Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA's elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Emerging Research Category

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

01

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

Urban Link “An endless number of green buildings doesn’t make a sustainable city” - Jan Gehl, Danish Architect (Pedestrian and cyclist movement in the cities)

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

02

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Keywords

mobility

urban link

elevated walkway

assembly inspection

pedestrian decision making

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

03

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

Background The Covid-19 pandemic seems to have greatly affected the pedestrians’ behavior, such as in the way people navigate the urban spaces, which in some way bears on the effectiveness of the urban links provided for mobility. The elevated walkway is one significant example of these urban links, although it does not get much of the attention received by the ground level walking facilities. Designers and users appear to have gaps in understanding the effectiveness level of the walkways in terms of its compliance to pedestrian needs and wants at different hours of the day and in various weather condition. Further, due to this insufficiency of information, people can only assume the real scores in the performance of these walkways, leading to wrong impressions.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

04

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

Problem Statement

This paper seeks to examine the effectiveness of the existing elevated walkway facilities along the study area, Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue (EDSA), a major thoroughfare in the heart of Metropolitan Manila. The study will look into the existing conditions of the walkways and determine if users’ needs are being met in view of the impacts made by the Covid-19 pandemic. It also seeks to identify factors which bear on pedestrian choices, such as user's needs in the elevated walkway facilities at various hours of the day in different weather conditions, and impacts on pedestrian choices and overall well-being, among others.

The author argues that body of knowledge that will be organized in this study can be used as basis for designers in formulating a more holistic and ideal approach to design, particularly of future elevated walkway facilities, or elevated mobility machines in the Philippine cities and the emerging urban centers. Finally, the study aims to formulate a framework or mechanism for assessing the performance of urban links.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

05

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

Research Sub-questions • What is the existing condition of the elevated walkways in the metropolis? And how did the pandemic affect the users’ behavior that will likely bear on how the elevated urban links perform during use and as part of urban aesthetics?

• What are the factors which bear on pedestrian choices, such as user's needs in the elevated walkway facilities at various hours of the day in different weather conditions?

• Based on the results of this study, what can be used as basis for designers in formulating a more holistic and ideal approach to design, particularly of future elevated walkway facilities, or elevated mobility machines in the Philippine cities and the emerging urban centers?

• What essential “elements” shall be considered and adopted for the formulation of metrics that will help assess the performance of elevated walkways in view of the impacts made by the Covid-19 pandemic vis a vis the users’ needs?

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

06

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

Significance of the Study

The body of knowledge that will be organized in this study can be used as basis for designers in formulating a more holistic and ideal approach to design, particularly of future elevated walkway facilities, or elevated mobility machines in the Philippine cities and the emerging urban centers.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

07

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

Scope and Delimitations This paper is limited to the examination of the effectiveness of the existing elevated walkway facilities along the study area, Epifanio De Los Santos Avenue (EDSA), a major thoroughfare in the heart of Metropolitan Manila. It will look into the existing conditions of the walkways and determine if users’ needs are being met in view of the impacts made by the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is also limited to identifying the factors which bear on pedestrian choices, such as user's needs in the elevated walkway facilities at various hours of the day in different weather conditions, and impacts on pedestrian choices and overall well-being, among others. Lastly, the study is limited to testing the efficiency of the newly constructed elevated walkways covered by the covid-19 years for the stand-alone walkways, and an elevated walkway associated with an MRT station.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

08

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Perspectives |

Methods |

Tools | Mock Findings |

Sample Survey Questionnaires

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

09

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Methodology

- Primary and secondary data collection will be done for this research project. Mixed method will be used.

Perspectives

Qualitative

Quantitative Methods

Documentation/Desk

Observation

Survey

Focus Group Discussion

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

10

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Methods # 1

Tools Review of Documents

Data Source and Target Sources / Respondents •

Target tentative

•

Related literatures and studies from peer reviewed journal articles and reliable sources.

Relevant policies.

2

Ethnography

•

Location, built environment , and pedestrian behavior

tentative

3

SQ 001

•

Pedestrian Decision Making (Rush hour – morning, midday, evening, midnight),(Different Weather condition),(Covid-19 scenario)

tentative

4

SV 001

•

Pedestrian Needs and Wants

200 users

5

SV 002

•

Pedestrian Needs Hierarchy

200 users

6

FGD 001

•

Team of the MMDA and MRT management

2

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

11

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Review of Related Documents

Author & Date

Article

Description

Conolly, C., Keil, R., Harris Ali, S. (2020)

Extended urbanization and the spatialities of infectious diseases: Demographic change, infrastructure and governance

Population movement and transportation infrastructure that increase inter and intra urban connectivity, are considered as key factors contributing to the spread of infectious diseases and their role in previous diseases outbreak has been documented.

Abdullah, M., Dias, C., Muley, D., & Shahin, M. (2020)

Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on travel behavior and mode preferences

The pandemic situation greatly affected the health security of the walkers and their travel behavior.

Mateo-Babiano, I. (2016)

Pedestrian’s needs matter: Examining Manila’s walking environment

Pedestrian needs assessment is essential to understand the hierarchy of pedestrian needs. It will help understand the primary factors that may influence the pedestrians to use a particular walkway facility.

Gerike, R., Koszowski, C., Schroter, B., Buehler, R., Schepers, P., Weber, J., Witter, R., & Jones, P. (2021)

Built environment determinants of pedestrian activities and their consideration in urban street design

Establishes the need to understand the value of any governing guidelines involving the basic designs of pedestrian facilities

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

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University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Review of Related Documents

Author & Date

Article

Description

Wu, Y., & Li, H. (2022)

Signalling security: An observational and game theory approach to inter-pedestrian psychology

Pedestrian anxiety also exists at different times, especially at night, with many risks arising due to this security issue.

Talen, E. (2010)

Pedestrian access as a measure of urban quality

Pedestrian access could be a measure of urban quality.

Sarkar, S. (1993)

Determination of service levels for pedestrians, with European examples

Safety, security, convenience and comfort, continuity, system coherence, and attractiveness are named by Sarkar (1993) as the essential service-level descriptions for walkways.

Mateo-Babiano, I. (2016)

Pedestrian’s needs matter: Examining Manila’s walking environment

In the national level survey that she executed, 62% of the survey respondents distinguished that “danger from motorists” at the ground level is the leading reason why pedestrians feel unsafe in walking, thus making the elevated walkways a more convenient and timelier alternative to ground level walking facilities.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

13

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Study Area (Background)

Epifanio Delos Santos Avenue (EDSA) A major thoroughfare in the heart of Metropolitan Manila

Number of elevated walkways in EDSA - 2013

Elevated Walkway Type

Configuration

Elevated Walkway Count

1

Stand alone (used for crossing the avenue)

9

2

Associated with MRT Stations

15

Mock Findings Location and Built Environment Source: Bouquet (2013). Battling congestion in Manila Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

14

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Study Area (Background)

Epifanio Delos Santos Avenue (EDSA) A major thoroughfare in the heart of Metropolitan Manila

Number of elevated walkways in EDSA - 2021

Elevated Walkway Type

Configuration

Elevated Walkway Count

1

Stand alone (used for crossing the avenue)

38

2

Associated with MRT Stations

15 + 1 (1 = Under Construction Common Station)

Mock Findings Location and Built Environment Note: 2017 to 2021 (six new elevated walkways are constructed by the Metro Manila Development Authority) Source: MMDA via foi.gov.ph

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

15

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Background 15 Elevated walkways associated with MRT Stations

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Taft Avenue Station Magallanes Station Ayala Station Buendia Station Guadalupe Station Boni Ave. Station Shaw Boulevard Station Ortigas Station Santolan-anapolis station Araneta Center-Cubao Station Kamuning Station Quezon Avenue Station North Avenue Station Roosevelt Station Balintawak Station

Mock Findings Location and Built Environment Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

16

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Background 2017 to 2021 Newly Constructed Elevated walkways by MMDA Locations and year of completion

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Along Timog Ave. corner EDSA, Quezon City, (2017) NIA, Quezon City, (2018) EDSA Extension, Pasay City, (2019) Along East Avenue, Quezon City, (2020) Near Nepa Q-Mart, Quezon City, (2020) Along Buendia, Makati City, (2021)

Note: Buendia is newly constructed as part of EDSA – Carousel operation started last November 2021

Mock Findings Location and Built Environment Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

17

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

EDSA Extension in front of Toyota Pasay (2019) – 60 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

1

18

63

12

15

80

2

50

123

13

18

65

3

26

70

14

18

65

4

27

60

15

32

82

5

35

75

16

30

71

6

44

74

17

26

90

7

17

80

18

60

150

8

12

64

19

46

88

9

32

73

20

49

88

10

22

90

21

65

180

11

21

90

22

70

182

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

18

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

EDSA Extension in front of Toyota Pasay (2019) – 60 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

23

24

89

34

69

150

24

23

80

35

20

93

25

23

62

36

35

68

26

26

60

37

52

122

27

32

86

38

56

130

28

41

92

39

37

90

29

40

78

40

28

77

30

18

73

31

14

81

32

14

82

33

14

82

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

19

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings EDSA Extension in front of Toyota Pasay (2019) – 60 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration)

Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Y = 40.4 +1.53 X For every increase in age, travel time will increase by 1.53 seconds in the 60 meters long elevated walkway located in EDSA Extension in front of Toyota Pasay

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

20

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Elevated walkway along EDSA –East Avenue (2020) 126.65 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

1

22

182

12

34

197

2

34

190

13

25

180

3

43

195

14

28

181

4

33

188

15

29

196

5

12

195

16

17

184

6

12

195

17

16

184

7

17

185

18

14

184

8

15

180

19

35

199

9

14

182

20

30

200

10

13

199

21

29

200

11

52

244

22

66

274

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

21

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Elevated walkway along EDSA –East Avenue (2020) 126.65 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

23

18

181

34

84

372

24

18

182

35

43

371

25

18

182

36

40

183

26

87

313

37

19

188

27

23

190

38

20

188

28

23

190

39

21

188

29

21

191

40

38

197

30

37

197

31

56

295

32

42

210

33

36

200

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

22

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Elevated walkway along EDSA –East Avenue (2020) 126.65 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration)

Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Y = 143 + 2.12 X For every increase in age, travel time will increase by 2.12 seconds in the 126.65 meters long elevated walkway located along EDSA East Avenue.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

23

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Elevated walkway along EDSA – Near Nepa Q Mart (2020) 49 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

1

15

120

12

28

150

2

15

122

13

29

122

3

17

122

14

32

121

4

18

130

15

32

130

5

18

130

16

32

146

6

21

122

17

35

148

7

22

120

18

36

147

8

22

125

19

40

156

9

24

140

20

43

128

10

25

132

21

43

160

11

26

134

22

45

182

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

24

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Elevated walkway along EDSA – Near Nepa Q Mart (2020) 49 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

23

45

154

34

55

250

24

46

155

35

57

243

25

47

121

36

57

244

26

48

182

37

60

244

27

48

165

38

60

220

28

49

165

39

65

278

29

49

180

40

70

301

30

50

180

31

52

172

32

53

200

33

53

188

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

25

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Elevated walkway along EDSA – Near Nepa Q Mart (2020) 49 mts long (Stand Alone Configuration)

Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Y = 59.7 + 2.68 X For every increase in age, travel time will increase by 2.68 seconds in the 49 meters long elevated walkway located along EDSA near Nepa Q Mart.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

26

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Elevated walkway Magallanes - 70 mts long (Associated with MRT Station Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

1

14

240

12

24

262

2

15

240

13

26

244

3

16

245

14

26

245

4

17

250

15

28

241

5

17

243

16

28

265

6

18

244

17

29

266

7

20

260

18

30

265

8

20

254

19

31

270

9

20

234

20

35

282

10

23

224

21

35

286

11

23

256

22

36

240

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

27

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Elevated walkway Magallanes - 70 mts long (Associated with MRT Station Configuration) Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

Pedestrian ID

Age

Travel Time (seconds)

23

37

240

34

47

310

24

38

244

35

49

300

25

39

254

36

50

301

26

40

288

37

54

333

27

40

300

38

56

324

28

41

247

39

58

370

29

42

249

40

59

354

30

42

259

31

44

265

32

44

275

33

45

277

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

28

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Mock Findings Elevated walkway Magallanes - 70 mts long (Associated with MRT Station Configuration)

Pedestrian Behavior Using Linear Regression Tool

Y = 200 + 2.04 X For every increase in age, travel time will increase by 2.04 seconds in the 70 meters long elevated walkway located at MRT Magallanes Station.

Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

29

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Survey Questionnaire 001 Sample Questions (Pedestrian Decision Making) Note: Participants will be categorized as regular citizens, pregnant women, elderly, and persons with disability. The context will be tested according to two; dry season (December to May) and rainy season (June to November).

• • •

•

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how often do you use the specified elevated walkway from 6:00 AM to 11:00 AM in a month?

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how often do you use the specified elevated walkway from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM in a month?

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how often do you use the specified elevated walkway from 5:00 PM to 9:00 PM in a month?

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how often do you use the specified elevated walkway from 10:00 PM to 5:00 AM in a month?

Source: Pagasa.doest.gov.ph. (2022) The Seasons Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

30

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Survey Questionnaire 001 Sample Questions (Pedestrian Decision Making) Note: Participants will be categorized as regular citizens, pregnant women, elderly, and persons with disability. The context will be tested according to two; dry season (December to May) and rainy season (June to November).

• •

• •

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how likely would you consider using the specified elevated walkway and not commit jaywalking from 6:00 AM to 11:00 AM? On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how likely would you consider using the specified elevated walkway and not commit jaywalking from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM? On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how likely would you consider using the specified elevated walkway and not commit jaywalking from 5:00 PM to 9:00 PM? On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how likely would you consider using the specified elevated walkway and not commit jaywalking from 10:00 PM to 5:00 AM?

Source: Pagasa.doest.gov.ph. (2022) The Seasons Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

31

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Survey Questionnaire 001 Sample Questions (Pedestrian Decision Making) Note: Participants will be categorized as regular citizens, pregnant women, elderly, and persons with disability. The context will be tested according to two; dry season (December to May) and rainy season (June to November).

• •

• • •

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how satisfied are you with the current configuration of the specified elevated walkway?

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, does climbing the elevated walkway discourage you from using the specified facility?

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, does the specified elevated walkway provide sufficient width for the users to perform social distancing during the covid-19 days?

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, how would you rate your feeling when walking on the specified elevated walkway?

On a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the highest, does the specified elevated walkway contribute to your anxiety and security issues?

Source: Pagasa.doest.gov.ph. (2022) The Seasons Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

32

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Survey 001 Sample Questions (Pedestrian Needs and Wants) Note: Participants will be categorized as regular citizens, pregnant women, elderly, and persons with disability. The context will be tested according to two; dry season (December to May) and rainy season (June to November). SV 002 will be developed from the results of SV 001.

• On the list provided below, kindly check all considerations that you think might improve your walking experience in the specified elevated walkway using the space provided for the needs and rate your selections from 1 to 10 according to priority with 10 being the highest.

Considerations

Needs

Rating

Considerations

Needs

Rating

Considerations

Needs

Rating

Walkway Width

______

______

Police Stand

______

______

Signages

______

______

Access Elevator

______

______

Security Stand

______

______

Tactile Guides

______

______

CCTV Cameras

______

______

Air Conditioning

______

______

Guard Rails

______

______

Sun shading

______

______

______

______

Vegetation

______

______

Roof

______

______

Walkway Continuity Scent/Odor

______

______

Others: (Please Specify)

______

______

Lighting

______

______

24 Hours Security

______

______

Thermal Comfort

______

______

______________

______

______

Acoustics

______

______

Source: Pagasa.doest.gov.ph. (2022) The Seasons Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

33

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Focus Group Discussion Questionnaires Sample Questions

• • • • • • • •

How long is the lifespan of the elevated walkways?

How many pedestrians can the specified elevated walkway accommodate?

How many pedestrians use the specified elevated walkways per day?

Who is responsible for the design of the elevated walkways in EDSA? Are there any future plans for developing a new prototype for elevated walkways?

What are the considerations for the selection of the location where new elevated walkways would be erected?

What are the considerations used in the design of the elevated walkway facilities?

What is the estimated average cost of the design and construction of elevated walkways in EDSA?

Source: Pagasa.doest.gov.ph. (2022) The Seasons Architecture Research Colloquium 2022 | Bryll Edison C. Par

34

University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Conceptual Framework Scoring System

Wu et a., Identification of contributing factors to pedestrian overpass selection

Pedestrian decisionmaking process

Prasetyo et al., Factors affecting perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures among Filipinos during enhanced community quarantine in Luzon, Philippines: Integrating protection motivation theory and extended theory of planned behavior

Post covid-19 efficiency of the elevated walkways of EDSA

Mateo-Babiano, Pedestrian’s needs matter: Examining Manila’s walking environment

Pedestrian needs hierarchy

EDSA’s Elevated Walkways

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University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era Expected Results

Relevant policies compliance

Overall Well-being

Efficiency in the post covid19 era

Scoring System

Compliance to pedestrian needs and wants

EDSA’s Elevated Walkways

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University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era References Abdullah, M., Dias, C., Muley, D., & Shahin, M. (2020). Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on travel behavior and mode preferences. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100255 Baobeid. A., Koc, M., & Al-Ghamdi, S. (2021). Walkability and its relationships with health, sustainability, and livavility: Elements of physical environment and evaluation frameworks. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.721218 Boquet. Y. (2023). Battling congestion in Manila: The EDSA problem. Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific, 82, 45-59.

Connolly, H., Keil, R., & Harris Ali, S. (2020). Extended urbanization and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure and governance. Urban Studies, 58(2), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020910873 Gerike, R., Koszowski, C., Schroter, B., Buehler, R., Schepers, P., Weber, J., Witter, R., & Jones, P. (2021). Built environment determinants of pedestrian activities and their consideration in urban street design. Sustainability, 13(16), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169362 Mateo-Babiano, I. (2016). Pedestrian’s needs matter: Examining Manila’s walking environment. Transport Policy, 45, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.09.008

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University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era References Prasetyo, Y., Castillo, A., Salonga, L., Sia, J., & Seneta, J. (2020). Factors affecting perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures among Filipinos during enhanced community quarantine in Luzon, Philippines: Integrating protection motivation theory and extended theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 99, 312-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.074 Sarkar, S. (1993). Determination of service levels for pedestrians, with European examples. Transportation Research Record, 1405, 35-42.

Talen, E. (2010). Pedestrian access as a measure of urban quality. Planning Practice and Research, 17(03), 257-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/026974502200005634 Wu, Y., & Li, H. (2022). Signalling security: An observational and game theory approach to inter-pedestrian psychology. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 86, 238-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.02.017

Wu, Y., Lu, J., Chen, H., & Wu, L. (2014). Identification of contributing factors to pedestrian overpass selection. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 1(6), 415-423 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-7564(15)30291-9

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University of the Philippines | Integrated Graduate Program | Urban Design Studio Lab

Emerging Research Category

Fact checking the urban link: real scores of EDSA’s elevated walkways under the post-pandemic era

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