Title: How to Make a Place for the ArtistPhilosopher? Community interventions: from Environment, through Institution, to Companion Species.
Author: Robyn Scanlan
Publication Year/Date: May 2024
Document Version: Art & Philosophy Hons dissertation
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Acknowledgements
Thank you to Manuela De Los Rios for being an inspiring leader and modelling for our community on Hilltown the ways that change in our urban spaces is possible.
Thanks to the Maxwell Centre and all who inhabit Everyone's Kitchen and Garden in sitting alongside me during my Lifework.
Thanks to Aline Hill at Forest Schools for teaching me new ways of seeing, recording, and interacting with the natural environment and learning how to treat it with the mutual care it deserves.
To Undine Sellbach, thank you for being an inspiring female educator, providing me with a language and worldview that I had been in search of, for a long time.
To Dominic Smith and Lorens Holm I appreciate and thank you for your time, listening ear and imparting your knowledge, I have enjoyed the threads of our discussions and look forward to any future discussions.
And lastly, a heartfelt thank you to all those who made space for me during these years of study to grieve the loss of my first child whilst trying to figure out how to mother my second, in a world that has not made much sense until lately.
Abstract
This paper will contribute to a modern understanding of what ‘community’ means and discuss the discord between community and institutions in the urban city. It will also discuss the idea of lifework, as seen through the eyes of artist and will argue that the artist-philosopher should have a place in society as a social pedagogue, enabling them to bridge the gaps created through city planning and city constitutions and fit into existing frameworks, between 1st and 3rd sector and liaise with institutions and advocate on communities, group and individuals behalf with the support of ‘grounds people’ or civics. It will also discuss the need in urban cities for city planners across all disciplines to look at a new universal value based eco-centric framework that influences their work. I urge that they incorporate more personal philosophies of their own, instead of adopting those ideas of other from centuries ago, that relate site-specific engagement make their work their life-work, and i urge that they work in partnership with others to design new tools, such as ones i will propose in this essay, a community ‘toolbox for our future’ that grows and changes with the cities and communities alive today. And to step away from misplaced urban devices that result in stigma and alienation of certain parts of a city, and erasures of the built environment: destroying a sense of place, belonging and mental and physical health of communities due to not conserving and gently mending the fabric that already exists within our built environment.
Keywords: Companion species, eco-mapping, artist-philosopher, urban planning land art, social pedagogy, material heredity, lifework, personhood, civics
Contents
Title...............................................................................................................................................p1
Abstract........................................................................................................................................p2
Acknowledgments ..p3
Contents.......................................................................................................................................p4
Introduction..................................................................................................................................p5
Part 1: Exploring the importance of environmental mapping techniques and land art in urban communities ....p7
Part 2: Using community engagement and relationship building techniques for early community interventions with humans and non-humans and environment. ...p11
Part 3: Making a place for the ArtistPhilosopher..................................................................................................................................p24
Conclusion ......p33
Bibliography................................................................................................................................p34
Introduction
Firstly, in this essay I will look through an ethnographic lens at the need to provide a new value- based framework for city planners, one that is eco-centric and universal in nature, that will ensure a joint approach between sectors and provide mutual care for the environment and its inhabitants. And a discussion around the ideas of Ebeneezer Howards Garden cities, and comparing Dundee to his green revolution, as it is now hosting a triumphant amount of community gardens and green spaces, that are spreading across the city much like Howard envisioned for our urban spaces over 100 years ago and discuss how through conservative surgery we can repair the body of our cities and make this vision a goal to strive towards a Eutopia.
Secondly, it has a more in-depth look at the area where I live and work as an artist-philosopher.
I will be exploring the importance of environmental mapping via a contextual safeguarding framework in urban communities to evidence the need for early interventions. I will discuss hands on art-philosophy practice such as Land Art (photography, mapping, physical interactions with the environment) builds trust and relationships as seeing is believing, enabling artist-philosophers to carry out much needed sitespecific research with groups such as schools and community groups. I will provide examples of mapping and research tools I have designed or discovered that I have utilized, inspired by Ebeneezer Howard, Geddes, and other thinkers; scientists, artist's, gardeners and philosophers, to start to design and put together a ‘toolbox for the future’ that can be used by the Hilltown eco group firstly and then by institutions and communities to enable them to make swift positive change within the city environment.
I will argue that the lack of trust and laisse- faire attitude by institutions and city constitutions has created a discord between them and the Dundee community, and will discuss how through the agency of community of humans and their companion species working together we are able to make changes to our environment despite the neglect of our city, leading to an alienation between locals and visitors to our city such as students, and tourists, forming a gentrified city center and creating a conclave on its outskirts.
Thirdly, through an exploration of the idea of ‘lifework’ and a synopsis of my own lifework as a multidisciplinary worker in my local area of Cold side in Dundee through a series of interventions and research I have carried out through engaging with the local environment and its inhabitants via my art practice Inspired by a social pedagogy approach and Donna Harraway’s ideas on companion species when thinking about ‘community’ as being a collective of human and non-humans. Discuss Patrick Geddes's ideas of conservation surgery and the Paleotechnic vs Neotechnic city in urban planning, and how his and others architectural and urban planning devices may have contributed to the downfall of our cities and resulted in their erasure. I will also be contrasting Katie Philips’ work in ‘The city and its Social Field/Hilltown Enclave’ alongside my own lifework. Lastly, I will argue the need for a place for artistphilosopher and eco-centric social pedagogy within our cities in institutions, city constitutions, ‘community,’ and society.
Lastly, concluding remarks are offered where I will argue that the artist-philosophers place in society is as an educator moving between education, health, social care and environment and urban planning, by embracing the role of social pedagogues with an eco-centric approach in society we can help through a universal shared eco-centric value system we can bring them back together, and make Dundee a city of Co-operation not competition, as it already shows great promise.
Part one: Exploring the importance of environmental mapping techniques and land art in urban communities
In order to consider a space for artist- philosopher within the city fabric later in this essay, I needed first to consider the various environments, institutions, and communities they can be found in, in light of the enormity of this task, as each artist philosopher will find themselves in different spaces, with differing communities. I have narrowed this down to my own ‘lifework’ - practice as artist-philosopher engaging in local community, relations, and place-based research.
This ethnographic collection of my practice over the years uses a mixture of synoptic philosophy through art and horticulture, based on the needs and gaps I have identified within myself, my family life and within my surrounding community and environment that I find myself living and working in.
When my daughter was diagnosed in early 2018 with environmental blood cancer, multiple myeloma, I started to see and think about the world around in a different, microscopic level. Following a forest schools' course, shortly after at Bonaly, near Edinburgh, reinforced my ideas about the world. I felt not as alone with my views, I was with likeminded individuals. I started to think about how we live, our home, our street, our community, our city, and place in the world on planet earth. Within urban ecologies, there is a twofold editing process, as we humans and our companion species operate and alter the environment, it alters our bodies and genes.
Contextual safeguarding is a process I carry out with the young people I support in a health and social care role, and I wondered why we do not do this for everyone, including our companion species as we all rely on each other, us more so than them. micro-mapping looking, looking at cities anew, habitat, biotopes, regional, environmental cancer, natures cultures that will be created for the and in a multidisciplinary and multi-faceted way to capture macroscopic and microscopic views or our urban habitats. With one cancer diagnosis in a minute, it is time we started to look at our life within cities and start to make changes for our future generations, before it is too late.
On reading London before the Green Belt urban ecology is no new concept and was properly explored before 1970’s as a practice but only recognized in western academia, in the past 50 years as cities have expanded more it more relevant, is the work of fitter and other who carried out nature conservation programe within cities, its these early interventions that have become the focus as my practice as an artist philosopher and I would like to propose that there should be a place within the cities structure and governance for the artist philosopher to aid in early interventions within the social sphere of cities, in communities composed not only of humans but in Harraways meaning of the word their companion species too i.e. plants animals trees etc.
The introduction to biotopes being used by Fitter (said to be the same as habitat) not a macroscopic view microscopic is so important for land artists and why access to labs by the public in community centers and schools like the askus lab, the first of its kind in Scotland (ASKUS) an art and science lab for the public. Comparing London at the time London at the time to the scheme live in the Hilltown ‘’there were no signs of outwards density...no closely packed blocks, no streets gasping for a view of the sky, and its identity lies not in squares streets and yards but in interconnected parks and gardens...’’ however its modern equivalent no longer embracing a six of housing and higher rise blocks gave way to this look, loss of outdoor spaces that were abundant nature that sprag up everywhere. With the demolition of the
asbestos filled multi’s came in 2011 on Hilltown we could see he sky again, was the erasure of a community history, memory, and open shared green and community spaces and the introduction of more carparks, pollution and less space for children and our companion species to carry out their life work, in a safe way.
Ebeneezer Howards ‘Garden Cities of Tomorrow” text with accompanying maps are still insightful but with the hindsight of science and time we can see that these flat maps are unable to capture the complexity of our natural and human-made environments and the impact they have on us and we in turn have on them. Ebeneezer advocated for slum less and smog less societies, urban planners and architects inspired by him and despite his maps not being 3d he is addressing the problems in our biosphere and taking on an eco-centric view of our cities. However, Ebeneezer also placed factories etc. next to places where food was growing, we know now than this is not good for food if it in grown near these places, all for urban farming, already know use of pesticides and fungicides and over farming causing soil erosion illness etc.
In his garden city plans it is also clear to see that those inflicted by health or social ills are put into their own sections (much like the enclaves of Hilltown that Philips draws attentions to in her architectural journal) but as opposed to Ebeneezer Philips she wants to draw attention to the enclave in the Hilltown, resulting in a break away from these stigmas, through the use of urban device, that pulls people away from the center and up the Hilltown
Ebenezer
didn't acknowledge that knocking down the slums does not get rid of the social problems. This societal neglect and the loss that comes from a lack of commons and in agency living in an urban space makes happen. These new housing schemes that replace the slums have now become modern day slums that caused the slum area to get so bad in the first place, the housing in Dundee that was put up to house the people from the slums has after 60 years become Highrise slums, the remaining multis on the Hilltown, Lochee especially people have been left to rot in their own excrement and rubbish.
The Living Together art exhibition overseen by Mathew Jarron in the Lamb Gallery in 2014, saw the rise and fall of the Dundee multi’s, no one talks about mental impact and societal loss this has on communities. Many Dundonians lament the loss of our many historic and characteristic places that could have been renovated not ripped down by the town planners, we would have a real sense of identity, character, and perhaps stronger successful communities that do not need to keep rebuilding their lives very 40 years. The exhibition would benefit from going further and including more elements of the living inhabitants in combination with photographs of the homes and architects' drawings/plans. In ‘’London before the greenbelt” Irene Shalbert mentions RSR Fitter, a naturalist
’Fitter was offering an account of a city (then one of the largest in the world) in which the nonhuman and the human- nature and social sphere- were created together and were mutually beneficial...’
Katie Philips talks of an enclave in the Hilltown- Where does this mini revolution come from, , not only from the loss felt from people in community that is often experiences within cities built
on individualism, competition and capitalist gain, but a generations of loss passed down from those who only a few generations ago moved to the cities for work from farms, and fishing villages and highlands and islands, due to poverty and famine, colonialism, and those from war torn places such as Ukraine, Afghanistan, Palestine, Bangladesh that have seen their cities and farms pulverized and their ways of living on the land and ways of working within the environment they found themselves destroyed in the process and also places of natural disasters.
Within Ebeneezer's successes in Garden city experiments I can see modern day natural experiments echoed in the culture of Dundee today, within its Grow Dundee network consisting of humans, with a great affinity with our companion species frogs, insects, birds, plants, and trees and more.
The physical impact the constant rise and fall of these cities has on the environment, particularly the areas that are built up with less room for pollutants to escape via water, wind, soil. What is the real impact of the bombing of our cities, environmental violence.... ‘’44 multis in Dundee which were a defining characteristic of the city before they became less popular and now only 11 remain.’’ so 33 bombings in Dundee, by Safedem demolition, should be called ‘save them’ not Safedem.
Once we leave the safety of our mother's womb, oxygen, food and blood no longer filter through our mother. My daughter took her our first breaths in Stobswell, 5 minute walk from the Hilltown multi-Storey sight on Alexander street, four days after my daughter was born when she came out the hospital the Hilltown multi’s were blown to smithereens releasing a mushroom like cloud of visible and invisible particles, heavy metals such as steel, plastic, concrete, asbestos fibers, large dust into the air which settled over the built-up area where i lived, making its way into the soil, into our homes, into her tiny lungs.
We moved when she was less than a year old to a flat in Hilltown directly round the corner, the dust from the site, catching the high winds and blowing it in and past her window down Hilltown towards the city center This moment of choosing a place to stay still haunts me My daughter on her way home from nursery would walk over the rubble that lay there for several years despite promises from the local council and Safedem that it would be removed soon after demolition
During our play we would pretend the tiny ravines where the rain was washing away the dust and debris, were little rivers, and would play boats as we followed where it had been naturally following the curve of the hill. The site had not been sealed or remediated properly, but left to its own devices, to let nature take its course, down the side of the hill none the wiser that in that dust in debris was ridden with contaminants that young children are more susceptible to. In one Dundee city council report there was a quote that stated ‘’possible asbestos contamination’’
Another more troubling part about it all is the new community campus, growing space and garden and children's playgrounds are all built on top of the rubble, the school has been built on top of the detritus of society.
Part two: Using community engagement and relationship building techniques for early community interventions with humans and non-humans and the environment.
’Aristotle the founder of civic studies, as of so many others wisely insisted upon the importance, not only of comparing city constitutions (as he did, a hundred and sixty-three of them), but of seeing our city with our own eyes. He urged that our view be truly synoptic, a word which had not then become abstract, but was vividly concrete, as its make-up shows : a seeing of the city, and this as a whole ; like Athens from its Acropolis, like city and Acropolis together the real Athens from Lycabettos and from Piraeus, from hill- top and from sea. Large views in the abstract, Aristotle knew and thus compressedly said, depend upon large views in the concrete. Forgetting thus to base them is the weakness which has so constantly ruined the philosopher, and has left him, despite his marvelous abstract powers, in one age a sophist in spite of Aristotle, in another a schoolman in spite of Albertus Magnus, or again a pedant in spite of Bacon. So also in later times ; and with deadly results to civics, and thence to cities.’’ stated (Geddes,page 15)
Ebeneezer Howard in Garden Cities of Tomorrow, in chapter 12, Social Cities uses an analogy by referring to the extension of railways and the obstacles that needed to be overcome to build these ie land rights, he compares this to the construction of garden cities This is an issue that I can relate to as a community gardener, one I find to be an impossible task that takes too long to overcome, as trying to get permission to use any land is a lengthy soul destroying process and projects cannot take place reactively and flexibly (much like the old ‘’commons’’ described by Federici would have functioned) around the residents or community's needs, one not bound up in bureaucracy.
A small example of this is at Camperdown country park, this planter on the left below that has been empty for at least 10 years, since a water feature was removed, next to Campy Growers Community Garden, I hoped I could grow edible grains (grasses within it) but was told i would need to put in project proposals commit to several years' worth of work and couldn't as a single artist take on such a project, as I would not be reliable, the council wants to give out space to groups instead, they also said they are going to be planting flowers in here. I could not go ahead with the project for the season as it would take too long to get permissions and a group, an educational opportunity missed. This is the same planter a year later below, the righthand image no changes have been made, still wild self-seeded grass is in it. This is an example of the lack of commons available in Dundee, and lack of trust by Dundee City Council and its citizens which is reflected in our neglected environment.
Ebeneezer Howards states in Social Cities (Ebenezer et al., 1973.) for the need for large spaces to make change, but state it too far gone for that, and we need to utilize small spaces in a natural way, I agree with this and think that individuals are just as important, having more agency sometimes than big institutions.
Below is a copy of the eco map I'm developing with the community center and school that is relations based, this has come about as I feel the Maxwell Community Garden works more naturally, sustainably, inclusively, and respectfully compared with the City Council services, everything is waiting approvals, Maxwell out of an initial lack of resource uses the agency of the community and this is reflected in how successful they are, as they are reactive and flexible in meeting the needs of the community and there is an element of trust between all persons. Each line of the diagram represents relationships, ack of or ones that need to be worked on, this is working document, and will change and develop and i engage and interact with the community. This map started out as a contextual safeguarding map used by social workers seen in example 1 and health and social care workers, has developed into an eco-maps that puts the institution and not the individual at the heart of change, to address problems and look to look at gaps that needs to be addressed ads they are the ones with the most resources, and individuals cannot be excepted to make change if not brought into the fold of these institutions.
Eco map developed further by me to include humans, institutions and our companion species based on the Scottish governments contextual safeguarding maps.
An example of where this can be used would be by social and health professionals' meetings, at Dundee CAN, creative Dundee, Dundee community network grow Dundee changemakers workshop, schools can use i and Dundee community centers and rangers, CAN previously chaired by the council, and now chaired and facilitated by Dundee University. (Cultural Agency Network) which includes but is not limited to education, Botanic and Community Gardens, local councils, museum's collections, art galleries, and art space for the growth of our city as educational institutions.
The Our Ladies primary school eco group and I the artist-philosopher/social pedagogue will introduce the dome tool as a way of 3d mapping and look at air and soil science, before the growing season commences. Also, we can also look at water collection and retention.
This 3D mapping and urban planning tool can be split into two large pieces and then broken down more into splices, which will give a ''round robin'' representation of differing areas large or small representing above ground and below ground, Ebeneezer's original plans for smog less cities it's important to view the sky, air biosphere as someplace that's needs to be mapped much
The Outer dome consists of at its base layer either soil, asphalt, concrete, bricks, the flora, fauna, surfaces such as pavements, walls, buildings, humans and companion species, cars, the air we breathe, river, burns, lochs and lakes, the weather
Splices 1+
These can be used to give a more in detail example of the 3d space, each piece can be further broken down into smaller splices if needed. Much like Ebeneezer Howards garden city maps.... These can be used with communities or urban [lanners or anyone to have in detail looks at
the inner dome we could have soil, building debris, roots, seeds, toxic waste i.e. nuclear, microbial life, more companion species, worms, moles etc... pipes, fiber optic, mycelium if it is Garden cities were about city farming, growing garden important to leave room for natural elements such as water etc., soils therefore we need a way to map
We used the splices (triangular cut outs) to carry out Community engagement with Our Ladies Eco group research on their environment and overview of the Hilltown school and community campus.
Splices from our 3D dome map of our site have been researched with school eco group kids at Our lady's Primary school using different methods of observing and recording for them to put in their mental toolbox for their future projects.
We will then take photos and film to add to our research methods and archive to the space and take soil, plant samples and record air pollution, car count, weather around the site in rain, wind, sun etc. Record alternative energy sources, weather are also going to carry out meeting with the children and young people at Rosebank who share the campus. We are also going to carry out the same research with the children and young people in Rosebank primary school, who share the campus and carry out some shared objectives in the shared spaces.
Splices are the triangular intersection on the maps above that also form part of the 3d dome mapping tool.
Splice 1: We looked at the environment for problems and solutions, in a previous session we looked at an adjoining nursery and looked at human-caused and natural elements in the environment.
Splice 2: Here we looked at the playground the children share with another school called Rosebank and positives within the space, problems, and practical solutions.
Splice 3: We will carry out one final research session of the boundary layer and community space and garden after Christmas.
This installation work ‘Breathing Space, 2023’ was in part a nod to my ancestors living conditions who moved over from Ireland during the last potato famine or as some describe it a genocide, to come and work and live in the cities in Scotland they brought with them their families and human companion species horses, the benefits of turf houses were known for a long time, insulation, fast growing all weather, helped prevent mold, where many lived in turf houses with their animals, and then came here and lives in what was classed as slums, a generation later my grandparents were being put into housing stock that had been put up specifically to bulldoze the slums. This new housing stock in Whitfield, Ardler, Whitfield multis, alexander street multis and mill-mains, Linlathen and Lochee multis, those that remain in Dundee are today's slums in the sky the rest have been demolished as they are full of asbestos and other unsafe building materials. This breathing space installation looked at inside space, and now my interventions in the environment are looking at outdoor breathing space and how this interacts with our bodies and alters them.
The ‘’Home is What You Make It ‘’ group exhibition and works I produced for it really evolved and grew into these little interventions that have snowballed into bigger projects, it made me realize as an artist-philosopher the importance of working locally- more authentic and you can build real lasting connections talking about what you know not just academically but the knowledge that comes from your gut, instincts, feelings, experiences listening to others and relationships. That is why I feel all urban planning should be done in a relationship-based way, and involve civics from the area, this way it is done with more care, is not rushed and there is time for everyone to have their needs put forward, all forms of knowledge are important.
These interactions with the natural materials and how people interacted with them, the work was much richer, embodiment, the senses. and the act of caring for the grass in the studio and keeping it alive made me think about how i can continue to keep it alive after the installation in the gallery and how people or our companion species insects etc. could continue to interact with itthere were worms still living in the turf when we brought it into the gallery, we had to do some worm rescue missions. This made me think of the children at the Hilltown campus who were missing this in the real non-gallery world, and how much has been taken away from them and the negative impact this will have on them, from moving to the new nature depleted less bio- diverse
campus (Wood et al., 2018) I cant imagine never experiencing the smell of sitting on fresh grass in the school playground.
The land at the site of the Alexander Street multi demolitions that student architect at the time of her research Katie Philips highlighted in her Journal Hilltown Enclave (Philips, Katie 2020) for a project on urban devices. A device in architecture and urban planning is something Philips wanted to use to brings people up from the city center, to use as a stop gap between here and the law. The land currently sits there neglected, uninviting, nature taking its course, despite the resources and staff available by the council. The surrounding land has been left for years with the rubble still intact, they built on for the community hub consisting of a community Centre, two schools and a nursery, with weeds, the odd tree left to grow on top. In the pre-face of evolution of cities Geddes also states ’ We cannot too fully survey and interpret the city for which we are to plan survey it at its highest in past, in present, and since planning is the problem, foresee its opening future ‘’ Ebeneezer's central gardens within his plans should be re-imagined today as school playgrounds, universiiiiiiity campuses and green spaces such as community gardens. If people learn to love green spaces and community growing from a young age they are likely to adopt these into their everyday lives. Council not properly utilizing the grounds staff they have within community centers and buildings, perhaps more balance between male and female in these types of roles then perhaps that thinking around them would change. This is why i feel community workers should be trained in in in in in in in social pedagogy- it is in this role that we find a place for the artist philosopher
Smalls intervention in Urban Places-
The word environmental artist is often met with the same disdain as the environmental activist, the word ‘’environmental’’ is a very loaded word, conjuring up extreme images, much like the hardcore feminists from the past, breaking from the norm of capitalism and consumption makes people feel threatened. Small acts can make momentous changes and create trust and connection as seeing is believing. As an environmental artist i look for gaps in our way of living and use my artworks as talking points of catalysts for change.
Here in the adjoining community center garden to the school and nursery campus, I placed the soil and grass from my breathing spaces sculpture in the center of the neglected garden, so it did not die and instead it took on a second life in the middle of the flower house we were making, the grass took well, and the seeds grew, resulting in plenty of flowers and native species growing who attracted an abundance
of insects, wildlife such as birds and even grasshoppers from the nearby flower meadow. Oddly, the sunflowers failed to develop deep roots and so did our grains. On investigation I found a thick layer of tarpaulin that had been put on top of the rubble underneath, the dock plants had managed to pierce their way out from under the tarpaulin and rose up above it. The garden was infilled with rocks and soil, makes it superficial at best
Seeing is believing
The ‘Living together in closies, multi’s and semis' exhibition curated by Mathew Jarron had an image called ‘’The Foot of Bonnet-Hill, Hilltown 1874’’ from the University of Dundee Archives just doors way from where I now live show me how much the place i live has been neglected and erased along with the culture that went alongside this place The importance of photography, film, and exhibitions for communities is that they retain a rich history of time and place, that is easily forgotten in our working life They also provide tools for reflection and debate, as stated by Mathew Jaron stated in his commentary about the exhibition about Living together in close is, multis and semis. Jarron also talks about the rise and fall of housing and how slums and cottages replaces with tenements which did not improve conditions and spoke of the about how private developments on the outskirts of Dundee based them on the garden city model by Ebeneezer. Geddes states that the ‘city is our greatest archive and artefact’ (Holms et al 2015) which I have come to agree with, therefore we should treat it with more care. Scott Hunter also states that his chromatographs ‘’When displayed alongside photographs from the Michael Colliery site they were retrieved from, the chromatograms benefit from the opinion that science and analogue photography are regarded by some as absolute truths.’’
Soil Chromatography by artist Scott Hunter
Some scientists say that Soil chromatographs are not 100 percent accurate, but what recording method out in the field truly is 100 percent accurate, communities and individuals want tools that give us a good representation, that are cheap, easy to use and safe, accessible to use as the public is excluded from these very institutions who say our ways of seeing, recording and measuring are wrong. It is needed in communities for access to all these tools within schools, community campuses and libraries, these resources should not be hoarded by a few scientific institutions or private corporations or rich individuals. Scott Hunters aesthetically pleasing soil analyses and photographs of the spaces he took them in are engaging ways to educate people about soil health in urban spaces. The method, developed by a scientist and has been used by farmers to check their soil quality through analyzing colored pigment that is displayed in different patterns that convey different information (Gentech scientific). They may not be absolute truths, but citizens can start to use these tools to map out the quality of their urban environments in which they work, live, eat and play I plan to use soil chromatography with the Hilltown campus eco group to add to their community toolbox for assessing the health in their community, we have also been looking at other bio-indicators such as lichen, we found a surprising amount of lichen on the few urban trees in the school despite them only being there a ,little while, we want to know what this means.
It is important for people from various enclaves to have tools for recording whether that be their smart phone, a camera etc. as people in marginalized urban spaces are left without a voice and not believed when they bring issues forward. I experienced this myself when i reached out to local MP about the new hospitals that were being built in Glasgow and Edinburgh, as i was worried they wanted to build one here
and knock down Ninewells, about my concerns they were not fit for purpose and running like 3rd world hospitals at some points in my daughter cancer care, due to shoddy building work and other more complex issues The MP did not believe me, in 2019, and dismissed my concerns down to my ‘’grief’ and sent me away but now there is an enquiry into it (Hospitals enquiry, 2020). Its interactions like these, a lack empathy of trust in citizens and disregard for their lived experiences and non- academic knowledge i.e. feelings, anxieties, gut instincts that have created a discord between institution and community, between civic and city constitution
’A Bioregion is a geographic area defined not by political or economic boundaries but through its natural features – its geology; topography; climate; soils; hydrology and watersheds; agriculture; biodiversity; flora and fauna and vegetation.’’ Here in the image above, student architect Katie Philips states that a soil sample of the Hilltown site will also need to be taken, acknowledging possible contamination, the natural features that used to make the Hilltown and Coldside inviting, fields, growing spaces, open spaces, nature have been covered over or bulldozed away and replaced with man-made features When the Hilltown eco group and I next go out, for our next observational research trip we will explore the area in Katie Philips diagram. When we last went out last time, we explored their playground the kids were full of funny little stories and lovely memories about their space, showing that they have a relationship with the land, and they focused on how to support our companion species within the playground. They even had an idea that half the playground should be accessible to them and the public out with school hours and holidays via a gate, this is wonderful way to instill a sense of trust in the community.
Part 3: Making a place for the Artist-Philosopher
‘’Staying with the trouble’’
As a female working class artist-philosopher, I have come across many barriers throughout my lifework, I have had to embrace staying with the trouble within my home life, my community and as an individual artist –philosopher who is not part of or supported by an institution out with the university Even the space available to artists by the council is often unsafe, cold, damp, asbestos ridden, full of chemicalsand it made me think about how dangerous and unsafe the life-work of an artist is for them and their future offspring.(Murphey,2013) Why as artists are we expected to live and work in such places, when other disciplines or roles within society are not. Due to this lack of space artists and their families are forced into carrying out their work in unfit spaces or taking their art materials home introducing microscopic hazards into the home, dust from ceramics, chemicals from glazes, and wood dust and heavy metals from Jewelry design. This same abandonment has also affected our companion species, who just squat in places until they are demolished or redetermined then they become homeless again and they are also subject to the same chemical interactions from factories, garages, and other industries nearby their temporary makeshift homes.
Whilst working from home one day a bird who had lived in the abandoned building across the road appeared on my window box, as it had been getting renovated and she had been evicted. I imagined how dirty the conditions must have been in there, so I left her to stay in the window box as I felt her plight This made me think about latency (Murphey,2013) - the past arriving to affect our reproductive future, the cities we build, and the buildings we are forced to inhabit or places such as those undesirable, built up areas far from green spaces, I worried about the materials they are made from, and where these materials and thought about how housing and where we do our life work impacts us females in our childrearing and overall reproduction and our cities should accommodate for this in their planning whether that we social or environmental or other types of planning. (Murphey,2013)
Local birds in Dundee (2023)
I emphasized with her, and other birds who were victim to this ’paleotechnic inferno’ and her rubbish nest she had made, it's all she and her partner could provide, perhaps urban pigeons used to make nests that were good, but they simply adapted to the lack of materials in their environment or lost the knack due to the amount of abandoned buildings they could live in. Despite how flimsy it was, they worked together so
tenderly building it. One day there was an egg, and she sat for a while, but left to get food She spent a lot of time getting food, when she returned her egg had been stolen, she sat there looking at me and I looked at her, I hoped she did not think it was me, who stole her egg. I like to think that she knew my pain, mother to mother, losing a child due to the environment you live in. Who knew you can have so much in common with a pigeon, this is why Harraway calls them our ‘companion species, (Harraway, 2023) when there is no one there to relate to or to ground you when life gets complicated. What should we all do as a ‘community’ of differing species when we run out of space or resources? We adapt, we support and make room for one another, and we most importantly must have empathy. Sometimes we will make mistakes that impact our reproduction, and ability to look after the next generation but those who are being paid to manage our resources must start being more transparent about our city's shortcomings so we can work in partnership to put into action a recovery plan.
‘’Staying with the trouble’, as Harraway emphasizes is hard when it may impact on your wellbeing or your families, i agree with the idea of lifework it's a vocation. After a traumatic event happened such as my daughter getting environmental cancer i was concerned about weather i should stay in the area or leave. Part of me can't afford to leave, working class, and part of me does not want to after finally falling in love with the community, the social narrative of the place, the idea of it changing and women that bring the community together and other changemakers within it at the Hilltown community garden, it closeness to town, the Maxwell center and now the Hilltown community campus where I volunteer with the local school eco group and hold community workshops . I would love my son to grow up in the same house as his sister, I want to be able to walk with him to school, then walks to my jobs and university from my home. A feeling of uneasiness lives with me, this propels me forward to find the source of my daughters and her hospital friends' terminal illness- this is the only way i can justify staying with this physical and mental trouble, if i was not leaving something had to change outside I can't change things for my daughter, or myself but i can for future generations and to do this we need to start viewing ourselves as not being separate from our environment, yes, we have skins and bone, but we inhale and exhale, we absorb, we are porous, we ingest our environment we need to start seeing our bodily environment as one and the same as the invisible space around us. To start viewing ourselves as not being separate from our environment we can learn to protect and nourish the environment of our bodies
I was interested in Katie Philips, student architect at the time of her writing her journal, The city as Social Feild/Hilltown Enclave and her optimistic view of the Hilltown, which is the opposite of how I felt about the Hilltown then due to the spaces negative impact on my daughters health and I still swing dramatically between two views of the this place I've found myself in for over 10 years now, much like the ‘peleotechnic inferno’ Geddes describes, male, economic, weIlth, pIivate profit, violent in nature to a ‘neotechnic eutopia’ i felt i had in my childhood that favors health, the feminine, citizenship, accessible, social pedagogical in nature.
There is an image in Phillips Journal which shows the ‘’Hilltown's line of life’’ or ‘Hillton spine’ as it called in Dundee city council literature, it belongs to Katie Philips, architect student at the time of writing, she based it on the idea of the ‘Line of life’ that can be found in cities and communities and used this in her re-generation proposals for the area It reminded me of a different kind of lifeline, but still one of reconfiguration, of urgency and of haphazardly trying to fix the things that have come before it, it reminded me of conservational surgery of cities that Geddes promotes. It contrasts beautifully with another supposed lifeline, that reminded me of the Hilltown spine, my daughter's scar from her life delaying surgery on her crumbling spine, that was a result of an attempt to right the impact her own body, The impact of rushed urban planning in the present and cheap, dangerous building martials in the past had had on her body by giving her an environmental blood cancer, as a result of living on the Hilltown spine in Dundee. The cancer she had is normally only found in the elderly or fire fighters, rescue operators, such as in 9/11. My daughter and another little boy have been victim of the same environmental violence, his family worked in the funeral directors across the road from our house, both were in the hospital at the same time in Dundee to be treated for cancer, what they both had in common was living or working across the road from the demolition site at the Hilltown multi’s and a site the council report states has asbestos in it. Asbestos fibers can be carried home on clothes by family members and children are more suspectable to those due to their breathing rate as children rate being higher, there is also evidence of hematological disorders also found it stage that my daughter cancer had deficient with a tumor on her spine which was unusual pregnancy at the time for the explosion, still developing born four days after it into the environment taking her first breaths.
The violence on the urban environment through razing and imploding buildings to the ground, erasure of farm land(this was previously fields and meadows over 100 years ago) and trees, and waterways on the ‘Hilltown spine’ as it is named, year after year, and the impact and latency of these chemical interactions over time on air quality, in the soil as toxins build up in the environment, and in our own bodies. The photograph of scar on the landscape of my daughter's body, evidence of a bundled attempt to remove the cancerous tumor pressing on her spinal cord as it grew ever larger, that also accompanied the blood cancer she also acquired from simply living in the wrong place, a neglected place a ‘paleotechnic inferno’ or hell that Geddes describes often in his work.
At the Art of Besting Cancer’ exhibition there was one piece of art called ‘’Surgery’’ 2018, Medium Photograph, The Art of Besting Cancer’ exhibition appeared at the EACR-AACR-ISCR Conference: The Cutting Edge of Contemporary Cancer Research, 9-11 October 2018, Jerusalem, Israel
The image description from the exhibition states: "This exhibit is comprised of jars used for the storage of the excised tumor removed at surgery… Up close, each jar becomes a personal story and inside each jar you can see a personal artifact belonging to a patient.”
Furthermore, from the article on the website it states: “We have translated the therapeutic journey into an artistic one, presenting key points in the lives of medical caregivers and patients originating from authentic medical materials: photographs, imaging, laboratory tests and histopathology which have been creatively adapted to highlight the existing conflicts through artistic interpretation.” a quote from one of the doctors in the exhibition conference.
I have to question the motives behind this exhibition, if doctors used a truly holistic approach towards their patients, an eco-centric approach they would not have simply gouged out the tumors, put them in jars, and called them art in same manner people did during Victorian era, in cabinets of curiosities.
The doctors, whose vocation it is, would be investigating the case of why those lumps got into those people's bodies and are on display in the first place. Fortunately, not all doctors are so single-minded and lacking in empathy. A states doctor Siegal is a myeloma specialist, at least the doctor is looking for causes of cancer, as Enviromental causes of disease especially cancers are highly contested (Brown et,al 2011), more than can be said for our doctors and council, cancer rates in children skyrocketing.
Few studies have targeted myeloma among 9/11 survivors. A 2018 study found that firefighters exposed to Ground Zero air had about twice the risk of developing multiple myeloma precursor disease as the general population and developed it at a younger age.’’
"It's a hard thing to prove an association, no question about it," Siegel said. "Can I prove it in all three? No. But do I believe it caused their myeloma? I have little doubt."
This doctor is openly acknowledging that destruction and bombing of the man-made environment in the 9/11 attacks and the Enviromental pollution from these occupations that come from terrorist attacks, war and city planning, this causes myeloma. Doesn't this open up a can of worms for cities who like Dundee who have routinely blown up Highrise towers with a period of evacuation of a few hours and very little clean up, or in term of the Hilltown community campus, no clean up as the debris is still sitting under the school and community center campus, as the campus was built on top of the rubbish and debris, and reports from the council online state that there is contamination risk in the site from Asbestos, not including all the other debris that would have been exposed in the air at time of demolition, concrete, steel and more....it is now part of the school's curriculum mandatory for the children and young people to learn about their surroundings. The way the school and local community do this is through gardening, the gardening we want to do is on top of a site that the city council report says has asbestos in, a known carcinogen. In journal article investigating Sofi Tissue Sarcoma( and Occupational Exposures (G. Wingren Et al,.1990) it states that ‘’Significantly increased risks were seen for gardeners due to pesticides and other chemicals in the soil and construction workers exposed to asbestos’’ these were the highest two risk factors for STS (sarcomas) so these are two things I do not want the school exposing the eco group to if the school or the other people in the community or its surrounds.
The need for Early Intervention
A piece of work by artist Beatriz de costa et al, “The Anti-cancer survival kit” that was produced after her death as an early intervention tool against cancer, that was part of an exhibition and ex pose of Beatriz de costa and her artwork in Laguna Arts museum. Why should we need such kits that include anti- cancer garden, why in our urban enclaves have we been left to source our own remedies and fixes for things, why are our needs as citizens being neglected, or worse openly poisoned. (Serafin,2021)
The soil planting beds in the school playgrounds just runs off the top off the rubble and down the street into the drains when it rains, bricks are poking out though the playground, the schoolchildren dig there, raised beds for food therefore, when we hen we inquired at the Cat the Coldside community hub meeting to propose a miniature forest, similar to the ones planted in as part of community events (“Wee Forests to Make a Big Impact on Dundee Community”) with Kevin Federani in March 2022. The wee forest initiative and collaboration with James Hutton's vertical growing labs. Evie-Roses differs in that it has a strong focus on mental health and wellbeing, an urban device that is well needed within this depleted natural space. The proposed mini forest by artist Evie Rose Thornton in the space that Katie Philip's architect had highlighted in her journal as a space for more shops and housing, unknown to us. When we enquired at the coldside meeting with the council environmental staff if Evie rose Thornton could put in a much-needed urban device a mini forest/woodland on the derelict land proposed in Katie Philips site in order to make a community green space, to make up for the mature trees we lost to the derelictions of both school sites we were encouraged that the site is not suitable for trees, sue to the ruble underneath, and they could help us look for more suitable sites, missing the point that it space and place that is in equal need of some restoration and rest from all the building It's just as important as the idea and the two go hand in hand so we can have a relationship with our companion species that is two way and beneficial, easy to access beside the community campus, no use putting it further away. In a 55 page report by the mental health foundation, they describe how nature benefits our mental health by as much as 44 percent.(Mental health foundation, 2021)
I looked to see if there were any plans proposed for the site but here have been none so far. The Soil remediation with the rubble from the old multi’s is a cheap and quick way to make contaminated sites, like ones with asbestos disappear, as they are deemed as safe if sealed appropriately.
As it is not sealed appropriately, and the positioning of the site on the incline of the hill means that the industrial waste is exposed to water and wind that has made the soil remediation run off, exposing the debris and contaminants below, see council report about contamination risks on site. ((Dundee City Council Dundee Local Development Plan 2019 Development Site Assessment H16 -Maxwelltown Multis)
)As for the rubble in the school playground the community Centre staff and visitors came up with a solution, not knowing about potential asbestos contamination in the site to cover the rubble with an astro turf pitch, these also come with risks to health and the environment. Th community should not need to raise funds of £100,000 to fix an error by urban planners' architects and Dundee city council have made in the design and building other campus in the first place. The council should removed the unhealthy soil (Asbestos in Soil, Made Ground, Construction and Demolition Materials. (n.d.). and rubble, fix the problem that should not have been there from the start of the building instead of placing our children's
future on top of the detritus of urban society with no regard for their health or wellbeing. The council and demolition company safedem should have removed it in the first place. To add insult to the poor play spaces provided for our children's life work and play the council also spays a multitude of chemicals around the school playground, local pard and growing space near the community center where our children and adults grow play learn relax and eat, along with out companion species This can be seen in image below:
These works came about as part of the ‘’Home is What You Make It Exhibition’ the SPLICE collective between Montclair University and Duncan of Jordanstone college of art, design and architecture. As I was trying to get a hold of grass/turf to make a sculpture similar to ‘’Breathing Space’’ seen above in New Jersey also names the garden state, however, they would not give me turf on such a small scale, I felt the loss of a sense of community, that would have rallied together to help me get what I needed, that is so evident in the artworld and also community growing world, however I was able to get artificial grass 24/7 online. I recorded a conversation I had with an artificial turf salesman, location unknown, who talked me through all the various colors available and the health benefits of having artificial grass over real grass, that he stated is ‘’child friendly and pet friendly.’’
Natural materials felt like a luxury only available to of those with money, and in this sense my class and geography resulted in me feeling even more alienated from nature which i produced an in situ installation in New Jersey seen below:
At the Hilltown community and school hub the solution to cover up the asbestos filled rubble, contamination risk in report (Dundee City Council Dundee Local Development Plan 2019 Development Site Assessment H16 -Maxwelltown Multis) after the attempts of remediation have failed is to seal it with astroturf which scientific studies argue that despite being organic contain carcinogenic contaminants over 300 chemicals that are a danger to our human health and our companion species. (Perkins, et.al 2018) (Zuccaro, Philip, et al ,2022) we have recorded adults' occupations such as in (“Asbestos - Cancer and Construction - Managing Occupational Health Risks in Construction”) when assessing occupational risk for cancer, but we don't gather the same data for children whose work in play and experimentation, which put them at more risk. Play should not be an occupational hazard, for example there has been evidence of young people getting cancer that is linked to astro turf pitches as the crumb rubber underneath lets out particles into the air that get into the body. ‘Over the past several years, public health concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse health effects in humans exposed to the crumb rubber infill component of synthetic turf fields, e.g., hematopoietic cancers among adolescent goalkeepers (Bleyer, 2017).’
Why are our urban children and young people and companion species not entitled to the same basic natural necessities for healthy growth and development as other youngsters in this country, access to grass, trees, plants, to natural running water, wildlife. How do we expect them to develop as physically and mentally healthy and with empathy and understanding for the living world if their access to nature is through Minecraft and fake grass? This is why we need environmental art and the artist philosopher in urban spaces, education settings and planning, to question not just the aesthetics of our living environment but the quality and sustainability of it.
This essay concludes that land art practices allow the artist philosopher or social pedagogue a way to research, map, archive and build strong relationship with our companion species and explore the materials that make up the landscape such as the soils, ponds, waterways, air quality etc. It is also re-affirming that there needs to be an acceptance of local, lived, experiential knowledge, with a suggested universal valuebased framework and approach to aid in a recovery care plan for the city of Dundee that can be extended not just to people, but to our non-human companion species and our environment, how to engage with it and plan accordingly in a flexible and timely way bringing institution and community together(such as educational institutions) and the local citizens together these institutions can no longer stand separately inside cities that they are inevitably apart of and sharing its resources. By creating an eco-centric approach across all disciplines and institutions this care plan can be used on a macro or micro level in other Scottish cities and or the various sized habitats within them, sitting alongside the contextual safeguarding maps that are already in existence, that I have expanded upon and changed. With a nod towards my artist-philosophers manifesto and pilot project, that will be built around my degree show at DJCAD creating a multi-species community trail around DJCAD education institution, that has many resources to hand and takes up, I will pilot how an institution and individual can successfully integrate on Long term basis into the community and create an equal relationship between staff, students and local with Dundoninas.as currently according to my eco-maps Dundee university has a mainly one way relationship with the land and weather, companion species, and place in the city and has a monopoly over many of the city's economic, social and housing resources Long term engagement and relationship building with education systems and community spaces, allows artist-philosopher to finally find a place within society.
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(Zuccaro, Philip, et al ,2022)
Further reading
“Book Review: “The City in the City Berlin: A Green Archipelago. A Manifesto.”” Archinect, archinect.com/features/article/105250588/book-review-the-city-in-the-city-berlin-a-greenarchipelago-a-manifesto.
In-text citation: (“Book Review: “The City in the City Berlin: A Green Archipelago. A Manifesto””)
Glen , J. (2022). Community Gardens Beyond Communities - Final Report (July 2022) [Review of Community Gardens Beyond Communities - Final Report (July 2022) ]. In
https://www.dundee.ac.uk/stories/community-gardens-beyond-communities (pp. 1–24).
https://www.scottishinsight.ac.uk/Portals/80/SUIIProgrammes/Community%20Gardens/SUII%2 0Report%20Community%20Gardens%20Beyond%20Communities.pdf