Final journal chun yan 634071 by Chun_Yan

Studio Air 2015,SEMESTER 2, Brad Chun Yan_634071

Table Of Content

ABOUT ME

A.1.1Design Futuring -Precedents 1

A.1.2 Design Futuring -Precedents 2

A.2 Design Computation

A.2.1 Design Computation-Precedent 1

A.2.2 Design Computation-Precedent 2

10 A.3 Composition/Generation 12

A.3.1 Composition/Generation-Precedent 1

A.3.2 Composition/Generation-Precedent 2

A.4 Conclusion

A.5 Learning Outcome

A.6.1 Appendix-Algorithmic Skeches

A.6.2 Appendix-Reference List

Introduction

i everyone. My name is Chun Yan. I came to Australia

from China two years ago to further my study in University of Melbourne. I started to learn Chinese traditional painting when I was 5 years old. At the beginning, I just drew what the teacher asked me to draw. Tracing and copying can improve my painting

solutions to the climate. Towers Al Bahar seek to provide

techniques and form basic ideas in my mind. In development,

a contextual and culturally sensitive design while utilizing

the teacher pushed me to do some creation after my drawing

modern technology to meet the highest standards of efficiency.

skills reach a mature level.

Similarly, my process of architecture study follows this approach

geometry of the movable panels on the facade and simulate

as well. Although I loved drawing since I was a little child, it was

its operation in response to sun exposure and the consequent

really accidental that I chose architecture as my major. Before

change of incidence angles during different days of the year.

entering the university, I used to consider design is a simple

Overall, I really expect the dramatic creation from the

process. It is mostly just drawing and imagination. However,

modelling program that I can learn in ADS: Air. In addition,

during 2 years’ study, I perceive that architecture is much more

parametric modeling is an absolutely new field for me. I hope I

than just drawing and imagination. Rationality, sustainability,

can have a good application in the future.

history and connections in both conceptual aspects and physical aspects are all essential. That’s what an architect should consider during the creation. Before attending ADS: air, I have done several studios such as Designing environments and water studio. The projects I did in the past two years played a lot with geometry. With the help from my tutors, I tried various different forms and ideas on my projects. However, I focused too much on the appearance of the building, and ignored the design brief, practicability and even sustainability. What I missed is precisely architecture’s essence. My favorite design is Al Bahar Towers located in Abu Dhabi. The facade system as shown in figure 1 defies the typical typology of skyscrapers in the area, suggesting a more agile and dynamic

Figure 1. The façade system of Al Bahar Towers.

A.1.1Design Futuring -Precedents 1 Beijing National Stadium Beijing, China Architect: Pierrede Mueron Xinggang Li Herzog Company Figure 2. Beijing National Stadium many public places. Distinctively, these seating has a higher view than other normal seating. This small

but effective design ensure that disabled people

requires that it should be sustainable. The stadium

Overall, many architectural experts believe that

adopted advanced and feasible environmental

‘bird’s nest’ will not only establish a distinct

protection technique and building materials

and historical remarkable building for 2008

to make maximum use of natural ventilation

Beijing Olympic games, but also has an initiating

and natural light. In addition, the rainwater

significance in the world’s architectural history.

collected system, the use of renewable geothermal

The Beijing National Stadium will provide

energy and the application of solar photovoltaic

historical testimony for the development of both

technology greatly save energy. The idea of its

Chinese and world architecture.

can have the equal version to normal audience.

he design outcome of Beijing national stadium

structure came from bird’s nest. Distinctively, it is a bird’s nest which is not completely sealed. This ingenious design was not only made to get a unique appearance, but also built to give the users a fluent air circulation and light. Humanistic Design The seating in the Beijing National Stadium were designed as a bowl shape. The layout of the seating is well-arranged to guarantee that each audience will have a distance of 140metres from their seat to the center of field. Furthermore, there are approximately 200 wheelchair seating for disabled people. Someone may propose it is very general in

Figure 3. Beijing National Stadium in Grasshopper

A.1.2 Design Futuring -Precedents 2 Lotus temple Delhi, India Architect: Fariborz Sahba

Figure 4. The Lotus Temple

eometry

The Lotus temple is famous for its architectural splendor. It is a continuation of this rich tradition. As the architect, Mr. Fariborz Sahba had travelled in India extensively to study the architecture of this land before undertaking the design of the temple. He was impressed by the design of the fantastic temples, as well as by the art and religious symbols wherein the lotus invariably played an important role. He was influenced by this experience, and in an attempt to bring out the concept of purity, simplicity and freshness of the Bahai Faith. Mr. Fariborz Sahba conceived the Temple in the form of a lotus. The temple gives the impression of a halfFigure 5. The Lotus Temple plan

open lotus flower, afloat, surrounded by its leaves. Each component of the temple is repeated nine times.

The beautiful concept of the lotus, as conceived by the architect, had to be converted into definable geometrical shapes such as spheres, cylinders, toroid and cones. These shapes were translated into equations, which were then used as a basis for structural analysis and engineering drawings. The resultant geometry was so complex that it took the designers over two and a half years to complete the detailed drawings of the temple. An attempt is made below to describe this complex geometry in simple terms. The idea of bionical and geometrical architecture did inspired the architectural industry not only in India but many other countries.

Figure 6. The Lotus Temple Elevation

A.2 Design Computation

hroughout the development of the human history and industry,

people keep developing machineries. Machineries reduce the consumption of human resource and bring us convenience. The invention of the computer has absolutely changed the way we work in different industry. In the following paragraphs, the tremendous possibility, unlimited potential and the profound impact that computational design brings will be discussed respectively. The digital design does brought architectural industry great changes. It is significant to distinguish computation and computerization. Peter has described ‘computation’ as the way that ‘allows designers to extend their abilities to deal with highly complex situations.’1 In addition, computation has produced much more essential possibilities and opportunities for the architectural industry. In the development of architecture history, there is always a kind of unique and particular building form that can represent the characteristics and trend of architecture in that period. For example, pyramid represents ancient Egypt while steel-and-glass skyscrapers obviously represent modern architecture. In 21st century, computation design is exactly a breakthrough in architecture development nowadays. To put it simply, computation is a new approach to design for the architects. The most important difference between computing and traditional architectural design method is that the project can be modified anytime and anywhere in a computational approach, while the traditional way is a bit inflexible and hard to make some changes. The modification is definitely an important step. For architects, a lot of elements need to be considered. Computation design provide more possibilities, potentials and options for architects because of its flexibility and modifiability. Furthermore, computing ‘defines a digital continuum from design to production, from form generation to fabrication design.’2 Computational design brings new solutions for a project from its original design to the completion. In addition, computation requires computer techniques as architects use computation software to design. Therefore, the new approach has arisen a group of specialized consultancy and promoted the 1.BRADY PETERS, ‘COMPUTATION WORKS: THE BUILDING OF ALGORITHMIC THOUGHT’, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83.2, (2013), 08-15. 2.RIVKA OXMAN, ROBERT OXMAN, THEORIES OF THE DIGITAL IN ARCHITECTURE, 1 EDN (LONDON: ROUTLEDGE, 2014), P. 1-10.

Figure 7. C development and cooperation between each industry.

Along with the development of computing technologies, mo

geometrical and curvy shapes, and this phenomenon has beco

accurate algorithms can be achieved throughout computati

have been more and more universal in architecture. Computa

by adjusting algorithms. The layout of geometrical element

reality. This is what the traditional design approach hard to r What’s more, the architects and builders can preview what

Computation Design been done follow the existing design plan throughout the computation architectural approach. It

ore and more buildings are designed in

helps them to create â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;responsive designs, allowing architects to explore new design options, allowing

ome an architecture trend. Furthermore,

architects to explore new design options and to analyze architectural decisions during the design

ion so that repetitive patterns elements

process.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

ation design can create complex pattern

ts looks random but well-organized in

Overall, computation design is a trend indeed as it has many advantages that manual work can't

reach.

achieve. In the future, a well combine of traditional architectural approach and computation design is the new goal.

the project would be like when it has

A.2.1 Design Computation -Precedent 1 ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION Stuttgart, Germany Architect:ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart

Figure 8. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION

Figure 9. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION Structural in Grasshopper

he Institute for Computational Design (ICD) and the Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) of the University of Stuttgart have constructed the research pavilion in a another bionic form. The project is part of a successful series of research pavilions which showcase the potential of novel design, simulation and fabrication processes in architecture. The project was planned and constructed within one and a half years by students and researchers within a multi-disciplinary team of biologists, paleontologists, architects and engineers. The focus of the project is a parallel bottom-up design strategy for the biomimetic investigation of natural fiber composite shells and the development of novel robotic fabrication methods for fiber reinforced polymer structures. The aim was the development of a winding technique for modular, double layered fiber composite

structures, which reduces the required formwork to a minimum while maintaining a large degree of geometric freedom. Computational tools are used widely among this project, the group used these tools simulated the project before it came to the fabrication stage. Therefore, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;both the robotic fabrication characteristics and the abstracted biomimetic principles could be simultaneously integrated into the design process.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; 1The fabrication is all done by the collaborating-axis industrial robots. Overall, the project highly relied on the computation technologies, multidisciplinary collaboration and industrial robots. With all this characteristics, this project made a perfect precedent for this studio. 1.JUSTIN MCGAR , COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN: BUILDINGS DESIGNED AND BUILT BY ROBOTS (2014) <HTTP://SOURCEABLE.NET/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].

A.2.2 Design Computation -Precedent 2 LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION

n this project, the rapid, efficient and surface-oriented digital fabrication is used as a modern equivalent of ancient stone carving, marrying the two major architectural parameters – surface and volume. Designed by the New York based Matter Design, the project was preceded by an extensive research dealing with the economically friendly sheet material, while maintaining a common thread of a dedi cation to volume. The idea of the design of this project has a strong connection with ancient architecture. The design was done by computational tools and the digital fabrication is used as ‘a modern equivalent of ancient stone carving’. This amazing combination ‘marrying the two major architectural parameters – surface and volume’. 1 The whole design is so dynamic from top to bottom. The geometry used in this project is irregular but regular. The different hexagons support the whole. Also the form of the project is against most of the buildings in the world the volume of the superstructure is larger than the foundation. Therefore, with the help of digital computation (and the support ahead), the idea becomes true.

1LIDIJA GROZDANIC, LA VOUTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION INVESTIGATES STEREOTOMIC DESIGN THROUGH DIGITAL FABRICATION (2012) <HTTP://WWW.EVOLO.US/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].

Figure 10. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION

Figure 11. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION

A.3 Composition/Generation

Figure 13. Generation Design

Figure 12. Composition Design

he shift from composition to generation started as the

popularization of digital computation technologies. In this part, computation technologies are normally operated throughout software such as grasshopper but not CAD. As I mentioned in the previous section, computation is different from computerization. AutoCAD is a typical software for computerization. It doesn’t generate any new idea based on the existing design. Computerization only makes existing plan but not develops them. Differently, software such as Grasshopper would get an item such as a point, a surface, a solid figure and sort of things as a result after setting the algorithm. Architects generate ideas by using these parametric design tools. And as the developing and maturing of the technology, real-time rendering enable the architects make new changes to their designs at any time. So, the design process is becoming totally different than ever before. Nonetheless, parametric modelling can’t absolutely replace the traditional architectural design approach. The models generated by computer are precise and regular. Inevitably, they are always monotonous and similar to each other. Possibly, this is the characteristic of parametric design. Nevertheless, sometimes this characteristic makes the parametric model can’t fit the context very well. Many of these designs could be placed into a complete different context and still ‘looks nice’ itself, but not actually interact with the environment. Thus, one possible solution is designing

through a more active collaborative work between architect and parametric modelling specialist. Normally, the architect designs the project according to the context. If the architect cooperates with the specialist, they can generate models based on both of the context and design brief. To sum up, tParametric design is significant to the architecture industry as it has redefined the traditional process of create a building and reformed the structure of the industry. Computation design is a trend indeed as it has many advantages that manual work can achieve. In the future, a well combine of traditional architectural approach and computation design is the new goal. The shift from composition to generation has a great influence on the architectural industry in both positive way and negative

A.3.1 Composition/Generation -Precedent 1 LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION

“ oom-Hyperbolic” is a site-specific architectural installation that was designed by foreign architects but inspired by local craftsmanship. Created using algorithmbased software programs like Grasshopper and Rhino, the geometric installation is made from structural frames that form 2 dimensional surfaces into 3 dimensional volumes. The frames are made from locally sourced hand-peeled pine poles. Cotton yarn is stretched over these structures to create a gigantic loom composed of thousands of lines. The aim of this project is to ‘attempting to assume fresh approach to digital fabrication’. This is also a project incorporate modern technologies with traditional techniques which is called ‘Moroccan weaving techniques’ to create the wavy form. The design team used Rhino and Grasshopper to generate this wavy shape on computer. The main structure of this installation is its irregular cellular grid which is inserted into the platform. The parameters of each element of this project is strictly controlled, indeed it seems abnormally but the actually construction ‘translated this irregularity from precise digital design into reality1

Figure 14. LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION

Figure 15. Loom HYPERBOLIC installation sketch

1.LIDIJA GROZDANIC, LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION / BARKOW LEIBINGER ARCHITECTS (2012) <HTTP://WWW. EVOLO.US/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].

A.3.2 Composition/Generation -Precedent 2 New Czech National Library

he Flux Installation explores the possibilities of parametric modeling and digital fabrication at California College of the Arts (CCA). Produced using CCA’s CNC router and advanced parametric modeling techniques, the structure undulates in plan and section producing a sense of expansion and contraction in the long nave space at CCA’s San Francisco campus. Through the use of parametric modeling and a series of custom designed scripts, the installation design can be quickly updated to address new design criteria. From the thickness of the ribs to the overall twisting form and perforated skins, the geometry is controlled through a complex set of relationships between its formal, performative, and fabrication constraints. Each component of the final design was rebuilt in grasshopper as a parametric model. This method allowed us to make real time adjustments to the form that would be automatically updated and ready for fabrication. Figure 16. New Czech National Library inside. This design is a reflection to the hightech parametric design. This exploration design was trying to being representative to the emerging technologies and how they have ‘transformed the ways in which we both conceive and configure space and material.1 This is one of the key point of parametric design and this project was trying to discover this. The team has explored the form, the function, the context of this project and the possibilities through parametric design. Therefore, this is one of the projects that worth study.

Figure 17. New Czech National Library outside.

Figure 18. New Czech National Library in grasshopper

1MATSYS DESIGN, FLUX: ARCHITECTURE IN A PARAMETRIC LANDSCAPE (2009) <HTTP://MATSYSDESIGN.COM/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].

A.4 Conclusion

arametric design is significant to the architecture industry as it has redefined the traditional process of create a building and reformed the structure of the in-dustry. Computation design is a trend indeed as it has many advantages that manual work can't achieve. In the future, a well combine of traditional architectural approach and computation design is the new goal. The shift from composition to generation has a great influence on the architectural industry in both positive way and negative way. The models can be generated by the specialists and the computers, however, the architects are

A.5 Learning Outcome

Figure 19. Parametric Design

n the past 2 years, I never used computational modelling software such as Grasshopper to design a project. I always made plan, section and models throughout Rhino, Sketch up, 3DS or computerization software such as AutoCAD. To put it simply, I used to design in traditional architectural approaches. Air studio introduces computation design and parametric design to me. I am really looking forward to making some design throughout grasshopper in Part B and Part C. I enjoy designing. For me, designing in traditional approaches and in computational approach are definitely two different experience. I admire those geometric architecture which was designed throughout parametric approach such as Metropol Parasol. They have strong visual impact and can bring new ideas to me. I have done Virtual Environment when I was in Year 1. We made an umbrella frame throughout Rhino at that time. I might create more triangle supports into the original frame to improve my old design.

A.6.1 Appendix-Algorithmic Skeches

Geometry. I try trying to make a form similar to water cube in Beijing.

Lofe and Curve.

A.6.2 Appendix-Reference List

Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83.2, (2013), 08-15. Justin McGar , Computational Design: Buildings Designed and Built By Robots (2014) <http://sourceable.net/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. LIDIJA GROZDANIC, La Voute de LeFevre Installation Investigates Stereotomic Design through Digital Fabrication (2012) <http://www.evolo.us/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. LIDIJA GROZDANIC, Loom Hyperbolic Installation / Barkow Leibinger Architects (2012) <http://www.evolo.us/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. MATSYS DESIGN, FLUX: ARCHITECTURE IN A PARAMETRIC LANDSCAPE (2009) <http://matsysdesign.com/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. Rivka Oxman, Robert Oxman, Theories of the Digital in Architecture, 1 edn (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 1-10.

Figure 1. The faรงade system of Al Bahar Towers, Aedas Architects https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=Al+Bahr+Towers+grasshopper&imgrc=Y b3rKdV-pkv4oM%3A&cad=h#imgrc=GT8FMMnai8lfHM%3A Figure 2. Beijing National Stadium, Pierrede Mueron https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=beijing+national+stadium+&imgrc=8ecL uXFoYG7qWM%3A&cad=h Figure 3. Beijing National Stadium in Grasshopper, Pierrede Mueron https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LOOM+HYPERBOLIC+INSTALLATION&biw=192 0&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCPGZ09Wcp 8cCFaYZpgodsaICTQ#imgrc=aUvcsKyWGgcCaM%3A Figure 4. The Lotus Temple, Fariborz Sahba https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Al+Bahr+Towers&biw=655&bih=551&tbm=isch&tb o=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCJ7NzqnDpccCFQbHpgodf4sNbg&dpr =1#tbm=isch&q=lotus+temple+geometry&imgrc=BHJByiZ6CNFqEM%3A Figure 5. The Lotus Temple plan, Fariborz Sahba https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Al+Bahr+Towers&biw=655&bih=551&tbm=isch&tb o=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCJ7NzqnDpccCFQbHpgodf4sNbg&dpr =1#tbm=isch&q=lotus+temple+plan&imgrc=rBCa6xPwtXCReM%3A Figure 6. The Lotus Temple Elevation, Fariborz Sahba https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Al+Bahr+Towers&biw=655&bih=551&tbm=isch&tb o=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCJ7NzqnDpccCFQbHpgodf4sNbg&dpr =1#tbm=isch&q=lotus+temple+drawing&imgrc=YeRsLNAJO-3nLM%3A Figure 7. Computation Design https://www.google.com.au/search?q=design+computation&tbs=isz:lt,islt:4mp&tbm=isch& imgrc=YTocLE-uuYaKPM%3A&cad=h Figure 8. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=ICD%2FITKE+RESEARCH+PAVILION &imgrc=_WHWWR2z7lfZ3M%3A&cad=h Figure 9. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION Structural in Grasshopper https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=ICD%2FITKE+RESEARCH+PAVILION &imgrc=sWsyzL57MC0M8M%3A&cad=h

Figure 10. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION, Matter Design https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LA+VO%C3%9BTE+DE+LEFEVRE+INSTALLATI ON&biw=1920&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CCgQsARqFQoT CK2mw6yWp8cCFSbYpgoduyUJUQ#imgrc=UPkBGn1YV_d6TM%3A Figure 11. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION, Matter Design http://www.evolo.us/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/La-Vo%C3%BBte-de-LeFevreInstallation-6.jpg Figure 12. Composition Design https://www.google.com.au/search?biw=1920&bih=955&tbs=isz%3Al&t bm=isch&sa=1&q=algorithmic+design&oq=algorithmic+design&gs_l=i mg.3...36241.40132.0.40541.19.13.0.0.0.1.853.1619.6-2.2.0....0...1c.1j4.64.img..18.1.765. MIvgwb18y1U#imgrc=fAmPrg88l_dqbM%3A Figure 13. Generation Design https://www.google.com.au/search?biw=1920&bih=955&tbs=isz%3Al&t bm=isch&sa=1&q=algorithmic+design&oq=algorithmic+design&gs_l=i mg.3...36241.40132.0.40541.19.13.0.0.0.1.853.1619.6-2.2.0....0...1c.1j4.64.img..18.1.765.MIvg wb18y1U#imgrc=j3Cm6YCYyXhheM%3A Figure 14. LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION, Barkow Leibinger https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LOOM+HYPERBOLIC+INSTALLATION&biw=192 0&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCPGZ09Wcp 8cCFaYZpgodsaICTQ#imgrc=oBQ1iLX3afNImM%3A Figure 15. LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION Sketch https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LOOM+HYPERBOLIC+INSTALLATION&biw=192 0&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCPGZ09Wcp 8cCFaYZpgodsaICTQ#imgrc=aUvcsKyWGgcCaM%3A Figure 16. New Czech National Library inside, New Czech National Library Figure 17. New Czech National Library outside, New Czech National Library http://www.otaplus.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Flux_14.jpg Figure 18. New Czech National Library in grasshopper

Studio Air

Part B: Criteria Design Chun Yan_634071

Figure 1: Parametric structure design project.

struct space etc. It's purp opinion, structure

I chose structure a even tesselation a

I am planning to b regular, rigid and

B.1 Rearch Field

ture is loosely defined as a physical object, or a system therof, that enables people crossing voids, lift goods, define pose of function is to supply the strength, stiffness, and ragidity to fullfill the aforementionaed functions. In my e is a general term. Everthing is built based on a structure form, and every existent form could be a kind of structure.

as my design brief because I think it has the most opportunities and potentials. Geometry, section biomimicry and are formed based on their unique structure.

buiild a changeable and flexible project based on the idea of structure. Normally, structure gives people a sense of expressive, which are mostly demonstrated as lattice, waffle and column grids.

Case Study 1-1

The canopy is constructed of vertical laminated wood plates following

a 1.5 by 1.5 cutting pattern. The assembled plates thus form a grid structure, a grillage. For safety reasons the restaurant is situated on a composite steel platform. The wood plates have been sprayed with a polyurethane coating and painted in an ivory white shade which visually brings the individual pieces together. It also results in the peculiar effect that the structure appears simultaneously as a built in-scale construction as well as an over-size model. This ambiguity between form, image, and structure is further emphasized by the fact that the construction has not been covered but is laid bare; this accentuates the contrast between the repetitious pattern of the grid and the winding shape of the canopy. The structure forms a new gathering point in Seville: A place for interaction, in which ancient is connected with present, earth with sky. The grid structure, extensively used by the Romans for urban layouts, is here transformed and contrasted by the curving shapes of the canopy. Further movement is suggested between points, lines, and surfaces: From the nodes formed by the 'trunks' to the meandering outline of the canopy to the imaginary surfaces created by the grillage. A play between what is revealed and what is not, between virtual and actual.

Case Study 1-2 National statium Beijing Bird Nest enormous saddle-shaped elliptic steel structure

he Stadium is a massive and an incredibly complicated structure. The structural design was introduced by the Herzog & De Meuron, whom from very initial stages have been working with structural engineers from Ove Arup & Partners and developing 3D models. Because the proposed structure was so complicated, in order to sell the idea even the smaller detail had to be thought of and modeled in the very early stages of the project. The detail above shows one f numerous connections involved in the structure. Due to such significant loads on the structure members as well as their connections had to be designed carefully. the welding process alone sometimes took 17 hours per connection with several welders switching places to avoid exhaustion. Developing structural calculations for this building would be incredibly rewarding and fun, but it would also be very challenging. even though computer software can be used, some hand calculations should be done to verify the results. below is a partial structural plan of roof framing for the stadium indicating the grid used to determine the geometry of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nestâ&#x20AC;?.

Figure 2: The structure of the

e bird nest stadium.

n Case Study 1.0, I use transformations is just a sim structure pattern firstly in 2 Sometimes, the structure is need different force analysi create structure pattherns i a successful structure becau some of them are created b wood chip and metal sheet

B.2 Case Study 1.0

ed lunchbox to generate the transformation matrix throughout lunchbox plugin. The original shape of these 30 mple square. The main purposes that I planned to achieve and test during the process is I want to create different 2D perspectives which can bring me a inspiration of the material that can be used to create a structure form. s built based on the material. For example, bricks and reinforcing steel generate differet type of structure which is. Another purpose is that i want to test the availability of different structure form. During the process that i tried to i see some structure frame look stable and are valuable to do a further development. However, some of them are not use they even didn't have connections with each other. In these 30 structural frames and patterns transformations, by line, some of them are created by slides and some of them are created by surfaces. I imagine these as steel columns, t. Some of them looks feasiible but some are not. I chose some of them to make a prototype to test its availability.

hese series are generated throughout lunchbox and then use offset or pipes to make the structure patterns 3D dimentional. Some layout which is shown in these structure is used extensively in the normal construction such as brick wall, the layout of tiles and the roof structure.

hese are the structure frames I created. Some of these structure idea or form are used in the existent architecture. For example, the structural pattern on the above is normally used as a honeycomb briquet type roof structure which are built in a theatre or a music hall to reduce noise and echo. I tried to create as many structural pattern as i can, then choose appropriate material for them to build a real structure form that can be used in a part of a project.

B.3 Case Study 2.0 National statium Beijing Bird Nest enormous saddle-shaped elliptic steel structure

Load Resistance The Beijing National Stadium is designed to resist both typical building loads and earthquake loads. Horizontal Loads The structure must resist a total of 56,625 tons of vertical load. The Steel structure itself must resist its own load of 42,000 tons and 11,625 tons of live load, totaling in 53,625 tons. The Plinth type of the foundation is essential to carry such a load, which is fairily evenly distributed. Each member of the steel â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nestâ&#x20AC;? is designed carefully to carry its own weight of 42, 000 tons loads. The overall shape appears to be random, but in reality it follows strict geometric rules.

Figure 3; The loads at each intersection of Beijing National Statium.

The loads at each intersection are split between the members and transferred downward as indicated above. The red points indicate the transfer connections were load impact is felt most significantly. The below image identifies the primary and secondary members. the secondary members had to be welded on two sides of primary members. The steel envelope is constructed of 22.5 miles of steel and it took about 700 welders to complete the task.

he core portion of the building carries the dead load of the concrete structure as well as the live load of people totaling to 13,122 tons. The load is transferred directly to the plinth foundation as distributed load as shown on the left.

Figure 4; How vertical loads work at Beijing National Statium.

Lateral Loads The massive steel structure resists lateral loads in a similar manner as the horizontal ones. In addition, instead of the loads hitting the structure and following it downwards and upwards it is broken down through the lattice of steel while being weakened and providing natural ventilation in the building.

Earthquake Loads The Beijing National Stadium was designed with earthquake loads in mind, because Beijing is prone to seismic events. The outer steel structure is completely separate from the inner stadium seating area and is placed 50 feet apart. this placement allows the two structures move independently in case of an earthquake. Steel has a rather high modulus of elasticity as compared to the concrete, therefore the entire outer structure could be put together as a unit and withstand earthquakes. The core of the stadium was constructed out of the pre-cast reinforced concrete. Because concrete has significantly lower modulus of elasticity, it was decided into eight individual sections. this division allows each portion of structure to move independently of the other in case of seismic motion causing minimal amount of damage. Beijing Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Nest is designed to withstand earthquakes rated at 8.0 on Richter Scale

n Case Study 2.0, I gen out as a 3D model, so that i The different achivement an transformation. The load b different force direction in of them to make them out t

B.4 Technique development

nerated the basic surface of the bird nest stadium. I want to create different structure pattern and frame and made it it will be easier to analyze the load, the connection and the support and resistant force in each structural form. nd test between case study 1 and 2 is that case study 1 is a 2D perspective structure while case study 2 is a 3D model bearing is essential to be considered. So in the 50 transformations in case study 2, I expected analyze and test the different structure form. After create these 3D perspective transformations, I planned to choose some typical model throughout appropriate material.

Steps

Start by defining a central points in GH. Then generate the

here are many types of struc 1)Rock and Stone 2) Wood Frame 3) Steel Truss and Frame 4) Precast Concrete 5) Reinforced Concrete 6) Prestressed Concrete The type of system used depends on building materials all dictate the pro building up as undeveloped land ha Also, there are many types of structu Structural System Elements a) Beam and Column b) Frame c) Truss d) Arch e) Wall and Plate f) Cylindrical Shell and Vault g) Spherical Shell and Dome h) Cable and Rod i)Membrane Tent and Net

In my opinion, it is impossible to sh developed only by analysis of the loa type frame or patthern which are de inspirations to build a structure form from my transformation with sectio landscape test throughtout our proto

cture that are used in architecture.

n the building's needs. The height of the building, its load bearing capacity, the soil specifications and the oper structural system needed for a building. In particular, structural systems have evolved to focus on as become scarce. ural elements as well

how or understand a structure just throughout the trasnformation matrix. Structure is completed and ad bearing and test. Therefore, what I was trying to do in this part, is to create as changeable as structural emonstrated in lines, pipes, surfaces, and even just connections. Then , these transformations brought me m in different materials, which was decided by how the structural frame looks like. I combined some ideas oning, which is my group member jingjing's design criteria. At the end of Part B, we did some structure and otypes.

SITE ANALYSIS

We chose a flat space near the merri creek primary school as our site location. This area has extravagant vegetation. We planned to create a project which can collect fallen leaves and plants. These space has a lot of withering plants which need to be cleanning. Our design purpose is to make a good use of these withering plants and reduce the pressure of cleanning.

Site Location:Merri Creek Primary School

Design Inspiration

Our original inspiration comes from the shape of the leaf. The leaf appears the most in the site. Also, leaf is a part of our design brief. We were thinking about combine this shape with our design criteria, structure and section. Design opportunity: During the site visit we discovered that the primary school student, especially children in the early age want to get in touch with the plants along the river. However their behaviour may destory the nature and the education from school are not allow them to do that. Therefore, our design will give the opptunity to get in touch with the nature. The purpose of the design to allow chirldren to get in touch with the nature and also provide a place for the climbers (plants) growing

Prototype 1:String connection

This prototype was inspired by the cable bridge. The main forces in a cable-stayed bridge of any type are tension in the cables and compression in the pillars. Since almost all the force on the pillars is vertically downwards and they are also stabilized by the main cables, the pillars can be made quite slender, as on the Severn Bridge, on the Wales-England border. The purpose and achievement of this prototype is to test how tension structure , string connection and steel material work together.

Prototype 2:Waffle connection

This prototype was in panels rise from con canopies and walkwa

nspired by the strucuture of Metropol Parasol. Metropolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interweaving waffle-like wooden ncrete base reinforced with steel, which are positioned in such a way to architecturally form ays below the parasols.

Prototype 3: Brick Structure

The ancient builders no doubt g compression without having to be before the true arch came into exist

ave a great deal of thought to how they could utilize the great strength of stone and brick in limited by its very small strength in tension. The arch is a satisfactory solution to this prob足lem, but tence it was probably preceded by preliminary intuitive attempts as depicted in Fig. 4.2

Prototype 4

This prototype came from the combination of the idea

load and appearence of the design. In this stage, we tried structure design.

a of sectioning and structure. It tested the verticle d a different structure of vertical 'overlap-type

Part C

-DETAILED DESIGN

Part C

-DETAILED DESIGN

-C.1 Design Concept

C.1 Design Concept Response to feedbacks -Directions -Site Specified & Functions. our original function was to provide more opportunities for the childrean from merri creek primary schoolto get in touch with the nature and also provide a place for the climbers (plants) to grow. Instead of providing a space for climbers, the current main part is designing a recreational place for the children especially students under year three.

-Structure The structure of the project is extended from our most sucessful prototype in Part B which is tension. The shape and the boundary of the project is designed based on the location and the height of the trees on site.

-Purpose & Significance The previous purpose of the design is to provide a place for the children to touch and feel the plants on the side of the merri creek. According to the feedback, the purpose was developed to attract the children to the riverside and provide a recreational place for them to have a better experience while enjoying the environments. Trees on the two sides of the merri Creek didn't only decide the boundary of the design, but also play a role of 'tree canopy', which provide natural shaow for users.

Response to feedbacks -Method & Changes -Site Specified & Functions The site location didn't change, because the audience are still primary school students. The usage for the audience was changed from the 'get in touch with plants' to 'enjoy the environments with the family.

-Structure We tried many structures in Part B and spent the most time to do the 'waffle' prototype, which we think is the most sucessful one. Along with the change of the function, the main structure of our design was changed from 'waffle' to tension.

-Purpose & Significance The original purpose and the significance of our design is to lead the children to know more and experience more about the nature and the environments. According to the feedback, that was developed to create a open space for the children and their family to go to enjoy the nature after school.

C.1 Design Concept

Previous Design Proposal Lcation -A flat space near the merri creek primary school was chosen as our site location as there are extravagant vegetation there, which associate with the function and the purpose of the design project. Method -The previous design Focused too much on how to let the climbers (plants) attach to the design. In other words, waffle, geometry, grid and sort of elements much be used in the design to achieve the original function. Design Potential -We planned to create a project which can collect fallen leaves and plants. The previous design purpose is to make a good use of these withering plants and reduce the pressure of cleanning

Final Design Proposal To bring a sense of viability back to the site in contrast to the surrounding built form

To engage the users with the natural landscape,particularly the Merri Creek by enabling physical interaction with the site

To become a iconic landscape along Merri Creek and accommodate social activities to promote visbility and sense of community in this area

C.1 Design Concept

A bridge-style recreational open place for stude Creek primary school and their family to enjoy environments by the merri creek. The users hav way walk and the trees on the two sids of the me provided a natural tree canopy for users on the

ents from Merri the natural ve to make a oneerri creek have project.

C.1 Design Concept

The two sides of the Merri Creek are along with two rows of trees respectively. On the site of our design, the diameter of the biggest one is approximately 1 meter, and the diameter of the finest one is about 0.5 meter. All of them have flourishing branches and trunk, which is suitable to be a canopy and provide the shadow.

The access from the eastern corner of the playground to the riverside Merri Creek Primary school is 70.99m away from the project. And students are able to access down to the riverside from the pathway on the eastern corner of the playground.

C.1 Design Concept

diameter:100cm

diameter:60cm

diameter:40cm diameter:50cm

diameter:60cm

The pink part is the location of our design. The boundary of the project skirt the existing trees on both sides of the yarra river and form to the final shape. Also, The trees closely around the project provide a natural canopy for users. The project will aross the river and pathway on the both side of the river.It could ensure the chirldren directly get into the jungle from oneside to the otherside such us a tree bridge.

diameter:70cm

C.1 Design Concept

set two curve along the river

divide Length of the curve

Link the points on the curve in both side

Create attractor points to control the shape of the edge

Create the bas surface

sement

move up points in the oneside

link the brep to divide the edge of the suface

Create the angle of each segement of curve

Link the points on the curve in both side

Interpolate the segment of lines to create the smooth lines

link the points in the oneside of the basement to the points which had been moved up

Create the line in verticaly as the supporting element.

C.1 Design Concept

Part C

-DETAILED DESIGN

-C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes

C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes-Prototype-1

Firstly, we made a series of prototypes to test and feel the material and how ten balance. We found it is difficult to only use tension to make the project stable. the joint of a tension structure wouldn't be fix joint, which means we need at le the design.

nsion works to make the project keep Tension is a kind of fluid force. Always, east one another joints to suport and fix

C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes-Prototype-2

After testing the protype 1, we started to think about to combine the tension an so that the surfaces made of hard material can be relatively more easily to fix. not very ideal. The prototypes we made lack of the flexibility, which has violate Also, according to the purpose of our design, serveral flat and hard surfaces wa children as it maybe too abrupt, or the clearance may be too big to load people bypass the existing trees, which means some curves in basic shapes are necessa flexible surface would be more suitable to be combined with tension structure.

nd the surface with high hardness However, the consequence was ed our original idea from Part B. as not suitable to form a place for e. In addition, our design need to ary. For that reason, we think a .

C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes-Prototype-3

After deciding our model direction and components, we made this prototype. We found that it is possible to only use cable to support the design, when the material of the surface have enough elasticity and toughness. however, one side of the surface must be fixed. the shape of the design can be changed by cables in tension structure.

C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes-Prototype-4

This protope w bending wood its 8mm thick thinkcness an a laminated fle we finished it. plywood for th

was done after we have finished our final model. Actually this materiald, were originally chosen as the material for our final model. However, due to kness, the fablab can't do it in laser cut, so we completely did it by hand. The nd the flexibility of the material is perfect for our design. The advantage is, as exible timber wood, it seems too soft. the whole project kept shaking while . Finally, we still decide to use the perspex as the material for the strips, and he columns.

Connections

C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes-Joints

C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes-Joints Connections

C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes-Joints -Materiality

Before starting doing the final model, we made a material test for the material provided by the fablab. Plywood is hard and lack of flexibility, ductility. It had a crack while one side of the plywood stips wa about 25cm away from its staring point. Perspex has better flexibility and ductility, because it was broken while it the one side is 42 cm from its starting point.

C.2 Technical Elements & Prototypes Process of the model making

C.3 Final Detail Model

C.3 Final Detail Model-User Experience

C.4 Learning Objectives and Outcomes First of all, I want to say Air Studio is the most difficult, but the most useful subject since Year 1 in the university of Melbourne. In this studio, parametric design and difital modelling are two main parts during the semester. To make a design throughout the parametric designing tools are totally different from the traditional design method that I have learnt in the past two years. At the beginning of the subject, I have no idea about how can I make a model by grasshopper. I can't understand how can i make out those shapes and geometries into digital model without drawing them out. It has been a completelu new experience to design an architecture with such tools. Obviously, parametric design has many advantages, especially for engineers. For example, any elements you made in grasshopper can be used in many models. The part can be recalled in the future as parametric design can be archived. Instead of remodeling, recalling save more resources. Through the studying of this semester in Air studio, my understanding of architecture have been strengthend. Parametric design method has became a trend. However, it has limtations as well. Hand-on approach on model-making allows architects and engineers to find the problem of their design in the early period, while parametric design can't. Undoubtedly, Parametric design tools provide more opportunities for architects in architecture, but we should never forget the purpose and the essence of architecture.

C.5 Reference Emma Rudeck, The Pros and Cons of Parametric Modeling (2013) <http://www.concurrent-engineering.co.uk/Blog/bid/97311/The-Prosand-Cons-of-Parametric-Modeling> [accessed 4 November 2015].