A Century of Science, Medicine and Technology

MAY, 2013

SCIENCE, MEDICINE, AND TECHNOLOGY The details on Henry Moore’s nuclear energy sculpture.

The Apollo 11 Moon Landing is Remembered.

Table Of Contents - The Reason Behind the Columbia Being Destroyed, page 2: By Spencer Zaheri - Apollo 11 Moon Landing Remembered, page 2: By Andrew Busenlener - The Bill Gates and Melinda Gates Foundation Founded to Eliminate Polio, page 3 By Elizabeth Ruckman - Technology: Friend or Foe?, page 5 - 6: By Lucy Butterbaugh - Major Medical Figures of the 20th Century, pages 7 - 8: By Spencer Zaheri - Major Medical Figures of the 1900s, pages 9 - 10: By Lucy Butterbaugh - Great Entrepreneurs of the 20th Century, pages 12 - 13: By Elizabeth Ruckman - Five Great Inventors of the 20th Century, pages 15 - 16: By Andrew Busenlener - Beginning of Arts Section, page 17 - Blue, pages 18-19: By Elizabeth Ruckman - Book Review on State Of Fear, page 20: By Andrew Busenlener - A Maximum Ride Novel: The Final Warning Book Review, pages 21- 22: By Spencer Zaheri - Book Review on Deadly pages 22 - 23: By Lucy Butterbaugh

Apollo 11 Moon Landing is Remembered By: Andrew Busenlener

On Wednesday, July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 stood ready for launch at the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A. A few weeks earlier, US satellites had viewed a Soviet rocket blow up right after launch. This rocket had been planned to go to the moon.

This gave the USA hope that they would win the race to the moon. They wanted to make sure the American astronauts would not suffer the same fate as the Russian cosmonauts had.

In order to do this, everything had to be planned very carefully.

The mission plan was land two men on the moon and return them safely to Earth.

They also wanted to conduct several scientific experiments.

Astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael

Neil Armstrong outside the Eagle after just putting down the American flag.

continued on pg.4

The Reason Behind the Columbia Being Destroyed By: Spencer Zaheri

On February 1, 2003 the space shuttle, the Columbia, was destroyed.

Michoud was a company, in East New Orleans, which created the Columbia’s external fuel tank.

The fuel tank was responsible for the

destruction of the Columbia.

It was concluded that the tank, created by Michoud, caused damage to the left wing of the shuttle during lift off.

The damage to the shuttle was caused by a problem with the insulation adhesive on the tank. The adhesive

on the fuel tank was called epoxy primer. If this primer is not given enough time to dry a number of problems may occur, and unfortunately that is exactly what happened to the Columbia. The purpose of the epoxy primer was for foam insulation, since it was

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Founded to Eliminate Polio By: Elizabeth Ruckman

Bill Gates, the cofounder of Microsoft Corp., has a aspires to end Polio.

Gates expects to complete this plan by 2018, also known as, the Six Year Plan. Since 1988, the world has set a goal to eradicate the disease.

Polio is a

Children in Africa suffering from Polio.

continued on pg.6

Columbia continued from pg. 2

not allowed to dry properly a major problem occurred.

Some of the foam shed from the tank during lift off and hit the left wing of the shuttle, which in turn caused damage to that wing. Later when the Columbia was returning into our atmosphere it was destroyed because of the damage to the left wing.

Bruce L. Wright said he saw workers repairing the bipod area of the tank when it was being created. This area was determined to be the area from which the debris flew from during flight.

John Ehlers, who used to work at the Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co. Michoud Assembly Facility,

contagious viral disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or p e r m a n e n t immobility.

So far, there are only 19 cases of polio in 2013.

The number of cases for

said that the primer did not dry properly from a possible variety of reasons, the primer may have been too thick, its chemical composition may have been wrong, or the ventilation in the facility may have not been working correctly.

Ehlers and Wright were two of several Michqoud employees who have said that they witnessed problems at the plant. The officials did not believe Ehlers when he told them because he learned of this at an informal lunch conference with Wright. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board was the group of people appointed by NASA to retrieve information as to

how the Columbia was destroyed. While they were reviewing the making of the tanks they were concerned of the application of the adhesive.

Ehlers became concerned when the shuttle broke apart reentering the atmosphere and wrote a letter to to the company he said, “I wanted to make the company aware.

If it was a contributing factor, I would like to prevent this from happening again.”

In the letter Ehlers stated that the workers did not want to start over with the epoxy primer when they noticed the mistake they did a “touch-up work” which extended the drying time for the adhesive leading to the problems of the Columbia.

Apollo 11 continued from pg.2

Collins were ready to be the astronauts that won the race for their country. Armstrong and Aldrin would be the only ones landing on the moon.

Collins would orbit the moon while waiting for them to be done with their research. It is 9:30 PM Houston time, July 20, 1969. The astronauts had launched and were now near the moon. Armstrong and Aldrin loaded into the LM (Eagle) and head out. Their launch site was Mare Tranquillitatus. They landed on the moon surface safely, and opened up the hatch.

They actually landed the LM on the moon at 3:17 the next day. The Eagle landed around 50 kilometers from the closest highland material and 400 meters west of a crater about 180 meters in diameter.

Armstrong was the first to squeeze out of Eagle and view the landscape a round him. He took out a camera first, so the world could see him descending onto the moon surface. “That’s one small step for man... one giant step for mankind,” said Armstrong as 600 million people watched him step

down a small ladder.

“Beautiful devastation,” Aldrin commented as he too came down to the rough and desolate land.

To g e t h e r t h e t w o astronauts manage to get an American flag standing.

This would have been hard, considering the moon is greatly made of rock.

Then, they performed the Neil Armstrong (left), Buzz Aldrin experiments they were sent (right), and Michael Collins (center) for.

The result of these posing for an official Apollo 11 crew e x p e r i m e n t s w e r e a l l photo shoot. radioed back to Earth so considering the skill it took. scientists could further The Apollo 11 crew was so investigate. They collected accurate in their engine burns samples of lunar “soil” that they only had to make one could be examined back on mid-course correction. The Earth. They also packed 22 angle that they had to have kilograms of moon rocks (50 going into earth was also of them) into the LM, critical. If the angle was too launched, and headed back to shallow, the rocket would the command module. They b o u n c e o ff t h e E a r t h ’s released the Eagle from the atmosphere, much like a flat command module and it rock bounces off a pond’s crashed into the moon surface. If the angle was too surface. The astronauts had steep, it would have burned spent 22 hours on the moon. up in the atmosphere as it After they were sure that entered.

Despite all this everything was set, Collins, Armstrong, Aldrin, and Armstrong, and Aldrin began Collins all got home safely on to fly back to Earth, where July 24, 1969, at 4:56.

America was celebrating.

The trip home went very well,

Technology: Friend or Foe? By: Lucy Butterbaugh

When technology entered in the 1900’s, mankind was largely impacted and most found the transition to this new world of technology challenging.

Little did us humans k n o w, a s t e c h n o l o g y continued to advance, their knowledge of these new devices grew, but their privacy shrank. On November 17, 1924, Roy Olmstead, a Seattle police officer, was taken into custody because he was smuggling liquor from Canada into Washington.

The government, without a search warrant, had obtained the evidence through wiretaps they had used to monitor O l m s t e a d ’s p h o n e conversations. Olmstead argued that his conviction should have been reversed because the government had violated his 4th Amendment right to a search warrant. The government had argued that phone conversations could not be physically searched for and acquired like papers. The case was

Several Modern Day Cell Phones. known as “The Amendment’s protection v. government intrusion in the relatively new realm of t e l e p h o n e communication.” On June 4, 1928, the final decision was 5-4, and Olmstead was sentenced to 4 years in prison. The Supreme Court claimed that neither Olmstead’s Fourth or Fifth Amendment rights were violated. It was not until 1967, that this case was overturned.

On February 19, 1965, Charles Katz was convicted of using a public phone booth to

p e r f o r m interstate gambling. The evidence on Katz was obtained by the use of wiretappings, set up by the FBI. Katz argued that his 4th Amendment rights were violated, because of the government’s eavesdropping on his conversations. Due to the circumstances in this conviction, the 4th Amendment was stretched to where a person has “a reasonable expectation of privacy.” The final ruling was 7-1 in the favor of Katz. The 1 being Justice Hugo Black, and the absent vote going to Justice Thurgood

Gates continued from pg. 3s

polio has been decreased by 99%. The other 1% remains in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. If this disease does not eradicate, then it will return. This will be the first disease eradicated since smallpox.

Unlike small pox, to consume the vaccination for polio, children would need ten drops of it. Gates is fascinated by vaccines because they prevent the disease from ever coming instead of treating it once you get it. Vaccines are also inexpensive, costing only $0.60, and are easy to give.

However, a numerous amount of kids do not receive them.

Some parents dislike the idea of the vaccination because of the targets from Islamic militant groups. Ten people were shot and dead at two health clinics during a polio immunization campaign in Nigeria in February, 2013. The

security for vaccine employes will be increased because of the attacks.

Melinda And Bill Gates have contributed $1.8 billion.

Gates has been forcing wealthy nations to donate $5.5 billion.

“We’ve raised three-quarters of that money so far,” said Gates.

60% of funds were provided by donations.

The remaining percentage comes from philanthropists.

Bloomberg Philanthropies joined Gates’ effort with a $100 million commitment. The total cost of this plan is $5.5 billion. Even though the costs seem high, the eradication will save billions of dollars in the long run.

"Polio's pretty special because once you get an eradication you no longer have to spend money on it," said Gates, "It's just there as a gift for the rest of time ... All you need is over 90 percent of children to have the vaccine drop three times and the disease stops

spreading ... The great thing about finishing polio is that we'll have resources to get going on malaria and measles."

The plan includes modern new plans such as geographic information system maps combining cartography and database technology to aid in the children who have not been vaccinated.

India organizes more then two million health workers for an immunization day to visit homes. The health workers go to train stations, bus stations and ferry terminals to inoculate against polio for the children who may have not received the vaccine.

The oral polio vaccines that contains live, weakened viruses can eventually regain strength and cause the disease again, even though it was suppose to prevent it. The shot version of the vaccine is made of a killed virus that poses no risk. The U.S., has been using the shots

Technology continued from page 5

Marshall. Writing for the majority, Justice Potter Stewert wrote, “One who occupies (a telephone booth), shuts the door behind him, and pays the toll that permits him to place a call is surely entitled to assume that the words he utters

into t h e overturn of the mouthpiece will Olmstead v United not be broadcast to States. the world.”

Because of this ruling, government wiretapping was now accountable to the 4th A m e n d m e n t ’s warrant demand, and in an unsuspected turn of events, the Katz case influenced the

Do you think these cases were fairly ruled? Tell us your opinion on www.supremecourtopinions.com

By Lucy Butterbaugh

Major Medical Figures Greatly Influence 20th Century By: Spencer Zaheri

There were many medicinal advancements made by many people in the past century. These advancements ranged from discoveries to creations. Dr. Karl Landsteiner created a description of blood compatibility and rejection.

His work produced a list of blood types on which types can receive what, type A and type B can go to type AB and type O can go to types A, B, and AB. Dr. John H. Gibbon Jr. successfully used a heart and lung machine.

Dr Karl Landsteiner working in his laboratory (below)

Dr. John H. Gibbon Jr. (below)

Dr. Christiaan Barnard (right) and Mr. Washkansky (left) after the surgery

He later finds success again while using it on a human, his method of using the machine is still used in surgery today. Dr. James Watson and Dr. Francis Crick were able to describe the structure of the DNA molecule. Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the first successful human heart transplant, with his success, he saved the life of Mr. Washkansky. In conclusion, these great feats accomplished in the past have helped the entire human race have a prosperous future.

Dr. James Watson (left) and Dr. Francis Crick (right) with a DNA model.

A heart and lung machine.

Chart which describes Karl Landsteiner’s idea of blood compatibility and rejection.

1900s Influenced by Medical Enhancements By: Lucy Butterbaugh

M a r y M a l l o n (right) was spreading typhoid like a spice in her cooking.

Charles Drew was a passionate, african american, who didn’t see “race as an excuse for mediocracy.”

Albert Sabin developed the oral vaccine at the University of Cincinnati, with the help of some co-workers.

Throughout the 1900’s, many medical advancements and discoveries have been made that have saved the lives of millions. In 1940, Charles Drew created a new theory of blood preservation technique called “Banked Blood.” Because of his work with this theory, Drew became the director of the Blood for Britain project during the European War. Later Drew went on to become the director of the Red Cross Blood Program. Soon after Drew began working with the organization, The Red Cross had established a desire to separate the blood based on the skin color of the donors. Drew saw this as an outrage, and quit the Red Cross in protest. Charles Drew’s work on this theory helped save the lives of millions, including those in WWI, and still today. Jonas Salk was the first person to try a new approach to prevent Polio. Instead of injecting the person with a smaller, and weaker dose of the virus, Salk used an dead form of it. In 1955, Salk’s Polio vaccine received federal approval, and cases of Polio dropped 95% within 6 years. In 1962, the first oral polio vaccine was licensed. It was developed by Albert Sabin. Sabin took a different approach than Salk, and used a less powerful and harmful dose of the virus. The vaccine was taken much like cough syrup, and over time, Sabin’s vaccine became more preferred than Salk’s. Alexander Fleming was the unintentional creator of Penicillin. In 1928, Fleming discovered

mold had been growing on his petri dishes.

Fleming’s nose leaked and dropped onto the dish, and the bacteria disappeared.

Fleming began growing and testing mold and and determined this mold to be a penicillium mold, that was a non-toxic, bacteria killer. While most of the medical discoveries in the 1900’s were helpful and life saving, there were few exceptions.

Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary, was the first healthy carrier of typhoid fever. A healthy carrier is someone who someone who carries the disease, but isn’t affected by it. Mary migrated to the U.S. when she was 15, and she became a cook for wealthy families. Over the span of seven years, Mary worked at seven different homes, in which 22 people had become ill with typhoid fever, including one death. Mary became the most-well known disease spreader in the 1900’s. Over the last century, science and medicine has been busy and full of celebratory and mournful discoveries.

Jonas Salk learned the cause of influenza in college. This knowledge fed his curiosity of illnesses and diseases.

With Alexander Fleming’s discovery of Penicillin, not only was prevention of the disease possible, but treatment of disease.

By Andrew Busenlener

REELECT PRESIDENT OBAMA, AND HE WILL INVEST IN MORE SOLAR ENERGY. HE WILL MAKE THE UNITED STATES

Great Entrepreneurs of the 20th Century Change How Life Works

By: Elizabeth Ruckman

Ever since hitting the end of the 20th century, technology and science has made a big impact on everyday life.

Without these competent entrepreneurs, our lives would not be as simple or hightech. Over the past years, Bill Gates, the cofounder of Microsoft Corp. has been desiring to eradicate Polio. The majority of Gates’ wealth these days comes from private equity, bonds, and major stocks. Similar to the other brainiac tycoons that dropped out of college, such as Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, Jack Dorsey the creator of Twitter companies them.

Dorsey wanted to combine the ideas of mix transmit software and instant messaging on one website.

He opened a company called Odeo for his first attempt of his plan.

Having the other co-workers, Biz S t o n e a n d E v a n Wi l l i a m s accompanied him by beginning Twitter.

Steve Jobs, a widely known figure across the world, has been known to be the person who started Apple. Jobs only started off with an insignificant amount of money. Jobs and his two partners, Steves Wozniak and Mike Markula began Apple together, then more shareholders came along. Jobs left Apple because of the contrasting opinions among everyone, so he

Jack Dorsey (above)

David Filo introducing “Yahoo!”

Bill and Melinda Gates

began his own company named NeXT. Apple realized that Jobs was an essential person for their company, so Jobs returned to Apple. Jobs eventually became CEO of the company, and this lead him to many achievements and wealth over the years. David Filo and former cofounder, Jerry Yang both founded Yahoo. Yahoo is a site that allows you to answer or ask questions from other users on the internet. Yahoo is also a search engine equivalent to Google. Yahoo stands for “Yet Another Hierarchal Officious Oracle.” Another common search engine cofounded by Larry Page called Google. Page and his cofounder Sergey Brin, named it from a mathematical term called “Googol,” because it demonstrates their plan to organize the amount of the important amount of information at the beginning of your results. Without these convenient labor-saving devices, humans save time and energy as the result.

Steve Jobs

The Science Museum

For Kids

Come on down to the Science Museum For Kids! Each exhibit gets the kids interested. They’ll have a blast!

Located in downtown New Orleans, call 1-800-SCIENCE

By Spencer Zaheri

Five Great Inventors of the 20th Century Create Many Everyday Items

By: Andrew Busenlener

Willis Carrier, Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Orville and Wilbur Wright, and Frank Whittle.

These five inventors created technology that are taken for granted today. Willis Carrier was an American engineer. He is credited with creating the first air conditioning. For decades, he sold his air conditioning all over the world. Thomas Edison created several different inventions.

These include the phonograph, the

lightbulb, and the very first camera. Some historians believe he is the greatest inventor of the 20th century.

Henry Ford was the founder of Ford, the motor company. He also developed the use of assembly lines when making cars. Without him, cars would be more expensive and would take longer to build. Orville and Wilbur Wright were

Willis Carrier (above)

Henry Ford (left)

Wilbur (ground) and Orville (in plane) Wright beginning the first flight in history.

American brothers and engineers. They invented the first plane. Frank Whittle’s creation is closely related to the Wright brother’s. He was an English Air Force engineer. Frank gave the world the turbojet

Thomas Edison (below)

engine. These men are known as great inventors and engineers, and the world would be a very different place without them.

Frank Whittle (right) in his British Air

Arts Arts Arts

Arts

Arts

Arts

Arts

Arts

BOOK REVIEWS A Touching Story From World War II By: Elizabeth Ruckman

Now there is no need to study all you need to do is take a pill. You’ll be called the Einstein of your generation

Joyce Moyer Hotstetter, the writer of Blue, which was published in 2006, and her other reappearing themed books based on diseases have had a big affect readers The book gives a depressing mood because of the awful events that take place.

In a small town, where Ann Fay Honeycutt and her family live, they come across major struggles that have an affect on their life. The family mourned while they had to say farewell to their father as he went off to fight in World War II in 1944. The father assigned Ann Fay the job, “man of the house,” by giving her his overalls, which is very symbolic to her, “Them overalls was a sign of strength to me.” This job led Ann Fay to act stern to her peers. “The girls started squalling and I wanted to bawl too, but I didn’t because it was my job to act tough.” Luckily, a close neighbor and family friend named Junior and his mom Bessie help and care for the Honeycutt family. Along with Junior and Bessie, Ann Fay has a close friend named Peggy that she can look to. Polio became a big worry during World War II, even President Roosevelt caught the disease himself. With the family’s struggle of having their youngest son, Bobby, getting polio himself, the family became closer and realized that they were not paying enough attention to each other. “The next thing I knew, my momma was clinging to me, tight as a chigger,” stated Ann Fay when she was finally seeing her mom after a few months while her mom was in the hospital with Bobby. With the letters the family and the father wrote back and forth, it showed how much compassion was shared among the family. The two young twins, Ida and Ellie, were inseparable, and often, they would disobey Ann Fay. Ann Fays narration displays how she has a minimum of education or proper language, which made her sound like a southern lady from the mid 1900s. Ann Fay struggles when she encounters a friend who she dislikes at first, but she eventually desires to be with her new friend Imogene when she goes through tough times.

The Cover of Blue

Joyce Mayor Hesteller

However, Imogene is African American and many people disagreed with Imogene and Ann Fays friendship, even though Imogene’s mom disapproved of white people. “She always acted like she didn’t understand why me and Imogene wanted to be friends.”

In the 1940s and 50s, Polio killed an enormous amount of children, and even some adults. Polio still has an effect on kids today, but only in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria. Fortunately, today the world has powerful vaccines to eradicate the disease. Bill Gates has also made a big contribution to end polio. For anyone who loves books based around World War II or for anyone

State of Fear Amazes Public Michael Crichton’s State of Fear is a thriller that is impossible to put away. If you’re a science fiction lover, you will fall in love with State of Fear. The book is set in 2004, when eco-terrorists are creating natural disasters using modern-day technology in order to affect America’s view on global warming. Peter Evans, “a junior associate of the Los Angeles firm Hassle and Black,” is tasked with stopping them. Fortunately, he has the help of Sarah Jones, the assistant of Peter’s client, George Morton. George has a list of locations which ELF, the terrorist group, wants. “They think George gave it to one of us,” Sarah says to Peter concerning the list. Peter and Sarah are closely related to an environmental group called National Environmental Research Fund, otherwise known as State of Fear cover NERF, which has been acting rather suspicious recently. State of Fear is mainly set in Los Angeles, but the protagonist’s travels range from the Solomon Islands in Australia, New Mexico, and Antarctica. Avon Books published this Michael Crichton masterpiece in 2004.

Michael Crichton refers to his protagonists as normal human beings that are flawed. However, he also makes ELF’s agents sound like what they’re doing is right.

This book can completely change the reader’s view of modern-day science and global warming. It can be very educational for anyone of any age. State of Fear is a serious and occasionally emotional book. A large theme developed by this book is that you can never know who to trust. The protagonists are frequently being followed and are always suspicious of the people around them.

Michael Crichton

The time period greatly affects the novel. The entire book is centered upon global warming and technology.

State of Fear could not be set in the 50s without the author looking like a fool. It contains sexual content, some profanity, and graphic images of violence, so this book is not for all age groups. The book captures the scientific aspect of the 21st century, and even if the reader are a historian just looking for information, State of Fear has something for you.

The Final Warning for Earth By: Spencer Zaheri

The Final Warning, a book by James Patterson, is a thrilling read that will keep the reader on the edge of their seat. Little, Brown and Company, published the book in the year of 2008.

The book takes place in several different places of the world, from the Antarctic to Miami. It projects an attitude of humor but also has intense action scenes. This compelling read takes the reader with the flock: Max, Fang, Angel, Nudge, Iggy, Gazzy, and Total to the freezing plains of the Antarctic. The flock is a group of children who were experimented on and now have wings and other special abilities.

Max is the flock leader; she is 14 years old and can fly the fastest out of all of them. Fang is 14 years old also, he has a blog, and he can blend into his surroundings, literally. Angel can change how she looks, read minds, and talk to animals. Nudge is magnetic. Iggy is blind and can only see against complete whiteness and feel colors.

Gazzy can “erupt” and can make bombs. Total is the flock’s dog and he can talk; later, he gets a sweet surprise. The flock, although suspicious of many humans, do have human friends. Doctor Martinez is Max’s half mother and is very trusted by the flock. Ella is Max’s half sister; she is Dr. Martinez’s daughter. Jeb is barley trusted, and only is because Dr. Martinez trusts him.

The flock’s objective is to save the world from the dangers of global warming. The reader sees with a nail biting ending how the dangers affect the world. The flock tries to escape the grasp of many evil and grotesque figures, while they have to deal with the traitors among them and the betrayals they make.

The book makes the reader think how their every day use of electronics and gas using machines affects global warming. It also makes the reader think about how global warming affects their lives.

It pulls the readers emotions to try to stop global warming and protect humanity.

Global warming is affected by our technology and gas usage. In The Final Warning, the flock studies the affects of global warming all around the world. The flock sees first hand how bad global warming truly is. This book is a must have and everyone will love this book.

James Patterson Maximum Ride Final Warning

Typhoid Fever Strikes New York By: Elizabeth Ruckman

“Can a girl get work fighting death?” “How is it that death is here on earth?” “Why do people have to die?” These are questions Prudence Galewski asks herself everyday; thoughts she keeps in her mind that she is too afraid to voice. After the death of her brother Benny, Prudence had always dreamed of becoming a scientist. Being a girl, especially in 1906, Prudence was always used to being told she couldn’t. Prudence was the girl who sat in the corner of Mrs. Browning’s classroom with her hair tight to tight to her head, dreaming of being somewhere else. But Prudence is finally given an opportunity to bring her dreams of science to life when she applies for a job at the New York Department of Health and Sanitation.

“Miss Galewski,” says Mr. George Soper, her employer, “Before you agree to take on this work, I would like to make it clear to you that I’m not hiring you as a secretary. Instead I’m looking for someone who can come with me to disease sites and help me investigate causes.”

These are the words Prudence has been waiting to hear for years; but the events to come were not expected.

When Prudence begins working for Mr. Soper, she is assigned to be the notetaker for the Thompson case. The Thompsons are a wealthy family living in Long Island, who recently came down with a case of Typhoid Fever, that affected everyone in the house including the housemaids and chefs. The cause of the fever was unknown, and after interviewing everyone in the household, Prudence and Mr. Soper have no reason for the fever. One day Prudence comes across a maid that had quit shortly after the Thompsons had contracted the fever. Her name is Mary Mallon. After many tests and searches, Prudence and Mr. Soper discover Mary has given seven households the illness. In these houses 22 men and women have contracted the disease, and two have died because of this. Mary is a healthy carrier, meaning she is contracting the fever, but is not effected by it. After this discovery, a female scientist joins the case: Dr. Sara Baker. Dr. Baker makes Prudence realize that it is possible for her to become a scientist, even against the odds. After multiple failed attempts to capture Mary, Mr. Soper and Dr. Baker decide to take Mary by force. Because of the violent seize, Mary is taken to a quarantine island north of New York, where she is held for three months until Mary ends up suing the Department of Health for being help captive, even though she is in perfect health. How can Prudence and Mr. Soper prove their point? Can Prudence and Mr. Soper collect the information they need to prove their scientific theory of a ‘healthy carrier’ in court?

Throughout the case, Prudence struggles with feelings she didn’t know she could feel. Prudence has built up a wall; a wall where she only expresses her feelings through her writing. “Without my writing, I would suffer an emptiness worse than I feel now. I feel like a secret observer, separate from everything that goes on around me.” Prudence’s walls begin to break, when she soon realizes she’s in love; a feeling she said would never happen, for fear of being left. Prudence also experiences continual loneliness and loss, because of the haunting loss of her father, brother, and best friend.

Deadly is a hair raising work of fiction written by Julie Chibbaro in 2011, that is set during the early 1900’s during the sweep of Typhoid Fever. Deadly contains plenty of information for the history lover, the literature lover, and the science lover. The novel talks about bacteria, cell makeup, and how diseases such as typhoid spread. The illustrations are done by Jean-Marc Superville Sovak, and they present what Prudence has learned during the job, and what she has used during the job in illustrations. The information on Mary Mallon is spot on, and most of the book is based off of real people, real historical events, and real places. Deadly is a captivating read that will have readers of all kind wanting more!

Arts Photo Essays Famous Musicians also Practice Science By: Andrew Busenlener

Brian May (left) playing guitar for Queen.

They Might Be Giants’ John Linnel and John Fransburgh (below).

This proves that even rock stars can be scientists. Brian May is known as the greatest guitarist ever, but he also was a scientist. Brian had a Ph.D. in astrophysics in college before the band got popular.

For a while, he put his astrophysicist side aside and was solely a guitar player.

But later on in his life, he continued to research. Art Garfunkel was a singer, actor, and mathematician. Greg Graffin is the lead singer for

Art Garfunkel (left)

Bad Religion. He is also an Ivy League Professor at Cornell University.

He teaches the evolution there.

They Might Be Giants is a band that makes educational songs for children of any age. Their main members include John Linnel and John Fransburgh.

Greg Graffin on the cover of a Bad Religion album.

Apollo 11 rocket success gains major attention throughout the world By: Spencer Zaheri

Apollo 11 was the first mission to send a man to the moon that was successful. The crew of Apollo 11 consisted of Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin. The mission’s objective was to successfully send the men to the moon and back.

The mission was a success and everyone celebrated at their accomplishment. Millions of people watched Neil Armstrong descend upon the moon on their televisions with the great quote,

“

...one small step for a man, one giant leap for

The crew of Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong(left), Michael Collins(center), and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin(right)

”

mankind. -Neil Armstrong Their great accomplishments were on headlines for newspapers and televised on multiple channels, so thousands more may see the great news.

Buzz Aldrin (above)

Neil Armstrong (above), the first man on the moon

The Apollo 11 rocket

The Movie Cyberbully Stuns By: Elizabeth Ruckman

Have you ever worried about your child, friend, neighbor, etc., when they isolate themselves and stick to technology? Everywhere you go these days people are surrounded by technology that contains social media. Social media has had many issues with contacting strangers, sharing photos, and giving out personal information.

A movie called Cyber Bully presents a teenage girl named Taylor Hillridge, who gets herself into trouble when she joins a social media site similar to Facebook. Taylor was a high schooler who had a low social status and was struggling with that fact that her parents were divorced.

For her birthday, Taylors mom gave Taylor her own laptop. Taylors mom was very firm and protective of her. Taylor joins a social media website and isolates herself from her friends and family. Suddenly, she met a boy on the site who was giving her attention.

When Taylors bestfriend Samantha realized that she became addicted to her laptop, she created that boy to t e a c h Ta y l o r a l e s s o n .

Eventually, Taylors younger brother hacks her account and writes “I’m a naughty bad girl, someone should spank me.”

This leads Taylor to traumatic

problems. Her friends have tried to convince her to delete her profile, but Taylor refused. Afterward, a video of her being mocked was uploaded making her appear to be a prostitute.

Immediately, Taylor posted a video of her announcing that she is going to kill herself. Quickly after that, Samantha watches the video, calls 911, and rushes to Taylors house. An ambulance and Samantha arrive at her house. Samantha found Taylor in the bathroom trying to open a bottle of pills and stated “Can’t get the cap off.” Meanwhile, Taylors mother walked in. In addition, Samantha reveals herself to the public and she gets picked on. Taylor is provided help and attends group therapy. The mother contacted a senator to explain the issue and persuaded him to pass a law to prevent problems in the future similar to Taylors. This movie sent out a message to warn people about how cyberspace is a sensitive yet hazardous society of people of any age.

Nuclear Energy Becomes Common By: Lucy Butterbaugh

During the 20th century, experimentations went on to discover more about nuclear energy. On December 2, 1967, sculptor Henry Moore created a Nuclear Energy sculpture. This statue now occupies the space on Ellis Avenue, where Enrico Fermi and other coworkers built the first self-bearing nuclear chain reaction.

Fermi’s experiments went on during World War II, also known as the Atomic Age. He worked to develop an atomic bomb. Fermi’s first try at the chain reaction was very weak power wise, yet very effective in an influential sense.

After this attempt, many eyes were opened to the possibilities of nuclear Henry Moore’s Nuclear Energy sculpture can be found w e a p o n s a n d t e c h n o l o g i c a l north of Manuseto Library. advancements were made. The Institute for Nuclear Studies and the Institute for the Study of Metals (both located on campus at the University of Chicago,) are outcomes of the effort, along with the Argonne National Laboratory. Medical advancements were also made because of the nuclear research during the war. In the 1950’s the Atomic Energy Commission sponsored the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital. With their new knowledge from their funders, and the war, the Argonne Hospital used radiation in Cancer treatments.

Multiple scientists working with the University of Chicago during the war went on to win Nobel Prizes.

While the Atomic Age inspired people to work with nuclear energy, the Luzinterruptus were trying to do the opposite. The Luzinterruptus are a group of anonymous artists in Madrid who based their art off of local problems and unknown places with great, artistic potential. “We use light as a raw material and the dark as our canvas,” says an unknown member of the group. The Luzinterruptus began their work on the streets of Madrid in the late 2008’s, and was D u r i n g t h e Ha m b u r g D o c k v i l l e never seen to the public eye as significant until the Festival, the nuclear energy statues annual Hamburg Dockville Festival. During the festival, caught a great deal of attention. the Luzinterruptus had made LED light sculptures of men in caution suits. These sculptures were made to remind men and women of the dangers of nuclear energy.

By: Lucy Butterbaugh