Chew Shi Cheng Christopher Year 2 Semester 2 Architecture Portfolio

YEAR 2

AR2102: PROCESS REPORT

AY2020/2021 B.A. (ARCH) 2

THE CLIMATE MATRIX Chew Shi Cheng , A0199924J Jasmine Lim Jia Hui, A0201169M

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THE CLIMATE MATRIX

CONTENT

Space creates structure and the climate determines the program.

Creating thermally comfortable spaces that offers diffused light and helicoidal wind can generate social activities.

Task 01 (Create)- Individual Work (3 Weeks)

AR2102: Design 4 AY 2020 / 2021

Probe A_____________________________________________________________________7-11 Matrix______________________________________________________________________12-13 Probe B____________________________________________________________________14-21

The idea takes inspiration from phototropism and the hierar-

chical structure of mushroom pileus to re-arrange re-distribute corridors and balconies spaces such that climatically favourable activity sites can be created across the day for enhanced social interaction. To achieve that, a moderation between the contradiction of light (between diffused light and excessive heat) and wind (between helicodial and latent wind) must be supported by the prototype.

Task 02A, 02B (Evaluate, Analyse) - Prototype - Pair Work (5Weeks) Basis for Pairing_______________________________________________________________24 Initial Pairing Evaluations________________________________________________________25 Initial Prototype - Interim 01__________________________________________________26-27 Initial Prototype Drawings and Model__________________________________________28-35 Prototype Development _____________________________________________________35-36 Research material __________________________________________________________40-42 Prototype Testing and Experimentation________________________________________43-107 Site - Physical Site and Typological Condition Studies___________________________108_117 General Research and Analysis on Site : Climatic, Environmental and other factors___ Physical Study on Tiong Bahru_________________________________________________116 Existing Apartment Type(s)_____________________________________________________117

Creating collective social spaces in the individualised private dwelling constitutes, in Slovterdijk’s term, a contradiction against our dysphoric tendencies for a mutually exclusive relation between both spatial variants. Component-wise, the contradictions are more apparent. Reconciling the terminative qualities of the balcony with the transitionary tendencies of the corridor seems unlikely. It is thus imperative to approach this contradictions from an a-programmatic perspective.

Task 03 (Apply) - Final Prototype and Collective Projection- Pair Work

Thermal comfort is a durable determinant for the execution of place within programmatic space, what’s more, space without programs. By privileging the openness qualities of light and the moderating influence of wind directionalities against the excesses of insolation, these symbiotically related climatic variables can generate hierarchial territories of thermal comfort that will justify social spaces delineation across the day.

(4 Weeks) Final Drawings and Final Model Photos__________________________________________125 Collective Projection__________________________________________________________141 Critical Evaluation of Project________________________________________________138-139

Chew Shi Cheng , A0199924J Jasmine Lim Jia Hui, A0201169M VICTOR STUDIO

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<Full image best view of final prototype>

Preface Creating collective social spaces in the individualised private dwelling constitutes, in Slovterdijk’s term, a contradiction against our dysphoric tendencies for a mutually exclusive relation between both spatial variants. Component-wise, the contradictions are more apparent.

Reconciling the terminative qualities of the balcony with the transitionary tendencies of the corridor seems unlikely. It is thus imperative to approach this contradictions from an a-programmatic perspective.

Thermal comfort is a durable determinant for the execution of place within programmatic space, what’s more, space without programs. By privileging the openness qualities of light and the moderating influence of wind directionalities against the excesses of insolation, these symbiotically related climatic variables can generate hierarchial territories of thermal comfort that will justify social spaces delineation across the day.

Adopting an angular tectonics to integrate the linear geomtricities of the balcony and corridor, a phototropist-inspired concept shall enable programmatic attribution to space based not on pre-determined parameters but by the changing climatic qualities across the day. It’s consequential effects shall tame the sharp binary distinction between the private balcony with the collective corridor to concede its relevance and purpose to a benign climatic territorialism.

Addressng the undesirably parasitic basis that the first prototype depended on, we explored other forms, that can generate greater formalistic independence from the Tiong Bahru apartment morphology. We sought to endure the volumetric properties and angular tectonics derived from the first prototype.

Being inspired by scientific research on a helicodial wind flow that is often attributed to wind tunnelling and Wake inteference wind flow, we saw its potential to simulatenously create tapered, recessed form that will add sectionality in the modularised prototype which may generate varied climatic territories of varied solar exposure across the day.

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Task 01 (Create) Individual Work (3 Weeks)

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Chew Shi Cheng - Probe A Research

Chew Shi Cheng - Probe A Drawing

The research is focused on probing the adaptative qualities of mushrooms’ spore dispersal (a key survival technique) in the tropics. Situated on the forest floor, where air flow is restricted and air pressure differential weakened, this threatens the dispersal efficacy of mushroom spores and its high humidity raises the risk of bacterial and decomposition process. To adapt, the mushroom offers an enlarge pelius that offers a wide conducting surface to lose water vapour and minimise unnecessary water retention, supporting thermal regulation in the caps where exposure to short-wave insolation is the highest. The faster-than-average evaporative process also creates the necessary air pressure differentials near its spore-creating gills at the edges of the pelius undersides, creating a climatic hierarchy of low pressure, high temperature moisturised air that draws in faster air flow necessary for spore dispersal. By developing a enlarged pelius, it creates an enveloping boundaries for the soil area beneath the mushroom cap where the air is wetter, cooler and of higher wind velocity. The miniaturised pressure differential, formed alongside the deliberately spatially asymmetrically slanted mushroom cap establishes environmental territorialist tendencies by establishing a micro-climate of its own for necessary survival for the mushroom.

Information probe 1 Mushroom Spore Dispersal illustrating the enhanced wind velocity movement brought about by asymmetrically inclined and enlarged pileus Information probe 2 Hypothetical Temperature differentials created as a micro-environment as a result of the pileus’ assymetrical inclination and enlarged surface areas.

Air pressure gradient enhancement can be inferred from the image as well Information probe 3 Vertical and Lateral displacement of spores from pileus as a result of the enhanced wind velocity.

Reveals greater degree of lateral displacement due to the convective cooling approach taken by the mushrooms Information probe 4 Heat graph of the maximum temperature of natural mushroom, illustrating the self-adaptative qualities of remaining cool at the pileus edges due to convective cooling taking place and due to its enlarged surface area that offers a conduit of heat dissipation

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Jasmine Lim - Probe A Research

Jasmine Lim - Probe A Drawing

The critical climatic/environmental parameters of phototropism is light. It happens when plants bend or grow in response to the source of light directionally. The mode of operation that focuses on phototropism is movement. The plant is adaptable to the motions and bending transformation towards the light source or turning away from darkness. These signals cause significant changes in both the plant body form and function.

Information probe 1 represent the shade, negative versus positive phototropism. Plant bends or grows directionally in response to light. Shoots usually move towards the light; roots typically move away from it—information probe 2 outline how the auxin signalling molecules help the plant determine the light source. Information probe 3 depict the elongation of the plant. The plant grows toward the sun. As a result, It bends, expands and elongates. Probe 4 illustrates the cross-section of the elongation of the plant. Lastly, information probe 5 represent the gradual progress of the bending motion. Forming a curvature movement from point to point.

Poche Representation The main parameters of the drawing includes: - Depth of Shade (Light - dark) - Enlongation movement (angles)

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Matrix Assignments

A1 Drawing Layout

3 - Jasmine Lim Jia Hui 7 - Chew Shi Cheng

Analogue Models

Format of Analogue Models

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Chew Shi Cheng- Probe B Analogue 1

Chew Shi Cheng- Probe B Analogue 1

Corridor x Seen/ Unseen

Corridor x Seen/ Unseen

Exploration of hierarchical division by dividing volume to deviate wind

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Chew Shi Cheng- Probe B Analogue 2

Chew Shi Cheng- Probe B Analogue 2

Balcony x Open/ Closed

Balcony x Open/ Closed

Exploration of hierarchical division by dividing volume to deviate wind

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Jasmine Lim - Probe B Analogue 1

Jasmine Lim - Probe B Analogue

Corridor x Open/ Closed

Corridor x Open/ Closed

Exploration of elongation by increasing length / height, angle pivoting to diffuse light

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Jasmine Lim - Probe B Analogue 2

Jasmine Lim - Probe B Analogue 2

Balcony x Accessible/ Inaccessible

Balcony x Accessible/ Inaccessible

Exploration of elongation by increasing length / height, angle pivoting to diffuse light

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Task 02A, 02B (Evaluate, Analyse) Prototype - Pair Work (5 weeks)

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Basis for Pairing

Matrix

[Corridor x Seen / Unseen] + [Balcony x Accessibility / Inaccessibility] Reconciling the terminative qualities of the balcony with the transitionary tendencies of the corridor seems unlikely. It is thus imperative to approach this contradictions from an a-programmatic perspective. Thermal comfort is a durable determinant for the execution of place within programmatic space, what’s more, space without programs.

By privileging the openness qualities of light and the moderating inflluence of wind directionalities from the mushroom grils against the excesses of insolation, these symbiotically related climatic variables can generate hierarchial territories of thermal comfort that will justify social spaces delineation across the day. Adopting an angular tectonics to integrate the linear geomtricities of the balcony and corridor, a phototropist-inspired concept shall enable programmatic attribution to space based not on pre-determined parameters but by the changing climatic qualities across the day. It’s consequential e_ects shall tame the sharp binary distinction between the private balcony with the collective corridor to concede its relevance and purpose to a benign climatic territorialism.

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Matrix, is defined as an environment in which something develops. Similarly, the prototype we seek to convey is one that pulls in the climatic condition of the tropics to create a thermally comfortable environment for program to develop. Component wise, we define balcony as a conventionally used terminating space of a larger programme. While corridor is defined as connecting transitionary space Together, we see both components as spaces without program. Given the emergent demand of expanded social spaces in a private dwelling setting, we seek to capitalise on their a-programmatic nature to form new activity sites made favourable by the climate

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Balcony x Corridor Balcony We define balcony as a conventionally used terminating space of a larger programme. In Tiong Bahru, balconies are often isolated from one another and its stacking arrangement prevent social interaction.

- Transitory spaces - Conventional use as a connector - Minimal function or program on its own Corridor While corridor is defined as connecting transitory space,evidenced in Tiong Bahru. This is a mis opportunity that prevents various residents from using the site beyond .

- Transitory spaces - Conventional use as a connector - Minimal function or program on its own

Hypothesis Space creates structure and the climate determines the program.

Creating thermally comfortable spaces that offers diffused light and helicoidal wind can generate social activities

Together, we see both components as spaces without program. Given the emergent demand of expanded social spaces in private dwellings, we seek to capitalise on their a-programmatic nature to form new activity sites made favourable by the climate its channelling purposes.

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Idea Genesis

Idea Genesis

Phototropism and hierarchical structure of mushroom pileus to redistribute spaces in corridors and balconies to generate climatically conducive spaces for interaction

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Thus, the idea takes inspiration from phototropism and the hierarchical structure of mushroom pileus to re-arrange re-distribute corridors and balconies spaces such that climatically favourable activity sites can be created across the day for enhanced social interaction.

To achieve that, a moderation between the contradiction of light (between diffused light and excessive heat) and wind (between helicodial and latent wind) must be supported by the prototype 29

Initial Prototype

Initial Prototype

Linear non-rotational axonometric

Linear non-rotational axonometric

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Initial Prototype

Initial Prototype

Alternating non-rotational axonometric

Alternating non-rotational

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Initial Prototype Model

Initial Prototype Model

Alternating non-rotational axonometric

Linear non-rotational axonometric

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Climatic Condition and Prototype Development

<Full image of best closeup view of final prototype>

1. Light 2. Heat as a result of light 3. Wind deviation and hence thermal comfort 4. Proposed human circulation between the spaces across the day Prototype create balcony spaces that are low light, with no wind and humid condition.

While the central areas remain bright with high wind moderating the heat from the light.

This variance in thermal comfort induces human circulation out of privatized balconies to the connected collective corridor for social space and also simultaneously improve mental health. Evening sun shines into L shaped balconies and bring in light while reversal of wind movement enable wind into the balcony’s spaces. Balconies become conducive area for interaction. This changes to the most thermally comfortable spaces across day and night intrudes into the binary privateness of the balconies and forces people to reimagine collective social spaces back washed into balconies or even corridors in the evening and day respectively.

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Design Hypothesis

Design Hypothesis

Creating collective social spaces in the individualised private dwelling constitutes, in Slovterdijk’s term, a contradiction against our dysphoric tendencies for a mutually exclusive relation between both spatial variants. Component-wise, the contradictions are more apparent. Reconciling the terminative qualities of the balcony with the transitionary tendencies of the corridor seems unlikely. It is thus imperative to approach this contradictions from an a-programmatic perspective.

Addressng the undesirably parasitic basis that the first prototype depended on, we explored other forms, that can generate greater formalistic independence from the Tiong Bahru apartment morphology. We sought to endure the volumetric properties and angular tectonics derived from the first prototype.

Being inspired by scientific research on a helicodial wind flow that is often attributed to wind tunnelling and Wake inteference wind flow, we saw its potential to simulatenously create tapered, recessed form that will add sectionality in the modularised prototype which may generate varied climatic territories of varied solar exposure across the day.

Thermal comfort is a durable determinant for the execution of place within programmatic space, what’s more, space without programs. By privileging the openness qualities of light and the moderating influence of wind directionalities against the excesses of insolation, these symbiotically related climatic variables can generate hierarchial territories of thermal comfort that will justify social spaces delineation across the day.

Adopting an angular tectonics to integrate the linear geomtricities of the balcony and corridor, a phototropist-inspired concept shall enable programmatic attribution to space based not on pre-determined parameters but by the changing climatic qualities across the day. It’s consequential effects shall tame the sharp binary distinction between the private balcony with the collective corridor to concede its relevance and purpose to a benign climatic territorialism.

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Research Bernoulli’s Equation

Reynold Numbers

Researched but rejected Bernoulli equation applicability Due to assumption of frictionless flow and zero heat transfer (not accurate for the tropics)

Free vortex flow

Free vortex flow affected by Reynold numbers (100-200 units) Require low air pressure, concentrated heat, high wind speed, wind tunnelling

Setting wind parameters

Adopted the free vortex flow to deviate wind Helicoidal flow that deviates wind, enhances wind speed and hence thermal comfort

South Southeast (SSE) wind the most frequent in Singapore Sea breeze an average of 2.5m/s

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Research

Genesis Idea evolution

Basis for Pairing

And thus the contradiction of the climate problem could be summarised as follow: Where diffused light is favoured, excess sunlight bring insolation. Mediating this contradiction requires an exploration of the porosity of the prototype facade on how best to draw light of minimal heat. Where helicoidal flow is encouraged, low wind may worsen humidity. Mediating this requires an exploration of: directionality to draw in wind, density and scale to influence wind pressure, hybridity of prototype parts to maximise warm air dissipation

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Our initial ideas was a culmination of our respective understanding of the balcony and corridor. The hierarchical morphology of the mushroom pileus, which is instrumental to deviating wind was adopted while the tapering behaviour of phototropism in plants was modified to create a half-hexagonal prototype that deviates wind and selectively divides accessibility and view.

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

- Experiment and Test Setup

- Experiment and Test Setup

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

- Experiment and Test Setup

- Experiment and Test Setup From the first ideation, the first experimentation of directionality was conducted using a dry ice test. It was found that the 60 degree inclined walls best achieve Wake interference wind flow and light exposure.

Iteration 1 Prototype

Iteration 1 Idea Evolution

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

- Results and conclusions

- Iteration 1 Prototype Testing on Form and Performance

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation - Iteration 1 Prototype Testing on Form and Performance

- Results and conclusions

Linear non-rotational

Alternating non-rotational

Composite non-rotational

Wind test on the linearm alternating and composite non rotational modules (Top to bottom) 50

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation Ideation Development Angular

Angular: From the elongated to the volumetric

Angular: From plan to section

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 2 Idea Evolution

Iteration 2

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 2

Iteration 2

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 2

Iteration 2

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation Iteration 2 drawings

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 2 Idea Evolution

Iteration 2 and 3 Idea Evolution

Iteration 2 Idea Evaluation

Iteration 2 and 3 Experimental Objectives

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4 Idea Evolution

Iteration 4 Idea Evolution

Nonetheless, the directionality and porosity characteristics of the prototype from Experiment 1 to 3 were brought forward in the next phase of ideation. We sought to further explore the porosity of the prototype sectionally in Experiment 4. In particular, we wondered whether creating 60 degree deviation sectionally can increase wind speed. However, experiment 4 rejected this claim. On plan, we found a new way of retaining the 60 degree deviation without keeping the half-hexagonal form. We positioned the porous frames in a fanshaped arrangement.

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4 Idea Evolution

Iteration 4

40 degrees Prototype

Angular properties on the z axis

1.5mm thick

3 mm thick

30 degrees

60 degrees

Prototype

Prototype

Light

Light

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4

Iteration 4

90 degrees

60 degrees thick frames small gaps

Prototype

Prototype

Light Light

60 degrees mid thick large gaps

60 degrees thick frames large gaps

Prototype

Prototype

Light

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Idea Evolution

Iteration 4.5 Idea Evolution

However, with the fan-shaped arrangement the gaps between the frames and its porosity were different. Frames nearer the centre were more packed for instance. This might affect wind tunnelling effect. So we replaced the fan-shaped with inclined rectangular frames at 60 degrees to enable more complete wind passage through equidistant frames.

We then conceptualise ways to create a more hybrid frame prototype that can better dissipate moisture and humidity while trapping minimal heat to promote vortex flow. We first created three set of frames, the L frame (tallest) R frames (next tallest) and C frames (shortest) to create sectional difference for better vortex flow and wind deviation and more deliberate and performative shade. The hybridity and density of frames properties were tested in Experiment 4.5

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.0

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.1A

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.1B

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.1C

iteration 4.5 Prototype A.1B

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.1D

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.2B

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.2A

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.2C

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.2D

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.3A

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.3B

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.3C

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.1A

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.1B

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.3D

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.2A

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.2B

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.2C

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.2D

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.3A

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.3B

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.3C

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.3D

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.0 to A.3d

Iteration 4.5 Prototype A.0 to A.3d Evaluation

CFD test showed least dense arrangement ideal for tallest L frames

Iteration 4.5 Prototype B.1a to B.3d

CFD test showed dense to least dense arrangement ideal for moderately tall R frames

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 5 Idea Evolution

Iteration 5 Prototype X.1 to Y.3

CFD test showed X.2 and X.3 in retaining helicoidal flow

Iteration 5.5 Prototype (X.2,Y.2)

Finally the dimensionality of the prototype, both width and height was experimented in Experiment 5 and 5.5. This was crucial to attest the possible programmatic permutations later on.

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 5 Prototype X.1

Iteration 5 Prototype X.2

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 5 Prototype X.3

Iteration 5 Prototype Y. 1

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 5 Prototype Y. 2

Iteration 5 Prototype Y. 3

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 5 Prototype Z. 1 to Z.3

Iteration 5 Prototype Z .1

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Iteration 5 Prototype Z. 2

Iteration 5 Prototype Z. 3W

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Prototype Testing and Experimentation

Performative Criteria

Performative Criteria

- Amount of diffused light - Velocity of wind speed

Porosity

- Presence of helicodial flow

Tropics and The Climate Matrix

Equidistant gaps and inclined arrangement of frames

Density

Directionality Angle against direct light and incident wind directionality

60 degrees inclination ideal for maximum shade at low-angle E-W sun and wind deviation

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Least dense arrangement of tallest L frames Dense to least dense arrangement of moderately tall R frames

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Prototype Testing and Experimentation Performative Criteria Hybridity

Tallest L frames and moderately tall R frames and perpendicular C frames

Height and Wind Dimension

1.2m width and 3.9m height most ideal

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General Research and Analysis on Site : Climatic, Environmental and other factors

General Research and Analysis on Site : Climatic, Environmental and other factors

<Diagrams supporting research>

Sun is the most important factor in climate. Its radiation decides diurnal temperatures. The temperature is raised directly by the penetration of the sun’s rays through openings and indirectly through the absorption and radiation of heat by the walling and roofing materials.

WIND ROSE

SUNPATH

N

For comfort both the factors should be considered. This sun analysis allow use to understand the sun ray and shadows throughout the day at different hours. Measures should be adopted to shield direct penetration of the sun’s rays through openings would not be useful.

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S

ROAD

U ROAD

POH

ET

TIONG

TIONG BAHR

ENG HOON STRE

SITE ANALYSIS

POH

ET

The wind blows from the indicated direction.

Example SW: Wind is blowing from South-West (SW) to North-East (NE). Also, we also observe a 2m wind hinderance base on the CFD analysis.

SENG

CHUAN STRE ET

CHAY YAN STREET

ENG WATT STRE

GUAN

Ventilation is provided by taking advantage of prevailing winds. Where there is extreme heat it is necessary to close openings to avoid heat and glare, it would be an advantage to plan buildings to facing the prevailing wind. For comfort it is also necessary that air movement should occur in a building at the level of occupancy and use.

S

PRE WAR

POST WAR

ROAD

ROAD

GREENERY

RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL WITH COMMERCIAL AT 1ST STOREY COMMERICAL CIVIC & COMMUNITY INSTITUTION PARK PREWAR SIT FLATS & CONSERVATION AREA BUILDING

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Site - Physical Site and Typological Condition Studies

Site - Physical Site and Typological Condition Studies

We drafted a physical site hatch based on the diffused light and wind speed across Tiong Bahru expressed by upward and the area of Eng Hoon Street to be the least thermally comfortably being 3rd least windy and most exposed to direct sunlight

Typologically, Eng Hoon Street was the only street apartment missing a balcony as a component. Noticeably, across the board, the apartment design were highly efficiency-driven with secondary utility programmes like toilet and kitchen flushed to the least thermally comfortable parts of the apartment, resulting in under-utilisation of space. Could our prototype better democratise the disconnect between primary and utility space?

On an urban scale, Eng Hoon Street has the least social space. We extracted four indices to express social space, by their human congestion, green areas, car park spaces and activity zones. Eng Hoon Street underperformed in all four metrics. We therefore decided to use Eng Hoon Street apartment as our site to insert the final prototype

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Site - Physical Site and Typological Condition Studies

Typologically, Eng Hoon Street was the only street apartment missing a balcony as a component. Noticeably, all apartment designs were highly efficiency-driven with secondary utility programmes like toilet and kitchen flushed to the least thermally comfortable parts of the apartment, resulting in under-utilisation of space. Could our prototype better democratise the disconnect between primary and utility space?

On an urban scale, Eng Hoon Street has the least social space. We extracted four indices to express social space, by their human congestion, green areas, car park spaces and activity zones. Eng Hoon Street underperformed in all four metrics. We therefore decided to use Eng Hoon Street apartment as our site to insert the final prototype.

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Tiong Bahru and its history

Tiong Bahru and its history

While the final prototype seeks to expand social space in Eng Hoon St, we appreciate the ongoing gentrification project in Tiong Bahru, from colonial times to present day commercial gentrification. However, we identify identity displacement in these gentrified “social spaces” created. Thus our prototype will seek to create social spaces that truly preserved Tiong Bahru identity. Tiong Bahru’s history of gentrification is largely intertwined with a pursuit of efficiency. In fact the streamlined modernism that has come to represent Tiong Bahru architectural form is inspired by their efficiency-driven gentrification process.

However, the gentrification has led to a selective and arguably sterile preservation of Tiong Bahru’s past while eroding decades of local culture such as bird singing competition and its once vibrant back alleys

Thus the notion of expanding social spaces in Tiong Bahru is as much a climatic issue as it is a programmatic issue. Creating climatically favourable social spaces will encourage the residents to use these semi-urban activity areas and preserve Tiong Bahru’s identity through a prolongment of existing communal activities.

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AN STREET

SITE POCHE

UNIT POCHE

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Prototype Iteration

Prototype Iteration

Iteration 1 - Appendage of apartment

Iteration 2.1 Performative limit of insertion reached

Iteration 2 - Replacement of apartment stairwell

Performative limit of insertion reached

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Prototype Iteration

Prototype Iteration

Iteration 2. 1 - Continuous arrangement

Iteration 2. 2 - Alternating arrangement

Iteration 2. 2 - 6m fragmented arrangement

Iteration 2. 3 - Traversing arrangement

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Prototype Iteration

Prototype Iteration Iteration 3

CFD test confirmed strong helicoidal flow and wind tunnelling in iteration 3

Site intervention

We integrated the benefits of both 2.2 and 2.3 to derive the final prototype.

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< FULL PAGE IMAGE of the best view of your Collective Model>

Task 03 (Apply) Final Prototype & Collective Projection Pair Work (4 weeks)

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Final Projection

Final Projection

Site

1st Storey

Mezzanine

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2nd Storey

3rd Storey

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Final Projection

Final Projection

Long section

Impact of the Final Prototype

Top level balconies: Cooler sites with denser frame arrangement - Private bedroom extension 2nd floor balconies: Diffused light and high wind - Mahjong and bird singing 60 degree frames: Wider exposure and view - Greater interaction with public without breaching privacy

Prototype brings climatic dividends to existing apartment

Short section

During the morning and evening where the Sun incident rays are the hottest, the prototype will also contribute significant shade to the interior apartment.

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Final Projection

Final Projection

Detail

Axonometric projection

Vertical Section

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Final Projection

Final Projection

Axonometric projection

Programme

Programme use at 1200 HR (top) and 1800 HR (bottom)

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Final Model

Final Model

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Final Model

Final Model

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Final Model

Final Model

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Critical Evaluation of Project

Critical Evaluation of Project

Wind test

Our collective prototype redefines the balcony and corridor as a potential space of varied interaction. Our design can be agglomerated and applied to other apartment types in Tiong Bahru.

Through our typological study and experimentations, we tweaked slightly, such as the angle of deviation, to better contextualise the design to the different sun path experienced by the other Tiong Bahru apartments. For collective type 2 and 3, which have more distinct typology, the size of the frames and the dimensionality of certain balconies were re-sized to better meet their potential programmatic variations and to achieve the varying light and wind flow.

This test shows a presence of helicoidal flow and wind tunnelling effect affirms its efficacy.

The arrangements were found to have created unique climatic values for the prototype and the existing apartment. Gap between the modules enabled high-velocity wind to spill over into the existing apartment.

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Through the building up of its collective form, our design proposal engages with that of the apartment blocks. Creating climatically favourable social spaces will encourage the residents to use these semi-urban activity areas and preserve Tiong Bahru’s identity through a prolongment of existing communal activities.

CFD testing of the prototype

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Wind enhancing effect deliver cooler air to interior apartment spaces

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< FULL PAGE IMAGE of the best view of your Collective Model>

Task 03 (Apply) Collective Model - Pair Work (4 weeks)

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Collective Projection

<Final Drawings and Model Photos T.B.C>

Our collective prototype redefines the balcony and corridor as a potential space of varied interaction. Our design can be agglomerated and applied to other apartment types in Tiong Bahru.

Type 1B

Through our typological study and experimentations, we tweaked slightly, such as the angle of deviation, to better contextualise the design to the different sun path experienced by the other Tiong Bahru apartments. For collective type 2 and 3, which have more distinct typology, the size of the frames and the dimensionality of certain balconies were re-sized to better meet their potential programmatic variations and to achieve the varying light and wind flow.

Through the building up of its collective form, our design proposal engages with that of the apartment blocks. Creating climatically favourable social spaces will encourage the residents to use these semi-urban activity areas and preserve Tiong Bahru’s identity through a prolongment of existing communal activities.

Type 1C

Type 2

Type 3

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Collective Projection Figure ground plan (after) Figure ground plan (before)

GUAN CHUAN STREET

YONG SIAK STREET

SENG POH ROAD

TIONG POH ROAD

ENG HOON STREET

TIONG BAHRU CC

ENG WHATT STREET

CHAY YAN STREET

TIONG POH ROAD

G

EN ON

HO ET

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RE

ST

Collective prototype

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Collective Projection

Collective Projection

Type 1B

Type 2

Type 1C

Type 3

Type 1C

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Collective Model

Collective Model

Type 1B

Type 1C

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Collective Model

Collective Model

Type 2

Type 3

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Design Extension 1st Storey

2nd Storey

Aware of the loss of privacy in existing design Going forward, new prototype that returns some of these private spaces to the users

Mezzanine

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3rd Storey

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