SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK
Information based on national statistics; job demand varies by region. The Pacific Northwest has a great demand for trade workers. Contact local trade associations, unions, apprenticeship programs and community colleges for available opportunities.
ACCOUNTANT/AUDITOR
WHAT ACCOUNTANTS DO
Accountants and auditors prepare and examine financial records.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Most accountants and auditors work full-time. Overtime hours are typical at certain times of the year, such as at the end of the budget year or during tax season.
HOW TO BECOME AN ACCOUNTANT
ARCHITECT
WHAT ARCHITECTS DO
Architects plan and design houses, factories, office buildings, and other structures.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Architects spend much of their time in offices, where they develop plans, meet with clients, and consult with engineers and other architects. They also visit construction sites to prepare initial drawings and review the progress of projects to ensure that clients’
BOILERMAKERS
WHAT BOILERMAKERS DO
objectives are met.
A bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field is typically required to become an accountant or auditor. Completing certification in a specific field of accounting, such as becoming a licensed Certified Public Accountant (CPA), may improve job prospects.
PAY
The median annual wage for accountants and auditors was $81,680 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of accountants and auditors is
HOW TO BECOME AN ARCHITECT
There are typically three main steps to becoming a licensed architect: completing a professional degree in architecture, gaining relevant experience through a paid internship, and passing the Architect Registration Examination.
PAY
The median annual wage for architects was $96,690 in May 2024.
Boilermakers assemble, install, and repair boilers, closed vats, and other large vessels or containers that hold liquids and gases.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Boilermakers perform physically demanding and dangerous work. Many boilermakers must travel to worksites and live away from home for long periods.
WHAT MASON WORKERS DO
Masonry workers, known as masons, use bricks, concrete and concrete blocks, and natural and manmade stones to build walkways, walls, and other structures.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
The work is physically demanding, requiring heavy lifting and long periods of standing, kneeling and bending. Most masons work full time.
projected to grow 6 percent from 2023-2033, faster than average for all occupations. About 130,800 openings for accountants and auditors are projected each year, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Accountants
2024 Median Pay: $81,680 per year / $39.27 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: None
Number of Jobs, 2023: 1,562,000
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 6% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 91,400
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of architects is projected to grow 8 percent from 2023 to 2033, faster than average for all occupations. About 9,900 openings for architects are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Architects
2024 Median Pay: $96,690 per year / $46.49 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Internship/residency
Number of Jobs, 2023: 127,300
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 8% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 9,900
HOW TO BECOME A BOILERMAKER
Most boilermakers learn their trade through an apprenticeship program.
PAY
The median annual wage for boilermakers was $73,340 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of boilermakers is projected to decline 1 percent from 2023 to 2033. Despite limited employment growth, about 1,000
HOW TO BECOME A BRICK MASON, BLOCK MASON, OR STONE MASON
Masons typically need a high school diploma or equivalent and learn the trade either through an apprenticeship or on the job.
PAY
The median annual wage for masonry workers was $56,600 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of masonry workers is projected to remain steady from 2023 to 2033. Despite
openings for boilermakers are projected each year, on average, over the decade, to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Boilermaker
2024 Median Pay: $73,340 per year / $35.26 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship
Number of Jobs, 2023: 11,300
Job Outlook, 2023-33: -1% (decline)
Employment Change, 2023-33: -100
limited employment, about 21,800 openings for masonry workers are projected each year, on average, over the decade, to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Brick Mason, Block Mason, and Stone
Mason
2024 Median Pay: $56,600 per year / $27.21 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship
Number of Jobs, 2023: 298,300
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 0% (little to no change)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 400
BRICK & CEMENT MASONS (MASON WORKERS)
BUILDING INSPECTOR
WHAT
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING INSPECTORS DO
Construction and building inspectors ensure that construction meets local and national building codes and ordinances, zoning regulations, and contract specifications.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Construction and building inspectors spend considerable time inspecting worksites, alone or as part of a team. Some inspectors may have to climb ladders or crawl in tight spaces. Most work full time during regular business hours.
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER/ MARKETING
WHAT ADVERTISING, PROMOTIONS, AND MARKETING MANAGERS DO
Advertising, promotions, and marketing managers plan programs to generate interest in products or services.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Advertising, promotions, and marketing managers typically work in an office setting. They may travel to meet with clients or media representatives. Most of these managers work full-time and some work
HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION OR BUILDING INSPECTOR
Construction and building inspectors usually need a high school diploma and work experience in a construction trade to enter the occupation. They typically learn on the job to attain competency. Many states and localities require some type of license or certification.
PAY
The median annual wage for construction and building inspectors was $72,120 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of construction and building
more than 40 hours per week.
HOW TO BECOME AN ADVERTISING, PROMOTIONS, OR MARKETING MANAGER
Advertising, promotions, and marketing managers typically need a bachelor’s degree. They also typically need work experience in a related occupation.
PAY
The median annual wage for advertising, promotions and marketing managers was $131,870 in May 2024. The median annual wage for marketing managers was $159,660 in May 2024.
BUYERS/PURCHASING AGENTS
WHAT BUYERS/PURCHASING AGENTS DO
Buyers and purchasing agents buy products and services for organizations to use or resell. Purchasing managers oversee the work of buyers and purchasing agents.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Most buyers and purchasing agents work full time. Some work more than 40 hours per week.
CARPENTERS
WHAT CARPENTERS DO
Carpenters construct, repair, and install building frameworks and structures made from wood and other materials.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Carpenters work indoors and outdoors on a variety of construction projects, from installing kitchen cabinets to building highways and bridges.
CIVIL ENGINEERS
WHAT CIVIL ENGINEERS DO
inspectors is projected to be stable from 2023 to 2033. About 15,000 openings for construction and building inspectors are projected each year, on average, over the decade, to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Building Inspector 2024 Median Pay: $72,120 per year / $34.67 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: five years or more
On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 142,600
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 0% (little to no change)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 0
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of advertising, promotions, and marketing managers is projected to grow 8 percent from 2023 to 2033, faster than the average for all occupations. About 36,600 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Business Development Manager/Marketing 2024 Median Pay: $159,660 per year / $76.76 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: Usually have some sales experience On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2023: 411,300 Job Outlook, 2023-33: 8% (faster than average) Employment Change, 2023-33: 31,100
HOW TO BECOME A BUYER OR PURCHASING AGENT
Buyers and purchasing agents typically have a bachelor’s degree. Purchasing managers must also have a few years of work experience.
PAY
The median annual wage for buyers and purchasing agents was $79,830 and the median annual wage for purchasing managers was $139,510 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of buyers and purchasing agents is
HOW TO BECOME A CARPENTER
Carpenters typically learn on the job and through apprenticeships.
PAY
The median annual wage of carpenters was $59,310 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of carpenters is projected to grow 4 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 76,500
Civil engineers plan, design, and supervise the construction and maintenance of building and infrastructure projects.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Civil engineers work in a variety of locations and conditions, commonly splitting their time between an office setting and construction sites. Most civil engineers work full time, and some work more
than 40 hours per week.
projected to grow 7 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 61,100 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Buyers/Purchasing Agent
2024 Median Pay: $79,830 per year / $38.38 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Long-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 605,400
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 7% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 41,400
openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Carpenters
2024 Median Pay: $59,310 per year / $28.51 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship
Number of Jobs, 2023: 923,100
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 4% (as fast as average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 38,600
HOW TO BECOME A CIVIL ENGINEER
Civil engineers typically need a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering or a related field. They typically need a state-issued license if they provide services directly to the public.
PAY
The median annual wage of civil engineers was $99,590 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of civil engineers is expected to grow 6 percent from 2023 to 2033, faster than average for all occupations. About 22,900 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Civil Engineers
2024 Median Pay: $99,590 per year / $47.88 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: None
Number of Jobs, 2023: 341,800
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 6% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 22,100
CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS
WHAT CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS DO
Construction managers plan, coordinate, budget, and supervise construction projects from start to finish.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Construction managers may have a main office but spend most of their time in a field office onsite, where they monitor projects and make decisions about construction activities. Their schedules may vary.
COST ESTIMATORS
HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION MANAGER
Construction managers typically need a bachelor’s degree, and they learn management techniques through on-the-job training.
Large construction firms may prefer to hire candidates who have both construction experience and a bachelor’s degree in a construction-related field.
PAY
The median annual wage for construction managers was $106,980 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
WHAT COST ESTIMATORS DO
Cost estimators collect and analyze data in order to assess the time, money, materials, and labor required to make a product or provide a service.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Cost estimators work mostly in office settings, and some estimators also visit construction sites and factory assembly lines. Most cost estimators work full time, and some work
DRAFTERS
WHAT DRAFTERS DO
Drafters use software to convert the designs of engineers and architects into technical drawings.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Although drafters spend much of their time working on computers in an office, some may visit jobsites in order to collaborate with architects and engineers. Most drafters work full time.
HOW
TO BECOME A DRAFTER
Employment of construction managers is projected to grow 9% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than average for all occupations. About 45,800 openings for construction managers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Construction Managers
2024 Median Pay: $106,980 per year / $51.43 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 520,900
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 9% (much faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 47,600
more than 40 hours per week.
HOW TO BECOME A COST ESTIMATOR
Cost estimators typically need a bachelor’s degree to enter the occupation, although workers with several years of experience in construction sometimes qualify in that industry without a degree.
PAY
The median annual wage for cost estimators was $77,070 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Drafters typically complete education after high school, often through a program at a community college or technical school. Some programs lead to an associate of applied science in drafting or a related degree. Others result in a certificate or diploma.
PAY
The median annual wage for drafters was $65,380 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of drafters is projected to decline
DRYWALL AND CEILING TILE INSTALLERS AND TAPERS
WHAT DRYWALL FINISHERS DO
Drywall and ceiling tile installers hang wallboard and install ceiling tile inside buildings. Tapers prepare the wallboard for painting.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers work indoors. Workers spend most of the day standing, bending, or reaching,
Employment of cost estimators is projected to decline 4 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 18,000 openings for cost estimators are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Cost Estimators
2024 Median Pay: $77,070 per year / $37.05 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 227,900
Job Outlook, 2023-33: -4% (decline)
Employment Change, 2023-33: -8,300
1 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 16,900 openings for drafters are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Drafters
2024 Median Pay: $65,380 per year / $31.44 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Associate’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: None
Number of Jobs, 2023: 204,500
Job Outlook, 2023-33: -1% (decline)
Employment Change, 2023-33: -1,300
and they often must lift and maneuver heavy wallboard.
HOW TO BECOME A DRYWALL FINISHER
Most drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers learn their trade on the job. A formal educational credential is typically not required to enter the occupation.
PAY
The median annual wage for drywall and ceiling tile installers was $58,800 in May 2024. The median annual wage for tapers was $64,700 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Overall employment for drywall finishers is projected to grow 3 percent from 2023 to 2033, as fast as average for all occupations. About 9,800 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers and Tapers
2024 Median Pay: $58,800 per year / $28.27 per hour
Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 136,600
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 3% (as fast as average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 3,700
HAMMERS AND NAILS
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK
ELECTRICIANS
WHAT ELECTRICIANS DO
Electricians install, maintain and repair electrical power, communications, lighting, and control systems.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Almost all electricians work full time. Work schedules may include evenings and weekends. Overtime is common.
HOW TO BECOME AN ELECTRICIAN
Most electricians learn through an apprenticeship; some start out by attending a technical school. Most states require electricians to be licensed.
PAY
The median annual wage of electricians was $62,350 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of electricians is projected to
FLOORING INSTALLERS, TILE AND STONE SETTERS
WHAT DO FLOOR COVERING INSTALLERS DO
Flooring installers and tile and stone setters lay and finish carpet, wood, vinyl, tile, and other materials.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Installing flooring, tile, and stone is physically demanding, with workers spending much of their time reaching, bending, and kneeling. Most work full time, although schedules may vary.
HOW TO BECOME A GLAZIER
GLAZIERS
WHAT DO GLAZIERS DO
Glaziers install glass in windows, skylights, and other fixtures in buildings.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
As in many other construction trades, the work of glaziers is physically demanding. They may experience cuts from tools and glass, falls from ladders and scaffolding, and exposure to solvents. Most work full time.
grow 11 percent from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for all occupations. About 80,200 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Electricians
2024 Median Pay: $62,350 per year / $29.98 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship
Number of Jobs, 2023: 779,800
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 11% (much faster than average)
Employment Change: 2023-33: 84,300
HOW TO BECOME A FLOOR COVERING INSTALLER
Flooring installers and tile and stone setters typically need no formal educational credential. They learn their trade on the job, sometimes starting as a helper.
PAY
The median annual wage of floor covering professionals was $52,000 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Overall employment of floor covering professionals is projected to grow 6 percent
Glaziers typically enter the occupation with a high school diploma and learn their trade through an apprenticeship or on-the-job training.
PAY
The median annual wage for glaziers was $55,440 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of glaziers is projected to grow
HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
TECHNICIAN
WHAT DO HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNICIANS DO
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers work on heating, ventilation, cooling, and refrigeration systems.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
These workers install and repair systems in homes, schools, hospitals, and other buildings. They may need to work in cramped spaces, outdoors, or in extreme temperatures. Most work full time, and schedules may vary.
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATORS
WHAT DO HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATORS DO
Construction equipment operators drive, maneuver, or control the heavy machinery used to construct roads, buildings, and other structures.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Construction equipment operators may work even in unpleasant weather. Most operators work full time, and some have irregular work schedules that include nights.
HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
from 2023 to 2033. About 9,200 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Flooring installers, tile and marble setters
2024 Median Pay: $52,000 per year / $25.00 per hour
Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Learn on the job
Number of Jobs, 2023: 115,400
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 6% (faster than average)
Employment Change: 2023-33: 7,500
4 percent from 2023 to 2033, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 5,600 openings for glaziers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Glaziers
2024 Median Pay: $55,440 per year / $26.65 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of jobs, 2023: 56,500 Job Outlook, 2023-33: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2023-33: 2,100
HOW TO BECOME A HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNICIAN
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers typically need a postsecondary nondegree award, although some enter the occupation with less education. Once hired, they typically have a lengthy period of on-the-job training to attain competency. These workers may need a license or certification.
PAY
The median annual wage for HVACR technicians was $59,810 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
OPERATOR
Many workers learn equipment operation on the job after earning a high school diploma or equivalent, while others learn through an apprenticeship or by attending vocational schools.
PAY
The median annual wage for heavy equipment operators was $58,320 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of heavy equipment operators
Employment of heating and air conditioning technicians is projected to grow 9 percent from 2023 to 2033, faster than the average for all occupations. About 42,500 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Heating and air conditioning technician
2024 Median Pay: $59,810 per year / $28.75 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Postsecondary nondegree award
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Long-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 441,200
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 9% (much faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 40,100
is projected to grow 4 percent from 2023 to 2033, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 45,700 openings for construction equipment operators are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Heavy equipment operators
2024 Median Pay: $58,320 per year / $28.04 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 515,700
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 4% (as fast as average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 21,500
HEAVY VEHICLE AND MOBILE
SERVICE TECHNICIANS
WHAT HEAVY VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT SERVICE TECHNICIANS DO
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians inspect, maintain, and repair vehicles and machinery used in construction, farming, and other industries.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Service technicians usually work indoors in noisy repair shops. They often lift heavy parts and tools, handle greasy and dirty equipment, and stand or lie in uncomfortable positions. Most service technicians work full time, and many
work evenings and weekends.
HOW TO BECOME A HEAVY VEHICLE OR MOBILE EQUIPMENT SERVICE TECHNICIAN
Most heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians have a high school diploma or equivalent. Because vehicle and equipment technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated and computerized, some employers prefer to hire service technicians who have completed a formal training program at a postsecondary institution.
PAY
The median annual wage for heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians was $62,740 in May 2024.
INTERIOR DESIGNER
WHAT INTERIOR DESIGNERS DO
Interior designers make indoor spaces functional, safe, and beautiful by determining space requirements and selecting essential and decorative items.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Many interior designers work in specialized design services or in architectural, engineering, and related services.
IRONWORKER
WHAT DO IRONWORKERS DO
Ironworkers install structural and reinforcing iron and steel to form and support buildings, bridges, and roads.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Ironworkers perform physically demanding and dangerous work, often at great heights. Workers must wear safety equipment to reduce the risk of falls or other injuries.
HOW TO BECOME AN IRONWORKER
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians is projected to grow 9 percent from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for all occupations. About 24,100 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians
2024 Median Pay: $62,740 per year / $30.16 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship or long-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 259,300
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 9% (much faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 22,600
HOW TO BECOME AN INTERIOR DESIGNER
Interior designers typically need a bachelor’s degree to enter the occupation.
PAY
The median annual wage for interior designers was $63,490 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of interior designers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2023 to 2033, as fast as the average for all occupations. About
Most ironworkers learn through an apprenticeship or on-the-job training.
PAY
The median annual wage for reinforcing iron and rebar workers was $59,280 in May 2024. The median annual wage for structural iron and steel workers was $62,700 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of ironworkers is projected to
LABORERS AND HELPERS
WHAT CONSTRUCTION LABORERS, HELPERS DO
Construction laborers and helpers do many basic tasks that require physical labor on construction sites.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Most construction laborers and helpers work full time, and schedules may vary. Their jobs are often physically demanding and may require being outdoors in all weather conditions.
HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION LABORER OR HELPER
8,800 openings for interior designers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Interior Designer
2024 Median Pay: $63,490 per year / $30.52 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: None
Number of Jobs, 2023: 92,200
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 4% (as fast as average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 3,700
grow 4 percent from 2023 to 2033, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 7,500 openings for ironworkers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Ironworker
2024 Median Pay: $61,940 per year / $29.78 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2023: 88,100 Job Outlook, 2023-33: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2023-33: 3,700
Construction laborers and helpers learn on the job. Although formal education is not typically required, some employers may prefer to hire candidates who have a high school diploma or equivalent.
PAY
The median annual wage for construction laborers and helpers was $46,050 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of construction laborers and helpers is projected to grow 7 percent from 2023 to 2033, faster than the average for all occupations. About 154,900 openings for construction laborers and helpers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Laborers and Helpers
2024 Median Pay: $46,050 per year / $22.14 per hour
Entry-Level Education: None
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Short-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 1,599,800
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 7% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 119,400
HAMMERS AND NAILS AND A WHOLE LOT MORE!
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS
WHAT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS DO
Landscape architects design parks and other outdoor spaces.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Landscape architects spend much of their time in offices, creating designs, preparing models, and meeting with clients. They spend the rest of their time at jobsites.
HOW TO BECOME A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
All states require landscape architects to
LANDSCAPER
be licensed. Licensing requirements vary by state but usually include at least a bachelor’s degree in landscape architecture from an accredited school, internship experience, and passing the Landscape Architect Registration Examination.
PAY
The median annual wage for landscape architects was $79,660 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of landscape architects is projected to grow 5 percent from 2023
WHAT LANDSCAPERS AND GROUNDS
MAINTENANCE WORKERS DO
Grounds maintenance workers install and maintain landscapes, prune trees or shrubs, and do other tasks to ensure that vegetation is attractive, orderly, and safe.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Most grounds maintenance work is done outdoors in all weather conditions. Some work is seasonal, available mainly in the spring, summer, and fall. The work may be repetitive and physically demanding, requiring frequent
PAINTERS
WHAT PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE DO
Painters apply paint, stain, and coatings to walls and ceilings, buildings, large machinery and equipment, and bridges and other structures.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Painters work indoors and outdoors. Painting is physically demanding and requires a lot of bending, kneeling, reaching, and climbing. Those who paint bridges or buildings may
to 2033, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 2,100 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Landscape Architect
2024 Median Pay: $79,660 per year / $38.30 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Internship/residency Number of Jobs, 2023: 24,700 Job Outlook, 2023-33: 5% (as fast as average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 1,200
bending, kneeling, lifting, or shoveling.
HOW TO BECOME A LANDSCAPER AND GROUNDS
MAINTENANCE WORKER
Grounds maintenance workers typically do not need a formal educational credential and are trained on the job. States may require licensing for workers who apply pesticides and fertilizers.
PAY
The median yearly wage for landscapers and grounds maintenance workers was $38,470 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
work at extreme heights or in uncomfortable positions.
HOW TO BECOME A PAINTER, CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE
Painters typically learn their trade on the job. No formal education is typically required to enter the occupation.
PAY
The median annual wage of painters was $48,660 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of painters is projected to
PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS, AND STEAMFITTERS
WHAT PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS, AND STEAMFITTERS DO
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters install and repair piping fixtures and systems.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters work in factories, homes, businesses, and other places where there are pipes and related systems. Plumbers are often on call for emergencies, so evening and weekend work is common.
HOW TO BECOME A ROOFER
ROOFER
WHAT ROOFERS DO
Roofers replace, repair, and install the roofs of buildings.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Roofing work can be physically demanding. It involves heavy lifting, as well as climbing, bending, and kneeling, frequently in very hot weather. Overtime may be required to finish a job, especially during busier summer months.
Employment of landscapers and grounds maintenance workers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2023 to 2033, about as fast as the average for all occupations. About 176,600 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Landscaper
2024 Median Pay: $38,470 per year / $18.50 per hour
Entry-Level Education: None
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Short-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2023: 1,281,600
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 5% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2023-33: 65,200
grow 4 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 28,000 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Painters
2024 Median Pay: $48,660 per year/ $23.40 per hour
Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2023: 338,900 Job Outlook, 2023-33: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2023-33: 13,600
HOW TO BECOME A PLUMBER, PIPEFITTER, OR STEAMFITTER
Most plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters learn on the job through an apprenticeship. Some start out by attending a technical school. Most states require plumbers to have a license. PAY
The median annual wage of plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters was $62,970 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters is projected to grow 6 percent
There are typically no formal education requirements for roofers. Although most roofers learn on the job, some enter the occupation through an apprenticeship.
PAY
The median annual wage for roofers was $50,970 in May 2021.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of roofers is projected to grow 6 percent from 2023 to 2033, faster than the
from 2023 to 2033, faster than the average for all occupations. About 43,300 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
2024 Median Pay: $62,970 per year / $30.27 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship
Number of Jobs, 2023: 473,400
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 6% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 26,300
average for all occupations. About 13,600 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Roofer
2024 Median Pay: $50,970 per year / $24.51 per hour
Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training
Number of Jobs, 2023: 168,100
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 6% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 9,800
SAFETY SPECIALIST
WHAT SAFETY SPECIALISTS DO
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians collect data on and analyze many types of work environments and work procedures.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians work in a variety of indoor or outdoor settings, such as offices and factories or construction sites. Their jobs may involve considerable travel and fieldwork. Most work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week.
HOW TO BECOME A SAFETY SPECIALIST
Occupational health and safety specialists typically need a bachelor’s degree in occupational health and safety or a related field. Occupational health and safety technicians typically need at least a high school diploma to enter the occupation, and they receive training on the job.
PAY
The median annual wage for occupational health and safety specialists was $83,910 in May 2024. The median annual wage for occupational health and safety technicians was $58,440 in May 2024.
SHEET METAL WORKERS
WHAT SHEET METAL WORKERS DO
Sheet metal workers fabricate or install products that are made from thin metal sheets.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Sheet metal workers often lift heavy materials and stand for long periods of time. Those who install sheet metal must often bend, climb, and squat. Most work full time.
SIGN INSTALLERS/MAKERS/ERECTORS* (ELECTRICIAN)
WHAT SIGN INSTALLERS DO: Erect preassembled illuminated signs on buildings or other structures according to sketches, drawings or blueprints. Attaches poles to hang signs to buildings, rigs block and tackle, hoists signs into position, operates hydraulic boom, makes electrical connections to power source and tests sign for correct operation. May prewire signs, use welding equipment, use adhesives and/ or fabricate signs.
WORK ENVIRONMENT: The work is often done at heights and outdoors in all types of
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of safety specialists is projected to grow 14 percent from 2023 to 2033, about as fast as the average for all occupations. About 18,200 openings for occupational health and safety specialists and technicians are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Safety Specialist 2024 Median Pay: $78,900 per year / $37.93 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2023: 153,500 Job Outlook, 2023-33: 14% (much faster than average) Employment Change, 2023-33: 21,900
HOW TO BECOME A SHEET METAL WORKER
Sheet metal workers employed in construction typically learn their trade through an apprenticeship. Those employed in manufacturing typically learn on the job or at a technical school.
PAY
The median annual wage of sheet metal workers was $60,850 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of sheet metal workers is
weather. It can be physically strenuous and requires some lifting, climbing bending and working on ladders.
HOW TO BECOME A SIGN INSTALLER: High school graduate or GED. Although most electricians learn through a formal apprenticeship, some start out by attending a technical school. Most states require licensure. (Limited Journeyman Sign Electrician for sign installers/erectors).
PAY: The average hourly wage Area I Sign Installers JATC was $47.20, according to Oregon BOLI and Area 1 JATC information. The average hourly wage for Area 1 Central Sign Hangers was $36.50.
JOB OUTLOOK: Employment of electricians
SURVEYOR
WHAT SURVEYORS DO
Surveyors make precise measurements to determine property boundaries.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Surveying involves both fieldwork and indoor work. When working outside, surveyors may stand for long periods and often walk long distances, sometimes in bad weather. Most work full time.
WELDER
WHAT WELDERS, CUTTERS, SOLDERERS, AND BRAZERS DO
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers use hand-held or remotely controlled equipment to join, repair, or cut metal parts and products.
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers may work outdoors in all types of weather, or they may work indoors, sometimes in a confined area. Most work full time, and
projected to grow 2 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 11,500 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Sheet Metal Workers
2024 Median Pay: $60,850 per year / $29.26 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
in general is expected to grow 11 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 80,200 openings for electricians are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts**: Electricians (general)
Median Pay: $62,350 per year / $29.98 per hour (sign installers/erectors $47.20 in Oregon)
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2023: 779,800
Job Outlook, 2023-33: 11% (much faster than average)
Employment Change: 2023-33: 84,300
*Information provided by Area 1 JATC (Oregon) **Job outlook/quick facts based on U.S. BLS Electrician statistics
HOW TO BECOME A SURVEYOR
Surveyors typically need a bachelor’s degree. They must be licensed before they can certify legal documents and provide surveying services to the public.
PAY
The median annual wage for surveyors was $72,740 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of surveyors is projected to
some work more than 40 hours per week.
HOW TO BECOME A WELDER, CUTTER, SOLDERER, OR BRAZER
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers typically need a high school diploma or equivalent, combined with technical and on-the-job training, to enter the occupation.
PAY
The median annual wage for welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers was $51,000 in May 2024.
JOB OUTLOOK
grow 6 percent from 2023 to 2033, faster than the average for all occupations. About 4,000 openings for surveyors are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Surveyor
2024 Median Pay: $72,740 per year / $34.97 per hour
Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Internship/residency
Number of Jobs, 2023: 52,600
Job Outlook, 2023-2033: 6% (faster than average)
Employment Change, 2023-33: 3,100
Employment of welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2023 to 2033. About 45,800 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Quick Facts: Welder, cutter, solderer or brazer
2024 Median Pay: $51,000 per year / $24.52 per hour
Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None
On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training
