FIGURE 17 VASTUSHASTRA AND FENG SHUI

architectural space kinds have developed over time. Location significantly affects the emergence of cultural change since the anticipated behaviour patterns within a given environment reflect certain cultural norms. Every civilization that has a governance structure and an ideology guiding it has a unique set of goals and objectives. Culture's primary function is to express mental ideas by introducing concrete forms. The function of architecture in this transformation is critical.(Koirala, 2020)

The architectural styles that we see are only possible because of the numerous cultural systems that exist in society. Another aspect of culture is the design ideas that are considered when designing a certain space. Different design concepts can be found in the Hindu religion of the Indian subcontinent. Design criteria for Vaastupurushmandala, commonly known as "Vastushastra," are strictly followed to. These ideals were now only considered because of our religion's cultural norms and values. In China, the design process is based on "Feng Sui" and "Chi," which represent the magnetic field and sun light, respectively. Because Egyptians believed in life beyond death, the building form was designed to represent life after death. As a result, the range of design concepts listed above for constructing places is only possible due to differences in society's culture and identity. The employment of technology and materials in various cultural practises is the final notable characteristic of culture that has an impact on architecture. Only large stones were employed for construction during the Egyptian period. However, during the Roman era, concrete and cement were employed in construction. Timber, bamboo, stone, and mud architecture were prevalent during the Vedic period. Therefore, the type of material and techniques utilised were due to the cultural practises that took place in human society.

Figure 16 AGORA OF ANCIENT GREECE Figure 17 VASTUSHASTRA AND FENG SHUI

[Source- https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-freshperspectives/a582-how-does-culture-shape-architecture/] [Source- https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-freshperspectives/a582-how-does-culture-shape-architecture/]

Every step of the design process is influenced by culture. This is because any design that is envisioned to execute a desired function is either directly or indirectly derived from or synced with the user's cultural identity. This is the framework for our mental processes. It not only establishes the form's individual identity, but it also aids in the recall of past memories. Several examples of culture have been widely expressed through design and architecture. Dating back to the Egyptian civilization, the culture dictated that its members believe in life after death. Their architecture, which comprised enormous pyramids and burial temples, openly represented this idea. The true expression of the polytheistic cultural belief might be seen in the Pantheon in Rome. Greek assemblage practises gave rise to the idea of a "agora," or gathering place. Cultural influences have affected the way spaces in India have been designed over the years. The design of homes has been directly influenced by the cultural traditions prevalent at the time, not just in the areas of ritualistic and religious importance like mosques and temples. Architecture should be viewed as a public figure to reflect social culture and mental attitudes rather than being purely concerned with aesthetics.(Ettehad & Kari, 2014) Architecture forms that represent an aspect of nature or society may shed light on people's inner selves as well as their long-forgotten thoughts and feelings for their own history, past, or illustrious culture (religion, nation or ethnicity etc.). Architecture provides that component of society that acts as its mirror by accurately representing all the other parts that together make up society and the planet.