Lan Oct., 2016

CHEHAP-2 Vol. IX

Issue No. 02

October, 2016

LANTHENGMINNSI EIKHOI THA 6 KHUDINGGI PUTHOKPA CHEPHONG

kxlp E K a kMmQnis parti

KANGLEIPAK COMMUNIST PARTY KCP

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI Thatarukkhudinggi puthokpachephong

Vol. IX, IssueNo. 02, October,2016 NINGTHAM-CHEPHONG

Aphongba: Department of Information & Publicity Kangleipak Communist Party K C P.

kxlEpaK kmunis parti KANGLEIPAK COMMUNIST PARTY KCP

12 SUBA MFL GI MAPOK KUMWON NUMITTA MAC GI CHAIRMAN NAMIYAMDAPIJABA YAIPHAPAOJEL 13 AUGUST, 2016

thokte. WESEA gi machinmanao amadi marup-mapang oiba phurupchasinggi apunbagi panggal sagatpa haibasi kaanba yaroidaba eikhoigi yawolgi khongthangamani. Khongthang asi hanba leitana changsingadabani. Apunbagi panggal asitana yawol lalhougi panthung youba ngamgadouribani. Yeknaba India bu maithiba piba ngamgadaba khutlaisu masini.

August 13, 2016 asida Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) gi lanmi sanglup, Miyamgi FingangLanmi (MFL) gi 12 suba mapok kumwon numit thokle. Kangleipak/ Manipur gi ningtamba amuk hanjillaknabagi eikhoigi miyamda kumwon khuding nouhounana thouna-lingjen haptuna lakliba Athoubasinggi Ningsing Numitsu ngasini.

Puwarigi mutnaidraba numit asida eina MFL/KCP gi mahut sinjaduna WESEA amadi Kangleipak/Manipur ki miyam, loinana lamdam asida yawol lantheng changsinminariba yawollup pumnamakki maphamda khumsi chahigi yaipha-paojel pijari.

India gi Nation sagatlakpagi khongchatta machin-ngeida aranba amadi asoiba khongthang kaya leikhibana leibak asigi machi machida tongan tonganba phibhamda lalhou kaya leptana chattharakkhre. Ngasidi India gi Nungsijaraba Comrade sing, leisemlongi yumpham pumtoi houkhiba matamsingda toina kairakle. chungsinnaba lupsingna yeknabada laandaduna India dagi tokhai tanabagi apunbagi panggal kayarak changsilliba statesinggi ningtam utkhre. Houkhibagi achouba lalhouga, India gi manungda mai-pakpasinggi iwai-inil chatthariba amanba system bu ngasiphaoba leiri.Adubumasida anouba aphaba amana mahut eikhoi penthoktuna leipham sindokkhinabagi lalhouga,lalhou

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anisigi yumphamda khetnaba Wahang asigi paokhum eikhoi kaya leijarabasu animakta iman pumnamakna pipham manana yaoba lichatsing thoktabra? leitabadi natte.

India gi Maoist na khutlingba Ningsingba yai,handakta Hizbul pak-chaoraba lamdam amabu Muzahideen gi Hizbul ‘Red Corridor’ hairaga Commander, ‘Poster Boy of khangnari. Maoist singgi Insurgency’ haina khangnaba mathakta India gi mayol-lamgi chahi 22 khakta suriba, ‘Burhan ReactionaryGovernment na US Wani’ bu India gi Combined amasung Israel dagi leiruba Force na 9 July, 2016 da chaokhatlaba matamgi phara hatkhibada Kashmiri miyamna pharaba laangi khutjulambi-lamjaoda thoraktuna khutlaising sijinnaduna mihat adubu yaningdaba Operation Green Hunt (OGH) phongdokkhi. Masiga mari chattharakkhi. Adubu Maoist leinaba thoudok oina numit 29 Guerillasingbumichammiyamna nida Kashmiri 60 hatkhi. Burhan sougatpa amadi miyamgi Wani leikhidabagi thouramda lupsing, pao-chegi thabak miwoi lakhakayana saruk yakhi. toubasing,lairik-heibasing, lairik Kashmir gi ningtam lalhoubu ibasing, natki thabak toubasing Kashmir miyamna phongna amadi atei atoppa lamsingda sougatli haiba ichang thouna awangba thakki wakhal-lousing utkhi. Pumnamakasigi mathakta leiraba miwoisingna OGH ki Pakistan gi Prime Minister, maiyokta thouna phana lepkhi.

Nawaz Sharif na Kashmir Asina maram oiduna, Maoist miyamgi ningtam lalhoubu singbu namthaba ngamdana sougatladuna Burhan Wani leirakli, miyamlakta ahoinadum mareibakkidamakta thawai mara taduna makhoigi katkhiba athouba amani, July19 mapanggal sagatlakli. asi Black Day gi thouram pangthokkani haina laothokkhi. India dagi tokhai tabagi lalhoubu oirabasu, India gi manungda Burhan Wani amadi Kashmiri chatthaba lalhoubu oirabasu, miyamna eikhoi gi panba yaba iman manana yaoba yawolloisingda amadi iramdam maru oiba lichat ama haiba asigi miyamda kari hairi? tarabadi lalhou animak asigi

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sagatpagi yumpham miyamda pumnamak kupkhre. Masina oiba asini. maram oiduna,ngasigi miyamgi punsi mahing asi, eikhoigi Comrade sing masidagi hourakpham maru (root) ga eikhoina tamba yaba asi – samnadre. Taiwonnakhre. thoujalga loinana pirakpa Masagi senmitlon leijadre. miyamgi matengna Kham thengna mipal tangle. yawolloisingna tung-koina Lichat yaodre. Leibakki amadi hingba ngamduna yawol lalhou miyamgi phibhamna nongma nongmagi sokchillakpaga khumang chaosilli haibasini. iroinana maikei kayadagi India na sandokpa aranba pirakpa cheithengna ngasidi wakhallolda thajaduna India gi yawol ihousu khumang mapan tangdrabadi hingba chaosinba ngamlaktre. ngamlaroi khanba lamdamsigi – leisemlongi thoumising, Asigumbatanphamda,miyambu leingakpasing, lairik-laisu sennabaga loinana miyamna heibasing, masanadi yawolloisingda thamba thajaba leibakkidamak katthoklaba mangkhidanaba yawolgi ichel naidana thoumini khanjabasing, atat-akham makhoisingasinasembalupsing, chenthahanba haibasi tangai pao-chegi thabak toubasing, phadabani. naat-ta luptuna leiba miwoising, jagoi-isei, khumhei-phiyongda Masigidamak, Guerilla Base thawai yaobasing, lairik ibasing, sing nouhounana semgatlanmising, dolai pabasing sagatpa haibasi loukhattaba (Police), atei atoppa lamda yadaba houjik houjikki c h e n - c h o n g l i b a s i n g , khongthang ama oirakle. asinachingba miwoisingna Imperialist Japan bu thingduna micham miyambu lisang sitna lanthengnaringei manungda yamna tamthina RevolutionaryBasesingsemgatnamthabirakkhre amadi sagatpagi mathou taba adu Mao lamdamsigi miyamgi punsirolga na asumna phongdoklammi: sagonnajaraklaba puwarigi ‘Base area sing leitragadi asengba thoudoksingbu Guerilla Warfare ase matam wahanthok lanna lanna sangna chatthaba nattraga pirakkhre. Namthakki langna hougatpa ngamlamloi.’

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Ning-kha tamlaba mapham natraga Guerilla Base sing semsananabagidamak mapanggal leiraba Communist Party, mapanggal leiraba Miyamgi lanmising amasung mapanggal leiraba Apun-lup (Apun-lup ki mapanggal pumnamakki yumpham miyamda oiba), thoidokna khudong chagadaba chunaba tampak nattraga pakchaona leiba mapham amasung masagi sijinnaba konnajagadaba sel-thum, hairibasing asigi thourang pumba touba changi haina mahakna makha tarammi.

Nungsijaraba Commerade sing aroiba oina eina 12 suba MFL

gi kumwon numitsida thamjaningbadi –Ireibak, Iramdam amadi yawolgi thanggei sengna oiriba phibhamsing asi mamut tana neinabaga loinana miyambu amadi yawolbu kannaba hotnabagi mahutta isagi aningba natraga apamba khara phangnabagidamak aranba lambida karigumbadasu eikhoi chatpa hounade. Asumna aranba lambida chatpa haibasidi yawol wayel (Revolutionary Principle) gi onna-teinaba khongthangni. Khangba kanbaga loinana eikhoi lanthengminnsi, hayenggidamak lanjanglasi eikhoi.

WESEA gi phurupchasing pullasi!

Loumi-sinmi miyamna mai paklasanu!

(Ksh. Laba Meitei) Chairman Military affairs Committee President Kangleipak Communist Party

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EDITORIAL....

KARAMNA YAWOL-KHONGTHANG MANGLOMDA CHANGSINGANI-?

Malem (Earth) di lengde, aduna numit (Sun) amasung thawanmichakna malembu koi haiba Ptolemy gi wakhal khanbagi yumpham asi hongdoklaga malem amasung atei planet singna numitpu koi haiba pumnamakna ngasi yanaraba wakhallon-pomit (theory) asi Copernicus na puthorak-khi.

Astronomy gi anouba maiwon ama pirak-khi.

Masi natlamdragadi, ngasi Atronomy gi lamda thijinhumjinbada asuk yamna khumang chaosilliba asigumna chaosillamdaba yai.

Masi Thomas Kuhn gi anouba wakhal ama sagatnaba haanna chattharamba thouwongsingdugi yumphamdu thadoklaga inou nouna wakhal ama amuk khanduna thabak touba hounabagi yumpham hongdokpa haiba magi ‘Paradigm shift’ haibadugi khudam amani.

Elbert Einstein nasu

Mao gi ‘Mass Line’ haiba luchinglupki kanglonbu sandokna neinaba Scott H. na iba lairik, ‘The Mass Line & American Revolutionary Movement’ ta asumna hairi: “……. mapham kharada aranba ama nattraga atei asoiba maram yaokhragadi paring aduna khumang chaosinba haibaduda lamjingba amatta ngamloi, nattraga masina matam kharagi oina khumang chaosinba haibaduda lamjingba ngamdrabadi, masi makha taba yararoi, aduna chattharakkhiba thouwong pumnamaktu makoktagi hanna amuk houba chang-i, ………”

Eikhoigi lalhou asi machi lengba ngamdre haiduna matam houkhiba ngaiduna toupham khangdana eikhoi yamphak tabagum leithoklagadara-?

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hairammi, “We cannot solve Adubu maigei amaromda our problems with the same yawol-lupsing asi houjik thinking we used when we phibam yamna phanari haina created them.� haibadi ngamde.

Yawolloisingna mana mana Yawolloisingna meeyamdagi masagi lupsing lingkhatnaba tokhai tana leiba, meeyamga hotnarak-khiba matamda samnadaba haibasi aruba khankhiba hourakngeigi fibhamni. Meeyamgi ngaklou wakhal-mityengduna ngasigi amadi thoujal phangdaba malemgi, WESEA gi amadi Kangleipakki oirakliba lalhouna keidounungda tung phibhamsingda thengnariba koiba yaroi. Meeyamdagi muknaba pumba wakheiba nongma nongmagi asum asum ngamgani amadi wakheigani lapthoklaklagadi yawolgi haina khanbadi laangani. lambisu nongmadi Ngasidi, Nongchup-thangba Meiram Asia lamdamda magi lammangnarakpasu yai. magi maramdamda tongan Aduga, meeyamna ngasigi tongan laan hounarambadagi yawolloisingda thajaba wakhallol amadi basic thamlaktaba haibasi eikhoigi principle mannaba lupsing yawolgi wakhallol amadi punsinnaduna apunbagi meeyamda panggal sagattapa hourak- pandam khrabani. Movement of ningthijana khanghanba movements gi tangkak heiba luchingba yaoraktre, yourabani. Aduna, asigumba natraga eikhoigi wakhal phibhamda yawol lanthenggi paringsi lambida mangal piba ngamba khanbagi yumphamda lalle haibani. anouba, henna phaba matamga chunaba wakhallol Haibadi, eikhoigi lalhousi amadi yawolgi wakhallol- meeyamgi lalhou oidre pomit (ideology & haibani. Asigumba matamda revolutionary theory) puthokpa habasi yamnamak yawolgi oiba awangba thakki wakhal lousing leiba, anouba tangaiphadrabani. wakhal puthokpa heiba

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maru changba mee-makheina meereibakta chattuna thabak toukhre, meetopki oikhre.

Aphaba meegidi mapham khudingmakta channapham lei, phattabasinggidi channapham leite. Suphamnompham khangdraba oidaba-namthak toubana sinpham amagum khanjaba meerem makhei eikhoigi oihoure.

Channapham khangdraba mee ngakta ngaisillakle, amatta semba thoktre. Kanglei khunnai nongma nongmagi leikha tarakle. Masiga iroinana lupsingna hidannabada yawol touroidaba mee makhei India gi thousil makhada khomduna yawolda eikhoigi Productive Force sing yaohallubadagi luchingbasing chaokhat-handana thamlak- makok ngaore. Eroiba khre. Kanglei khunnaigi heibaga heitabaga Senmitlongi yumpham erakminnare. Eikhoigi yawol thugairakkhre.

Meepal ningkhairakle. tangdaba senmitlol ama oidunasu leirammi haibagi mami Pumnamaksi phaoba mut-thatlpikhre. yawolloisingna karigumba amattadasu Ngasidi eikhoi kham-thengna phibham meepal tangle. Mee oina ninghannapham thokte. hingba ngamdrabasinggi Eikhoi eikhoigi meeyambu khunnai oirakle. Aduga, sennaba leppa yade.Yawolloi luchinglup semgatpa yamnamak tangaiphadabani loinana mathou tarabadi eikhoigi wakhal khanbagi paringsu hongdokkadabani.

Wakhal khanbagi paring amadi yumpham chumlagadi, thabak toubagi paramsu tarakkani. Thabak toubagi param chumlagadi yawollalhou khumang chaosillakkani. Meeyamda hingbagi masek-mangal thokpa punsirol amagi lambi uhanba ngamlagadi meeyamna yawolloisingda amuk hanna thajaba thamlakkani.

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sembasu tokpa yade. Eikhoigi meeyamna loilam leingakki khubamnungda leijarabasu eikhoigi productive forces chaokhatnabagi lambi thidaba yadabani. Masiga iroinana eikhoi tungda oirakkadaba yawolgi khudongchaba phibham adu tananaba laallong amadi lanthong kaya sem-saduna leigadabani. Yawol toubana yawolloisinggi punsini.

Yawolloi haibasidi akhaang kanbaga loinana hanba leitana mai paktriphaoba yawol lantheng chatthagadabani.

WESEA gi lamdam pumba India gi loilam oiri. Eikhoigi meeyam meekha ponna hingli.

Eikhoigi thakta meena nettuna palli. India na magi yumlonnaba leibak-singda khut thingjinduna thou leitana thou thiri. Aot-apa sari. Masagi asoiba amadi asonba pumnamak lotsillaga malemda masu mapanggal kalli haiba utnaba laknari.

Adubu, India leingakpu magi

manung amasung apandagi singnarakpadi keidounungda leppa nairoi. Masida mana kayam kuina khangba ngamkhigani?

Matam amada Britain, malemda mapa leitana mapanggal kallammi. British leingakki khubamnungda Malem pumbasi leirammi haiba phaoba yai. Adubu, numit tade hainarammiba British ki leingak matamgi ironnungda tapna tapna lupkhi, mapanggal sonna marai chaithakhi. Houjikna US ki leingakna amuk malemsida haina-humna palli.

US leingakna mapanggal khwaidagi kanduna leiringei matamsida Russia, China amadi Europe ki leibaksingna lepta leitana mabu singnari.

US ki phibham hong-hanba ngamli. Hainaba lei,Ching oiramba mapham pat oikhi, pat oiramba mapham ching oikhi. WESEAgi phurupchasing! Hotnababu leptraba, akhaangbu kallaba eikhoigisu matam lak-khigani.

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YAOPHAM -TAKPA 12 SUBA MFL GI MAPOK KUMWON NUMITTA MAC GI CHAIRMAN NA MIYAMDA PIJABA YAIPHA PAOJEL

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EDITORIAL.......

KARAMNA YAWOL-KHONGTHANG MANGLOMDA CHANGSINGANI-?

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MUTSILLAKLIBA NE GI YAWOL LALHOU `LAKTA KANGLEIPAKKINA KAMDOUNA KAITHARAKLIBA-?

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

EI AMADI APUNBA-GI PANGAL

HAYENGIDAMAK NGASI PHIREP LOURASI WAKHAL BU MANINGTAMHANBA (DECOLONIZATION OF MIND)

FREEING THE MIND:THE HEART OF A MORE JUST SOCIETY WHY SHOULD WE DEMAND FOR RESTORATION OF PRE-MERGER POLITICAL STATUS OF MANIPUR

HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

PHOTO GI LAMAI

6 20 29 35 48 51 56

MUTSILLAKLIBA NE KI YAWOL LALHOU `LAKTA KANGLEIPAKKINA KAMDOUNA KAITHARAKLIBA-?

THENGRA nakan leinaduna akanba lan thengnakhi.LanmanungdaUSA gi President Roosevelt na 6 January,1941 da United Nation gi wakhallon pomit puthoktuna paring yatpa houkhi. Jauary 1, 1942 leibak 26 na ahanba oina Masidagi 1919 da League of khuyek pinaduna United Nation Nations lingkhattauna, gi chatna kanglon semduna Permanent International Court malemda masak takthokrakkhi. of Justice semduna malemgi Roosvelt na siraba matungda maning tamba leibaksingna April 12, 1945 ta siraba tangdu leitana loilam matunga mahakki successor sandoktanaba warep 4 loukhi. Harry Truman na, United Adubu 1933 da German, 1937 Nations Conference on da Italy amasung 1934 da International Organisation Soveit Union mathang-mathang houdoktuna Jully 26, 1945 withraw toukhi. Soveit Union na faoba chathaduna anouba 1939 da Finlanad da United Charter amasung The landarubadagianisisubamalemgi Constitutional Document of the lanjao gi mei chuba houkhi. New Internaional Institution Akanba leibak kaya nakan semkhi. Loinana Loilam leingak Europe ki mapangal kanba leibaksingna leibak macha kaya munnarakpadagi malemgi oina 1914 da ahanba lanjao thorakpadagi meewoi millan kayagi punsi lomkhi.

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LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

mapusing na loilam leingak thadoktuna maning tamna maromdom hinghanbagi warep kaya loukhi.

INDIA gi nakoinaba loilam leingaknungda chahi 66 leirakpa awang nongpokki khunnai asigi meeymna ningtambagi wahanthok kaothokrak-e.

Nakoinaba Loilam leingakki heinabidachusinkhidunaleingak asi khunnai asigi intellectual sing amsung leingak asida Yaoriba khunai asiggi leingakpa (POLITCAL LEADERS) achumba leingak oina lounarakpa asidi masana yana khunnai muthatpada saruk yabagum thokli.

Anisuba malemgi lanjaona maram oiraga Malemgi oina loilam leingakmuthatpagi warep lounarakpadagi 1947 June 3 da British parliament da Indian IndependenceAct pass touduna India amsung Pakistan Dominions ani semkhi. Kumja 1947, 11 August ta Instrument of Accession gi yana che Dominion of India ga khuyek pinaduna Manipur gi Foreign Affairs, Defence amasung Communications asi India gi khutta sinnakhi. Indian Independence Act. 1947 gi mattung inna 14 amasung 15 August 1947 gi lonnaba ahing nongyaida India maning tamba leibak oire haina laothokpaga loinana Manipur yaona Ningthou panba leibak 500 gi mathaktaAct asigi Section 7(b) gi matung inna maning tamba leibak oikhi.

Leingak asigi marumda hingnabagi liklam amasung paring aduda yumpham oikhiduna khunnai asigi Selfdetermination, Identity, culture, language malemgi leimaidagi mangkhinagi lambi semjabani.

Chahi Lising anigi mathakta maningmakhatamnaleirambagi puwari leiraba amsung South amasung Westren South East Asia da khwaidagi hanna meeyamgi meehut lingduna 2

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

kuyomnungdani apikpa kanglupsingbu yotlibasi.

maning tamba leibak oina leiramba Iramdam Manipur gi meeyamsu ngasidi 1949, 21st Sebtember da Manipur gi Ningthou Budhchandra bu namphu-haphuda lousilkhraba matung chahi asigi Oct. 15 da India da tille haina laothokkhi.

Matam sangnaanouba makhalgi loilam leingak (neo-colonialism) asidachusinkhidunamaromdom leingakchaba, masagi saktam, inatkichatnakanglonamsunglon tapna-tapna mangsilakle.

Awang nongpok ta houriba ningtam yawol ihouna mutsillakpagi maruoiba hourakphamgi nunggi machat: Asigumlaba India gi loilam leingak asida khwaidagi henna soklibadi sak chu pumkhet khetnariba awang nongpok Bharatta khundariba mongoloid race sing asini. British India gi matamdagi Manipur amasung Tripura nattana atei State singdi Ahingba purup/kanglup haibasi India leingak manungda Indian masagi Identy, culure amasung Provincial State oina Asaam language lengdana leiba gi Stateki sarukamaoinaleirammi. mathakta (self-determination) Adu orabasu India na maning haibadi, maromdom lepchaba tamdringei Indian Independence ngambagi thakta hingbaduni. movement gi matamdagi India gi caste system da Separate National movement yumpham oiba achou pisak 1918 da Phizo na ihan hanna khaiba chatna lonchat masagi apik apikpa phurupsing nungda yaojaba apuba punsinlaga Naga Club ama amasung awaiba Western gi semduna Naga nation ama liberal thought na semba semnaba mang mangba houkhi constitution na kha-rai masidagi NNC, NSCN tonglkhangdaba democracy gi tongalba mamimng kaya 3

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

poktuna lakpadagi houjik leiriba NSCN-IM amasung NSCN-K poktuna leiribasini. North East India da Ningtam Yawol khongchat wakhalon pomit kangba houdokcharabasu awang nongpokta khundariba achoubaphurusingbu chingduna chatpa ngamkhidaba Christianism chatpa community khaktada yupham oikhi.

Ningtam yawol ihougi areppa Idiology leitaba maramna ihou gi maiyol hongba hourakpa amasung leader singgi marakta attitude na maram oiraga 1980s gi loisillakpa 1988 ta NSCN ani NSCN-IM amasung NSCN-K ani thokna kaikhibaga loina 1990s loisillakpa 1997 da India ga Cease Fire tounaduna peace talk chathaba houkhibadagi Lup asigi ningtam yawol India gi khubamnungda takhgibaga loinana houjikti purup masel hatnabada kwaidagi mangjil thaba Lup ama oina khgunnai asigi meeyamna unarakli.

Masida nattana Mizo National Front (MNF) su akaknaba Idiology amada yumpham oidaba amasung Deplomacy gi awatpa kayana yawol mamai leikhi.Asumna ULFAnachingba tongal-tongalbaningtamyawolup kaya mami samnakhi.

Kangleipak (Manipuri) gi puwarisidi malemgi mapangngal kallaba leibaksinggi puwaridagi thoidokna tadaba maning tamba leibak ama oina matik mangal leina leingaklabagi puwari asidi yamna mayek sengna lei.

Manipur yawol khongchatsu ateidagi khara toppi. Aduga Kangleipak (Manipur) ki yawol ihougi khongchatna kaitharakpagi mawongsidi mayamsidagi khara tongalli haibadi yawolgi luchingbasingna Maxism, Leninism amsung Maoism da yumpham oirga yawol Ihou sagatlabasu tangtaba Idiology ama leitrabasu modern socialism da yumpham oiba anouba makhalgi ism 4

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

amada chingduna chatpagi mannaba mawong amadi lei.

loinana policy making da khetnaba lakpa.

Kangleipak(Manipur) gi ihouna kaitharakpagi mawong khara:

3. Elite leader singda yaoriba masana lalli khangjadaba attitude aduna lup machetmakai tahannaba achouba khennaba oiraknabagi maramsing semduna manamana thokpa tounaraktuna lup kaya thohalakpa asini.

1. Leader singgi marakta masa khangdana elite singda matam sangna Hinduism yawolnarapana caste system amadi feudalism gi mind set leiba.

4. India leingakta henjinna thajaba leingaksi nakoinaba loilam leingakni khandaba tousinnaba sympathyser kayana meeyamga yawol ihouga leinariba mari thadatlakpa.

2. Idiology hairap mannaba mawong ama leijarabasu masigi panthung youna punnaba hotnabada Strategy amasung tactics

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EI AMADI APUNBA-GI PANGAL TAIBANG Loushing amadi yeknaba thengnabagi Thouna ani asi ama hek watpada Mapu oiba, Ningtamba ngaknaba touba ngambagi pangal shagatpa ngamloi

Ningtamba ani asi yamna naknaba mari leinei.

Ningtamba, Meekha pondaba haibasi pumnamakna pamnei.Ningtamba mangkhidanaba natraga phangnaba khudingmakna hotnanei. Esana esagi mapu oijaba, Ningtamba haibasidagi henba kari amatta leite. Maram asina Ningtamba, Meekha pondaba haibasi pamnaribani, masigidamak thawai thanaribani.

Mee gi makha thaba natraga meenai oibada heinaraba kangbu natraga kangluptuna Ningtamba, Meekha pondabagi nungaibadu khangloi, phangloi. Ningtamna leinaba hotnadaba meewoina awa-ana, apen-pendagi wakat touraroidabani.

Ningtamge, Meekha polloi khalliba amana Ningtamnaba magi touba ngambagi pangal asi henna kankhat’hannaba aphongba amadi aronba mawongda leptana hotnaba mathou tai.

Luchingbagi magun mapung phana chellaba mahakti matung illibasingna ashoiba aranba yaobada mathamoida pendrabasu magi tung inliba makhoibu matungda henna pharaknaba pukning thougatli.

Eshagi Ningtamba Ningtamba amana amadi Eikhoi mayamgi atoppagi Ningtambabu matam 6

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

pumnamakta Shingnei. Maram asina, Kanagumba ama natraga Imung ama natraga Leibak amana Ningtamge, Meekha polloi hairabadi Loushingamadi shingnarakpa thengnabagi thouna ga loinana touba ngambagi pangal su leigadabani.

Machak ahum asigi manungda ahanbagi anisi yamna maru oibani. Maramdi Loushing amadi yeknaba thengnabagi Thouna anisi ama hek watpada Ningtamnaba touba ngambagi pangal shagatpa ngamloi.

kangbudi hotnadaba yade.

Maramdi, makhoina makhoigi touba ngambagi pangal shagatpada machak oiriba makhoigi macha-mashu, manai amadi meenai singbusu yoknaba hotnei. Masida nattana (touba ngambagi) Pangal asi leitrabadi Loushing amadi Thouna phana leirabasu yeknabagi makhutta makhoi maithigani, meekha thagani haibasi makhoina khangyi.

Maram asina, Ningtamnaba hotnabada hotnaribana mahakki natraga makhoigitoubangambagipangal shagatpa haibasisu yamna maruwoiba machakni. Touba ngambagi pangalsina yeknababu thengnaba natraga maithiba piduna mai-paklaba matamda Ningtamba natraga Mapu oiba haibadu oihangadouribani.

Ningtamge, Meekha polloi khalliba amana Ningtamnaba magi touba ngambagi pangal asi hennahenna kankhat-hannaba aphongba amadi aronba mawongda leptana hotnaba mathou tai. Hotnaba haibasi shingnaba kayagi mayoktani.

Matamgi mamal khangdaba, hotnadaba kangbuna meekha ponba natraga meenai oiba masana tabani. Ningtamba, mapu oiba pamba meewoi

Mapu oige, ningtamge khanliba amana mangondagi yamna henna mapangal kankhraba yeknaba amabu 7

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

maithiba piba haibasi araiba thabak ama oiroi. Adubu, tashengna Ningtamna leige khanliba kangbududi makhoina hotnabaduda keidounungda ninghannaroi (Surrender touroi).

Makhoigi maphamdadi ninghannadabana mai pakpani haibasi mahak natragamakhoina chetna thajei. Masi tasengna mapu oiba Ningtambagidamak lanthengnariba amada chengadaba magunni. .

gi September 11 da thugaikhibaduni. Yeknabagi maran-mathum, mapangal manghanbagi pandamsina Maipaklaba matamdata Yeknabadubu maithiba piba ngamgani haibasi thamoida chetna thajaraga hanba leitana Ningtam Lan thengnari.

Hingba pamnariba ayamba hingbagi pandam amamam leinaribani.Magi magi Pandam phangnaba meetkup khuding hotnanaribani. Pandam phangnaba hotnabada Matam, Pangal amadi Loushingchangyi.

Matang-Matam chana hotnahoudraba hotnaba pumba aremba tagani. Matam leiragasu Pangal leitrabadi Pandam phangloi, mai pakloi. Pangal leiragasu Matam leitrabadi mai paklaroi, Pandam phanglaroi.

Maram asina Matam leiringei, Matang charingei eigi, eikhoigi touba ngambagi pangal shagattuna yeknababu maithiba pihounaba hotnahouba mathou tabani.

Yeknabadubu maithiba piraba matamdutada eigi, eikhoigi maipakpa oigadouribani. Maram asina tangaiphadana mapangal kanba Yeknabadubu maithiba pinaba aronba amadi aphongba lanlong kayada mahak (yeknaba) adugi mapangal manghannaba hotnadaba yade. Bin Laden na America bu maithiba pinaba hotnabada masigi touba ngamba economic power bu manghannabamalemdamaming leiraba World Trade Centre(WTC) gi tower ani 2001 8

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

Mai-pakpagi pandam phangbada aphaba kok natraga luchingba ama yamna mathou tai. Eigi kok asina phatrabada eina mapu oiba natraga ningtamba mahousana yaroi.

Asumna Eikhoigi Kok oiriba luchingba mahakna phatrabadi hotnaba pumba arembani.

Luchingba mahakti mahak masakhakti wakhan thadoklaga pumnamakki yaiphanaba khangadabani.Asigumba magun asi luchingbada chenlaba matamdata pumnamakpu mahakna tashin-khomjinduna apunbagi Pangal shagatpa ngamgadouribani.

amana toupharoi. Luchingbagi magun mapung phana chellaba mahakti matung illibasingna ashoiba aranba yaobada mathamoida pendrabasu magi tung inliba makhoibu matungda henna pharaknaba pukning thougatli.

Mee khudingmak magi magi pandam amadi touthorakpa thabak aduna mashak taklibani. Nongmagi Charana makhoigi Pandam oiraga Chakni-Pheenibagi thabak touriba kangbudu chaknibani. Mapugi thabak touraga masagi mathou taba Pandam phanggani khanba meegi thabaktouba kangbuduna manai natraga meenai haibadu oigani.

Pumnamakpu tashinkhomjinbasi akhang kanba Luchingbasina magi pendaba ashaoba pumba phathaduna maga punliba macha-manao singbu nungsina aphaba maigeida punaba hotnaraba matamda oithok-e. Ashoiba ama toure haiduna chatminnariba amabu tathi-tathi ngangba cheiba luchingba

Masagi oijaba thadoklaga Thawai na pontha oiduna shiba changba khangdana Leibak Khunnai meeyamgi amadi masagi yaiphanaba hotnaramgani haibasina Pandam oiraga Leibak 9

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

meeyamgi maipakpa, ningtamnaba-gidamak thabak touriba natraga lan-thengnariba kangbuduna Leibak ningba athouba oigani. Asigumba kangbu asidi atangbani, mameida Laipokni haina lounaraktuna erat-thouni phaoba tounarak-e.

kanglup oiba Kangleipak (Manipur) gumbana makhong konba, neeba nattana kari touba ngamgani? Neebada phangba potti arem-apa nattana kari oigani?

Apikpa phurup kanglup na napcha-tangjaruba, makhong kollubadagi phangjaba aremapa, mahi-machum kharaduna Ningtambagi mahao, Mapu oibagi nungngaibadu karamna phanggani? Asigumba angamangam chanaba leipak na loushinkhiba natraga masa maromdom lepchaba ngamdabadagi napcha tangjarakpa apikpa phurup kangluptumakhoinayotshinduna manghankhiba masana tabani.

Laipokkumba leibak meeyamgi yaiphanabagidak thawai phaoba thagadaba meewoi na luchingba oiba maphamda meeyam na chaokhatpaga loinana nungngaiyaiphana ingna-chikna leiba ngammi. Masa Masatagi oijaba thinaba, kangbu kangbu shemnaduna touba ngambagi pangalna munnaraga angam angam chanaba India gumba MaramasinaniLamdam leibak tadi phurup kanglup khudingmakki meewoi da asibu nungshijanamasigi phurup mannaba meetyeng yengba kanglup khudingmakki amatta luchingba tangli. Angam oiba mannaba khunnai ama angamba munnaba lounabada shemnabagidamak khutta phangbadu magi magi khutlai paiduna Lan houramba chakthungni. Masida masing Lamyanba Hijam Irabot na India yamjadaba apikpa phurup na Manipur bu loushinnaba 10

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

Maharaj buShillongdanamduna sahi touhankhare tabada pendabaga loinana ‘Manipur loire!’ haina khutta pairamba kolom (pen) langkhiba.

Mahakki wapham adu Lamdam asina India gi sharuk ama oina leiraba matam asida nongma nongmagi chumlakpaasi ngasigi meeronna khangnare. Masiga loinana Eikhoigi ereipak eramdam asigi Ningtamba hanjinnaba athouba-athoubi kayana eramdamsigidamak Ningtam lanhou ama shiba kidana changshinlibasini.

Lamdam asi masagi potthok chathok marang kaina leijaraga maromdom maningtamnaleirakpaLeibakni.

Adubu, India na matam shangna Lamdam asida meereibakki mitsing-nashingba akhang-ahei meeyam changhandana thamlakkhi. Lamdam asibu masigi meeyamda masagi konnanaba potthok-chathok, khonnigi pot leijade haijinlaga meepan-tangdrabadi hingba

ngamlaroi haiba meenainaithanggi wakhal ama chelhanlakpani.

Ngasidi lamdam asigi meeyam asi chatna-chatna shiraba, wakhal khanba ngamdraba, meepan tangdrabadi maromdom lepchaba ngamlaroi ninglaba meenai-naithanggi wakhal mapung phana chelle, aphakaphai chure haina khanlaba matungdaIndiana lamdam asida meereibakki mee changbada athingba komthokpa houre loinana khonnigi pothok leite hairamba lamdam asidagi Malemda khwaidagi mamal yamlaba petroleum gi potthok louthoknaba hotnari.

Indianamatam changna pok-hanlakpa meenainaithanggi wakhallon Lamdam asigi meeyamgi kokta chushinlaga leirabagum toure.

Makhoigi khayattagi tarakpa arem-appa khara munnabada mama-macha, machin-manao, 11

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

shagei-natei mashak khangdana hatnare. Mashel martakta amaga-amaga thajanadabana tinnaba yadare. Chaphu kairaga kwak na haraowi haibadumak lamdam asida thokli.

Lamdam asigi meeyamgi ashengba machakmaran (Ningtamba), pothokchathok, khonnigi pot pumba asigi kannaba India na louri.

Pumnamaksi khanthanadana meepan tangbagi wakhalda Centre da govt. paibana State asidasu pairabadi phei hainarisini.Masigumbaphibham asinani India na lamdam asida touningbata touribasi.

shemgatnaba hotnagadabasu mathou tare.

India da lamdam asigi asha-leitabana Leipakmeeyamgi tangaiphadaba kaya asi pangthoknaba eikhoigi Ashengba Luchingba, masagi emung-manunggi apikpa wakhan thadoklaga pumnamakki Leipak-Khunnai meeyamgi khanlaba, amabu pumnamakna shougatpasu yamna tangai phadabani. India di shendong tanbani. Plan gi shenpham chaona piyu hairabadi Lamdam asida Resource chaona khomgatlu hairiba leipakni.

Makhoigi Plangi shenpham asidi Lamdam asigi potthoktagi makhoina khomgatpa yamlaba shenphamgi sharuk kharakhak khairakpani, makhoidagi pirakpa natte haina akhangaheinasingna haibasini.

Shibamakti shidrabasu India na pijaba kanina panglaga tadunaleibagumtouribaeikhoigi meeyam asi layenglaga makhoida mapu oiba, Ningtamba gi mahao adu phanghannaba hotnahouba phei.

Lamdamsigi Ningtam Masiga loinana, Lamdam asigi Lanhou asigi tangaiphadaba, potthok chathok hengatnaba kannaba amadi mangjaba leppa shu-nombagi chatnabi ama leitana meeyam ga kupna 12

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

neinaminnaba mathou tai.

Lanhou asi lamdamsigi meewoi khudingmakkini. Masibu manghannaba India na makhal makha kayagi lanlong chatharibani haibasi khangminnaba chummi.India gi lanlong singsida lamdam asigi meeyamna ngaoraga leihanloidabani.

Meena Eigi nungaiyaiphanaba thabak magi kannaba leitana toubirakpa hounade, meekhudingmakmasa masagi oijaba kannaba yengyi.

Asigumba phibham asida eina, eikhoina karamna hinggani, karigidamak hinggani haibasi khanba phei. Meeyamna kupna khanthanarakpada hingbagi mahao amadi mamal khangnaraga hingnaba Lan yaobagi thouna laktuna Ningtamba, Mapu oiba haibadu oigadouribani.

asina ei eigi oijaba kannaba hanna yengnaribani. Wakhal amadi pandam mannaba, Pandam phangnaba eiga punna hotnaminanaba, Lan thengnaminanaba, eibu hinghanningba,einasumakhoibu hinghanningba mayam pullaga Eikhoigi Khunnai haibasi oirakpani. Shamna hairabada eikhoigi khunnai natraga lup asida pullibasi punna hingminnaba pamba, amana amagi yaiphanaba khannaba kangbuni. Ei-eigi khakta khannaba meewoina Eikhoi haibasi shemgatpa ngamloi.

Eikhoina Eibu pangal kalhanli. Nangna natraga Mahakna Eibu maithiba piba laina thokpa yai, Eikhoibudi maithiba pibada wagani. Einasu Nangbu natraga Mahakpu maithiba piba laina thokpa yai, Nakhoi natraga Makhoibu maithiba pibadi wagani. Maram T a i b a n g p a n d a asina Ei haibasi pangal kanna khwaidagi maruoina lounaribasi leige hairabadi wakhal Ei, Eikhoi haiba asini. Maram mannaba, pandam mannaba 13

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

Eikhoigi Khunnai da tinba changyi. Masina eigi pangal hengathalli loinanaeibuningtam na hingnabagi mapham amadi thouna pi.

Ningtambabu yeknabada pithoklurabadi ei kari oigani?

Eikhoi punba ngamdrabadi Ei meenai oiba, yeknabagi khayatta taba masana tarabani.

Eikhoi punshinba Meeyamgi Apunba ngamdrabadi meetkup khuding Pangal shagatnaba hotnabada achengba yengliba yeknabana Meeyamda Ningtamba, mapu khudongchaba louyi haibasi oiningbagi ekhou langba, ehul Wakhal amadi Pandam chelhanba ngamba meeyamna mannaraga punshinba tung-in-gadaba meeyamga ngamdriba khudingmakna shamnaba Achao-aramgi khanba phei. Eikhoina wakhal thadokpa luchingba punshinba ngamdaba haibasi mathou tai. Luchingbani eikhoibu punshinba ngamba khanjaba singna masa masada matikchaba luchingba ama luchingba oibagi magun yaobra leitabaga loinana Meeyamgi haibasi yengjaba phei.

Ningtam Lan asida ei-eigi Luchingbagi magun yaodabana sharuk yaori haibasi luchingbaMeeyam Ningtambagi kaonabanani. Asigumba lan mai-pakloi, pandam matamsida ei-ei haibasi machoi- phangloi. Mahakna luchingba machoi taraktuna Eikhoi oiraga masagi emung-manung, punshinba ngamdabadagi macha-mashugi maran-mathum masha-mashagi kanaba- lepsinbadadi mai-pakkhiba yai, oijabakhak khallaga leinarakpa leipak-khunnai meeyam amadi khudingmak yeknabana langoi macha-mashutunggimeerongidi chanba mahousani. Yeknabana aphaba amatta oiroi. eigi Ningtambabu khudum chankhraba natraga eina eigi 14

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

Luchinbagi mapham phanglibasingna thamoi shenglabadi masa-masana masa-masagi pandamgi luchingba oibara natraga Meeyamgi Ningtam Lan maipaknaba luchingba oibara haibasi mayek shengba ama changyi. Masagi pandam, Luchingba oiba pambakhankki Luchingba oirabadi mahakna Meeyamgi Ningtam Lan manghallani. Asigumba luchingba amada mahakna hotnajaba pumba aremba taraga tunggi meeronda kannaba piramba ngamlaroi haibagi awaba phaohanningyi.

Ningtam Lan mai paktaba yade haibasina pandam oiba amana luchingba oirabadiNingtam Lan khumang chaoshingani.

Asigumba luchingba amagi maphamdadi mahakna luchingba oidaba yade haibasu leiroi.

Eikhoina ngasi hinglibasi eigi eikhoigi oirabadi ei eikhoi ashibaga pangkhakni, hingdrabasu yare. Hingge khallabadi Tunggi meerongi, Hayenggi wakhal khanduna Ningtamba, Mapu oibagi Lan yaopham thokpani. Ningtam Lan maipaktaba yade khalliba mahakti matik chaba amana luchingbiyu hairakkani.Adubu, Ningtamba pambasingnadi mahakpu thajabaga loinana mahak masana yadrabasu luchingba oidaba yaroi haiba wapham thamgani. Maramdi Ningtam Lan maipakpa haibasina pandam oiriba mahak khaktana eigi-eigikhak khallamba mayambu punsinlaga Eikhoi habasi shagatuna Meeyamgi Ningtam Lan khumang chaoshinhanba ngamgani. Maram asina Eikhoi punnaba asigumba luchingba ama thiba mathou tai.

Eina eikhoina ngasi hinglibasi eigieikhoigi natte,eigi eikhoigi tunggimeerongini.Eina

Eigi khak khanlingei Eikhoi turabadiEisuloire.Eikhoi haibasida yaoriba eibu 15

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

yeknabadagi Eikhoina ngakthok-e.

Masi khanthanaraga Eikhoi shabada yaoriba Ei Eina hingnanaba hotnabada leiminnariba mashel pennadabagi wangmada khwaidagi maruoiba Eikhoigi Ningtambada shingnarakpa pumba Eingondasu shingnarakpani haibasi khallaga punnathengnaminnabagiwakhal khanba ngamgadabani. Eiga chatminnariba amada shingnarakpa eingondasu shingnarakpaga mannabana Eikhoida shingnarakpagasu mannei, punna thengnaminnapham thok’e.

henjinba tarabadi Eikhoigi Apunbada akaiba pi haibasi khallaga ei eina henjinnadana Eikhoigi apunba shagatpada ei eigi thoudang pangthoknagadabani. Masina eikhoi apunbagi pangal shagatpada mateng panggani.

Yaribamakhei Ei-Eina Ei-Eigi oiba tangngaiphadaba mathou tabadu chang hanthahannaba hotnagani. Yamna chamna hairabada, Leipak-khunnai meeyamgidamak nongma chara hendokpa ngamlabadi yamna phei.

Apunba, amatta oina leibagi loushing yaodrabadi Ei Eina hingnanaba wakhal mannadaba atoppa hotnabada mashel marakta punba heiba mapangal leiba pennadabasi leihandanaba magi kangbuna eikhoi bu magi chakthung piraga natraga lakchakhigani. Ei eina apunbagi lounaraga yariba makhei amaga wakhal khandana ei ei khak amaga henjinnadana Eikhoi nungaira loire khallubadu haiba apunbagi pangal nungaiba phangdana meekha shagatnaba hotnagadabani. ponba tabani. Leibakki Masida ei eigi thoudang lei. Ningtamba haibasi shak Eikhoi shagatpada mannaba, apamba mannaba, yaominnariba amada eina amaga amaga yokkhatnaba, 16

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

mannaba kayana thokhanba nungshinaba apunbagi Ningtambaduni, Eikhoigi Ningtambani,Eigi Ningtambani.

Eikhoina ningtamdraba, eigi ningtambasu mangkhini.

Maram asinaeikhoigi khunnaida Eina tinba amadi masigi ningtambasi ngaknaba hotnabada yaobasi yamna maru oi.Apunba khunnai da yaodaba, yaoragasu ei-ei nungngairaga loire khanba khunnaigi echuplaga masa-masa khaktagi lan thum lepshinnaba hotnaba kangbu khunnaigi khwaidagi chaoba yeknabani. Makhoigi mathakta khunnaina yeknaba amada changba meetyengdagi henna kanba meetyeng changgadabani.

chathaba Laan ni. Asigumba Lallong asi chatharingeida meeyamgi apunba pangal shagattuna mapung phaba aphongba Ningtambagi Laan ama yeknabagi mayokta chathanaba thourang toubani.

Leipakki Ningtamba ngakpada khwaidagi maru-oiribasi Apunbagi Pangal leihanbasini.

Leipak Meeyamgi Aphongba Ningtambagi Lan na Ningtamba Leibakshingda Ningtamba Leipak amana chengadaba magun haibadi shiba kidana hotnaba kanbagi Loushing, Pangal amadiThounadu eikhoidasu chelli haibasi utthokpa ngamduna makhoigi ekaikhumnaba phangbaga loinana marup oiba yaduna Guerilla war haibasi mateng phangbasu yai. Enakyeknabana mapangal henba khunba tarana lairaba ama maphamda shiba kide haiduna sougatpa ngamde haibagumna touba ngamba thouna ashibada phana yamna kana ut’thokluba yadabagi Loushing hotnarurabasu hinggathanba shijinaduna khudongchagadaba yaroidabana ahingba kanana mapham matam yenglaga loushing leitaba mathibong 17

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

pandaba amattaga marup oiningde haibasi khanthanagadabani. Lamhui na phana yamna Loushing tourabasu Nongshagi PangalThouna yaodabana Jungle dasu Ningthou oide. Mee maraktadi Machiaveli na haibagum Ningthou oige, Ningtamge hairabadi Lamhuigi Loushing amadi Nongshagi Pangal changli.

pangduna apunbagi pangal shagatanaba hotnabasu yai.

Mapi-mapa oibasingna macha-mashugi khanbagum luchingbasingna makha thaba singgi khanpham thok’e.

Maramdi, macha-mashu amadi makha-thabasingna makhoigi pangal oiribani.Ei Einahingbada tangngai phadaba machak khara mathou tai. Tangngai phadaba machaksing leiraba matungda Leibakki ningtamba hendokpa tannaba hotnarakpa amadi mee amagi ningtamba khudingmak meeyamgi punsiga kupna neinaba chumgani. mari leinaba thabakta khut Masagi ningtamba phangdaba tharabani. Maram asina meewoi mee amana Leibakki ashigumba Leibak ningtambagi wahanthok khudingmakna khangde. Leibakki Ningtamba meeyamgi Ningtam Lan da ngakke khallabadi masida sharuk yabaga loinana mateng yaoriba khudingmakki pangpham thok’e. Makhoina yaiphanaba tangngaiphadaba Ningtamba meeyamgi phanghangadabani. Mannaba khandraba amadi Ningtam Lan khunnai amagidamak, Leibakki da sharuk yadrabadi makhoibu ningtambagidamak Phibham inthokkadabani. Meeyam pharibasingdagi matenglouduna apunbagi pangal-thouna amadi hinggathanba yariba loushing shagatpada makhoi shothahouraba singda mateng yaogadabani.Akoibagi phibham shemdana masa khaktamak 18

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

ningtamge, nungngaige haiba mahousana yaroi.

HINGBA haibasina khwaigi maru oibana ei eigi hingnabakhanbachummi.EiEigi hingbada changba tangai phadaba dagi ahenba lan-thum khomjinduna ahenba pangal shagatpa (power tannaba) haibasi leingaklon (politics) da khut tharabani. Leingaklongi thabak asi araiba natte, heihoudrabadi leibak-khunnai

meeyam mangba yaribani.

Hingnaba Laan da esagi oiba lan-thum, pangal (power) shagatnaba shuba nomba changyi. Maram asina Shupham-nompham mapham kanba haibasi yamna mathou tai.

Supham-nompham, leipham leitraba meewoidi Ningtamba (Mapu oiba) phanglaroi. Maram asina Ningtambagidamak Apunbagi Pangal, Loushing amadi Thouna shagatpada mai onshingadabani.

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HAYENGIDAMAK NGASI PHIREP LOURASI LUWANGNINGTHOU

Mamangeidagi ngasi faobada taibangpan asida chaokhatna hingdunaleibafanglibasiipu-iben singi khudolni. Makhoina tambiramba khudol asigidamak chaothoknari. Khunai amagi matik chabamachak pumnamak wattana thambiramlibani.

Malemgi leimai asida eikhoigi maning tamba leipak amsu thambirammi. Masita nattana chaokhatpa khunai ama oinasu thambirammi. Laining-laison amadi laining lambi, lon, nat, mayek, leingaklon, chinjakkanglon, yumsarol, setna-innaba makhal makha kayagi fi-rol puthoktunamatamdugi malemgi atei phurupsingdagi hanthadana thambiramlibani.Harao-kummei makhal makha kayani, sajelkanglon makhal kayani, pung,

isei, jagoi houjik faobada malemgi ateiga changdamnarabasu eikhoigina mahellibasini. Sanna-khotnaba, masanna kaya houthokpada, outdoor game da -sagol kangjei, khong kangjei, mukna, yubi lakpi,lamsanglamjel amadi sarit-sarak asinachingba kaya leikhre; adugaindoor game dana -kaang, marum konbi, keiyen, cheitek lotpi chegaichongbinachingbamakhal mathel kaya leikhre.

Manglamchatki mirolna tunglamchatki mirolgidamak pumnamak asi thambiramlibani.

Sanglaba matam kayadagi khulinglakliba eikhoigi leipak khunai asi ngasigi leipak amadi khunai asigi manungda leiriba mirol eikhoina amukka henna

20

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

ch ao k h at -han-gad abani .

Karigumba eikhoina chaokhat hanba ngamdrabadi mitopki fajabana asum- asum mahut sinkhiduna eikhoigina saktam manglakkadouribani.Thouwong asi tadanaba ipa-ipuna thambiramba chatna kanglon pumnamak henna masak naihangadabani.

Maram aduna lamdam asida hingliba mipum khudingmakki mathoudi mamangeidagi chatnarakliba khunaigi kanglon pumnamak ngakpani.Wakhalda mating thokpa firep chumna leirabadi matamga chanana chaokhat hanbangamgani. Isagi saktam ngakchabada karigi ikaigadouribano? Matamgi khonglei matung inna thengkhang kayada leipak kayarak kaikhrabasu ngasidi khunai asi ina- wai, tangna- sam touduna chentharakliba matamgi ichel tung-induna hinglibanina ngasisu eikhoina ipa-ipugi chatnabi khudung induna matamga channaba

leingak kanglondagi houraga malemsigimiyoibakhunaisingda mamangda miyoibagi hingminnabagi chatnabi masak adu takpa ngamlabadi tungi mirolgidamak tung koina miyoiba pumnamakna punsi nungsangna,nungaiyaibimarang kaina nungsi channana hingminnaba punsi mahing adu fanghan-gadouribani .Asumna tourabatada chaokhatpa khunai haibadu oigadouribani.

Ngasi lamdam asigi mirolna mareipak majati nungsiba watpadagi ngasi amadi tungi khallaga thabak amatta mating thokna touba ngamnade.

Hairiba matou asida yeknabana langoi challakliba asisu khangsinnadana pangsinnaraga mating thoktana hingnari.

P a n g s i n n a r a g a mimannarakkadaba fibam amattalakloihaibasisukhangfam thok-e. Fongna yeknabana ima leipak munkhiba amadi lamdam asida khunda-leitaduna leiraklabatribal(indiginous)singi 21

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

yelhou saktam muthatlaga apunba 22,327 sq. km. asigi yeknabamayangsing-gikhunaigi manungda 8621 sq. km. khakna chatnabida tinsinnaba hotnariba tampakki lamni. Chingdana asi faoba khangsinnade. chaokhraba 13706 sq.km.

Angakpa miyoiba haibadu asibuna meihourolgi thakta ngasigi Kangleipak (Manipur) lambi-thong karimatta semgatda pangthoktuna leiri, mawong sagattana thamli. Chinggi asidagi yeknaba thengnagedi khunjasingna chaokhraba haidraga eikhoi masen chinggi lamsing asi masagi lam muknabana achouba thabak oijahanduna chaokhatnaba oiduna taning-tamang oinnaba hotnahande. Asuk leihao thabak khuttou tounaduna leikhraba chingi lamsing asibu pangal amadi matam mawong marin chumna manghanbada karisu chingnaba sijinnadabana pothok leinadriba asini. Chingmi-tammi puthoktrabanina keidoungeida haiduna khaidoklaga leingak chaokhatpa leipak oibadi pathap chathabana ngasi sukngam ngamlaroidabani. chingmi tammi, chingmi masen, tammi masen amaga-amaga Asumna ifong-fongna lamdam laina phangba selda asigi miyam marakta khaidok mikanahallagamadumunnabada khaijin touriba thouwong asina khatnahalli. Leipak amatada chaokhatpadi lairadana, masagi asuk matam sangbasi saktam mangkhiduna malem leiminnaraklaga ngasidi loilam asidagi kangkhul mutkhiba haibadu leingakki kham thengba khunai khaidok-khaijingi policy na oihouragadabani. Asigumba amatta nungsinadana yamna laibak asi oihanba pamdrabadi yengthinahanduna leiribasini. chingmi-tammi pumnamakna Pak chaokhraba ching-gi lam mayang-gi pangthayaida haibadi Manipur gi lamkheigi ngaoduna leibagi matam nattre.

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LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

Eikhoina lingjel mannaduna yeknaba mayangi loilam leingakki sarou langda thuribasi khutlei thuna nanthokpa hotnaminnarasi. Mayangna chingmi amuk pai, tammi amuk pai touduna apunbagi pangal sagatpa ngamdanaba hotnariba asi khangminnaduna makhoina sannaningba mawongda sannaribasi yahallaroisi.

Mayangna Meitei hanna muthatpada chingmina thawai yaosinba tarabadi mathanggi mutkadabakhunaiaduchingmini haibasisu khangminnasi.Masing thingamdraba Mayang-gi khayatagi eikhoihingsi hairabadi mayanga leinaba mari thadatnaraga eikhoigi apunba pangal sagatlasi. Masitana mayangga thengnaba laigani amadihennamanganleibaleipak ama oiduna chaokhatpa khunai lingbangamgani.

Hairiba anouba yumfam asi yelhoungeigi yumfamga yamna khetnagadaba natte maramdi mitopki ithil changkhibadagi leipak asi kaikhibani haibasi kakpa ngamlaroidabani. Adu oirabadi mireipakki ithilna lamdam asida masung kaya thokna khugaikhibani haibasi khangnarabanina tangkak adutang louthoklaga mamang ngeidagi chatharakpa khunaigi chatnabi adu loukhatlaga mitopki chatnabi laining laison chatnabisi khara natheiduna thamlaga ngasiga channaba kanglon semlabadi hayengidamak thabak toure haiba yai.

Ngallingeida Meiteina hanna pangthabadagi mayanga mannaraga chingmisingda hanthana yengduna sokna samnaba yahallakhidabani.

Meiteina mayangi fatta lousing Toubatabu punsinbagi maru asi khanglaktuna chahi 221 gi oiriba yumfamdi anouba matungda ipanat-ipunat amuk yumfam amathonba tangai fade. hanjinlakhibani. Mayangi matou asi Meiteina khanglakpadagi 23

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

mayanga lapthoknarakhi.Aduga nakal amadana mayanggi langlouda mannadaba laining lichat amana Meiteiga taiyonnaba kanglon ama houdok-khi. Madudi, Meiteina Hindulainingchatlagachingmibu nattraga, Hindu laining loudaba kangbuna amangbani haiduna sokna-samnaba yahandabagi (untouchability) kanglon puthokhibani.Aduga Christian laining louhankhibani, laining lichat mannadabadagi lamdam asida chatnaraklibayelhou lichat pumnamakmanghankhi.Hairiba thouwong animak yeknaba mayangna chap mannaba kanglon asichathabadagi ngasigi mayang Hindu gi, mayang Christian gi khunai kanglon adu eikhoigi khunaigi yumfam oirakpadagi punba sukya yararoidaba chingmi tammini haina khannare. Masi aranba wakhallonni. Maram aduna ipaipugi khunaigi yumfamdadi chingmi-tammi chap mannei, adubu ngasigi fibam asidadi

yamna khetnana unare. Mityeng asi khetnadanabagidamak mitopki ithil (influence) dagi yelhoukhunaigisaktam kaikhiba adu loukhatlagakhetnaba leitaba mannaba khunaigi achumba wakhallon asina nouhounana isagi leihaodatharabadi ipa-ipugi saktamsu manghandana taibangpansigimiyoibakhunaina tung koina lengdana nungaiminnabagi yumfam thonba ngamgadouribani.

Ngasigi mirolna hairiba khongthang asi paikhatpa ngamlabadi miyoipok oina pokpagi ithoudang pangthokle haiba yare.

Miyoibagi fajabadi amattani maram aduna pikhraba eikhoigi lamdam asidagisu miyoibagi fajaba, ahaoba, lu-nanba, nungsinaba, awatpa leitana fangminnaduna punsi leitaana paanminnaba gi kanglon adu houdokpa yai. Fajabadi lotsinduna thamba yade, amotpa wakhal haibadi mibu

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namtharaga, kihallaga namduna pan-gani haiba wakhallon asidi achumba miyoibagi hingminnabagi machat natte.

Maram aduna asigumba kalakkanjaoba masagi nungainabata khanba migi nungainaba khanba ngamdaba miyoisingdi mataida adum leihouba tabani.

M i y o i b a n a chaokhatlaklimakhei, mannaba khunaigikanglonchatnarimakhei makhoigi mafam leirakloi.

Fajaba thabak toubada chingnadana chathabana mathou masak khangba oigani.

chaosinba ngamdabagi matang amadi oiribani.Meitei gi masada napanna pik thanba, achaoramna pik thanbadagi lalhou lup manungda khetnaba apamba lakpada matam chana watemhoudaba haibasi lup kaiduna machet yamna thokpagi achouba maram amani.

Napanna pik thanba wakhanda leirabanina yanadaba pumnamak hattoklaga permenant solution oirani haibadagi Meitei masen hatnabagi fibam asi semlakhibani. Asuk sangba yawolgi khongchat asi Neta Pumnamak asidagi henna maru Irabot ki yawol-ihou matungdagi oiribadi lamdamsida Meitei State Committee gi mamangeidagi matam sangna matamdasu hougadouriba ihou furup khudingmakna yana adugi wakhallon miyamda luchingduna laklibaMeitei furup khanghandana makhoi kharagi ki manungda mitopki ithilda thamoida leiriba wakhallon adu yumfam oiduna yelhoungeigi thabak hekta khut thabada eikhoigi ipa-ipusingnathollamba miyamdi touriba asi karino yumfam asi thugaikhi. Maram khangdabanina yetlakhi. Mina aduna matamga channaba yetlakliba adugi maramsu yumfamthonsihaibagimatangda hangdana makhoigi maiyokta chamamnaba wakhallon leire haina hekta louduna leibadagi yawol asi khumang hattoklaga farani haina warep 25

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

gi nongmapanba Chaorel houba numit asida Sanamahi gi laisang leiriba Haying Khongban (Manipur Rifle first battalion) asida puthoklasi haiba ihou lakpada yamlaba ipanatipunatpu thajaba lamdam asigi miyam hourakhi. Hairiba lainingthou Sanamahigi sakpan asi Keisamthongi Bamon Surjamani gi mayumda Makha samtharakpada Pan latlambani. Sanamahi loubagi Manipuri Youth League 1968 ta miyamgi khongjangasigi ahanba lingkhattuna miyamda yawol numit adu yumbuna pidabadagi, mathou tare haiba wakhallon mathangi numitta naha ahal piduna “Lamyaanba� chefong kayana namfuda louthoklaga puthoktuna Manipur gi miyamta laisangda thamlaga miyamna nattana awang nokpok lamdam, latnaba hotnakhi. Numittuda houjikna WESEA haina atamdugi khunek lanmi MR. gi khangnariba lamdam asida Nepali personel amana wakhan tahannaba hotnarakhi. miyamdu thugainaba atamnana Ihou asina hiram khudingmakta nongmei kappada naha ani miyambu wakhal tahallakpadagi Heingangdagi Kumar amasung inaat hanjinnaba ihousu Oinam dagi oinam Chaoba (revivalism) yaoraktuna nongmeina panduna sikhi.

Santidash Gosai na thugaikhiba Asumna miyambu wakhal Meitei khunaigi yumfam amuk tahallaga ihougi tangaifadaba thon-gadabani haiba ihouda adukhangminnarabamatamdadi lamdamsigi miyamna achumba ihou asi miyamgi oirakhi. asi khanglakpadagi 1975ki mera Mameithangda Lainingthou 26 louba asidagi miyamna henna yawol luchingbasingbu yaraktabagi achouba maramni.

Kayamuk sathina mihat-mipun chathakhibage haibabu lam helli ihousigi maiyokta leirabani haiduna adusu Meitei masenda hattoklaga midu thonglaga chathokhi haibagi tamthiba warisu leiribani.

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

Sanamahi mitam bu Chief Mminister Yang Maso Seija na hairiba Hahing khongbangi laisangda puthoktuna leipak miyamna latpa houkhi. Houjik faoba miyamna irat-thouniriba asini.

Isagi saktam hanjinjage haibada asuk yamna yetlibasi karigino?

Wahang asi lamdam asigi miyam, maruoinanaharolsingna masana masada hangjanarakkhi. Iroinanalamdamsidakhutlai paibagi ihousu khongjel yangkhatkhi. 1977 da PREPAK, 1978 tana PLA thoklaktuna nongmei paiba yawol ihou hourakhi. Adubu hairiba khongthangasi miyamga loinana yawol ihougi wakhal taminnabadi watkhi. Yeknaba masak khangna lanthengnarabadi yawol ihou asi yamna mapangan kangadabani.

Wakhallon hanna taminnadabadagi khutlaipaiduna eikhoi masen hatnaba hourakkhi. Chaphu kairaga kwakna harao-i hainabagum,

Yeknabanadi sen changdana pang-gal tingdana eikhoi masen hatnahannaba sillakpa saroulangna eikhoi pumba loina kupminnakhi. Yeknabagi lallongna mai-pak-khiduna eikhoina amatta punba yadaduna ngasi faoba leiri.

Thajanaba amatta sagatpa ngamnadri. Lahouba masen hatnakhidaba lalhoulup amatta leikhide. Kok kokta ungsinduna leibadouna ngasisu chaman koknadabagum tounari.

Wakhal-mityeng mannadaba yaorakpada, wakhal taminnanaba hotnabasu toude.

Ungkhatnaduna adum mangminnabagi mawong chathaduna leibana yawol khumang chaosinba ngamdana leiri. Masigi aranba khongchat asi houjik yawol touriba lup khudingmakna hongdoktuna yeknaba maiyoknarabadi soidana apunba pangal semgatpa ngamgani.

Meiteinabuwakhal taminnaduna yawolihouasidamaiyonchumna 27

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chatlabadi WESEA lamdamda yelhou furup muthatnabaIndiagi chat-tharakliba lalong asi laina thengnaba ngamgani.

Achumbada napan kabadadi henna mating leirakkani.Aduga mina insinbada napan karabadi, haibadi khaidok-khaijin gi lallongda pangthaduna napan karabadi eikhoi masen hatnaraga chaokhatpa yararoidaba lalhou taduna tokkani. Eikhoi achumba khangna napan kasi. India di revolution toudana semgatlakkhibakhunaini.Hayengeikhoina yawol mai pakpadadi chaokhatpasi hainingai leitana India dagi hen-gadouribani.

thadoknarasi mannaba khunai lingnabagi wakhallon amadi chatna kanglon semduna mai paknapa yawol laan tourasi.

Lan-gera chumgera eina yadradi loire haiba namfugi wakhal asi thadoklasi. Lalhou asi namtharabanina mathangda khunai asi muthatlaga mayanggi nungairaba leipak ama semkhigani.Eikhoinapummang manglaba leipak khunai oiduna leikhragani. Masigi khudong thiba asidagi ngakthoknaba yawol chumna houduna miyam yaona lan touminnaba tangaifade. Mathakta panjariba khudongthibatangfamsingasibu kaothoknaraga tungidamak Loisillakpada laanna chatluba ngsidagi thabak hourasi. yawol khongthang pumnamak

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WAKHAL BU MANINGTAMHANBA (DECOLONIZATION OF MIND) LUCKY Houkhiba decade kharasida Kangleipak na thenngnarakliba aruba wathok sing bu kupthan neinaduna yenglabadi anouba Politics (New Politics) amagi mathou tababadu mayek sengna ugani khalli. Tasengbamak-su eikhoi Kangleichahaiba meewoi kanglup asi phurup ama oina puwari lanna makha tana hingduna leiba ngamhangadaba Politics touribameewoi Kanglup ama oidrabani.

Nungsinadaba (hatred), kallakyengthiba (jealousy), chingnaba (suspicion), chumdaba (injustice) amadi akiba (fear) haibaduda yumpham oiba Politics ki makhal amani chahi kharasida eikhoina uriba leibaksigi Politics, masi masa mawoo phaba Politics amadi

natte. Ngasi uriba Kang khong chaiba khunnai (social pandemonium) asisu madugi mahei ni haibada panglan lanlaroi.

Politics asi hundoktuna anouba Politics (Newpolitics)amatouba mathou tai haina hairiba asisu achumba (objectiveontology) da yumpham oiba wani. Eikhoi meewoi phurup ama oina hingduna leithaba ngamlaroi haiba du takpa masing thingamdaba thoudoksing meetmangda pot oina chongthorakpadagi hairaklibani, khudam amuk panduna hairudrabasu pumnamakna uduna leire haina khanjei.

Khunnai asi kaitha-kinthadaba mapham amata leitrabani.

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Houjik uriba achumba yaodaba Politics asi leiribamakhei phurup amaga phurup amagagi marakta khaibung khaibung tanabada nattana manaba phurup amagi manungdaphao muknaba leiriba asidagi wangma lanna henna khunnai natraga henna wahanthok leiba punsi ama haibadudi lakkani khanluba yadre.

Khudam oina hairabda NagaKuki muknaba, Kuki-Naga muknaba, Naga sing gi marakta muknaba, Kuki sing gi marakta muknaba amadi Meiteising gi marakta muknaba.

lanthokadage haibaduni. Whang sida piba eikhoi gi phurup ki paokhum (Collective response) tuna eikhoi gi siba changba leptouribani.

Ahanbada mayek sengna uribadi, Kangleicha singna phurup ama oina hingduna liege hairabaadi achumba, nungsiba, amadi amana amabu ikai khumnaba haibaduda yumpham oiba Politics ama mathou tai haibasini, maramdi asigumba Politics asikhaktana Kangleipak ta houjik-houjik leiriba Kanglup masen gi marakta muknaba (horizontal conflict) asi henna wangkhathanduna maru-oiba muknaba haibadi Indo-Kanglei Political Conflict pu nemthahalliba thouwong asi thingba ngangani. Kangleipakta

Asigumba arubasi lanthokpa ngamdaba haibasina iroi loibada eikhoina thengnagadouribsi Kangkhul mutpa haibadu-natana aphaba amadi lakloi haibasi pumnamakna khangnaraba wapham ni. ‘Eikhoi mutlagani, Eikhoi mutlagani haiba wahei si ‘Shared Common Future’ ama eikhoi pumnamakki chinda semba haibasi Indo-Kanglei conflict paktuna leia waphamsu political oirabani, adubu henna maru wakheinarabatada oigadabani, oiriba natrga luriba waphamdi adubu hairiba Virtical conflict eikhoi arubasidagi karamna asibu wakhei naba haibasi 30

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

Kanglup masengi mrakta leiriba muknaba asi wakheinadrabadi ntragana mukna ba (horizontal conflict) gi chang asi hanthahandrabadi oithokpa yaroidaba pot ni.

ngammi.

Maphamsida eikhoina Brazil macha EducationistPaulo Freire na mahakki maming chatlaba lairik ‘Peagogy of the oppressed’ ta hairamba wapham ama ningsingba yai.

Mahakna hairamme, “Opti neibiraba-sing na makhoigi lantheng gi ahanba tangkakta ningtamnaba hotnadraduna otneiribasing adu oinaba oina hotnei”.

Masigidamak houjik eikhoina mathou taribasi eikhoi gi wakhal khukhal asi maning tamhanbani, decolonization of mind haibaduni. Loilam mapu na eikhoi gi wakhal bu phajin punsindunathamlibakeisumsang dudagi eikhoigi wakhal asi nanthokhanba ama chang-i. Mathakki wapham si Kokta meenai oiba p u s i n j a r a k l a g a hainingjaninglibadikuinameenai tokkadabani haibani. oiduna leirabadi eikhoina eikhoi Meewoi amabu natraga meewoi mee mee haina hairibasi meephurup amabu namthaduna otpa meesingdu ni haina lourakthamnabagikhwaidagimapangal I, masimak wakhal bu meenai kanba khutlaidi meewoibagi oihankhibadudagi thoklakliba wakhal (mind) bu Colonize taibang miyeng ni, False touba ni. Wakhal bu loi ConstructionofRealityhaibatai. chansinduna amuk-pu meenai Aduna kok ta chanliba meenai oihankhrabadi tapna tapna yot-hing adu thadat-trabadi meenaioidunaleibasiachumbani makhoi karigumba matamda khanlaktuna aranbabu achumba haibadu karino haiba achumbani haina khanlakpa lamba ngamlaroi.

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Asumna eikhoigi ‘Mind’ bu ‘Colonize’ toukhiba matamdadi eikhoi si isagi mapuni haiba kaojaduna achumbabu khanjanduna thamlaga kokta hapchinbirakliba arambasingdugi mamee dubu achumbani haina louduna acumbabu masak-mawong thugai, haibadi ‘distort’ touwee amadi maduda yumpham oiduna touba Politics tubu achumba Politics ni haina lourak-e.

oihande amdi achumba masak khanghande. Phibam asi ngasi Kangleipak tathoktuna leiribani.

Houjik eikhoi ‘Abnormal ‘oiba potsing bu ‘Normalize’ touduna hotnari, aduga thouwong asibu eikhoina ‘Kanglei Politics’haina mamingthonjinli.

Hujik tasengna yenglabadi eikhoina ugani madudi India na Kangleipak taching tam animak ki wakhal (mind) bu ‘colonize’ touduna makhoi gi loilam leingak asi makha chatthahanli.

Meeoibagi wakhal (mind) bu meenai oihanba (colonization of mind) haibasidagi henna mapangal kanbameewoi phurup amabu loi channabagi khutlai leite.

Asigumba phibamda ningtamba gi wahanthok si meebu otneiba, chakthung matpa, kihan khanghanba haibududa yumpham oiraga wahanthok peeba hourak-ee. Mahei oina meeyam amadi phurup sing gi marak ta chingnaba amadi Maram aduna eikhoi aranba, thajanadabagi chang asi kihan-khanghanaba, amadi wangkhatkhiduna makhoigi kalak yengthiba da yumpham mathakta tasengnamak netliba oiba Politics na eikhoi bu youna loilam mapu sing-gi langda irai mongphamdu laina hanjin hanjin thui, amadi pudringeida henna mapang-gal asiguma thouwong asina kanba eikhoi gi world view si makhoibu henna henna mee honghanba ngamba (Paradigm 32

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shift) achumba (justice) ta yumpham oiba Poltics ama toubagi matam oire, masidagi thengtharabadi mutpa haibadu soidrabani.

Achumba amadi mannaba haibadu purakke hairabadi namthaba amadi tuhatpiba haiba ‘concept’ singasi ‘psychological level’ dagi yengduna munna khangbagi mathou lei, maramdi namthaba natraga tuhatpa haibasina eikhoi gi wakhal meetyeng pumba,‘economy’ bu oiro ‘culture’ bu oiro natraga ‘politics’ pu oiro mayek senghande; sengna hairabadi ‘suppression’ haibasina achumba masak khangbagi panggal du yamna sonthahalli, maram aduna achumba toubadi lairadana khanbaphao ngamhande.

oigadabani haiduna chingmee tamee anigi marakta hannadagi chekkaiduna leiraba leikrak asi hengathanbada karimatta nachungsdriba asi na taklibadi eikhoi si kuina meenai oirakpadagi meebu namthaba amadi meegi hak matpa haibasi mapu oibagi chatnabani masi toubada aranba amata leite haina khallakle haibani. Wahei amada hairabadi eikhoi kok asi ‘colonize’ toukhibana eikhoi houjik asengba (truth), achumba (justice) amadi aranba (injustice) ka haiba wahei sing asi confuse toure haibani. Hangninglibadi eikhoi asumna touduna Loilam mapu oiriba India gi loilam leingak asibusougattuna thamle, ‘status quo’ maintain toubada mateng pangle haibasini.Aduga maduga iroinana eikhoi isana eikhoigi nungdapaktunayapriba ‘spirit of independence’ busu khouri charam mettuna hatokle haibani.

Handak Manipur University da meeng chanbada Accadmic Council of Manipur University na chingmee ichin inaosing gi Wakahl makhal asi share 31% oigadaba adu 7.5% hongdoktaba yaroi haibani, 33

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anouba politics (New politics) ama ariba Politics (old politics) asibu ‘negate’ touduna poklakpa ama chang-e haibani.

Adubu ‘Newpolitics’ hairibasidi ‘mind’ bu ‘decolonize’ toubadagi hougadabani. Eikhoi gi meenai setmilonda thongatpa ‘culture’ hongba tare. Eikhoi bu kanano takliba ‘values’ amadi ‘norms’ sing hanna yengba (redefine) tougadabani.

haibadi wakhal bu maning tamhanduna anouba achumbada yumpham oiba eikhoi pumbababu henna nungaiba mapung phaba leibak ama piba ngamgadouba anouba politics ama pok-hanba ngamgani.

Eikhoi ariba esei nganglakpa kuire, anoubakhunnai gi nungsit (wind of change)haibadu purakke hairabadi anouba esei Namthabiraba cultural base bu ama sakpa tai, adubu anouba nouna thogatkadabani, isei asigidamak eikhoina reconstruct tougadoubani. Masi ahanbada mathou taribasi tourabadata eikhoi na eikhoi gi ‘Mind’ bu decolonize ‘mind’ bu ‘decolonize’ touduna toubani.

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FREEING THE MIND: THE HEART OF A MORE JUST SOCIETY COM. K. I. The present state of affairs seen in Manipur is anindicationof the need for a new politics to be born in the state, replacing the old politics based on fear, exclusion andinjustice, standing against the Kanglei collective imagination of seeing a better future where we all can live together irrespective of hills and valley, without fear and intimidation in our mind. We seem to forget the fact that every human institution must base on justice to make sure peace and harmony to the people living there. Talking straight, no more we (read Meitei) can assume ourselves as a group of people playing the expected role of being a big brother to the other groups of people coexisting together, sticking to the idea of Manipur as composed of the

Imphal valley and the hills surrounding it along with the people populating in there.

The politics which we are doing now are not healthy ones and it often makes us failed everytime we attempt to transcend the division severing ties with hill brethren. The sociopolitical chaos littering abundantly here in the state are the fruits of the same old politics that do not value mutual respect, truth and justice via which we can rebuild Manipur into a state as envisioned since the time when we were forciblyannexed to the dominion of India some 68 or 69 years ago.

The idea that we need a new politics by casting off the old illiberal one links to ontological realities. Several sociopolitical 35

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issues bearing testimony to the fact that we will no longer be able to carry on our historical continuity are at the core of this notion of new politics conceived of the idea of justice, equality and fraternity. I think, we need not give examples to prove the existence of injustice in our conduct of human affairs. There is no aspect of our society that is not distorted and crumbled down starting from politics, morality, arts, culture, and even to our behaviour.

As long as there remains this old idea of injustice in the mind of the majority Meitei people it would be unmanageable for the state to see a new dawn filled with multicolouredspectrums of lights.Itwillbedifficulttoresolve the conflict between ethnic groups as well as the conflict within same ethnic group, for instance, the conflict between groups of diverse ideologies within Meitei community.

And Inability to transcend this will lead us to nowhere but to

the axiomatic ‘national extinction’, a question that is on everyone’s lips at the moment.

But what is more pressing and significant than that now is the question as to how we would successfully pass through the phase steering the current in a direction as desired by the people of Manipur for a collective future. How we answer to these defining questions will decideour destiny, death or life.

Now it is as clear as day that, to continue our survival as a people we need a politics that rests on truth, justice and mutual respect, for it is onlythrough this politics that we can stop the process making the vertical conflict of Indo-Kanglei political battle incidental to the horizontal conflicts among ethnic sisters. We must not forget the plain truth that building a shared future of all groups in the state lies only in the resolution to the ongoing Indo-Kanglei political conflict revolving around the merger of 1949, and that

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resolution to the Indo-Kanglei conflict, however, is thinkable only when we, all the ethnic groups in Manipur, stand united.

themselves to become oppressors or sub-oppressors.

Quotinghim whatIwant topoint out is that, remaining long as a For it what we need at the first slave distorts one’s idea of being place is to decolonize our mind a man and it makes him taking from colonial bondage as to being an oppressor for a perfect make able to see ourselves as man. This is a product of the architect of our own destiny. conditioningone’s mind through The meaning is that we must dominantcultural,political,social stop to think like a slave by and educational forces—false freeing our minds from their construction of reality. So, as clutch, for the easiest way for a long as we do not tear off the group of people to be colonised chain fettering our mind, we is first to colonise their brain. If won’t be able to reach to the they have been once colonised idea of justice, love and truth— in their mind they will begin to the basic constituents of a man. see the state of being enslaved For such anindividual or a group as normal practice, thereby of people whose mind has been distorting their whole idea of enslaved, it will take truth as the justice, injustice, truth and reflection of the distorted images untruth. they got constructed on their mind and will take the politics Here it I think would be worth thrived on that distortion as recalling the words of Brazilian correct politics. educationist Paulo Freire in his famous book ‘The Pedagogy of In the circumstances, the oppressed’ where he says: appropriation, violation of during the initial stage of the human rights, oppression and struggle, the oppressed, instead suppression of the least of striving for liberation, tend advantaged, and the politics of 37

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selling fear to others become the base of freedom as perceived in their ever eroding psychic structure.As a result, the extent of suspicion, mistrust and cynicism among the ethnic groups living in the state reach a point extremelyclosetothepoint of no return. Thus fallinginto the trap of a bigger other, many times we on our own accord enter the mouth of death, and we call it Kanglei politics.

So before we have been completely carried away by this old politics, which we are doing now, like mere floating masses without gravity,wemustshiftour thought paradigm givingit a way to flow freely along with the spirit of the time—freedom, justice, peace and unity— towards a more just society that embraces a fuller meaning of humanity. If we do not do it immediately, therewill not come another time in the days to Now by all appearances, it can come, yes, it is now or never. be said that India has succeeded colonizing the mind If we are to bring about a society of valley people as well as hill free from suppression and people and successfully injustice there is also a need to maintained theirsupremacyover relook at it from a psychological them without much deliberate perspective as the concept action on their part as the locus suppression always needs to be of domination reaches a point understood linking itself to the where our colonized minds itself process through which the become the instrument of denominator infusesin them (the domination on the behalf of the dominated) the spirit of fear and oppressors. As clear as a bell, the sense of unimportance. So we see that there indeed is people who are struggling for a nothing more powerful of an bigger fight against those instrument than the colonisation dominating over them must of the human mind. unlearn things like fear and 38

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injustice preventing them from becoming more human to decolonize themind.You cannot decolonize your mind, and yet live in the darkness of injustice and inhumanity.

The recent resolution adopted by the Academic Council, Manipur University, on 8th October 2016 as respect the reservation in admission in Manipur Universityto follow the reservation norms of 7.5% for ST (hill people), 15% for SC instead of reserving 31% for ST and 2% for SC can be read, in every sense, as a deliberate act of a few academic elites in MU and the shadows of the Ghosts standing behind and riding over them, to worsen the already warped hill-valleyrelation.

And at the same time, it can be understood as a result of the mind colonisation process taken on by mainland India as to maintain the status quo of supremacy over us. How can one think to reserve 7.5% for the ST that represents 41% of

the total population of Manipur while reserving15%for SC who are all Meitei representing less than 5% of state population as an act of justice? This is against natural justice when looked at it from an ethical point of view, which is based on natural law.

So the uneven resolution adopted by academic council ignoring the central educational institutions (reservation in admission) Amendment Act 2012 (31 pc for ST, 2 pc for SC and 17 pc for OBC) indicates to what extent our mind, particularly the mind of Meitei who are expected to play the role of big brother by other communities, has been colonized bythe Indian colonial process. It has reached a critical point where they cannot tell the truth from untruth, and justice from injustice.

The point is that bydoing so, we are helping the power that be in maintaining the status quo, also helping them to meet their ultimate goal of making us 39

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incapable of continuing our survival as a people.And along with that, we have strangled the spirit of independence, trying itself to be born inside us marking the spirit of our times.

All these things which we are witnessingnowinManipurinthe true sense go against the spirit of our times that needs a wind of change to blow our mind breaking open the chain of bondage.

Here we may recall that UGC Secretary Prof (Dr) Jaspal S Sandhu, who visited Manipur University on the 18th October of 2016 with respect to the reservation impasse also asked MU authority to follow the reservation norms laid down by the central education institutions (Reservation in Admission) Amendment Act 2012 for admission in the varsity, and it was based on the UGC letter sent to all Central universities, including MU on June 3 this year instructing to follow the reservation policy as per provision in CEI (Reservation in

Admission) 2006 and as amended in 2012, and endorsing the ruling of the High Court of Manipur passed on September 1 last year as respect the matter. According to the ruling and the letter, the reservation quantum must be 31% for the STs and 2% for the SCs. But, nevertheless, an emergency meeting of the Head of Departments and Deans held on 22 October endorsed the October 8 resolution of Academic council to follow the reservation of 7.5 pc for ST and 15 pc for SC and 17 pc for OBC which made hill people perceive injustice. And this evidently shows a shift in the locus of domination. Now that colonisation of our mind completes full circle so there is no need for the Centre to take on any deliberate action to put an end to our existence as we are shredding away all the possibilities of a shared future, inclusive and harmonious.

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Look at these Meitei students taking to the street protesting not to give a proper share to their brothers from the hills, and those academic elites who seem not to feel anything wrong when taking the decision to discriminate hill students. It is mainly because they are living with a dual personality: one as the oppressed, and the other as the oppressor. That is why half of their body and mind says we are brothers, and the other half says we must snatch their share.

This psychological state where body disconnects to mind can

be traced to how the mind has been colonised by colonising forces.

Now we need to do a new politics in order to cross the chaotic situation and steer the current in a direction as desired by the people for a collective future, more just, harmonious and peaceful. But to change from old to new, we need to decolonize our minds. If not we will keep doing things scripted by others reconstructing the status quo resulting in our extinction in the end.

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WHY SHOULD WE DEMAND FOR RESTORATION OF PRE-MERGER POLITICAL STATUS OF MANIPUR DR. L. K 1. What are core issues of Manipur today?

traditions (6) to provide a greater autonomyin the name of Restoration of Pre-Merger The core issues of Manipur are Political Status of Manipur to (1) The need for introduction of bring back their pristine gloryof Inner Line Permit System in more than 2000 years old Manipur in order to regulate the unique history and correct the entry of migrant workers from series of blunders which the other states and to prevent Government of India has extinction of Manpuris in the committed during1947 to 2016. near future (2) Restoration of The no(1), (2),(3) (4) issues can Scheduled Tribe status of the be easily overcome with the Meiteis to bring equality among Restoration of Pre-Merger all ethnic groups and to protect Political Status of Manipur. The their identity, land, language, no. (5) issue can be resolved script, culture, traditions (3) To with the amendment of Indian restore the love, unity, solidarity, Constitution in more than 15 mutual cooperation, communal areas . It is extremely doubtful harmony , peace and whether the Government of development of Manipur (4) To India will amend the Indian lift the Armed Forces Special Constitution in the interest of Power Act-1958 (AFSPA) Manipuris with all sincerity, from all parts of Manipur. (5) honesty and commitment. It is, To provide the constitutional therefore, worth while to discuss safe guards for the Meiteis to the possibilities and initiate a protect their identity, land, mass movement fot grant of language, script, culture, Restoration of Pre-Merger 42

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Political Status of Manipur (Greater Autonomy).We need not indulge in symptomatic treatment anymore.We will find a permanent cure for all the issues and problems in the form of Restoration of Pre-Merger Political Status of Manipur (GreaterAutonomy).This is not only the dream of only the Meteis. Let us dream together.

Let us stand united as one man for a greater cause.

At one time, the Hindu Meiteis thought that India is the land of Mahatma Gandhi andwe will be safer and happier with India. But India has betrayed Manipur on many counts and committed a series of blunders against a sovereign and independent kingdom of Manipur, which are beyond the norms of international laws.

Manipur belongs to the Nagas,Kukis, Meiteis and Meitei Pangans.

Manipur belongs to the Meiteis, Nagas , Kukis , Meitei Pangans, Nepalis , Bengalis, Marawaris, Punjabis etc. Without Meiteis, Nagas , Kukis , Meitei Pangans,

Nepalis , Bengalis, we can not call it Manipur. Without the history of Nagas, Kukis, Meitei Pangans , the historyof Manipur is never complete. Without the Nagas, Kukis, Meitei Pangans, this land can not be called Manipur Manipur Maharaja at the of coronation occupied the throne in Tangkhul dress showing the blood relationship between Meiteis andTankghuls.

There are many folk tales, ceremonies and festivals where the Nagas and Meiteis participate.

Meidingu Taothingmang (264-364 CE) , Naothingkhong (663-763) may be Khongjais (Kuki).

There were many instances where the Kuki Chiefs saved the lives of Manipuri Kings. Many Nagas sacrificed their lives to protect the kingdom of Manipur. Chirai Naga Alias Chirai Thangal was hanged on 13th October, 1891 after defeat of Manipur in the AngloManipur War of1891 at Central Jail, Imphal for murder of Mr. Melville, Superintendent of Telegraph Department.

Chowkami Naga and Gowho Naga of Mayangkhang were 43

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transported for life to Port Blair , Andaman and Nicober ( Kalapani). All the ethnic groups have sacrificed their lives for protecting the unityand integrity of Manipur throughout the history of Manipur. The Nagas , Kukis, Begalis, Gorkhas have made immense contribution for protecting the Manipur kingdom. All the ethnic groups live with mutual respect and trust and worked unitedly for peace and development for the last more than 2000 years. If we become united as before, the state can go forward and compete with the best brains of the world.

What can the Government of India do ?

State.

2. The Government of India can inciteacivilwaramongtheethnic groups any day or any time in the name of Article 371C which is extremely discriminatory against the Meiteis.

3. The Government of India can

make us fight in the name of ethnicity, religion, politics by siding with one particular communityagainst another .We can calculate how many riots have taken place and how many have been killed in the last 30 years. More than 900 Kukis have been killed in the name of ethnic cleansing during 199295 in Manipur.

4.The Government of India can

make the Manipuris a minority in our own homeland in the name of secularism and democracy by indulging in the war without arms- population invasion.The uncontrolled and unchecked immigration posed a great threat to the national security, .demographic balance with the prospect of the outsiders becoming a majority community reducing the 44

1. The Government of India can disintegrate the territorial integrity of Manipur and change the border any day or any time under Article 3 of the Indian Constitution. The decision of Manipur State Assembly may not be required but the support of bigger states with larger no. of MPs will be required as happened in case of Telengana

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majority indigenous communities liketheMeities and Tribals into minorityin our own home land.

5. The Government of India is always looking to us with suspicious eyes. Their hidden agenda is to replace the indigenous population of North East India with Mongoloid features with the mainland Indians of Aryan blood in the name of secularism and democracy over a period of few decades. and reduce the indigenous population to a microscopic minorityand build an united India of the same Aryan blood .There is already demographic Imbalance and threat to Manipur’s identity as happened in Andaman and Nicobar. We, the Manipuris become willing partners.

incidence of local girls marrying to outside migrants is increasing every year. The migrants particularlythe Muslims are not using family planning methods for birth control although the indigenous population are practicing family planning methods leading to population imbalance.

The Government of India want to divide us in the name of ethnicity, religion,politics ,social status, economic status to prevent us from forming an united North East and an united Manipur. They know that the North East India is a sleeping giant . The North East may wake up one day from slumber and demand to become an independent country This is main headache and worryof the Government of India. They do not want Muivah to emerge as 6. There is a sense of a leader of North East . The helplessness, anxiety and Government of India is happy tension among the Manipuris when there is a disunity, conflict fearing that the Meitei identity or clash between the ethnic or tribal identity or Muslim groups. The conflict or the civil identity are under threat. The unrest is the making of the situation after arrival of Train government of India. The connection willbe alarming.The government of India is playing 45

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the role of proverbial monkey when two cats are fighting. The Government of India is more worried about what to do if the whole North East India becomes united .It is shameful on our part to rush to Delhi and complain against our own brother just to extract some benefits. We are welcoming a mere union secretary with garlands . We do not mind sacrificing our dignity as a Manipuri for the sake of our ethnicity.

What our politicians are doing ?

Our honourable political leaders are not so honourable these days . They have no time to think about our motherland or the people as they are busy in blaming with each other to win election. They are entirely responsible for fast increase of migrant population in Manipur .

Many of our Political Leaders in Manipur use the immigrants as vote banks. . They supported and facilitate the immigrants in getting ration cards, BPL cards, driving licence, Birth certificate

and ultimately Voter ID . They even help them in purchasing land or shops.

The Kingdom of Manipur existed from 1445 BCE. to 1949 CE Manipur was a sovereign and independent kingdom from 1445 BCE to 27th April, 1891 CE. Manipur was defeated in the Anglo-Manipur War of 1891. After the war, Manipur became a princely state, which continued till 14 August,1947.

Manipur was an independent and sovereign country with the king as a constitutional ruler from 14 August,1947 to 14 October, 1949. Manipur had its own constitution on 26 July1947 before India adopted its own constitution on 26 January,1950. Manipur was an independent democratic countrywith its own Legislative Assembly established through adult franchise on 18 October, 1948 whereas India had its own Parliament on 17April,1952.

At one time, the kingdom of Manipur was enjoying the status of Asiatic Power and recognised by the British Parliament and Burma

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(Myanmar). The Chittagong Treaty was signed on 4th September,1762 by Hurray Das Gussein, actingon behalf of Jai Singh, King of Manipur and Mr. Harry Verelst, Chief of Chittagong Factoryon behalf of the British just 5 years before the Battle of Plassey in June,1757. TheYandabo Treaty was signed by General Sir Archibald Campbell on the British side, and the Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese were forced to accept the British terms without discussion. Under this Treaty, Burma (Myanmar) and British recognised Gambhir Singh as the king of Manipur. The sovereignty and independence of Manipur was restored on the night of 14 August, 1947 (midnight) and maintained till forced merger of Manipur on 15 October, 1950.

unbroken history like Manipur.

T How and why Manipur kingdom lasted for more than 2000 years ? How and why Manipur kingdom lasted for more than 2000 years ? What is the secret ? The unique history of Nagas is nothing as compared with the 2000 years old historyof Manipur.

Why the Kingdom of Manipur lasted for more than 2000 years ?

Manipur kings used to sayto the hill Khullakpas “ I am the king ofManipur. Similarlyyou arethe king of your own village (Khun gi Ningthou). You are free to exercise your full autonomy regarding religion, customs , traditions, customary laws. My responsibility is to protect your kingship and your village from foreign aggression and interGovernment of India should village conflicts for which you respect the unique history of have to pay annual tributes . If Manipur. we have to fight with another country, we have to jointly fight No Indian kingdom or Princely with that country�. The King did State and no civilization in the not interfereintheadministration world had such a long, of the villages as long as the Khullapas or Khunbus or 47

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Ningthous remainloyal,peaceful and render services to the state administration. Inter-village conflicts and head hunting were very common in those days and the hill Khullakpas were very happy with this arrangement.

The king used to say “All the ethnic groups are the flowers in the garland and I am the thread of this garland.” He used to sing “Chingna Koina pansaba, Hauna koina panngakpa, Manipur sana leimayol” appreciating and showing gratitude for defending the boundary of Manipur. Here the terminology “ Hau” was used out of love to denote the Hau (today called XIAN) origin of Tangkhuls and other hill tribes.

Tangkhuls came from Hau-city which was in China. Due to cruel and oppressive rule ofYin and Shan dynasties in China around 3000 BCE, there was a massive exodus of people of Hau and entered Burma. After settlement for manycenturies in Burma, they arrived at Samjok and to Manipur. It is considered that theTangkhuls came together with the Maos, Poumeis,

Marams and Thangals because all of them have references to their dispersal from Makhel, a Mao village in Senapati district.

Theyhad also erected megaliths at Makhel, from where they agreed to separate and went in different directions.Hau was not a derogatory term. There were no social difference between the ethnic groups and all were happy in the kingdom.

Declaration of Sovereignty and Independence of Manipur On the night of 14th August , 1947 at 12 P.M. , Mr. Gerald Pakenham Stewart informed Maharaja Bodhachandra that the paramountcy of British rule in India had come to an end and India became independent from that particular moment. He handed over the reigns of Manipur to the Maharaja. On 28th August, 1947 AD,(Thursday) at 12 midnight , the sovereigntyof Manipur was declared by the Political Agent Mr. Gerald Pakenham Stewart, ICS and he handed over Manipur to Maharaja Budhchandra Singh at a special function at the Manipur State Durbar in presence of all senior

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Officers and a large number of people . Maharaja entered Kangla at Imphal and hoisted the National Flag of Manipur called the Pakhangba Flag (Malem Puba Paphal flag).Top-guns were fired 18 times by Ahongsangbam Bidhu, Top Major in honour of the

Sovereign Kingdom in the presence of a large crowd. Thus when India gained independence on 15 August, 1947, Manipur became a sovereign and independent Manipur kingdom and this status was maintained till 15 October 1949.

(To be continued‌‌..)

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HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

Wahoudok: Marxist ki mityengdagi sinmisingna amadi yawolloisingna miwoiba khunnaina mapung marei pharakpagi puwari, Historical Materialism haina khangnaba asibu hek neinaba hourakpadagidi ikhang khanghoudana mitta matam kuina punsinduna thamlamba mitkhum-phi hangdokkhibaga chap mannarakkhi.

Asumna Historical Materialism neinaba h o u r a k p a d a g i d i m a m a n g t h a k t a khanglamdaba yamna luna thoklamba thoudok amadi thabak-thouwongsing mayek sengna khangba hourak-i, loinana masina houkhiba, houkhibakhakta nattana houjik houjikkisu wakhal tahalli. Asum touduna miwoibana, leisemlon

amasung senmitki chatnarol (political & economic system), leingaksing amasung leingaksingdugi poramsing (Govt. & their policies) da, laan amasung yawolsinggi hourakpham maruda, leibak amasung khunnaigi panggalsingna makhoi masengi marakta chat-thanariba thabak-thouwongsingda, amasung miwoibana touba ngamba amadi lousinggi mapung oiba lam khudingmakta nung hunjinna thijinba hourak-i. Aduga taibangpan-gi khongchatsi karina leptana chatthaduna leiribano haibasu tasengna khangba hourak-i.

Taibangpanda leiriba lenglipalliba thawai panba/ pandaba khudingmak thanggei sengna leiba potsak ngaktani, hairiba potsaksing asina miwoibagi wakhaldagi 50

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poklakkhiba sakwongsaktamsingdagi hannana leiramlabani haiba wakhal khanbagi paring asida yumpham oiduna Historical Materialism haibasi German gi wanguba (philosopher) amasung yawolloi (Revolutionary) Karl Marx na tangkhai challakpa 19 suba chahichagi khara mamang chakhatna puthorakkhi.

Puwari haiba hiramsida neinarol (Scientific) gi oiba mityeng thamduna neinabasi mahakna (Marx) puthorakkhiba ‘Historical Materialism’ haibasina malemda ihan hanbani, matung tarakpa m a t a m s i n g d a s u masikhaktana tomthin oina leihouragani.

Historical Materialism puthorakkhibasina miwoibana wakhal khanbagi paring mapung marei pharakkhibada achouba ahongba ama purakkhrabasu, masi eikhoigi mahei-

loisangsingdadi tangai phadana khangdaba yadaba hiram ama oina takpitambidri. Aduna Puwari haibasi ningthousing natraga lanjing-purelsingumba matikmangam leiba achouba miwoisingna sembani haiba wakhalsiga loinana puwarigi wahanthok piduna miyamna hanjin-hanjin tamduna lak-i.

Masigi maram thibada yamna luna thokloi. Masigi maramdi eikhoigi Education system asidi leibak ngakliba, senjaotanba kanglupki aningbaapamba khaktamak phangnanabagi pandamda semgat-sagatlakkhibani.

Senjao-tanbasing asina tougadouribasi atei amatta natte, Capitalism bu yeikhaithinggaihandana lisang sitna ngak-senduna adummak thambani. Capitalism haibasi aroi-akham naidana asum leigadaba natte, masidi Socialism na yamna thuna mahut sindokkhragadabani, matik-mangam leiba aphaoba miwoisingna puwari haibasi 51

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semba natte, puwari haibasidi micham-miyamna sembani, miwoiba khunnaina mapung marei pharakpa haibasi taibang mapugi aningba apambana oihallakkhiba natte, masidi akaknaba misak amagi mari-makhongga amuk samnaruba toudana, masa-manunggi kanglonna chatthariba thabaksingni haina taseng-tasengna utthokpa Historical Science kumba Textbook singdi maheitamphamsingda tamhange haibada leingakpasingna ayaba piroi.

uraba amadi masada asumna samin phanglaba miwoisingda Historical Materialism gi mamaldi masini: madudi, ngasigi taibangpansibu makhoida khanghanba ngamba khakta nattana, taibangpan asibu honghannabagi puwarigi oiba thabakta, anouba taibangpan ama sembada, mina mibu natraga leibak amana leibak amabu tuhat-neihatpadagi ning-tamhanbada masina makhoibu lamjing-i.

Hingbada tangaiphadana changba potsaksing Marx na naha oiringei puthokpana khwaidagi maru matamda ikhi: ‘The oibani: philosophers have only interpreted the world in ‘Mankind must first of all various ways; the point, eat, drink, have shelter and however, is to change it.’ (1) clothing before it can pursue [ ‘ W a n g u b a s i n g n a politics, science, art, religion taibangpansibu taret-tara etc.’

(2) [‘Miwoiba thokna wahanthok pumnamakna Leisemlon khaktamak pirak-i, adubu (Politics), Neinarol (Science), maru oiribadi, masibu Khut-sa heibagi masil (Art), honghanbani’.] Su-nomlaga Laininglon (Religion) hingliba miyam amasung asinachingbagi lamda Capitalism bu pullap oina pukning thingjindringeida 52

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hingnanaba hannana chadathaktaba yade, setnainnanaba phi-rol amasung leinanaba yum sadaba yade’] haina asumna khanba wakhal asida Historical Materialism haibasigi yumpham oi.

Mathakki asumna khanba wakhal asi icham chamba mallabasu, masida puwari haibasi potthok puthokpada yumpham oi, masi kanagumba matik-mangam leiba miwoi ama anina semba natte amasung masidi micham miyamna, haibadi, adugumba hingbada changba potsaksing adubu sunomduna puthokliba sinmi miyamna sembani haiba wahanthok asi yaori. Miwoiba khunnaina potthok puthokpada yumpham oiduna thaak naina chaokhatlak-i.

Eikhoi miwoibana ngasigi thaak asi younanaba hotnarakpada awaba, khudongthiba kayana pik thallaba puwarigi torei-tuthek kaya, kaya lallakkhrabani.

Materialist singna Taibangpanda leiriba potsak khudingmak wakhalgi makha ponba natte haina lou-i amadi potsaksing asina wakhaldagi halli haibasi makhoigi phirepni.

Materialist wangubasinggi maiyokta onna-teinana wakhal khanba Idealist wangubasingna nakpak ama oina leptuna lei.

Idealist wangubasingna taibangpan asi sak-udaba mapu amana sembani, pumnamak mapu magi kummeini amadi magi aningba apamba matung inna taibangpan asi oiribani haina makhoina sandok-i. Chahicha kaya khutlingduna pallakliba, hairiba Idealist sing haibadi, lai-tin amadi laining-laisolda thajabasing asina miyamgi hourakpham mari-makhong paring naina achum-aran thijinba miwoisingbu amadi asumna thijin-humjinnabagi lingkhatpa Sanglup (Institution) singbu maning touna thabak touhallakkhide, amadi makhoina yeikhai thin53

LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

gaiba piduna awaphamda tahallak-i.

Khwai pumnamakna miwoiba khunnai hairaga taseng tasengna hekta khangnaraba –leibak amagidamak chetsinna lepminnariba apunba miyam (Nations) amasung atei mannaba miwoi phurupsing (Communities) asi ngasingasimaksu asum khutlingduna leiriba Church sing, khuchu-pathapsing (Laws), wayensang (Court) sing, lanmi (Army) sing asinachingba hairibasing asina mangjounana semsaduna thamlakkhrabani haina chummi-lalli amuk thirudana masibu chatnabi oina adum yaduna inbasi chaoyeng yengba khwai mayamgi mityengni.Karl Marx, Materialist wangulon sanglupki kanglupta yaoba wakhalloi (Thinker) amani.

Marx ki mamangda leiramba wangubasingdi Idealist ki wakhaldagi nanthokpa ngamkhide. Chaokhatlon

(Dialectics) haibasibu mapung-marei phahannaba changsillamba Georg Hegel na miwoibagi puwaribu chaokhatlon-gi (Dialectics) mityengdagi yengnanaba hotnaramlabasu, miwoiba khunnai haibasi tengbanba mapugi aningbagi makha ponna panbani amasung mahakki thourangsingna taibangpanbagi puwari asi semlibani haina mameithangda arranba waroisin amada mahakna lakkhi.

Marx ki mamangda leiramba heisinglaba materialist wakhalloi (Thinker) ayambana (18 suba chahichagi French materialist) ‘Puwari haibasi miwoibagi wakhalgi makha ponna sembani’ haiba mityengsikhaktamak yousinba ngamkhi.

Makhoina, mi amana mahakka sagonnaduna chatminnariba khunnaina mangonda itthil piba ngammi

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LANTHENGMINNASI EIKHOI

haiba asidi utlaga, akoibagi phibham asibudi miwoibagi wakhaldagi sembani hairammi.

“Karamna akaknaba phibham amada miwoibagi wakhal asi asukki matik maru oi haina t h a n g e i s e n g n a lourakkhibage?” “Karigi asigumba natraga adugumba wakhal natraga thoudok adu akaknaba matam aduda ikhang khanghoudana

thoklakkhribano?”

Wahangsing asigi paokhum mamangda thamkhiba mityeng asidagi sandokna pibadi oithoklaroi. Historical Materialism khaktana asigumba wahangsing asigi paokhum piba ngamgani.

Historical Materialism haibasidi Historical Materialism masa khaktana sandokna haiba ngamgadabani.

(Makha chat-tharakkhigadaba……..)

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PHOTO GI LAMAI

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PDCK GI DECLARATION TOUBA NUMITTA WESEA GI LUCHINGBASING PUNBA

PDCK GI CHAIRMAN NA PDCK THABAK TOUBA HOURANI HAINA LAOTHOKPA 57

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PDCK GI DECLARATION DAY THOURAM PANGTHOKPA

UBC DA WESEA GI YAWOLLOISING PUNNA PHOTO SESSION AMA PANGTHOKPA 58