A Century of Wars

Table of Contents

1.Supreme Court Cases During WWII......................................................................Pg3 !

By Alex Barron 2.The Death of FDR Shocks Americans...................................................................Pg5 !

By William Sargent 3.Economics of the Cold War....................................................................................Pg7 !

By Nathan Blancher 4.Woodrow Wilson is Reelected................................................................................Pg9 !

By Jacques Reynoir 5.Major Weapons Used During the Vietnam War......................................................Pg11 !

By Aubert Waguespack 6.War Takes a Toll on Everyone................................................................................Pg12 !

By Tony Ceasar 7.Cold War Leaders...................................................................................................Pg13 !

By Nathan Blancher 8.Major Figures During WWII.....................................................................................Pg16 !

By Alex Barron 9.U.S. Leaders of Pacific WWII..................................................................................Pg18 !

By William Sargent 10.U.S. Leaders of the Afghan War............................................................................Pg20 !

By Tony Ceasar 11.Famous Doves of the Vietnam War.......................................................................Pg22 !

By Aubert Waguespack 12.Major Leaders of the World Clash.........................................................................Pg24 !

By Jacques Reynoir 13.Fallen Angels book review.....................................................................................Pg25 !

By Aubert Waguespack 14.All Quiet on the Western Front book review..........................................................Pg27 !

By Jacques Reynoir 15.I Am a SEAL Team Six Warrior book review..........................................................Pg29 !

By Tony Ceasar 16.Flags of Our Fathers book review..........................................................................Pg31 !

By Alex Barron 17.The Journal of Patrick Seamus Flaherty book review............................................Pg33 !

By Alex Barron 18.Countdown book review.........................................................................................Pg34 !

By Nathan Blancher 19.The Longest Day Tells the Story of the D-Day invasion.........................................Pg35 !

By Alex Barron 20.Arts Photo Essay....................................................................................................Pg37 !

By Nathan Blancher 21.Randal Jerrell.........................................................................................................Pg39 !

By Aubert Waguespack 22.Iconic Images of Pacific World War II.....................................................................Pg40 !

By William Sargent 23.Music and songs about the Vietnam War ..............................................................Pg43 !

By Nathan Blancher 24.William T. Fitzsimons..............................................................................................Pg45 !

By Jacques Reynoir

Supreme Court Cases of WWII Shock America By: Alex Barron On November 20, 1945 a series of trials began. These trials were called The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials which were conducted by a U.S., French , and Soviet military tribunal.

Held in Nuremberg, Germany, the trials accused Nazi criminals.

The U.S., The Soviet, Great Britain, and the government of France signed the London Agreement which authorized the trials. The Nazi criminals were accused of: 1) Crimes against peace, such as planning war that violated international treaties.

2) Crimes against humanity, this includes the deportation and genocide of various populations. 3) War crimes, such as violating the rules of war.

4) Conspiracy to commit all of the crimes listed in the first three counts. The Supreme Court Justice of these cases was Robert H. Jackson. 24 Nazis were accused of these crimes and 12 were sentenced to death by hanging. One committed suicide and another was considered mentally unfit. One of the defendants was thought to have died in an attempt to escape Hitler’s bunker.

The defendants that were not sentenced to death were sentenced to prison ranging from 10 years to life in prison.

On February 19, 1942, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066.

The Executive Order

9066 forced all Japanese-Americans to evacuate the West Coast and live in internment camps.

There were 10 internment camps around the country.

These internment camps were located in California, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arkansas.

Japanese-Americans were forced to move into these camps because America feared that they might still be

Internment Camps during World WarII

loyal to Japan and attack the U.S. 3,600 Japanese-Americans joined the armed forces as well as 22,000 that live in Hawaii. The famous all-Japanese 442nd Regimental Combat Team won many awards for its deeds in Italy and Germany. Korematsu was one of the Japanese-Americans that was forced to live in an internment camp. He argued that it was unconstitutional to send the Japanese-Americans to these camps.

The Supreme court ruled that these acts were constitutional. After the war, the Japanese-Americans that lived in the camps were able to go back to the West Coast early in the year of 1945. The last internment camp closed in March, 1946. The survivors of these camps

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were rewarded 20,000 dollars. Out of the 127,000 people that were forced to live in these camps, only 73,000 received the benefit of 20,000 dollars.

Defendants of the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial.

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The Death of FDR shocks Americans

Franklin D. Roosevelt

January 30, 1882 April 12, 1945 By: William Sargent !

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30th, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. He was the son of Sara and James Roosevelt.

He attended Harvard and graduated in 1903. After that he went to Columbia Law School in 1904 and dropped out in 1907.

During his time at Columbia he married Eleanor Roosevelt and later had six children Anna, James, Franklin I who died in infancy, Elliott, Franklin II, and John. His first chance in politics came in 1910 when he became a member on the New York Senate. He was a Vice President nominee for James M. Cox, however, Cox lost the election. In 1921 he suffered from shocking news when he was diagnosed with Polio at the young age of 34. This paralyzed him for the rest of his life. However Polio couldn始t stop him from his life as a politician. In 1928 he was elected as the Governor of New York. !

Four years later in 1932 he was elected to his first of a very famous four terms in the Oval Office. As the 32nd President of the United States he was considered by many as one of Americas greatest Presidents in history. The next year in 1933 he developed the Civilians Conservation Corps (CCC).

This helped many Americans receive jobs during the Great Depression. Through the CCC workers got payed $30 a month. In 1936 he was elected to a second term in the White House by a landslide victory. In 1938 he established what is now known as minimum wage. In 1940 Roosevelt ran for a third term, this was very appalling at the time because the longest time a President has been in office was two terms. He ended

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up winning the election and began his third term. In the year of 1940 he began shipping supplies to Nazi captured Great Britain. On the day of December 7th, 1941 Japanese bombers attacked Pearl Harbor.

The following day Roosevelt gave his famous speech regarding Pearl Harbor which is when he announced that America will enter WWII. During the war he attended many Ally councils. These councils included Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin Roosevelt.

Those three men later became called “the big three”. By 1944 the 62 year old three term president saw his health diminishing.

Though he had his health problems he still ran for a fourth term. He won the election and passed just about a month after his

inauguration. !

The date was April 12th, 1945.

President Roosevelt was at his vacation home in Warms Springs, Georgia. On that day he was having his portrait being painted when he recalled that he had a sharp pain in his head. Minutes later he suffered from a massive cerebral hemorrhage, which is similar to a stroke, and he died shortly after.

His coffin was brought down city streets from Georgia to Hyde Park, New York, so that all citizens could see it. His final resting place is in Hyde Park.

Stalin and Churchill both stated they were devastated of his passing.

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s coffin being brought to Hyde Park, New York.

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ECONOMICS OF THE COLD WAR By: Nathan Blancher The Cold War was fought and won with economics. Between the years 1947 to 1991 America’s main goal was to outspend the Soviet Union. Whether it was weapons or the space race, America always spent more money and came out on top of the competition. Every weapon the Soviet Union bought, America bought the same thing in a much larger amount. The reason the Soviet Union could not keep up with America economically was not because of their overall system, but because of corruption. Government workers would falsify records about how much work they had done to protect themselves from punishment.

The Cold War was a battle between the two infamous superpowers, the final movement to extinguish communism, was known as the Cold War. At the end of WWII, when the Nazis were defeated, Germany was divided into four zones. The west side of Germany contained three of the zones. The capitalist and socialist

countries of America, Great Britain, and France controlled these. The east side of Germany contained the fourth zone. It was controlled by the Soviet Union. The east and west sides were separated by a wall that was 4 meters high and 140013 meters long, this was the Berlin Wa l l , a h u g e s y m b o l o f communism.

After the Berlin Wall was put the Soviet Union took over Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and parts of Austria. Because the Soviets were taking over so many countries Americans began to fear for their lives. In schools students practiced duck and cover incase the Soviets decided to attack them. Schools were converted to be fallout shelters and air-raid sirens were put up in cities and towns to warn the public.

Often there were practice drills to prepare the public incase there was a real emergency.

"We have this America not because we are of a particular faith, not because our ancestors sailed from a particular foreign port. We have our America because of our common aspiration to remain free and our determined purpose to achieve for ourselves, and for our children, a more abundant life in keeping with our highest ideals." – Harry Truman

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After four decades of waging war with the Soviet Union the fear of death and the economic stress on the U.S. was over. The Berlin Wall fell along with the Soviet Union, which brought an end to communism as a whole.

Gun Show

Guns From throughout the 20th and 21st centuries May 23-26 At the Mercedes- Benz

By Jacques Reynoir

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Woodrow Wilson is Reelected What did this mean about American involvement in World War One?

By Jacques Reynoir Woodrow Wilson won the 1916 presidential election in one of the closest elections in History. What did this mean about US involvement in war? Those answers along with a general background knowledge of the American entrance into the war can be read here Wilson, a democrat, ran against Republican Candidate Charles Evans Hughes. Wilson, and his running mate Thomas R Marshal, used the campaign slogan “he kept us out of war.� Hughes chose Charles W Fairbanks as his vice president.

Wilson barely took California by a mere 3,800 votes. Losing that state would Wilson used the slogan have certainly lost him the above to receive votes election.

Losing California, from citizens against which was worth a total of 13 the war electoral votes, would have brought him down three electoral votes from Hughes.

Hughes was a widely popular candidate within the Republican party and was popular among some progressives including Theodore Roosevelt. However, Wilson had very little popularity outside his party.

Charles Hughes (left) and Woodrow Although Wilson was supported by Roosevelt, he was Wilson (right) during their campaign not trusted by many Democrats or progressives widely costing him the election. The former Supreme court justice never ran for president again even though he was chosen to be secretary of state under Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge after Coolidge was reelected.

Regardless of who won the election, the United States still would have been likely to pursue in the war. After a long string of events starting with the sinking of Lusitania in 1915, killing a total of nearly 1200 people. Of those, 128 were American. Another major cause of the war was the sinking of the Sussex. It was sunk by a German U-Boat, outraging Americans who wanted to fight the war. As a result, Wilson increased the military size and warned the Germans by saying

See Next Page

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Unless the Imperial Government should now immediately declare and effect an abandonment of its present methods of submarine warfare against passenger and freight-carrying vessels, the Government of the United States can have no choice but to sever diplomatic relations with the German Empire altogether

”

The Germans responded by putting submarine warfare to a halt until 1917.

The Germans sent a letter to Mexico for aid in the war in exchange for assistance after the war and some US land. This letter was intercepted by the British and decoded. They informed the Americans who immediately responded by declaring war on Germany. This was the beginning of the end of what was called “the war that ended all wars.”

Even the soldiers miss it.

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Major Weapons Used in Vietnam War BY: Aubert Waguespack In 1955 the United States of America was involved in the Vietnam War. The U.S. , who fought along side the south Vietnamese, had a special mission planned in 1963. The mission was called Operation Ranchhead.

Operation Ranchhead involved clearing the south Vietnamese jungle of vegetation so it would be difficult for the Vietcong guerillas to ambush them.

The way the U.S. achieved this goal by deploying Agent Orange over the jungles. Agent Orange was a chemical mixture used by the U.S. military to clear vegetation in the jungles. During the mission the U.S. used over 19 million gallons of Agent Orange over the south Vietnamese jungle. Soon after the war health organizations found that agent orange was highly contaminated with TCDD. TCDD is a dioxin that is harmful to man. The U.S. sprayed Agent Orange over 10% of the south Vietnamese jungles with planes, cars, and by hand. By doing this between 2.1 million and 4.8 million Vietnamese were directly exposed to Agent Orange. People affected by Agent Orange had many diseases and had children with birth defects such as mental or physical

deformities. The sights of Vietnamese people being sprayed with AGent Orange with remain with the American soldiers from Vietnam forever.

Agent Orange was one of the most used weapons in the Vietnam War. Although Agent Orange was a very affective weapon, it was not the only one. A major contributor in the Vietnam war was the Huey helicopter.

The Huey was the icon of the Vietnam War. When soldiers hear the sound of the Huey they immediately think of the Vietnam War. The Hue was the main source of transportation because of Vietnam’s undeveloped roads and jungles that could not be driven through. The Huey could also monitor the battle from above as well as join the fight because of its massive guns.

The Hue was called the “work horse of the Vietnam War” and still plays a big part in the military today. Alongside the Huey, the Stratofortress made a huge impact in Vietnam and gave the U.S. another huge advantage. The Stratofortress was a bomber plane made to carry nuclear bombs. The Stratofortress was nicknamed a B.U.F.F. plane which stood for Big Ugly Fat Fellow. It was one of the main aircrafts that sprayed Agent Orange over South Vietnam.

The Stratofortress was a huge accomplishment by America because it was the longest frontline military Aircraft in aviation history.

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War takes toll on everyone

By Tony Ceasar

Mental Effects War has on Soldiers The effects of any war can be long-lasting. With our most recent war, in Afghanistan, troops can be suffering from emotional or physical distress.

Troops can sustain physical injuries which can effect the way they do everyday activities such as running, walking, driving, or even talking. The troops can also suffer from emotional tolls. Many soldiers suffer from depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD), which is an anxiety disorder that follows after experiencing a traumatic event. Soldiers who have PTDS may have recurring nightmares of traumatic experiences they had while serving in Iraq or Afghanistan.

Psychiatrists project that 1 in 3 U.S. troops will suffer from PTDS after returning to the U.S.

need.

Monetarial Demands of War The U.S. has spent about 4 trillion dollars on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and our economy is now starting to struggle. Many believe that China will soon become the world’s largest superpower. Many Americans are fed up with how much we have spent on war and think we should withdraw our troops soon.

Physical Effects War has on Soldiers War can have damaging effects on a human body. Soldiers can suffer head trauma or the loss of limbs. These injuries make life for the soldiers after they return home more difficult.

Families can be torn apart easily, but must cope with the situation and help their loved ones through their time of

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Cold War Leaders

President Harry Truman spent hours writing Truman Doctrine.

Dwight Eisenhower was a Supreme Commander in WWII.

President Kennedy.

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President Johnson led America after the difficult time when Kennedy died.

President Nixon meeting with the leader of the Soviet Union.

President Reagan saluting.

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Some of the greatest leaders of the Cold War were the Presidents of the United States during that time. Harry Truman was the 33rd President, he created the Truman Doctrine which said that the United States would help any nations facing communism. Dwight Eisenhower was the 34th President, he founded the CIA and led many anti-communist operations. John Kennedy was the 35th President, he appeared “tough on communism” during his campaign and actively fought the

war. Lyndon Johnson was the 36th president, he was John Kennedyʼs vice-president and picked up where John Kennedy left off on the war. Richard Nixon was the 37th president, he was the only president to visit Russia during the Cold War. Ronald Reagan was the 40th president and the last president of the Cold War.

Vote Kennedy He Is The Right Choice

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The Men Who Helped America win WWII By: Alex Barron

General Omar Bradley and Major General Ralph Royce viewing a map the day after the invasion of France.

General Henry Arnold, General George Marshal, General Frank Andrews, and General Olive Echols observing an attack on Wright Field, Ohio May 16, 2013 ~A Century war May 16, 2013 ~A Century ofof war ~~ 1616

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During WW2 there were many men that made the victory for America possible. On of the major figures was Omar bradley (first page, top left). Omar Bradley contributed by commanding the U.S. First Army during the D-Day Invasion. Also, George S. Patton led the U.S. 7th Army in the Invasion of Sicily in 1944.

He also Helped defeat the Germans in the Battle of the Bulge in 1944. Henry Arnold (first page, bottom right) was significant because he developed two major fighting planes that were made to bomb targets in Europe, the B-35 Flying Wing and the B-36 Peacemaker.

Raymond A. Spruance helped to U.S. win the Battle of Midway, and his mastermind led to the destruction of four Japanese fleet carriers.

When WW2 began in1939 Franklin D. Roosevelt named George Marshall the Chief of Staff.

George Marshall gathered many good soldiers and trained them. All of these man and their masterminds will be remembered forever for their major roles in the victory for the U.S. during WW2.

General George S Patton explaining his position during the D-Day invasion.

General George Marshall shaking hands with General John Deane.

General raymond A. Spruance talking with General Chester W. Nimitz during the Battle of Midway.

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Leaders of Pacific WWII By: William Sargent

Raymond Spruance on the cover of Time Magazine.

Chester Nimitz on the cover of Time Magazine.

Douglas MacArthur marching towards the shore with troops.

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Harry Truman making an address to the public.

Top left page 12: Raymond Spruance was an American admiral. He thrived in the Battle of Midway.

He also made played a huge role at Iwo Jima and Okinawa earning himself the Navy Cross.

Top right page one: Admiral Chester Nimitz was considered a great leader.

Nimitz had a strong relationship with General MacArthur. Middle: General Douglas MacArthur was a general for the United States Army.

He commanded troops in the Pacific during WWII. He also led his troops in the Korean War, however he was removed from his duty.

Bottom Right page 13: Admiral James Richardson was announced the leader of Pearl Harbor in 1940. He was released from his duty in January of 1947. Top page 13: Harry Truman was the 33rd

president of the Unites States. He made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan.

He went into office following President Roosevelt始s death.

James Richardson posing for a military picture.

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U.S. Leaders of the Afghan War

By Tony Ceasar George Bush was elected in 2000. Not long after, terrorists attacked the World Trade Center, sparking a war that would last 12 years, and is still going.

In 2008, President Barack Obama was elected and three years later, he gave the goahead to kill Osama Bin Laden, the man responsible for the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Once in office, Obama placed General Stanley A. McChrystal in charge of the U.S. Army.

McChrystal served for one year until being replaced by General David Petraeus. In May 2011, while Petraeus was still general, U.S. forces killed Osama Bin Laden. General John Allen is our most recent general. He took over command in July of 2011. Even though we

have had many different leaders, America is still involved in the Afghan War. However plans of removing our troops from the area are starting to come up.

President George W. Bush addresses nation after 9/11.

President Barack Obama after being re-elected.

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General Stanley A. McChrystal at a press conference in the White House.

David Petraeus talking to Congress.

General John Allen talks to press.

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Famous Doves of the Vietnam War By: Aubert Waguespack

Martin Luther King Jr. giving his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.

A “Dove” is a person during the Vietnam War that wanted peace and for soldiers to stop fighting.

Jane Fonda an actress from the 1960’s was a dove who attended anti-war rallies.

Martin Luther King Jr. was a politician and orator who spoke at anti-war and gave speeches to the public against war in Vietnam.

Ron Dellums was a politician that held committee hearings on war crimes in Vietnam.

Jane Fonda speaking at a anti-war rally.

Ron Dellums speaking out about the violence in Vietnam.

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John Lennon recording his song “People for Peace”.

Muhammed Ali being interviewed because of his refusal to go to war.

John Lennon, a to war in Vietnam former member of because he opposed The Beatles, wrote violence. songs about peace and used his popularity to spread the word for peace in V i e t n a m .

Muhammed Ali anv extremely successful boxer and also a Muslim who refused to go

All of these people didn’t have much similarities in their professions but shared one goal during the Vietnam War. That goal was to convince the

people that the war in Vietnam must end.

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Major Leaders of the World Clash

By Jacques Reynoir Nicholas II was the Tsar of Russia until the Russian revolution in 1917. He was later executed in 1918. George V was the King of England throughout the course of the war.

He made many visits to troops in the western front of the war. (Note this is not Nicholas II though they look very similar.) Raymond PoincarĂŠ was Prime Minister of France from 1913-1920. He was one of the first to favor an armistice to happen. Woodrow Wilson was the american president during the war. He took a neutral stance, but after a string of events, he declared war on Germany.

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Franz Joseph in his coffin after his death at the ripe old age of 86.

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Wilhelm II walks among his troops who prepare for battle.

Tzar Nicholas II holding a gun in front of the back porch on one of his palaces May 16, 2013 ~ A Century of war ~ 24

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Fallen Angels

By: Aubert Waguespack

Fallen Angels is a great book written by Walter D e a n Myers(below). This book is a fictional drama about the Vi e t n a m Wa r published in 1988

by Scholastic Inc. Fallen Angels takes place in the jungles and U.S. military bases in Chu Lai a n d Ta m K y, Vietnam in 1967

and the beginning of 1968.

Richard Perry, a black basketball player from Harlem, joins the army during the Vietnam War and discovers many new sides of himself, along with meeting a few new friends.

Harold “Peewee” Gates, a big mouth tough guy from Chicago, befriends Perry and the two of them become best friends who fight alongside each other in battle.

Johnson, a muscle head from Georgia, becomes the backbone of the squad and him and P e e w e e continuously bicker throughout the whole book. Lobel, a man obsessed with hollywood and the movies, is one of

Perry’s best friend and Perry can always trust Lobel.

Brunner, a tough ranger who is as big as a house, became another foil the Peewee and never really bothered with Perry. The squad continues to get new recruits throughout the entire story.

I n t h i s book the author clearly shows the horrors of war by having people die by exploding mines, Fallen Angels

Walter Dean Myers

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grenades or even exploding children.

Much of the action in this book is u s u a l l y accompanied by chaos by having random flare go off or someone misses their signal resulting in someones death.

The attitude the author gives towards his characters during battle is serious and scared opposed to when they are safe at the base acting comical and confidant.

The reader would not be able to put the book down because one minute the squad could be sleeping peacefully and the next they are being bombed by the Vietnamese sappers.

The story would change the readers view on soldiers, that they are not all tough and macho, but some are sincere and sensitive.

The characters are continuously looking at the newspaper for the latest news updates on peace talks in France which shows that most of the soldiers at war really don’t want to be there.

The characters in the book would much rather be drinking out of a coconut on the shores of Hawaii then fighting for there lives in the jungles of Vietnam.

This book has aspects of friendship, warfare, and even a little bit o f c o m e d y. F o r

example when the young Lieutenant said “ This is not Disneyland!� shows aspects of comedy, but also a seriousness.

The book is a perfect fit for those who love reading because it is always surprising you in every chapter. The book is also great for history fanatics too, telling you about all the major weapons and strategies the U.S. and the Vietnamese used in the war.

Fallen Angels is a magnificent book for any reader that wants an interesting and compelling read.

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All Quiet On the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque wrote a masterpiece in All Quiet on the Western Front, revealing how awful fighting a war in the trenches during WWI is to the public eye. The book was originally copyrighted in 1929 by Little, Brown Company and renewed by Remarque in 1957. He was a WWI veteran himself and had experienced the physical and emotional toll that war generates. In writing the young adult historical fiction book, he expresses the exposure of what war is really like. The book is organized chronologically.

This book covers multiple aspects of WWI including horrors of the war, life back home during the war, prisoners of war, and wounded soldiers and how their lives were

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transformed because of the war.

Paul, the protagonist of the story, enlists to fight the war with all but one of his classmates to fight for their home country Germany.

They were convinced after a heart pounding, passionate speech from a schoolmaster named Kantorek.

Paul makes new friends in the army, but will he and his friends be Remarque was a heavy alive to go back home? smoker after his fighting days During Paul’s time in the trenches, he theme is that war is witnesses death in the dominated in every single vicinity of it being aspect of life, it is unescapable after unavoidable and will watching friends, new ultimately result in loss of recruits, and everyone else life for most as shown in in front of him get killed the following quote; or wounded. As a result, the primary historical

If only he had run two yards further to the left, he might be sitting in the trench over there writing a fresh letter to his wife.

But I will go no further that way, for that is the fate of all of us: if Kemmerich’s leg had been six inches to the right, if Haie Westhu’s back was three inches further forward.

Kropp, one of Paul’s best friends, is part of the second company. When he is wounded, Paul pretends to have fever and goes to the hospital with him. Tjaden is

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also a member of the second company and is known for having a loud mouth and an even louder attitude towards Corporal Himmelstoss, the second company’s May 16, 2013 ~ A Century of war ~ 27

infamous leader despised b y a l m o s t e v e r y b o d y.

Katzinski is a another soldier in the second company.

He is middle aged with a family back home and has an abundant amount of experience in battle. Müller is another soldier from Paul’s class, part of the second company, good friends with Paul, and is killed in battle. Westhus, who enlisted into the second company, is a farmer back home and is killed in battle. Kemmerich was also killed in battle. A

classmate of Paul, wants his boots to be returned home to his parents. Leer, also one of Paul’s classmates and was the first to have intercourse and is described as “an old Hand at the game.” He is later killed in battle.

Detering, another man part of the second company, made an attempt to light out back home, but was caught by French Guards.

All Quiet on the Western Front is a book the ties together a multitude of depressing feelings. It pulls

emotion out of every one and throws it into one epic story. It is a great source to use to fill in information textbooks do not talk about, especially concerning the opinions of soldiers.

I highly recommend this book to any student interested in war novels.

Many students love this

book making this a great The modern cover of All read for those who love to Quiet on the Western read about WW1 and those who just learn about it.

VOTE

OBAMA

By Tony Ceasar

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I Am a Seal Te a m S i x Warrior

By Tony Ceasar I Am a Seal Team Six Warrior is a book that takes the reader through the harsh environment of being a Navy SEAL. It was written by Howard E. Wasdin and Stephen Templin and published

Howard E. Wasdin,author of I Am A SEAL Team Six Warrior

by St. Martin’s Griffin in 2012. This book is nonfiction and addresses how Howard Wasdin battled through a rough and abusive childhood to become a member of the elite fighting force called the Navy SEALs. The images in this book are associated with the life of the author as well as the life of a Navy

SEAL. They depict Howard Wasdin going through SEAL training and what a SEAL must do during a mission. The purpose of these images is not just to draw the reader closer, but to give the reader a feeling like he is actually a SEAL. This book is set in many different places such as the West Coast of The U.S., the East Coast of the U.S., Saudi Arabia, and the Persian Gulf.

This book’s time period stretches from the 60s to the early 90s. Its main c h a r a c t e r, H o w a r d Wasdin, struggles with overcoming his abusive childhood to become a SEAL. Howard Wasdin shows us that becoming a Navy SEAL is a tough, gratuitous process. He also shows us that. The major historical theme of this book is the machinery of war or the inhumanity of war because the main c h a r a c t e r, H o w a r d Wa s d i n , u s e s m a n y machines and technological advancements to kill the enemy. Howard Wasdin

tends to show an informative tone in this book to show the readers what the average Navy SEAL goes through.

This book tries to pull t h e r e a d e r ’s i n n e r patriotism out and makes him/her want to

Cover of I Am A SEAL Team Six Warrior

be a SEAL. It makes the reader want to go on covert operations and fight for their country. It makes the reader want to crawl through sand and swim through frigid waters to reach their ultimate goal, to protect the freedom of every U.S. citizen, and ensure that the Constitution remains just and right.

This book’s geography, history, politics, and events help to develop

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the theme that war in t o d a y ’s s o c i e t y i s inhumane by giving us a sense that anybody can press a button or control a drone to wipe out a whole town or city, but no one in today’s society fights the enemy with d i g n i t y, h o n o r, a n d respect. Instead, they slaughter the men, women, and children of towns like pigs.

Bring Freedom Back!

Overall, this book captures the theme that war is, sometimes, a necessary evil, but also, in some cases, war is not needed. This book would be a great read for a student wondering what a Navy SEAL’s life is really like, and for a person who loves America , especially American history.

Support The Building Of Freedom Tower!

By William Sargent

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Flags of Our Fathers By: William Sargent !

Flags of Our Fathers is a nonfiction war novel based on the Patriotism of six young men. Flags of Our Fathers was published by Bantam Books in 2000.

James Bradley with the assistance of Ron Powers, wrote this book to show the life story of the six young men who raised the flag on Iwo Jima.

The book is told chronologically beginning in the early 1900’s and ending in 1994, when the last flag raiser dies.

Readers may recognize the image of the American flag on Iwo Jima spread throughout the book.

This is because the flag is what the book is based on. The book takes place on

James Bradley

the Japanese controlled island of Iwo Jima during 1945. Also there are sections of the book that takes place in America. !

Flags of Our Fathers consists of six main historical figures. John Bradley, Mike Strank, Harlon Block, Rene Gagnon, Ira Hayes, and Franklin Sousley. The book starts with a background of all the characters.

John grew up in Antigo, Wisconsin living in a military family. Mike grew up as a Czech immigrant in a mining town in Pennsylvania. Harlon grew up in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas with a loving desire to play football.

Rene grew up in a small mill town in New Hampshire. Ira was a Pima Indian on a indian reserve in Arizona. Finally Franklin grew up as a farmer living in Kentucky without a father. Later on in the book the six men are all deployed onto Iwo Jima in February of 1945.

They are thrown right into the fight

Ron Powers

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witnessing heartbreaking experiences happen to their friends and fellow Marines. Through the way the author described the battle he portrayed how terrifying it would be to be a soldier on Iwo Jima. The author also shows how chaotic war can be with bullets flying by a soldiers face and others screaming in agony for a medic.

Then the time came for the six future heroes to climb Mt. Suribachi. Atop Mt. Suribachi they had orders to replace the first flag placed with a larger one “so that every son of a ____ on this whole cruddy island can see it!”

That was when the famous 1/400th of a second occurred.

Soon after the flag raising three of the six men were killed, Franklin, Harlon, and “the Marine’s Marine” Mike. ! !

When the three survivors returned home they faced immediate attention from the public as well as reporters. Soon after they return home they begin their bond tour which takes them around the country giving speeches about the heroic 1/400th of a second.

After the war they begin to notice that they are experiencing strange

habits resulting from the war, such as night sweats, drinking, and stress.

These habits eventually lead to the death of Ira, and Rene.

John is the only one to live into his 60‘s and 70‘s. He eventually dies in 1994 from a stroke. That is when the author starts to find information about his father that was never known such as his Navy Cross. !

Flags of Our Fathers is a must read for any student or history lover. With the 70th anniversary of t h e fl a g r a i s i n g coming up, there is no better time to read this book. Readers also may love this book because it shows the patriotism of six young ordinary men who risked their lives for their country. In addition Flags of Our Fathers shows what actual battle is like. However, the book does have its parts that could be inappropriate to young readers.

For example, Flags of Our Fathers consists of a large amount of “battlefield language”, and violence.

All in all, Flags of Our Fathers is an extraordinary book.

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The Journal of Patrick Seamus Flaherty By: Alex Barron

The cover of The Journal of Patrick Seamus Flaherty.

The Journal of Patrick Seamus Flaherty (above) was written by Ellen Emerson White (right) and published in June, 2002. This is a non-fiction book the follows young Patrick Seamus Flaherty through his tour in the Vietnam War. This book is a book is the journal that Patrick Flaherty wrote during his time in Vietnam and is arranged chronologically by the day. This book takes place mostly in the Khe

Sanh Combat Base located in the Republic of South Vietnam during the years of 1967 and 1968.

Patrick Flaherty was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts.

Patrick is a big football player and plans to go to Boston College when hid tour in Vietnam is older. On his birthday in the summer of 1967, Patrick enrolled in Boston.

Bebop is an African American from Detroit who Patrick doesn’t like at first but by the end of the book, they become best friends. Bebop is a jazz musician who plans to go pro when his tour in Vietnam is over.

One of the themes developed in this book is “ The horrors of war”, because Patrick Seamus describes many of his friends/ peers being shot and blown up by NVA troops. This book will make you want to join the Marines and serve you country. It will also pull at your patriotism and will make you feel even more grateful that the U.S. Marines and the

The author of The Journal of Patrick Seamus Flaherty, Ellen Emerson White.

U.S. Army fought to defend our country during the time of war.

This journal will get you interested in the Vietnam War and will also have you on the edge of your seat the whole time you are reading it.

The author portrays the tone of the book as a patriotic book and one that tells the Vietnam war through the eyes of Patrick Seamus Flaherty. This book is a great fit for teenagers and adults because it is an easy, but interesting read. This book has you on the edge of your seat the whole time making you wonder what will happen next. This book is also great for history lovers because it will expand on knowledge of the Vietnam War.

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Countdown By: Nathan Blancher In 2010 Scholastic Press published Deborah Wiles’ young adult novel, Countdown. Set during the Cold War in 1962, Franny Chapman, is young 5th grader living in Washington D.C. with, her father Phil, her mother Nadine, her older sister Jo Ellen, her younger brother Drew, and her Uncle Otts.

teenage girl who likes to collect and play records. Drew is a 3rd grade “angel child” who can’t tell a lie .Uncle Otts is Nadine’s strange brother that is trying to fight the war.

Countdown is about the common p e o p l e d u r i n g t h e C o l d Wa r, specifically the cuban missile crisis.

This Book will affect the emotions of whomever is reading it as Franny is put through such tough times of war This would be a good book for readers who

Phil is an Air-Force pilot stationed in a Washington D.C. Air base. Nadine is a mother of three trying to take care of her family and watch over her brother. Jo Ellen is a runaway

Deborah Wile is the Author of Countdown, she based it off of her memories as a child. enjoy the Cold War.

The cover of Countdown is a record because during the Cuban Missile Crisis Franny listened to a top 40 music countdown.

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The Longest Day Tells the Story of the D-Day Invasion By: Alex Barron One of the most famous WWII movies is “The Longest Day”. The Longest Day is a black and white movie about the D-Day invasion told from the U.S. and German view point. “The Longest Day” was directed by Ken Annakin during the years of 1960- 1962.

One of the famous actors that acts in this film is John Wayne. The film includes several Allied military soldiers who had been in the D-Day invasion. This includes many major event scenes that led up to the D-Day invasion. One scene includes the American troops storming the beaches of Normandy.

“The Longest Day” won 5 Academy awards in the year of 1962.

The cover of the movie, “The Longest Day”.

Jeffery Hunter during the D-Day invasion.

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The three main characters of “ The Longest Day”.

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Arts Photo Essay

By Nathan Blancher

The U.S. Government created ways to prepare their citizens for attack.

Tensions between The United States and The Soviet Union lasted for years.

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The U.S. and The U.S.S.R. were the two main superpowers of the world.

The Cold War had a large selection of major art images to inspire the public to fight against the enemy. Bert the turtle was used to teach young children what to do when the air-raid sirens went off, “duck and cover.�

John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev were constantly in a battle for power, and whoever lost would be blown to pieces. This

was created by David Crowley, who was against the Cold War, it is the image of superman in Russia and the image of superman in America, he made it to show that the two countries at war are almost exactly the same and could put aside their differences.

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Randal Jerrell BY: Aubert Waguespack

Randall Jerrell was poet was an author from Tennessee that had success writing about his feelings about the war.

He enlisted in the Air Corps in 1942, but soon left and became a control tower operator. Jerrel’s reputation was beginning to be acknowledged in 1945 when he wrote his second book, Little Friend, Little Friend. The book expressed the dilemmas and fears of soldiers. His poem “Losses” was about how in war everything was just killing, dying or losing. He then taught at the Woman’s College of the University of North Carolina until his death.

He died by getting hit by a car in 1965. He was 51 years old.

Randall Jerrel

“Little Friend, Little Friend” by Randall Jerrell.

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Bomber plans were named after girls.

Losses “It wasn’t different: but if we died It was not an accident but a mistake. We read our mail and counted up our missions-- In bombers named for girls, we burned The cities we had learned about in school-- Till our lives wore out ;

our bodies lay among the people we had killed and never seen. When we lasted long enough they gave us medals; When we died they said, ‘Our casualties were low.’ ”

Medals of Honor were given to soldiers who served valiantly.

World War II fighter plane.

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Iconic Images of By: William Sargent

The USS Arizona on December 7, 1941 at Pearl Harbor after being bombed by the Japanese.

The American flag being raised on Iwo Jima after the troops climb Mt. Suribachi on February 23, 1945.

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Pacific WWII

A Japanese kamikaze plane crashing into an American ship.

The atomic bomb being dropped on Nagasaki.

!

Page one, top: The attack on Pearl Harbor took place on December 7, 1941.

The Japanese sent planes to bomb the American fleet of warships.

The attack started at 8:00 AM and ended at 10:00 AM, thus destroying or damaging 21 American war ships.

Page one, bottom: The battle at Iwo Jima, was during the month of February, 1945. The battle was located on the island of Iwo Jima in the Pacific Ocean.

The famous

photograph was taken on February 23, 1945 as American Marines climbed Mt. Suribachi and planted the American flag in the soil.

Page two, top left: The two atomic bombs were dropped over Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

The battle at Okinawa, was fought from April 1st through June 21st in 1945.

The battle consisted of many kamikaze attacks by Japanese pilots.

In the battle there were over 7,000 Americans killed and almost 32,000 wounded.

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Music and Songs About the Vietnam War

key role in the Vietnam War, it did not affect how everyone felt about the war. There were many other factors that affected peoples

opinions on their view of war.

By Tony Ceasar There have been many songs written about the Vietnam War. Artists such as Jimi Hendrix, the Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, the Beatles, John Lennon, Creedence Clearwater Survival wrote songs about the Vietnam War. Many songs were about ending Jimi Hendrix performs at Woodstock 1969. the conflict in Vietnam because many artists were against war. These artist spread the message that war was not the answer. During the 60s many people protested the war in Vietnam.

Many people met together to rally and protest. People were divided into groups called doves and hawks.

Doves, such as John Lennon, supported ending the war while hawks, such as John John Lennon does what he does Wayne, supported best: play good music. fighting in the war. Even though music played a

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John Wayne, also known as The Duke, was a famous hawk( a person who supported the Vietnam War).

The Rolling Stones’ 1969 album cover for Sympathy for the Devil.

Bob Dylan plays guitar while also playing the harmonica, something he normally did.

Creedence Clearwater Revival’s 1968 self-titled debut album.

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William T Fitzsimons:

By Jacques Reynoir William T. Fitzsimons, an American lieutenant, was killed in combat on September 4 1917 by an air raid sent from Germany. He was killed along with some men of lower ranking, therefore his death is most notable. They were in Base Hospital No. Five in Brest, France. He is considered the first

A Legacy Left american officer killed in combat during world war one.

He was born in 1889 in Burlington Vermont. He graduated from the University of Kansas School of Medicine in 1912. After his death, in 1920, an army hospital in Aurora, Colorado was renamed to its present name the Fitzsimons Army Hospital in Honor of the

William T Fitzsimons

William T Fitzsimons on the days before leaving to fight the war in Europe

A memorial fountain of Fitzsimons can be found in Kansas City Mo. It is 19 ft. high and has a grass deck on the top where people can take stairs up to the top.

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Fitzsimons at his time in medical school at Kansas University. His colar shows the staff of Hermes

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