Iberville® LHTQTM devices boxes
LHTQ boxes See page 5.
Aluminum’s role in modern electrical design. P.12
+ Design by RFI: Liability hiding in plain sight
+ EVEMS technology for managing other loads
+ DC power will transform building design
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Istarted reporting on the prompt payment movement in British Columbia in March 2018 with the creation of Prompt Payment BC—a coalition of construction trade associations calling for reform.
Despite positive progress elsewhere in Canada, British Columbia lagged.
Between 2021 and 2022, the electrical, mechanical, and construction associations of BC (ECABC, MCABC, BCCA) hosted town halls that eventually spurred the Attorney General’s working group on prompt payment.
I remember attending one of those town halls. This was during the pandemic, so it was conducted online, but I could nonetheless feel the frustration “in the room”.
ECABC had already noted numerous times that its members are often left waiting 60 to 120 days to be paid for work they have invoiced while still being required to make payroll and pay suppliers.
So how could anyone not get annoyed when Tyler Nyvall from the Attorney General’s office said the province needed more data?
But now, after what seems like an eternity, British Columbia has tabled legislation—Bill 20—that will establish clear payment timelines and a fast-track adjudication process for the construction industry.
“Prompt payment legislation gives us more confidence that we are likely to be paid in a fair and reasonable timeline, enabling us to bid more jobs competitively and build the infrastructure and homes our communities need,” said Craig Paquin, president of Sasco Contractors Ltd. and ECABC board chair.
The legislation will come into force after a transition period, allowing time to establish an adjudication authority and to support industry through outreach and education.
“Getting paid on time shouldn’t be a struggle,” said Attorney General Niki Sharma.
No, it shouldn’t... ever.
12 10 16 18 20
Out and About: ESA’s 16th Ontario Electrical Safety Awards
Celebrating individuals and organizations making meaningful contributions to electrical safety across the province.
Our subject-matter experts show that aluminum’s advantages are real, measurable... and still largely misunderstood.
Top 5 considerations for EV chargers in single- and multi-residential settings
Installations requires careful planning to help ensure safety, efficiency and compliance with electrical codes.
The DC shift and the future of power distribution in buildings
Direct current power distribution is evolving and poised to reshape the future of building systems.
What does CSA’s new SPE-343 standard for electric vehicle energy management systems (EVEMSs) mean for electrical contractors? 12 18
24 From the Legal Desk
Design by RFI: Liability hiding in plain sight
30 Code File
Energy management technology for different loads
4 Industry news
26 Personalities
27 Calendar
27 Products & solutions
29 Code Conundrum
Several EV-related industry groups are calling on Ottawa to both maintain the Electric Vehicle Availability Standard (EVAS) and bring back rebate and incentive programs.
This is in response to Ottawa removing the 2026 target from the EVAS, which requires that at least 20% of new light-duty vehicle sales in Canada be zero-emission by model year 2026. The feds are also launching a review of the standard.
SOURCE: A. CAPKUN/CHATGPT
The Canadian Charging Infrastructure Council (CCIC) says the EVAS is a critical policy for attracting large-scale private investment in EV charging infrastructure. Electro-Federation Canada emphasized the standard’s role in affordability, consumer choice, and long-term investment.
Electric Mobility Canada (EMC) says it understands the government’s decision to launch a review process, but nonetheless urges the government to keep EV targets ambitious and to bring back incentives like the Incentives for Zero-Emission Vehicles (iZEV, currently paused) and Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program (ZEVIP, closed to applications).
While the province has no immediate intention of establishing small modular reactors, Nova Scotia will work with Ontario to explore SMR technology as a clean energy option down the road.
November 2025 || Volume 61 || Issue 5
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Schneider Electric opened a new 130,000-sf distribution centre in Ontario to serve customers across the commercial, industrial, residential, and infrastructure sectors. Located at 6 Cleve Court in Georgetown, the facility is operated in partnership with CEVA Logistics to provide faster and more reliable delivery of electrical components and equipment across the country.
In addition to increasing operational capacity, the facility integrates advanced automation technologies to enhance efficiency and reduce environmental impact.
“Nova Scotia is open to exploring the full range of clean energy options that can help meet our province’s future energy needs, build grid resilience and protect ratepayers,” said Nova Scotia Premier Tim Houston, who also serves as Minister of Energy.
The two provinces signed a memorandum of understanding in which they have identified several areas of collaboration related to advancing SMRs as a clean energy option in their respective jurisdictions.
Nova Scotia says it also plans to sign an interprovincial partnership agreement on transmission interties, which is being considered by all provinces. New transmission interties will help ensure the province’s offshore wind projects can deliver energy to market.
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From left: Invest Ontario vice-president of business development Heather Potter; Northern Transformer president & CEO Alexei Miecznikowski, board chair Giovanni Marcelli; Ontario Minister of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade Vic Fedeli.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
Northern Transformer Corp., a Canadian manufacturer of high-voltage power transformers, celebrated the groundbreaking of its second manufacturing facility in Ontario.
Located in the Innisfil Heights Employment Area, the new $207M, 183,000-sf facility is purpose-built for the manufacture and testing of HV large power transformers ranging from 230 kV to 500 kV, with power-handling capability up to 750 MVA.
The plant will feature ultra-clean environments with temperature and humidity controls, large-scale winding and assembly equipment, and a fully isolated, extra-high voltage testing laboratory.
Ontario apprentices can now write certification exams where they train
Skilled Trades Ontario has expanded onsite certification exam delivery to all Training Delivery Agents (TDAs) that offer a final level of in-class apprenticeship training. Building on
a successful pilot involving 31 TDA locations, the program has been made permanent, and is now available to all TDAs who are authorized to provide final level training.
Sonepar is consolidating its five Ontario distributor brands—Aztec, Dixon, Electrozad, MGM, Sesco—under just two. Aztec, Dixon, and MGM will rebrand under a refreshed Dixon banner, while Sesco adopts a new Electrozad brand. Robertson Electric remains unchanged, as it is a separate national business in Canada.
Hitachi boosts Varennes facility with additional $270M
Post-expansion
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
Hitachi Energy will invest an additional $270 million to expand its large power transformer manufacturing facility near Montreal. This builds on an ongoing expansion announced in 2024, and will nearly triple the annual production capacity of the site in Varennes.
The Varennes facility is one of the largest manufacturers of HVDC transformers in the world, says the company, and is also CSA N299-certified for nuclear quality assurance.
Planned improvements include a state-of-the-art assembly line and the addition of two flexible core and winding feeding lines.
Wallbox announced its Supernova 180-kW DC fast chargers will be deployed in a new public network being built by SureCharge Corp. across Alberta and British Columbia. The
Supernova 180-kW fast charger.
SOURCE: WALLBOX
project will establish up to 24 highspeed charging sites with 96 charging points along key travel corridors.
SureCharge is leading the rollout, with Calgary-based electrical contractor SureTek Electric & Technologies Ltd. providing installation, commissioning, and ongoing maintenance.
The initiative is supported by over $4.7 million in funding from Natural Resources Canada’s Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program (ZEVIP). In addition, the Government of British Columbia contributed $400,000.
Manitoba Hydro is advancing its efforts to bring Indigenous majority-owned windpower to the province, and has issued a Request for Qualified Suppliers (RFQS). The Call for Power will see the utility purchase up to 600 MW of new wind energy in Manitoba through power purchase agreements.
Each new wind farm can be sized as large as 200 MW and must be majority-owned by an Indigenous nation (or multiple nations) in Manitoba. Also, each farm will need to be situated within a 20-km radius of one of 14 existing substations.
The utility will evaluate the RFQS submissions to identify Qualified Suppliers once the posting closes January 23, 2026, at 4 pm Central.
The Request for Proposals is expected to wrap up in summer 2026.
Natural Resources Canada’s Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program (ZEVIP) funding is on its way to Atlantic Canada to help install 157 EV chargers.
Nova Scotia Power is receiving $3 million to install 60 Level 3 chargers in public places across the province.
Steele Auto Group Ltd. is receiving $1.3 million to install 37 Level 2 chargers and 28 Level 3 chargers at dealerships across all four Atlantic provinces.
Nikmaq Trading Inc. is receiving $742,500 to install 10 Level 3 chargers near the Halifax International Airport.
Glooscap First Nation is receiving $225,000 to install two Level 3 chargers at Glooscap Landing.
Southwest Properties is receiving $100,000 to install 20 Level 2 chargers at multi-unit residential buildings in Nova Scotia.
Nexans announced it will acquire 100% of the share capital of Electro Cables Inc.—a family-owned,
low-voltage cable specialist based in Trenton. Founded in 1985, Electro Cables operates through two industrial sites, serving projects linked to infrastructure, data centres, gigafactories, powered transportation infrastructure, renewables and more. The deal is expected to close in 2026.
Hubbell Power Systems, a subsidiary of Hubbell Inc., has acquired DMC Power LLC, noting that its swaged connection systems and tooling for the utility industry is a natural complement. DMC has over 350 employees, two manufacturing facilities, and multiple distribution facilities located across North America.
The Government of Saskatchewan re-
leased its “Saskatchewan First Energy Security Strategy and Supply Plan,” which charts a path “for a reliable and affordable power future”, the linchpin of which will be extending coal plant operations and, eventually, deploying new nuclear.
SaskPower has partnered with GE-Hitachi on the BWRX-300 small modular reactor as the Crown corporation’s first SMR. The province will also consider large-scale reactors and advanced SMRs to meet growing industrial and regional demand.
To further the goal of bringing new nuclear online, the province will spend $6.3 million over the next six years (through SaskPower) to establish four new nuclear research chairs at post-secondary institutions in the province.
The government’s strategy also lays out a plan for grid reliability and transmission investments for both intra-provincial and external connections.
Lake Wind – Canada’s first community-owned
SOURCE: EWT SYSTEMS B.V.
Yukon’s Kluane First Nation recently celebrated the first full year of wind energy generation on the Burwash Landing and Destruction Bay electrical grid, thanks to the $17.9M Kluane N’tsi Wind project.
Kluane N’tsi Wind is the first community-owned grid-scale wind project in Canada that allows for “diesel-off” conditions, meaning the local grid can run fully on windpower. A 500-kW battery energy storage system (BESS) and microgrid control are operated by ATCO, allowing full diesel shutdown during high wind generation.
Capstone ribbon-cutting event on September 16 with host landowners, local officials, representatives from Pembina Pipeline and the City of Edmonton, along with other project stakeholders, to celebrating the commissioning of the Wild Rose 2 Wind Farm.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
Capstone Infrastructure Corp. reports the successful commissioning of the 192-MW Wild Rose 2 Wind Farm in Cypress County, Alta. The company entered into a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Pembina Pipeline Corp. for the offtake of 105 MW of energy and associated renewable attributes over 15
years from the wind farm.
Capstone has also entered a 78-MW Renewable Attributes Purchase Agreement (RAPA) with the City of Edmonton to supply renewable attributes for over 20 years from the farm. Company subsidiary Wild Rose 2 Wind Inc. constructed, owns, and operates the facility.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
The Alberta Electric System Operator unveiled the final design for the province’s Restructured Energy Market (REM). Propelled by new types of supply, new sources of demand and changing technology, the REM aims to:
• Enhance grid reliability through new operational tools and services.
• Improve affordability for consumers by fostering greater market competition, pricing guardrails, and shared reliability costs.
• Attract private investment through advanced pricing mechanisms and stronger signals for where and when to build new infrastructure.
The new framework introduces tools such as scarcity pricing, Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP), enhanced reliability operations and new reserve products, all of which are expected to prepare Alberta’s grid for increasing demand and a more diverse generation mix.
Weidmuller is celebrating 50 years of operations in Canada plus the opening of a new office in Calgary to support operations across Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Weidmuller’s Canadian journey began
Team Weidmuller Canada celebrates the grand opening of the new Calgary office.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
in 1975 as Weidmuller Terminations Ltd., which initially focused on supplying SAK Series terminal blocks and DIN rail.
Schneider Electric Canada announced the Canadian winners of its third annual (2024) Sustainability Impact Awards, which recognize partners, customers, and suppliers for demonstrating measurable improvements through digitalization and innovation.
Among them is electrical distributor Guillevin, which is undertaking sustainability initiatives that include LED lighting retrofits, solar energy integration, fleet electrification, and digital tools that streamline operations and cut emissions.
The honorees of the Canadian Renewable Energy Association’s inaugural awards program demonstrate innovation, leadership, and a commitment to advancing Canada’s renewables and energy storage industries.
The Hagersville Battery Energy Storage Park was named Innovative Canadian Clean Power Project of the Year. Proponents include Six Nations of the Grand River Development Corp. (SNGRDC) and Boralex.
Glooscap Energy was named Indigenous Clean Energy Company of the Year. The Mi’kmaq-owned company from Nova Scotia is driving clean energy development through wind, solar, and energy storage.
Jayman Built’s behind-the-meter initiative “Solar is Not an Option” was named Canadian Onsite (BTM) Project of the Year.
ERMCO-Power Partners celebrates 10 million transformers milestone
From left: Georgia Power senior vice-president of distribution Tami Barron and ERMCO president & CEO Tim Mills officially unveil the 10 millionth transformer produced at the company’s Athens, Ga. facility.
SOURCE: ERMCO INC.
Electric Research and Manufacturing Cooperative Inc. celebrated the production of the ERMCO-Power Partners’ 10 millionth transformer at the company’s Athens, Ga., location.
To commemorate this milestone, ERMCO hosted a special ceremony at
the facility, among whose guests was Southern Company—the customer who bought the Xfmr.
Power Partners’ electrical transformer operations began in 1958. In a twist of fate, Southern Company—through its subsidiary Georgia Power—actually received the plant’s very first transformer.
IKEA Canada announced that 72% of its big and bulky truck home deliveries in August were completed using electric vehicles, for the first time surpassing deliveries made by internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.
Investments in EV charging infrastructure played a critical role in enabling this achievement, said the company, as did collaboration with its delivery service partners.
The retailer invested $3.75 million
CNW
to install EV fleet chargers at all 17 home delivery fulfilment units across Canada. This investment was supported by $1.175 million in funding from the Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program (ZEVIP) and utility partners.
We’re limited by space here, but have plenty of room online! Read the news behind the news. Visit EBMag.com and click “News”
BY ANTHONY CAPKUN
Electrical Safety Authority president & CEO Josie Erzetic.
E lec trical Business Magazine attended the Ontario Electrical Safety Authority’s 2025 Annual Meeting, where president & CEO Josie Erzetic shared highlights from the past fiscal year.
Among them, the ESA’s mobile app has been helping to accelerate inspections, and electrical have also been using it for scheduling and getting permitting updates, Erzetic said. ESA also hit a licensing milestone, having issued its 10,000th electrical contractor licence (since starting to issue them in 2005).
She was also pleased to report that ESA scored an 8.4 out of 10 on its wiring customer satisfaction survey, and that the agency continues to work on cutting emissions and electrifying its fleet.
Some other 2024/2025 fiscal year highlights include:
• 702,396 customer interactions at the customer ser vice centre.
• 445,614 wir ing notifications created (40% of which occurred online, up 2% from last year).
• 32,370 remote inspections.
• 25,298 electr ical contractor licence renewals.
• 884 new electr ical contractor licences issued.
• 1,000 new master electr ician licences issued.
• 71 licences revoked.
• 105 administrative penalties issued for total value of $375,500.
But the highlight of the meeting was recognizing the honorees of the 16th Ontario Electrical Safety Awards, which celebrate individuals and organizations making meaningful contributions to electrical safety across the province.
“Congratulations to this year’s recipients,” said Stephen Crawford, Minister of Public and Business Service Delivery and Procurement. “By working together, we can invest in our province’s growth while safeguarding the prosperity and well-being of Ontarians.”
The Oneida Energy Storage project was honoured for its exceptional worksite safety performance. Five project partners—Northland Power, Six Nations of the Grand River Development Corp., Aecon, NRStor, and Mississaugas of the Credit Business Corp.—collaborated to build a safety culture that put workers first, supported by a joint monitoring framework, extensive workforce training and over 550 safety inspections.
At the height of construction, hundreds of people were working on the project, logging nearly 300,000 hours without a single lost-time injury.
Chris Connelly was recognized for his impact on safety practices at Aecon Utilities, where he led the development of a competency-based training and qualification program for powerline technicians.
He overhauled Job Hazard Assessments to ensure they reflected real-world conditions and evolving client standards. There was a 40% reduction in near-miss safety incidents and zero recordable injuries tied to tasks covered by revised assessments.
“Thank you to everyone in the powerline community who is putting safety first,” said Connelly.
London Hydro was honoured for building lifelong safety habits for young Ontarians through its School Electricity Safety program. Running for over 30 years, the program delivers interactive, age-appropriate learning for students in grades 3 to 8 across the London region.
In the past year, the program reached over 6,235 students across 33 schools. By constantly evolving the subject matter to reflect the safety needs of today’s youth, the program serves as a model for long-term investment in community education.
Phase Electric Ltd. was recognized for its professionalism, compassion, and unwavering commitment to safety. Called to a multi-purpose facility in Thunder Bay serving seniors, children, and brain injury patients, the LEC stepped up to address the severe electrical hazards that were already causing power outages and dangerous arcing events.
Despite being based 12 hours away, Phase drove to the site and, in collaboration with ESA inspectors, worked for nearly a month to correct the issues, which included over 500 fixtures.
The Licensed Electrical Contractor Recognition Award is unique in that nominations are submitted by ESA inspectors.
Dr. Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia and Restore Lab have become leading voices in reimagining what safety means for Ontario’s electricians, treating physical and mental well-being as essential to the health and sustainability of the sector.
Nowrouzi-Kia has led province-wide research to identify the stressors electricians face, including chronic physical strain and the effects of burnout, stigma, and isolation. Through evidence-based insights, education, and practical toolkits, his lab’s work is helping shift the industry toward a more psychologically safe, inclusive, and supportive environment.
“It takes just one individual or organization to make a difference,” says the Electrical Safety Authority, which typically opens the call for nominations for the Ontario Electrical Safety Awards in the spring. Stay tuned to ebmag.com for the call for the 17th edition.
As an administrative authority acting on behalf of the Government of Ontario, ESA is responsible for administering specific regulations related to the Ontario Electrical Safety Code, the licensing of electrical contractors and master electricians, electricity distribution system safety, and electrical product safety.
Oh, and just one more photo: me and ESA’s director of licensing Sarah Kempel (we didn’t win anything).
BY TONY KOVAC
When it comes to the materials that power electrification, copper has long been king. And no wonder, considering how easy it was to discover and manipulate by early humans—and in great abundance to boot! But its long relationship with mankind does not necessarily make copper a superior conductor over other materials.
During our Education Session “Rewriting the Spec: Aluminum’s Role in Modern Electrical Design,” Pete Pollak opened the conversation with a clear message: aluminum’s advantages are real, measurable and, sadly, still largely misunderstood.
Copper wasn’t used because it was the best electrical conductor. It was used because, in the 1880s, it was plentiful and cheap.
“Copper wasn’t used because it was the best electrical conductor. It was used because, in the 1880s, it was plentiful and cheap. Aluminum was the better material, but there just wasn’t much of it around, and it was too expensive,” said Pollak who, while now retired, spent nearly 35 years with the Aluminum Association leading Product Standards and Electrical Services initiatives.
Large reels of 500 kcmil stranded aluminum at Northern Cables’ manufacturing facility in Ontario.
He traced aluminum’s history back to the late 19th century when it existed only in small, precious quantities. By way of comparison, the Statue of Liberty contains hundreds of thousands of pounds of copper, while the world’s largest aluminum casting at the time—the cap of the Washington Monument—used just 100 ounces.
“Nikola Tesla said aluminum would annihilate the use of copper for electrical applications. I don’t normally use the word ‘annihilate’—that’s Tesla’s word—but he had a pretty good track record,” Pollak said, noting that Tesla also used copper for his inventions; again, because of aluminum’s scarcity. That scarcity changed, however,
with World War II. Enormous smelting capacity was built to supply aluminum for aircraft, with most of those North American plants sited near hydroelectric generating stations. When the war ended, those aluminum smelters turned their attention to producing wire & cable.
Pollak explained that aluminum’s electrical performance, on a pound-for-pound basis, actually doubles that of copper. “One pound of aluminum provides the same conductance as two pounds of copper, and it costs about one-eighth as much.”
Weight reduction, price stability, and a reduced risk of theft are added benefits. Yet misconceptions persist about using aluminum for building wire, largely because of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission’s declaration in the 1970s.
“The CPSC branded aluminum wiring as a fire hazard 50 years ago, and that label stuck,” Pollak said. “But those same homes are still standing, still working fine.”
Pollak described how the electrical industry’s reliance on copper hardened into tradition. The material’s early monopoly became codified in standards, so even when aluminum became widely available and affordable, the default specification never changed. “Every electrical standard was written for copper,” he noted, “so the brand became baked in.”
He then tied that history to today’s shift toward electric vehicles. “Replacing copper with aluminum inside an EV can cut cost and weight,” he said, “and that means longer range and lower price.” Industry has the opportunity, Pollak argued, to revisit assumptions that have gone unchallenged for a century.
Following Pollak’s formal presentation, he was joined by Electrical Business Magazine’s editor Anthony Capkun (moderator) and Northern Cables CEO Shelley Bacon to tackle questions from the audience of electrical engineers, contractors, and specifiers.
In the realm of sustainability, Bacon emphasized that aluminum’s benefits aren’t just mechanical or economic, but environmental.
“In Canada, all our aluminum is made with hydroelectricity. That means a very small carbon footprint compared to aluminum made with fossil-fuel power elsewhere in the world,” he said.
This is a key message behind the Clean Aluminum educational campaign, which highlights how Canadian-made aluminum contributes to decarbonization. Because hydroelectricity powers every smelter in British Columbia and Quebec, the carbon intensity of Canadian aluminum is among the lowest on the planet.
Bacon strongly believes this distinction should be top of mind for all building designers.
“If we’re talking about LEED and embodied carbon, we should be talking about the wiring too. There’s a tremendous amount of cable in every building, but nobody counts it,” Bacon said.
He pointed out that a single multi-unit development can
contain thousands of metres of cable—an enormous amount of material that does not get factored into a building’s embodied carbon footprint. He wants to see Leadership in Energy & Environment Design (LEED) and other sustainability programs take into consideration the origin of a building’s wire & cable, and whether it was produced with clean electricity.
For him, the next step is advocacy: encouraging LEED and other sustainability programs to include wiring and cabling in their metrics.
Pollak agreed, framing it as both an engineering and policy issue. “Three times as much aluminum as copper is produced globally today,” he said. “If we’re serious about decarbonization and resource efficiency, well, aluminum gives us both.”
One attendee asked how aluminum could be considered a better conductor when it oxidizes more readily and has lower mechanical strength than copper. Pollak was quick to address both points.
“That oxide coating is angstroms thick—almost imperceptible. When you tighten a connector, the pressure breaks through it and the bare metal makes contact,” Pollak answered.
As for strength, he pointed out that electric utilities have used aluminum conductors for decades in overhead lines, often with a steel-core reinforcement. “If aluminum’s good enough for airplanes at 20,000 feet, it’s good enough for building wire. The strength is there.”
Bacon agreed, adding that advances in materials science have made this even less of a concern.
“The 8030 and 8176 grades are about 99.5% aluminum with a little bit of alloying to improve creep and strength. They perform beautifully when terminated with proper connectors.”
Another attendee asked whether aluminum’s softness and greater thermal expansion translate into higher maintenance requirements.
“All metals creep. Copper creeps, too. The question is: ‘Is it a big deal?’ For small conductors inside buildings, it’s not,” said Pollak. “People say aluminum creeps, aluminum moves. Sure, but utilities have known how to design for that for decades.”
Another attendee, this one a journeyman electrician and professional engineer, commented that every aluminum failure he’d seen over the last 50 years stemmed from poor workmanship and had nothing to do with the aluminum conductor itself.
Pollak reiterated his dismay with aluminum’s undeserved reputation. “When copper fails, you just fix it. But when aluminum fails, you get a whole story about how it’s no good. What a lot of people call ‘aluminum problems’ are really just electrical problems—loose connections, overloads, bad devices—which can happen in any installation.”
He added that technologies such as ground-fault and arcfault protection address these electrical hazards regardless of conductor type. Bacon, meanwhile, pointed out that regular maintenance practices, such as thermal imaging and mechanical inspections, should be standard practice for all electrical systems.
“In our factories, we do infrared scans one year and mechanical checks the next,” he said. “If you’re modifying a system— adding a heat pump, EV charger, or hot tub—it’s smart to have a licensed contractor check those terminations.”
In Canada, all our aluminum is made with hydroelectricity. That means a very small carbon footprint compared to aluminum made with fossil-fuel power elsewhere in the world.
As the discussion unfolded, a common theme emerged: workmanship, not material, tends to determine reliability.
One participant noted that insurance companies still compel homeowners to rewire their homes when aluminum branch circuits are present, and he asked whether insurers are being challenged by the industry.
Pollak acknowledged this frustration and said insurers often lean on outdated CPSC material. “There’s nothing wrong with the aluminum; the problem is the story people keep repeating.”
“I petitioned the CPSC to review its own hypothesis [about aluminum branch wiring]. They ran experiments 50 years ago and predicted what would happen in the future. Well, the future’s here, and that didn’t happen. Aluminum installed decades ago continues to power millions of homes across Canada and the U.S.”
If we’re talking about LEED and embodied carbon, we should be talking about the wiring too. There’s a tremendous amount of cable in every building, but nobody counts it.
The pair also fielded several questions about emerging applications—battery storage, renewable energy interconnections, and modular construction—where aluminum’s combination of
weight, conductivity, and cost could make it a preferred choice. For the audience, it underscored how “rewriting the spec” isn’t just about wire sizes or cost tables; it’s about re-examining assumptions as technology evolves.
The conversation circled back to the broader energy transition. Pollak noted that rising copper prices and supply constraints could make substitution inevitable.
As the session closed, both speakers echoed the same message: education is key.
“This isn’t the end—it’s the beginning. Once people understand the full story, they can make informed choices about design and specification,” said Pollak.
For Bacon, the change is already underway. “Fifteen years ago, aluminum was barely considered outside utilities. Now we see it across commercial projects, with modern alloys and terminations that perform reliably and help cut costs and carbon.”
For the audience of Electrical Business Magazine, “Rewriting the Spec” was both a technical briefing and a call to question long-held beliefs and misconceptions. In this era of electrification and decarbonization, that challenge feels overdue.
Watch or listen
Catch the full Education Session with Pete Pollak and Shelley Bacon
“Rewriting the spec” at EBMag.com, direct link: tinyurl.com/3wefe3ub
BY ALEXANDRE SANTERRE
As Canada accelerates toward a zero-emissions future, electric vehicle (EV) adoption continues to rise. A Natural Resources Canada report on EV charging infrastructure for Canada estimates the number of zero-emission light-duty vehicles (LDVs) is expected to increase from approximately 480,000 in 2024 to 5 million by 2030 and, ultimately, 21 million by 2040.1
This surge in adoption brings with it a growing need for reliable, cost-effective charging solutions.
According to a 2024 survey by the CAA, more than 80% of EV charging is performed at home,2 making residential charging access as essential as owning the vehicle itself.
Installing EV supply equipment (EVSE) in single- and multi-residential settings requires careful planning to help ensure safety, efficiency and compliance with electrical codes. Here are five key considerations for electrical contractors to keep in mind:
More than 80% of EV charging is performed at home, making residential charging access as essential as owning the vehicle itself.
Load calculation
Before any hardware goes on the wall, the first step in any EVSE installation is to determine whether the current homeowner’s service has sufficient capacity to support the new equipment in addition to the household’s existing consumption.
For example, under Canadian Electrical Code-Part I, Section 8, a single dwelling’s 100A service that’s protected by a circuit breaker rated for continuous operation at 80% cannot exceed 80 amps (80% x 100A). When the calculated load of the dwelling is already at 60 amps, then only 20 amps of capacity is
available for EVSE.
Connecting EVSE that consumes more than 20 amps would exceed the circuit breaker’s allowable continuous load, which violates the CE Code’s maximum circuit loading. Proper load calculation helps ensure the electrical infrastructure remains safe and reliable.
Overload risks with main service supplying multiple dwellings
When the main service supplies multiple dwellings, you must consider overload risks at both the individual residence level and the main service.
The main risk is at the home’s service entrance and main overcurrent device. When several high-demand appliances—such as an EV, heat pump, or electric range—operate simultaneously, the service may exceed the overcurrent device’s rating.
Multi-residential buildings
In condos, duplexes or townhouses, the challenge multiplies. In the case of a main service supplying multiple dwellings, the combined overcurrent device’s rating from all dwellings often exceeds the rating of the main service, since the CE Code allows for some specific loads to not be fully considered in the calculated load.
Therefore, it is essential to validate the calculated load of each individual dwelling, as well as the calculated load of the main service supplying those dwellings. According to CE Code 8-202(1)(a)(vii) and 8-202(3)(d), all EVSE must be added to the calculated load at a demand factor of 100%.
What to do when infrastructure is insufficient
When the electrical infrastructure cannot support the additional demand, customers face two options:
i) Upgrade the service
This may require replacing the meter base, distribution panel and conductors connected to the utility network. While effective, it can be costly. Moreover, some utilities may refuse upgrades when their distribution network cannot handle the added demand—an increasing concern as EV adoption grows. Nevertheless, in some cases—particularly when the customer plans additional electrification (e.g. adding heat pumps, EVs in multiple units)—a service upgrade is the more robust long-term choice.
ii) Install EV energy management system
A nimble and often more economical option is to install an EV energy management system. There are multiple types of EVEMSs, but the most efficient
for residential applications dynamically controls EVSE consumption based on the real-time load of the service. This helps ensure the maximum service capacity is not exceeded, avoiding the need for an upgrade.
Under CE Code 8-106(11), the demand load of EVSE does not need to be included in the calculated load when appropriate load monitoring and EVSE control are performed by an EVEMS.
In some cases—particularly when a main service supplies multiple dwellings—several levels of monitoring may be required. Both the individual dwelling feeders and the main service itself may need to be monitored when their respective ratings could be exceeded.
Requirements vary by province and utility, making it critical for electrical contractors to confirm compliance with their authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).
Some jurisdictions have adopted amendments to the Canadian Electrical Code that add or modify certain requirements. For example, the Ontario Electrical Safety Code takes a broader approach to energy management systems (EMSs), allowing them to control loads beyond just EVSE (something the CE Code originally did not intend).
The Quebec Construction Code, meanwhile, has introduced “EV readiness” requirements for new buildings.
Section 86 of the Canadian Electrical Code-Part I governs the installation of EV supply equipment, mandating (among other things):
• That EVSE be supplied by a separate branch circuit (unless load management is used).
• EVSE rated over 60A or 150V to ground must have a supply-side disconnect that is lockable in the open position.
• Prominent labelling and signage, including EVSE receptacles.
electrical needs
EV adoption is not slowing down. Natural Resources Canada projects that Canada
will need nearly 450,000 public and workplace chargers by 2035, rising to 679,000 by 2040.3 This means residential charging will remain the backbone of EV adoption, but also that demand for home charging will keep growing. Good design today anticipates tomorrow’s growth, so it is important for you to ask homeowners:
• Are you planning to add a heat pump, electric pool heater, or other high-demand loads?
• Will multiple EVs eventually be parked and charged simultaneously?
• Can the EVEMS suppor t additional circuits or expand to future chargers?
Planning ahead may make the difference between a minor retrofit and a major rebuild down the road.
As Canada continues to move toward a low-carbon transportation future, demand for residential EV charging will only grow. That growth brings opportunity—but also caution—for electrical contractors, utilities, and homeowners. By grounding installations in solid load calculations, recognizing overload risks at both dwelling and the main service, leveraging EVEMS technology when infrastructure is insufficient, complying with local codes, and adding flexibility for future increases, you can deliver charging solutions that are safe, compliant, cost-effective and future-ready.
1,3. Natural Resources Canada, “Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure for Canada: Updated forecasts of vehicle charging needs, grid impacts and costs for all vehicle segments” (February 2024), prepared by Dunsky Energy + Climate Advisors, tinyurl.com/3hjkr8u4
2. Canadian Automobile Association, “What do Canadian EV drivers think?” (November 2024), tinyurl.com/bdufp3y5
Alexandre Santerre serves as research & development supervisor at ABB Installation Products Canada, where he leads the engineering team responsible for product development and oversees project execution. Alexandre also drives the innovation roadmap across the company’s product lines to ensure continued growth and technological advancement.
BY TONY KOVAC
Professionals from across the electrical sector joined Electrical Business Magazine and Bolis Ibrahim in May for a technical deep dive into how direct current power distribution is evolving, and why it’s poised to reshape the future of building systems.
Co-founder and president of Cence Power, Ibrahim drew from over a decade of experience in advanced technologies to make the case for DC power in buildings, including its current applications and the standards that are emerging to support it.
War of the Currents isn’t quite over
Currently, over 30% of electricity consumption in buildings involves DC-powered devices, and that figure is expected to exceed 70% by 2030.
This shift presents a somewhat predictable opportunity: rather than converting AC to DC at every device, which introduces inefficiencies and heat losses, DC distribution systems offer a more elegant and energy-efficient solution—especially when deployed at scale.
The bulk of the education session focused on Class 2 low-voltage DC systems, which operate under 60V and are capped at 100 watts per circuit. Ibrahim
outlined how these systems eliminate the need for conduit, mechanical protection, and junction boxes, thereby reducing both capital expenditures and installation complexity.
He contrasted traditional AC distribution layouts with Class 2 DC systems, emphasizing:
• The use of plenum-rated low-voltage cabling in place of BX and conduit.
• Centralized LED dr iver cabinets that simplify maintenance and eliminate fixture-level failure points.
• Safer working conditions due to the inherent limitations of Class 2.
Lighting was presented as the application with the greatest benefit for Class 2 DC distribution, with significant traction in commercial retrofits, retail spaces, and healthcare facilities where centralized DC hubs streamlined installation and maintenance, enabling cost savings and better life cycle performance.
Centralized vs. decentralized conversion
A particularly noteworthy portion of the
Lighting enjoys great benefits from Class 2 DC distribution, seeing significant traction in commercial retrofits, like this TD Bank in Mississauga.
session involved Ibrahim’s explanation of how AC-to-DC conversion can be either centralized or decentralized in a building’s design.
Centralized conversion systems convert AC to DC at a central location (electrical closet) then distribute direct current throughout the building.
These systems support hot-swappable modules and centralized control, which can simplify maintenance, reduce clutter at the device level, and increase system efficiency.
‘They are ideal for new construction or projects with uniform loads, such as commercial lighting or telecom applications.
Decentralized conversion systems, by contrast, convert AC to DC closer to the load using DC-DC converters at each fixture or device. This setup
provides greater flexibility and individual control, especially useful for retrofits, multi-zone spaces, or when integrating varied DC loads.
However, decentralized conversion typically results in lower system-wide efficiency and greater operational complexity due to multiple points of potential failure.
The session also involved Ibrahim’s clear breakdown of centralized versus decentralized AC-to-DC conversion:
• Centralized systems place dr ivers in an accessible cabinet, which allows for hot-swappable modules, simplified commissioning, and reduced field-level complexity.
• Decentralized systems employ DC-DC converters at the device level, offering granular control and flexibility for variable loads or zone-based applications.
Lighting controls such as DMX, DALI, and 0-10V dimming were addressed, with Ibrahim citing successful integrations using components from Wattstopper, Lutron, Acuity, and others. Installers can leverage standard protocols while benefiting from the efficiency of DC distribution.
There’s also an environmental argument for DC power. Ibrahim explained how centralized conversion dramatically reduces waste heat and energy losses common in traditional point-of-load AC conversion. Many LED drivers, especially in lower-cost fixtures, are less than 60% efficient.
He estimated that switching to a DC-powered lighting system in a commercial building can avoid roughly one pound of CO2 emissions per square foot per year (depending on the grid’s carbon intensity, and automation features).
DC systems also simplify integration with renewable generation and storage, presenting yet another reason why building decarbonization strategies are increasingly looking to direct current.
Participants were reminded of the relevant standards that govern low-voltage DC installations:
• UL 916 for energy management equipment
• UL 2108 for low-voltage lighting systems
• IEC 62368-1 for infor mation technology equipment and audio-visual products
Ibrahim emphasized that low-voltage wiring practices must still follow local electrical codes. The Ontario Electrical Safety Code, for example, mandates licensed electricians for Class 2 lighting installations.
In the final portion of the session, Ibrahim introduced Class 4 fault-managed power systems, added to the U.S. National Electrical Code in 2023 and now under review for inclusion in the Canadian Electrical Code.
These systems enable up to 450 VDC transmission using fault-managed techniques that prevent hazardous
conditions—even under intentional short circuit. Using twisted-pair structured cable, Class 4 systems can deliver kilowatts of power over long distances with equivalent safety to Class 2 circuits. Potential applications include:
• telecom and data centres
• distr ibuted control systems
• future hospital and large f acility design
Ibrahim highlighted early market entrants like VoltServer, Panduit, and Cence Power, noting that cable manufacturers such as Belden, General Cable, and Prysmian are already producing certified Class 4 wiring.
Throughout the presentation, questions were addressed in real-time, covering topics such as wire types, emergency power integration, inspection considerations, and thermal management strategies. Ibrahim closed by encouraging attendees to contact him for further details, including system specifications, product listings, or project consultation.
As the demand for electrification, renewable integration, and energy efficiency accelerates, DC power—especially Class 2 and Class 4 systems—offers a compelling path forward for engineers, designers, and contractors involved in the future of building infrastructure.
and
vice-president
CSA recently published a new standard— CSA C22.2 No. 343—for electric vehicle energy management systems (EVEMSs), setting out strict requirements for enhancing the electrical safety of EV charger installations. To help us understand what CSA SPE-343 means in practice, I spoke with the president and co-founder of RVE (Re-
ANTHONY CAPKUN
charge Véhicule Électrique), David Corbeil.
David has served on the CSA SPE-343 EVEMS subcommittee since August 2021, and the subcommittee on EV charging systems since September 2023. He’s also provided training at the Corporation des maîtres électriciens du Québec (The Corporation of Master Electricians of Quebec) on EV charging systems and infrastructure, served
as a board member with Electric Mobility Canada, and continues to serve with the Quebec Electric Vehicle Association (AVEQ).
Nor is he a stranger to the electrical trade, as he is trained as an electrician and has previously worked on charging station installations.
EBMAG: For electrical contractors who might not deal with this every day,
why do we need energy management systems for EV charging in the first place?
DAVID: EVs are good for society, as they will help us move away from fossil fuels. But for EVs to operate, we need a good supply chain. We need affordable batteries for those cars to move. And we need affordable charging at scale.
And when you think about
There is technology that can enable more electricity to flow toward electric transportation. That’s where we need EVEMSs.
the grid, it wasn’t designed for all our transportation to be electric. The assumption was that transportation would use fossil fuel; we could use natural gas for heating, and electricity for a couple of appliances. That’s basically how the North American grid was built.
Then you look at the rise of EVs in just 15 years... how do we integrate this new technology into a grid, and distribution within buildings that weren’t designed for
those loads?
But, if done in a smart way, there is technology that can enable more electricity to flow toward electric transportation. That’s where we need EVEMSs.
EBMAG: In the creation of CSA SPE-343, what gaps were you and your colleagues seeing that made it necessary? What problems were you trying to solve?
DAVID: We started working on this five years ago. The problem we saw was that industry was heading in 10 directions rather than one. So CSA SPE-343 was really about streamlining the process and making sure that products would align with Section 8 of the CE Code, and that AHJs around the
country could point to just one Canadian standard as the way to do things with regard to EVEMSs.
We looked at best practices from other device standards, and applied them to electric vehicle energy management systems to improve safety and resilience... and customer experience, too. You want to set a standard for EV chargers where they work 99% of the time.
EBMAG: So what does CSA SPE-343 actually cover, and where does that coverage end?
DAVID: The intent is to make sure that, if you’re going to deploy charging infrastructure where there is limited infrastructure capacity, you deploy an EVEMS
as a system. It could consist of multiple products, but CSA SPE-343 covers the whole system.
Officially, CSA SPE343 applies to the design, construction, and testing of electrical equipment that comprises or forms part of an EVEMS. Basically, it applies to all aspects of controlling EV supply equipment (EVSE) loads through the process of activating or suspending, increasing, or decreasing electric power to the EVSE loads and/or monitoring or calculating electric current (power) loads in a consumer service, distribution equipment, feeders, or branch circuits.
The last thing you want is to put a system in place and then, the very next day, somebody can play with
it and alter all of the safety systems because maybe they want to charge faster... this puts people at risk.
So it’s really about making sure that there’s a way for OEMs, like RVE and plenty of others, to have a clear and safe path to success.
EBMAG: What are some of those safety considerations or hazards when energy is not properly managed?
DAVID: One of CSA SPE343’s requirements is for an EVEMS to have a really short latency—the speed at which the system reacts to a potential or a real overload, and to have backup communication protocols in place. It pushes for local-based firmware and software and, should the network go down, it ceases to operate and holds in a safe position.
EBMAG: The work on the CSA SPE-343 started in 2021, and it was finally published in July 2025. Why did it take so long to publish the standard?
DAVID: There was a lot of reflection along the way as to the scope of the standard. Would it interfere with existing standards? Should we just focus on EVEMSs and EV-related loads? Should we focus on power efficient design that is agnostic to the type of load. At one point we wondered whether to consider heat pumps. At the end of the day, we kept the scope to EVEMSs and safety. But I’m really glad it’s now out because companies can start certifying their products.
EBMAG: From the electrical contractor’s point of view, what’s different
today versus before CSA SPE-343?
DAVID: When you don’t have a clear standard, what ends up happening is that you have all these products that bear certification marks, like CSA and UL, but they don’t have the right listing.
With the standard, they can focus on using only the products that are certified. OEMs can help them with their design, with commissioning and permitting, which really limits the contractor’s liability when the EVSE is up and running, because they’re not working with individual components, but an entire certified system.
EBMAG: So, following CSA SPE-343 helps electrical contractors avoid rework and delays, and possible failed inspections.
DAVID: Definitely. When they ask for a permit, the inspection body will see how it fits within the code. When the contractor’s design includes the right standard, then the inspector can refer to the code and approve the installation much faster.
Because EVEMSs are still a new technology, having a standard will help reduce overhead and headaches around getting EVSE projects approved.
EBMAG: Standards are always trying to keep up with technology. The Canadian Electrical Code went from a five-year to a three-year cycle for that reason. Looking at CSA SPE-343 from that perspective, what updates could we possibly see down the road?
DAVID: I would like to
When the contractor’s design includes the right standard, then the inspector can refer to the code and approve the installation much faster.
see requirements where Section 8 doesn’t have only relaxation around EVEMSs, but around power control systems for any type of loads.
If you’re building townhomes with 20 units, and you’re putting in power control systems using UL 3141 for power control systems certification, for example, then you can offset your heat pumps, EV charging, even your heating. And I think that’s a big win.
So I really hope the Section 8 subcommittee will look at that and really focus on providing more flexibility within that framework. I think it would be a big win for the industry.
EBMAG: If you had to leave our audience with just one final thought about CSA SPE-343, what would it be?
DAVID: Contractors should challenge the status quo and look at new certification pathways when designing a code-compliant EV charging system. Local codes are often a little behind schedule, but there’s a lot of value in educating yourself so that you can educate your customers. You can help them futureproof their projects so that their investment is better protected.
Closing thoughts
As we learned from Code File columnist Nansy Hanna back in February 2018, electric vehicle energy management systems have always promised cost savings, load control, and safer systems. Now, with the publication of CSA SPE-343, those principles are no longer just fancy notions, but formalized in a standard that electrical contractors can rely on.
1. Circuit overload prevention: EVEMSs must be able to detect and correct potential or actual overloads in electrical circuits in under 5 seconds.
2. Predefined f ail-safe state: EVEMSs must automatically switch to a predefined fail-safe state in the event of loss of communication or failure, such as a complete power cut or load reduction.
3. Real-time load monitor ing and control: EVEMSs must include current-monitoring devices, located indoors, to track the real-time consumption of connected devices.
4. Resilience of communication systems: EVEMSs must be designed to monitor and manage communication interruptions. If a signal loss occurs, the system automatically switches to a fail-safe state.
5. Safety of physical components and connections: Standards require robust protective enclosures for electrical components, capable of withstanding impact and heat.
Ideal for construction and industrial electrician apprentices, students, trade qualifiers, and challengers
Aligned with the major work activities, tasks, and sub-tasks of the RSOS
Practice questions with answers to check and reinforce your knowledge
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Are you planning to take the Construction Electrician Red Seal Exam to demonstrate your knowledge and skills in your trade? CSA Group’s Canadian Electrical Trade Study Guide can help strengthen your understanding of electrical systems, refresh your knowledge, and gain confidence before taking the exam.
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Developed by electrical professionals from across the country, the guide provides:
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DAN LEDUC
Contractors are increasingly being asked to bid on designs that are incomplete at time of tender. Over the past decade, the industry has normalized the idea that any gaps will simply be figured out later, usually through Requests for Information (RFIs) once construction begins.
The drivers are well-known: fasttracked schedules, financing pressures, design-build hybrids, and limited design budgets. Owners want to move quickly once financing is secured, so tender packages go out early. Design teams, constrained by time or fee, issue drawings deemed “good enough” to get the project out the door, leaving the construction team to fill in the blanks— one RFI at a time.
In practice, this means subs are being asked to engineer by correspondence, completing the design in real time through a string of clarifications, assumptions, and informal design decisions.
It is a quiet, pervasive shift of risk and responsibility from the designer to the trades.
You have all experienced the frustration of managing dozens or even hundreds of RFIs. Each one takes time and money to prepare, track, and close out. Industry studies estimate the average direct cost of an RFI at about $1,080 US, with roughly 10 to 15 RFIs per $1M of project value.
Each unanswered or delayed RFI can hold up progress in the field, drag down productivity, and erode profit margins. Even when an RFI leads to a change order, markup limits in many subcontracts mean that the additional work rarely recovers full cost.
A particularly thorny issue arises when Issued-for-Construction (IFC) drawings differ materially from the tender drawings. Contracts are typically based on the tender set, yet construction proceeds on the IFC set. When
those drawings include additional work or scope that wasn’t in the original bid, the sub is effectively performing unpaid design development.
In law, the owner warrants the adequacy of the design under traditional design-bid-build principles. But “Design by RFI” erodes that protection; by filling in design gaps through RFIs, contractors can inadvertently assume responsibility for design adequacy.
And this is where legal risk becomes real. In Ontario, the Professional Engineers Act reserves the practice of engineering to licensed engineers. When contractors effectively complete or modify designs through the RFI process, they risk taking on obligations that only an engineer should lawfully assume.
While none of us can change industry norms overnight, there are steps you can take to protect yourself. And remember: if it’s not in writing, it didn’t happen.
1. Ask questions early
At the tender stage, ask questions about design completeness. For example: “Please confirm the approximate percentage of design development represented by the electrical issued-fortender drawings.” This puts the issue on record and may prove invaluable later should disputes arise. It also signals that you are assessing the risk carefully and expect a fair allocation.
2. Qualify your bid
List your assumptions and exclusions clearly. For example: “Assumes one 200A panel for lighting, as exact requirements are not shown.” Include specific exclusions as well, and ensure those qualifications make it into your subcontract. (Caveat: qualifying does put your bid at risk.)
3. Use RFIs properly
Use the RFI process as both a com-
munication tool and a record of design responsibility. Always submit questions in writing and follow up any verbal directions with written confirmation. Refrain from offering suggestions to resolve RFIs. If a response changes the scope, issue written notice immediately under the contract. When an RFI response results in a design change, insist on sealed and scaled drawings: they confirm professional accountability and protect you from assuming unintended design liability.
4. Watch for risk-shift clauses
Be alert to contract clauses that make you responsible for “reasonably inferable work” or that waive rights to extras arising from design development. Push to remove them or adjust your bid to account for the risk. Always ensure your scope is tied to a specific, dated set of drawings and specs.
5. Escalate, don’t acquiesce
If an issue hasn’t been resolved after a few RFIs, raise it formally and escalate. Use project meetings, correspondence, or formal notices to protect your position. If you must proceed under schedule pressure, do so with a written reservation of rights, confirming that you’re proceeding to mitigate delay but expect compensation for the change.
The only practical response to “Design by RFI” is to be proactive. Pushing back professionally and consistently will help nudge the industry back to the point where design rests squarely with the engineers, and construction rests with the contractors.
This column is not legal advice, nor should it be taken as such
Dan Leduc is a partner at Soloway Wright LLP specializing in construction law. He is always happy to take on new clients from anywhere in Canada, and can be reached at dleduc@solowaywright.com.
From left: Michael Dupuis and Sean McNamara, past chair.
Congratulations to Michael Dupuis, who received the 2025 Exceptional Achievement Service Award from the Electrical Apparatus Service Association. Dupuis has held every elected office in his chapter, and served as director for his region, participated as a committee member, and served as EASA’s international chair.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
Ledvance has appointed Scott Buckley as head of marketing for Canada and the United States. Buckley will lead all marketing strategy and execution for the region.
EB Horsman & Son has promoted Adam Dries (left) to regional VP for Alberta and Midwest. Dries possesses over two decades of experience in the electrical industry. Stephen Murray (middle) was appointed as Calgary branch manager. He most recently served as regional VP of sales for Siemens Canada. Maxim Laberge (right) has been named process instrumentation manager. He possesses over 25 years of experience.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
Satco Products Inc. has promoted Rick Hurst to vice-president, Connected Lighting. He joined Satco in 2023 as director of business development, Connected Lighting, and led the development of the Domino Networked Lighting Controls program.
After nearly 25 years of service at Brady Canada, territory manager Mike O’Dowda has retired. O’Dowda was named Brady’s North American Sales Representative of the Year in FY 2009.
Schneider Electric has named Tanguy Lequesne (left) VP of Power Products, where he will lead sales and operations in Canada. With 21 years at the company, Richard Henzie (middle) has been appointed senior director of Digital Energy, overseeing strategy and operations. With over 22 years of experience at the company, Guillaume Leparmentier (right) was appointed vice-president of Services, overseeing the Services organization in Canada.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
After more than four decades in the electrical industry, and a decade as president & CEO of Southwire, Rich Stinson (left) announced he is retiring. With nearly 40 years in the industry, company president & COO Norman Adkins (2nd from left) also announced his retirement, in April 2026. He will continue to serve as president of the International Cablemakers Federation. Ganesh Ramaswamy (3rd from left) will join the company in December as president & CEO. He currently serves as executive VP, Industrial & Energy Technology, for Baker Hughes. Southwire also launched a new Business Development Team, which will be led by senior vice-president Nedra Hurley, who joins the company from ABB (far right).
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
With the goal of creating “a new momentum to further optimize performance,” Nexans’ board of
directors has resolved to part ways with Christopher Guérin and promoted Julien Hueber as the company’s new CEO. Hueber previously served as executive managing director of Nexans’ Power Grid & Connect Europe.
Ericson Manufacturing announced a major expansion and technology investment while entering a new chapter under fourth-generation family leadership. The company is expanding into a third building in Willoughby, Ohio, preparing to add 30 jobs and modernizing its manufacturing capabilities. This year, leadership officially transitioned to brothers John Ericson (as CEO) and Josh Ericson as VP of sales.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
ABB Electrification Service’s Dr. Matthew Wise and Andressa Ferraz have been named among the Future of Field Service’s 2025 Stand Out 50 Leaders in recognition of their contributions to field service innovation and developing customer-centric energy solutions.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
James Taylor has been appointed Ontario Region president, Sonepar Canada. He previously served as president of Electrozad, and then as VP of sales and operations when it was acquired by Sonepar.
SOURCE: SUPPLIED
ABB Installation Products engineered these snap-in fittings to eliminate the need for locknuts and help ensure durable and secure connections between electrical boxes and cables with minimal effort. With nine single-snap fittings and five double-snap fittings, the snap-in solutions work with armoured cables (AC90), non-metallic sheathed cables (NMD90), and flexible metallic conduit (FMC). The cULus fittings seamlessly snap into 3/4-in. or 1/2-in. knockouts.
Hubbell Canada’s aluminum service poles promise a sleek, modern solution for managing power and data cables. The poles are available in single- or dual-channel designs and can be mounted to the floor or ceiling. They can be fitted with a variety of receptacles to meet specific requirements, including duplex, single round receptacle, Twist-Lock 20A, straight blade StyleLine, single outlet, and surge suppression receptacle. Available in four finishes, the service poles’ standard sizes range from 9-ft/6-in. to 15-ft/6 in.
Mersen’s FS Series Class J fused switch
Mersen’s new Class J fused switch combines the functionality of a switch with the high protection level of a fuse. The FS Series UL 98-listed fused disconnect switch is designed for branch circuit protection using any UL-listed Class J fuse. The FS Series delivers the high interrupting capacity of Class J fuses in the same footprint as a fuse holder.
Ipex’s Cor-Line electrical non-metallic tubing (ENT) promises corrosion resistance and easy installation, reducing labour by up to 50%. Whether encased in concrete or concealed in walls, Cor-Line ENT bends easily by hand, eliminating the need for special bending equipment. Kwikon couplings and connectors integrate with Cor-Line ENT to create a complete system. Available in 10-ft sticks, coils, or long reels, the tubing is backed by industry standards and certifications.
Generac has partnered with Ecobee to launch a smart thermostat that integrates with Generac home standby generators and PWRcell 2 solar battery storage solutions. The solution manages HVAC systems to not only optimize home energy consumption but also reduce the size of the backup system required. It is fitted with occupancy sensing technology that reacts to homeowners’ habits, promising energy and cost savings of up to 26% on annual heating and cooling.
ABB Installation Products engineered its new Carlon Flex-Plus Blue electrical non-metallic tubing (ENT) two-piece fittings to route and protect wiring, cables and utilities that power lighting, outlets, and datacom systems. Available in 1/2-in., 3/4-in., and 1-in. sizes, Carlon’s fittings have an eight-tab snap, eliminating the need for tape or PVC cement, and helping ensure cost-effective, tight installations. With over 200 lb of pull-out force, low insertion force, and
EDIST Conference & Tradeshow
Electricity Distributors Association January 20-22, Toronto eda-on.ca/events/edist
EHRC 13th Annual Awards of Excellence
Electricity Human Resources Canada February 19, Toronto ehrc.ca
Light + Building
March 8-13, Frankfurt, Germany light-building.messefrankfurt.com
IEEE Electrical Safety Workshop
March 9-13, Round Rock, Texas electricalsafetyworkshop.org
Electrical Safety, Technical, Maintenance & Projects Workshop March 23-25, Edmonton cmte.ieee.org/estmp
LEDucation Tradeshow and Conference April 14-15, New York, N.Y. leducation.org
Salon Lumen April 15-16, Montreal lumen.ca/en/exhibition
The MEET Show
May 6-7, Moncton, N.B. meetshow.ca
ECAA Annual Conference ECA of Alberta May 21-24, Jasper, Alta. ecaa.ab.ca
Skills Canada National Competition May 28-29, Toronto skillscompetencescanada.com
EASA Convention & Solutions Expo Electrical Apparatus Service Assoc. June 13-16, Orlando, Fla. easa.com/convention
EFC Annual Industry Conference Electro-Federation Canada June 2-4, Halifax electrofed.com
Got an event to share? Email the editor at acapkun@ebmag.com. Meantime, scroll through Electrical Business Magazine’s online industry calendar at ebmag.com/events for direct links to these events (and others).
• Holds 22 ft. (6.7 m) of water head pressure and up to 90 ft. (27m) surges
• Rodent-resistant formula with a bittering agent additive
• Can seal conduits of all sizes and is re-enterable
• Use with a wide range of cable jacket and conduit materials
• Meets Canadian Electrical Code requirements
freely rotating components, the fittings prevent kinks and integrate with Carlon solutions.
Belden TIAcompliant 10GXM13 Category 6A cable
With a filler-free design, Belden says its 10GXM13 Category 6A cable achieves an outside diameter that is significantly smaller than traditional 0.250-in. (5.84-mm) Cat 6A cables. Organizations can deploy 10G links with a cable nearly as small as a Cat 6, allowing for larger bundle sizes plus the ability to upgrade older Cat 6 links. Suitable for in-building Wi-Fi connections, the 10GXM13 supports all network drops in a building.
Lutron’s Bath Control Line offers four easy-to-install devices
Lutron’s new Bath Control Line offers four easy-to-install controls for automating light and airflow in bathrooms. The Diva LED+ dimmer with Night Mode produces a soft glow to make the switch easier to find in the dark. A humidity sensor switch detects changes in moisture levels and automatically controls exhaust fans. An LED+ dimmer and timer dual-switch was created for small bathrooms to control
lighting and fans from one device, while the timer switch automatically shuts off lights and fans.
Ideal Electrical says the new aerosol version of its ClearGlide wire-pulling lubricant is designed for short, indoor pulls. With a built-in nozzle and applicator tube, the no-mess foam promises a clean and precise application, with the same lubricity and quick drying that you would expect from the original ClearGlide.
Gripple’s TecLoc conduit claw promises a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective stiffening solution for MEP applications. It is compatible with 1-in. EMT, 1-in. Schedule 40 pipe, and 3/8-in., 1/2-in., and 5/8-in. rod sizes, eliminating the need for multiple SKUs. The solution was designed to be retrofittable, allowing it to be installed after services are fully suspended.
GABRIEL BONE
Technical training developer with Ontario’s Electrical Safety Authority
TACKLE THE CODE CONUNDRUM IF YOU DARE! Welcome to the newest round of questions that test your knowledge of the CE Code-Part I. Answers will appear in the March 2026 edition of Electrical Business Magazine, and online at EBMag.com under Features.
QUESTION 1
Which of the following branch circuits for a single dwelling are required to be AFCI protected?
a) 5-15R receptacle for an attached garage door opener
b) Bathroom receptacle
c) Branch circuit supplying lighting loads only
d) Dedicated receptacle for a refrigerator
QUESTION 2
Which Zone classification describes an area in which an explosive dust atmosphere, in the form of a cloud of dust in air, is present continuously, for long periods, or frequently?
a) Zone 0 c) Zone 2
b) Zone 1 d) Zone 20
QUESTION 3
For the installation of travelling cables for an elevator, what is the minimum size conductor for operating, control, signal, and communications circuits?
a) No. 14 AWG c) No. 26 AWG
b) No. 20 AWG d) No. 28 AWG
Electrical Business, September 2025 ed.
Question 1
Circuits for aisle lights located under seats in moving picture theatres may supply up to how many outlets, and what is the maximum lamp wattage permitted for each outlet?
d) 30 outlets, 25 W or less. Rule 44-106.
Question 2
What is the maximum number of consumer services of the same voltage and characteristics permitted to terminate at any one supply service in or on a building?
d) 4. Rule 6-104.
Question 3
In a commercial garage where gas-powered vehicles are serviced or repaired, how is a pit or depression below floor level classified, and how far above floor level does this classification extend?
c) Zone 2 location, up to 50 mm. Rule 20-102(3).
How did YOU do?
3 • Seasoned journeyman 1 • Apprentice
2 • Need refresher training 0 • Just here for fun!
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The concept behind EV energy management systems (EVEMSs)—the technology for managing electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE)—shows potential for managing other loads, too. Such energy management systems (EMSs) can help ensure that a site’s service or feeders are not overloaded (as required by CE Code Rule 8-104) when installed as a component of the distribution equipment.
Expanding the EVEMS concept to loads other than EVSE provides options for sites or projects where increasing the service or feeders may not be possible or practicable.
To help the industry address ongoing electrification as we pivot toward sustainable energy and reduce our collective carbon footprint, an amendment was made to the CE Code in Ontario to remove limitations on the use of EMSs.
Coupled with renewable energy and storage, the technology for energy management presents a dynamic opportunity for designers to meet the ever-changing industry and consumer needs to incorporate additional loads into established infrastructure.
Efforts are currently underway to expand the recognition of these systems across the Canadian Electrical Code nationally, but a new term is being proposed: EERE, which stands for “Electrical Energy Regulating Equipment”.
In the National Electrical Code (NEC, U.S.), the term “Energy Management
System” is a broader term that replaces the previous term “Power Control System” (PCS) from the 2023 NEC (Section 705.13). While a PCS focused on optimizing safety and performance by limiting current and preventing busbar overloading, an EMS encompasses both economic optimization and safety/ performance functions, including the ability to control both power generation and loads.
A PCS, then, can be considered a specific type of EMS, one particularly focused on the safe and effective management of power flow within the system.
As per the UL outline of investigation, a PCS monitors the output of power sources and regulates or limits current or power within predefined limits. This can involve a single device or a complex array of devices working in concert. Unlike the EMS, which focuses on
optimizing energy usage and cutting costs, the PCS addresses the essential aspects of load control and safety.
PCS installations can deliver significant benefits to end consumers. They can serve as a more affordable alternative to electrical panel or utility upgrades, thereby helping end users reduce costs and optimize energy efficiency while protecting their electrical equipment.
Product standards development will be critical for aligning terminology and ensuring that the right product with the required safety features is being utilized.
As technology evolves—EVEMS, EMS, PCS, EERE—the objective remains the same: to safely and intelligently manage electrical energy within increasingly complex systems. Whether applied to EV charging, load balancing or a distributed energy system (DES), energy management technology continues to expand its role as an essential component of modern electrical design, supporting buildings and infrastructure.
Always consult your AHJ for more specific interpretations
Nansy Hanna, P.Eng., is Senior Director, Engineering & Regulations, at Ontario’s Electrical Safety Authority (ESA). She is also Chair of the Canadian Advisory Council on Electrical Safety (CACES) and a member of the ULC Advisory Council and CSA Technical Committee on CE Code-Part I.
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