FIGURE 2 PYRAMIDS AT EGYPT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Architecture and culture are two subtle aspects that reflect a society's identity. The representation of culture in architecture helps to create or maintain identity in the current age of globalisation and internationalism. Additionally, it supports societal integrity. It is impossible to separate architecture from culture. Each community's identity is shaped in part by its architecture, which expresses the culture of that civilization. Cultural analysis is related to the study of cultural expressions, which include things like language, art, and architectural design in every society. Every society's culture is expressed through architecture, which combines structural, historical, political, economic, and social factors. Every nation strives to employ materials that reflect its people's customs and values while building architecture. The most significant impact on architecture is a result of shifting social and cultural norms in localities. As a result, it appears that culture plays a crucial part in fostering architectural identity. Culture is crucial in not only providing society its identity but also in resurrecting memories of the past in order to bring cultural worth to the latter.

One of the most significant qualities of any nation and historical period is its art and architecture, which constantly depict the environment in which people live. As a result, architecture based on current culture and tradition, rather than those from the past, is always an architecture with an identity that goes with us. Culture is one of the most important factors in determining the function of architecture or place. A space's placement, the size needed for that function, and the manner it relates are all determined by the fundamental cultural importance for which it is being constructed. Given how closely related space and culture are, it is challenging to study space without understanding culture. Space is developed first based on particular cultural necessities, and it may later impact some modifications in the existing culture.

For example, the Egyptian civilisation believed in life after death, which led to the construction of massive pyramids and mortuary temples that have become the identity of the country. The Pantheon was built in Rome as a result of their cultural belief in polytheism.

Figure 1 Prakara, and upapitha of a South Indian temple Figure 2 Pyramids at Egypt

[Source- https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-freshperspectives/a582-how-does-culture-shape-architecture/] [Source- https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-freshperspectives/a582-how-does-culture-shape-architecture/]

This may also be observed in South India's old temples. To fulfil the Hindu people's custom of travelling around the idol, they have a prakara, a circumambulatory path around the major deity. The dances in front of the temples served the objective of communicating religious beliefs. The requirement for this section of the wall to be clearly delineated stems from the culture of telling stories through stories written on this section. If the architect is unaware of these realities, a temple that does not serve these aims will be created, therefore negating the temple's purpose as a learning venue. They are built to such large heights that they are visible from great distances, in order to remind all those who live in the vicinity of the gods.

These popular examples prove that architecture serves as a framework for cultural beliefs and situations. People built their thinking processes according to their own way of life. Architecture does not deviate from culture, but rather it adapts and blends into layers of belief and abstraction. Cities and countries around the world have been shaped with different cultural influences from place to place. Culture is still important in today's world. Despite the great influence of westernisation on Indian architecture, local culture continues to inspire architects to build by combining features from both worlds. Culture always establishes itself in design, regardless of time and geography, and there is no architecture without culture. Our culture focuses on getting the most out of the building. Create a build environment that does more at less cost and lasts its usefulness. In contrast to certain stylish façades, culture now means purposeful thinking and lifestyle.

1.1 SYNOPSIS

Every day, the culture is fading away due to a lack of coordination and holistic organisational structures. A creative area for artists, students, and locals must be provided as soon as possible to reinvigorate the experience of the relevance of culture in this region of South India. The availability of local resources, home structures, ethnic equipment, and ethnic adornments that will be incorporated in the construction that will be erected will all be studied in order to find a solution. Designed with the needs of the hour in mind, such a design will aid in the development of the region's character, thus enhancing the forgotten art. The building's unity and integrity are based on the culture and region's identity, allowing it to keep its individuality. Modern architecture ignores the intricate socio-cultural traits of people and locations, concentrating primarily on the utilisation of different structures, materials, forms, and colour palettes. Architecture requires a cultural identity since it reflects a public person.

1.1.1 NEED OF THE STUDY

The fact that architecture acts as a vehicle for expressing culture and civilisation helps to justify the study's goal. Instead of being only aesthetic, the structures and buildings should have significance for the occupants and a sense of belonging to them. The basic purpose of architecture has been lost as a result of the globalisation that has produced a range of skylines that are quite similar in many cities and countries. In order to create a cultural identity, it is necessary to examine intangible aspects of culture and redefine them via the physical form of architecture.

1.1.2 AIM:

To study the cultural identity and its emphasis on traditional architecture in South Indian context.

1.1.3 OBJECTIVES:

• To study the relationship between culture and architecture • To understand the factors which evoke the need to merge culture and architecture • To analyze and interpret the relation between Climate-Culture-Architecture. • To implement the above learnings in framing guidelines while designing a building.

1.1.4 SCOPE:

• The scope of the study is to define the conceptual relationship between Architecture and cultural values. • To understand and study different parameters that influence the architecture of the society and various methods of cultural representation in the Southern part of India. • To study different building materials and architectural elements which are cultural.

1.1.5 LIMITATIONS:

• The study will be based on culture of South India & hot & humid climate. • The study is restricted to residential built forms and spaces.

1.1.6 METHODOLOGY

1.1.7 CASE STUDIES

Traditional Houses at Ameerbad, Chalki, Cheekurthi of North Karnataka and Traditional Houses at Peecharagadi & Rajnelli of Telangana.