NATIONAL POLICE TO CLIMATE CHANGE BRAZIL

The role of Climate Change in Brazil National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change the case of Brazil

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

What about ?

Brazil

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil BASIC INFORMATION • PORTUGUESE COLONIZATION 1500 • INDEPENDENCE 1822 • OFICIAL LANGUAGE: PORTUGUESE • FEDERATIVE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC GEOGRAPHY MAP SOURCE: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil BASIC INFORMATION • 5º LARGEST CONTRY: 8 515 767.049 km² • LOW DENSITY : 25 per Km2 • POPULATION: 210,537,113 inhabitants • 84.3 % OF THE POPULATION IN URBAN DENSITY MAP SOURCE: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil Brazilian Constitution (1988 )

Federative Republic of Brazil

- Decentralized government system -Federal, state and municipal power

-5 Regions: North, Northeast, Central West, Southeast and South -Ministries; Secretariats; Councils

-design and implement national regional plans of territorial organization and socio- economic development on federal level Regions and States Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics

*eradication of poverty and reduction of the social economic and regional inequality National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Basic information Administrative decentralization

Sectored administration of public investment: health, infrastructure, education, universal mobility, transport, Environment Climate Change, Risk Management etc.‌ Policial frame Source: by autor National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Basic information Administrative decentralization

The Pluriannual Plan It needs to be approved in each power level (federal, state and municipal) and is valid for 4 years.

It is the most important tool of planning and needs to preview the investment in each sector of public administration: Health, Education, Social Assistance, Infrastructure, Social Housing, Transport and, Agriculture and Climate Change Elaboration: National Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management Source: Pluriannual Plan National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

CO2

EMISSION

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

IN COMPARASION GLOBAL RATES 1) HIGH INDEX OF USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 2) FOREST AREA 4.935.380 (sq.km) 60% OF TERRITORY

3) CO2 EMISSION 503,577 co2(kt) 4) CO2 EMISSION (ton/capita) 2.96

SOURCE: WORLD BANK

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil DOMESTIC ELETRICITY SUPPLY • Large share of renewable energy by hydropower • Investiment on solar energy • Investiment on Wind energy SOURCE: National Balance of Energy. Mynistry of Energy

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil DOMESTIC ENERGY SUPPLY Consumption: 43% Renewable Energy SOURCE: WORLD BANK

SOURCE: National Balance of Energy, Brazilian Mynistry of Energy

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

IN COMPARASION

FOREST Forests present a significant global carbon stock accumulated through growth of trees and an increase in soil carbon •

13% OF GLOBAL AREA

•

60% OF NATIONAL TERRITORY

•

30 % OF WORLD TROPICAL FOREST

SOURCE: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE OF UNITED NATIONS FOREST MAP SOURCE: United Nations National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil ECONOMIC ASPECTS • GDP NATIONAL: 1,775 TRILLION • GDB/PER CAPITA: 8,53 • POVERTY INDEX: 7,4 SOURCE: WORLD BANK

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living SOURCE: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

IN COMPARASION

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION • Historic low emission rates • TOTAL EMISSION 2013 : 503,577 co2(kt) • Largest share of CO2 emissions in land use change activities EMISSION OF CO2 PER CAPITA, 2013 SOURCE: WORLD BANK

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

NATIONAL RATES

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION • Deforestation of Amazonia • Change of land use for agriculture • Grow of energy consumption • Management of waste • Grow of industrial activities • Economic Grow

BRASILIEN CO2 EMISSION PER SECTOR: SOURCE: National Plan to Climate Change National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

AMAZON DESFORESTATION CAUSES

DESFORESTATION RATES SOURCE: National plan against the Amazon Desforestation

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LAND USE CHANGES

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CATTLE RANCH

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LARGE SCALE AGRICULTURE

•

SLASH-AND-BURN

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AGRICULTURAL PATTERN

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MINING

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HYDRO-DAMS

•

ROADS CONSTRUCTION

ANTROPHIC IMPACT IN AMAZON FOREST SOURCE: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

vulnerability?

Of Climate Change

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

vulnerability?

Of Climate Change

vulnerability?

Of Climate Change

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

vulnerability?

Of Climate Change

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

GROW OF EXTREMS EVENT: RAINFALLS, FLOOD, DROUGHS IMPACT ON VULNERABLE SOCIAL GROUPS INCREASE OF DESASTER OCCURENCE IMPACT IN FOOD SECURITY INCREASE OF DEASESES

vulnerability?

DAMAGE INFRAESTRUCTURE SYSTEM

Of Climate Change

FLOOTING OF COASTAL CITIES

CHANGE AND LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY IMPACT IN WATER SYSTEM IMPACT IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AS AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil vulnerability

1. Temperature change 2. Rainfall change

TEMPERATURE CHANGE SOURCE: National Plan to Climate Change

RAINFALL CHANGE SOURCE: National Plan to Climate Change National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil vulnerability

Social vulnerability

SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE SOURCE: National Plan to Climate Change National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil vulnerability

Disasters of Droughts

MAP OF VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DESASTER OF DROUGHT SOURCE: National Plan to Climate Change

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil vulnerability

Food Security

MAP OF FOOD SECURITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE SOURCE: National Plan to Climate Change

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Public policies To Climate Change in Brazil?

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH

CIVIL PARTICIPATION

INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION

REDUTION OF POVERTY

ACADEMIA INSTUTIONAL COOPERATION

REDUCTION OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT

IMPROVIMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

PREVENTION

DATA COLLECTION

Adaptatation and mitigation INTEGRATED GOVERNANCE

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT

INTEGRATED PLANS

THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEGE MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL FUNDING SOURCES National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

INTEGRATED COORDENATION LEGISLATION

CREATION OF NATIONAL FUNDS Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

TIME LINE environment protection in Movement in Brazil

National System of Conservation Units

Ministry of Foreign Affairss + Ministry of Science and Technology

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UN-FCCC

Inter-Ministerial comission on Global climate Change

Rede Clima

Decree 9985/2000

Inter-Ministerial permanente comission on National climate Change Decree nº 6.263/2007

Brazilian Climate Change Forum

National Plan on Climate Change

1970____ 1990___ 1992 ____1999_____2000______2002_____2007______2008__

CLIMA CHANGE+NATIONAL POLICY+GLOBAL POLICY 2009_____2010_______2011/2012____________2013_______2015_______2016 National Plan of Climate Change Decree nº 12187/2009

Regulation for creation of Sectorial Plans of Climate Change Decree nº 7390/2010

Technical group to design the National Plan of Adaptation to Climate Change

• • • • • • • • •

DEVELOPMENT OF SECTORS PLANS PPCDAM – Plan against disforestation of Amazonia forest PPCerrado – Plan against deforestation of Cerrado PDE – Energy Development Plan Plano ABC- Plan of low carbon Agriculture system Plano Indústria- Plan for low carbon industrial development PMBC Plan of low carbon mining actives PSTM- Plan of Transport and Mobility Plan for mitigation and Adaptation on Health sector Plan to reduce emission in steel industry

Review of National Plan on Climate Change

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution UN-FCCC Paris 2015

National Plan of Adaptation of Climate Change

Development of plan and Public consultation about National Plan of Adaptation to Climate Change

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation strategies

NATIONAL PLAN TO CLIMATE CHANGE 2007 MAIN GOALS • Stimulate sustainable efficiency and better practices in the economic sectors • Keep the high share of renewable energy in the electric matrix

• Encourage the sustainable increase in the share of biofuels in the national transport matrix • Seek for sustained reduction deforestation to reach zero illegal deforestation • Inter-sector actions to reduction of the vulnerabilities of populations • Identification of environmental impacts resulting from climate change and stimulates scientific research to trace out a strategies of mitigation and adaptation National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation strategies

NATIONAL PLAN TO CLIMATE CHANGE 2007 SECTOR PLANS • PPCDAM – Plan against deforestation of Amazonia forest • PPCerrado – Plan against deforestation of Cerrado • PDE – Energy Development Plan • Plano ABC- Plan of low carbon Agriculture system • Plano Indústria- Plan for low carbon industrial development • PMBC Plan of low carbon mining actives

• PSTM- Plan of Transport and Mobility • Plan for mitigation and Adaptation on Health sector • Plan to reduce emission in steel industry National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation strategies Main Goals

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation strategy Specific Goals

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation strategies DEVELOPMENT Inter-diciplinary approuch Interministerial cooperation Integration of plans

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adaptation and mitigation strategies 11 NATIONAL SECTORES OF ACTION • • • • • • • • • • •

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

AGRICULTURE INFRAESTRUCTURE VULNERABLE POPULATION HEALTH FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY WATER RSOURCES CITIES DISASTER RISK AND MANAGMENT INDUSTRY AND MINING COASTAL ZONES BIODIVERSITY ANS ECOSYSTEMS

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

EXAMPLE OF STRATEGY FOR BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT “Strengthen measures for conservation, recovery and sustainable use of biodiversity, aimed at increasing connectivity between remnants of ecosystems and consolidation of Conservation Units, with a view to promoting integrated landscapescale forest management and reducing the vulnerability of biological resources”

Brazil

STRATEGY FOR MOBILITY “Strengthening of mass-transit infrastructure and popularization of non-motorized individual transport, through facilitation of intermodal integration and flexibility in the system” STRATEGY FOR VULNERABLE POPULATION “adapting, coordinating, integrating and proposing actions to promote access to health, education and social infrastructure, with a view to promoting sustainable production, generating income, and fostering environmental and territorial management of areas for traditional use and occupation, to ensure quality of life, access to and sustainable use of natural resources, environmental conservation and promotion of human rights for extractive and riparian communities.”

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

EXAMPLE OF LOCAL PROJECT

Biodiversity and Climate Change in the Antlantic Forest

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation project BRAZILIAN GERMANY COOPERATION •

MINITTRY OF ENVIRONMENT (MMA)

• •

INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE INITIATIVE (IKI) GERMAN FEDERAK MINISTRY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL, NATURE CONSERVATION, BUILDING AND NUCLEAR SAFETY (BMUB) DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR INTERNATIONALE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GIZ) GmbH AND KFW DEVELOPMENT BANK BRAZILIEAN BIODIVERSITY FUND(FUNBIO)

• • • • • • • •

CHICO MENDES INSTITUTE FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION (ICMBIO) ATLANTIC FOREST RESTORATION PACT (PACTO) ANTLANTIC FOREST NGO NETWORK (RMA) MUNICIPALITYS FOREST BIOSPHERE RESERVE (RBMA)

SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Atlantic Forest

15% of Brazil was covered by Atlantic forest Nowadays remans only 7% of the Bioma High density of population High index of fragmentation Traditional communities living in protect areas Original Atlantic Forest Remnant of Atlantic Forest

SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Antrophofic theats

Ilegal deforestation of protect areas

Uncontrolled extractives activities

Landslide

Uncontrolled extractives activities

• • • • • • •

Uncontrolled extractives activities Deforestation Land slide Large undertakings Lack of human resources Lack of adequate monitoring tools Lack of management tools in local level

SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation project

THE ATLANTIC FOREST FUNDAMENTAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Clima regulation Provision of water fot human population, industry and agriculture Production of food, fiber, fruit, oil, etc Biodiversity

Magnificent scenic beauty landscapes Mantaince of slopes and attenuation of floods SOURCE: Minitry of Environment

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil Municipal plans of conservation and recover of Atlantic Forest

Municipal plans of conservation and recover of Atlantic Forest

Promotion of system of payment to environmental services

expansion and consolidation of protected areas

Main golas

Environmental adaptation of rural proprieties & promotion of sociobiodiversity

field of approach

Contribution for conservation, sustainable use and reforestation of Atlantic forest 1)

Public policies and governance

2)

One of the five most important hotspots of biodiversity in the world Significant carbon sink in global scene

SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil actions against the deforestation and high fragmentation of environment system

Promotion of sustainable agriculture assuring environmental connectivity

Increase the vegetation of Atlantic forest

Challenges and opportunities of Atlantic Forest Preservation of carbon sink and mitigation of climate change

Promotion of sustainable use of natural resources and income to rural production

Ensure the water supply system and other services of ecosystem

Challanges and oportunities

How to prevent the deforestation, environment protection & Sustainable economic develpoment of the population

Preservation of extreme events and promotion of adaptation to climate change

SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation project

PROJECT COMPONENTS 1) Development scenarios and vulnerability analyses 2) Economic instruments for conservation (payment for environmental services, fiscal incentives, compensation, mechanisms) 3) Measure for climate change mitigation and adaptation: conservation and ecosystem restoration 4) Public polices and governance. Communication and dissemination

for experiences and capacity building for key players from organized civil society and other stakeholders SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation project

GOVERNANCE AND TERRITORY WHERE? 1) Extrem South of Bahia 2) Central Atlantic Forest 3) Lagamar Mosaic HOW? All governance levels 1) Local, state, federation and International 2) Public and Private Sector, research institute and civil society organization 3) Policy advise and capacity building SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Adptation and mitigation project

Funding?

18,3 million KIK/BMUB EU Finacial coorperation Technical coopertation Brazil

14,3 million 7,9 million 6,4 million 4,0 million

SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

Brazil

Main results

• Support to creation and expansion of environmental Areas (~500.000 h) and technical approach in 2,1 million hectares • Promotion of system of payment of environmental services 900 000 hectares • Direct benefit of 1700 families • Far education for communities living in Protect Areas • Environmental mitigation of 40 000 hectares • Elaboration of Municipal Plans to Conservation and Recover of Atlantic Forest • Elaboration of spatial strategy of integration • Mobilization and sensitization of civil socity, NGOs, private sector, local government • Publication of the experiences and public viability in the site of environment ministry • Publication to support “decision Making” in public policies.

SOURCE: Minitry of Environment National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

thank you!

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017

references: BRAZILIAN PLANS: CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL (1988) NATIONAL PLAN TO CLIMATE CHANGE NATIONAL ADAPTATIONPLAN TO CLIMATE CHANGE – EXECUTIVE SUMARY NATIONAL ADAPTATIONPLAN TO CLIMATE CHANGE – SECTORIAL PLAN PLURIANUAL PLAN 20016 NATIONAL ENERGETIC BALANCE ACADEMIC REFERENCES: Persson&Christian Azar,”Brazil beyond Kyoto, Prospect and handing Desforestation in a Second Commitment Period” Chalmers University of Technology, 2004 websites: http://www.mma.gov.br/ http://www.mi.gov.br/ http://www.ibge.gov.br http://data.worldbank.org/country/brazil?locale=pt https://www.giz.de/de/weltweit/23672.html

National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change

Ana Beatriz Nestlehner Cardoso de Almeida 2017