Studio Air 2015,SEMESTER 2, Brad Chun Yan_634071
Table Of Content
3
ABOUT ME
4
A.1.1Design Futuring -Precedents 1
6
A.1.2 Design Futuring -Precedents 2
6
A.2 Design Computation
8
A.2.1 Design Computation-Precedent 1
9
A.2.2 Design Computation-Precedent 2
10 A.3 Composition/Generation 12
A.3.1 Composition/Generation-Precedent 1
13
A.3.2 Composition/Generation-Precedent 2
14
A.4 Conclusion
16
A.5 Learning Outcome
18
A.6.1 Appendix-Algorithmic Skeches
20
A.6.2 Appendix-Reference List
Introduction
H
i everyone. My name is Chun Yan. I came to Australia
from China two years ago to further my study in University of Melbourne. I started to learn Chinese traditional painting when I was 5 years old. At the beginning, I just drew what the teacher asked me to draw. Tracing and copying can improve my painting
solutions to the climate. Towers Al Bahar seek to provide
techniques and form basic ideas in my mind. In development,
a contextual and culturally sensitive design while utilizing
the teacher pushed me to do some creation after my drawing
modern technology to meet the highest standards of efficiency.
skills reach a mature level.
Powered by computational design team, the work of architects and engineers was to find a parametric description for the
Similarly, my process of architecture study follows this approach
geometry of the movable panels on the facade and simulate
as well. Although I loved drawing since I was a little child, it was
its operation in response to sun exposure and the consequent
really accidental that I chose architecture as my major. Before
change of incidence angles during different days of the year.
entering the university, I used to consider design is a simple
Overall, I really expect the dramatic creation from the
process. It is mostly just drawing and imagination. However,
modelling program that I can learn in ADS: Air. In addition,
during 2 years’ study, I perceive that architecture is much more
parametric modeling is an absolutely new field for me. I hope I
than just drawing and imagination. Rationality, sustainability,
can have a good application in the future.
history and connections in both conceptual aspects and physical aspects are all essential. That’s what an architect should consider during the creation. Before attending ADS: air, I have done several studios such as Designing environments and water studio. The projects I did in the past two years played a lot with geometry. With the help from my tutors, I tried various different forms and ideas on my projects. However, I focused too much on the appearance of the building, and ignored the design brief, practicability and even sustainability. What I missed is precisely architecture’s essence. My favorite design is Al Bahar Towers located in Abu Dhabi. The facade system as shown in figure 1 defies the typical typology of skyscrapers in the area, suggesting a more agile and dynamic
Figure 1. The façade system of Al Bahar Towers.
A.1.1Design Futuring -Precedents 1 Beijing National Stadium Beijing, China Architect: Pierrede Mueron Xinggang Li Herzog Company Figure 2. Beijing National Stadium many public places. Distinctively, these seating has a higher view than other normal seating. This small
T
but effective design ensure that disabled people
requires that it should be sustainable. The stadium
Overall, many architectural experts believe that
adopted advanced and feasible environmental
‘bird’s nest’ will not only establish a distinct
protection technique and building materials
and historical remarkable building for 2008
to make maximum use of natural ventilation
Beijing Olympic games, but also has an initiating
and natural light. In addition, the rainwater
significance in the world’s architectural history.
collected system, the use of renewable geothermal
The Beijing National Stadium will provide
energy and the application of solar photovoltaic
historical testimony for the development of both
technology greatly save energy. The idea of its
Chinese and world architecture.
can have the equal version to normal audience.
he design outcome of Beijing national stadium
structure came from bird’s nest. Distinctively, it is a bird’s nest which is not completely sealed. This ingenious design was not only made to get a unique appearance, but also built to give the users a fluent air circulation and light. Humanistic Design The seating in the Beijing National Stadium were designed as a bowl shape. The layout of the seating is well-arranged to guarantee that each audience will have a distance of 140metres from their seat to the center of field. Furthermore, there are approximately 200 wheelchair seating for disabled people. Someone may propose it is very general in
Figure 3. Beijing National Stadium in Grasshopper
A.1.2 Design Futuring -Precedents 2 Lotus temple Delhi, India Architect: Fariborz Sahba
G
Figure 4. The Lotus Temple
eometry
The Lotus temple is famous for its architectural splendor. It is a continuation of this rich tradition. As the architect, Mr. Fariborz Sahba had travelled in India extensively to study the architecture of this land before undertaking the design of the temple. He was impressed by the design of the fantastic temples, as well as by the art and religious symbols wherein the lotus invariably played an important role. He was influenced by this experience, and in an attempt to bring out the concept of purity, simplicity and freshness of the Bahai Faith. Mr. Fariborz Sahba conceived the Temple in the form of a lotus. The temple gives the impression of a halfFigure 5. The Lotus Temple plan
open lotus flower, afloat, surrounded by its leaves. Each component of the temple is repeated nine times.
The beautiful concept of the lotus, as conceived by the architect, had to be converted into definable geometrical shapes such as spheres, cylinders, toroid and cones. These shapes were translated into equations, which were then used as a basis for structural analysis and engineering drawings. The resultant geometry was so complex that it took the designers over two and a half years to complete the detailed drawings of the temple. An attempt is made below to describe this complex geometry in simple terms. The idea of bionical and geometrical architecture did inspired the architectural industry not only in India but many other countries.
Figure 6. The Lotus Temple Elevation
A.2 Design Computation
T
hroughout the development of the human history and industry,
people keep developing machineries. Machineries reduce the consumption of human resource and bring us convenience. The invention of the computer has absolutely changed the way we work in different industry. In the following paragraphs, the tremendous possibility, unlimited potential and the profound impact that computational design brings will be discussed respectively. The digital design does brought architectural industry great changes. It is significant to distinguish computation and computerization. Peter has described ‘computation’ as the way that ‘allows designers to extend their abilities to deal with highly complex situations.’1 In addition, computation has produced much more essential possibilities and opportunities for the architectural industry. In the development of architecture history, there is always a kind of unique and particular building form that can represent the characteristics and trend of architecture in that period. For example, pyramid represents ancient Egypt while steel-and-glass skyscrapers obviously represent modern architecture. In 21st century, computation design is exactly a breakthrough in architecture development nowadays. To put it simply, computation is a new approach to design for the architects. The most important difference between computing and traditional architectural design method is that the project can be modified anytime and anywhere in a computational approach, while the traditional way is a bit inflexible and hard to make some changes. The modification is definitely an important step. For architects, a lot of elements need to be considered. Computation design provide more possibilities, potentials and options for architects because of its flexibility and modifiability. Furthermore, computing ‘defines a digital continuum from design to production, from form generation to fabrication design.’2 Computational design brings new solutions for a project from its original design to the completion. In addition, computation requires computer techniques as architects use computation software to design. Therefore, the new approach has arisen a group of specialized consultancy and promoted the 1.BRADY PETERS, ‘COMPUTATION WORKS: THE BUILDING OF ALGORITHMIC THOUGHT’, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, 83.2, (2013), 08-15. 2.RIVKA OXMAN, ROBERT OXMAN, THEORIES OF THE DIGITAL IN ARCHITECTURE, 1 EDN (LONDON: ROUTLEDGE, 2014), P. 1-10.
Figure 7. C development and cooperation between each industry.
Along with the development of computing technologies, mo
geometrical and curvy shapes, and this phenomenon has beco
accurate algorithms can be achieved throughout computati
have been more and more universal in architecture. Computa
by adjusting algorithms. The layout of geometrical element
reality. This is what the traditional design approach hard to r What’s more, the architects and builders can preview what
Computation Design been done follow the existing design plan throughout the computation architectural approach. It
ore and more buildings are designed in
helps them to create ‘responsive designs, allowing architects to explore new design options, allowing
ome an architecture trend. Furthermore,
architects to explore new design options and to analyze architectural decisions during the design
ion so that repetitive patterns elements
process.’
ation design can create complex pattern
ts looks random but well-organized in
Overall, computation design is a trend indeed as it has many advantages that manual work can't
reach.
achieve. In the future, a well combine of traditional architectural approach and computation design is the new goal.
the project would be like when it has
A.2.1 Design Computation -Precedent 1 ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION Stuttgart, Germany Architect:ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart
Figure 8. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION
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Figure 9. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION Structural in Grasshopper
he Institute for Computational Design (ICD) and the Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) of the University of Stuttgart have constructed the research pavilion in a another bionic form. The project is part of a successful series of research pavilions which showcase the potential of novel design, simulation and fabrication processes in architecture. The project was planned and constructed within one and a half years by students and researchers within a multi-disciplinary team of biologists, paleontologists, architects and engineers. The focus of the project is a parallel bottom-up design strategy for the biomimetic investigation of natural fiber composite shells and the development of novel robotic fabrication methods for fiber reinforced polymer structures. The aim was the development of a winding technique for modular, double layered fiber composite
structures, which reduces the required formwork to a minimum while maintaining a large degree of geometric freedom. Computational tools are used widely among this project, the group used these tools simulated the project before it came to the fabrication stage. Therefore, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;both the robotic fabrication characteristics and the abstracted biomimetic principles could be simultaneously integrated into the design process.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; 1The fabrication is all done by the collaborating-axis industrial robots. Overall, the project highly relied on the computation technologies, multidisciplinary collaboration and industrial robots. With all this characteristics, this project made a perfect precedent for this studio. 1.JUSTIN MCGAR , COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN: BUILDINGS DESIGNED AND BUILT BY ROBOTS (2014) <HTTP://SOURCEABLE.NET/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].
A.2.2 Design Computation -Precedent 2 LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION
I
n this project, the rapid, efficient and surface-oriented digital fabrication is used as a modern equivalent of ancient stone carving, marrying the two major architectural parameters – surface and volume. Designed by the New York based Matter Design, the project was preceded by an extensive research dealing with the economically friendly sheet material, while maintaining a common thread of a dedi cation to volume. The idea of the design of this project has a strong connection with ancient architecture. The design was done by computational tools and the digital fabrication is used as ‘a modern equivalent of ancient stone carving’. This amazing combination ‘marrying the two major architectural parameters – surface and volume’. 1 The whole design is so dynamic from top to bottom. The geometry used in this project is irregular but regular. The different hexagons support the whole. Also the form of the project is against most of the buildings in the world the volume of the superstructure is larger than the foundation. Therefore, with the help of digital computation (and the support ahead), the idea becomes true.
1LIDIJA GROZDANIC, LA VOUTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION INVESTIGATES STEREOTOMIC DESIGN THROUGH DIGITAL FABRICATION (2012) <HTTP://WWW.EVOLO.US/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].
Figure 10. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION
Figure 11. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION
A.3 Composition/Generation
Figure 13. Generation Design
Figure 12. Composition Design
T
he shift from composition to generation started as the
popularization of digital computation technologies. In this part, computation technologies are normally operated throughout software such as grasshopper but not CAD. As I mentioned in the previous section, computation is different from computerization. AutoCAD is a typical software for computerization. It doesn’t generate any new idea based on the existing design. Computerization only makes existing plan but not develops them. Differently, software such as Grasshopper would get an item such as a point, a surface, a solid figure and sort of things as a result after setting the algorithm. Architects generate ideas by using these parametric design tools. And as the developing and maturing of the technology, real-time rendering enable the architects make new changes to their designs at any time. So, the design process is becoming totally different than ever before. Nonetheless, parametric modelling can’t absolutely replace the traditional architectural design approach. The models generated by computer are precise and regular. Inevitably, they are always monotonous and similar to each other. Possibly, this is the characteristic of parametric design. Nevertheless, sometimes this characteristic makes the parametric model can’t fit the context very well. Many of these designs could be placed into a complete different context and still ‘looks nice’ itself, but not actually interact with the environment. Thus, one possible solution is designing
through a more active collaborative work between architect and parametric modelling specialist. Normally, the architect designs the project according to the context. If the architect cooperates with the specialist, they can generate models based on both of the context and design brief. To sum up, tParametric design is significant to the architecture industry as it has redefined the traditional process of create a building and reformed the structure of the industry. Computation design is a trend indeed as it has many advantages that manual work can achieve. In the future, a well combine of traditional architectural approach and computation design is the new goal. The shift from composition to generation has a great influence on the architectural industry in both positive way and negative
A.3.1 Composition/Generation -Precedent 1 LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION
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“ oom-Hyperbolic” is a site-specific architectural installation that was designed by foreign architects but inspired by local craftsmanship. Created using algorithmbased software programs like Grasshopper and Rhino, the geometric installation is made from structural frames that form 2 dimensional surfaces into 3 dimensional volumes. The frames are made from locally sourced hand-peeled pine poles. Cotton yarn is stretched over these structures to create a gigantic loom composed of thousands of lines. The aim of this project is to ‘attempting to assume fresh approach to digital fabrication’. This is also a project incorporate modern technologies with traditional techniques which is called ‘Moroccan weaving techniques’ to create the wavy form. The design team used Rhino and Grasshopper to generate this wavy shape on computer. The main structure of this installation is its irregular cellular grid which is inserted into the platform. The parameters of each element of this project is strictly controlled, indeed it seems abnormally but the actually construction ‘translated this irregularity from precise digital design into reality1
Figure 14. LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION
Figure 15. Loom HYPERBOLIC installation sketch
1.LIDIJA GROZDANIC, LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION / BARKOW LEIBINGER ARCHITECTS (2012) <HTTP://WWW. EVOLO.US/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].
A.3.2 Composition/Generation -Precedent 2 New Czech National Library
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he Flux Installation explores the possibilities of parametric modeling and digital fabrication at California College of the Arts (CCA). Produced using CCA’s CNC router and advanced parametric modeling techniques, the structure undulates in plan and section producing a sense of expansion and contraction in the long nave space at CCA’s San Francisco campus. Through the use of parametric modeling and a series of custom designed scripts, the installation design can be quickly updated to address new design criteria. From the thickness of the ribs to the overall twisting form and perforated skins, the geometry is controlled through a complex set of relationships between its formal, performative, and fabrication constraints. Each component of the final design was rebuilt in grasshopper as a parametric model. This method allowed us to make real time adjustments to the form that would be automatically updated and ready for fabrication. Figure 16. New Czech National Library inside. This design is a reflection to the hightech parametric design. This exploration design was trying to being representative to the emerging technologies and how they have ‘transformed the ways in which we both conceive and configure space and material.1 This is one of the key point of parametric design and this project was trying to discover this. The team has explored the form, the function, the context of this project and the possibilities through parametric design. Therefore, this is one of the projects that worth study.
Figure 17. New Czech National Library outside.
Figure 18. New Czech National Library in grasshopper
1MATSYS DESIGN, FLUX: ARCHITECTURE IN A PARAMETRIC LANDSCAPE (2009) <HTTP://MATSYSDESIGN.COM/> [ACCESSED 19 MARCH 2015].
A.4 Conclusion
P
arametric design is significant to the architecture industry as it has redefined the traditional process of create a building and reformed the structure of the in-dustry. Computation design is a trend indeed as it has many advantages that manual work can't achieve. In the future, a well combine of traditional architectural approach and computation design is the new goal. The shift from composition to generation has a great influence on the architectural industry in both positive way and negative way. The models can be generated by the specialists and the computers, however, the architects are
A.5 Learning Outcome
Figure 19. Parametric Design
I
n the past 2 years, I never used computational modelling software such as Grasshopper to design a project. I always made plan, section and models throughout Rhino, Sketch up, 3DS or computerization software such as AutoCAD. To put it simply, I used to design in traditional architectural approaches. Air studio introduces computation design and parametric design to me. I am really looking forward to making some design throughout grasshopper in Part B and Part C. I enjoy designing. For me, designing in traditional approaches and in computational approach are definitely two different experience. I admire those geometric architecture which was designed throughout parametric approach such as Metropol Parasol. They have strong visual impact and can bring new ideas to me. I have done Virtual Environment when I was in Year 1. We made an umbrella frame throughout Rhino at that time. I might create more triangle supports into the original frame to improve my old design.
A.6.1 Appendix-Algorithmic Skeches
Geometry. I try trying to make a form similar to water cube in Beijing.
Lofe and Curve.
A.6.2 Appendix-Reference List
Brady Peters, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83.2, (2013), 08-15. Justin McGar , Computational Design: Buildings Designed and Built By Robots (2014) <http://sourceable.net/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. LIDIJA GROZDANIC, La Voute de LeFevre Installation Investigates Stereotomic Design through Digital Fabrication (2012) <http://www.evolo.us/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. LIDIJA GROZDANIC, Loom Hyperbolic Installation / Barkow Leibinger Architects (2012) <http://www.evolo.us/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. MATSYS DESIGN, FLUX: ARCHITECTURE IN A PARAMETRIC LANDSCAPE (2009) <http://matsysdesign.com/> [accessed 19 March 2015]. Rivka Oxman, Robert Oxman, Theories of the Digital in Architecture, 1 edn (London: Routledge, 2014), p. 1-10.
Figure 1. The faรงade system of Al Bahar Towers, Aedas Architects https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=Al+Bahr+Towers+grasshopper&imgrc=Y b3rKdV-pkv4oM%3A&cad=h#imgrc=GT8FMMnai8lfHM%3A Figure 2. Beijing National Stadium, Pierrede Mueron https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=beijing+national+stadium+&imgrc=8ecL uXFoYG7qWM%3A&cad=h Figure 3. Beijing National Stadium in Grasshopper, Pierrede Mueron https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LOOM+HYPERBOLIC+INSTALLATION&biw=192 0&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCPGZ09Wcp 8cCFaYZpgodsaICTQ#imgrc=aUvcsKyWGgcCaM%3A Figure 4. The Lotus Temple, Fariborz Sahba https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Al+Bahr+Towers&biw=655&bih=551&tbm=isch&tb o=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCJ7NzqnDpccCFQbHpgodf4sNbg&dpr =1#tbm=isch&q=lotus+temple+geometry&imgrc=BHJByiZ6CNFqEM%3A Figure 5. The Lotus Temple plan, Fariborz Sahba https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Al+Bahr+Towers&biw=655&bih=551&tbm=isch&tb o=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCJ7NzqnDpccCFQbHpgodf4sNbg&dpr =1#tbm=isch&q=lotus+temple+plan&imgrc=rBCa6xPwtXCReM%3A Figure 6. The Lotus Temple Elevation, Fariborz Sahba https://www.google.com.au/search?q=Al+Bahr+Towers&biw=655&bih=551&tbm=isch&tb o=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCJ7NzqnDpccCFQbHpgodf4sNbg&dpr =1#tbm=isch&q=lotus+temple+drawing&imgrc=YeRsLNAJO-3nLM%3A Figure 7. Computation Design https://www.google.com.au/search?q=design+computation&tbs=isz:lt,islt:4mp&tbm=isch& imgrc=YTocLE-uuYaKPM%3A&cad=h Figure 8. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=ICD%2FITKE+RESEARCH+PAVILION &imgrc=_WHWWR2z7lfZ3M%3A&cad=h Figure 9. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION Structural in Grasshopper https://www.google.com.au/search?tbm=isch&q=ICD%2FITKE+RESEARCH+PAVILION &imgrc=sWsyzL57MC0M8M%3A&cad=h
Figure 10. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION, Matter Design https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LA+VO%C3%9BTE+DE+LEFEVRE+INSTALLATI ON&biw=1920&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CCgQsARqFQoT CK2mw6yWp8cCFSbYpgoduyUJUQ#imgrc=UPkBGn1YV_d6TM%3A Figure 11. LA VOÛTE DE LEFEVRE INSTALLATION, Matter Design http://www.evolo.us/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/La-Vo%C3%BBte-de-LeFevreInstallation-6.jpg Figure 12. Composition Design https://www.google.com.au/search?biw=1920&bih=955&tbs=isz%3Al&t bm=isch&sa=1&q=algorithmic+design&oq=algorithmic+design&gs_l=i mg.3...36241.40132.0.40541.19.13.0.0.0.1.853.1619.6-2.2.0....0...1c.1j4.64.img..18.1.765. MIvgwb18y1U#imgrc=fAmPrg88l_dqbM%3A Figure 13. Generation Design https://www.google.com.au/search?biw=1920&bih=955&tbs=isz%3Al&t bm=isch&sa=1&q=algorithmic+design&oq=algorithmic+design&gs_l=i mg.3...36241.40132.0.40541.19.13.0.0.0.1.853.1619.6-2.2.0....0...1c.1j4.64.img..18.1.765.MIvg wb18y1U#imgrc=j3Cm6YCYyXhheM%3A Figure 14. LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION, Barkow Leibinger https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LOOM+HYPERBOLIC+INSTALLATION&biw=192 0&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCPGZ09Wcp 8cCFaYZpgodsaICTQ#imgrc=oBQ1iLX3afNImM%3A Figure 15. LOOM HYPERBOLIC INSTALLATION Sketch https://www.google.com.au/search?q=LOOM+HYPERBOLIC+INSTALLATION&biw=192 0&bih=911&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CBwQsARqFQoTCPGZ09Wcp 8cCFaYZpgodsaICTQ#imgrc=aUvcsKyWGgcCaM%3A Figure 16. New Czech National Library inside, New Czech National Library Figure 17. New Czech National Library outside, New Czech National Library http://www.otaplus.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Flux_14.jpg Figure 18. New Czech National Library in grasshopper