September 13, 2001

Thursday, September 13, 2001

Sunny High 82, Low 61 www.chronicle.duke.edu Vol. 97, No. 15

The Chronicle

End of Midway Midway Airlines

closed down Wednesday, a month after it filed for bankruptcy.

See page 3

THE INDEPENDENT DAILY AT DUKE UNIVERSITY

Rescue crews search for survivors As officials searched the rubble of the World Trade Center, investigators looked worldwide for suspected terrorists.

By JAMES HERRIOTT and ROBERT McFADDEN The Chronicle and New York Times News

Service

Rescuers combed NEW YORK mountains ofrubble Wednesday at what had been the World Trade Center in a grim search for survivors among the thousands presumed dead in its collapse.

Investigators meantime cast a worldwide net for those behind the hijackers who slammed jetliners into the twin towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Virginia in the worst terrorist attack in American history.

The first clues to the identity ofthose responsible pointed toward five suspects whose movements appear to have taken them to Boston, Canada and Florida, and suggested that the knife-wielding hijackers may have had Middle Eastern and Islamic connections.

Investigators said they believed each of the commandeered planes had been hijacked by groups of three to six men armed with box cutters and plastic knives that would have been difficult for airport security officials to detect.

There was no breakthrough in the case, See RESCUE on page 8 r

RESCUE WORKERS clear debris from the remains of the destroyed World Trade Center towers Wednesday night.

University community continues to mourn Alumni Affairs reports presumed death of 2 alumni

2,500 fill Chapel Quadrangle to grieve

By DAVE INGRAM The Chronicle

By KEVIN LEES

They have gathered there for concerts. They have gathered there for protests. They have gathered there to discuss race, presidential impeachment and the war

The Chronicle

University efforts are underway to determine the status of the many Duke alumni living in the New York

in Vietnam.

And so it was only natural that after the deadliest terrorist attack in American history, thousands of Duke students, faculty and staffsought out the Chapel lawn as a source of comfort.

With the heart of campus as its backdrop, Wednesdays hour-long vigil focused on bridge-building and community while also addressing the audience’s diverse backgrounds. Ten speakers of several faiths took the podium, their remarks interspersed with songs from the Duke University Chorale and the Durham Choral Society. Few questions have been answered this week, but the vigil offered prayer and some consolation to a shaken community.

“It is important for the community to get to take a break and for a time just be together,” Executive Vice President Tallman Trask told the solemn crowd. “When ordinary speech fails, we turn to prayer. Our true community—every man, woman and child on the face of the earth—longs for healing.”

Trask added that President Nan Keohane could

See VIGIL on page 9 �

:

r:

Inside

LEON DUNKLEY, director of the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture, reflects at Wednesday’s vigil outside the Chapel.

continued to react to Tuesday's teT || .. tt k on a leve |B ho| ding a forum on security issues and organizing massive blood drives. See page 3 Th

.

tinim rnmmunitv

Professor of History Ronald Witt takes over as chair of the Arts and Sciences Council, which meets this afternoon for the first time this year. See page 4

City area, especially those who worked at the World Trade Center.

Lanky Funderburk, vice president for alumni affairs, said that two Duke alumni have already been declared either dead or missing and presumed dead.

The first alumnus, who graduated 19905, was on one of the four hithe in jacked airplanes.

The second graduated in the mid1980s, Funderburk said, and was working on the 101st floor ofthe World Trade Center. Funderburk could not release any more information about the victims as ofWednesday evening.

Funderburk said he ran a search late Tuesday night of databases for alumni associated with the zip code for the World Trade Center, 10048. SixtySee ALUMNI on page

9�

Like many people in the Duke community, the national tragedy hit close to home for Duke Athletics Director Joe Alieva. See page 10

The

PAGE 2 �THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001

m

Officials connect suspects to bin Laden

NEWS briefs

»White House defends Bush’s delayed return Confronted by widespread suggestions that President George W. Bush had damaged himself politically by delaying his return to Washington Tuesday, the White House asserted Wednesday that he had done so because of hard evidence that he himself was a target of the terrorists who hijacked airliners and slammed them into the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon.

•

Stock market remains closed today

The nation’s stock markets will not reopen before Friday as New York’s financial district struggles to recover from a terrorist attack that devastated the World Trade Center.

•

Passengers took action against hijackers

Just before United Flight 93 crashed in Pennsylvania, some of the passengers learned of the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon and may have tried to overpower their hijackers and prevent the jetliner from hitting another landmark.

•

Bush gains support from Congress and allies

President George W. Bush condemned terrorist attacks in New York and Washington as “acts of war" Wednesday and won pledges of funding from Congress to aid in recovery and protect the nation’s security. European allies gave their backing to an anticipated military response.

•

Chronicle

Tories postpone announcement until today

The Conservative Party in Great Britain delayed announcing its new leader yesterday, prolonging a contest that began after the party’s massive general election losses in June. Ken Clarke and lain Duncan Smith are vying for the leadership.

News briefs compiled from wire reports.

Investigators Wednesday obtained warrants and carried out searches in three states

By DAVID JOHNSTON and JAMES RISEN

Government officials disclosed that

at least two people believed to be asNew York Times News Sendee sociates of bin Laden, who may have WASHINGTON The hijackers been involved in the attack, entered who commandeered commercial jets the United States recently, slipping that attacked the World Trade Center into the country before the Immigraand the Pentagon were followers of tion and Naturalization Service was Osama bin Laden, the Islamic militant told to prevent their entry.

Acting swiftly Wednesday, investiwho has been blamed for some of the bloodiest attacks against Americans, gators obtained warrants and carried federal authorities said Wednesday. out searches at businesses and homes The authorities said they had also in New Jersey, Massachusetts and identified accomplices in several cities Florida. They made no arrests but inwho had helped plan and execute terrogated several people. They preTuesday’s attack. Officials said they pared biographies of each identified knew who these people were and immember of the hijack teams and portant biographical details about began tracing the recent movements many of them, but declined to provide of the men. With 4,000 FBI agents their names or nationalities and 3,000 FBI support personnel on

See BIN LADEN on page 6 I

NATO pledges support for U.S.

By SUZANNE DALEY

New York Times News Service

BRUSSELS, Belgium NATO invoked a mutual defense clause in its founding treaty for the first time Wednesday, strongly suggesting that the United States would have the support of the allies if it takes military action against those responsible for attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

A NATO statement issued after a meeting of ambassadors to the 19-member alliance said:“If it is determined that this attack was directed from abroad against the United States, it shall be regarded as an action covered by Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.”

“Today we may say aloud before an awe-struck world: ‘We are still masters of our fate. We are still captain of our souls.’”

—Winston Chruchill

the case, Attorney General John Ashcroft said at a news conference Wednesday that, “The Department of Justice is undertaking perhaps the most massive and intensive investigation ever conducted in America.”

Following what he said were numerous “credible leads,” Ashcroft said that each flight was seized by from three to six hijackers who boarded as passengers but overwhelmed the crew with knives and box cutters. He said that the hijack teams included pilots who had been trained in the United States, at least two of them at a commercial flight school in Florida.

A senior US. official said that American intelligence had recently

Article 5, the cornerstone of the alliance, says: “An armed attack” against any of the allies in Europe or North America “shall be considered an attack against them all.” It commits

alliance members to take the necessary measures, including the use of force, to restore security.

The statement amounted to a powerful expression of European solidarity with the United States after a period in which trans-Atlantic relations have been strained by tensions over the Bush administration’s policies in areas ranging from missile defense to the environment. NATO’s secretary-general, George Robertson, said the declaration did not necessarily mean that the alliance would get involved in military action. Nor did it mean that Washington was obliged to act through NATO. “At the moment this is an act of solidarity” Robertson said. ‘lt’s a reaffirmation of a solemn treaty commitment which these countries have entered into.”

Asked whether he believed the alliance would take joint See NATO

on page 6

Event Planning, Alcohol Awareness and Vendor Fair Thursday, Sept. 13 7-8:30 PM Faculty Commons (2nd Floor West Union) •

Vendors, Information on Planning Student Events and Door Prizes!

For more information, call 660-1700

Party Monitor Training Wednesday, Sept. 12 Faculty Commons (2nd Floor West Union) 4-6 PM Wednesday, Sept. 19 Faculty Commons (2nd Floor West Union) 6-8 PM

�

The Chronicle

13. 2001 � PAGE 3

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER

Midway shuts down business � One month after it filed for bankruptcy, Triangle-based Midway Airlines suspended all future flight operations, citing a decline in business travel as part of the reason.

By MATT ATWOOD The Chronicle

Following the cancellation of all flights by the Federal Aviation Administration Tuesday and further drops in revenue, Midway Airlines suspended all future flight operations.

Midway, Raleigh-Durham International Airport’s largest carrier, had filed for bankruptcy and cut back on flight schedules one month ago, citing several factors including a downturn in business travel. Wednesday, the troubled airline shut down its operations completely, immediately laying off about 1,700 employees.

“The company in its current entity will not operate again,” Midway spokesperson Karen Wing said.

She said the recent terrorist attacks, and the subsequent closing of all airports nationwide, were a “very direct factor” in the airline’s decision to suspend operations. “We anticipated there would be a strong decline in demand for air travel going forward,” Wing said. “There were a lot of people requesting refunds, because they were nervous about flying.”

Teresa Damiano, an RDU spokesperson, agreed that the aviation industry would probably take time to recover from the attacks. “I think you will most likely see a decline in interest for a while, obviously, until things %

calm down and stabilize,” she said.

After declaring bankruptcy last month, Midway had cut 700 jobs, grounded 17 aircraft and suspended service to nine cities in an effort to cut back on its costs and repay its debts, securing a $l5 million loan that allowed it to continue its remaining operations. Wing said the effort appeared to be working until Tuesday.

“Things were going gretty well,” she said. “We fully expected to return to normalcy.”

See MIDWAY on page 7

&

CORRECTION In a page 6 article of the Sept. 12 edition, The Chronicle incorrectly reported that HIWAR is a Muslim organization. HIWAR is not religiously-affiliated.

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Spring Semester 2002 Informational Meetings Thursday, Sept. 13 2:30 Friday, Sept. 14 4:00

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FLYERS ON EAST CAMPUS spell out They need blood.’ The American Red Cross is sponsoring blood drives throughout the nation

Duke responds on several levels Bryan Center blood drive attracts hordes of volunteers

By KEVIN LEES The Chronicle

A day after hijacked planes crashed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the Duke community continues to respond in kind, canceling extra-curricular activities and stepping up relief efforts.

In particular, local and University officials have

been inundated with volunteers wishing to donate blood. Even before the drive in the Bryan Center began today, about 800 people had signed up online to make appointments.

Erin Harper, a sophomore who helped organize the drive, said she was thrilled with the turnout and that there will likely be another blood drive within the next few weeks. She hopes student interest will remain strong.

Leslie Rupp, director of development for the central

North Carolina chapter ofthe American Red Cross, said the response across the state has been overwhelming.

“We’re actually at a point right now where we’ve

actually made appointments into next week,” Rupp said. “The need is not going away. It’s going to be here, unfortunately, for a very long time.”

At the Durham office of the Red Cross, 700 people registered to give blood; about 350 were able to donate blood Tuesday. Across Durham, Orange and Wake counties, the Red Cross raised 2,200 pints Tuesday.

“It’s the least you can do,” said freshman Jennifer Cheesborough, who donated blood in the Bryan Center Wednesday afternoon. Cheesborough said she has family in both New, York City and Washington, D.C.

who remained safe.

“This helps you feel closer to the victims,” added her friend and classmate Nicole Desrosiers, Hundreds of students attended the noon vigil (see story, page 1), and as they did so, about 125 students attended a forum at the School of Law. Scott Silliman, a law professor, organized the discussion about the attack’s legal and security implications.

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See UPDATE on page 8

The Chronicle

PAGE 4 � THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001

Union takes over website Cultural historian prepares listing student activities to take over as A&S chair DSG gives up responsibility for the site

By GABRIEL CHEN

regularly and that students check the site for information.

“Establishing and running a successful online student calendar requires a tremendous amount of manpower and energy,” Young said.

“I’m glad that the Union has taken the initiative. They have the manpower to do it.”

Administrators hope the Union will learn from last year’s attempt and not repeat similar mistakes.

“My hope is that they can make necessary changes and improvements,” said Sue Wasiolek, assistant vice president for student affairs.

“With the Union committed to programming, it may be easier for the Union to maintain and advertise the

•

The Chronicle

After Duke Student Government’s online activities calendar failed to elicit much student interest last year, the Duke University Union will launch a new version of the listing at the end of this month.

Union President Brady Beecham, a senior, said the calendar will provide centralized information about campus programs and allow students to publicize student-led events to the entire

Duke community.

“The main difference from the DSG calendar is that we will post the information personally. We get listings of programs from the Event Advising Center, and are also on the mailing

lists of several clubs,” said Beecham, adding that she hopes the calendar will soon become a part of students’ lives.

Last year, DSG Vice President for Community Interaction Sean Young and freshman legislator Katie Laidlaw agreed to administer an online calendar that the University had already established. Calendar Central—located at http://calendar.duke.edu—allowed groups to post events on one calendar.

Despite DSG’s efforts to publicize the site to students and student group presidents, few chose to use it.

Young said it is difficult to make sure student groups post their events

calendar.”

Students like senior Katie Gres said better publicity may help inform the student body about what the new online calendar has to offer.

“I’ve never been on Calendar Central, and I’m not even sure what it was exactly used for,” said Gres. “I don’t think it was advertised a lot.”

Although some upperclassmen expressed skepticism, freshman Melvin Chiang is enthusiastic about the new calendar’s launch.

“I think it will definitely be more useful and convenient compared to the numerous pamphlets that I receive •

from clubs and societies,” he said.

The Program on Values and Ethics in the Marketplace

|

The Chronicle

As a teacher, Ronald Witt has been known to intimidate freshmen on the first day of class with pretend German

accents and esoteric debates about the best translations of foreign literature. But when he chairs his first Arts and Sciences Council meeting today, the history professor expects to bring a more earnest approach.

“I think he is someone who has a lot of respect, who has been at Duke for nearly three decades, and he is someone who is a distinguished scholar,” said William Chafe, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, who nominated Witt for the job.

“He’s very humorous and works well with people.”

Witt—a cultural historian of medieval and Renaissance France and Italy—was elected to his two-year tenure as chair while on leave in Rome earlier this year.

Although he does not yet have a specific agenda for the council, Witt said his goal at this point is for the council to continue developing as an important group at the University..

The body has not always had the level of authority of some other faculty committees, but has dealt with several major issues in recent years, including course evaluations and Curriculum 2000.

“It’s become more important in the life of the school,” Witt said. “When

I’ve been asking people to come up for the council, nobody has turned me down. I’m very gratified I got that kind of response.”

Witt came to Duke from Harvard University in 1971, where he had been an associate professor since 1964 and where he received his Ph.D. In the history department, he has served as associate chair twice and director of graduate studies.

“I hope to do what I can to make sure that the various departments send their full representation to the council, [and also] to encourage the various committees of the council to meet regularly and to report their conclusions to the council on a regular basis,” said Witt, who plans to retire in three years.

The council conducts its business in general body meetings once a month, and also in meetings of several standing committees and an executive committee, whose four new members will be chosen today from a pool of eight candidates nominated by the former executive committee.

In a speech to the council today, Chafe is expected to outline some of his priorities for the body, including examining budget priorities, faculty space, undergraduate living and diversity.

“These issues are weightier issues in the long term [than last year’s],”

he said.

See WITT on page 7 �

jTl# II

Jp ij wjl

f Ttet

By KENNETH REINKER

«a V»his» stti Ethic*

in the Murk&phee

is pleased to announce its activities for the 2001-2002 school year.

The purpose of VEM is to expose undergraduate students to the crucial ethical and practical issues relevant to today’s marketplace. The premise of VEM is that ethics is important—that one’s values influence one’s views on specific problems such as: employer-employee relations, corporate restructuring, international marketing, antitrust, and stakeholder versus shareholder theories of a corporation. VEM helps students see the bridge between ethical theory and the practice of management, between the classroom and the “real world” of industry.

Spring 2002

•

Information Meeting Thursday, September 13 5:30 6:30 p.m., 226 Allen

VEM activities scheduled for this school year: Faculty Research Grants Graduate Program Assistant Course Development Grants Ethics Lecture Series Student Research Grant Post-Doctoral Fellowship •

•

•

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•

•

•

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Last year, VEM proudly funded the following: •

•

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Faculty Research Grants Student Research Grant Post-Doctoral Fellowship

•

•

•

For online applications: vvwvv.aas.duke.edu/study_abroad

Graduate Program Assistant Executive-Expert Visitor Series

Application deadline: October 1

Justice Lecture Series

For more information visit our website at www.vem.duke.edu 5*5

The Chronicle

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001 � PAGE 5

The Chronicle

PAGE 6 � THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001

U.S. officials believe hijacking teams worked independently BIN LADEN from page 2 Officials also said that a group of identified several individuals believed about five men suspected of assisting to be associated with Osama bin the hijackers were under investigaLaden and his organization, and had tion in Union City, N.J, FBI Director Robert S. Mueller 111 notified the INS that they should be placed on a watch list to prevent them said that investigators had attempted from entering the United States. to identify the hijackers’ accomplices, “There was intelligence that these both inside and outside the United guys were potential problems,” the ofStates. ficial noted.

Each of the four hijacking teams After a check, immigration officials had a leader but worked independentresponded that at least two of the peoly, the officials said, although the ple identified had already entered the teams appeared to be aware that their United States, the official said. The actions were being closely coordinated FBI was then notified, and began a with the other groups. search for them, the official said.

At least one of the teams entered The official, who did not provide the United States via Canada and their names, said that it is possible made its way to Boston, where the two that the individuals were somehow in- aircraft that struck the World Trade volved in Tuesday’s attacks.

Center originated.

“Of course, just because they were Each ofthe teams was aided by conpossible associates of Osama bin federates on the ground in Newark, Laden doesn’t tell you that the World Boston and Virginia who were responTrade Center is about to be attacked,” sible for logistical support, including the official added. providing money, rental cars, credit Officials said that a breakthrough in cards and lodging, law enforcement ofthe investigation came when a witness ficials said Wednesday. alerted authorities to a rented car that Moreover, they said that the teams was parked at the Boston airport. The vewere coordinated by an overall comhicle yielded documents, such as an Aramander who has not been identified, bic language flight manual, and other but who apparently helped select the documents that contained the name on flight and targets and choreographed the passenger list of one of the doomed the aerial attacks to occur at roughly flights. From there, officials said, investithe same time. gators found other names of other people The whereabouts of the commandsuspected in the attack. er remains unknown.

NATO resolution condemns attacks as ‘acts of barbarism’ � NATO from page 2

action, Robertson added: “The country attacked has to make the decisions, it has to be the one that asks for help. The United States is still assessing the evidence available. They are the one to make that judgment.”

In Washington, Secretary of State Colin Powell said the statement would “tee up” possible collective military action by the alliance once the terrorists and those behind them have been identified.

In acting after hijackers used stolen jetliners to ram into crowded buildings, NATO also made clear for the first time that it was prepared to see some acts of terrorism as acts of war, even if such circumstances were not envisioned when the treaty was written in 1949.

“The commitment to collective self-defense embodied in the Washington Treaty was entered into in circumstances very different from those that exist now,” said the statement adopted by the North Atlantic Council. “But it remains no less valid and no less essential today, in a world .subject to the scourge of international terrorism.”

The statement also noted pointedly that when NATO leaders met in 1999 on the organization’s 50th anniversary, they condemned terrorism as a threat to world peace and affirmed their “determination to combat it in accordance with their commitments to one another.”

Any decision to embark on military action would require further NATO deliberation, officials said, as would a decision to place national forces under NATO command. But diplomats said that the resolution was a potent gesture of political support for the United States even if it should decide to take action on its own.

NATO officials said that the United States had not asked for the NATO statement, but had said they would “welcome it.” Because the United States is the dominant power within NATO, it appeared that the Bush administration had played a central role in the adoption of the resolution.

The four-paragraph resolution, passed unanimously, said in part, “The United States’ NATO allies stand ready to provide the assistance that may be required as a consequence of these acts of barbarism.”

But some European leaders also urged caution on Wednesday. The foreign ministers of Sweden and Germany, Anna Lindh and Joschka Fischer, both suggested it was too early to talk of military action when so little was known about the origins of Tuesday’s terrorist attacks.

Throughout the day, many Europeans continued to express outrage at the events that left Lower Manhattan under a mountain ofrubble and the Pentagon still smoldering 24 hours later. In London, Prime Minister Tony Blair recalled Parliament from its recess a month early, saying the voices of democracy must speak out after the devastating terror strikes in the United States. “This was an attack not just on a number of buildings in the United States of America, but on the very notion of democracy,” Blair told a news conference at his office at 10 Downing St. While NATO officials met, the foreign ministers of the European Union also gathered in another show of support for the United States.

In a statement, the ministers said they would “spare no efforts to help identify, bring to justice and punish those responsible,”

The Chronicle

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001 � PAGE 7

A&S chair boasts Midway lays off 1,700 workers national awards MIDWAY from page 3 But she said the FAA’s ban on all air traffic, which followed the attacks and continued through Wednesday, had taken away the airline’s revenue stream while its costs continued to pile up.

Damiano said it was unclear how the Midway shutdown would affect the airport in the near future, especially given the confusion surrounding I*

� WITT from page 4

John Thompson, chair of the history department, he has been concerned that the Arts and Science’s long-term plan de-emphasized the humanities, and felt Witt would be able to bring more balance to the council.

“Ron is just the kind of person to take a job like this at this particular time,” he said.

“He’s more capable than anyone else I’ve ever worked with in the academy at seeing not just both sides, but many sides of an issue. He’s really firm, but he’s not inclined to come quickly to a conclusion.”

Last year, Witt published In the Footsteps of the Ancients: The Origins of Humanism from Lovato to Bruni, winner of the Jacques Barzun Prize from the American Philosophical Society, given to the best book in cultural history.

It also won the Phyliss Gordon prize from the Renaissance Society of America—for which Witt serves as vice president—for the best book on the

said

Tuesday’s attacks.

The FAA has ordered all airports to remain closed until they can implement a list of stringent security measures. RDU must also deal with the logistical difficulties caused by having about 80 planes parked “wing tip to wing tip” on the ground, 25 of which were diverted from other destinations Tuesday, said Mirinda Kossoff, another airport spokesperson.

But Damiano said that in the long run, the airport should be able to recuperate from the loss of Midway.

“When things get back to normal, we would expect the law of supply and demand to be put back into effect,” she said. “The expectation is that other carriers... would be able to fill the void of routes that Midway had

left open.”

Damiano did not cite any specific airlines that might replace the routes dropped by Midway, however.

Wing, the Midway spokesperson, said the 1,700 employees who were laid off will receive wages through the end of next week. The 700 jobs cut last month leave the airline with only about 5 percent of its employees remaining.

“There are about 100 of us remaining that are really just here to wrap up operations,” Wing said.

Midway will either refund the money of customers who hold reservations for the future or provide them tickets on another carrier.

Meg Lawson contributed to this story.

H HI Duke University Medical Center “

FAMILY STUDIES PROGRAM AND CLINIC

Renaissance.

“We get to bask in his reflected glory,”Thompson said.

Witt is also writing a new book called The Italian Difference: The Two Cultures of Medieval Italy

(800-1250).

Witt says that his obligations to the Arts and Sciences Council, in addition to his other commitments, will prevent him from finishing the book until next summer.

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PAGE

The Chronicle

8 � THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13,2001

FAA heightens airport security RESCUE from page 1

however, and officials said the inquiry might take weeks or months.

Even though a bomb threat prompted the evacuation of the Empire State building, there were no further terrorist assaults Wednesday, as many had feared. There were, however, further collapses at the Trade Center Plaza. A nation that had been aghast and mostly shut down Tuesday tried to move back toward a semblance of life. Across the country businesses, shopping malls, government offices and skyscrapers reopened. But except for a limited number of flights, commercial aviation remained at a standstill.

Federal aviation officials, who had hoped to reopen the skyways, said that most planes would remain grounded until new security measures could be put in place at the nation’s airports. Only those flights that had been diverted Tuesday—about 2,000 planes in the air at the time ofthe attacks—were allowed to continue to their destinations Wednesday.

But the vast majority ofAmerica’s 35,000 to 40,000 daily flights remained on tarmacs, and there were re-

ports that a growing number of travelers feared flying

ter war zone.

The danger and drama of the search for victims was captured in the rescue of one woman shortly after noon from a pocket of rubble that had been a pedestrian walkway over the West Side Highway. Fire trucks lay buried in the rubble as well, Joe Lashendock, an iron

worker and rescue team member, said.

“Firefighters came across a lady and a fireman,” he said. “The lady was alive. Firefighters went down in the hole. She requested water. They sent in a basket and a neck brace. We all made a chain. She was breathing. Her hand was moving. We said, We’re going to get you out of here.’ She just looked at us. It makes it all worthwhile for the one.”

VTEL/THE CHRONICI

A STUDENT (TOP) READS a newspaper as the vigil takes place. The Wilson dormitory bench (middle left) boasts an American flag as a response to the attacks. A sign in the Bryan Center (middle right) announces the cancellation of films in Griffith Film Theater. The East Campus bridge (bottom) serves as a forum for charged commentary.

Business as usual stops as Duke tries to foster intellectual debate ■

and were canceling reservations and taking ground transportation. Many highways and bus and train terminals were jammed.

The Federal Aviation Administration’s new security measures at airports called for prohibiting knives of any size on board planes, ending curbside check-ins and eliminating all cargo and mail from passenger jets. They also ordered greater scrutiny of planes between flights and unattended vehicles near terminals.

The measures were expected to add to check-in and boarding times.

There were reports of price gouging on gasoline sales in Ohio, Oklahoma, Minnesota and Georgia, up to $5 a gallon in some places, but prices subsided as consumer groups and oil companies offered assurances that oil supplies would not be affected.

The nation’s stock markets were not expected to reopen before Friday or perhaps Monday. The New York Stock Exchange, its shutdown already the longest since World War 11, said it wanted to do nothing to interrupt the search and recovery operations under way a few blocks away.

With jittery financial markets around the world sagging in the wake of the attack, central banks moved Wednesday to restore calm and ease fears that the terrorist attack would lead to a global economic crisis or tip the fragile American economy into recession. The US. Federal Reserve injected $38.25 billion into the financial system by buying government bonds from investment houses. Typically it buys only a few billion dollars worth of bonds in a day.

The scenes of attack—the Pentagon, with one of its five sides in ruins, and the trade center, whose twin towers and three other buildings had collapsed continued to smolder as firefighters and rescue teams hoping for miracles probed the debris in round-theclock operations.

And New York City was far from normal, with financial markets, airports, schools and Broadway theaters closed, and hospitals and morgues braced for casualties in horrendous numbers. The United Nations was evacuated by a bomb threat. While commuter lines, subways and buses resumed near-normal schedules, and schools were to reopen today, Manhattan below 14th Street was a no-man’s land, with transportation and most businesses halted. Police restricted access to streets South of Houston.

The toppled trade center resembled a nuclear-win-

UPDATE from page 3

“Some of the students were asking basically about whatkind of response the U.S. should or would make,” Silliman said.

After the vigil, a handful of students trickled into the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture to discuss the week’s events Leon Dunkley, the center’s director, said the facility would remain open for students as long as needed. Sue Wasiolek, assistant vice president for student affairs, and other top Student Affairs administrators rernained in the crisis center set up Tuesday morning next to the Faculty Commons.

Most scheduled events, however, were canceled, including a speech set for Wednesday afternoon by

John Browne, director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

A taping of Dawson’s Creek, scheduled for Friday, was canceled as well. The television show, which had also planned a Friday casting call, has not rescheduled a date.

“They are not going to be at Chapel Hill this week at all,” said Cabell Smith, radio and TV manager at Duke News Service. “They planned to be here from Wednesday to Friday... Some of their people are stuck in airports around the country. As soon as everyone is back in Wilmington, I’m sure they’ll let us know their plans right away.”

Matt Atwood and Dave Ingram contributed to this story.

The Chronicle

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001 � PAGE 9

Speakers at vigil stress tolerance i*’ VIGIL from page 1

not be at the event because she was in New York City.

Keohane, who called University officials Tuesday afternoon to report that she was okay, plans to return to

Duke today.

The theme of community echoed throughout the Chapel Quadrangle during the vigil. Speakers recited prayers from their respective religions, each trying to find meaning in the horror that gripped New York and Washington, D.C., Tuesday.

“In the midst of change, it is good for us, as people of faith, to cling to things that are constant,” said Methodist minister Jenny Copeland. “We don’t know what to do. We don’t know what to say, or how to act. And we need to know that’s okay.”

Aside from occasional applause, silence prevailed throughout most of the vigil. Attendees—estimated at approximately 2,500 by campus police—sat with stone faces.

Many of the speakers specifically addressed treatment of the Muslim community. Expressing concern that some were already blaming Muslims for the attacks, speakers of all faiths urged the audience not to place blame with-

out evidence.

“Mohammed tells us that never will you enter paradise until you believe, and never will you believe until you demonstrate love. I say in this world we need to demonstrate more love,” said Imam Abdul-Hafiz Waheed, adviser to the Muslim Student Association. “When I look out on this audience and I see the diversity out here, that tells me that God is bringing us together.”

Others repeated the sentiment of unity, adding a vari-

A CROWD OF STUDENTS, FACULTY AND EMPLOYEES listen solemnly at Wednesday’s vigil

Officials track New York alumni P~ ALUMNI from page 1

one names emerged, 51 of which are alumni, four of which are Duke students’ parents and the rest are friends or foundations with a connection to the Uni-

versity.

“[Fifty-one is an] imprecise number,” Funderburk said, noting that no search could be completely exhausted. “In the New York metro area, we have our largest concentration of Duke alumni—around 8,500.”

Specifically, the Fuqua School of Business has set up an operation to locate alumni. Karen Cochran, associate dean for development and alumni relations at the business school, said that they began to receive calls Tuesday afternoon from alumni in New York.

At 1 p.m. Wednesday, Fuqua went live with a

Wanna play some

website at AlumniLink posting names of people who have contacted the alumni affairs office asking about others.

Cochran said Fuqua has a great deal of alumni in the New York metropolitan area. She added that last May, a third of the graduating class went to New York.

So far, the business school has not received word of any deaths.

“We know that doesn’t mean we’re out of the woods,” he said. “Everything we have gotten today has been positive news. We’ve been extremely lucky.”

The World Trade Center housed more than 40,000 workers and was the world’s largest commercial complex. Among the offices the twin towers housed were Morgan Stanley, Salomon Brothers, Inc., America Express Bank and Deutsche Bank AG.

ety of backgrounds and values to the theme of community. “The Mishna teaches us that no one can say ‘My father is better than yours, my religion is better than yours, my country is better than yours,”’ said Rabbi Bruce Seltzer, assistant director of the Freeman Center for Jewish Life.

It may be difficult to focus on the welfare of a single loved one among the deaths of so many, said Peter Burian, professor of classical studies and chair of the Academic Council, who related the guilt felt by a friend. But no guilt is necessary, he said.

“The true story of the event is the collective story of all the lost ones—brothers, sisters, friends, coworkers, aunts, uncles, students, teachers,” he said. “We must use the strength of the community to uphold the fundamental values whose fragility and importance the events of yesterday made clear to us all.”

Before and after the event, community members lingered, discussing the week’s happenings or just sitting in

quiet contemplation.

Sophomore Morgan Johansen said the vigil helped put in perspective the campus effects of the attacks. “I’m really encouraged to see Duke responding in this way, talking about spiritual matters first before talking about retaliation,” he said.

Others who attended the vigil said they do not identify with a particular religion, but that the gathering was still helpfiil. “I really appreciate the efforts of all the speakers to speak to their constituencies, but also to address everyone and to bridge the religious differences,” said Lisa Haziijian, a graduate student in history.

Sports

The Chronicle

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001

� page 10

ACC votes to cancel all events through Saturday

By PAUL DORAN The Chronicle

As a result of the attacks in New York and Washington D.C. on Tuesday, the Atlantic Coast Conference voted to postpone all sporting events through Saturday, Sept 15.

The decision, made yesterday around 4:45 p.m. by a unanimous vote of the ACC athletics directors, came on the heals of the NCAA’s choice to leave sporting event postponements up to the individual conferences.

“It is the opinion of our conference members that this will allow for an appropriate period of reflection and respect for those people who have been impacted by the tragic events that took place yesterday,” ACC commissioner John Swofford said. “A good case can be made for playing or not playing the games this Saturday.

Our schools thoroughly discussed the situation on their own campuses and with each other and voted unanimously to postpone all athletic events through Saturday. We are praying for the safety, health and recovery of all our fellow Americans.”

Five ACC football games, including Duke’s matchup in Death Valley against the Clemson Tigers, were also part of the postponements. While some games have already been rescheduled, the Duke-Clemson match has not.

Conferences on the coasts such as, the ACC, Big East and Pac-10 were the only ones to postpone. Others like the SEC have said they will play. The Big Ten and Big XII, although they have yet to make an official announcement, are also expected to play However, almost everyone in the

ACC and in Duke athletics agreed with the move.

“I think it’s just the right decision for Duke University,” football coach Carl Franks said. “Everybody else in the country’s got their own things they need to consider, but I think it’s most appropriate for us to do that. I don’t think it would be a good idea for us to go get on a plane and fly down there like nothing happened, because something did happen. I think we need to recognize the fact that a lot ofpeople have been affected and life doesn’t go on as normal.”

Quarterback D. Bryant was quick to echo his coach’s sentiments.

“Of course they should have canceled,” he said. “When something like this happens you can’t just sit around, you have to do something.”

Although no one on the football team knows of any deaths, many players, like senior tight end Mike Hart from Sayville, N.Y., were directly effected by the attack.

“I knew one person that was in serious danger,” Hart said. “He actually had to run away from the building falling on top of him.... He actually saw the whole thing. He said he thought he was going to die.... It was really hard for me to think, ‘Why the hell am I playing football today?’”

Athletics Director Joe Alieva also agreed that, in light of the events, the ACC made the best move.

“Sooner or later, we all have to go on. Everyone is at work today, everyone is at school today and classes are going on. I think we are back to business as normal. But the question is: Is CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO a football game with 70,000 people there normal?”

COACH CARL FRANKS AND D. BRYANT, along with the rest of the football team, will not play this weekend.

Attack hit close to home for New York native Alieva

By CRAIG SAPERSTEIN The Chronicle

As athletics director of a school that prides itself on its teams and whose athletes compete on the highest level of collegiate sports, Joe Alieva has to think about his program on a constant basis.

His time- and energy-consuming job seemed almost secondary Tuesday, though, when he first found out about the terrorist tragedies that hit New York and Washington D.C. Ironically, it was a Blue Devil athlete that first informed him of the catastrophic situation.

“I was standing outside of Cameron Indoor Stadium and [baseball player] Wes Goodner came up to me and said, ‘Can you believe what happened at the World Trade Center?’ And I said ‘What are you talking about?”’ Alieva recalled. “He said that a plane had just crashed into it. So I walked back into my office and turned on the TV immediately.”

Not only was Alieva obviously worried about the implications that the attack might have on Duke students and alumni, but it conjured up emotions on a personal level as well. Having grown up in nearby Suffem, N.Y., Alieva and his family members had frequented the World Trade Center for many years.

“The first thing in my mind was that my dad had worked in the World Trade Center,” Alieva said. “He doesn’t work there anymore, but he had worked there for like 25 years. Thank God he was out of there.”

Alieva’s father now resides near the rest of his family in Durham, but the attack certainly left the athletics director thinking of “what if’ situations.

Due to the way he was deeply affected by the calamity, Alieva’s initial reaction was to support the cancellation of sporting events scheduled for this week. joe Alieva

By Tuesday afternoon, many Olympic sporting events were postponed for the remainder of the week, especially those in which Duke teams would have had to travel large distances.

In deference to those who had been affected by the tragedy, Alieva also supported the cancelation of the Duke-Clemson football game Saturday, which was finally postponed late Wednesday afternoon, along with all other ACC games. In his mind, football meant __

SEC and others will play

MLB postpones

The majority of Division I college football games will be played Saturday after the conference commissioners agreed to let their members decide. Only the ACC, Big

NFL remains undecided

Major League Baseball postponed its entire slate

The National Football League has yet to decide whether it will play its games this weekend. It is expected to make an announcement about its schedule this afternoon.

East and Pac-10 canceled.

of games scheduled for both Wednesday and today. The league has yet to decide if it will cancel again on Friday.

little in comparison to the tragedy incurred by the nation as a whole.

“I personally think that we should take the weekend off,” Alieva said, just before he met with other ACC athletics director on a conference call. “I think there’s too much tragedy and out of respect for everything that’s happened, it’s just better to take the weekend off.

Another reason that Alieva was inclined to support a cancellation of all ACC football games was his concern over the safety of his student-athletes and spectators. He cited the fear that many players might have felt if they would have had to fly to Clemson only days after an air-

related incident, not to mention that air travel might not even have been an option given the current refusal ofthe FAA to allow commercial flights to leave the ground. And even if flying hadn’t been an issue, he recognized that some of the team members might have been uneasy about entering a venue with over 70,000 strangers in the aftermath of an attack with faceless perpetrators.

“It could be a good place for a terrorist to do something,” Alieva said,regarding packed football facilities like Clemson’s Memorial Stadium. “Safety’s important, of course, but then the other aspect is just respect that needs to take place.”

Golf off for weekend

UEFA cancels as well

For the first time in five years, the PGA Tour has canceled all of its events for the weekend. This includes the World Golf Championship and two other tournaments.

UEFA, the governing body of European club soccer, has canceled all games scheduled for this week, both in memory of Tuesday’s tragedy and as a security precaution.

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Funds for Fall 2001 Project?

Chartered student organizations seeking funding to conduct cross-cultural, cultural, and diversity related programs during fall 2001 must submit a proposal to the:

OFFICE OF INTERCULTURAL AFFAIRS 107 WEST UNION BUILDING NO LATER THAN TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 2001 Each proposal must include 8 copies of the following

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The objectives of this funding initiative are to assist Duke Student organizations to develop new and strengthen existing cultural programs and events that: Promote collaborative work between different student groups Increase student engagement in campus life through active participation in cultural activities Strengthen Duke University as a multicultural community Create opportunities for cultural groups to express and share their heritage Support emerging cultural communities on campus Enrich and increase the range of events on campus during underprogrammed periods and in underprogrammed areas of campus '

For more information, please call or come by the Office of Intercultural Affairs Division of Student Affairs 107 West Union 684-6756

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Learn all you need to know before spring registration.

QUESTIONS? Email Kevin Poole at kdp@duke.edu

For a free brochure, please call 1-800-2-RECYCLE or visit www. environmentaldefense. org ©

Duke University Department of Theater Studies Info: (919) 660-3343 or www.duke.edu/web/theaterstudies

©NVIRONM6NTAL DCFeNS© finding the ways that work

Comics

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Uyenoyama, Duke University. “Patterns of nucleotide variation in self-incompatibility haplotypes.” 144 Biological Sciences, Teer House: Getting Out of the Rat Race: 12:40 pm.

Managing Time Effectively. To register, call After Hours ‘The Culinary Arts of 416-3853 or 1-888-ASK-DUKE. 7:00 pm.

Guatemala,” Reception and cooking demo N. Roxboro Road, Durham,

by Nancy Kitterman. Tickets are $3 for the public, $2 for students and free to Friends Freewater Films: The Postman Always of DUMA. For information, call 684-5135. Rings Twice.” Tickets are free to Duke stu-5:30 pm. Duke University Museum of Art, dents, $4 for Duke employees, aid $5 for all others. For information, call 684-2911 EastCamous 7:00, 9:30 pm. Griffith Film Theater.

Celebration of the Eucharist (Holy Communion) in the Wesley. Office located in Mary Lou Williams Center for BlackpCulture: the basement of Duke Chapel. 5:30 pm. Film Screening “Four Little Girls.” 00 pm, Wesley Fellowship is the campus ministry 02 West Union Building. Ay film motivated of the United Methodist Church. Rev. that recounts the IPC Church in Birmof a bombing minister.

For Jenny Copeland, campus gc| Cr v me bombing took the information: call 684-6735 or email ingham d) ris and the incident sparked an lives jenny.copeiand@duke.edu. upsurge in activity in the Civil Rights Moveleer House: Safety for Latchkey Kids: ment. The film is being shown to mark the Officer Jim Adams. Call 416-DUKE. 38th anniversary of the bombing.

7:00 pm. 4019 N. Roxboro Rd. -

Friday The University Program in Ecology presents Paul Mou, UNC Greensboro. “Root Development in Heterogenous Nutrient Environments.” A247 LSRC, 12:45pm.

Freewater Films: “Snatch,” with Guy Ritchie, Benicio Del Toro, Brad Pitt, Vinnie Jones. Tickets are free to Duke students, $4 for Duke employees, and $5 for all others.

For information, call 684-2911. 7:00, 9:30 pm. Griffith Film Theater, Bryan Center.

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The Global Rhythms’ International Dance Open to all and it is FREE. 10:00 pm in the Von Canon rooms at the Bryan Center Co-sponsored by international Association, Heflbnic Association, Chinese Student & Scholar Association, International Council, Mi Gente, and more!

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Monica Franklin, Dawn Hall, Yu-hsien Huang, Matt Epley

Saturday March of Dimes WalkAmerica takes place at Centenary United Methodist Church in Smithfield. Registration is at 8:00 am, the walk begins at 9:00 am.

Free Prostate Cancer Screenings, for men age 40 and over. 8:00 am to 12 noon, at Lincoln Community Health Center, Inc., Adult Medical Clinic. 1301 Fayetteville Street in Durham. For more information call 919-956-4025.

A plant sale to benefit the Duke Gardens and its programs will be at the gardens from 9:00 am to 12 noon. Among the greenery for sale will be herbs, camellias, coreopsis, asters, day lilies, and ornamental grasses. The event is held twice a year, once in the spring and once in the fall. For more information call the gardens office at 919-684-3698. leer House: Infant/Child CPR and Safety.

To register, call 416-3853 or 1 888-ASKDUKE. 9:00 am. N. Roxboro Road, Durham.

PAGE 14 � THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13,2001

The Chronicle

s

Spirit shines at Duke Tragedies

sometimes bring about the best in people, as the University has shown these past two days. The terrorism struck deeply at people’s emotions, evoking feelings from sadness over the loss of life to determination to make a difference.

The noon vigil in front of the Chapel exhibited everything that should happen in the aftermath of an event of this magnitude. A diverse group of speakers from several different faiths provided a reflective moment for an impressively large crowd. At the same time, this turnout—a true outpouring of the community—reinforced a tone that everyone is in this together.

On a college campus that sometimes exhibits apathy toward important causes, Wednesday’s crowds were just one way people came together. The area has had blood shortages for the past two years, but now people are turning out in droves. So many have shown up to contribute to this life-saving cause that organizers have not had the capacity to handle everyone.

University leaders have put together many events to address the atrocity. The Sanford Institute of Public Policy had a discussion organized on the very day of the attack. The Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture’s gathering Wednesday provided further reflection upon an event which has forever altered the world.

With President Nan Keohane in New York City and Provost Peter Lange in California, Executive Vice President Tallman Trask has performed admirably by stepping in and facilitating these campus events, including the cancellation of class to attend the vigil.

Ultimately, everyone is dealing with this horrible event, whether they are addressing it in large groups or through more private meditation. Americans everywhere are looking for away to cope with these gut-wrenching events, as well as away to recover and adjust for the future.

These personal reflections, however, must focus upon the tragedy and how to proceed. One of the vigil’s unifying themes was the abhorrence ofprejudice and a reminder that the culprits for this evil act are extremists—no religion advocates such senseless violence. The investigation continues into who made the attack, but no one has pinned specific blame.

With thought on the larger issue, hopefully positive developments will emerge in the long term. On a basic level, caring acts like giving blood must continue as should thoughtful discussions about the desire for freedom versus the need for security.

The resilient American spirit will survive; today is another day to move forward and work toward recovery.

On the record We must use the strength of the community to uphold the fundamental values whose fragility and importance the events of yesterday made clear to us all.

Peter Burian, professor of classical studies and chair of the Academic Council, at the vigil for those affected by Tuesday’s terrorist attacks (see story, page one).

The Chronicle AMBIKA KUMAR, Editor JAMES HERRIOTT, Managing Editor DAVE INGRAM, University Editor KEVIN LEES, University Editor JOHN BUSH, Editorial Page Editor CRAIG SAPERSTEIN, Sports Editor JONATHAN ANGIER, General Manager PRATIK PATEL, Senior Editor ■ MARTIN BARNA, Projects Editor THAD PARSONS, Photography Editor MATT ATWOOD, City dc State Editor CHERAINE STANFORD, Features Editor TIM PERZYK, Recess Editor MATT BRUMM, Health & Science Editor JENNIFER SONG, Health & Science Editor ELLEN MIELKE, TowerVie h' Editor PERI EDELSTEIN, TowerView Managing Editor PAUL DORAN, Sports Managing Editor DREW KLEIN, Sports Photography Editor EVAN DAVIS, Sr. Assoc. Sports Editor ROSALYN TANG, Graphics Editor WHITNEY BECKETT, Wire Editor DEAN CHAPMAN, Wire Editor MEG LAWSON, Sr. Assoc. City & Slate Editor REBECCA SUN, Sr. Assoc. City & Stale Editor MOLLY JACOBS, Sr. Assoc. Features Editor BECKY YOUNG, Sr. Assoc. Features Editor EDDIE GEISINGER, Sr. Assoc. Photography Editor ROBERT TAI, Sr. Assoc. Photography Editor ALAN HALACHMI, Online Manager ALISE EDWARDS, Creative Services Manager SUE NEWSOME, Advertising Director ADRIENNE GRANT, Creative Director CATHERINE MARTIN, Production Manager MARY WEAVER, Operations Manager NALINI MILNE, Advertising Office Manager JORDANA JOFFE, Advertising Manager TOMMY' STERNBERG Advertising Manager The Chronicle, circulation 16.000, is published by the Duke Student Publishing Company, lnc„ a nonprofit corporation independent of Duke University. The opinions expressed in this newspaper are not necessarily those of Duke University, its students, workers, administration or trustees. Unsigned editorials represent the majority view of the editorial board. Columns, letters and cartoons represent the views of the authors.

To reach the Editorial Office (newsroom) at 301 Flowers Building, call 684-2663 or fax 684-4696. To reach the Business Office at 103 West Union Building, call 684-3811. To reach the Advertising Office at 101 West Union Building call 684-3811 or fax 684-8295. Visit The Chronicle Online at http://www.chronicle.duke.edu. © 2001 The Chronicle. Box 90858, Durham, N.C. 27708. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior, written permission of the Business Office. Each individual is entitled to one free copy.

Letters to the editor

Long-term solution needed to combat terrorism This nation will soon find fering of the Palestinian peoout what kind of leader ple. Hundreds of civilians President George W. Bush is, have died within this last and whether America will year during the Middle East violence, on both sides, yet dispense swift justice or control its emotions until the little has been done by facts are out. But we have America or either countries to end the conflict. already made the first misOf course, peace in the take. We should not question “who” at this point, but “why.” Middle East will not come Why would America cause easily, but America’s onesuch hatred among a group sided involvement has of people that the death of caused our nation to be the thousands could cause joy center of all terrorist attenand celebration in other tion. What has America countries? America has done that has caused so taken center stage for the much grief among these anger of Palestinian groups peoples? Certainly, we are and other Islamic fundamensomewhat of a scapegoat, as talists. Most of the ire has Osama bin Laden appears been due to our unilateral to be as of right now; but support of Israel, as it should there are fundamental reahave, but America has also sons that America is hated so much worldwide. We turned a blind eye to the suf-

must address these issues.

Quick strikes at small bands of terrorists will accomplish nothing. They are undeterred by America’s show of force and will only increase the hatred felt abroad. Now is a time to show that America is a nation worthy ofliving up to its namesake as the greatest country in the world. We can choose reconciliation and future peace by working to solve problems, or we can satiate the need to punish those who have hurt us.

Only one path will lead to future peace—the other to a certain continuation of these attacks.

Chris Fleizach Trinity ‘O2

University erred in holding classes during tragedy I am greatly disappointed in the University administration’s decision not to cancel classes Tuesday. This decision shows a lack of

respect for those who were or indirectly directly involved in our nation’s tragedy. I can only imagine how many of the Duke community’s family and friends have been injured or killed in the attacks on New York City and Washington, DC. on Sept. 12.

Even as these attacks were continuing and our nation’s safety was in doubt, classes continued. As soon as the news broke, the administration should have canceled classes to allow students, staff and faculty members to contact anyone who might have been involved. I can only hope that everyone learned of this in a timely manner, and was able to act

Mary Wimberly

appropriately.

This is something we

American courage will prevail As the nation overcomes its initial shock over Tuesday’s attacks, we must now face the long-term consequences ofthese events. All over the country, Americans are grieving for their fallen fellow citizens and wondering whether they too could fall prey to future attacks.

While we should take every precaution to decrease

should have recognized as a national tragedy that affects each and every one of us in some way. Are we not at Duke to be trained to become model members of the community? Then why has the University not taken the first step to set an example for what we stand for as a school, an educational community and a nation?

Trinity ’O4

over

the chance of something like this happening again, we must not allow our way of life to be affected. Terrorism thrives on terror. We as a nation, though deeply saddened, must continue to live our lives as before. If we change the way we go about our daily business out of fear, then the attacks have trul succeeded.

cowardly acts

Yes, we will mourn for those we have lost. But then we citizens and residents of the United States of America will come together and show the cowards who committed this despicable deed something they have none of. Courage.

Ken Chu Pratt ’O4

Students asked to clean up West Campus bus stop Am I the only one who is offended by the mess that the West Campus bus stop has become? The students have taken what is surely the most impressive vista in the region and littered it with weather-beaten announcements, pronouncements, bills and memos.

I understand that this is “their campus;” I understand the issue of free speech. What I do not understand is the

Letters

overkill. Wednesday morning I counted 100 memos taped together appealing for blood donors, as if the events of yesterday were not a sufficient call to arms.

Did no one read the statement from Executive Vice President Tallman Trask yesterday detailing the time and place (and a link to make an appointment) to give blood? Why, then, the incredible waste of paper- (100

memos!), masking tape and time, when a single sheet of paper would do?

I believe that groups that plaster every bus shelter, telephone pole and especially the West Campus bus

stop with announcements should be required to remove them once the event has concluded.

Chris Wardell Transportation Services

Policy

The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identification, phone number and local address. Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

Direct submissions to: Editorial Page Department The Chronicle Box 90858, Durham, NC 27708 Phone;

(919) 684-2663

Fax: (919) 684-4696 E-mail: letters@chronicle.duke.edu

Commentary

The Chronicle

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2001 �PAGE 15

Government must calm public

Staggering emergencies have tested the mettle of past presidents

In modern WASHINGTON peacetime, only the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy matches the enormity of the sheer horror and international angst produced by the

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Lee Harvey Oswald s murder of the president was a direct assault on a nesh-and-blood symbol of American power. Tuesdays murderous assault on buildings that represent our global anC milltary su Premac y carned the same impact. In both cases, the country immediately went on an emergency alert as concerns for national security and fears of a worldwide conspiracy were raised.

The Kennedy assassination turned out to be an isolated evil perpetuated by a loony loner, but this did not dispel the emotional intensity provoked by such an unexpected, cruel event. It is too early to know the extent of the plot behind the worst terrorist attack ever on American soil, but the unprecedented number of deaths guarantees that the deep mourning will be as traumatic.

Not even the shock of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, in which 168 died, compares to the sense of national crisis that staggered this country after JFK’s death and has sent us reeling now.

On Tuesday, all air traffic was forbidden, government buildings evacuated, business halted and the president flown to a safe military base far from Washington.

President George W. Bush’s continuing duty is to maintain communication with the rest of the world, reassure all of us with calm, steady leadership and quickly demonstrate that the guilty will be punished.

This is the heaviest burden that can befall a president, and as important as it is rare. It was former president *

Johnson’s task too in the immediate aftermath of Kennedy’s death.

In such emotional chaos the stability of government, and its primary leader, is .

Commentary put to its greatest test. Shaped by law, tradition and generations of practice, the machinery of governing must function normally to preserve the survival of our democratic system.

Alone in a Parkland Hospital room in Dallas when he was told Kennedy had been declared dead in a surgery room a few steps away, Johnson had no way of knowing why or by whom Kennedy had been shot. It was his responsibility to suspect the worst and guard the country against every possibility, as it is now Bush’s.

A communist plot, a domestic military coup or some other unimaginable orchestrated calamity could not be ruled out in 1963, at the height of the Cold War. In fact, Johnson told me some time afterward that he had indeed originally suspected the Soviets might seek to take advantage of the American confusion to make some big military move.

Taking charge, Johnson ordered the Joint Chiefs of Staff to warn all U.S. combat commands around the world to hold themselves in readiness for action.

The U.S. commander in Bonn, Germany, alerted his troops to a possible invasion from the east.

inevitable, potentially dangerous exposure of returning to the White House, Johnson remained on guard once in the relative safety of the airplane. He ordered the window shades on the lane Ha cal ed for 3 ‘? cal Pjudge \ to rush to the plane to swear him in and invest him with the full powers

of the presidency, assuring the orderly transition before Air Force One flew home. Pennsylvania police were sent to guard the Gettysburg farm of former president Dwight Eisenhower in case he should be a target too. Johnson was on the telephone from the airplane constantly during the flight home, contacting the FBI, the CIA, Cabinet members, all the officials who now had urgent tasks to perform.

Oswald was quickly captured but it took time to establish that he had acted alone, a fact which would be disputed by conspiracy buffs for decades afterward. Two days after JFK’s death, Soviet ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin

appeared in White House aide Horace Busby’s office and plopped a fat file on his desk. “Oswald’s not one of ours,” he said tersely, to reassure the president there had been no Soviet plot. The file was the confidential record of KGB surveillance ofOswald during a visit to the Soviet Union, which concluded he was unstable, untrustworthy and not good spy material.

In retirement later, Johnson told me he thought that Cuban President Fidel Castro was somehow behind Oswald’s deed, but that has never been proven.

Some tragedies are so enormous the country weeps as one, rallying behind a sorrowful president and temporarily putting aside partisan differences that suddenly seem irrelevant. For a time, at least, Bush will have our support, as did Johnson, until the normal spirit of contrariness returns.

Marianne Means’ column is syndicated through the New York Times Wire Service.

Accompanying JFK’s body and Jackie Kennedy and a few staffers, Johnson hastily fled the hospital, where the White House party was physically vulnerable, and headed for the security of Air Force One. Bush too was immediately surrounded by extra protection, initially avoiding the

Sweeping changes necessary to combat threats The horrific events of Tuesday represent more than the loss ofAmerica’s innocence and dismissive attitude toward domestic terrorism. They represent a failure on the part of the intelligence and national security authorities—a failure so colossal that it defies comprehension. In the months and years ahead, there must be a massive and fundamental reassessment of the intelligence apparatus’ and the U.S. military’s practical capabilities.

The people of this country deserve to know how four airliners can be \/f i r nm/ hijacked and capitals of government and commerce attacked without the authorities having a clue. The people also deserve to know that their government will do all it can to make sure that this horror is never repeated again.

Appropriate responses to the tragedy include those that should be taken in the short-term, medium-term and long-term timeframes. Nothing is as important right now as the rescue efforts and the preliminary investigation. To enhance the federal government’s ability to conduct both, Congress must approve President George W. Bush’s request for emergency supplementary funding. At a time like this, any considerations of the Social Security surplus or petty political infighting must automatically go out the window.

The $2O billion figure mentioned is reasonable, but much more may have to be spent on the associated economic recovery—emergency grants to affected individuals and businesses as well as propping up the financial markets. My recommendation would be to supplement the congressional bill by a temporary withdrawal of U.S. shares from the International Monetary Fund.

Next comes our nation’s response to the worst ter-

rorist attack in the history of humanity. The words “act of war” are being frequently used right now, and this is clearly appropriate. Just because the weapons are hijacked airplanes and not cruise missiles doesn’t mean that this is not a war. This is 21st century asymmetric warfare, where the relative size of the combatants is not proportional to their capacity for destruction. Let us be clear about this: None of us know who is responsible, and it is not appropriate to jump to conclusions at this time. It is

clear, however, that whether this attack was perpetrated by a state

entity or a terrorist organization, or both, it must be treated for what its end effect is an attack upon the sovereign power of America.

Any response that the president decides to take needs to be fully coordinated with the U.N. Security

government may be under pressure to use all resources at its disposal, and here I am obviously referring to the nuclear arsenal. This would be a grave error. What we have now in the world is a drastic escalation of international tensions. Russia’s strategic forces are on full alert, for instance, since whoever did this might attempt to target Moscow as well. To reduce this tension, I think that the U.S. Department of Defense should publicly rule out the use of nuclear arms. Most people would agree that such weapons should be used only when the existence or independence of the nation is fundamentally threatis as ened. That is simply not the case now,

Nothing important right now as the rescue efforts and the preliminary

as terrible as the attacks were.

In the medium-term, additional security measures need to be taken to protect American people and the

nation’s infrastructure, whatever the economic cost and inconvenience.

Security at major international airCouncil, NATO, Russia, China and investigation. other U.S. allies. I want to single out ports needs to be supplemented with NATO as the international organizaa permanent law enforcement or tion that has special responsibility at a time like this even a military presence. Our economy depends on a This is the first time in the alliance’s 52-year history safe and efficient system of transporting people and that one of its members was attacked upon its own cargo. Measures must be taken to rebuild confidence in soil. Article V of the alliance’s treaty states most clearthe airlines, which are still the safest mode of transly that “an armed attack against one or more of them... portation in the world. shall be considered an attack against them all.” As the The long-term lessons for the U.S. defense establishpremier military alliance in the world, NATO has ment are too broad to describe in this context. For now, demonstrated its relevance by invoking Article V on I’d like to make one single point. We can see clearly that the $3OO billion our government spends per year on Wednesday and offering the U.S. government all necessary assistance. defense has not bought us security. Without a concerted If it is indeed determined that armed retaliation is multinational effort against terrorism, nothing ever will. appropriate—a decision which is not at all certain—it is absolutely crucial that it be conventional in nature. Our Pavel Molchanov is a Trinity junior.

PAGE 16 ďż˝ THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13,2001

The Chronicle

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