Building Science & Services

Bachelor of Arts ( Honours) in Interior Architecture BLD62304 Building Science and Services

Project 1:LIGTHING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT Lecturer : Ms Sharon Teoh Jia Ern 0343729

ORIGINAL SITE ACTIVITY : 1. CHILL AND RELAX 2. WATCH TV 3. ENTERTAIN GUEST

measurement : 20 FT x 18 FT x 23 FT CEILING

GROUND FLOOR PERSPECTIVE

MEZZANINE FLOOR PERSPECTIVE

LEFT SIDE OF THE LIVING ROOM RIGHT SIDE OF THE HALL

DISCOMFORT AREA NOT COOL ENOUGH TEMPERATURE TAKEN AT 2.45 PM

unable to cool space to ideal temperature

WITHOUT AIRCONDITIONG

WITH AIRCONDITIONG

Air conditioner sizing calculation ROOM AREA = (WIDTH X HEIGHT )X 2 =(6M X 5.5M )X2 =66M^2 66M^2X700 =46200 BTU/HR OCCUPANTS =4 PPL X 500 BTU =2000 BTU/HR REFERENCE TABLE OF TV POWER CONSUMPTION

EQ= 55’ LCD TV = 180 WATT 4 D&D 30W LED COB DOWNLIGHT = 120 WATT SAMSUNG HW-F751 SOUND BAR = 40 WATT = 180 WATT + 120 WATT + 40 WATT = 340 WATT X 3.5 = 1190 BTU/HR TOTAL BTU/HR = 46200 BTU/HR + 2000 BTU/HR + 1190 BTU/HR = 49390 BTU/HR

appliances: 55’ LCD TV 4 D&D 30W LED COB DOWNLIGHT 2 14W LED WALL SCONCES

AIR CONDITIONER SIZING =49390 BTU/HR / 9800 BTU/HR =5.0397 ~ 5 HP

SAMSUNG HW-F751 SOUND BAR

OFTEN IN USE

RARELY IN USE

CURRENT AIR CONDITIONER SHARP AIR CONDITIONER 2.0 HP (NON-INVERTER)

X1

INSUFFICIENT HORSE POWER

R32 Refrigerant Auto & 3-Step Fan speed Setting LCD Wireless Remote Control 24-Hour On/Off Timer Dual Drain Setting

PROPOSED SOLUTION INSTALL 2 UNITS OF 2.5 HP DAIKIN INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER

PRICE=RM3300 X2 =RM6600

Replace existing AC

Add an additional AC here where there was initially a point for AC which was covered when moved in

JUSTIFICATION Firstly, I think it is necessary to install 2 units of 2.5 hp inverter air conditioning because the current 1 unit of 2 hp non - inverter air conditioning is insufficient to cool down the living room to an ideal temperature . The necessary hp needed to cool down the living area is 5hp which is a pretty big gap from the current 2hp used making it uncomfortable for the users especially in a hot country like Malaysia. Also, Inverter AC are able to cool down a room uniformly compared to normal AC that would only restart when the room warms up again.

Secondly, I think it is more ideal to use inverter air conditioning. As it uses less electricity compared to normal AC because it operates at a variable speed instead of a fixed speed allowing it to not have to turn on and off constantly as how a normal AC would which consumes more energy. Also, the inverter AC would be more quiet as the compressor does not need to turn on and off constantly.

Thirdly, the inverter AC is also a better choice for the environment. The inverter AC uses R410A or R32 refrigerant compared to normal AC that uses HCFC which contains chlorine substance that causes the thinning of the ozone layer.

Fourthly, The inverter AC last longer compared to normal AC as normal AC would have more wear and tear due to the constant on and off.

Next, it would help the house owner to save money in the long term. As the owner plans to keep the house for at least another 10 years. I think it is appropriate to use the inverter AC as it has a lower maintenance cost, lower electricity bill and also better performance in comparison to a normal AC with a small difference of RM 3300 for a 2.5hp inverter AC compared to RM 2822 for a normal 2.5 hp AC from DAIKIN. Lastly, I chose to install 2 units of 2.5hp inverter AC instead of 1 5hp unit because it would be better to have the option to choose either to turn both on at the same time or only one at a time. Also, as it is an inverter AC I do not need to worry about needing an extra compressor as both the AC can share the same compressor.

JUSTIFICATION

CON......

ENERGY CONSUMPTION AVERGAE USAGE OF AC A DAY = 4 HOURS USAGE OF AC A MONTH = 30 DAYS X 4 HOURS = 120 HOURS PER MONTH ENERGY CONSUPTION OF INVERTER AC PER HOUR =1840 W 1840 W/ 1000 = 1.84 KWH 1.84 KWH X 120 HOURS = 220.8 KWH FIRST 200 KWH = 200 KWH X 21.8CENTS =RM 43.6 THE BALANCE 20.8KWH = 20.8KWH X 33.4 CENTS = RM6.95 TOTAL = RM50.55 PER MONTH

ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF NORMAL 2.5 AC PER HOUR =2140 W

TNB Electricity Rate

2140W / 1000 = 2.14KWH 2.14 KWH X 120 HOURS = 256.8 KWH FIRST 200 KWH = 200 KWH X 21.8 CENTS = RM 43.6 THE BALANCE 56.9KWH = 56.8X 33.4 CENTS = RM18.97 TOTAL= RM62.57 PER MONTH

SAVINGS PER HOUR AT USE OF AC AT THE SAME RATE = RM62.57 - RM50.55 = RM12.02

price of a normal 2.5 hp AC from Daikin

SAVINGS PER MONTH AT USE OF AC AT THE SAME RATE = RM12.02 X 120 HOURS = RM 1442.4 DIFFERENCE OF PRICE BETWEEN INVERTER AC & NORMAL AC OF 2.5 HP FROM DAIKIN = RM 3300- RM 2822 = RM 478 JUSTIFICATION FOR CHOOSING INEVERTER AC VS NORMAL AC : DIFFERENCE OF PRICE TO INTSALL A 2.5HP INVERTER AC VS A 2.5 HP NORMAL AC CAN BE RECOVERED WITHIN HALF MONTH OF USAGE FOR THIS LIVING ROOM.

P R O P O S E D S O L U T I O N CON......

ADDING TINTING TO THE WINDOWS JUSTIFICATION

Fan in placed below the LED Downlight

Although installing 2 units of 2.5 hp inverter AC is sufficient to cool down the living room when both of them are on. But it is not ideal for the owner to have the AC on at all times. In order to still keep the temperature of the living area low when the AC is of. Adding tinting to the windows are a good choice. Especially since it is a passive way to cool down the living room with only a one time payment which is wise in the long run. In today’s hot weather, one of the most effective ways to reduce heat from entering the building is to tint the glass surfaces with window film. Windows tinting can provide window film rejects up to 90% Total Solar Energy, keeping your interior cool and comfortable.

Also, adding tinting would also reduce the electricity consumption even when the AC is on as the temperature in the living area would be reduced as solar heat entering the living room is already lower.

Not only that, but adding tinting also has many other benefits such as blocking harmful UV rays. Constantly being exposed to too much UV ray is bad for the skin and could cause skin cancer in the long run. With consideration of the high usage of the area. It is important to consider the potential health hazard the intense sunlight would cause towards the user and reduce the amount of UV ray exposed to the home owner and also the furniture in the room.

Windows tinting reject up to 99.5% of damaging UV rays. It will protect all interior furnishing from fading.

Followed by that, Window tinting enhances the aesthetic value of your residence, thus making it more appealing to the public. It also provide privacy to residence in the daytime for being able to have high visibility from the inside but not from outside.. Having such a big piece of window can also some with it's down. Although it is nice to look out from the living room. But others can also look in. In order to protect the privacy of the home owner it is advisable to use tinting in order to lower the see through rate of the window while allowing them to look out.

Lastly, the big glass panels are also a safety hazard. They can break when there is a force hitting. Whether it is to prevent burglars from breaking or to prevent the glass shattering from the house owner hitting it and having glass shatter on them. It is advisable to have the windows tinted for security and safety consideration. Especially since the mother in the house has weak knees and may fall and hit the glass when walking. Window tinting acts as a protective shield to protect the occupants and properties against the danger of broken glass. Window tints act as a ‘safety net’ by holding the shattered glasses together should they break.

MOVING SHADOW CASTING FROM THE CEILING FAN WHEN THE LIGHTS ARE TURNED ON IS DISTURBING

Fan in placed below the LED Downlight

Positioning of the fan below the 4 led lights are disturbing at night when the lights are on and the user is trying to read or write in the living room as the moving fan shadow is cast on the paper making it difficult to concentrate.

PROPOSED SOLUTION Remove the existing fan and replace it with a drop down Lighting to avoid having shadow casting from the fan that is distracting the homeowner. This will also help improve the aesthetic of the space giving it a main focus piece in the area. Other than that. I would add in a floor fan to help cool down the space and aid air seculation in the area in the.

The living room area is fairly cooling in the morning as it is positioned at the top of the hill next to a forest. At this time the owner does not need the use of a fan for ventilation as all the doors and windows are open.

The floor fan can be used when the whether is slightly hotter and the owner needs some air seculation and cooling. Though it is smaller in size. But because the Otto floor fan can be moved around. The floor fan can be positioned in front of the owner which is sufficient enough to keep them cool when sitting in the living room.

Also,it is also cost saving because the ceiling is so high up it is expensive to maintain and clean the ceiling fan as a scaffolding would be needed in order to reach it. As the owners would turn on the fan in the after noon and evening daily it is not ideal to use the ceiling fan in the long run as it would have frequent wear and tear leading up to more frequent need for maintainence.

Compared to that, having a light placed there would be more cost saving in the long run as it is a feature light. The house owner would not need to turn it on a daily basis. It is mostly use as a decoration item and a wow factor that can be turned on when guest are visiting or for special occasions. On the other days, the 4 downlight is more than sufficient. \Lastly,the 2 ceiling light would also be removed as the current homeowner is unhappy with how it look there and there is no need for so many lights in one room. Other than that, the new inverter air conditioning would be placed at the position where the lights currently are. Having too many items placed in that area would cause a clutter and make it look messy.

Ceiling lights that will be removed Ceiling light that will be installed

Floor fan that will be placed in the living room

DIFFICULTY IN HEARING CLEARLY IN THE LIVING ROM DUE TO ECHO

No curtain

The living room area is 20ft x 18 ft x 23 ft which is pretty big and relatively less fabric is used in this area. Therefore the sound in this room bounces back from the wall and resonates in the area making it difficult to listen precisely. It causes concern for the home owner as it is difficult to listen to the stereo or TV in this area which is the main activity carried out here. In order to lessen the echo. I will add in curtain for the window so that there is more fabric to absorb the sound in this room.

Other than that, it will also be helpful in cooling down the area passively. This is because Curtains or drapes can help insulate rooms as they reduce the amount of air exchange between the window and the rest of the room. Which can potentially reduce the electricity consumption of the AC when it is on in the afternoon and evening.

Lastly, Along with providing more light control, thicker fabrics in dark colors will also provide more privacy. In order to still allow natural light in and to not block the view from the living room . I decided to install a layer of sheer curtain and a layer of thick curtain that would be held to the sides majority of the time. This will not only be able to act as an absorber of the echo in the room, help cool down thee area passively but also increase the aesthetic of the room to make it look grand and put together.

THE SIZE OF THE WINDOW IS 4800 MM X 6400MM

The sizes available for the shear Solution: Install 2 pieces of 2540mm x 6350mm Shear curtain Each piece would be made using 2 pieces of 2540mm x 3175mm fabric joint vertically Thus 4 pieces of M Zama French Pleat Custom Made Curtain is needed for the shear.

5mm was left for the shear curtain to be above the ground so it looks better when hanged up.

Price subjected to 20 % of discount from MK

Price Calculation = Price per unit after discount x unit =RM 377.20 x4 = RM 1508.80

THE SIZE OF THE WINDOW IS 4800 MM X 6400MM

COLOR OF CHOICE

white warm

The sizes available for the Dim Out Curtain Solution: Install 2 pieces of 2540mm x 6500mm Shear curtain Each piece would be made using 3 pieces of 2540mm x 2694 mm fabric joint vertically Thus 6 pieces of M La Apoma French Pleat Custom Made Curtain.

100 mm was left for the dim out curtain to be laying on the floor for a more luxurious look SInce the height of the available choice is fixed . The only opition was to purchase 3 pieces of fabric for 1 piece of curtain and have ithe additional fabric cut of by the simstress.

Price Calculation = Price per unit x unit =RM 689 x6 = RM 4134

PERSPECTIVE VIEWS

BILL OF QUANTITIES LIGHTING AND VAC

Bachelor of Arts ( Honours) in Interior Architecture BLD62304 Building Science and Services

Project 02: Indoor Comfort Design and ‘Invention’ Lecturer : Ms Sharon Teoh Jia Ern 0343729

Task 2A: Recording and measurement of 4 facings of external walls of chosen building

Introduction of Site

The site is a 2 story bungalow located in Twin Palms Kemensah, Ampang Jaya with the main gate facing 55 degree North East looking out towards Bukit Tabur.

This is the reading I took standing facing out towards the road from inside the house's main gate

Objectives of the project : Identify the facings of the 4 external walls of the chosen area.

Identify their materials and estimate / measure their dimensions.

Measure each wall's internal and external temperature at 3 different times of the day.

Calculate the heat transfer based on relevant examples.

Conclusion + Reflection based on the findings.

Identify the wall panel that is most critical/highest heat gain / most utilized space for product development

Choosen space - Main living room

This is the reading I took standing in the middle of the living room facing the TV console

Indication of the chosen 4 walls:

Wall 1

Wall 2

Wall 3

Wall 4

S

E

W

N

Wall 1

Wall 2 Wall 3

Wall 4

Furniture Layout Plan

General Overview : 1. The plan is of the ground floor of the House.

2. There is an AC in the main living room so all interior temperature would be 19 Celcius.

3. Wall 1,3 and 4 are exterior walls.

4. Wall 2 is an internal wall.

5. Wall 4 faces the west so it is exposed the most to the sun from 12001700.

6. All walls are build of common bricks and concrete with plastering and painted with white paint.

7. External walls are 8'' thick 8. Internal walls are 4'' thick

Wall internal & external temperature:

R values : 1. Exterior walls 8''= 1.11 2. Interior walls 4'' = 0.80 3. Window glass = 0.91 4. Door =2.17

Wall 1 Heat Transfer Calculation Wall 1 Specifications: 1. Length = 20ft (6096 mm) 2. Height = 23ft (7010 mm) 3. Area = Area of whole wall - Area of Window = 460 ft^2 - 63 ft^2 = 397 ft^2 4. Materials = 8'' Cement wall 5. R value = 1.1

Wall 1 Window Specifications : 1. Length = 3ft (900 mm) 2. Height = 21ft (6600 mm) 3. Area = Length x Height = 63 ft^2 4. Materials = MS RHS frame with single panel window 5. R value = 0.91

Wall's Temperature: Wall internal & external temperature:

Window's Temperature: Window internal & external temperature:

WINDOW’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION WINDOW MORNING Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =63 ft^2 X (77F – 69.8F) 0.91 = 63 ft^2 X 7.2F 0.91 = 453.6Btu/hr 0.91 = 498.46Btu/hr

WINDOW AFTERNOON Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =63 ft^2 X (89F – 77F) 0.91 = 63 ft^2 X 12F 0.91 = 756Btu/hr 0.91 = 830.77Btu/hr

WINDOW EVENING Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =63 ft^2 X (84F – 80.6F) 0.91 = 63 ft^2 X 3.4F 0.91 = 214.2Btu/hr 0.91 = 235.38Btu/hr

WALL 1’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION

WALL 1 MORNING Q3= (WALL 1 – WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= (460ft^2 – 63ft^2) X (77F – 69.8F) 1.1

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 1 + WINDOW)

= 2598.55Btu/hr+498.46Btu/hr =3097.01Btu/hr

=397 ft^2 X 7.2F 1.1 = 2858.4Btu/hr 1.1 = 2598.55Btu/hr

WALL 1 AFTERNOON Q3= (WALL 1 – WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= (460ft^2 – 63ft^2) X (89F – 77F) 1.1

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 1 + WINDOW)

= 4330.91Btu/hr+830.77Btu/hr =5161.68Btu/hr

=397 ft^2 X 12F 1.1 = 4764Btu/hr 1.1 = 4330.91Btu/hr

WALL 1 EVENING Q3= (WALL 1 – WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= (460ft^2 – 63ft^2) X (84F – 80.6F) 1.1 =397 ft^2 X 3.4F 1.1 = 1349.8Btu/hr 1.1 = 1227.09Btu/hr

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 1 + WINDOW)

= 1227.09Btu/hr+235.38Btu/hr =1462.47Btu/hr

Wall 2 Heat Transfer Calculation Wall 2 Specifications:

A

B

Wall's Temperature: Wall internal & external temperature:

1. Length = A - 4.46ft (1360 mm) B - 2.43ft (740mm) 1. Height = 8.86ft (2700 mm) 2. Area = Area of Wall A + Area of Wall B = 39.52ft^2 + 21.53ft^2 = 61.05ft^2 4. Materials = 4'' Cement wall 5. R value = 0.80

WALL 2’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION

WALL 2 MORNING Q4= WALL 2 AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= 61.05ft X (77F – 69.8F) 0.80 =61.05 ft^2 X 7.2F 0.80 = 439.56Btu/hr 0.80 = 549.45Btu/hr

WALL 2 AFTERNOON Q4= WALL 2 AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= 61.05ft X (89F – 77F) 0.80 =61.05 ft^2 X 12F 0.80 = 732.6Btu/hr 0.80 = 915.75Btu/hr

WALL 2 EVENING Q4= WALL 2 AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= 61.05ft X (84F – 80.6F) 0.80 =61.05 ft^2 X 3.4F 0.80 = 207.57Btu/hr 0.80 = 259.46Btu/hr

Wall 3 Heat Transfer Calculation Wall 3 Specifications: 1. Length = 18ft (5486.4 mm) 2. Height = 23ft (7010 mm) 3. Area = Area of whole wall - Area of Window - Area of Door = 414 ft^2 - 63 ft^2 - 35.26ft^2 = 315.74 ft^2 4. Materials = 8'' Cement wall 5. R value = 1.1

Wall 3 Window Specifications : 1. Length = 3ft (900 mm) 2. Height = 21ft (6600 mm) 3. Area = Length x Height = 63 ft^2 4. Materials = MS RHS frame with single panel window 5. R value = 0.91

Wall 3 Door Specifications : 1. Length = 3.98ft (1200 mm) 2. Height = 8.86ft (2700 mm) 3. Area = Length x Height = 35.26 ft^2 4. Materials = MS RHS frame with wood hollow core flush 5. R value = 2.17

WINDOW’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION WINDOW MORNING Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =63 ft^2 X (77F – 69.8F) 0.91 = 63 ft^2 X 7.2F 0.91 = 453.6Btu/hr 0.91 = 498.46Btu/hr

WINDOW AFTERNOON Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =63 ft^2 X (89F – 77F) 0.91 = 63 ft^2 X 12F 0.91 = 756Btu/hr 0.91 = 830.77Btu/hr

WINDOW EVENING Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =63 ft^2 X (84F – 80.6F) 0.91 = 63 ft^2 X 3.4F 0.91 = 214.2Btu/hr 0.91 = 235.38Btu/hr

DOOR’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION DOOR MORNING Q1=DOOR AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =35.26 ft^2 X (77F – 69.8F) 2.17 = 35.26ft^2 X 7.2F 2.17 = 253.87Btu/hr 2.17 = 116.99Btu/hr

DOOR AFTERNOON Q1=DOOR AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =35.26 ft^2 X (89F – 77F) 2.17 = 35.26ft^2 X 12F 2.17 = 423.12Btu/hr 2.17 = 194.99Btu/hr

DOOR EVENING Q1=DOOR AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =35.26 ft^2 X (84F – 80.6F) 2.17 = 35.26ft^2 X 3.4F 2.17 = 119.88Btu/hr 2.17 = 55.25Btu/hr

WALL 3’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION

WALL 3 MORNING Q3= (WALL 3–DOOR–WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE = (414 ft^2 - 63 ft^2 - 35.26ft^2 ) X (77F – 69.8F) 1.1

=315.74ft^2 X 7.2F 1.1 = 2273.33Btu/hr 1.1

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 3 + DOOR+WINDOW)

= 2066.66Btu/hr+116.99Btu/hr+498.46Btu/hr =2682.11Btu/hr

= 2066.66Btu/hr

WALL 3 AFTERNOON Q3= (WALL 3–DOOR–WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE = (414 ft^2 - 63 ft^2 - 35.26ft^2 ) X (89F – 77F) 1.1

=315.74ft^2 X 12F 1.1 = 3788.88Btu/hr 1.1

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 3 +DOOR+WINDOW)

= 3444.44Btu/hr+194.99Btu/hr+830.77Btu/hr =4470.2Btu/hr

= 3444.44Btu/hr

WALL 3 EVENING Q3= (WALL 3–DOOR–WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE = (414 ft^2 - 63 ft^2 - 35.26ft^2 ) X (84F – 80.6F) 1.1

=315.74ft^2 X 3.4F 1.1 = 1073.52Btu/hr 1.1 = 975.93Btu/hr

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 3 +DOOR+WINDOW)

= 975.93Btu/hr+55.25Btu/hr+235.38Btu/hr =1266.56Btu/hr

Wall 4 Heat Transfer Calculation Wall 4 Specifications: 1. Length = 18ft (5486.4 mm) 2. Height = 23ft (7010 mm) 3. Area = Area of whole wall - Area of Window = 414 ft^2 - (139.55 ft^2 X 2) = 134.9 ft^2 4. Materials = 8'' Cement wall 5. R value = 1.1

Wall 4 Window Specifications : 1. Length = 15.75ft (4800 mm) 2. Height = 8.86ft (2700 mm) 3. Area = Length x Height = 139.55 ft^2 4. Materials = MS RHS frame with single panel window 5. R value = 0.91

Window's Temperature: Window internal & external temperature:

WINDOW’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION WINDOW MORNING Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =(139.55ft^2 X 2) X (77F – 69.8F) 0.91 = 279.1ft^2 X 7.2F 0.91 = 2009.52Btu/hr 0.91 = 2208.26Btu/hr

WINDOW AFTERNOON Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE = (139.55ft^2 X 2) X (89F – 77F) 0.91 = 279.1ft^2 X 12F 0.91 = 3349.2Btu/hr 0.91 = 3680.44Btu/hr

WINDOW EVENING Q1=WINDOW AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE =(139.55ft^2 X 2) X (84F – 80.6F) 0.91 = 279.1ft^2 X 3.4F 0.91 = 948.94Btu/hr 0.91 = 1042.79Btu/hr

WALL 4’S HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION

WALL 4 MORNING Q3= (WALL 4 – WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= 414 ft^2 - (139.55 ft^2 X 2) X (77F – 69.8F) 1.1

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 4 + WINDOW)

= 882.98Btu/hr+2208.26Btu/hr =3091.24Btu/hr

=134.9 ft^2 X 7.2F 1.1 = 971.28Btu/hr 1.1 = 882.98Btu/hr

WALL 4 AFTERNOON Q3= (WALL 4 – WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= 414 ft^2 - (139.55 ft^2 X 2) X (89F – 77F) 1.1

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 4 + WINDOW)

= 1471.64Btu/hr+3680.44Btu/hr =5152.08Btu/hr

=134.9 ft^2 X 12F 1.1 = 1618.8Btu/hr 1.1 = 1471.64Btu/hr

WALL 4 EVENING Q3= (WALL 4 – WINDOW) AREA X TEMPERATURE R VALUE

= 414 ft^2 - (139.55 ft^2 X 2) X (84F – 80.6F) 1.1 =134.9 ft^2 X 3.4F 1.1 = 458.66Btu/hr 1.1 = 416.96Btu/hr

TOTAL HEAT TRANSFER (WALL 4 + WINDOW)

= 416.96Btu/hr+1042.79Btu/hr =1459.75Btu/hr

CONCLUSION Total heat transfer of each walls at 7:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m. & 5:00p.m.

S

Wall 1

Wall 2 Wall 3

E

W

N

Wall 4

R values : 1. Exterior walls 8''= 1.11 2. Interior walls 4'' = 0.80 3. Window glass = 0.91 4. Door =2.17

Furniture Layout Plan Based on the calculation from the table above. I have concluded that Wall 4 is the wall with the highest heat transfer in the area. This is due to the use of materials. Since the wall consist of 2 15.75ft x 8.86 ft large panel windows. The resistant of the wall is fairly low as compared to the other walls that mainly consist of 8 inch external walls. This is because window panels have a lower R value which is 0.91.

Thus, in order to reduce the thermal heat in the main living room. I would be developing a product to passively reduce the thermal heat for the area that can be applied to wall 4.

ASSIGNMENT 2 TASK 2B Passive/ Green Institution Product Development

PROBLEM STATEMENT 1. Large windows in the living room area causes the living room to be hot especially in the afternoon and evening. Other than that, the high amount of sunlight also causes glare in the area.

2. Due to the lower window also functioning as a sliding door.

Permanent structures are not encouraged for the convenience of opening and closing the door.

3. Other than that, since the area between the window panels and he main living room functions as a walkway it is more convenient to place the product on the outside so that it won't get in the way of the users in the living room area.

4. Adding to that, The exterior of the living room area is actually a multipurpose area that also functions a a gym and laundry area.

Therefore , the product should not take up too much space and be multifunctional to cater for the needs of the area.

Some of the main functions needed from it is : i. Function as a shoe rack for the many pairs of shoes randomly placed on the ground. ii. Storage for the hangers, clips, exercise gears and accessories iii. Be able to move around for the convenience of the sliding doors and the user experience.

5. The product would also need to be able to be weather resistant as it is being placed on the outside and not indoors.

SOLUTION Create a product that can reduce the heat that enters the living room and reduce the glare while still allowing for partial sunlight to enter the space for natural lighting, The product should also have multiple storage functions and be able to move around in the small compact area freely. Other than that, it's aesthetics should fit it's surrounding and also be able to sustain under the weather as it is placed outside.

MATERIALS

1. Wood 2. 4 Tier Shoe Rack 3. 4 Wheels 4. Copper coated nails 5. Hanging Wire Net 6. Hook 7. Fake Grass 8. Nylon Cable Tie 9. White Paint

For the Heat Insulator : 1. Cloth 2. Polystyrene 3. Bubble wrap 4. IKEA cork coaster

TOOLS 1. Saw 2. Hammer 3. Nail 4. Ruler 5. Pen 6. Measurement Tape 7. Scissors 8. Hot Glue Gun 9. Brush

HOW IT'S MADE Step 1 : Assemble the Shoe Rack Open the packaging and put the pieces together. It is pretty convenient as the shelve was made to be able to hold it's figure by slotting in the parts only.

Push the long piece of wood through the joints of the racks to keep it in place through the slots made for every level.

Use a hammer to help push n the wood if it's too tight

The left side is completed

All the legs of the shoe rack are finally installed

Step 2 : Make the structure of the panel

i. Measure and indicate on the wood the height of the panel. In my case it if 6ft.

ii. Measure and cut small slots on the wood so that it could fit into the joints in between the shelves so it would stay in place

iii. Measure and cut the piece to be applied to the top of the frame to hold everything together. An allowance of 20cm is left for both sides for aesthetic purposes

iv. I added 2 pieces of wood to the bottom so that it would be easier to install the wheels later on as the current width of the rack's bottom is too slim

Step 3 : Paint the structure

I tried using spray paint but failed because the wood was not very condensed so it kept absorbing the paint even after a few coats.

The paint worked much better but still took multiple coats to fully cover the structure as the wood kept absorbing the paint.

Step 3 : Install the wheels I screwed on the wheels to the bottom piece of wood with the help of my dad to hold the wheel in place when I was screwing.

Step 4: Install the artificial plant and grid using Nylon Cable Tie

Cut of access cable tie after securing the grid and artificial plant

The Structure is complete

Step 5: Make the heat insulator

Wrap the IKEA cork coaster with the bubble wrap

Draw out the circle on the polystyrene board and cut it.

Hot glue the polystyrene, bubble wrap, and cork coaster together.

Glue the fabric together

cut the fabric and wrap them up together.

Use the access fabric to make a handle for the insulation panel.

The insulation panel is complete.

The Final Product Hooks

Multipurpose Moveable Panel

Adjustable Heat Insulation Panel

FUNCTION 1.Panel Being 6 ft in height and 1.77 ft in width. The structure acts as a form of panel that is able to reduce the amount of sunlight and heat that penetrates through it due to the artificial grass draped down from the top.

Other than that, the heat insulator can also reduce the heat that travels through by spot and can be rearranged around by choice.

Passive Insulation Fake Plastic Plants

2. Shoe rack The bottom part of the product functions as a 3 leveled shoe rack that can store up to 6 pairs of shoes.

3 Layer Shoe Rack

Shoe Rack

3. Table top The top layer of the shoe rack functions as a table top where things can be placed when needed.

Table Top

Top Layer as Table Top

4. Hanger The metal grid allows for objects to be hung using a hook allowing it to function as a hanger and also allows the heat insulator to be hung when needed.

Hanger Metal Grid + Hooks

STRENGHTS 1. Multifunctional - The moveable panel also functions as a Shoe rack, hanger and table top

2. Easy to move around - Though it is 6ft tall, but the light materials and 4 wheels allow the moveable panel to be pushed and pulled around easily while holding itself together.

3. Adjustable passive insulation according to need -Instead of blocking of all the light and heat at once. The product allows the user to decide the amount of sunlight and heat that they want to block out by adding on and taking down the adjustable passive insulation

4. Allow for air flow - The use of artificial plants and metal grid allows for air to still pass through the panel while being partially covered. That way even though the product itself is 6ft tall and lightweighted. It wont easily topple over as the heavier bottom and breathable top avoids it from being blown over by the wind. Making it safer to use.

5. Can be used indoors and outdoor - The use of wheels allows the product to me moved around without leaving any scratches thus allowing it to be used indoors without having to worry. Also , the structure is coated with Nippon Pantone Paint that allows the product to be left outdoors without worry as it is made to withstand against harsh weather.

PRODUCT COST CALCULATION

RECEIPTS:

Total cost of product material = RM147.65

Average market price =RM(50 + 25 + 80 + 50 + 80 + 50 + 20 + 40 + 35 + 25 +80 +35 +50 +70 + 15 +50)

16 = RM755/16 (audience)= RM47.19 Design value of product creation = RM47.19–RM147.65=–RM100.46

CONCLUSION Based on the market research I realized that the market price is a lot lower compared to the material cost that I spent. Seeing that made me realized that when developing a product I should pay more attention to the costing of the product so that it would be profitable. With the current given market price I would have made a lot of loss as a designer as I would not even be able to cover for the cost with the current market value.

Other than that, I also feel like in order to minimize my costing while increasing my market value. I should try to add more interesting design features to my product so that the value of it would increase without having too spent too much on the materials.

Adding on, I would also try to seek for cheaper alternatives and reusable materials in my next product development in order to reduce my cost of product.

Lastly, I felt that I have learned a lot from completing this project. Not only was I able to learn about r value and heat transfer calculation. But it is also my first time to design a product and present it in front of people to be priced. I think going through this process allowed me to understand a lot more about the process of designing a good product that is actually marketable to the general population and the considerations that I should have in mind. Overall I think that this project has been a very fruitful one for me. And I would be happy to be able to use the product developed in the days to come.

Bachelor of Arts ( Honours) in Interior Architecture BLD62304 Building Science and Services

FINAL PROJECT: Building Services Design in Kitchen Lecturer : Ms Sharon Teoh Jia Ern 0343729

Task 1A: Site Study and Re-design Kitchen

Introduction of Site Dry kitchen

Wet kitchen

Kitchen Usage Habits Dry kitchen - Boil water, prepare beverages, wash cups, store plates, cups and dry food, simple food preparaion,baking, hating up food.

Wet kitchen - Heavy cooking, store wet food supplies, wash dishes, store cooking supplies, ( The area where most of the heavy food preparation and cooking takes place)

Plan of the original kitchen/ site

User's discomfort Based on my interview with my mom which is the main user of the kitchen as she is the main cook at home. There are a few discomforts which have been identified.

Dry kitchen 1. Electric appliances are placed in the dry kitchen because of insufficient space in wet kitchen causing taking up space in the dry kitchen 2. Can be more aesthetically pleasing Wet Kitchen 1. Lack of space for food preparation - The area next to the stove is too small to fit the ingredients needed for cooking causing it to be inconvenient to reach for ingredients when cooking.

2. Lack of space for electrical appliances - Electrical appliances such as pressure cooker, blender, rice cooker has to be kept immediately after use due to lack of space causing inconvenience on a daily basis. Thus also causing the lack of use of the appliances cause it is troublesome.

3. The kitchen is oily and smoky when cooking even when the hood is turned on.

4. Lack of storage for pots and pans 5. The sink is too small to wash bigger pots and pans 6. Stove flame is too weak and insufficient flame burners sometimes causing delay in cooking time

SOLUTION + CHANGES Wet kitchen 1. Install cabinet and counter top 2. Add a backsplash behind the stove 3. Change the current sink into a single sink 4. Upgrade stove 5. Upgrade hood 6. Use Power track socket

Dry kitchen 1. Add display lights for better aesthetics

Task 1B: Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location KITCHEN COUNTER DESIGN I have decided to maintain the current design and design of both the wet and dry kitchen. This is because the user and I have both agreed that the current design is the most suitable for the current space and usage of the both the kitchens.

The current U shape counter in the dry kitchen is the best layout for the users use as the outer counter top allows for food to be placed and kept to avoid it from being cold since the fan is always on in the dining area. Other than that, it is also very convenient as the users can grab a quick meal at the counter top when in a rush. The current design also allows for maximum use of the available space without having it feel very packed. Adding on, the design also allows for the mother in the house to prepare breakfast at the corner even when food is placed on it. So far, there are no complains regarding the counter tops and everyone is very happy with how it is right now.

As for the wet kitchen, even though there is a complain of insufficient work space and storage space. But the current layout is already the most suitable for the kitchen. This is because the layout of the wet kitchen is very thin and long thus not leaving much space for design. The only addition that would be added would be a 1800mm x 500 mm counter top with storage space below. This is because the current workspace in the wet kitchen is really insufficient causing the need to keep and put away the electrical units every time after use which is very inconvenient and the cook of the house has requested for additional storage and workspace. The reason the counter is 500 in width is to ensure for enough space to still cook in the kitchen. Also, it would be a safer and more aesthetic choice than to use the current white Ikea rack which is lightweight and loose.

CURRENT RACK

2. ADD A BACKSPLASH BEHIND THE STOVE

The current white tiles is difficult to maintain and clean as splatter of food and oil would happen in the cooking process causing inconvenience to the user having to wash the tiles every time after cooking. It is especially difficult to clean in between the tiles where the silicon is making it color in time. Stainless Steel is a popular option for stove backsplash offering both a sleek appearance, great durability and a surface that wipes clean easily which makes it low-maintenance.

Other than that, it is also a safer option. As the user insist in using the gas cooktop instead of inverter cooktop for the " wokhay "in Chinese cooking to ensure the food taste good. Due to that I have decided to not change the stove as there is no difficulty is purchasing gas at the moment even if it's MCO. Thus it is very important to take good fire precaution. Due to the wet kitchen being very small the current gas cooktop is placed very near to the wall.

According to kitchen safety precautions. It is best advised that the cooktop is placed 150mm away from the wall. But the current distance between the cooktop and the wall is only 120 mm. In order to ensure that the cooking area is safe. It is better to install the a stainless steel backsplash. stainless steel outweighs these other metals in corrosion resistance, durability, life-cycle cost savings, and now even fire prevention. The economic benefits and fire safety aspects are unmatched.

Reference of appropriate distance between cooktop from wall

Distance of the cooktop from the wall

3. CHANGE THE CURRENT SINK TO A SINGLE SINK CURRENT SINK Eventh ough the sink is pretty big but because of the separation in the middle it is difficult to wash bigger pots and pans causing water to splash all over the place

In order to resolve this issue, I decided to use a a single deep undermount stainless steel sink instead. The deep sink would allow for less to no mess when washing bigger pots and pans as it would be easier to maneuver. Also choosing a deep sink allows for less splatter when washing dishes keeping the counter top clean and dry after doing dishes

4. UPGRADE STOVE

The VISTA3B from Rubine is an excellent built-in gas stove with 3 Vortex Flame burners, which is great as our household often cook in bigger portions and need more flame outlets as the current stove which only has 2 outlets sometimes can't cater to my mom's needs. Other than that,it is also a green and energy-saving stove which will produce lower carbon emissions. Boasting 62% of heating efficiency helping save costs while also enjoying faster cooking.

Lastly, there is no need to worry about any safety hazards when using this built-in hob, as it is fitted with a flame failure device. The surface itself is made from 6mm black tempered glass. Not only does it provide a sleek and modern look, it is also easy to clean.

4. UPGRADE HOOD

The FOTILE EMS9016 is suitable because the user complained that the kitchen is still oily and smelly even when the hood is turned on to the max when cooking which results in her having to mope and air the kitchen every time after she cooks.

In consideration of this, I chose to upgrade the current hood to the FOTILE EMS9016 as it's selling point is the it's ability to remove bad smell and excessive oil constantly to prevent the air from being sticky and nasty. It's oil reduction rate is 1450 m3/ hour and can remove up to 92% of oil in the air. Not to mention that its 97% odor reduction rate will get rid of bad odors too. other than that, it also operates quietly at only 49dm. This allows a comfy and odorless kitchen without having to deal with loud whirring noises.

4. USE POWER TRACK SOCKET

SOCKETS AT THE WET KITCHEN COUNTER TOP Even though there are 3 sockets available but sometimes it is still insufficient sockets for the electrical appliances used. Other than that, it is not very safe to be using the appliances next to the sink and water filter as water often splash onto the counter top surface which was cause electric shock if not handled carefully.

Other than that, it is also inconvenient to have to plug and unplug appliances on a daily basis due to the lack of sockets to make room for other appliances

Power track sockets adaptors are made from a glass reinforced plastic resin that is not only super tough but also fire retardant and electrically impermeable which makes it safer to use in the kitchen. Other than that, it also allows fore movement without having to remove the plugs which is very convenient. Most importantly with the power track sockets we won't have a problem even if we add new electrical appliances in the future as we cad simple add more sockets to the track.

Lastly, using power track sockets is also more eco friendly as it doesn't have standby current.

FIRE SAFETY TABLE TOP

QUARTZ COUNTER TOP I have decided to maintain the current counter top material because I think it is very suitable with the overall design. The material of the current counter top is quartz which is a type of engineered stone that is resistant to heat and is easy to maintain as it doesn't need annual sealing as compared to natural stones. Not only that, but quartz slabs are also more uniform with no imperfections and looks more natural compared to solid surface material. Lastly, quartz is also more resistant to stains because it is not a natural stone and is less pores which is also the reason why it doesn't require annual coating.

CONCLUSION In conclusion, a good kitchen design needs to include the principle of building science and services or else it is just a kitchen without any uses. If we can know more about building science and services that apply in our surrounding, that will also help a lot on cost saving and figure out problem.

A good kitchen design also needs to provide a comfortable and useful space for user so that we need to think more on the selection of equipment, light and VAC which placed in the kitchen. For safety issue, we need to consider about the heat resistance material and the easy cleaning material that suitable for kitchen use.

At last, apply a good principle on building science and services in our kitchen, can help us to avoid a lot of problems. We need to choose the most suitable ways to design our kitchen which compatible with the building science of our house for our convenient living.