Livestock Genetic Resources of Karnataka- Present status and strategies for improving productivity

Livestock Genetic Resources of Karnataka- Present status and strategies for improving productivity Dr. R. Jayashree, Asst. Prof, Dr. M.R. Jayashankar, Prof. Head, Dept. of AGB, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore

Over view of Karnataka

Area of 191,976 square kilometres (5.83 % of the total area of India 11°30' North and 18°30' North latitudes and 74° East and 78°30' East longitude.

Map of Karnataka

Temperature Highest -45.6 °C (114.08 °F) at Raichur on May 23, 1928.

Lowest -2.8 °C (37.04 °F) at Bidar on December 16, 1918

Karnataka has one of the highest average elevations of Indian states at 1,500 feet.

Four seasons in the year: Winter season from January to February Summer season from March to May Monsoon season from May to September Post-monsoon season from October to December.

Forest cover

Soil types

Crops cultivated

Milk federations (Procurement laks kg/day_) Bangalore (12 Taluks)

11.53

Tumkur(10 Taluks)

4.22

Mysore (11 Taluks)

5.38

Shimoga (3 districts)

3.21

Hassan (17 Taluks)

5.45

Mandya (7 Taluks)

5.24

Kolar (11 Taluks)

8.65

Dharwad (4 districts)

2.56

D. Kannada (2 districts)

1

Belgaum (10 Taluks)

0.95

Gulburga & Bidar (14 Taluks)

0.51

Bijapur & Bagalkot (11 taluks) 0.85 Raichur. Bellary & Koppal (3 districts)

1.5

• Nearly 65% of the total agricultural land is cultivable with • marginal farmers (48.23%) • small (26.56%) • semi-medium (16.86%) • medium (7.31%) and • large farmers (1.05%)

Overview of the study • Distribution of different livestock species in the various agro-climatic zones of Karnataka • Mapping the location of various breeds • Correlation between the kinds of farmers and the choice of species reared by them • Suggesting the strategies for future breeding plans

Status of cattle genetic resource The state has a total cattle population of 105 lakhs with 76 per cent of them being non-descript type. Native cattle breeds as Amrithmahal, Hallikar and Malnadgidda are distributed in the southern part of the state.

Deoni breed is seen in the north eastern transition zone, Khillari breed in the northern transition zone and Krishnavalley breed in the northern dry zone. Crossbred cattle are predominantly seen in southern transition zone, eastern dry zone and coastal zone.

North eastern dry zone (Gulbarga, Raichur) Deoni

56.79% 34.64% 65017 i

North Eastern Transition zone (Bidar)

Deoni

Deo n

Zone

Zone Northern transition zone (Belgaum, Dharwad, Haveri) Northern dry zone (Bagalkot, Bijapur, Koppal, Bellary, Gadag) Khillari

Khillari 51.68% 29.39% 436882

RI A ILL H K

Zone Amruthmahal Hill zone (Chikmagalore) 41.53% Central dry zone 26.38% (Chitradurga, Davangere) Southern transition zone 19.46% (Shimoga. Hassan, Mysore) Amruthmahal 92317

TH U R L M A HA MA

Zone Southern transition zone (Shimoga. Hassan, Mysore) Eastern dry zone (Tumkur, Bangalore, Ramnagar, Chikballapur,Kolar) Hallikar

Hallikar 39.25% 27.86% 1960335

IKA LL HA R

Zone

Krishnavalley

Northern dry zone (Bagalkot, Bijapur, Koppal, Bellary, Gadag) North eastern dry zone (Gulbarga, Raichur, Yadgir) Krishnavalley

K

39.58% 18.06% 1905

Y E L AL V NA H RIS

Other indigenous/Nondescript

8012930

Crossbred

2063189

Overall cattle

10076507

-D n No

ipt c es

a aln M a idd dg

bre s s o r C

d

Status of buffalo genetic resource  The buffalo population is 43.21 lakhs, with 87 per cent of them being non-descript.  other breeds as the Murrah, Pandarpuri and Surthi are spread across the northern dry, northern transition and north eastern zones.

Buffalo Breeds

Northern transition zone

24.65%

Northern dry zone

19.13%

Murrah

99634

MURRAH

Northern transition zone

23.52%

Eastern dry zone Surthi

22.40% 339468

T SUR HI

SURTHI

Northern dry zone

21.98%

Northern transition zone

50.94%

Pandarpuri

6268

PAN DAR PUR I

Status of sheep genetic resource • The sheep and goat population are 95.32 lakhs with non- descript sheep constituting 51% of the population.

• Kenguri and Bellary are found in northern dry zone • Deccani breed is distributed in the northern transition zone • Hassan and Mandya sheep breeds are found widely in the eastern dry zone.

SHEEPÂ BREEDS

Northern dry zone Bellari

33.10% 1725245

RI LLA BE

HASSAN

Eastern dry zone Southern dry zone Southern transition zone Hassan

43.86% 23.89% 29.53% 6335205

Eastern dry zone

43.18%

Southern dry zone

23.72%

Mandya

470659

YA D N A M

North Eastern dry zone Northern dry zone Kenguri

44.2% 48.4% 438346

KENGURI

Non-descript sheep Non-descript

Non-descript

Eastern dry zone- 30.69% Northern dry zone-25.85% Overall non-descript- 4913851

Status of goat genetic resource • The goat population is 61.43 lakhs with non- descript goats constituting 85% of the population.

• Lesser known goat breeds as Nandidurg and Bidri are distributed in the central and northern part of the state respectively.

Northern transition zone- 64.08% Osmanabadi -208566

ad b a an m s O

i

Eastern dry zone (39.71%) Central dry zone (53.32%) Nandidurg- 635424

Nandidurg

Other indigenous (Jamnapari, Sirohi, Non-descript)

North eastern dry zone(28.48%) Northern dry zone(21.4%) Eastern dry zone (15.59%) Non- descript - 5232291

No n

-d

es

cr ipt

Distribution of different types of farmers

Observation 1 • Marginal farmer prefer to rear crossbred cattle • Highest number of small farmers prefer cattle rearing and buffalo rearing • Medium, semi-medium and large farmers prefer to rear sheep and goats

Observation-2 • Barren, cultivable waste land and pasture are higher in eastern dry zone • Fallow lands are highest in northern dry zone • Trees are highest in coastal zone • Pasture land and other fallow lands are highest in Southern transition zone • Total cropped areas are higher in Northern dry zone and North eastern dry zone.

Observation-3 • All of the livestock species are found in Eastern dry zone • Buffalo, sheep and goat are preferred in northern zones (NETZ and NDZ) • Cattle, buffalo and crossbred are predominant in southern transition zone • Sheep is the major species in Central dry zone and crossbred cattle is predominant in coastal zone

Conclusion • Breeding programme should be planned based on the type of farmers and their preference, land utilization pattern, availability of fodder and agricultural practices • Breed distribution in different agro-climatic zones should be a criteria for conservation of different breeds • Region specific breeding policy has to developed

Thank You