality preparation. testing, solution Students should be responsible, reliable, and mature in dealing with animals. Hours; 10-12 MondayFriday Pay $B/hr WS preferred, email keenano@hotmail.com.

BARTENDERS NEEDED No experience necessary. Earn up to $3OO a day. 866-291-1884 ext. ullO.

BARTENDERS NEEDED!!!

Earn $l5-30/hr.

Job placement assistance is top prioriRaleigh’s Bartending ty.

School. Call now for info about our BACK TO SCHOOL tuition special. Offer ends soon!!

HAVE FUN! MAKE MONEY! MEET PEOPLE!!! www.cock(919)-676-0774. tailmixer.com.

Empire Aviation Lakeridge Airport Falls of the Neuse Lake off 1-85, exit 183 Durham, NC 15 min from Duke 479-1050 •

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www.empire-aviation.com

Positions are available for several work study students to assist research group in Psychiatry department in the Medical Center.

Duties may include assistance with data management, entry and scanning. Rate of pay $7.00/hr. minimum. Contact Ron Garrison, 684SI 30.

RAINBOW SOCCER COACHES WANTED! Volunteer coaches needed for Youth, ages 3-13, and Adults, 9th grade and older. Practices M&W or T&TH, 4:15-s:lspm for youth, s:lspm Dark for adults. All big, small, happy, tall, large-hearted, willing, funloving people qualify. Call 9673340 or 967-8797 for information.

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RESEARCH OFFICE SUPPORT

Are you a student desiring experience in designing, implementing, and maintaining a variety of complex databases to track and monitor data collection and financial information? Students should have skills in database design and maintenance using Access and Excel.

Work study preferred. 6 or more hours/week @ $lO.OO/hr. For more information contact Carole Marin @ 668-2316 or email RAINBOW THREE SOCCER FIELD ASSISTANTS WANTED for Chapel Hill recreational league. Fall semester, approx. 25 hrs., weekday afternoons and Saturdays. Must be dependable, good with kids of all ages, organizational skills, dynamic attitude, and reliable transportation.

Soccer coaching and refereeing experience preferred. Call 967-3340 or 967-8797 ASAP. Work for the people who really care about students!

The Academic Resource Center needs a work/study student 6 hours per week at $9.00 per hour. Must be able to work Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Work involves general clerical duties, receptionist duties, and assistance with small projects for the ARC’S 3 programs.

Must have good communication skills, a welcoming demeanor, strong basic computer software skills, and must be detail-oriented.

Must be willing and able to adhere to office confidentiality policies.

Work Study Student Wanted African & African American Studies 10 hrs/week, competitive salary. Call Connie, 6842830.

WORK STUDY POSITION Work study office positions available in athletics. Students needed to work answering phones, running errands, copying and general office work for offices of several sports.

Hours available between 10 and 4 daily. Work study students only.

Contact Chris Kennedy at 668-5702 for more information.

Full Service Style Shop

Center

8 Blvd. Plaza

4125 Chapel Hill Blvd.

489-0500 Mon. Fri. 8 am 6 pm Sat. 8 am 5 pm •

ir

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Walk-ins welcome We accept MasterCard and Visa.

Houses For Rent 5 bedroom 2.5 bath house, 1 housemate needed, occupied currently by 4 males, 2 minutes from Duke campus, pool table 919-4937327.

Country living close to Duke-1 BR, Ig. LR and kit., FP, central heat/ac, quiet, beautiful setting. No pets. $7OO/month. 620-0137.

Drastically

Reduced To $B5O/month. Chapel Hill/Booker Creek Neighborhood 2BDR/2BA, 1150 Sq Ft, New & Paint. Great School Carpet District-Cul De Sac, Available Now. 490-0904, 599-0759.

House for Rent. 1604 Valley Run, Durham 3 br House, 3 mins to Duke, 11 mins to UNC or RTR $1095/ mo. 489-1777.

Duke in Los Angeles Spring 2003 Informational meetings Wednesday, 9/11, 10:30 Tuesday, 9/17, 12:40 Both in 04 Art Museum http://www.duke.edu/film/Dula

DUKE IN MADRID SPRING 2003 Learn more about this exciting held the program at Universidad San Pablo in Madrid! Information meeting will be held on Thurs., Sept.

12, 5:30 p.m., 111 Social Sciences.

Applications are available online,

www.aas.duke.edu/study_abro ad. Questions? Call 684-2174.

Application deadline: Oct. 1.

NTX THUNDER 21 SOX amplifier and 2 12” ORION XTRI2S subwoofers enclosed. $425/neg. Call Britton, 423-2230.

Thule car top bike carrier, fits BMW. Excellent condition. $lOO/obo. 4892164.

Room For Rent Walk to East Campus. Private entry & bath. Includes cable tv, microwave, small refrigerator, utilities. Graduate student or visiting professor. $4OO/month.

Call 286-2285 or 220-0523.

NORTHGATE

Saturday evening Chapel Attendant needed!! Work in Duke Chapel 4:45-10:00 pm. Interested? Contact Jackie Andrews-684-2177.

$

Need a steady job? Excellent opportunity in a professional setting at the Streets of Southpoint Mall. Consumer product research data collection. Positions available days, evenings, and weekends.

Call 484-0800, M-F, 9-5, ask for Mr. Cook.

marinoo2@mc.duke.edu.

BARBER SHOP

Best Service Best Prices

•

Swim Instructor Part-time Fall, Winter, Spring at Hope Valley Farms. Call 919-403-7875.

MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY Parttime position (5-8 hrs/wk) to assist in organ transplant studies. Duties include patient recruitment and data management and entry. Salary negotiable. Contact Dr. Robyn Claar at 681-3006.

•

-

needed.

1-800-293-3985 ext 519.

LEASING CONSULTANT for every other Saturday 9:30-4:00 at a N. Durham apartment community.

Seeking an enthusiastic person who has persuasive verbal skills, enjoys many people contacts and likes to work independently.

Competitive Pay. Fax resume and cover letter to Asset Manager at 878-0308.

week.

trainees

$250/ day potential. Local positions,

Family Haircut

•

•

Bartender

Full Service Salon Haircuts

I Full Time Instruct I »rs I t 1, CummitteJ Experience Private Pilot Instrument Rating Photo Gift Certificates Rental Scenic Rides Ground School Specializing in Private & Instrument Training •

Babysitter needed for 6 mo old at our home 10 min from Duke. Hours vary. Call 401-9663.

chronicle.html.

ers@yahoo.com.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 � PAGE II

Mon.-Fri. 8-5:30 Sat. 8-5:00

286-4030 North gate Shopping Center, down from Sears Auto, next to Harris Teeter

Durham

Services Offered In need of mental health counseling but worried about the possibility of non-secure computer records? I am a credentialed therapist in Durham and accept fee-for-service with no Managed Care involvement. Call me at 384-7107, 3 log on to www.lifestylesweb.com Click on second box on L, “Counseling” for more information.

x or

Individual

Psychotherapy and Counseling. Kerry Johnson, LCSW. Close to East Campus, 15 yrs. experience, gayfriendly. 286-3339.

Relationship

Student Groups

PLAY RUGBY Want to? Learn how to ruck a hooker. No prior experience necessary. Visit Play Rugby?

http://www.duke.edu/web/rugby/ chronicle.html.

PAGE 12 � WEDNESDAY,

The Chronicle

SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

CAMPUS REMEMBERS

Law, the Fuqua School of Business, the Duke University Police Department station and on the Chapel Quadrangle.

The University will also host academic discussions couraged to incorporate the anniversary into their class discussions, if possible. Other work and research at the School ofLaw at noon, at the White Lecture Hall around the University and in the Medical Center will at 1:10 p.m. for a political science analysis, and at the also go on as normal as possible.

Sanford Institute of Public Policy at 7 p.m. for a multiCentral to the University’s remembrance of the atdisciplinary approach.

The Chapel will be open throughout the day, and tacks and the more than 3,000 people who died is the chiming of a Chapel bell at the exact times of each of there will be hourly prayers. At 10 a.m., Stanley Hauerthe major events exactly one year ago, beginning with was, Gilbert T. Rowe professor of theological ethics, will the 8:46 a.m. collision ofAmerican Flight 11 into the preach in York Chapel. An interfaith service will begin north tower of the World Trade Center. The bell will at 1 p.m. in the Duke Chapel, followed by a Vespers toll for five more events, plus six additional times at 11 service at 5:15 p.m. and a Catholic Mass at 9 p.m. a.m. for each of the Duke alumni who died in the atOther groups will commemorate the day with smalltacks. Trees will also be planted in the West-Edens er gatherings across campus and in the Medical Center.

Link quad in honor ofthe six.

In preparing for the anniversary, administrators Anniversary observances are set to begin early in said they expected the tone of the day to be somber and the day, with an 8 a.m. tribute at the Duke University respectful, and they urged the University community Museum of Art including remarks by President Nan to reflect on how their own lives have changed since Keohane. Throughout the day, memorial services, acaSept. 11, 2001.

With that date ingrained forever in the minds of all demic discussions and spiritual gatherings will also Americans, Duke plans to forge on, pausing for a day commemorate the date.

Memorial services will take place at the School of to remember and reflect.

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Spring Break 2003-Travel with STS to Jamaica, Mexico, Bahamas or Florida. Promote trips on-campus to earn cash and free trips.

Information/Reservations 1-800648-4849 or www.ststravel.com.

Jamaica, Bahamas, South Padre, Las Vegas, Florida, and Ibiza: Book early and get FREE MEALS! Student Express sponsors the BEST PARTIES and is NOW HIRING salaried Salespeople, Campus Reps, and On-Site Staff. Contact www.studentexpress.com or 1-800-7873787 for details.

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DUKE TEST PREP Prep Classes for:

0 GRE 25 GMAT

Why Choose Duke Test Prep? □ Weeknight and Weekend Classes □ Reasonably-priced

■ All of the Above

Call 684-6259 to Register or find us at www.learnmore.duke.edu 2002 Fall Schedule

II

GRE Classes: $395.00

GMAT Classes: $395.00

1D#6679 starts 9/9/02, Mondays 6-10PM

1D#6672 9/9/02, Mondays 6-10PM

1D#6680 starts 9/7/02, Sat. 9AM-IPM

1D#6673 9/7/02, Sat. 9AM-IPM

1D#6681 starts 10/21/02, Mon. 6-10PM

1D#6674 10/21/02, Mon. 6-10PM

1D#6682 starts 10/19/02, Sat. 9AM-IPM

1D#6675 10/19/02, Sat. 9AM-IPM

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The Chronicle

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER

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sway 32 Sue Martin 33 Friend in France 36 Former D.C. hostess Perle 38 Actress Moran 39 Part 3 of quote 41 Part 4 of quote 44 Waikiki dance 45 Yellow-fever

61 Talk and talk 62 End of quote

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12 Towel word 13 Health resort 19 Failure 21 Bread fragment 24 Cordon (master chef)

26 Prayer closer 27 Gull-like birds 28 George who was Mary 29 "Divine

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1 Gather together 2 Taste for objets

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17 Martial 18 Start of Ashleigh

AT FIRST WE THOUGHT HE WAS BREAKING THE LAW, BUT HE HAD A WRITTEN OPINION FROtt HIS TAX LAWYER SAYING IT WAS PROBABLY OKAY.

oonesbury/ Garry Tru

Edited by Wayne Robert Williams

Brilliant quote

Gilbert/ Scott Adai THEN OUR NEL BACKED UP A t v/a k. i -r 0 THE B )BBED I

11.2002 � PAGE 13

d'art Bar legally More promising Ending for a belief Those opposed Follower of a charismatic leader

31 Como Listed?

33 Was sore 34 Purple hue 35 Wight and _

Anglesey

37 Verdi heroine 40 Canvas cover, briefly

42 Bennett of Random House

43 Up and about 46 Greek letter 49 Not this, informally

50 Noble address

52 Tennessee's lizard?

54 Expire 56 Loose cattle

57 Pine sap product

Gay" 58 60 Singer Tennille 62 Trigger treat 63 ET's vehicle 64 Malleable metal 65 Three in Italy 66 Sen. Kennedy

The Chronicle What we’ll be thinking of today

FoxTrot/ Bill Ame sort of HOW

WAS

SCHOOL?

O/ £GT 'la

WEIRD.

IN HISTORY CLASS WE TALKED ABOUT 9/11 AND HOW THINGS HAVE CHANGED IN THE YEAR SINCE.

AND THAT FELT WEIRD? /

WELL, USUALLY

HISTORY CLASS IS ABOUT THINGS LIKE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION,

...Not REAL STUFF.

I SEE.

\

the courage of FDNY: mattwood ryan williams the sacrifice of Flight 93: the unity of America: ken paul the resolve of New York City: jessica the dearness of friends and family: the hope of the future: .brian and Jennifer the dedication of our military personnel: andrew and laura the freedom of American democracy: alex, dave 1., jessica the 3,025 victims of terror and their 280 million mourners; ...roily

Account Representatives Account Assistants: Sales Representatives:....

.Monica Franklin, Dawn Hall, Jonathan Chiu, Kristin Jackson .Katherine Farrell, Johannah Rogers, Sim Stafford Sales Coordinator: David Chen Administrative Coordinator Brooke Dohmen National Coordinator: Chris Graber Charlotte Dauphin, Megan Harris Creative Services; Business Assistants: Chris Reilly, Melanie Shaw Classifieds Coordinator: Sallyann Bergh

THE GREAT DEPRESSION, THE CIVIL WAR...

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Duke Events Calendar Wednesday, September 11 Prayers: Bam-4pm. Prayers read, throughout the day, every hour on the hour, led by Dean Willimon and members of the Religious Life Staff. Duke Chapel.

Duke University Museum of Art: SAM. “Missing: Documenting the Spontaneous Memorials of 9/11.”

Lecture by Aimee Molloy, Municipal Art Society of New York. For more information, call 684-5135.

DUMA, East Campus.

9/11 anniversary: B:46AM. Ringing of one chime on Duke Chapel’s carillon to commemorate the anniverOne chime will ring at the moment of the sary of crash of the four airplanes and the collapse of the

9/11.

towers.

LOOKING BACK: 9/11 ACROSS AMERICA: 9am7pm, gallery hours. An Acoustic Exhibit of American Voices. Center for Documentary Studies.

9/11 anniversary: 10AM. Service of Word and Table.

Preaching by Stanley Hauerwas. For information, call 684-2823. York Chapel, Divinity School, West Campus.

9/11 anniversary: 11AM. Ringing of six chimes on Duke Chapel’s carillon in honor of six Duke alumni who died in the tragedies.

Wesley Fellowship Increase the Peace Prayers: 11:30 AM. West Campus, Chapel’s Memorial Wall and

East Campus, Marketplace Courtyard.

Contact jenny.copeland@duke.edu.

Questions?

9/11 anniversary: 12PM. Memorial Service sponsored by Duke Student Government. For information, call 684-2823. In front of Duke Chapel, West Campus.

September 11 Forum: 12-I:3opm. “A Year Later; Examining the Emerging Legal Questions.” Please join professors Michael Byers, Madeline Morris, Chris Schroeder, and Scott Silliman as they discuss significant questions brought about by 9/11 and the ensuing war on terrorism. Question and answer period to follow.

Law School Room 3043.

Contact: goldstein@law.duke.edu

Presbyterian/UCC Ministry Bible Study: 12:15-1pm, Wednesdays. Bring your lunch and Bible. Chapel Basement, Room 036.

Service of Interfaith Prayers: Ipm. Brief service of interfaith prayers, offered by the Religious Life Staff, at 1:00 p.m., followed by meditation, reflection, and organ music until 3:00 p.m. Duke Chapel The Impact of 9/11 on America’s Role in the World: 1:10-2pm. Program. Remembrance: Peter Ortale and others. Professor Michael Gillespie. Speakers on 9/11 and world politics: Professors Peter Feaver, Bruce Jentleson, Robert O. Keohane. Discussion. 107 White Lecture Hall, East Campus.

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9/11 anniversary: 1:30-3PM. Special meditative organ music concert. For information, call 684-2823. Duke Chapel, West Campus.

9/11 anniversary: 4PM. Vespers Service.

Chapel, West Campus.

Duke

9/11 anniversary: SPM. Carillon concert.

Duke

Chapel, West Campus.

9/11 anniversary: S:ISPM. Special Memorial Choral Vespers Service. Duke Chapel.

Wesley Fellowship Graduate Student Fellowship 6PM. Chapel Basement Kitchen.

Jewish Family Services Volunteers to Build

Meditation Garden on the Grounds of Center for

Documentary Studies: 6PM. Center for Documentary

Studies, 1317 W. Pettigrew St. For directions, please call 660-3663.

Lecture:

6:45PM. Professor Malcolm Read, State

Terrorism;” Professor Scott Silliman, “The War on Terrorism: A Legal Quagmire;” Professor Dr. Barton Haynes, “After Anthrax: Emerging Infections and Biodefense.” Closing remarks by Bruce Jentleson.

For information, call 613-7397.

Fleishman Commons, West Campus.

Catholic Mass: 9PM. Duke Chapel

Wesley Fellowship Men’s Covenant Group 9;45PM. Wesley Office, Chapel Basement.

Perkins Library System would like to announce: Book of Remembrance encouraging The Duke Community to express thoughts and feelings one year after September 11,2001. There will be books to sign and write comments in the lobby of Perkins Library, Lilly Library, Science Library (VESIC), the Staff Lounge @ Perkins as well as the Perk. Books will be available September 9 September 13.

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University of New York at Stony Brook, “Benitez Rojo and Las Casa’s Plague of Ants: The Libidinal versus the Ideological Unconscious in Spanish Colonial Discourse. 305 Language Center.

Submissions for the calendar are published on a space available basis for Duke events. To submit a notice for the Duke Events Calendar, send it to the attention of “Calendar Coordinator” at Box 90858 or

9/11 anniversary: 7PM. Symposium at the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy. Speakers; Professor Bruce Kuniholm, “9/11, The Great Game and the Vision Thing;” Professor Maureen Quilligan, “What’s in a Word:

calendar@chronicle.duke.edu.

TTrrrrrr

PAGE 14 � WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER

The Chronicle

11. 2002

The Chronicle

—^

One year later

One

year ago, al Qaeda terrorists flew planes into the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon, killing nearly 3,000 people, part of a horrific day that changed the face ofAmerica. Even a year later, the memories of that day remain etched in the American conscience, and its impact still reverberates.

Today is a unique opportunity for all of us to reflect on the events of that day and our lives over the past year. We are fortunate to be at Duke University at a time like this. We have the opportunity to leam new concepts, to reflect seriously and thoughtfully and to engage our minds in discussions and forums. We are fortunate to be in a community with experts who experienced the same trauma as we did a year ago.

As a result, we can come together and talk about important issues in an informed, thoughtful and respectful atmosphere. Today is a day that academia can be at its best.

But most importantly, we are all here together in a community. In a sense, Sept. 11 was our generation’s way of gathering together and celebrating what it means to be an American and to celebrate our freedoms and our values. Over the past year, people have taken a second look at their lives and realized that they are living a good life here. America may not be perfect, but it has more opportunity, more freedom and more wonderful aspects than any other country in the world. It is a great irony that the attacks, which were conceived in hatred for what America stands for and designed to bring low American greatness had exactly the opposite effect. As a result of the attacks, Americans were revitalized in their belief in the things we hold dear: life, liberty and property. America had a chance to show how great it truly was, by coming together in response to these horrific acts of destruction.

Today is also the embodiment ofhow life has gone on after Sept. 11 and how it will continue to go on, the American spirit will prevail.

Thinking back to how things were a year ago, how things unfolded and how we viewed the future in those first terrible moments, is very difficult. At the time, the planes striking the towers seemed so surreal, like a nightmarish fantasy that wasn’t actually occurring. As people around the University gathered together around television sets, watching the same gruesome images over and over, when everything was so chaotic, nobody knew what was happening or what would happen the rest of the day or in the future.

But it is greatlyreassuring to know that life has gone on and that America remains stronger than ever and that we remain more confident than ever in the righteousness of our beliefs and our purpose. One embodiment of how life has gone on in the face of terror is the fact that we have classes on the 11th. Although it might feel strange to go to class, since it seems like it doesn’t matter in the larger picture, in truth, everything that happens matters, everything we do matters, since continuing the American way of life is essential.

Last year some people were crying, some people were so shocked they didn’t know what to do, some walked around numb in a sullen stupor. People responded to the Sept. 11 attacks in their own ways, and people dealt with grief differently. But ultimately, we all shared in the same experience, we all watched the towers collapse, and we are all part of the sharing, rebuilding and healing that continues even today.

The Chronicle DAVE INGRAM, Editor KEVIN LEES, Managing Editor WHITNEY BECKETT, University Editor ALEX GARINGER, University Editor KENNETH REINKER, Editorial Page Editor PAUL DORAN, Sports Editor JONATHAN ANGIER, General Manager MATT BRUMM, Senior Editor JENNIFER SONG, Senior Editor JANE HETHERINGTON, Photography Editor REBECCA SUN, Projects Editor RUTH CARLITZ, City & State Editor RYAN WILLIAMS, City & State Editor MIKE MILLER, Health & Science Editor BECKY YOUNG, Features Editor MEG LAWSON, Recess Editor GREG VEIS, Recess Editor MATT ATWOOD, TowerView Editor JODI SAROWITZ, TowerView Managing Editor JOHN BUSH, Online Editor BRIAN MORRAY, Graphics Editor TYLER ROSEN, Sports Managing Editor ROBERT TAI, Sports Photography Editor AMI PATEL, Wire Editor KIRA ROSOFF, Wire Editor MOLLY JACOBS.Sr. Assoc. Features Editor MELISSA SOUCY, Sr. Assoc. City & Stale Editor NADINE OOSMANALLY, Sr. Assoc. University Editor EVAN DAVIS, Sr. Assoc. Sports Editor MATT KLEIN, Sr. Assoc. Photography Editor ANDREA OLAND, Sr. Assoc. Photography Editor THAD PARSONS, Sr. Assoc. Photography Editor SETH LANKFORD, Online Manager SUE NEWSOME, Advertising Director A LISE EDWARDS, Lead Graphic Artist YU-HSIEN HUANG, Supplements Coordinator BARBARA STARBUCK,Production Manager MARY WEAVER, Operations Manager NALINI MILNE, Advertising Office Manager The Chronicle is published by the Duke Student Publishing Company. Inc., a non-profit corporation independent of Duke University. The opinions expressed in this newspaper are not necessarily those of Duke University, its students, faculty, staff, administration or trustees. Unsigned editorials represent the majority

view of the editorial board. Columns, letters and cartoons represent the views of the authors.

To reach the Editorial Office (newsroom) at 301 Flowers Building, call 684-2663 or fax 684-4696. To reach the Business Office at 103 West Union Building, call 684-3811. To reach the Advertising Office at 101 West Union Building call 684-3811 or fax 684-8295. Visit The Chronicle Online at http://www.chronicle.duke.edu. © 2002 The Chronicle. Box 90858. Durham. N.C. 27708. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior, written permission of the Business Office. Each individual is entitled to one free copy.

Letters to

the editor

Sept. 11 should be a special day to reflect on peace It is altogether appropriate for Duke to join the rest of the nation in events of remembrance of Sept. 11.

But beyond remembrance the Duke community and its religious components would

do well to hold as integral to this special day a vigil for peace to countermand the bellicosity of a national administration.

The latter, with the timorous consent of the mass

media, seems bent on taking and keeping the country on a warpath, rendering evil unto evil.

Edward Tiryakian Professor of Sociology

Http: / / www.chronicle.duke.edu / vnews /display, v /ARTI2OO2IOB/29/3d6eo6s6694B2?in_archive=l

Preventing off-campus student access nonsensical I’m annoyed that my living off campus means that I can’t get into any dorms, and I don’t think the decision makes much sense. In the Sept. 5 Chronicle story,

the director of housing said that not letting me into

off campus. living Apparently not. Either way, the argument “well if you’re not living here then you don’t get to be part of my community” sounds very much like “if I don’t get to be all-time quarterback, I’m going to take my ball and go home.” I’m not a by

my card and the card reader says “rejected,” and I’m pretty sure that when I’m on West

I’m not actively disturbing

any community building.

But Fidelia Thomason,

director

of

Housing

Management, explained that by living off-campus I chose

dorms would encourage community in the quads and not to be part of the residenfan ofeither. on East. tial community. I had previI certainly don’tfeel part of ously thought I was just optBen Davidson that community when I swipe ing for nicer, cheaper housing Trinity ’O3 Http:/ / www.chronicle.duke.edu / vnews / display.v /ART/2002 09 05 3d77soBsdB2e2?in_archive=l /

/

/

Police should fight violent crime, I have heard complaints recently from several memhers of the Duke community

who believe that the Duke and Durham police are not “doing their jobs.” This is in reference to the rapes and attempted rapes of this past year, as well as other violent crimes occurring on and around campus. We all should bear in mind that keeping this community even as safe as it is now is a huge undertaking for these officers.

We should also remember that as long as there are vieHttp:

/ /

timless crimes in the Duke community—say, someone smoking marijuana in his room on West or taking LSD in the gardens—we can’t expect all our police officers to spend their time patrolling for violent criminals or investigating property theft. Yes, lam only one of many Dukies who spend their waking hours fearing the possibility that someone could, at this moment, be getting high and hanging out with friends.

not

drug users

I believe that I speak for the “silent majority” at Duke and in Durham when I say that the officers who arrest innocent pot-smokers could be out preventing violent crimes that occur while they are too busy knocking on students’ doors to investigate “smells,” smells that are surely a greater threat than a would-be rapist waiting in the bushes off East Campus with a knife or gun.

John Wright Trinity ’O2

www.chronicle.duke.edu / vnews / display, v IART12002109/02/3d7362538e621?m_archive=l

On the

record

“People were thinking erroneously that the Christian church is a place of consolation. But through our humbling efforts they found Jesus and realized that Jesus is just not that helpful. Jesus is the reason for the slump in church attendance.”

Dean of the Chapel Will Willimon, on changes in church attendance after Sept. 11 (see story, page 3).

Letters

Policy

The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address. Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

Direct submissions to: Editorial Page Department The Chronicle Box 90858, Durham, NC

27708

Phone: (919) 684-2663 Fax: (919) 684-4696 E-mail: letters@chronicle.duke.edu

Commentary

The Chronicle

The past 12 months have been shaped by two powerful if antithetical national phenomena. First, vulnerabil-

ity, symbolized by the elevated national alert level, seemingly weekly warnings from the FBI and systematic overflights of major U.S. cities by Air Force interceptors. Second is determination, a sense of singular resolve and purpose, universally felt in spite of the plunging stock market, rising unemployment and a high—if not unprecedented—level of anxi-

ety about the future As a country, we are —and we realize that

Molchanov

suscepwe are—deeply r. r , , rolmcsand3 *3 ~11 tible to future terrorist er eans atrocities. This fact will never fundamentally change, no matter how hard we try.

Billions of dollars invested in upgraded security and historic reforms proposed in Washington can only buy us time and make the consequences of the next attack a little less dreadful. «

Vulnerabilities will always be out there, as Israel, a country that has suffered from terror despite the most elaborate security apparatus, shows all too clearly.

All this is not intended to sound the defeatist trumpet, but it should bring into perspective the massive changes in foreign and defense policy wrought by Sept. 11. It is perhaps easy to forget that the United States is now at war, one that promises to be the longest it has fought in over a generation. The fact that it is a defensive war in a fundamental, strategic sense should not obscure the absolute necessity of staying on the offensive at the tactical level.

The war’s homeland front is fated to be its least successful, not because of poor leadership or planning but rather

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 �PAGE 15

One war at a time because of the practical impossibility of defending every conceivable target in an open society of 280 million people. A systematic assault—military, yes, but also diplomatic and financial—on the forces of terror beyond our borders is the only way we will assure victory in the end, irrespective of the efforts made in the realm of homeland security. At the same time, let us limit our aims and avoid trying to resolve all the world’s terrorist problems, for there are far too many.

The international campaign began

last fall in Afghanistan, and there it must continue as long as it takes.

Remaining al Qaeda militants, ideologues and financial backers have to be brought to justice and the organization’s infrastructure eliminated. Last week’s attempt on Hamid Karzai’s life shows that the state of the country is still highly volatile. Until his government can stand on its own, foreign troops need to stay in Kabul. If they leave too soon, the forces of terror and their apologists will regroup, and the government will inevitably fall. The costs of starting over will be far greater than those of getting the job done right the first time.

It is no secret that after bin Laden, Saddam Hussein is, deservedly, public enemy number one, and Desert Storm II may now be a foregone conclusion.

And yet, such a course of action would not, as inviting as it may seem, be advisable in the face of current strategic realities. While the benefits of toppling Saddam and his cronies are beyond dispute, it is prudent to harbor grave doubts about a major operation that is based on questionable premises, faces opposition from virtually every U.S. ally and will lead to a highly uncertain conclusion.

When we went into Afghanistan, we had a clear mandate to dismantle a

regime that caused great harm to the United States and had the potential to cause even more. Iraq does not pose a direct threat to US. interests at this time. I bring attention to the last three words in the previous sentence, for they

there will be no coalition this time. The

best that we can expect from our friends is sullen acquiescence. Shouldn’t the president contemplate what has happened in the last year to make our closest allies so deeply skeptical?

are key. If we

concrete had evidence of an imminent Iraqi attack against the United States or its regional allies, then by all means a preemptive strike would be warranted. In matters of supreme national importance, the unilateral use of force can be

We are deeply susceptible to future terrorist attacks.

Vulnerabilities will always be out there, as Israel, a rr

-ii

1

country that has suttered r

i i trom terror despite the most 1 elaborate security appara•

i

.

i

ii

ii

tus, shows all too clearly.

understood As things stand, there is no indication that Saddam plans to do anything but keep on blustering. He may desperately want to relaunch his “mother of all battles,” but as an old-fashioned practitioner of realpolitik, he won’t risk the end of his rule to make a political statement. He had every opportunity to use chemical weapons against allied troops in 1991, but the fear of overwhelming retaliation stopped him.

Going out in a suicidal blaze of atomic glory is the dream of a fanatic, not a power-obsessed despot.

Among the countries that backed us last fall, not a single one is now clamoring for a war against Iraq. Britain will go along, but only grudgingly, and the rest ofNATO has signaled stem disapproval.

Russia and China are firmly against the idea. Our Middle Eastern allies, from Turkey to Jordan, will roundly condemn us if we try to oust Saddam. Clearly,

No one argues that defeating is Saddam our beyond capabilities, but this operawill tion exhaust our armed forces and the nationaltreasury at a time when both are already under severe strain. It will also irritate our allies at a time

when, for the first time ever, we genuinely need their help in tackling the al Qaeda threat. In short, if we invade Iraq, we risk winning that battle at a cost of losing the war on terror.

Going forward, the United States should remain focused on Afghanistan operations. It is sensible to keep pressuring Iraq on the issue of weapons inspectors, but to open a second front now would be profoundly erroneous. I say this as someone who stridently believes in the sovereign right of selfdefense, and who understands the importance of standing up to terror.

The nation’s vast power has to be aimed at achieving the single overriding objective that was enunciated so clearly one year ago: root out terrorism. In this war, especially, focus will surely lead to victory.

Pavel Molchanov is a Trinity senior.

Islamic fundamentalism: The only ‘root cause’ of Sept- 11 The intimate nexus between al Qaeda and Pakistan There is no such thing as closure after 9/11, and there and Saudi Arabia is illuminated by their behavior before shouldn’t be as long as Islamic fundamentalism threatens America. Those who say we should move beyond and after 9/11. Our so-called “friends” were the only that event fail to grasp what happened. After going to allies of the Taliban prior to Sept. 11, because they creschool and working in New York for 12 years, I was ated the Taliban. The foot-soldiers of the Taliban and al extremely lucky that no one I knew lost Qaeda were trained in Pakistani madrassahs financed

by Saudi Arabia. Al Qaeda gained most of its funding their lives that day, although many close jjk from Saudi “charities” and has close connections with the friends were not so fortunate.

ISI, Pakistan’s intelligence service. is one of the Writing this column f ) hardest things I have done. How does 1 Pakistan used Afghanistan for years as a terrorist university with camps melded with al Qaeda to export one capture the emotions of that day, the to Kashmir, where they have perpetrated ethterrorists w the horror, the honor, the sorrow, nic cleansing not of Muslims but of Hindus. Pakistan sacrifice? Even attempting to seems like Bala supplied the Taliban weapons even after the U.S. bomban insult. Words on a page can never do ing began in October, airlifted hundreds of fighters (who suffered and died justice to those who Ambati knows how many al Qaeda?) out of Kunduz and promotand those who continue to anguish.

Swee P rf Davl ht ed inclusion of moderate Taliban members in The word courage was defined anew at to save Afghanistan’s government. There are reports from the hurled themselves death by the heroes who others, especially the uniformed officers of New York and BBC that the ISI provided dialysis, shelter and escape to the passengers of Flight 93, not by the false bravery of bin Laden. It is also reported that Gen. Mahmud fanatic Islamic fundamentalist jihad-pilots. To redeem Ahmad, the ISI chief on Sept. 11, directed Omar Sheikh the sacrifice of heroes and the fives of all the victims, we (the prime suspect in the beheading of Darnel Pearl and must ensure this never happens again. Doing so requires hosted by Pakistan for years after his release by India after the Indian Airlines hijacking) to wire $lOO,OOO to an honest appraisal of the situation.

Those who blame U.S.-support for Israel as the cause Mohammed Atta in the weeks before Sept. 11. Senior of Sept. 11 are guilty of callous opportunism and willful Taliban now live comfortably in Pakistan, even giving to blindness to history. Osama bin Laden, who planned interviews to newspapers. Musharraf, in addition (a these attacks for at least two years (while Bill Clinton releasing most of the terrorists he “rounded up” la made efforts for peace that no US president had ever Arafat), stated that Pearl got “over-intrusive,” begging done), never mentioned the Palestinians until after Sept. the question; What was Pearl killed to protect?

Saudi Arabia bankrolls a world-wide network of 11. Yet U.S. foreign policy did fuel radical Islamic funda11.

Sept. madrassahs and mosques to promote Wahhabism, their mentalism, the one and only “root cause of of Islam. Saudi schools in Saudi Arabia, W. phrase Bush’s hateful brand George The trouble with President high school “axis of evil” is not its bluntness or simplicity but its Pakistan and even the United States teach will head. not come until “Judgment Day The evil students that inaccuracy. It’s time to hit the nail on the Muslims and Muslims Jews, on the fight will will kill all the Sept. struck us 11 and that flourished in Afghanistan [non-Muslim] it is okay “whoever is kufr countries Jews” and that Arabia, Saudi and incubated Pakistan in was to hurt and steal from,” while Saudi mosques in the West nourished by U.S. foreign policy for decades. ~

,

I

...

«

have held AK-47 training courses and hosted the Sept.

11 terrorists. Fatwas by Saudi clerics in addition to declaring “holy war against infidels” have said that suicide attacks are “the most noble rung a Muslim can attain” and specifically mention “crashing your plane into an important location that will cause your enemy to suffer colossal losses.”

Saudi Arabia, where the freedom of religion does not exist, continues beheading and stoning and institutionalizes gender apartheid to the point where women need the permission of male relatives to have surgery. Saudi royal oil largess has deflected anger at corruption and unemployment onto the West while relieving Pakistan of the burden of public education with madrassahs, allowing it to spend more on its military. This March, official Saudi newspapers stated that Jews drink human blood for Purim and Passover, and Saudi religious police beat girls fleeing their burning school for not wearing their veils, forcing them back inside in inferno, where 15 died.

The cancerous venom manifest on Sept. 11 arose from the incubators of evil known as Pakistan’s military-mullah complex and Saudi Arabia’s checkbook terrorists. It will continue to metastasize unless we excise their medieval murderousness and dismantle the axis that incubates evil. We can do this by developing energy independence to break the sword of the oil weapon, and by standing against military and religious tyrannies that “help” us in the short term but foster hate for us in the long run. Americans must recognize that foreign policy beholden to oil sheikhs and military dictators has succored radical Islamic fundamentalism, a mortal threat ignored by too many: Even if a pigeon closes its eye, the pouncing cat will not walk away.

Dr. Bala Ambati is a former fellow in the School of Medicine and is currently on the faculty at the Medical College of Georgia.

The Chronicle

PAGE 16 � WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

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PAGE 2 Q* WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11,2002

(Dude

‘Remembers...

(Dube

Reffects

The Chronicle

How do you fall asleep on a day like September 11?

How do you ward off the day’s images and sounds feverishly eager to enter into your nightmares?

How do you close your eyes with the knowledge that when you open them in

the morning, everything from the day before still happened, and not a soul will be able to predict what lies ahead?

Indeed, perhaps the terror of Sept. 11 was

only truly realized upon waking up Sept. 12.

On a campus 420 miles from Ground Zero, Duke community members awoke Sept. 12 to find that not only had the world changed matically overnight, but as unlikely as it seemed, the Gothic Wonderland had changed too.

The events of Sept. 11 had a profound impact on Duke—immediate and long4asting, for the better and for the worse. In these pages, we take the perspective of a changing campus reflecting on and remembering the day itself, as well as the year since.

As a special feature of this commemorative section, we offer personal reflections from faculty members, administrators and students, as well as an interview with a freshman from New York who witnessed the tragedy firsthand.

To accompany these reflections, we take an in-depth look at some of the most significant changes to occur on campus. Classes have been altered and scientific research has become crucial in the fight against bioterrorism. Foreign students face difficulties getting to and staying at Duke, while those who study abroad find increased tensions toward Americans overseas. Muslim and Arab students meet new challenges on campus, and business owners struggle in Durham and the Triangle area.

Because Duke is an academic environment first and foremost, we also provide professors and students the opportunity to grapple with some of today’s most complex intellectual issues: what provoked the attacks, whether today’s undergraduates are part of a new “9/11 gem eration” and how all Americans have undergone their own internal metamorphoses.

Today, Duke reflects and remembers, and hopefully, rests a little easier.

-Alex Garinger

Nan Keohane

Duke University President

the country, people are marking September 11 in their with grief, some with anger, some with fellowship and talk, others with silence and solitude.Last year, when I sent an email to the 100,000-plus Duke University community sharing the news of our lost alumni and the ways we-were trying to cope, many of you wrote back touchingly. That dialogue struck a chord, brought us together, and helped inform the course of your university. As we look back now, I want to share my reflections on the first anniversary of the attacks.

Everyone thought our ordinary lives would be changed forever. It is true that a sword ofDamocles dangles over our nation, and a shadow over our thoughts. Yet in most ways, life has gone on surprisingly much in the same vein, far more than we could have hoped or predicted. Some things really have changed: For most of us, both family and fellowship are even higher priorities. Poetry and music are more fraught with meaning and carry deeper relevance.

Perhaps for that reason, the most profound elegy on September 11 at Duke will be the simplest: the ringing of the Chapel carillon, one chime for each of the four planes’ collisions and one for each World Trade Center tower’s collapse. It is hard for me to imagine that anyone crossing the quad, or working or studying within earshot of the Chapel (as my office is) will be able to hold back a tear when we hear those solitary chimes.

1 fervently hope that 9/11 this year will be a day of light, not another day of darkness. Some of that light emanates from the careful talking and deep listening, the teaching and research, the analyses and arguments that have surfaced at Duke and in countless other places in the last year.

All

over

own way—some

As debates continue to rage among newspaper editors, in Washington, and in virtually every world capital, universities like Duke be places to probe more deeply than the simplistic dichotomies of hawk or dove, conservative or liberal, good and evil, to ask the tough questions. What are the implications of 9/11 for America’s role in the world? How will the heroism of firefighters and police in New York and of the passengers on United Airlines Flight 93 help shape Americans’ attitudes toward public service and civic engagement?

How can individual Americans be both good citizens of our country and also sensitive to the reactions of fellow human beings around the world who lead less privileged lives than our own?

Asking hard questions is what universities do, and the process can be messy and controversial. But the skeptical yet civil exchange of ideas that has characterized these discussions at Duke is democracy writ small. We need to value and protect those conversations, argumust

ments, ponderings.

If ever there were a time when our leaders needed to be able to turn to reliable experts, it is now, and Duke faculty of all persua-

sions have been there for them. Our students struggle with those same questions, and our faculty are here for them as well—not to hand out easy answers, but to help them think. I hope those young scholars will themselves be part of unexpected, and unexpectedly useful, solutions.

The events of September 11 engendered wide discussion on campus, with a broad range of views expressed from this country and abroad. We hosted speakers from the CIA and other government officials associated with the war on terrorism, as well as dissenting voices.

Our students’ understanding of many complex issues—domestic and international—has been enriched both by the intellectual efferves-

of the dialogue and the widely divergent viewpoints expressed.

This Wednesday, we will remember the six Duke alumni who died in the attacks, and the tens of thousands who were affected by those horrific events. More than 15 memorial events have been planned across campus. These plans arose spontaneously from the desires of students, faculty and staff to mark the date, salve wounds, seek closure, vent, understand, persuade—or just to be together at a time of emotional vulnerability.

At 11 a.m., the carillon will toll six more times, and in a simple ceremony six magnolias will be planted in a memorial grove near the West-Edens Link, new residence halls which connect the main West Campus with Edens Quad. We chose the location because it is open to new traditions and ceremony, heavily traveled—a place where students will notice and remember for a long, long time—and because the presence of those same students constitutes America’s greatest source of hope. May they take root and grow strong.

Let me leave you with a new word I learned this year; baraka. In Arabic, it means a gift of spiritual energy that can be used for everyday purposes. Something like grace, something like the Hebrew “baruch” (an etymological relative), baraka is a kind of divine electricity that drives, for example, the utterances of a great teacher. In the words of poet Robert Graves, the blessing of baraka also “attaches itself to buildings or objects after years of loving use by noble-hearted people.”

The Duke Chapel emanates baraka, and Duke people at their best receive and transmit baraka freely and without self-consciousness. The collective baraka of our community, in the widest sense of that word, makes this great university what it is. Thank you for being one of us. cence

The Chronicle

9/11: Duke ‘Remembers... Duke ‘Reffects

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11,

2002

PAGE 3

Adapting to the times William

Chafe

<*>

Dean

ofthe Faculty ofArts

&

Sciences

Time is not always the same. Each day is not necessarily as important as the next. Meaning attaches to events or moments. That is why the theologian PaulTillich distinguished between chronos, the word that designates chronological time, and kyros, the term that describes a special time, when events or transcendent experiences intersect with chronological time to create a different kind of moment, one that changes the course ofhuman history. The assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy in 1968 were such moments. They altered the course of history, turning a spring of hope for social justice into a winter of despair, where politics became the handmaiden of preserving the status quo.

September 11, 2001, was a similar moment of kyros. The events of that day irrevocably shattered America’s sense of invulnerability and innocence. Never again would we be able to presume as a nation that we are free from threat, or invincible to attack. But the larger question is what meaning we, as citizens ofAmerica and the world, give to that moment ofkyros —what will we make of it?

The question suggests that we have a choice—that we shape our personal history by how we act in our human relationships, and that we shape our public history by how we urge our leaders to act in their political relationships with the rest of the world. The two are clearly connected. As participants in the community around us, we can turn to our brothers and sisters, try to learn from those whose backgrounds or religions are different than our own, nurture the common humanity that comes from all of us trying to raise families, be true to our God, and care about our shared fragility as mortals. Or, alternatively, we can define ourselves by who we are against, wall ourselves offfrom people of different cultures and religions, and seek to resume and defend the posture of invincibility that existed prior to September 11.

In politics, we can pursue the strengthening ofmultilateral ties to nations similar to as well as different from ourselves and focus on tearing down the barriers of culture and impoverishment that create armed camps of ideological warriors. Or we can pursue a course of unilateralism, defining all those who are not for us as enemies, and ignoring the legitimate grievances that others may hold against us.

Here at Duke, our community’s response to September 11 offered a ringing reaffirmation of our common humanity. Black students, white students, Asian students, Latino students, students who were Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Christians and Buddhists—all came together to hear the bells toll for the dead, and then to work with each other across lines of racial, religious and cultural division, to find new insights into each other’s hearts and minds. The months after September 11 represented the best part of Duke’s aspiration to be a beloved community of caring people, a legacy we must work daily to sustain and uphold. Nationally, the same quest for sharing a common humanity graced the pages of the daily New York Times vignettes of the victims, as we learned about the courage, dignity and love that were part of the personal stories of those who had died—people who came from all faiths, from many nations, from all classes and from multiple racial origins.

It remains less clear in our national politics that we have the same inclination to learn from differences and to affirm our responsibility to engage in common cause with those who may not always agree with us.

When the United States persists in not signing the Kyoto accords on global warming (largely drafted by Americans), absents itselffrom a global conversation on race, refuses to agree to an international treaty barring biological weapons, and presumes its right not to be subject to an international tribunal on war crimes that is supported by all our allies, the message is not one of iriclusiveness. Tragically, we seem close to turning into a reality the scenario of a world where the United States is perceived by others—allies as well as prospective enemies—as a unilateral giant with little sympathy for those different from ourselves.

Yet the final meaning ofSeptember 11, 2001 still remains to be defined. It is our responsibility to assure that the significance we give this turning point in our lives is one that is consistent with the best side of ourselves, not the worst.

PRATT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEAN KRISTINA JOHNSON, DEAN OF THE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES WILLIAM CHAFE AND TRINITY COLLEGE DEAN ROBERT THOMPSON (TOP) look on during a ceremony after Sept. 11, 2001; MANY EVENTS, INCLUDING FILMS AND SPORTS (CENTER) were cancelled; EMPLOYEES (BOTTOM) mourn during an all-campus the day after Sept. 11.

PHOTOS BY THAO PARSONS/THE CHRONICLE

One year ago: A day not easily forgotten Today, the Chapel bells will toll serenely six times in memory of last year’s

events

that were anything

but serene.

When the first plane hit the World Trade Center last Sept. 11, President Nan Keohane was in New York City. Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences William Chafe was on a plane that left from New York. Provost Peter Lange was in California, where he was subsequently stuck for four days when Amenca shut down its airports.

So Executive Vice President Tallman Trask—who heard the news while on the phone with an eyewitness to the attacks—was left in charge to decide what the grieving campus would do next.

“I was stunned. It’s certainly not an experience I would look forward to doing again,” Trask said.

Although the University was not able to reach Keohane until the afternoon, Lange, Trask, Vice President for Student Affairs Larry Moneta and Senior Vice President for Public Affairs and GovernmentRelations John Bumess discussed the situation over the phone. They decided not to cancel classes but to give teachers discretion over holding class or covering material relevant to the attacks and emotions on campus.

“In retrospect, I am quite proud ofhow our community responded, not only on campus, but in a variety of ways, from the symposia to the contributions made by many people to support those in NYC and D.C. And during the immediate crisis, everyone seemed to pitch in to help in ways that were constructive and that helped increase the sense of community, Bumess wrote in an e-mail. Having been in NYC as the tragic events were unfolding, President Keohane s poignant and eloquent letters to the campus community and our alums were very powerful and helped set a tone for the many discussions and events that followed.”

Sherryl Broverman, a biology lecturer, decided not to hold her 12:40 p.m. class last year, both out of respect for the day and because the day itself proved a better learning experience for students, she said.

“At one level, the University said classes should go on, but at another level, we were getting messages from the deans to be sensitive with students,” Broverman said. “I know I am happy I am not teaching that day this year, but I do think classes should be held because life goes on.

Many teachers who decided to hold class tried to connect the events of the day to their subject mat-

which the University is recommending professors do again this year.

While the campus dealt with the news, Counseling and Psychological Services set up a 24-hour hotline and opened its doors for more walk-in appointments during extended hours. CAPS Director Jim Clack said a surprisingly small number of students—less than seven—took advantage of the services, however.

“The main thing we did was make ourselves as available as possible, like we tried to be present on campus at events like the ceremony in front of the Chapel the next day, in case students needed to talk,” CAPS psychologist Jeff Kulley said. “But we found that not a lot of people approached us because they were already talking to friends and family and other people about their feelings.”

CAPS plans to offer many of the same services this year, as anniversaries often invite emotions similar to reactions to the original event, Kulley said.

The campus also came together last year by giving blood to help those with a perceived need. In a blood drive that had already been scheduled for Sept. 12-14, the University community —including 124 first-time donors—gave 333 pints, exceeding the goal of 285.

Meanwhile, the Duke University Police Department was trying to secure the campus to prevent a similar need closer to home. DUPD notified officials in areas they considered particularly at risk, increased patrols and visibility in some parts of campus and reached out to minority groups it worried might be targeted in light of the attacks.

“Our campus is as safe as anywhere else, but I can’t say our campus is immune because we are part of the world as a whole,” said Maj. Robert Dean, who plans to take some similar measures this year.

The athletic department, which canceled the evening’s volleyball match against East Carolina University, also canceled the rest of the week’s games.

Every facet of campus was affected that day last year, and the thoughts that consumed each individual’s mind then will be revisited today as the campus remembers the events of Sept. 11, 2001.

-Whitney Beckett ter,

AGE 4

9/11: ‘Duke ‘Remembers...

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

(Duke

‘Reflects

The Chronicle

Americans, Alone and Abroa When senior Kelly Fuhrman studied abroad last fall in Florence, she was happy her new Italian neighbors came over and introduced themselves the first week she was there. They told her she could use their Internet, their television or anything else she needed.

They also said they felt bad for Americans.

If it had been an ordinary day, Fuhrman may have been surprised by the kindness her neighbors demonstrated. But Sept. 11 was no ordinary day, and Fuhrman was an American on her own in a foreign country.

Similarly, senior Brandon Little had only been in Seville, Spain, for a short time when the Sept. 11 attacks occurred. Like many others, she was at first convinced that what she saw on television was a movie. Little realized that most foreigners were compassionate and that she was quite safe, but noted, “It was hard to deal with, being the solo voice of an American. I wanted to be patriotic.”

Little also said that in larger cities, people were more likely to be resentful of America because they had more knowledge ofU.S. policy.

For the most part, students said foreigners were initially sympathetic to Americans after the attacks. Eventually, though, a lot of people were

ready for America to “get over it,” said senior Tom Clifton, who studied at Oxford University in England last year.

Clifton found that Americans really did stand out in a foreign country, even in one such as England where the dress, language and culture are fairly similar. “It was never to the point of standing out with hostility, though,” he added.

Ann Gilson, who studied in Australia last spring, also noticed Americans standing out. “Australians were generally of the opinion that Americans think of themselves as superior and that we are rather aggressive and self-serving,” she wrote in an e-mail.

Students who went abroad this past summer encountered mixed reactions.

Becky Dumont spent 12 weeks with the Duke in Venice and the Duke in Flanders and Netherlands programs and encountered almost no negative treatment.

But Kay Jackson, a junior who

went to Paris, somewhat surprised when a French journalist, who spoke to her group about the attacks, emphasized that America was not just a victim. “Your first reaction is to be sensitive,” she said. “But you do have to realize that we’re not always right.”

Sophomore Alex Guttler was also interested

was

in international opinions of Sept.

11

when he traveled to Spain this summer, attempted to create a documentary on subject. It was not as easy as he expected due to the language barrier but also beci pie really did not want to express their to an American. “Two men at a hotel toi at one of the surveys and said... they were Muslim and did not want to answer the questions,” Guttler said.

“People [abroad] do not think of the U.S. as the greatest country in the world when you are outside of it—only the most powerful,” he added.

Although it has affected their expert ences.for most students Sept. 11 has not changed their decisions to study abroad.

Margaret Riley, assistant dean of Trinity College and director of the study abroad program, said that the number of students going abroad has not changed cantly after Sept. 11 and that students have not expressed particular concern about safety. At the time of the attacks, she sent messages to directors, students and parents of those studying abroad as well as set up a bulletin board to their website.

She continues to warn those who are going

Peter Burian

abroad of the changed situation.

“Avoid drawing attention to yourselves as Americans,” she wrote in an e-mail, adding that students should avoid government buildings, demonstrations and traveling in large groups.

-Kiya Bajpai

Professor of Classical Studies

Peter Burian is currently abroad, where he is director of the Duke in Florence program

SPECIAL TO THE CHRONICLE

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS attend last year’s orientation for new graduate and professional students.

New obstacles for campus visitors “The U.S. embassy was already much stricter with visas, so

I didn’t even go

back there to try and have it changed.”

—Bideesha Ahuja, East Asian Studies graduate student

The lines may be slower at airports, and international travel may take more time than it did a year ago. For some international students who cannot even make it into the airport, however, these are small setbacks.

Since Sept. 11, 2001, international students have faced greater obstacles entering the United States because of increased government background checks. Universities also face stricter demands for compliance with previous student tracking systems, and these two factors have compounded previous tribulations for exchange students.

The problems have particularly affected graduate and professional students, who as a group have more international students than the undergraduate body. Bideesha Ahuja, a first-year graduate student in East Asian Studies, could not convert her visa from an FI, or dependent, visa to an F2, or student, status, which she wanted to do because as a dependent she cannot work or receive money from the University in the from of grants or scholarships.

Prior to Sept. 11, students were not required to return to their native countries to make this change, but now they are.

“I went to Canada and tried to get my visa in March to get it changed, but they told me 1 would have to go back to India, even though I am already living in the U.5.,” Ahuja said. “The tension with Pakistan had already started when I went back to India. The U.S. embassy was already much stricter with visas, so I didn’t even go back there to try and have it changed.”

Dmytro Voytovich, a fourth-year graduate student in engineering, is stuck in the Ukraine after returning there this summer to prolong his visa,

said Sergiy Taran, a graduate student in political A year ago, Voytovich would have been able toreturn to the United States almost immediately, but now he must wait because of increased background checks.

Not all students have had problems, however particularity those without a spouse or children, like Fan Yu, a third-year law student from China.

“I didn’t have any trouble this year because I was in the middle of the program, but for students who are just entering the country from China, there are huge problems,” Yu said.

Shortly after Sept. 11, the federal government solidified a date for university compliance with a 2000 Student and Exchange Visitor Information System, which the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service created to track international visitors as they enter and leave the country. The current compliance date for colleges to sign up for SEVIS is Jan. 30, 2003, after which the institutions will face fines and other penalties.

Catheryn Gotten, director of Duke’s International Office and a leading authority on SEVIS, expressed concern about reaching the January deadline with the minimal tools and time given, according to The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Other Duke officials remain more optimistic.

“While transition from one software program to another has been somewhat frustrating, Duke was able to issue visa documents for all students in the undergraduate, graduate and professional programs,” said Paul Bumbalough, associate dean of the International Office. This does not guarantee, however, that a student will receive a visa from his science.

—

native country.

-Kira Rosoff

In the midst of the horror and revulsion, the confusion and grief of September 11, 2001, it was already clear that much was bound to change. Now, a year later and far from home, I can’t help wondering if we have changed enough and in the right directions.

Despite the talk of anti-Americanism in Europe, Americans I know here in Italy all have stories to tell about the exceptional sympathy and kindness of Italians in the wake of the tragedy, and the anniversary is being marked with a huge outpouring of commemorations in all the media. American programs in Florence have been informed that a local paper will be providing each of our students with a free copy of a special September 11 supplement. I know that the students, even those whose Italian is still rudimentary, will appreciate the gesture of solidarity.

At the same time, however, Italian media across a broad political spectrum are expressing deep doubts about the attitudes, policies and even the goals of current American policy, and great anxiety about its possible consequences.

There is much concern that, after working hard to achieve a strong international consensus for the war against terrorism in Afghanistan, President George W. Bush’s administration abandoned its search for solidarity to pursue a unilateral agenda. The interpretation of our policy, conveyed in newspaper headlines and the opening summary of news programs, is that the United States is prepared to go it alone against Iraq, with the clear implication of an insensitivity bom of arrogance toward the opinions and concerns of even the closest allies.

From the perspective of the Old World, it is hard to deny that such perceptions are a source of what we sometimes reductively refer to as anti-Americanism. There are those, of course, who have no sympathy or affection for America, but they are relatively few and far between. The current popular attitude is based for the most part on real fears of what could happen if the sole remaining superpower acts without reference to international conventions, world opinion or full consideration of the consequences of its deeds for the rest of humanity.

This fear (justified or not) has certainly been augmented by such things (justified or not) as the rejection of the Kyoto accords, the lack of commitment to international initiatives such as the recent meeting in Johannesburg, and—foremost in the minds of many—the unwillingness of the current administration to use its enormous influence where it is so badly needed, in resolving equitably and finally the Palestinian problem. What seems to many our apparent willingness to leave that matter in the bloody hands of the parties while we concentrate our energies on the threat presented by Iraq seems not only shortsighted but the sign of a politically damaging short attention span. And because of the moral tone set by the language of good and evil with which we justify our policies, many also object to what seems indefensible selectivity and even hypocrisy in our deployment of moral outrage.

Certainly the world has taken on a different aspect in the year that has passed since the terrible events of September 11. That is apparent here in Europe as well as at home. The questions being raised here with increasing insistence seem to amount to this: has the U.S. changed its sense of itself sufficiently in the light of its tragic experience to cope with the new situation? Is America in the end going to leave the isolation of its vaunted exceptionalism or try to cling to it? Will our idea of globalism be fundamentally hegemonic or democratic? These are big questions, worthy of what we have suffered as a nation and fundamentally important in defining who we are and who we want to become. I hope that Americans will take them as seriously as they are being taken by our friends in Europe.

The Chronicle

i:

o^e^^ctyUUJAy Bruce Lawrence

o*

Professor of Islamic Studies

It is now almost a year since time stopped, or seemed to stop, on 11 September 2001. Each day, week, month since then has brought a

numbing set of reflections but none that' addresses the most basic issue: the bond of grief between the families of the. nearly 3,000World Trade Center victims, memorialized not just in NYC but throughout the USA, and the families of the nameless, thousands of Afghans killed since American bombing began in early October 2001.

Do the World Trade Center dead justify the carnage wrought in Afghanistan? Many would answer “yes,” defending a generalized war on terror directed against al Qaeda, countries that aid it and the larger axis of evil—as the necessary response to that initial, horrific death toll.

But as we remember the innocent dead of 11 September, we must also recall the countless other dead and dying who are not accounted for in the current world disorder. A different calculus of mourning comes from post-apartheid South Africa, where very few died in the transition to democracy but among the victims was an American Fulbright student from Stanford. In August 1993 Amy Biehl, who had been working in a black township outside of Capetown, was dragged from her car, then pummeled to death by three shanty town black youth. All three were later convicted ofmurder but spared the death penalty.

End of story? Not quite. Peter Biehl, Amy's father, did not abandon South Africa's dehumanized youth. He launched a foundation to carry on his daughter's work, its goal to humanize South Africa's lost generation of kids and prevent dispossessed black kids from becoming killers. He addressed the root cause of youth murderers in away that President George

Duke ‘Remembers... ‘Duke

Re, ects

W. Bush could have addressed the causes of the mass murder on Sept. 11.

Like Peter Biehl, who tried to confront socio-economic gaps as a fault line in our changing world, we too must wage war by other means to mark the true legacy of 11 September. So far the Bush administration has identified the axis ofevil and waged a war on terror.

But it has not built coalitions that project an axis of good to confront economic as well as political inequities. What U.S. Under Secretary Charlotte Beers calls the world's only “hyperpower” has failed to engage the United Nations as the legitimate instrument for accountability, surveillance and, when necessary, military intervention. A bigger and better response is needed.

Brent Scowcroft, National Security Adviser under former President George Bush, has argued that the doubling of the gap between North and South, rich and poor, from 1960 to 2000 is morally unacceptable. The war on terror, he reasons, cannot be won unless it is matched by a war on poverty. War has to be economic as well as military; it must involve access to basic resources for the poor instead of reliance on high-tech weapons by the rich. The real war is the war for sustainable development, a total war that will involve patient planning, commitment of massive funds and skilled persons, with coordination between governmental and non-govemmental sectors of donor and recipient countries.

Is this a patriotic response to 11 September? Peter Biehl acknowledged total war as the worthiest of American ideals. In his deeds as well as his words, he remains the model American, not just for mourning his daughter but also for mourning the tragic plight of her murderers and, by extension, all the victims of 11 September. We need more Peter Biehls to chart our collective future and to build an axis of good that will prevail.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11,2002

PAGE 5

Six Fallen Alumni On Sept. 11, six Duke alumni died in the terrorist attacks-five in World Trade Centerand one on a downed flight.

the

J. Robinson “Rob” Lenoir, Trin’B4, ofLocust Valley, N.Y., worked ity for Sandler O’Neill & Partners. At Duke, he lettered in football and was a member of Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. He is survived by his wife, Susan Haack Lenoir, Trinity ’B4; his son Andrew, and daughter Courtney; his parents; a brother; and a sister.

Rob Lenoir

Peter Ortale, Trinity ’B7, of New York City worked for Euro Brokers. At Duke, he lettered in lacrosse and was a member of the residential group 8.0.G. He was also a member of the Duke University Metropolitan Alumni Association. He is survived by his wife, Mary Duff-Ortale.

Peter Ortale

Christopher Todd Pitman, Trin’93, of Skanateles, N.Y., worked for Cantor Fitzgerald. At Duke, he was a member ofDelta Tau Delta fraternity. He is survived by his father, Eric Pitman, and his sister, Erica “Tippi” Pitman. ity

Christopher Pitman

THAD PARSONS/THE CHRONICLE

VOLUNTEERS WAIT TO GIVE BLOOD during the American Red Cross blood drive following Sept.

11, while another volunteer already gives.

First response: blood brings life The towers came down, but the sleeves went up.

Both nationally and locally, the American Red Cross experienced a dramatic surge in blood donations immediately following last year’s terrorist attacks. Since then, however, the national blood supply has dropped back to pre-Sept. 11 levels, although many remain hopeful that the anniversary of the attacks will re ignite the charitable zeal that characterized the closing months of 2001.

“I would expect another surge in donations for our next drive, although I don’tknow that it would be as significant as last year,” said senior Naveen Rao, co-president of the Duke University Red Cross Club. “Our club is not going to advertise this next drive as a Sept. 11 anniversary blood drive because we don’t want to capitalize on that to get blood.”

During the Sept. 12-14 blood drive last year, the Duke Red Cross collected 333 pints of blood, surpassing their goal of 285 and bringing in a record 124 first-time donors. The club’s next drive, which took place over three days in November, brought in 248 pints on a goal of 250, but the three-day drives in January and March of 2002 yielded only 212 and 203 pints on goals of 250 and 225, respectively.

Kirsten Kruhm, blood services director for the central North Carolina chapter of the Red Cross, said that the chapter—which counts Duke donations—demonstrated a 20 percent increase in blood donations for the entire year. She said the concentration of donations in September and early October, however, shows a general misconception regarding the constant need for blood throughout the year.

“On Sept. 11 and the days following, for a lot of people giving blood was how they wanted to respond to these tragic events,” Kruhm said. “Now we’re trying to educate and remind people that blood is needed every day. We need 1,500pints every day just to meet local patient need in the Carolinas region.”

Rao attributed the drop in donations in part to the reduced sense of urgency throughout the country as crews discovered few survivors in the rubble of the Twin Towers. He also said some donors may have been discouraged by reports that much of the blood had to be discarded because of its 42-day shelf life.

“People thought their blood was just being thrown away, but especially in the central Carolina area, this was not true,” Rao said Kmhm said some local centers turned away potential donors on and right after Sept. 11 to prevent an excess of blood.

As the Duke Red Cross prepares for its next drive Sept. 18 and 19, many students say that having the drive fall so near the anniversary of the attacks will have an indirect yet important impact on people’s decisions to donate.

“The people giving blood will be people who would be giving blood normally, but they may be making more of an effort to find time to donate," said junior Gwyneth Gravelle, who plans to donate at the upcoming drive.

Sophomore Matt Miller, who is also considering donating at the next drive, agreed. “After Sept. 11 and even a year later, the attacks helped raise awareness of the blood drive. In that way, the attacks were influential in people’s decisions, but not necessarily directly related.”

-Cindy Yee

Todd Rancke

A. Todd Rancke, Trinity ’Bl, of Summit, N.J., worked for Sandler O’Neill & Partners. At Duke, he was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity.

He is survived by his wife, Deborah; his daughters, Christina and Brittany; his son, Todd; two sisters, Pamela Rancke Schroeder, B.S.N. ’75, and Cynthia Rancke Biennmann, B.S.N. ’7B; and a nephew, Steve B. Schroeder, Trinity ’OO.

Frederick C. Rimmele 111, M.D. ’94, of Marblehead, Mass., was a passenger on United Airlines flight 175.

He was a professor of family medicine at Beverly and Hunt Hospitals in Danvers, Mass. He is survived by his wife, Kimberly Trudel; his parents; his sister, Karen M. Connors; and his grandmother, Mrs. Frank Kunzier.

Frederick Rimmele 111

Michael Morgan Taylor, Trinity ’Bl, ofNew York City was a bond trader at Cantor Fitzgerald. He is survived by his parents, James and Claire Taylor; two sisters; a brother; two nephews; and a niece.

Michael Taylor

PAGE 6

‘Remembers... Duke Reffects

The Chronicle

the north. My biggest regret today is that 1 wasn’t there. In the months that passed, I stopped doing work, not seeing the point. I slept almost constantly, and every time I woke up I checked CNN.com to make sure that nothing had happened while I was sleeping as it had

who knew Greg wrote to him. Hundreds of people prayed for him. Greg came home on Aug. 20, 2002.

This year on September 11,1find myself in the greatest city in the world: New York City! I am doing the Duke in New York Program, and there is nowhere on earth that I wouldrather be at this moment.

For those of you who wish you were here, I am overwhelmingly proud to say that New York is as vibrant, feverish, electric and powerful as it ever was, if not more so. For the most part, its people have been on the quiet side about 9/11, despite the media’s hype. As for me, I still check CNN a great deal. I still, and will probably always, look for the twin towers when I see the skyline. And as for Greg, he is enjoying his three weeks of leave, but understands that Iraq looms on the horizon. As Greg wrote on Sept. 15, 2001, “bad things happen, sometimes incredibly bad things, but your life wilt inevitably go on.”

i:

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

Diana Pappas

Trinity junior ,

Diana Pappas is currently studying with the Duke in New York Program A year ago, I remember standing in the middle of the main quad for three hours pressing “redial” on my cell phone, frantic to hear the voices of my family in northeastern New Jersey and my friends in New York City. At the same time, my brother Greg was calling home from Kosovo where he was spending eight months on a peacekeeping mission as an Apache helicopter pilot with the U.S. Army. When I finally got through, my father, a Vietnam veteran, was in tears. His first words to me that morning chilled me to the core: “My baby is going to war.” It was a sentence we had all feared since 1994, when Greg made his decision to attend West Point, as our father had. At this moment, I hated Duke. I hated the fact that I wasn’t 500 miles to

on

(Duke

9/11.

On March 3, at 1:30 a.m., I got a call from my brother telling me that in four hours he would be deployed to Afghanistan. With my brother’s line of work, saying goodbye to him in person had always brought tears to my eyes, the inherent fear of the “what if’ always coming to the surface of my thoughts, but this was different. What can you possibly say to one of the most important people in your life before he goes to war? How do you say goodbye? My mother wrote Greg a letter every day. I sent him food packages. Our brother Jason sent him vitamins. My father simply couldn’t- send anything. Every-

one

Witnesses to Tragedy: Eyewitness

One year ago, freshman Tierney Ahrold did not hear about planes crashing into the World Trade Center on television or the radio. She heard it herself. :

Ahrold was four blocks away, balancing a book on herhead during her ballroom dance class Stuyvesant High School, a prestigious public in lower Manhattan that was used as a sleeping station for rescue workers after Sept. 11.

Chronicle reporter Megan Carroll talked with Ahrold to discover what it meant to experience the events firsthand and how it changed her perat

school

spective on

life.

What happened when the first plane struck the World Trade Center at 8:50 a.m.?

At 8:50, there was a change of class.... I had ballroom dancing, which was possibly the worse thing 1 could have had at that point. We were doing balance practice that day, and we had textbooks on our heads....

[Stuyvesant’s principal] announces, “A plane has hit the World Trade Center.” And I remember thinking at the time, “Wow. That’s a really good reason why we shouldn’t be allowed to go out.” But it never really occurred to us that anything had happened.

We all thought there had been some sort of malfunction.... Somebody says, “Oh my God, guys. They’re saying that it wasn’t an accident.” And, of course, at this point, there’s this sort of jump in your heart.

The second time, I was up on the 10th floor, which is pretty high up according to the buildings surrounding it. You can see pretty well, and I actually watched that one happen.

What did the administration do in response to the crash? How did they instruct the students?

We all went into our homerooms and I had a homeroom on the third floor, thank God, because my best friend had one on the tenth floor, and they literally just stood there watching the whole damn thing. People flying out and jumping and throwing themselves out. Luckily I wasn’t able to see much of that until I got outside.

There was one point they came over the loud speaker and said, “Would the following people please report down to the principal’s office,” and they started naming

people. And

the time that triples that these were siblings that they were calling.

And that these were people whose parents were in the Trade Center at the time....

Everyone was just terrified.

What was the atmosphere like when the first tower collapsed?

It was the most incredible calm and quiet and collected evacuation of any building you could have hoped for. When the second tower fell, and it was so close behind us, I screamed, “They’re bombing the school.” It was so unimaginable.

When we were first evacuating, everyone was very quiet until we eventually got outside, and we started seeing this huge dust cloud that was coming up towards u5.... It was like being in a sandstorm.... At one point we all had to run like hell when the second tower collapsed, so we all ran.

Was it strange for you to witness all the intense coverage on television after you just experienced the event firsthand?

The impression that [the press] gives you is that the whole experience was ahsolutely surreal and that there was sort of this eerie calm that went over all of New York. And the thing was was that watching it happen was shockingly and extraordinarily real. There was nothing surreal about it.

It was incredible sensory. You could feel it everywhere.... [lt] was not an eerie calm or sort of strange beauty as one of the newspapers put it. It was f-king scary.

A couple days later, we were sitting around watching TV because there’s really nothing else that we can do because we were out of school for about two weeks.

You sit there watching the TV trying to figure out what the f--k is really going on.

And 1 saw my bike on TV. It was one of those human interest kinds of shots.... It was gray with dust and all of that.

Were students willing to express their emotions after witnessing the events of Sept. 11?

Nobody really felt like talking about it. No one wanted to discuss it through the school. Everyone was very quiet about it.... I think after a while we just got tired of talking about it because so many people were so interested.

We didn’t really talk about it amongst ourselves. We talked about its effects. Like we

realized

at

since they came in doubles and

iiLiij- i

THAD PARSONS/THE CHRONICLI

STUDENTS IN GRIFFITH FILM THEATER watch coverage of the terrorist attacks last year.

there was increased security or about the fact that our favorite deli was gone. I talked about the fact that my part-time job blew up. But we never talked about “how did you feel” and “are you feeling okay” and “do you feel safe” and all the rest of it.

I feel kind of bad comparing it to the Holocaust, but it’s a very good quote. [Victor Frankel, a Holocaust survivor and author of Man’s Searching for Meaning,] said, “People who weren’t there can never understand, no matter how much you tell them and no matter how many beautiful words you may say about it.” People who were there do not need to have it told to them. So that’s why we don’t talk about it.

I haven’t really thought about it all year. And now that it’s coming up again and I’m listening to what people are thinking about it, I’m wondering what I’m going to do on Sept. 11.1 don’t know how I feel about it anymore.

How have you been personally affected after Sept. 11? Has it forced you to re-evaluate your life?

I definitely took time to look at the relationships in my life—the ones that were helpful to me and the ones that weren’t.

And I realized that I was spending far too

much energy trying to make things work....

And it also changed the way that I looked at a school of overachievers. Just the way that people talked about it. The way people were so concerned about college applications and talking about, “Oh, I guess I could write about this for my college essay.”

I just sat there staring at these people like, “Are you nuts?”

How do you feel about America’s response to Sept. 11 from its patriotism and its “war on terrorism”?

I think that was possibly the worse reaction we could have had. All this happened because someone didn’t take the time to learn how not to hate. And so we didn’t bother to take the time to find out what really happened, what these people are really thinking, why they would do something so horrific—what we really mean as a country if this is what the world thinks of us.

I worked with these little 6-year-old kids across the street in an elementary school. [After Sept. 11], I learned as a 17year-old that life wasn’t a game and has actions and shocking consequences. But these kids are so sweet and innocent. I can’t believe they had to grow up so quickly.

The Chronicle

1: (Duke

‘Remembers... Duke Reffects

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

PAGE 7

The 9/11 Generation When members of Generation Y witnessed the bombing of the World Trade Center, many Americans wondered how the rising youth would react.

One year later, some of these 18-to 25-year-olds feel Sept. 11 has forever altered their generation.

“Our generation could be deemed the generation of terrorism,” said Will Schanbacher, a first-year Divinity student. He said Sept. 11 has incited a new wave of political activism among his peers.

“I think that until this, our generation never really had any experiences like Vietnam or the civil rights movement,” Schanbacher said. “Until Sept. 11, our generation was a somewhat apathetic generation. The economy was great, it seemed there was no need for political activism because the world was moving in a good direction... whereas back in the ’6os, there was something people our age actually got excited about.”

Searching for similar historical experiences, many youths look toward the milestones of their parents’ lives. Senior Obi Amachi compared Sept. 11 to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

“My friend’s parents were talking about where they were when JFK got shot,” Amachi said. “And [Sept. 11] is something for us. I can remember where I was on Sept. 11.”

Sharing this common experience may have created a sense of unity

Paula Lehman Prior to beginning her Duke career this Lehman had lived in Manhattan all her life.

semester,

Paula

What happens after the flags are raised and the dried and the massive hole of rubble has been cleared? With the one-year anniversary of September 11th, all we can think to do is raise more flags, cry more tears, and try to rebuild something out of the memories of the past, no matter how painful and devastating they may be.

For everyone else, life seems to have calmed down and returned back to normal for the most part. An incredible feeling of accomplishment has swept the nation: America will not be beaten down.But for us, the New Yorkers, a permanent feeling of despair still lurks along the walls of the subway stops with the “Missing” posters and the sidewalks tattooedwith “WTC 9-11-01 RIP.” Life is different and you know it as soon as you cross over the Tri-borough Bridge and instinctively look at the skyline and realize that all of downtown is missing. You realize that this is the horrific reality that we can’t turn away from. It’s right there in front of us all the time.

In a strange way, though, it’s not something we really want to leave totally behind us. Sure, some of us still jump at the sight of a low-flying plane climbing the skyline. Some of us still scare at the sound of a fire engine headed downtown. Still, every vigil was jammed and every blood drive had lines around the entire block. For the attack’s six-month anniversary, the city glared two spotlights in the place where the Towers once stood, and as painful as it might have been to see a mere glimmer of what once was two colossal buildings, no heads turned away from the display for the entire month of memorial. In a desperate attempt not to be totally lost in our own sorrows and confusion, we grabbed these memorials as opportunitears are

among young Americans. Freshman Mike Hill volunteered in the relief effort in his home state of New York. “You had Middle Eastern guys,

Arab, Spanish, black, white, Asian—the relief effort justreally brought everyone together in away that I had never seen before. There was so much unity,” he said.

However, that unity may only have been temporary. Hill said that although he saw many people come together to help, he also encountered hate and anger. “[At Duke], there were two kids from New York and an Arab kid, and they were talking about the [American] flag, and the two kids from New York were ready to jump this kid because they had conflicting views,” he said.

Immediately afterSept. 11, a wave of patriotism swept the country.

Senior Fran Lebajo said she did not share that feeling. “For some people, [increased patriotism] was a positive thing, to have a feeling of identity with their country, but for some people I think that was also a reaction of fear,” she said.

Instead, Lebajo said, her generation sees America’s weaknesses in the Sept. 11 attacks.

“I think thatpeople our age grew up thinking thatAmerica is just this invincible power, and that everything we do is right and good,” she said.

“What happened that day made us realize that we’re not invincible.”

When the planes hit the Twin Towers on Sept. 11 of last year,

Trinity freshman ties to rest on each other and sit comfortably in our shared sadness. These memorials gave us a place where it was okay to cry, okay to be weak, okay to stare blankly or to wail at the top of your lungs without any-

really caring.

We don't really like to talk about it anymore.

Maybe it’s because we don’t think other people can possibly understand what it was like to see the smoke rise from the streets of the place you’ve grown up in—not just from some picture shining through a 36” TV but just from walking down the street on your way home from school. How can you understand what it was like watching your father come home in his work suit covered in debris? What it was like watching people run toward the smoke trying to get to theirfamilies?

Or maybe it’s because we don't really understand.

There’s always someone with a more horrific story to tell, with more of a “reason” to cry. The images in our heads of the events of that day take on the essence of some plot-deprived, special effects-based action flick like King Kong or Independence Day. The idea of the Towers falling down seems almost unimaginable. So knowing that it actually happened, knowing it firsthand, makes the world around you completely incomprehensible.

So what do I do now? On September 11th, 2002, I’ll probably sit with my friends from the city, clenched together in a commons room glued to a bigscreen television watching the news, similar to the way we all reacted in the following days after the attacks. 1 don’t deny that there is a time for healing but there is also a sense that there is a resistance both consciously and unconsciously to totally let go. A year later, I still scare at low planes and smile sadly at passing firemen. It’s a day I’ll never forget. It’s what makes me a New Yorker. one

young people all over the United States turned on theirtelevisions or or opened up newspapers for information, turning their attention to current events and world affairs.

radios,

Now, as a result, Amachi said he felt his generation has become more aware of world events in general. “If anything, just the real world, especially here at Duke, is brought a little closer, connecting us

of waking us up,” he said.

Sophomore Phebe Ko said the attacks have forced her to look beyond events in the United States. “I think it’s made all of our generation realize that there’s more conflict out there than we really think,” she said. “All of us were just so afflicted with the loss of the World Trade Center, and it made me think about how other countries go through this every day, and how lucky I am."

Some students feel that this increased attention to current events has not lasted.

“Around Sept. 11 last year, people became a lot more aware of what’s going on in our world, but 1 don’t think that it’s really changed [our generation]” said Caitlin Sherry, a sophomore.

James Park, a senior, agreed. “I don’t think things have changed as drastically as people expected them to. “Day-to-day activity, in general—nothing’s really changed for me.” to world events, kind

-Molly Nicholson

Marianna Torgovnick

Professor of English

New Yorkers felt horror and shock last September—a stony, efficient calm that got us through. “Heroism” the media called it,

though the word applied best to rescue workers at the scene. This year, I’m dreading September 11th and I think that most New Yorkers dread it too. I say “think” because no one here is talking about 9/11 even though no one could stop talking about it last year when we literally breathed the World Trade Center collapse for months when the wind blew from Ground Zero.

When I left Duke this August, newspapers there and the national media had already started coverage of 9/11/2002. But I haven’t heard a peep from New Yorkers and I can’t muster much enthusiasm for a one-year anniversary in a long, grim process of action, reaction and war. Politicians may plan celebrations (called “commemorations” or “tributes”) and angle for advantage. But what, really, is there to celebrate?

People here are quiet. We never know whether those sitting next to us in subways or in restaurants lost family or friends on 9/11.

We’re not eager to revive the memory of what happened then.

Right from the start, feelings in New York were extremely mixed about “the war on terrorism.” The phrase, I’d note, is modeled on “the war on poverty” and “the war on drugs” and may, like them, designate a fight thatcan’t be won and never ends. New Yorkers expressed a much wider range of opinions than got heard on national media or in the halls of congress. And would again, if the media bothered to listen.

As I wrote this piece, I realized that, in the end, I’ll have to mark the day. I’ll probably go to a meditation my yoga teacher, Alan Finger, has announced for mid-day. I attended one last year after it was clear that we had seen unanticipated, quick mass dead and needed to recognize what had happened. Other than that, I’ll probably spend the day quietly, at home.

Things change quickly in New York. But, for now (9/7 as I write), thoughtfulness is the mood: the wish that the attack had never happened, the hope that we can prevent strong feelings from settling into cliche. There’s no nostalgia and no desire to do any of it again.

PAGE 8

<*>

i:

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

(Duke (Remembers.,. (Duke (Reffects

The Chronicle

Durham post-Sept. 11: An altered state

of mind

THAD PARSONS AND ANTHONY KANG/THE CHRONICLE

VISITORS TO THE DURHAM COUNTY COURTHOUSE (TOP RIGHT) were turned away on Sept. 11 as SECURITY OFFICERS (ABOVE) stopped cars at Raleigh-Durham International Airport. CUSTOMERS EAT AT BREAD AND KABOB (RIGHT), an Afghan restaurant whose owner said Durham has been supportive of local Arabs.

Living on alert... increased security restrictions continue to serve as a potent reminder of Sept. 11 at RaleighDurham International Airport and the Fort Bragg military base in Fayetteville, N.C. The notion that an airplane could be turned into a weapon had immediate effects on security regulations at airports across the country. At RDU, a feeling ofnumbness prevailed Sept. 11 as the airport closed down.

“Basically, a job had to be done,” explained Communications Manager Mindy Hamlin, describing how airport employees directed over 10,000 passengers through the airport in just two hours.

When RDU reopened Sept. 13, a number of changes were in place. Most noticeably, only ticketed passengers were allowed past the security checkpoints, the number of carry-on bags was reduced from two to one and passengers were advised to arrive at least two hours before departure.

These changes and others came from the direction of the Federal Aviation Administration.

Other FAA regulations now in place at RDU include more random checks, new restrictions on items permitted on planes and stricter parking regulations.

Additionally, President George W. Bush asked state governors to deploy the national guard to major airports. RDU has also had its own police officers providing law enforcement at the checkpoints since May. Almost none of the security restrictions put in place immediately after Sept. 11 have been re-

laxed, Hamlin said.

The restrictions placed a strain on RDU, but federal money has helped to ease the burden.

“The security measures did take more manpower, more overtime,” Hamlin said. “[For] several months following Sept. 11, our police officers were working 50 to 60 hours a week, no vacation, just to

place.”

The Aviation and Transportation Security Act

ensure security measures were put in

has also affected security regulations at RDU. The passed Nov. 19, 2001, created the Transportation Security Administration, which is responsible for implementing passenger safety guidelines.

The TSA served to federalize many components of airport security. In July, Ronald juhl was named federal security director for RDU. And in August, the federalization of RDU’s checkpoints was completed. In order to fund such measures, the federal government imposed a $2.50 security service fee per passenger per connection.

Security also became a top issue at Fort Bragg, one of the nation’s largest military bases.

Maj. Jan Northstar, a public affairs officer at the base, said additional force protection measures were put in place immediately following Sept. 11 and “access control points” were established.

The security checkpoints were formerly for non-military personnel only, but now military personnel are required to go through the checkpoints act,

as well.

Northstar said that other confidential security also put in place. She said that security Sept. 11 of this year will be high, but not abmeasures were

normally so.

“Everybody remains vigilant any given day,” she explained.

nowadays

In addition to physical changes,

on

some secu-

rity measures have come in the form of bureaucratic reorganization.

“Another thing we’ve done is energized in-

formation sharing across law enforcement agencies,” said Lt. Col. Susan Danielsen, Ft. Bragg provost marshall. “We’ve usually left intelligence material to the FBI, but we’re seeing [it] shared more frequently among local law enforcement.”

Danielsen did not report any major incidents on the base, but said the frequency of reports of suspicious activity has increased since Sept. 11.

-Ruth Carlitz with Ryan Williams

and business as usual?

As North Carolina’s business community reflects the events of last year, officials point to the already declining economy perpetuated by the Sept.

11 tragedy as a cause of suffering business.

At mid-year, North Carolina recorded an unemployment rate of 6.8 percent, a one percent increase since last September and the third worst in the nation. Durham County, however, was one of the state’s business leaders, ranking second in dollars invested and first in jobs created.

Some of the state’s hardest hit sectors included manufacturing and telecommunications for both large and small corporations. Nortel Networks, a communications technology corporation, suffered a 50 percent cut in its number of employees since last September not only in Research Triangle Park, but globally as well.

“We’ve certainly seen that the telecommunications sector has taken a hit,” said Carey Greene, research director of the GreaterDurham Chamber of Commerce. “That was already happening before Sept. 11, though. I wouldn’t say that Sept. 11 really caused it,” he added.

Jackie Rummage, president of Travel Plus of North Carolina, Inc. said while the amount ofher travel agency’s business remained consistent, an increase in domestic travel compensated for a decline in international travel. “[lnternational travel] did decrease,” she said.

“But I think most people who were traveling for business picked up their domestic travel and people traveling for leisure changed their vacations to domestic ones.”

The effects of Sept. 11 on Muslim-run businesses have been negative overall, some owners said.

Burhan Ghanayem, owner ofSubway on Guess Road in Durham, said that immediately after last year’s tragic event, rumors were spread about a celebration that was to take place at the restaurant. on

Ghanayem,

a

Palestinian American, said the

mors were clearly untrue.

“The rumors spread like

ru-

wildfire and business standstill for a while,” he said. “We recieved threatening phone calls—people threatening to come and hurt us, even death threats.”

Although the two weeks after this incident were frightening for Subway’s employees, the next few months were met by positive support by churches, customers and members of the MuslimAmerican community.

“Someone who knew us came and said he wanted to have a 24-hour guard at our store to protect us. A church in South Durham came and threw a surprise party for us to show their support of our business,” he said.

Since then, Ghanayem added, business has been slow but has picked up.

“The amount of positive support we got from people who rejected the bigotry that was shown against us really makes me believe that there are many more good people in America than bigots,” he said.

Bread and Kabob, an Afghan restaurant in Durham, has experienced milder reactions.

“Our customers have done nothing but show support for us,” said Ghouse Loynab, whose father is the owner of the restaurant. “But there are some people here and there, non-customers mainly, who have told us things like ‘go back to your country’. and things like that. They do things like curse and harass customers that come in,” he added.

Loynab said despite some negative remarks, his family’s restaurant has not received any threats and blamed a small business drop on customers’ necessity to be more frugal amidst job losses due to the declining economy.

-Apama Krishnaswamy and Melissa Soucy came to a

The Chronicle

9/11:

(Duke ‘Remembers...

Duke Reflects

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11,2002

Operation: National Research In the year following Sept. 11,the scientific community has witnessed a major push for research that will aid in national security.

In particular, academic researchers, including many at Duke, are developing innovative defenses to some of the most catastrophic of potential threats—chemical and biological agents.

“We’ve certainly seen a shift of a large amount ofresearch focus to things that could be attributed to homeland security,” said John Aheame, visiting professor of public policy studies and an expert on science public policy. In addition to biology and chemistry applications, Aheame pointed to increased concern for defense-conscious engineering design for potential targets like nuclear power plants, buildings and bridges.

“It is amazing the amount of money [the National Institute of Health] will be putting into [biological agent] research,” Professor ofChemistry Michael Pimmg said of the government’s reaction to Sept.

11. Pimmg, who has been developing anti-smallpox drugs for several years, explained that biological research moves slowly, so that despite the increased effort, little has been initiated and completed in the past 12 months.

Pimmg expressed cautious optimism about the nation’s capabilities, especially in genomics. Duke launched its own genomics institute in November 2000 “I think we’re not very secure against bioterrorism... but I have a lot of confidence in our techno-industrial system to do something when it needs to be done,” Pirrung said Improved detection of biological agents through chemical sensors represents another broad front in the technology ofnational defense.

David Brady, professor ofelectrical and computer engineering and directorof the new Fitzpatrick Center for Photonics and Communications Systems, is developing optical sensor systems that can survey an area and identify both people and potentially dangerous substances.

“You detect biological species through their spectra,” Brady said, adding that the technology may have wide-ranging security applications. “The object is to design sensors that don’t take pictures, but actually identify the objects.”

Brady explained that airport security officials already use a similar approach when they swab bags, then examine the swab under a biological sensor. “We’re interested in doing that without the swab,” he said.

The growing emphasis on security-applicable technology has occurred amid increased government concern about the openness of academic research. Earlier this year, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology moved its classified research off campus to ensure security. Duke does not conduct classified research or scientific work that entails government control, Vice Provost for Research James Siedow told Scientific American.

Ahearne explained that an increasing tension between keeping research open and preventing its misuse exists in government.

“Science is fundamentally based on having a free dissemination information,” of Aheame said. “But there’s a lot of debate and discussion about what type ofinformation will be available.”

Pirrung maintained the necessity of keeping scientific results available to everyone but said he has not felt any pressure to safeguard his research. “We operate freely and openly,” he said. “The academic research works on openness.”

Although Aheame said it might be appropriate to place limited restrictions on some research, he cautioned against the “tendency for government to overreact.”

“It has turned out in the past that it’s not so easy to ease the restrictions once they’re there,” Aheame warned. system

-Mike Miller

JEFF BURLIN/THE CHRONICLE

STUDENTS IN A WORLD MUSIC CLASS will study Afghan music as a result of the Sept. 11 attacks. It is one of several classes that have new syllabi as a result of the events of the last year.

Classes reflect current events The Sept. 11 attacks influenced nearly everyaspect of Americans’ lives, and as a result they have also led to changes in widely varying areas of the curriculum, from political science to music.

Louise Meintjes, assistant professor of music, teaches a class this semester titled “Music of the World’s Peoples” and has decided to add a new aspect to her course in order to address recent events—the music of Afghanistan. She said that, considering the prominence of the country in current events, it only seemed appropriate that she make the addition.

“If you consider the media’s attention to the Talibans music censorship and the Taliban’s attention to music itself, then a music class becomes a critical site for learning about the conflict, Meintjes wrote in an e-mail.

She added that the Duke Institute of the Arts has specifically organized a concert by Afghan musicians to coincide with her class.

The musicians will hold a workshop in the class, as well as perform a concert next month.

Robert Keohane

PAGE 9

Professor ofPolitical Science

The following is a reworking of Robert Keohane’s article "The Globalization of Informal Violence, Theories of World Politics, and ‘the Liberalism of Fear.’”

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on the United States illustrate a previously unfamiliar form of globalization: the use of modem technologies of transportation to inflict violence on people who are far away, at low cost. This is what I call the globalization of informal violence: violence by non-state actors, capitalizing on secrecy and surprise to inflict great harm with small material capabilities. Informal violence contrasts not simply with formally declared acts of war but with other forms of violence carried out by states or organizations aspiring to be states and for which responsibility is clearly accepted.

Like other instances of globalization, the globalization of informal violence is not entirely new. In the 17th century non-state violence was an accepted part of world politics. Mercantile companies such as the Dutch and British East India Companies wielded enormous power, which flowed from the barrels of their cannon, and mercenary armies were often used in warfare. Piracy also flourished. Buccaneers such as Captain William Kidd were financed by respectable citizens and officials. Private citizens were authorized by states to act as “privateers,” attacking and capturing merchant ships belonging to subjects of adversary states, and piracy was widespread from the Indian Ocean to the Caribbean.

This era of globalized informal violence was brought to an end by the creation of powerful states whose leaders sought to monopolize the use of violence. When the new means of mass destruction were invented in the 20th century, their use was monopolized by states. In the 20th century informal violence as 1 have defined it was not a major problem for states, which were more concerned with interstate war, civil war and revolutionary movements, led by organizations aspiring to statehood.

Since 9/11, it is once again a major security threat.

The globalization of informal violence, carried out by networks of non-state actors, defined by commitments rather than by territory, has profoundly changed some fundamental foreign policy assumptions. On traditional grounds of national interest, Afghanistan should be one of the least important places in the world for American foreign policy—and until the Soviet invasion of 1979, and again after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 until September 11, the United States all but ignored it. Yet in October 2001 it became the theatre of war. Globalization means, among other things, that threats of violence to our homeland can occur from anywhere. Geographic space is a carrier of informal violence, and no longer a barrier to it.

The obsolescence of the barrier conception of geographic space has troubling implications for foreign policy. Theories of national interest have previously imposed limitations on American intervention abroad.

By asking questions about whether vital national interests are involved in a particular situation abroad, skeptics have sought to counter the moralistic and messianic tendencies that periodically recur in American thinking. In this view, going abroad “in search of monsters to destroy” only created problems. Unfortunately, this caution, salutary as it has been, is premised on the barrier conception of geographical space. In the absence of clear and defensible criteria that American leaders can use to distinguish vital from non-vital interests, the United States is at risk of intervening throughout the world in a variety of conflicts bearing only tangential relationships to what President Bush has called “terrorism with a global reach.”

Many states are restrained by the power ofothers: the United States is too strong for this to be effective. Idealists have often looked to inter' national law as a constraint, but great powers can all too easily ignore it.

Skeptics, or “realists,” have counseled restraint from self-interest, but their arguments have traditionally rested on the assumptions that weak, remote and poor states pose no threat to the United States. One of the great dangers facing United States foreign policy after 9/11 is that none of these restraints remains effective. Without genuine self-restraint, and what the Declaration of Independence calls “a decent respect to the opinions of mankind,” the United States would be in danger of becoming not merely a guardian ofinternational order but in some ways a threat to it. Faced with the globalization ofinformal violence, we will have to figure out how to accept some restraints on ourselves while still acting responsibly and vigorously to protect national, and global, security.

Other classes, such as International Security in the political scidepartment, are examining Sept. 11 in a more traditional light. Seth Weinberger, the graduate student teaching the course, said recent events have increased student enrollment in classes such as this one.

“International security has always been a relevant topic, but all of this has made it more relevant to students and piqued their interest in this area,” Weinberger said.

Although he added that his class will not discuss the events of Sept. 11 specifically, it will examine the issues that surrounded the day and the ramifications on international security since then.

“We are looking at the things that helped create the situation and the events leading to Sept. 11. We will address the issues that stem out of that day but we will not look at the day itself,” Weinberger said.

While some classes have changed only parts of their syllabi, entire courses have originated directly from the Sept. 11 attacks.

Last spring, the history department added a class on the histoence

<*,

ry of Afghanistan, which it plans to continue this spring in a joint

offering with North Carolina State University. The course will feature lectures from visiting Afghan scholars, and the instructors hope the course will ultimately produce a website that will make some of its lectures and other information available to the public.

Krista Wiegand, another political science graduate student, expressed concern, though, about maintaining open and honest student commentary in classes dealing with Sept. 11. Wiegand said that while teaching her class, Terrorism and Violence, she will have to find a way to work around the current political atmosphere, which she said promotes selective censorship.

“Classes about terrorism at universities like Duke are put into an awkward position, in which it’s possible that students will not be as willing as they may have been in the past to openly question the government or even dare to give any degree of credence to terrorists’ grievances,” Wiegand wrote in an e-mail.

-Courtney Charity

PAGE 10

g/n: (Duke (Remembers... Duke (Reffects

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002

The Chronicle

A/

Ebrahim Moosa

Associate Research

Professor of Religion

“There is something after all in the world allowing one man to steal a horse while another must not look at the halter.” Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness Last year a Duke student sent me an angry e-mail claiming that critical questions about U.S. foreign policy in the wake of 9/11 was tantamount to blaming a rape victim. My correspondent was casting the United States as a victim on 9/11/01. A colleague with a razor-sharp mind with whom I shared this correspondence responded, “Would it not be possible for someone to say that the rapist was assaulted?”

On further reflection, I admit that analogies are a poor substitute for either compassion or careful analysis. The only victims are those 3,000 defenseless people who died in New York, Washington and in the fields of Shanksville, Penn, at the hands of murderous terrorists. Real victims are those unaccounted innocents who lost their lives in the villages and cities of Afghanistan in retaliatory U.S. attacks, while most of the masterminds of terror are still at large. For tens of thousands of dependents of victims women, men and children—here and abroad, the memory of these horrible events will forever bring disMaying sadness. i Tobe an internationalist in an atmosphere of blinding patriotism, deep grief, despair and revenge can be emotionally conflicting and rationally exacting. Our commitment as internationalists, in the words of the poet Robert Pinsky, is to only give “allegiance to a state impossible to tell.”

Everyone claims to be a victim these days—Americans, Israelis, Palestinians, Kashmiris, Afghans, Indians, Zimbabweans and Iraqis in an unending list. Is this not another way of abdicating responsibility by means of a pathetic pretense to innocence? Did human beings—their governments and nations—not do ugly things to fellow human beings in the recent past that have produced a most unstable world?

Let me be clear: 1 make no causal link between the crimes of the U.S. government and whatever imaginable retaliation its enemies exacted on innocents. But as rational people each of us—individually and collectively—are also accountable for our contribution to global disorder.

That task of honest and brutal accountability on the part of the world community remains undone.

In an interdependent world we are responsible and accountable for either doing something or failing to do it. Leaders and peoples in the developing world, especially in the Muslim world, have miserably failed to govern their nations with justice and freedom and shattered the destinies ofmillions in the interest of their personal greed, selfish interests and in pursuit of destructive ideologies.

If such nations are guilty, then the developed nations of Europe and America are partners in guilt for subverting the aspirations of millions in the developing world for their shameless support of dictators, double standards in human rights and the all-consuming search for cheap resources and lucrative markets. We tend to forget that for decades, half the globe was turned upside-down in order to destroy socialist-communist societies, irrespective of its human cost. Many Muslim nations blinded by anti-atheistic sentiments, eagerly supported capitalist forces to smash communism. Ironically, yesterday's anti-communist Muslim allies today provide the breeding grounds for terrorism.

In the past year, many deeply concerned Americans, exasperated by my demands for honest U.S. accountability repeatedly ask, “What do you want the United States to do?”

My first reply is, “You are smart enough to figure it out.” Ifpressed, I say, “Treat people with respect.”

1 am then asked, “What do you mean?” Treat all people as ends in themselves, and not as means. When I travel to the Middle East, Africa or South Asia and my hosts complain ofAmerican arrogance and dominance, my response is brutally similar: “Treat yourselves with respect.” I think both my answers can work in either context. Call me naive, but it helps to keep me sane.

—

When the World Trade Center fell last September, one of the first thoughts racing through many Americans’ minds was how their country could have been the target of such an attack. The question sparked debateand discussion inside and outside academia, and among the most common answers are that the events of Sept. 11 resulted from objections to U.S. policies or from violent ideologies of some extremist sects.

Often, answers have split along political lines, with critics of U.S. foreign policy squaring off against defenders of traditional American ideals.

Since the attacks, U.S. foreign policy has focused on fighting the war against terrorism, but interpretations of what caused the attacks continue to shape debates.

Many contend that al Qaeda’s anti-American sentiment can partly be attributed to U.S. support for the Saudi Arabian government. One of Osama bin Laden’s major interests has been to overthrow the current Saudi regime, criticized by many as oppressive, and install an Islamic fundamentalist government.

Robert Keohane, James B. Duke professor of political science, said the United States’ relationship with other countries has been further polarized by its rising military and economic power, the country’s consistent support of Israel and America’s tendency to be moralistic in the arena of international politics. But, he said, that does not necessarily mean U.S. foreign policy should change. "(Some Islamic extremists] are bound to hate us because we stand for a different set of values. There’s nothing we can do about that. That’s not created by us and it’s not a result of our behavior,” Keohane said.

These fundamental differences, Keohane said, may inhibit a group from meeting on common ground with another party or accepting any moral codes or policy approaches in conflict with their own standards. The failure of parties to communicate can lead to rationalizing the use of aggressive tactics.

“Many of these groups believe that their view of Islam and their view of justice is the only view that is legitimate, and therefore they feel justified

in using violence,” said Bruce Jentleson, director of the Sanford Institute of Public Policy and onetime senior foreign policy adviser to former vice president Al Gore.

“Religious extremism is a phenomenon that has emerged everywhere in the world—it doesn’t have anything to do with the fact that they are Arab,” said Miriam Cooke, professor of modem Arabic literature and culture. Others note many mainstream Arabs as well as U.S. allies have expressed hesitation about unilateral action after Sept. 11. Engagement with allies when forming policy has not significantly changed, they said.

“The [President George W] Bush administration’s belligerent language about Iraq and its apparent willingness to use military force unilaterally has reinforced the perception that the U.S. is hostile toward the Arab world, whether that’s fair or not,” said Frederick Mayer, associate professor of public policy. “I think it has even caused resentment or unease among our closest allies.”

Experts also point to growing economic inequality from the rapid spread of globalization and free markets as a potential cause of growing tensions between the United States and groups like al Qaeda. Although many populations admire the United States for its political stability, freedoms and strong economy, Mayer argued that U.S. foreign policy cannot escape a feeling of injustice among groups who have been left behind in the new economy.

“We’re seen as the great beneficiary of economic globalization, and many people in the world who have not benefited from the economic situation see the U.S. as the bad guy. I don’t think that is a really fair perception but it’s easy to scapegoat us,” Mayer said. “Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups don’t exist in a vacuum and so we have to recognize that there are connections between the policies we adopt and the level of animosity toward the U.S. that exists in some places of the world. That doesn’t justify terrorism."

-Jennifer Hasvold

at the Muslim Students

Association’s vigil last September.

Building a supportive community For Arab and Muslim students at Duke, campus climate in the months after the Sept. 11 attacks has been more positive than expected.

Instead of the violent backlash against Arabs and Muslims witnessed in other states, students say Duke’s response toward them has mostly been supportive and encouraging.

For Arab sophomore Mustafa Ben-Halim, Sept.

11 and the following days were times of apprehension and uncertainty about how the University and other students would react to him and his fellow Arab friends. “I was very, very nervous, uptight and self-conscious and obviously for good reason. I thought on campus [the response] would be much worse,” he said.

After a while, however, Ben-Halim realized Sept. 11 didn’t really change the way people responded to him.

“I’m very grateful that people didn’t treat me differently—both my old friends and the new friends I’ve made afterwards, despite what has happened,” BenHalim said.

Other Arab students said the campus response towards them following Sept. 11 has not only been more positive than expected, but has also sparked people’s interest in learning more about the Arab culture and Muslim faith.

“I haven’t experienced anything negative on campus,” said Miyyassah Al-Thani, an Arab sophomore.

“I have found people have actually been more responsive, more willing to learn about the difference between Islam and the intentions behind the terrorists.”

Hiwar president Sajid Anwar, a sophomore

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ALLISON WILLIAMS/THE CHRONICLE

A MUSLIM STUDENT and friend light candles

who is Muslim but not Arab, said with the exception of a few letters printed in The Chronicle, the campus has been supportive ofMuslims and Arabs.

Hiwar is a student group that focuses on North African and Middle Eastern political issues.

“I had a few apprehensions afterSept. 11, but it didn’t take too long to realize there was nothing to worry about,” he said. “Compared to what you’ve read in the news, [the campus response] has been the exact opposite. People have just been trying to leam more. The Arab world and Islam are thingspeople generally didn’t know about until after last year.”

Senior Sadaf Raja, president of the Muslim Students Association, said the campus climate has been favorable towards Muslim students as well.

“Especially after 9/11 we had an outpouring of support from people who knew we were Muslim,” she said.

Although for the most part Duke has been supportive and accommodating of Arab and Muslim students on campus, Ben-Halim said there are still exceptions. He said a few people, mostly those who don’t personally know the students, will make superficial judgments based on appearance and will label them as terrorists.

“I know that a lot of people would definitely see me as an Arab first and then get to know me as a person second,” he said. “I choose to ignore it and be a part of this University and get on with my life, but it is something that’s in the back of my mind because everything [Arabs] do or say is being scrutinized.”

-Christina Ng

Trinity junior

JessicaFuller is a participant in this semester’s Duke in New York Arts and Media Program.

"The subtlest change in New York is something people don't speak much about but that is in everyone s mind. The city, for the first time in its long history, is destructible. A single flight ofplanes no bigger than a wedge ofgeese can quickly end this island fantasy, bum the towers, crumble the bridges, turn the underground passages into lethal chambers, cremate the millions. The intimation of morality is part of New York now; in thesound ofjets overhead, in the black headlines of the latest edition. ”E.B. White, “This is New York,” 1947.

This is an excerpt from the first reading I did for my Duke in N.Y. class. While discussing this article, not a single person brought up the above paragraph. Though written during the times of the Cold War’s nuclear threat, it was chillingly similar to our current times—a prediction come true. Our professor mentioned our silence, adding, “Now 1 know that you’re becoming New Yorkers.”

Walking the streets of New York City, one would have little idea that the first anniversary of the worst attack on U.S. soil is next week. Aside from an occasional flag or flyer, 9/11 is not mentioned. The hologram photos of the World Trade Center and FDNY T-shirts are hawked only to tourists. As the rest of the country buys out Wal-Mart’s stockof American flags, plans vigils and stays glued to 24-hour news channels, this city continues clicking off its New York minutes. New Yorkers don’t want 9/11 to be a day of mass emotional regurgitation. They want 9/11 to be what it was before—a simple date. Unfortunately, that is impossible now.

There is an understood quietness around the attacks. Emotionally, Ground Zero radiates far beyond a few square blocks in lower Manhattan. You never know how the attacks affected the person sitting next to you on the subway. And there is still a sense ofunsettlement. One feels that a knock on wood should follow a mention of the terrorist attacks, as if saying it out loud will make it happen again. But at the same time, there exists a feeling of gratitude and respect among those in the City, just as there is, hopefully, in any city.

As I sit here in Prospect Park, under a sky as blue and clear as it was that fateful day a year ago, I listen to the guitarist the next knoll over. I watch kids run the bases of a makeshift softball field. 1 dodge a kite catching a downward breeze. And I know that 9/11 is not a day to fear, but to remember the awesomeness—both wondorous and terrifying—that surrounds us each and every moment. And 1 wouldn’t want to be anywhere else but here in New York City.

The Chronicle

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Closing Thoughts Stop, think, change—or don’t change—and move on.

The events of Sept. 11, 2001 led many in the Duke community to re-evaluate their lives and personal priorities. As nearly all stared, horrified, in front of televisions watching the day unfold, the unmistakable fragility of life served as a wake-up call. With the ordinary aspects of class and work rigidly in place but any sense of life s routine obliterated, those discordant hours had a conflicting impact on the community.

One year later, as a deluge of the inconceivable sights and sounds of that fateful day return, some are finding that it is time again to consider what is truly important.

Just taking the time to stop and spend time with people like family and friends [is what became important], said senior Jennifer Csik, who canceled her plans to study abroad because of the terrorist attacks. I don t feel like its still an apparent priority, but I do feel like I’ve changed and I’ll put aside my work now to spend time with friends.”

For many, spending more quality time with those most important to them topped the list of postSept. 11 priorities. Students, typically milesfrom family and hometown friends, longed to be near them that day a desire that most did not soon forget. “I definitely put my friends and family on a higher level, sophomore Jennifer Brown said. “I’ve pretty much stayed in close contact with them ever since.... We make sure we have verbal contact with each other once a week.”

Living and working at a university campus can be isolating, but for some the attacks brought the reality of the world to the forefront. Some said they now feel a heightened sense of personal responsibility. “I feel like now I try to do more for the community,” said Csik, president of Toys and Tales, a community service program on campus.

With continuing discussion ofhow the United States became the target for such an attack, many

people began to direct their attention to world affairs.

“I guess one thing that I really started to re-evaluate was the importance of keeping a global perspective with politics. Before I paid more attention to just U.S. elections... but now I pay attention to foreign policy,” said senior Ken Roberts. “I read international newspapers and follow issues like the recent poverty convention and the German elections.”

But not everyone had such personal reactions to the tragedies. Some claimed to have already had a global perspective and explained that their world view and their lives did not change much after the attacks. “Being from another country and being exposed to other countries through relatives, you are exposed to other viewpoints and keep up with current events and you are aware of the conflicts that result in this,” said Dr. Eric Toloza, assistant professor of thoracic surgery.

More commonly, others claimed the attacks did not alter their lives drastically because they had no personal ties to the events. “Everybody’s mindset changed after that,” said Ronald Cates of Devil’s Duplicates. “But as far as me personally,... I’m always striving, but I don’t think I’ve changed any particular habit.”

Still, others expressed a deep change as a result of the terrorist attacks. Today, between the heightened terror alerts that light up the screens of CNN and the solemn toll of the Chapel bells, people are returning to their pledges of personal growth and greater responsibility. Illustrating a new sense of community sought after by many post- Sept. 11, Professor of Mathematics Harold Layton said he felt a greater responsibility to share with his students and others what he deems life’s most important values.

“One thing that occurred to me, in-part, is the importance of being more vocal aboutfundamental ideals and also the importance of speaking out about ignorance,” Layton said. “I feel a stronger personal responsibility about speaking out. Tolerance is an important value, but there are certain things and ideas that we shouldn’t acquiesce to just to be agreeable.”

Religion, as much as family or politics, leapt to the forefront of many people’s minds and some said their faith is what keeps them going. “I would say I reevaluated what I put my trust in because you can get really paranoid if you put trust in just the government, and this definitely strengthened my faith," said sophomore Kimberly Pearson said. “That’s definitely carried over; I’m not afraid to get on a plane because I know God is in control.”

Being geographically far removed from the attacks, some used religion as an active response, rather than just comfort. “For me [my new priority] was just to pray for peace more,” research associate and physician assistant James Schmidt said. “That’s something I still think about.”

-Becky Young

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Reffects

Rebecca Sun, Editor Jessica West, Associate Photography Editor

Jane Hetherington, Photography Editor Special thanks

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Martin Miller In the year since the shocking attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, international symbols of American capitalism and military power, much of our familiar landscape has been altered. Over three thousand lives were lost, an entire section of New York City was wiped off the face of the earth, and emotional aftershocks continue to disturb the stability of countless more adults and children. In response to this attack, in which our own civilian planes were transformed into suicidal missiles, the United States military destroyed the Taliban regime of Afghanistan, where the perpetrators of the violence trained under the leadership of Osama Bin Laden. This campaign, however, proved to be only the start of the response. Since Bin Laden was found to be in control of an international network of terrorist cells rather than a country, President Bush declared war on the phenomenon of terrorism itself.

We are now in that state of war, proclaimed by the president but as yet undeclared by the Congress.

Keeping this in mind, it might be more useful to speak of a proclaimed, rather than a declared, war on terrorism. A declaration of war has been associated with the consent of the Congress and has also been rooted in congressional legislation, despite the fact that wide latitudes of interpretation have accompanied previous examples. The intent of the Gulfof Tonkin Resolution, for example, set the stage for the Vietnam invasion. Although it remains mired in interpretive controversy, it was, nevertheless, a congressional action taken in concert with the wishes of the commander-in-chief.

If there are precedents for the way in which the war on terrorism is being characterized and carried out, it would more likely be the perennial “war on drugs” rather than any of the actual wars we have fought in Vietnam, Korea or the World Wars of the 20th century. This too is a war against a phenomenon, not against a country or an army within a defined territory.

It is also a war proclaimed by presidential decree, not one that has the legislative authority of congressional consent. The battle, such as it is,

Will Willimon

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11,2002 q» PAGE 11

Professor of History sporadically and in various localities around the globe where the source of heroin and opium supplies reside. The war occasionally turns up some victories, as when the cell of a cartel or the leader of a drug supply is eliminated, or when caches of drugs are discovered on their way to distribution in this country. But our long line of “drug czars” has not been successful in winning the war mainly because we have not dealt with the problems ofreducing the demand or of the continuing and indiscriminate criminalization of the drugs.

We are fighting in the wrong jungles.

The war on terrorism, if it is to have the victorious outcome that we all desire, must be fought in an appropriate manner. This, in turn, is dependent on our understanding of what exactly the war is about. The purposes are to defend against future attacks by the enemy, and to preserve our crucial democratic liberties. The mobilization for combat involves a delicate balance, however, between the need for security and the desire for liberty. In real wars, the rules are differentfrom those of civil society. Obedience, not criticism, is a necessity; secrecy, not openness is called for; trials do not operate under the same legal system that we apply away from the battlefield; and both heroism and success are defined in terms of accomplishing derages

structive outcomes.

Liberty and security are both requirements for the stability of any democratic order, and always function uneasily together. This tension increases dramatically when the two zones—the civil and the military—are combined, as our proclaimed war on terrorism appears to demand. How much liberty are we willing to hand over to the sovereign in order to be secure? How far can the power of the president, the attorney general, the director of homeland security and the intelligence agencies of this country extend before we have lessened the foundations of our democratic principles and institutions? We need, in other words, to think hard about how to ensure that we do not weaken our own system in the process of waging a war to guarantee that the enemy does not destroy it.

Dean

of the Chapel

When people outside our Gothic Wonderland ask, “How has 9/11 changed Duke students?” 1 an“Not much." And I can’t decide if this is good news or bad.

Years ago, Harvard’s Arthur Levine, who has done Freshman Year Studies of students for the past four decades, said that when my student generation thought of space exploration, we thought of John Glenn heroically going up against the Russians. When students of the ’Bos thought of space, they saw a schoolteacher being blown up in spaceship Challenger. Between these two are different worlds.

Perhaps it is courageous of today’s students to refuse to see the future exclusively through the lens of 9/11. Just as it was wrong for the terrorists to conceive of our society as embodied in a business tower or in the Pentagon, it would be wrong for Duke students to limit their future to the confines of 9/11.1 tired of hearing Larry King somberly assert, “the day that changed America forever,” followed by “the most important event in the history of the United States.”

No, it is not. Though a massive tragedy, and one which touched me personally, and though it is maybe the most important thing to happen recently, 9/11 did little more than awaken some of us to the way the world is for millions. Perhaps our problem is not that we were changed forever by 9/11 but that we were not changed enough.

In the days after the tragedy, the most overused TV words were “unthinkable” and “unbelievable.”

But think about it we must. Our national leadership is about my age which means that, left to our devices, we will unthinkingly fight this war on the basis of the last, get an advertising guru to come up with a catchy theme song for CNN, and urge everyone to “get back to business.” No longer able to speak of the “New World Order” with a straight face, we devise a slogan simple enough to encapsulate our foreign policy on a bumper sticker—first “America under Attack,” then “America’s New War,” later “America Rising," or “United We Stand,” finally “A Monumental Struggle of Good Versus Evil.” We replay the tapes from Pearl Harbor that confirm our fantasies of national exceptionalism and march out once more to fight for the freedom to shop.

Washington Post writer Robert Kagan called for an all-out declaration of war and said the main question is “whether this generation of Americans is made of the same stuff of the ‘Greatest Generation.”’

Well, 1 hope not. This is not 1941, Iraq is neither Normandy nor Danang. The CIA, even if it became more competent, cannot show us the way to tomorrow because what we need is not more information but more fertile imagination. That’s where you students come in.

It is the nature of modernity to be reductionistic, simplistic—the three causes of the Civil War, the one basic explanation for all human behavior. That sort of thinking gets you through the SAT but not life.

What we now need from Duke students is a kind of defiance (a quality not typical of your polite and deferential generation). We need you to defy our simple explanations. We need your clinch-fisted determination to work beauty, to think deeply and to live courageously and to help us think our way out of this and into a future better than the one we have offered you. In short, we really need from you the sort of thing—bold, imaginative thinking—for which Duke prepares you, if we do our job half right. swer,

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Duke University will hold a series of events on September 11 to mark the anniversary of last year's attacks. All events are open to the public, concluding with a special university symposium at 7 p.m. at the Sanford Institute for Public Policy. Photographs and reports from throughout the day can be accessed on the Web at www.dukenews.duke.edu/911site. The Web site also includes opinion pieces, news releases, art exhibits and other material related to the university's commemoration of the 9/11 attacks.

University-wide Commemoration of September 11 and Other Activities All day until 9 p.m 7:00 a.m

7:00 p.m

8:00 a.m

8:00 a.m

Duke University Hospital: Staff, patients and families are invited to share their reflections at writing station locations at the Duke Hospital Atrium, Duke Clinic Food Court, North Pavilion Food Court and Duke Hospital Chapel (sixth floor).

Duke Hospital Chapel is open with Pastoral Service staff throughout the day leading moments of silence and spiritual songs and reflections. Sixth floor, Duke Hospital.

Tribute at Duke Museum of Art, including the photo essay "Missing: Documenting the Spontaneous Memorials of 9/11."

Duke University President Nannerl O. Keohane, Museum Director Michael P. Mezzatesta and Dean of the Duke Chapel William H. Willimon will speak. Aimee Molloy, director of exhibitions of the Municipal Art Society of New York, the originator of the exhibition, will describe her experiences in New York last September 11, and her work with photographer Martha Cooper in organizing the exhibition.

4:00 p.m

Duke Chapel: Prayers read throughout the day, every hour on the hour, led by chapel Dean William H. Willimon and members of the Religious Life Staff. Duke Chapel.

8:30 a.m

Duke School of Law: Memorial service for Duke students, staff and faculty members to share thoughts and experiences related to Sept. 11. Ends at 8:46 a.m. with a moment of silence. Duke School of Law courtyard.

8:46 a.m.

Ringing of one chime on carillon (crash of American Flight 11 into north tower)

9:03 a.m.

Ringing of one chime on carillon (crash of United Flight 175 into south tower)

9:30 a.m

Fuqua School of Business: Dean Douglas Breeden will gather Fuqua students, faculty and staff for a moment of silence and a few brief remarks. Fox Student Center, Fuqua School.

9:43 a.m

Ringing of one chime on carillon (crash of American Flight 66 into Pentagon)

9:50 a.m

Ringing of one chime on carillon (south tower collapse)

10:00 a.m.

Service of Word and Table in York Chapel of Duke Divinity School; Professor Stanley Hauerwas will preach

10:00 a.m

Durham Regional Hospital: Memorial blood drive until 3 p.m. appointment.

10:10 a.m.

Ringing of one chime on carillon (crash of United Flight 93 in Pennsylvania)

10:28 a.m

Ringing of one chime on carillon (north tower collapse)

11:00 a.m

Ringing of six chimes on carillon in honor of six Duke alumni who perished in the September 11 tragedies: Rob Lenoir (T'B4), Peter Ortale (T'B7), Todd Pitman (T'93), Todd Rancke (T'81), Fred Rimmele (M'94), and Michael Taylor (T'81); followed by the planting of six trees in a memorial grove at the West Edens Link in honor of these alumni.

11:30 a.m. 1 p.m.

Inspirational music played by musicians in the Duke Hospital lobby.

12:00 noon

Memorial service sponsored by Duke Student Government and the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, in front of Duke Chapel

12:00 noon

John Hope Franklin

First floor classroom.

Call 470-5256 to make an

Center: Wednesday "Conversations" Series: There will be an informal conversation about life since September 11 no speakers, just a quiet place for anyone who wishes to talk about life since 9/11. Lower level cafe, Franklin Center, corner of Trent Dr. and Erwin Rd: Parking in the hospital deck.

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12:00 noon

School of Law: Forum on "A Year Later: Examining the Emerging Legal Questions." Featuring Madeline Morris, Scott Silliman, Michael Byers and Christopher Schroeder of the law school. Each will speak for about 10 minutes on one or two crucial legal "pressure points" that 9/11 and the ensuing war on terrorism have brought to the fore, such as: the legality of an invasion of Iraq, the classification and detention of "enemy combatants," the lowering of privacy and civil liberties protections and the options for international prosecution of terrorists. Questions & answers follow. Law School.

12:00 noon

Duke University Hospital: Moment of Silence across the hospital.

12:00 noon and 2 p.m. Diversity Working Group: Showing of the film "Loss and Recovery; Librarians Bear Witness to September 11, 2001."

Carpenter Board Room, Perkins Library.

12:15 p.m

Medical Psychology Conference: Dr. Eric Christopher, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, "On the Events of 9/11/01." 8253 Duke Hospital.

1:00 p.m.

Brief Interfaith Service led by members of the Religious Life Staff in Duke Chapel. Organ music will follow the service until 3:00 p.m.

1:10-2:00 p.m

Department of Political Science: Forum on "The Impact of 9/11 on America's Role in the World." Speakers are Professors Peter Feaver, Michael Gillespie, Bruce Jentleson and Robert Keohane. Remembrance of Peter Ortale and others, followed by discussion. White Lecture Hall, East Campus.

5:15 p.m

Vespers Service in Duke Chapel

7:00 p.m

Symposium at the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy Professor Bruce Kuniholm, "9/11, The 'Great Game' and the Vision Thing" Professor Maureen Quilligan, "What's in a Word: Terrorism" Professor Scott Silliman, "The War on Terrorism: A Legal Quagmire" Professor Bart Haynes M.D., "After Anthrax; Emerging Infections and Biodefense" Closing remarks by Professor Bruce Jentleson, director of the Sanford Institute.

9:00 p.m.

Catholic Mass in Duke Chapel.

WWW.DUKENEWS.DUKE.EDU/911SITE