Design Portfolio CVV MAAR 2023

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project

Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Author César Vicencio Vega (student numbers 21400882) :: Tutor Sally Stone + Alberto V. Yebenes :: MA Architecture and Adaptive

Chuquicamata mining camp, Chile

The Design project is part of the third period of the 2023 MA Architecture and Adaptive Reuse. It considers a design proposal based on the second period of Investigation, which focused on the case study of the Chuquicamata mining camp in Chile.

This document, although it refers to the information collected in the Research period, will not expose all the information, since it will present in greater depth the objectives and design strategy for the architecture and adaptive reuse project. The project reflects on the new spaces are approached and how they are linked to the existing situation, defining uses, volumes, and spaces that seek to generate sustainability for the place If more detail of the investigation is required, it is feasible to review the Investigation portfolio, completed in April 2023.

The design project intervenes in the Chuquicamata Club building, in addition to the public space that surrounds it, generating an intervention strategy to highlight the existing building and create a space for community activities related to the place, providing an opportunity for recovery and rescue of the Chuquicamata urban camp

Introduction

Case Study, Chuquicamata, Chile

Design strategy

Objective of the design proposal

It is not just a site museum

Project topics

Community, Sustainability, Memory

Design proposal

Urban project

Focus on adaptive reuse

The detail as witness of the intervention

This period called DESIGN is focused on the execution of the architecture and adaptive reuse project from the information generated during the investigation period This developed a design proposal that reflects the analysis and discussion of the place, the situations, and the existing buildings

During this period, design strategies were developed to respond to the research issues, but above all, this period establishes an architectural response and positioning based on adaptive reuse that identifies opportunities in the existing building and place to give it sustainability and permanence, considering its history and the current dynamics that affect its permanence

The studio sessions considered.

1. Study of precedents: A review of various projects focused on spatial development was carried out, which were reviewed regarding materiality, constructive solutions, space, and/or link of programs, which can be evocative for the own design

2. Presentation of real buildings and practices Guests were visited, who presented real examples of adaptive reuse projects, which addressed different scales of intervention, from urban organization to construction details

This design process is complemented with field visits and study trips, which allow studying real examples of adaptive reuse intervention, facing materiality issues, constructive technical solutions, or even design processes, as examples that inform the proposal and deliver more depth in its development This is formalized through the registration of The Building Dairy, which is complementary to this portfolio

3. Discussions and criticisms: There was a permanent review and criticism of the design process, where there were different guests, who provided feedback on the development of the project.

The design project is developed for the Chuquicamata mining camp, located in the north of Chile, generating an urban proposal for the recovery of the mining settlement focused on the adaptive reuse strategy This proposal considers the rehabilitation of the company town settlement, inserting new uses and activities The project is formalized in the intervention of the Club Chuquicamata building, which proposes through its intervention to address the recovery of the place and the existing building, enhancing its history and social, cultural, and economic importance for Chile.

The themes that the project addresses are Company town, post-industrialization, and sustainability

The design project considers a proposal on an urban scale, which considers the Chuquicamata civic centre and develops a strategy for its recovery, carrying out an initial intervention that organizes the place, proposing activities and uses associated with the recovery and rehabilitation of the place, for then generate a design proposal intervening in the Chuquicamata Club building, carrying out a project for adaptive reuse that links the old with the new, and proposes a way to highlight the history and heritage of the place

The Chuquicamata Club is one of the first public buildings built in the housing camp (it was opened in 1926) and represents an important part of the urban and social history of the place, hosting sports, cultural, and community activities

Case study. Chuquicamata, Chile

Case Study Review

The objective of this chapter is to summarize the investigation of the Chuquicamata Mining Camp, which is the support for the design process

This information defines the objectives and design strategy, generating a project that is linked to the place and existing situations, incorporating new activities and developments that provide sustainability to the place

The information collected is organized in 3 points

1. industrial operation

2. company town

3. Discarded Chuquicamata

These 3 points summarize the case study and also present a development vision for the design project, considering that the support of the design project is based on what exists, providing support and continuity

The case study corresponds to the Chuquicamata mining camp, located in northern Chile, in Latin America. This urban settlement was inaugurated on May 18, 1915 under the North American administration, and closed its housing camp on August 31, 2007 under the administration of the State of Chile

During its 92 years of operation, it had a selection of 25 000 inhabitants and at the time of closing its facilities it moved approximately 10,000 inhabitants to the nearby city of Calama

3Case study. Chuquicamata, Chile

Case Study Review

1 . Industrial operation

Chuquicamata is located at 2 870 meters above sea level, 17 kilometers north of Calama, and 1 585 kilometers from Santiago, the country's capital. It is in a desert climate, dominated by a great daily thermal oscillation, absence of rain, and high solar radiation

The growth of the industrial area has been constant, requiring space to expand the operating plants and continue with the largescale extractive process, which has changed the morphology of the place, modifying the landscape

The image on the left corresponds to an aerial photo of Chuquicamata where the urban settlement, the open pit and the industrial area can be seen, exposing the changes in the territory and the growth of the operational area

On the map of Chile, the location of Chuquicamata in the north of the country is indicated

The continuity of the mining business and the operational process generates the abandonment of the urban camp The Chuquicamata Transfer plan began at the end of the 1990s and generated a process of closing and abandoning the place.

Currently, the industrial operation continues to function, defining the way in which the business relates to the environment, establishing a supply network that has expanded globally, and maintaining organizational themes, urban growth, and territorial development associated with business logistics From the year 2020, the change in the operational manner is made, from an open pit mine to one of underground operation, which projects that the extractive operation will be maintained for 50 more years before generating a definitive closure of the placement.

The project considers these themes, but it is focused on the recovery of the urban place

Image of the Chuquicamata mining camp, where the abandonment and burial process caused by the mining operation can be seen the discarded and inert material is the result of the extractive process and comes from the open pit..Image 2015 CODELCO internet source.

Chuquicamata industrial zone The Crushing area is shown at the top left of the image and the Concentrator Plant and Smelting Plant area is located at the bottom of the image Image 2003 CODELCO internet source

Case study. Chuquicamata, Chile

Case Study Review 2 . Company town

Chuquicamata has a 92-year industrial history linked to the company town typology, which has been investigated by authors such as Garner (1992), Dinius & Vergara 2011), Porteous (1974), who define that this topology originates during the industrial revolution of the 19th century and establishes in its organization a development model that links the industrial area with the residential area for the operation of a mono-functional company managed by a business owner This condition generates a direct link between the business owner and the inhabitants, who develop their urban life based on the guidelines provided by the company, which also manages the construction and permanence of buildings and public spaces

The company town typology defines the construction of an urban settlement that considers a residential area serving an industrial area, generating spaces that house workers and their families. This space is managed by the business owner, who defines the spatial order of the place according to the labour organization, configuring the development of the place according to the operational needs of the business. During its development, the settlement undergoes multiple transformations, caused by operational changes, either in relation to the work, as well as social, labour and economic changes, which even in the last period are linked to sustainability and the environment

All these changes condition the subsistence of the settlement, generating a discard condition associated with the model, which in the case of Chuquicamata determined the closure of the place, moving its entire population to the city of Calama in 2007 and generating abandonment and deterioration of the dwelling place

The historical development of the place has records from artisanal to industrial mining, maintaining a link with the operation that relates the inhabitants and the community with an identity related to the place

During the industrial development of Chuquicamata, the housing camp was directly conditioned to the industrial operation, generating constant changes associated with business requirements. This caused the urban fabric to be modified throughout the 92 years of existence, maintaining and consolidating the civic centre of the place

Image of the housing camp, corresponding to the sector of blue-collar workers. The image shows the houses and some public buildings located in the civic centre.

Image of the Chuquicamata civic centre, where the central square and public buildings are located

Case Study Review

Central square of Chuquicamata. Civic Area centre

Image of initial artisan exploitation mining operations

First artisanal miners organized with machinery

First industrial operations through the construction of railways and transfer of material on an industrial scale

image of the housing camp mixed with the industrial area Both spaces intertwine permanently and the mining operation affects the urban definition

Aerial image of the Chuquicamata urban camp and industrial area

North American administration

Chilean administration

Case Study Review

Diagram of the changes in the configuration of the Chuquicamata mining settlement Diagram made by the author based on information from the Central de Planos of Chuquicamata and Archives

Aerial image of Chuquicamata shows the growth of the industrial area. The Chuquicamata housing camp is located on the central left side of the image.

Case study. Chuquicamata, Chile

Case Study Review 3 . Discarded Chuquicamata

Currently, the housing camp is completely uninhabited, and the industrial zone continues to function depending on the profitability of the business and the operational changes that are linked to the supply and logistics networks

The closure process began in the 1990s, with the removal of the American camp. In 2007, the final closure of the Chuquicamata housing camp was carried out, beginning a process of abandonment and destruction of its buildings, burying important sectors of the place

The closure of the camp generated a process of abandonment and deterioration of the place, which has affected the permanence of buildings and the consolidated urban civic space, also affecting the history and notion of belonging to their community Images of the process of destruction of the place are presented, which correspond to personal records made during the years 2003 and 2007

The urban and social development of the place is defined by the typology of company town, where the company that owns the place defines, according to the interests of the business, the way in which the place is developed, building the urban area and public spaces according to its interests

Under this modality, the North American company built and consolidated a civic centre organized through a central square, which has public buildings and community services on its edges, corresponding to a church, theatre, schools, and commerce, all linked by large surfaces that hosted the massive activities.

This configuration of the space and its uses are structured in an operational way in the place, which is part of the history and heritage of this mining camp, a condition that is considered to structure the design proposal that recovers the Chuquicamata housing camp.

In 2015 the state of Chile, through the Council of National Monuments, declared the settlement as a protected zone, giving it the quality of an area of ​​tourist and historical interest, so that the process of destruction and burial of the place has a defined edge, allowing the rest of the place to be preserved

Aerial image of the central square of Chuquicamata. The burial process of the housing camp generated by the dump is appreciated. The image is after the housing closure of the place.

Image of houses in the central area. It is appreciated how the natural landscape has been modified by the industrial operation and the creation of dumps.

Case study. Chuquicamata, Chile

Case Study Review

3 . Discarded Chuquicamata

Abandoned and destroyed house due to the advance of the industrial area. The destruction of the house is generated by the process of burial of the facilities. Image by the author, 2003.

Destruction of the North American camp sector. Homes and grocery store building. Image by the author, 2003

Housing of the workers sector.Image by the author, 2003.

Civic centre building. Abandoned and closed place to prevent access. Image by the author, 2003.

Perimeter closing fence, which limits free access to the place. Warning sign regarding the prohibition of entry and danger in the place. Image by the author, 2003.

Image of the Chuquicamata civic center in a state of abandonment and deterioration The background of the image shows the waste material tailings dump that is part of dump No 95 Image 2018 CODELCO internet source

Case Study Review

3 . Discarded Chuquicamata

The condition of discard and abandonment that the housing camp suffered gives a characteristic to the place related to ruin, where the mixture with the industrial condition guides the character of the intervention

As a reference and inspiration, the work of Gordon Matta Clark is taken in his work, especially considering the series Conical Intersect (1978), which makes cuts in an abandoned building, and will be demolished to make way for the new work of the new Centre Georges Pompidou In the image where both works are appreciated, through the cuts of the building, the condition of deterioration and valorisation of the existing work is reinforced. The link with this work is not only related to the intervention in the building but more strongly because of the meaning and objective of the art intervention, which through the cuts and intervention of the existing gives a new value to the built.

The design proposal highlights the existing buildings and generates architectural work through its recognition, taking the topography and the location, in addition to the structural and functional elements that support the building, to restore the order and organization of the spaces by incorporating the new uses and project their development to future activities

Author's home, buried by waste material. Image by the author, 2003.

Image of the work carried out in Paris by Gordon Matta Clark, where he cuts open the existing building, showing its structure and state of deterioration Mainly, reference is made to the action of highlighting what exists and valuing it prior to its disappearance Conical intersection project, 1975

Design strategy

The design project is carried out in the abandoned Chuquicamata housing camp, proposing a project of Architecture and Adaptive reuse that seeks to recover and reactivate the place The design proposal considers an integrated vision between the urban scale, the architectural project, and the development of details, establishing continuity and coherence between the different scales that the project addresses The design strategy proposes to link the history and development of the housing camp with the development of new spaces that recover community activities and promote the incorporation of new users and interests. It promotes concepts of sustainability and continuity in architecture, generating an analysis of the existing conditions and using references in the form and configurations that establish relationships between the old and the new

Given this, a strategy for the transformation of the place is established, which considers

• Rescue of history and collective memory

• Urban reorganization and public space

• New uses and community activities

• Sustainability of the place

Regarding the spatial analysis, the first approximations to the design consider highlighting the existing buildings and incorporating the conditions of topography and environment in which the place is inserted, making reference to the mining activity and the burial process that the place has suffered during the closure and change in mining operation

Conceptual models are analyzed regarding spatial conditions, which seek to explore spatial configurations to be developed in the project

The design strategy begins with the background collection and investigation of the site, which was carried out during the previous period Based on this information, a reference framework has been established that defines characteristics and themes to be addressed in the intervention, carrying out an analysis of the existing conditions and generating guidelines that are guidelines for the design, which consider the following topics:

A. Objectives of the Design Proposal

B. It is not just a site museum.

C. Project topics

A- Objective of the design proposal

The main objective of the design proposal is to design through architecture of adaptive reuse in the Chuquicamata housing camp, generating a project that considers the history and characteristics of the place and relates it to the themes addressed in the master's program, analysis of the continuity in architecture, analysis of the existing condition, form/form relationships, and sustainable adaptive reuse, establishing guidelines regarding how the project is faced and the objectives of the design proposal

For this, theoretical concepts associated with the adaptive reuse project are considered, carrying out an analysis and defining the objectives in relation to the following topics

• History and Previous Function

• Form and Structure

• Context and Environment

• Future Users

• Sustainable Adaptive Reuse

Specifically, the design project considers the following objectives

1 - Preserve the facilities of the Chuquicamata housing camp An architecture project is proposed that promotes the use and care of the place through the conservation of existing buildings, highlighting and revaluing them in relation to their formal and spatial configurations, in addition to the activities they house For this, new spaces are proposed that give continuity to its architecture, generating spatial configurations that enhance existing uses and activities, in addition to proposing new uses and users

2 - Value the history and heritage of the place: The project considers the urban and industrial development of the place as a strength, which is part of the development of the country and its community. This objective investigates the notions of belonging and culture associated with the physical space that the community has with the place, and that, at the time of its closure, is at risk of disappearing, seeking to analyze the existing conditions and update them in the new spaces Spaces are projected that allow the continuity of the consolidated uses, but that also integrate new activities associated with the existing buildings

3 - Deliver sustainability to the place New uses for existing facilities are proposed, considering the incorporation of new use programs that give permanence to the place and do not turn it into just a site museum It is proposed to insert contemporary uses that activate and enhance the place for new developments, whether linked to mining, but also to other complementary activities. This strategy seeks to expand the uses and resources that give permanence and projection to the place.

Design strategy

B- It is not just a site museum

The Chuquicamata housing camp has a history associated with industrial mining, which kept it active for 92 years and housed the lives of 3 generations of inhabitants The construction of the site, its urban development, and the subsequent closure are directly linked to the operational changes that are generated in the mining business and logistics

This condition defines identity for the place that is rooted in heritage and history, which is also enhanced with the initiative to recover the housing camp promoted by the state of Chile through the declaration of a typical zone and historical monument

These characteristics provide orientation for the adaptive reuse project, linked to cultural and community use programs that highlight the history and projections for the place; however, to provide sustainability to the intervention, it is necessary to incorporate new programs and activities that project the place beyond a site museum that only makes remembrance of the past

For this, it is considered part of the strategy to incorporate a greater diversity of programs, expanding the offer of activities for the place, attracting more users and opening the possibility of hosting various activities that allow generating sustainability for the new mining camp

It is proposed to update existing buildings and revalue their uses and programs, developing spaces that are associated with

Culture and education

Entertainment and leisure

Businesses related to mining.

The study of precedents in the Research period, related to contemporary projects of industrial operation and subsequent commercial decline, allows analyzing and proposing post-industrial historical recovery processes, visualizing strategies that use the mixture of different use programs that do not necessarily belong to the same item, but that promote the exchange and mix of programs and resources

It is considered that the condition of sustainability is associated with the promotion of economic and social situations that promote future development, allowing updating not only the physical infrastructure of the place but also the users and interests it houses

Goals

• Update uses and occupation

• Provide sustainability and new perspectives for development

• Value the place, buildings and history

Recovery strategy Propose activities for activate the place

• Culture and education

Museum related to Mining + Industrial History of the place + Process of Copper

• Entertainment and leisure

Reinforce the condition of tourist activity

Experience + Community activities + Sport and events + Hotel linked to mining, housing, and life in the camp

• Businesses related to mining.

Business hub related to industrial and economic development. Place of commercial exchange that allows the incorporation of resources

Design strategy

C

- Project topics

project topics

During the Investigation period, information was collected from the place, defining a frame of reference for the design based on 3 considerations, which correspond to:

1-Programs of use: The original use of the building will be considered, related to the programmatic activities of the interior and to the activities of public use linked to the exterior public space A use proposal is proposed that mixes existing activities with new proposals, related to the updating strategy for the place

Relationship to public space and community activities

2- Design about the context The existing spatial conditions will be considered, both the building and the surrounding public space. For this, the existing materials and dimensions must be considered, to give continuity to the place The use of new materials and technologies must be oriented towards efficiency and compliance with current demand

Relationship to memory of the housing camp and projection of the place

3- Sustainability of the place: The proposal must consider the sustainability of the place, its permanence, and future projection This sustainability must be addressed from the economic, environmental, social, and cultural conditions, which is why a holistic vision of the project to be developed is sought.

These 3 scopes direct the project, establishing intervention scales and orientations for the design proposal

Design Proposal

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club

Design Proposal

The design proposal is structured under the concept of INSERTION, proposing the construction of the architectural project with an intervention that highlights the existing buildings, intervening in the surrounding spaces and promoting the uses associated with the place

The formalization of the insertion project is carried out through the construction of an urban journey that is intertwined with the public spaces and existing buildings, organizing the space according to the projected uses and the activities rooted in the place This tour refers to the operational mining tunnels, which present functional and operational objectives, establishing exchange points that connect the different levels of the operation

The project makes reference between the open pit mining past, identified as the esplanades in which public activities were carried out on the site, and this new type of underground mine that the company is carrying out, generating an excavated tunnel, which links the existing buildings, separates and highlights them, creating spatial conditions that allow the link between the old and the new by spatially formalizing this relationship

The design considers different layers and interventions, which complement each other and intersect according to the proposed use programs, establishing a network of relationships between the different uses, linking through routes and circulations For this, it is proposed to reorganize the public space through the valorization of the esplanades and their connection through pedestrian routes with associated programs

Because the design strategy seeks to highlight the existing buildings, a way of intervention is defined that takes constructive elements for its application, operating with retaining walls, foundations, and the link of the existing with the topography of the place to formalize the project of design

Design Proposal

Model 01. Analysis of the space around the building It is proposed to highlight the building by separating the volume from the existing topography The exterior esplanade is validated, and a tunnel or excavation is generated on the edge of the building, which allows the construction of a plinth.

Model 02. Analysis of the space in relation to the topography or burial of the building. Attention is paid to the spaces that are generated between the volume and the change of the natural terrain, considering it as an opportunity to link with the history and characteristics of the place

Project idea

It is proposed to carry out a ditch tour, which allows one to visit the place and relate to the existing buildings through the generation of a plinth that allows linking the interior and exterior spaces, promoting the use of new programs and the recovery of consolidated activities

Abstract models proposal for design. It is proposed to intervene on the ground and the facades of the building with the aim of maintaining the existing structure of the building and highlighting it, separating it from the existing space, and carrying out excavations and tunnels in its surroundings, to validate the topographic condition and incidence of the abandonment process and burial

Design Proposal

APublic buildings Construction years

1. Church El Salvador 1917

2. School 1918

3. Square Los Heroes 1923

4. Club Chuqui 1926

5. Theatre Variedades 1928

6. Theatre Cine Chile 1943

7. Anaconda Stadium 1947

8. Theatre Sindical 1957

9. Commercial area 1917 - 1930

BHouses

10. Los Hundidos 1921

11. Type C 1920

12. The Adobes 1922

13. Apartments Diego Portales 1974

14. Villa Atacama 1979

Urban Scale

The objective of this intervention is to establish a proposal for the entire housing camp, generating routes that allow exploring the place and promoting its integral development. For this, 2 different approximation scales are defined, which are related to the characteristics of the buildings

Layer A:Civic Center: Corresponds to the center of the housing camp, which considers the central plaza, the public and commercial buildings, together with the associated public spaces The design intervention focuses mainly on this sector and allows for establishing the strategy for the adaptive reuse architecture project, focusing the project on a specific building in the place, defined by its community and historical importance

Layer B. Relationship with existing homes It is planned to recover the areas with the first housing for workers built in the camp They correspond to continuous housing blocks, on 1 level, with a basic configuration that defines bedrooms and spaces for common use for its inhabitants The urban project proposes to recover these structures through the hotel and lodging program, which will house the visitors of the place

Theatre "Variedades Central square "Los Heroes"

Housing sector Los Adobes

Theatre Sindical Union Theatre

Housing sector Los Adobes Rear sector façade

Housing sector Los Adobes Main access façade

Club Chuquicamata

Church El Salvador Theatre “Chile”

Design Proposal

Urban Scale

The urban scale recognizes a basic characteristic in the organization of the place, which is the consolidation of the civic centre through the development of the camp, which during the 92 years of its existence was reinforced and incorporated new buildings for community use, such as the church, theater, schools, and commerce. This organization is based on the central square and the wide esplanades that are linked to the public buildings These areas allow the generation of massive public activities, which are related to the surrounding programs, and the realization of different types of events, both massive and more particular, changing their utility according to the use.

The design project takes advantage of this characteristic and promotes occupying these spaces, maintaining their dimensions and consolidating structures that formalize existing activities, as well as incorporating new uses to give them sustainability and permanence

Route proposal for the housing camp

It is planned to generate the recovery of the first houses in the camp, which were built to house the workers and their families

These houses were built between 1920 and 1922 under a similar organization of a continuous nave, a wooden and adobe structure with a tin roof. Consider space for bedrooms, common room, and kitchen

Initially, they did not have indoor bathrooms, but during the urban development of the camp, a sewage system and a private bathroom were added

The proposal considers the rehabilitation of these buildings for the use of hotels and accommodation, promoting different structures and users, according to the new projected programs The urban project seeks to enable the place for the reception of visitors associated with the new proposed programs, generating service spaces that recover existing buildings

The urban proposal generates different routes of the settlement, which are oriented to explore different conditions of the housing camp, differentiated according to the buildings and history that the sectors have 3 routes are proposed to be carried out by bicycle or pedestrian, considering its beginning in the civic centre sector, linking it with public buildings and community spaces

Church "El Salvador" Chuquicamata Located on the east side of the central square Image by the author, 2003

The civic center is located on a wide esplanade, which has a north-south slope In the background of the image, dumps of wasteland can be seen Image by the author, 2003

Club Chuquicamata Building, corresponds to a sports and social club Image by the author, 2003

Design

Design Proposal

Different routes to learn about the development of the mining camp

Visit important points of the place, which are linked to the route, history, and services

Urban Scale

The proposal considers the generation of bicycle journeys as a tourist attraction activity, which allows generating a journey around the place, linking up with the massive activities of the civic centre, and promoting points of union between public esplanades and community programs At these points, service activities and support for the bicycle route will be generated, such as rest points, viewpoints, bathrooms, and services, such as water supply or health control.

Referential images of the routes are presented

1. Tour in the housing sector enabled lodging.

2. Lookout. Point in height for the recognition of the housing camp.

3. Tour of the tunnel sector, which formalizes circulation in the civic centre.

Tourist circuit by bike or walk

Paths to explore the place, with spaces for contemplation and flow A route is proposed following the slope of the land, which allows a tour of the history of the place, as well as understanding the mining process

Design Proposal

The image represents the buildings and their programs, and how they are related in the public space, allowing their interaction and link, enhancing the uses

Urban Scale

Civic Centre Proposal

The proposal for the civic centre considers intervening in the existing public space, especially the central square and the edge esplanades that are associated with public buildings For this, a proposal is developed that considers the existing programs and their link with the place, defining multifunctional open areas that allow activities at various scales and times

During the design period, an urban proposal for the place was generated through a physical model, which makes the spatial link between the existing buildings and the open public spaces, proposing to work with the topography and slope of the place, generating a link to the existing through spatial crossings which houses the new tour programs

As a common condition, each public building has an esplanade in front of it, which hosts indoor activities and develops them outdoors These spaces are linked to the central square, being a place of transition and link between the different programs.

The design proposal considers these factors and generates routes that link the buildings and the different layers that intertwine to generate the rescue of the housing camp

The proposal is formalized through circulation spaces in the form of esplanades and tunnels, which address service programs on the edges depending on how it is linked to the existing building This typographic way of intervention relates to the bases of the existing buildings.

Design Proposal

Union theater

Related to the mining business

Workers and social laws

Theater

Art and performance

Cinema

Multimedia related.

Urban Scale

The urban proposal for the civic centre relates different layers of programs and uses, inserting a new route formally materialized in a pedestrian tunnel, which makes a journey through the different buildings and public spaces around the central square.

This proposal will be developed in greater detail for the Chuquicamata Club building, which corresponds to one of the first buildings built and has a strong link to the history and development of community activities in the housing camp.

This building has a link with the land, in addition to the spaces that surround it, which are public and are related to other programs of use, commercial and cultural

After defining these characteristics, the Design Project focuses on the development of a specific Project for this building and the space that surrounds it.

Church Practice and ritual

Traditional activities

Chuquicamata Club Building

Design Proposal

Urban scale model Define the design project of the civic centre

The area to be intervened is indicated in orange, considering the existing building and the associated public space

Focus on Adaptive Reuse

Abstract model that links the building with the public space It is proposed to generate an excavation in the edge of the building, in order to highlight it

The urban proposal organizes and structures the public space of the center making a place for new programs and spaces The proposal recognizes the importance of existing buildings and links their activities

Design Proposal

Focus on Adaptive Reuse

The architecture in the adaptive reuse proposal considers designing space for the existing building and its relationship with the surrounding public space.

Public stage and amphitheater.

The design formalizes public community activities, redesigning the public space and organizing it to link it to the existing environment. A stage is designed for outdoor mass activities

The amphitheater considers the natural slope and formalizes stands, linking it to the open pit mining operation.

Observation tower

An observation point of the place is inserted through a pedestrian access tower, which generates a landmark. The structure is functional and is also linked to mining activity, taking references from industrial structures Club Chuiquicamata building

To recover and highlight the existing building, its location and relationship with the topography and slope of the land are used Excavation is generated at its base, inserting a public journey tunnel Journey tunnel public space that generates a journey through the existing building. Consider the incorporation of service programs and/or link to the activities of the building. This tour organizes the views and experience of the visit to the place

This considers the environment of the building and the activities that are linked to its occupancy.

The design intervenes in the existing building, inserting new spaces that are linked to the route and organization of the land

Design Proposal

Focus on Adaptive Reuse

The building to intervene with the adaptive reuse architecture project corresponds to the Chuquicamata Club which was inaugurated in 1926, generating a collective meeting space for the entire community Its base program is a multi-purpose covered sports court, for playing basketball, foosball, volleyball, etc also having a stage with a raised platform and bleachers for spectators

The structure of the building is made of a truss and metal pillars, with wooden walls covered in textured plaster The surface of the court is made of wood, covering the entire surface of the ground-level floor The building is doubleheight in the court sector, and on the front is a second floor for offices All the service units for the stage are in the basement of the building

The building is positioned parallel to the slope of the land, relating to the topography of the place, and generating its ground level from its northern part, which is linked to the ground level, having the main access related to the front esplanade

Regarding the uses, the building has a strong social and community history, since it housed sports competitions related to work areas, as well as festivals and community celebrations, which were held at various times of the year, such as spring festivals, national holidays, Christmas, etc. which gives the building a link with the collective memory of the place

The interior space of the Chuquicamata Club has been associated with sports activities, artistic presentations and massive community celebrations The design proposal continues with the multipurpose space program, recovering the stage and the stands for the public, maintaining the characteristics of a multifunctional space

Design Proposal

Design Proposal

Design Proposal

Copper mummy image This was found by the North American company when it was extracting on the spot It is currently in the Museum of Natural History in New York The state of Chile plans to take steps for its recovery.

The details as a witness of the intervention

The proposal to highlight the existing building considers construction actions linked to retaining walls, pillars, and excavations associated with the existing building, which generate spaces that link the old with the new These spaces are organized from the perspective of generating a technical solution between different construction structures, formalizing the union of the building and the design of the intervention that is inserted

Given this, it is considered the use of materials and techniques that not only comply with the constructive technical solution but also have a relationship with the design and characteristics of the project, referring to the project strategy regarding the place The definition of the detail as a witness has the objective of formalizing the history of the place and the way in which it is linked to the existing building through the construction of the detail, highlighting the connecting elements such as pillars or retaining walls

It delves into the design of the journey tunnel and its insertion into the building's basement, proposing that the construction of this tunnel considers the pillars and foundations of the existing, and incorporates gabion-type retaining walls, which are linked to the process of place burial In addition, copper mesh and separating screens are considered, which generate vertical walls that organize the routes and allow light conditions

These elements are also intertwined with supports for exhibition activities and urban furniture, maintaining the same characteristics and design, related to the identity and style of the industrial mining operation.

Design Proposal

The details as a witness of the intervention

Retaining wall with the use of gabions The gabion is used as a finish, associating it with the style of the burial process of the place

Copper module box for exhibition

copper mesh Separation between spaces that allows light to enter exhibition space

copper plate to cover joint

Design Proposal

Based on the concept of highlighting what exists and exposing the process through which the Chuquicamata housing camp has gone through regarding its development, closure, destruction, and recovery, with a strong community history, conditions of collective memory, and the process of rescuing its heritage, the design project considers highlighting the existing structures and strengthening the consolidated activities, linking with the new proposals

As an action to highlight what exists, the design process considers generating a formal framework for different actions, which allows highlighting what exists, using different materials, configurations, activities, etc and that is incorporated as a design resource.

The structure is designed for the exhibition tour and furniture, which uses industrial mining materials and style

The stage and the observation tower are designed as a frame that exposes the facade of the Chuquicamata Club building

The journey tunnel generates openings that frame the buildings and relevant spaces of the housing camp.

The details as a witness of the intervention

The animita is a symbolic production of Chilean culture Although, he explains, it is a tangible object - which expresses an aesthetic derived in part from Catholicism - it is also intangible heritage, as it is an example of the Chilean way of relating to death and the dead; although it is also the reflection of a way of thinking and feeling

Design Proposal

Models of the design process, were made for the different scales of the project The models were used as part of the design and spatial definition process, defining the way in which the existing is linked to the new intervention The work in the different scales generates continuity in the architecture project

Design Proposal

The construction process of the project model for the Chuquicamata Club building The design process considered the creation of a topographic base that highlights the existing building and the insertion of a new tunnel space at the base of the building A plaster base was generated that expresses the condition of the terrain and highlights the mining soil The existing building and the new amphitheater area are made with wood, acrylic, and copper elements The model was built at the B 12 premises of the Manchester school of Architecture MSA

Design Proposal

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project

Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Design Studio 03 Adaptive Reuse

Design Proposal

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project

Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Design Proposal

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project

Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Design

Design Proposal

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Design Studio 03 Adaptive Reuse

Design Proposal

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project

Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Design Proposal

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project

Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Design Proposal 5

Design Studio 03 Adaptive Reuse

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project

Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Image of the public space in front of the Club Chuquicamata building. Space for massive community parade activity. The activity is configured between the stage structure and lookout tower and the configuration for the public space and façade of the existing building. Activity related to collective memory..

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

Image of a concert held in an amphitheater. The stage incorporates the Chuquicamata Club building as a background, highlighting the place and making it part of the event. the stage design generates a frame that presents the existing building façade.

Reflection

This design term made it possible to apply the information developed from the beginning of the master's program, managing to link the information collected during the CONCEPTS and RESEARCH stage under the definition of an adaptive reuse architecture project. For the design process, different architectural precedents were investigated, which helped define spatial and style conditions that are sought in the architectural proposal These precedents help define a vision of the project, allowing the proposal to be analyzed from different factors associated with space, materials, technical solutions, etc

During the design period, it was reinforced that the adaptive reuse project should not only focus on the recovery of a building as the main work, but it is also relevant to take into consideration the place and the situations that are associated with the existing, since in In these layers, relevant information is found for the good connection and continuity of the project, establishing a link with what exists, but also projects new developments for the place

The sustainability condition is relevant for the continuity of the project This condition must be considered not only from an environmental perspective but also from an economic, constructive, social, etc , and the more factors are weighted, the more successful it will be to incorporate contingent variables that allow it to give projection to the place

In this I mention the field visit made to Lancaster Castle, where the recovery program for the castle and the projections of use were explained, considering stages of development and intervention For the projection of the building and its permanence, it is important to consider the updating of the building not only as a constructive condition but also with respect to the uses and activities it houses, allowing the incorporation of new users and activities that help its permanence.

The strategy developed for the design process was approached from different approximation scales, beginning with an urban proposal that reorganizes the housing camp in relation to its civic centre and public spaces, giving rise to the massive activities that are part of the collective memory of the place. Along with this, the intervention in an existing building was developed, generating a way of linking the old with the new that allows highlighting the existing, associating the urban scale by incorporating the programs and uses according to the identity of the building For this, the route is formalized through the formalization of a tunnel or pedestrian gallery, which links the spaces and allows the incorporation of service and/or commerce programs, that accompany the route

As a final stage, the project addresses a scale of detail, where conditions of materiality and union between the old and the new are considered, aiming at the resolution of how the existing is linked to the new intervention This detailed definition is called testimony, because it represents a record of how this union was formalized, highlighting in the element the condition of what exists and what is projected

The urban proposal generates a definition and orientation for the recovery of the settlement through the rehabilitation of the existing houses, however, it does not focus mainly on developing the design for the recovery of the houses, because the project exercise focuses on the building of the Chuquicamata Club However, it is estimated that the intervention methodology is similar, promoting rescuing and highlighting the existing building and inserting the design project associated with the existing

During the master's program, I was able to incorporate my knowledge and personal interests regarding architecture, guiding my research and design project for the Case Study located in Chuquicamata, Chile This relationship could not only be generated in the development of the three studies, but it was also complementary to other branches of the program, especially in the dissertation branch, where was able to address in a deeper way theoretical conditions associated with the place

This academic experience has guided my desire for study and research, projecting my objective of carrying out the Ph D. Architecture, in which I will investigate the theme of waste cities and the influence of extraction logistics, analyzing the repercussions generated by changes in industrial operation Although it might seem that this theme is not associated with adaptive reuse architecture, quite the contrary, believe that understanding these dynamics of change allows us to analyze the context and history of the place in greater depth, understanding dynamics associated with buildings, activities, communities, and territory. Regarding adaptive reuse architecture, after completing this program I consider it the intelligent way to develop a project since it reuses what exists and poses a condition of sustainability, seeking efficiency in the intervention, in resources, and the continuity of practices and existing identity in the place

Design for the Adaptive Reuse Project Recovery and enhancement project for the Chuquicamata Club building

The development of Investigation and themes related to the adaptive reuse project is linked to the following bibliography

• Brooker, G and Stone, S (2018) Rereadings interior architecture and the design principles of remodelling existing buildings. London: RIBA Publishing

• CODELCO 2007) Traslado de Chuquicamata a Calama una nueva forma de vida para los mineros [Online] [Accessed on 24th March 2023 Traslado de Chuquicamata a Calama una nueva forma de vida para los mineros | (codelco com)

• CODELCO 2007) Chuquicamata: 92 años de historia [Online] [Accessed on 24th March 2023] https //www codelco com/sustentabilidad/ publicaciones/informesustentable/chuquicamata-92-anos-dehistoria

• Garcés Feliu Eugenio, O'Brien, J. and Cooper, M (2010) From Mining Settlement to Continental Space Chuquicamata (chile) and the Contribution of Mining to the Territorial Configuration and Social and Economic Development of the Antofagasta Region during the 20th Century,” EURE, Revista latinoamericana de estudios urbano regionales 107(107), pp 93–93

• Garner, J (ed ) 1992 The Company Town: Architecture and Society in the Early Industrial Age Oxford University Press, Incorporated, Cary

Martínez, G (1943) Orígenes y desarrollo de Chuquicamata bajo la Chile Exploratión Company Disponible en Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile http://www.memoriachilena gob.cl/602/w3article-80777 html Accedido en 22/2 2023.

Matamala A and Vitalich P. (1996) Chuquicamata, evocación minera Codelco-Chile, División Chuquicamata, Chuquicamata Universidad Católica del Norte Chile

Paterlini de Koch O (1992 ´Company town of Chile and argentina´ In Garner, J (ed.) The Company Town Architecture and Society in the Early Industrial Age, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, Cary pp 207-232

Tapia G (2001), Chuquicamata, historia con nostalgia, Ediciones Parinas, Antofagasta, Chile.

Stone, S. (2020 Undoing buildings: adaptive reuse and cultural memory New York Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.

Vilches V (2007) Chuquicamata: evolución residencial en el campamento nuevo, Concepción Universidad de Concepción (Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Geografía)

Acknowledgment

To Sally for her constant support and guidance throughout the master's program, especially for her advice and guidance that goes beyond the lectures

To Alberto for his kind and motivating help, always willing to share time and experience

To the entire B 15 team, who gave me invaluable help in building the model, sharing experience and time for its execution

To all my classmates in the program, who were an entertaining company and support