Hybrid Protections in ILSAC GF-7
May 17, 2023
Brent Calcut
ILSAC GF-7 category is under development targeting Q1 2025 first licensing
requested
ILSAC GF-7 streamlines previously separate OEM requests to introduce Aged Oil
LSPI protection and other performance improvements
Fuel economy improvements pulled ahead to align with U.S. CAFE regulations
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2022 2023 2024 2025
API
Overview
Finalize new bench tests
Waiting Period Tech Demo
GF-7
GF-7 first licensing
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Introduce ILSAC GF-7 in 2025? -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Percent Annual Improvement Miles Per Gallon Model Year U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy Regulations Car/Truck Combined Percent Annual Improvement Unprecedented annual FEI in MY 2024-26 requires efficient ICE, Hybrid and electric vehicles Source: NHTSA.gov
Why
ILSAC GF-7 Performance Requirements
OEMs are requesting the following performance improvements in GF-7:
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Test Parameter GF-6 GF-7 Seq. IIIH Oxidation and deposits WPD ≥ 4.2 WPD ≥ 4.6 Seq. VIE Fuel economy By grade GF-6 + 0.5%* Seq. IX LSPI protection after aging Fresh only Fresh and Aged Seq. X Timing chain wear 0.085 max 0.080 max MRV Low temperature pumpability 60,000 cP max 40,000 cP max Sulfated ash GPF compatibility 1.0wt% max 0.90wt% max Water Tolerance Oil gelation with water contamination EOWTT Modified with water & CO2 Seals Elastomer compatibility 5 materials +4 materials * FEISUM proposed increase for xW -20 and xW -30 grades
Why Consider Hybrid Requirements in ILSAC GF-7?
Anticipates 67% BEV sales in 2032 Includes PM 0.5mg, max
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-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 Percent Annual Improvement Miles Per Gallon Model Year U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy Regulations Car/Truck Combined Percent Annual Improvement
Source: NHTSA.gov, epa.gov
Even greater proposed FEI for MY 2027-32 expects continued Hybrid and BEV growth
Hybrid Vehicles are Gaining Momentum and Crucial for Success
HEV, PHEV and BEV sales are growing faster than market
~60 HEV models available on the market
~40 PHEV models available on the market
Plug-in Hybrids offer excellent fuel efficiency
U.S. CAFE ratings range from 34 to 114 MPGe
U.S. CAFE ratings average 77 MPGe
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for Automotive Innovation (2023) Advanced Technology Sales Dashboard
Alliance
Significant Hurdles Persist to High BEV Sales
BEV range anxiety remains
Charging infrastructure
Nationwide ratio of 29 EVs per charger
BEV sales >> new public charging ports
High than average cost
Average BEV price is 23% higher
Average HEV price is 24% lower than industry average vehicle price
Hybrid vehicles will play an important role in meeting near-term U.S. CAFE
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Alliance for Automotive Innovation (2023) Advanced Technology Sales Dashboard
PCMO for Hybrids: New Challenges
Case 1: Cold commuter
70mph on the highway when engine first starts
Case
Rarely leaves town. Does not often use the engine.
Case
Taxi fleets in hot regions
wear from cold
fuel dilution
engine never gets hot
emulsion
high thermal load through a downsized engine
Hybrids and usage can increase the severity of operating conditions
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2: Short trips
3: Intense usage
PCMO for Gasoline Hybrids: New Challenges
Operation
Characteristics
Low operating temperature High-power cold start Engine off in E-drive mode Stop/Start
Fuel
Dilution
Emissions Friction Wear Dilution
Dilution Efficiency
Oil dilution can be either emulsion or fuel dilution, and it is dynamic in real-world application.
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Dilution Emulsion
AftonChemical.com 2023 © Afton Chemical Corporation, All Rights Reserved. Copper Corrosion Performance Simulated Hybrid Operation Extended D130 Copper Corrosion In Real-World Aging 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 20000 40000 60000 Fuel (%) Water (ppm) 1a 1b 4a 3a 4a 4b 4b 4b 4b 1a 1a 1a 3a 4b 4a Oil A Oil B 5,000 mi Copper corrosion protection varies between oils and with aging
Hybrid ILSAC GF-7 Proposal
AftonChemical.com 2023 © Afton Chemical Corporation, All Rights Reserved. Parameter Test Limit Wear protection in low temperature operation D8350 Seq. IVB 2.2mm3 300ppm Copper corrosion D130 at 100°C for 3 hours Maximum 1b Emulsion retention D7563 E85 Emulsion No water separation at 0°C and 25°C 75% minimum emulsion at 0°C Aftertreatment compatibility D874 Sulfated ash 0.8wt% max
performance requirements could be added to GF-7:
Hybrid
Hybrid vehicle population is growing and will remain a crucial step as the automotive industry transitions to Zero Emissions Vehicles
Hybrid engine operation is different than ICE-only vehicles creating new challenges for passenger car engine oils
ILSAC GF-7 is a timely opportunity to introduce additional Hybrid performance
Lubricant effects by hybrid operation are well known
Engine and bench tests are available
ILSAC could introduce a ‘GF-7 Hybrid’ specification or include hybrid performance into all GF-7 oils
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Conclusion
