VvKzievwoi c‡iB †h-cwievi wkï-mvwnZ¨ Z_v wkï-bvUK‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z AMÖYx f‚wgKv wb‡q‡Q †mwU n‡jv gïqvi ivq‡PŠayix cwievi| G-cÖm‡½ D‡jøL¨ bvg, myKzgvi ivq| wKš‘ Zuvi GB cÖqv‡m whwb im` RywM‡qwQ‡jb wZwb n‡jb D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix, Zuvi wcZv, whwb ¯^gwngvq wkï g‡bviv‡R¨ weivR K‡iwQ‡jb| fzeb‡gvnb ivq-m¤úvw`Z mv_x cwÎKvq D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii †ePvivg-†Kbvivg bv‡g GKwU mwPÎ bvwUKv cÖKvwkZ nq (1833 wLªóv‡ã)| ZuviB Aby‡cÖiYvq wkï-mvwn‡Z¨i RM‡Z cv †i‡LwQ‡jb myKzgvi ivq| †QvU‡`i bvU¨RM‡Z Av‡jvob-m„wóKvix GK bvg| cÖ_g bvUK ivgabea iwPZ nq 1905 mv‡j| e½f‡½i Avg‡j †jLv bvUK| †hLv‡b fviZwe‡Ølx GK Bs‡iR mv‡ne Kxfv‡e cvovi †Q‡j‡`i Kv‡Q Rã nj ZvB ejv n‡q‡Q| Gi c‡ii NUbv †Zv Avgv‡`i meviB Rvbv| cieZx© wkï-bvUK¸‡jv nj Svjvcvjv (1909), j²‡Yi kw³‡kj (1909), AevK Rjcvb (1921) BZ¨vw`| myKzgvi iv‡qi bvUK bb‡mÝ mvwnZ¨iƒ‡c mvaviYZ cwiwPZ| wZwb wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb Ñ Ôeje hv †gvi wP‡Ë jv‡M/ bvB ev Zvi A_© †nvK/ bvB ev eySzK †eevK †jvK|Õ wKš‘ Zuvi me iPbvB †h wbZvšÍ A_©nxb ev ÔAv‡evjZv‡evjÕ Zv wKš‘ bq| Zuvi mvwn‡Z¨i g~j j²Y wKš‘ mgvRgywLZv| Zuvi bvU¨mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K©I G-K_v mZ¨| bvU¨mvwn‡Z¨ jxjv gRyg`vi GK Awe¯§iYxq bvg| wkïbv‡U¨i MwZ‡K Zuvi bvUK Av‡iv †eMevb K‡i Zz‡jwQj| jxjv gRyg`v‡ii j¼v `nb cvjv, eKea cvjv, evjx myMÖxe K_b wkï-bvUK wn‡m‡e P‚ovšÍfv‡e mdj| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZx©Kv‡j 1963 mv‡j cwðge‡½i `ywU wkï-bvUK AvKv‡`wg cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i| Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU jxjv gRyg`v‡ii eKea cvjv| Ab¨wU ˆk‡jb †Nv‡li AiæY-eiæY-wKiYgvjv|6 evsjv wkï I wK‡kvi bvU¨ mvwn‡Z¨i RM‡Z †h-c_ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_, †mB c_‡KB Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Ávb`vbw›`bx †`ex, gïqvi ivq‡PŠayix cwiev‡ii D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq‡PŠayix, myKzgvi ivq, jxjv gRyg`vi cÖgyL QvovI my›`i K‡i M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb Ggb K‡qKRb mvwnwZ¨K cÖwZgyn~‡Z© ¯§iY‡hvM¨| wb‡gœ wKQy bvU‡Ki GKwU mswÿß I wbe©vwPZ ZvwjKv D‡jøL Kivi †Póv n‡jv| we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wbe©vwPZ bvU¨Kvi I bvUK¸‡jv Ñ bvU¨Kvi gb¥v_ ivq eyׇ`e emy mywbg©j emy myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© wkeivg PµeZx© wegj †Nvl bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq bx‡i›`ª ¸ß †gvwnZ P‡Ævcva¨vq ˆk‡jb †Nvl mybxj Rvbv ¯^cb ey‡ov wbg©‡j›`y †MŠZg g‡bvR wgÎ ï‡f›`y gvBwZ
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wkï-bvUK giv nvwZ jvL UvKv av‡i wewµ †bB Avb›`bvWz Awfhvb cwÐZ we`vq hviv gvbyl bq fvov‡U PvB †Q‡j‡ejv f‚Z wcjwcwj mv‡n‡ei Uzwc ney Meyi cvjv ˆekvLx c~wY©gv †mB eBwU ivRvi †c‡U cÖRvi wc‡V hv`yi Zzwj
e‡ib M‡½vcva¨vq iæ`ªcÖmv` PµeZx© nijvj ea©b mgxi P‡Ævcva¨vq weRq †`e weavqK fÆvPvh© Abœ`vk¼i ivq nx‡ib P‡Ævcva¨vq Abycg `Ë AvwkmKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq AwRZK…ò emy †mŠwgÎ emy wcbvKx ¸n
wns wUs QU cÖwgw_Dm e›`x n‡jb cyZz‡ji we‡q A¼gvjvi †`‡k wmsn I †gl kveK gnvc~Rv Rbie cyZzj †mvbvi †Luv‡R R‡ji Zjvq nvwmi jovB †nvwgIc¨vw_ njai †Xvi gyowKi nuvwo fv‡jv Kv‡Ri cvjv
wkï-bvUK wkï-wkÿvi Ab¨Zg gva¨g| ZvB ïay cwðge½ bq, c„w_exi me©Î wkï-bvUK wb‡q KvR n‡”Q Ges GKvwaK wkï-bvUK iwPZ n‡”Q| Zv wb‡q Pj‡Q cixÿv-wbixÿv, GgbwK bvU‡K wkï-wkÿvi welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ Abyfe K‡i wkï-bvUK‡K Avewk¨K cvV¨ welq Kivi `vwe D‡V‡Q| evsjv‡`k I c„w_exi K‡qKwU †`‡ki bvU‡Ki GKwU wbe©vwPZ I mswÿß ZvwjKv GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ
†jL‡Ki bvg
bvU‡Ki bvg
†`k
RyevB`v ¸jkvb Aviv wbSzg Øx‡ci MíK_v evsjv‡`k iweDj Avjg AvKvk cv‡oi AvMš‘K evsjv‡`k iwdKzj nK eB eB nBPB evsjv‡`k dRj-G-†Lv`v bvUK bvUK evsjv‡`k †eMg ggZvR †nv‡mb Auvavi iv‡R¨i ivRv evsjv‡`k cÖ`xc †`IqvbRx gb fv‡jv Pkgv evsjv‡`k ggZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` Ziæ‡K wb‡q bvUK evsjv‡`k †MÖM g¨vKvU nvZ evov‡jB eÜz (Abyev`) A‡÷ªwjqv wc. AvKswLg& Pv‡ji wc‡V (Abyev`) eªþ‡`k evIwj †QvÆ fvjøyK Avi wZb m½x Pxb ni‡Rvbv DB‡ivm‡qZ…ò (Abyev`) B‡›`v‡bwkqv e‡nivR Mixecyi Nywo (Abyev`) Bivb wgwPI Kv‡Zv hLbKvi hv (Abyev`) Rvcvb †nivbx BmgvBj myKx †Kgb Rã (Abyev`) gvj‡qwkqv wke AwaKvix GKwU K”Qc I Zvi euvkx †bcvj †i‡b I wfjvby‡qev (Abyev`) wdwjwcÝ B Bqs Ryb wK‡kvi wm×v_© (Abyev`) wicvewjK Ae †Kvwiqv †Rwm DB `yB dwos (Abyev`) wm½vcyi jxjv GKbv‡qK grm¨ ivRvi AvRe ¯^cœ kÖxjsKv _vbwUKvZvàvw`Z (Abyev`) _vBj¨vÛ Ab¨ MÖ‡ni gvwYK †Rvo (Abyev`) AvjKvZivi cyZj (Abyev`) Qvqv I Kvqv (Abyev`) wkïiv hv‡Z bvU‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q wkÿvjvf Ki‡Z cv‡i †m-e¨vcv‡i