Unplanned Urban Sprawl

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

THE AWARENESS OF ALL PEOPLE IS NEEDED TO REBUILD NATURE WHILE WE PROGRESS AND MOVE FORWARD TO THE MODERNIZATION OF OUR URBAN ECOSYSTEM ALL LIFE FORM MATTER, EVERYONE NEEDS SPACE, A WELL PLANNED SPACE THAT GIVES THEM A SENSE OF SECURITY AND COMFORT

URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

WHAT IS

URBAN SPRAWL? Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of poorly planned, low-density, auto-dependent development, which spreads out over large amounts of land, putting long distances between homes, stores, and work and creating a high segregation between residential and commercial uses with harmful impacts on the people living in these areas and the ecosystems and wildlife that have been displaced.

SOURCE: Everything Connects. (2014). Urban Sprawl. [online] Available at: https://www.everythingconnects.org/urban-sprawl.html.

URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

URBAN SPRAWL URBAN S

SOURCE: Top – Sebastian Herrmann on UNSplash Bottom - Iris Gonzales (The Philippine Star)

URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

SOURCE: manila mega city. (n.d.). Analysis. [online] Available at: https://mattnblairsmegacityprojectmanila.weebly.com/analysis.html [Accessed 4 Jan. 2022].

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

THE UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL IS LINKED TO:

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES (AIR, WATER, & SOIL)

DESTRUCTION OF ECOSYSTEM AND EXTINCTION OF WILDLIFE

SOURCE: HABITAT III: THE PHILIPPINES’ ANNUAL REPORT | OCTOBER 2016 URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Process or a situation of depreciation in quantity and/or quality of the resources of the environment such as air, water resources, mineral resources, land, flora and fauna, as a result of harsh climatic factors, pollution and/or unsustainable exploitation by man.

MANILA BAY 2019

PAYATAS 2017

AERIAL VIEW METRO MANILA AIR POLLUTION

IMAGES SOURCE: FROM LEFT – The STAR/KJ Rosales, Akira Kodaka, Nikkei Staff Photographer, & nrcp.dost.gov.ph SOURCE: ACCORD. (n.d.). Environmental Degradation, Livelihood and Conflicts. [online] Available at: https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/environmental-degradation-livelihood-and-conflicts/.

URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL EFFECT

CAUSE

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

UNPLANNED = PROBLEM

THE UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL MAY ALSO LEAD TO OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

QUIRINO HILL, BAGUIO CITY 2020

MANILA SLUMS 2017

MANILA BAY INFORMAL SETTLERS 2019

EDSA TRAFFIC CONGESTION

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – LUIVELASCO, BERNHARD LANG, ROMINA CABRERA, & NOEL CELIS URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION NCR POPULATION FROM 2000 TO 2020 • • • •

2000 2010 2015 2020

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9,932,560 11,855,975 12,877,253 13,484,462

The population of NCR increased by 0.97 percent annually from 2015 to 2020. By comparison, the rate at which the population of the region grew from 2010 to 2015 was higher at 1.58 percent.

People wearing face shields and masks amid the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic visit a popular shopping market hours before Christmas eve in Manila on December 24, 2020.

IMAGE SOURCE: Philstar.com SOURCE: psa.gov.ph URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION • Increased risk for communicable diseases (e.g., respiratory infections, skin diseases and illnesses thru fecal-oral route) • Lack of privacy leading to depression, stress and anxiety

RESPIRATORY INFECTION

SKIN SISEASES

ILLNESSES THRU FECAL-ORAL ROUTE

DEPRESSION, STRESS, AND ANXIETY

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT - LHPRIME.COM, DR. GARY MORRIS, SUSANA SECRETARIAT FLICKR, & REMATE.PH SOURCE: WHO 2021, cited by FRCParo, 2021 URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

A boy collecting water in an urban poor community around Phnom Penh, Cambodia

A community health volunteer visiting urban poor families

Mothers waiting in a crowded health center to get their children vaccinated

CONDITION

CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR SOURCE: UNICEF.ORG | UNICEF EAST ASIA & PACIFIC URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

People living in urban slums where floor space is limited, tend to have high infectious disease transmission rates and poor morbidity and mortality indicators resulting in poor outcomes (Blessing, 2016)

San Roque, shown on April 4, is home to roughly 35,000 people, probably more.

CONDITION

CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR IMAGE SOURCE: THE NEWYORK TIMES URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

Under pandemic situations, social distancing and self -isolation are impossible and residents are often forced to leave their abode to earn their daily living (Seidlein, et.al, 2021)

Physical distancing is essentially impossible for residents of densely packed shanties.

CONDITION

CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR IMAGE SOURCE: THE NEWYORK TIMES URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

EFFECTS OF UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL PART 4:

URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT the observed higher temperature that cities or urban areas experience compared to the surrounding rural areas Causes heatstroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, and heat cramps

SOURCE: Paro, F, 2021 URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

RECOMMENDATION URBAN GREEN SPACES AND OPEN SPACES NEEDS TO BE AN INTEGRAL PART OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN ALL URBAN PLANS IN ORDER TO REVITALIZE THE ENVIRONMENT, REPLENISH THE HABITAT OF WILDLIFE SPECIES, AND HELP SEQUESTER CARBON DIOXIDE, THE CAUSE OF GLOBAL WARMING IN AN UNPLANNED SPRAWLING URBAN AREA

TERRA 28TH PARK

SALCEDO PARK MAKATI

LA MESA ECOPARK

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – SKYSCANNER.PH, BONIFACIO GLOBAL CITY FACEBOOK, & ILOVEQC.COM URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

Metro Manila URBAN GREEN SPACES IMAGES OF CURRENT OPEN SPACES AND GREEN SPACES IN PHILIPPINES’ URBAN CENTER

URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

Metro Manila URBAN GREEN SPACES (RAVE – PASIG CITY)

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – IRONWULF.NET, PH.POLOMAP.COM, RAVE.PASIGCITY.GOV.PH, URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

Metro Manila URBAN GREEN SPACES (LA MESA ECOPARK – QUEZON CITY)

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – VIGATTINTOURISM.COM, JARED CALIMA, & PRIMER.COM.PH URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

Metro Manila URBAN GREEN SPACES (GREENBELT - MAKATI)

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – TRIPADVISOR.COM, YELLOW-PAGES PHILIPPINES, &BENNITTDESIGN.COM URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

Metro Manila URBAN GREEN SPACES (AYALA TRIANGLE - MAKATI)

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – DARIUS AT FLICKR, ERISGOESTO.COM, & KENNETH M DEL ROSARIO URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

KEY TAKEAWAYS LET US FIX OUR MINDSETS IN ORDER TO REPLENISH NATURE. THE FUTURE DEPENDS ON EVERY ACTION THAT WE PERFORM IN THE CURRENT TIME.

WE HAVE TO CREATE A BETTER DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM IN AN UNCONTROLLABLE SPRAWLING URBAN CENTERS. WE ARE NOW FACING CLIMATE CHANGE BECAUSE OF OUR OWN NEGLIGENCE. OUR YOUNGER GENERATION NEEDS TO BE EDUCATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES BECAUSE FEW YEARS FROM NOW, THEY WILL GROW AS VISIONARY LEADERS AND OUTSTANDING IMPLEMENTORS OF PLANS THAT AIMS TO PROVIDE POSITIVE CHANGES TO OUR NATION.

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – DARIUS AT FLICKR, ERISGOESTO.COM, & KENNETH M DEL ROSARIO URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

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UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

REFERENCES • ACCORD. (n.d.). Environmental Degradation, Livelihood and Conflicts. [online] Available at: https://www.accord.org.za/ajcr-issues/environmental-degradationlivelihood-and-conflicts/.

• Everything Connects. (2014). Urban Sprawl. [online] Available at: https://www.everythingconnects.org/urban-sprawl.html.

• Habitat III: The Philippine National Report: UN-habitat. UN. Available at: https://unhabitat.org/habitat-iii-the-philippine-national-report • Highlights of the National Capital Region (NCR) population ... Available at: https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-national-capital-region-ncr-population-2020census-population-and-housing-2020 • manila mega city. (n.d.). Analysis. [online] Available at: https://mattnblairsmegacityprojectmanila.weebly.com/analysis.html • Paro, F.R. (2021). I NEED SPACE: Why Urban Planning and Health matters.

• UNICEF East Asia & Pacific. (2018). Reaching the urban poor in East Asia and the Pacific. [online] Available at: https://blogs.unicef.org/east-asiapacific/reaching-urban-poor/

IMAGE SOURCE: FROM LEFT – DARIUS AT FLICKR, ERISGOESTO.COM, & KENNETH M DEL ROSARIO URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES

DIGITAL ARTIFACT

UNPLANNED URBAN SPRAWL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES - URBAN DESIGN STUDIO LAB - AR. BRYLL EDISON PAR

THE AWARENESS OF ALL PEOPLE IS NEEDED TO REBUILD NATURE WHILE WE PROGRESS AND MOVE FORWARD TO THE MODERNIZATION OF OUR URBAN ECOSYSTEM ALL LIFE FORM MATTER, EVERYONE NEEDS SPACE, A WELL PLANNED SPACE THAT GIVES THEM A SENSE OF SECURITY AND COMFORT

URBAN SPRAWL

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OVERCROWDING AND CONGESTION

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CROWDING IN THE URBAN POOR

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URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

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URBAN GREEN SPACES