CVCA 2nd Data Collection

Findings on Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (CVCA) in Thailand By using: Secondary Data Research method base on CARE’s framework on Community-Based Adaptation and CVCA guiding questions Including discussion with multi-levels key stakeholders in Thailand Chanyuth Tepa, Raks Thai Foundation: 12-08-2011

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

Finding issues are: 1. Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment at National Level in areas of 1.1 Resilient Livelihoods; 1.2 Disaster Risk Management; 1.3 Capacity Development and 1.4 Addressing Underlying Causes of Vulnerability (by CVCA guiding questions see attached) 2. Climate Change Adaptation initiatives up-to-date Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

CVCA guiding questions as tools for secondary data research and analysis

Source: CARE International – CVCA handbook

1.1 Resilient Livelihoods Is the government monitoring and analyzing current and future climate information related to livelihoods ?

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

1) Department of Meteorology, Ministry of Science, Technology and Communication is focal agency which has responsible on climate information management, monitor and assessment, climate product and services including climate information for adaptation and risk management for Thai people nation-wide including coastal communities. Climate information have been collected from field climate stations – nation wide including satellite images. (http://climate.tmd.go.th) 2) Climate products and climate related risks & hazards early warning messages have regularly disseminate to people by directly announcement and be climate & weather forecast news through various channels of mass media including daily newspapers, radio, television project and internet/websites.

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

3) The other government agencies such as Agriculture and Fishery, Irrigation Departments including the water resource information management centre for agricultures, MoAC also have locally and recorded the climate data for research and livelihood extension planning and implementation. These field government official have accessed climate information from the website, mass media including their own climate information. Then disseminate to coastal communities base on interacting livelihoods development activities together. This is one of local sources of climate information for coastal communities and 4) There are increase numbers of academic institutions which interest in environment, disaster and climate change. For example such Climate Change Knowledge Management (CCKM), Chulalongkorn University.

The CCKM has been done study to have long term climate projection and its impact in Thailand and share among multi-partners and try to promote a Climate Community Learning Center for develop locally climate information for development and adaptation planning etc.

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

Climate mapping

Satlelite images on storms

This is copy of 24 hours web-base information and monitoring on from daily report and 1-2 week projection on climate, tropical storms and rainfalls etc. Which can access from provincial level websites and link to website of Meteorological Department

Climate mapping

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

Research report on climate projection of Thailand for next 80 years by www.cckm.or.th and www.start.or.th

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

What are the observed and predicted impacts of climate change for the country?

Group I: Physical systems, infrastructure, settlements and tourism. These sectors are projected to be the most severely affected by climate change.

This group I focuses on coastal areas affected by rising sea level, costal erosion, and strong monsoon winds, urban areas affected by flooding and tourism destination dependent on nature and climate variables; Group II: Agriculture. It employing over 40 of the workforce, is important for long term food security and national socio-economic development; Group III: Health and Public Health. This sector affects human security and safety and Group IV: Energy, Energy Consumption and Industry. This system and sectors emitting the most GHG and contributing to global climate change.

This sector includes production, provision of services and consumption.

The priority issues are need to be analysed under socio-economic context including poverty eradication, more equitable income distribution, quality of life improvement and sustainable development.

Source from Kobkun Rayanakorn, Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region, 2011 CMU Mekong series, Public Policy Studies Institute, Chiang Mai University

What are the observed and predicted impacts of climate change for coastal areas?

• Increasing high sea level induce inundation and coastal erosion, it need to improve and relocate houses; • Increasing high sea temperature induce coral breaching and small scale fish & mollusk aqua-net raising; • Increasing extreme weather and related hazards i.e. storm surge, flash-flooding; • Seasonal variation/change i.e. heavy rainfall during hot-dry season plus flash flooding and • Exposure to other multi-hazards i.e. earth quake, Tsunami, pollutions etc.

Source from Kobkun Rayanakorn, Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region, 2011 CMU Mekong series, Public Policy Studies Institute, Chiang Mai University

Coastal erosion in Gulf of Thailand coastline

ปะการังฟอกขาว (Coral Bleaching)

Coastal erosion and inundation to coastal community in Krabi

Increase frequency and severely impact from climate related risk and natural hazards

What livelihood groups or economic sectors are most vulnerable to climate change?

These most vulnerable livelihood groups are including small scale fisher folks and famers, aqua-cultures and marine tourism along Andaman coastline compare to other commercial fisheries, food processing factories, para-rubber & palm oil plantation, fruits plantation.

There also have the most vulnerable social groups to impact of climate change including Sea Gypsies, Stateless people and Migrant workers in agriculture and fisheries.

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

1.2 Disaster Risk Management; What are the most important climate related hazards the country faces?

The facing climate related hazards are including 1) meteorological hazards such as storm surge, tropical storms, seasonal variation / change; drought 2) hydrological hazards such as flooding and inundation; and 3) biological hazards such as coral breaching, high acidity and pollutions Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

Is the government monitoring and analysing disaster risk information?

At the national level, the main national agencies have role and responsibility on monitoring and analysing disaster risk information.

These agencies are Meteorological Department and National Disaster Warning Center under Ministry of Science, Technology and Communication (MoSTC) Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

Is the government engaged in planning and implementation of disaster risk management? If so, which ministries and/or government agencies are actively involved?

At the national level, Thailand has established the National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee (NDPMC) with act on DPM support. DDMP under MoI is focal point to coordinate and implement the national policy and plan. The Provincial offices and Local Administration Organization (LAO) is legally mandate to plan and implementation on local and community base disaster prevention and mitigation nation wide in cooperation with communities and civil society.

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

Are functional early warning systems (EWS) in place at the national level?

The national EWS has set up in place among three main collaborating agencies of Meteorological Department, NDWC in MoSTC and DDPM of MoI.

Does the government have the capacity to respond to disasters?

Yes, the NDPMC, DDPM, LAO’s policy, plan and resources nation wide in collaborating of the National Emergency Health Institution under Ministry of Health

Which other institutions are engaged disaster risk management at national level?

These institutions are including designated military, civil society such as Thai Red Cross, other national NGOs, public relief volunteers, mass media network and general public supports.

1.3 Capacity Development What institutions are involved in research, planning and implementation of adaptation?

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

1.3.1 Policy and institutional arrangement on climate change up-to-date: participation to international communities • Thailand ratified the UNFCCC in 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2002; • the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) was assigned to spearhead Thailand’s climate change policy. ONEP is in Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE); • ONEP has being led to re-develop the National Master Plan on Climate Change with nation –wide all stakeholders’ consultation which is expect to finalise and endorse by the cabinet via National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) in November 2011; • NCCC has chair-person by Prime Minister and 1st Deputy by Minister of MoNRE and inter-ministerial committee members are from 19 ministries and related governmental offices sources from ONEP, MoNRE & Kobkun Rayanakorn, Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region, 2011

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

1.3.1 Policy and institutional arrangement on climate change up-to-date

1st National Master Plan on Climate Change 2010-2019 (under re-developing this year 2011)

Vision is to strengthen on awareness, preparedness and capacity in responses and adaptation to impact of climate change and participating with international communities in reduce or mitigate climate change S1: Strengthen adaptation capacities 1.1 Preparedness on vulnerability prone areas, R&D and conservation & development actions; 1.2 Surveillance on all communicable diseases and natural disasters; 1.3 Implementing pilot projects in targeted vulnerability areas and 1.4 Rehabilitation on forest and city ecosystems

S2: Reduce GHGs emission & increase sources for carbon sink

S3: Integrated management in area of climate change

2.1 Increase efficiently of fuel energy, electricity and transportation; 2.2 Promote low carbon society (green economy); 2.3 Increase efficiently of industrial sectors and 2.4 Agricultural and forest resources management for reducing GHGs

3.1 Knowledge management, database & tools development; 3.2 Preparedness on management and participation of multipartners and 3.3 Preparedness on Thailand standing points for negotiations in international communities

Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

1.3.1 Policy and institutional arrangement on climate change up-to-date

Institutional arrangement on climate change in 2011 Government

Civil Society

International Communities

NCCC - policy; CCCO - coordination Master Plan on CC National Plan #11 - MoNRE - MoAC - MoI - MoSTC - MoEnergy - MoIndustry - MoH - etc • Sub-national, Provincial, local

-Thailand Climate Justic network; -Organic Agri. Network; -Env. Mass Media network; -Climate Change KM centre (CCKM) -Global Warming campaigning projects -Thailand Research Fund (TRF) -newly five initiated climate adaptation projects including UNDP-INCA, IUCNBCR, CARE-BCRCC, SEI-DRR&CCA etc.

-UNFCCC -EC CCA cooperation -UNDP Thailand Prog.

-SEI Asia -IUCN Asia -SEA START RC -UN/ESCAP -World Bank -Developed Countries for bilateral cooperation on climate change mitigation & adaptation Etc.

• • • •

governmental agencies

1.4 Addressing Underlying Causes of Vulnerability Do those responsible for climate change policies and programme demonstrate understanding of the link between poverty and climate change vulnerability? a) There still have un-balance and lower level of governance on the socio-economic development plan of government. Most of rural and marginalize population still limit to access and their rights to existing development policies and resources; b) The national master plan on climate change, lead by ONEP, MoNRE will be platform to integrate an inter-ministerial policies and plan through NCCC and CCCO of inter-ministerial agencies; and c) Administration of climate change response requires better coordination and concert effort among all levels of government Building Coastal Resilience to reduce Climate Change impact in Thailand and Indonesia (BCRCC) project

2. Climate Change Adaptation initiatives up-to-date.

There have ongoing climate change adaptation initiatives in Thailand and link to ASEAN and Mekong Regions which is collectively effort of Thai government, civil society and international development agencies.

2. Climate Change Adaptation initiatives up-to-date.

For example: three climate change adaptation projects have being implemented for coastal communities including Increase National Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation for Coastal Communities (INCA) by TRCS and UNDP; Building Coastal Resilience to reduce impact of climate change (BCR) by SDF and IUCN and Building Coastal Community Resilience to reduce climate impact (BCRCC) by Raks Thai and CARE Deusthland and Luxemburg e.v etc.

Climate Change Adaptation Knowledge Management also has developed and expanded more learning networks, advocacy activities from areas, national and international such as Thailand Research Fund (TRF), Climate Change Knowledge Management CCKM, SEA START, Climate Change Adaptation Knowledge Platform for Asia (CCA-KP-A) by SEI-UNEP-AIT etc.

โครงการเสริมสร้างชุมชนชายฝั่งเข้มแข็งปร ับต ัวต่อการเปลีย ่ นแปลง ี –EC-BCRCC project ภูมอ ิ ากาศในประเทศไทยและอินโดยนีเชย

โครงการเสริมสร้างชุมชนชายฝั่งเข้มแข็งปร ับต ัวต่อการเปลีย ่ นแปลง ี –EC-BCRCC project ภูมอ ิ ากาศในประเทศไทยและอินโดยนีเชย