Nov/Dec LASPro 2024

November/December 2024

Inspiring Change for a Sustainable Future Environmentally Friendly Practices in Your Vivarium Poultry Enrichment in a Research Setting

Fish Simulators for Use in Training of Techniques and Procedures

Indiana, Nebraska, Northern California, San Diego Branch News

Creating and Incorporating Novel Alternative Training Models into Your Training Program

ALWAYS ON GUARD Protect you and your animals with fast, effective and safer disinfectants.

Peroxigard com

Creators of

Peroxigard™ is a member of the Virox family of brands. * You must read and follow the instructions on the label for our product and use the product for the particular applications specified on the product label. Product shots have been digitally altered and are not accurate as shown. Refer to product label or reference sheet for a complete list of disinfection claims and additional features. Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide® and Design are trademarks of Diversey, Inc. B-070224-8499-Ad1F © 2024 Virox Technologies Inc.

November/December 2024 Vol. 12 Issue 6

4

Leadership Corner

6

People & Places

9

PROfiles

Sharpening the Focus on the Future

Certification Awardees

Meet Alexis Skurnack, BS, ALAT

FEATURE 12 Inspiring Change for a Sustainable Future

29 AALAS Connection

Inspiring a Culture of Care: Highlights from the 32nd Annual NCB-AALAS Educational Symposium

By Sonja Wallace, BA, AAS, RVT, CPIA, RLATG

AALAS Branch Outing 33 Nebraska to Glacier Creek Preserve

By Allie Scamardo, ALAT of the San Diego 35 Return AALAS Fall Symposium

By Christina Boykin, BS, LATg, Amanda Rumans, MS, CMAR, RLATg, RVT, and David Seiber, BS, CMAR, RLATg

By Matthew Marshall, BA, ALAT

of the Indiana AALAS Branch 37 Revitalization

By Arlene Gross, RLATG

DEPARTMENTS

41 Calling all GLAS applicants!

TECH TIPS Replacement Training (ART) 15 Alternative Methods: The Art of Creating and

Incorporating Novel Alternative Training Models into Your Training Program

By Mandy Sexton, LATG, SRS

Description of a Fish Simulator for Use in 21 ATraining of Techniques and Procedures

By Tannia S. Clark, DVM, MS, DACLAM, Stephen C. Frederickson, BS, and Lauren Pandolfo, MS, CMAR Enrichment in a Research Setting 25 Poultry

By Allie Scamardo, ALAT

2 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

AALAS Foundation News

43 News from the AALAS Foundation 44 Ad List

STAFF

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PRESIDENT James D. Macy VICE PRESIDENT Jori K. Leszczynski

Thomas L. Joseph

Associate Publisher

Ashlee Vaughn

Degan Mesler

Associate Editor

VICE PRESIDENT-ELECT Brian J Ebert PAST PRESIDENT Robert H. Quinn SECRETARY/TREASURER Mark Sharpless

TRUSTEES District One Jennifer L. Asher District Two Erin E. Vogelsong District Three Erika Wiltrout

Production

Jennifer C. Smith Editor

Heather Lampi Ad Sales

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Leslie Birke

Louisiana State Univ

Andrew Burich Bob Dauchy

Sara Oglesby

Kelly Ethun

Jane Olin Edwards

Cornell University

David DeOrnellis

Abbvie

Emory University

Glenn Jackson

Tulane Univ School of Medicine

Life Sciences

Karuna Patil

Seattle Children's Research Institute

Richard Marble

Champions Oncology

Penny Devlin

Sonia Doss

Duke Univ Medical Center

Benaroya Research Institute

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Thomas L. Joseph

Chris Lyons

Publisher

Amy Pierce

Oakland University

Pennsylvania State Univ College of Medicine

Elizabeth Nunamaker

Charles River Laboratories

Tulane Univ School of Medicine

Stacy Pritt

The Texas A&M University System

MISSION STATEMENT

District Five Stacy R. Cantrell

Laboratory Animal Science Professional (LAS Pro) is the official magazine for American Association for Laboratory Animal Science members. LAS Pro provides a wide range of useful resources and knowledge to the association’s 15,000 laboratory animal science professionals who are involved in advancing responsible laboratory animal care and use to benefit people and animals. All signed articles, including, committee reports, news, and commentary, reflect the individual views of the authors and are not official views of AALAS.

District Six Stephen I. Levin

Authorization to photocopy portions for personal or internal use is granted by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. Photocopying for purposes of resale or outside distribution is prohibited unless written approval is obtained from the AALAS Director of Communications.

District Four Janet Lynn Steele

District Seven Adrienne Ferguson District Eight Katherine M. Marshall

AT-LARGE TRUSTEE Jennifer Mitchell Karena Thek Gordon Yee Jason S. Villano

Copyright 2024 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science.

Laboratory Animal Science Professional (USPS 010-730) is published bimonthly by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 9190 Crestwyn Hills Drive, Memphis, TN 38125. Periodicals Postage paid at Memphis, TN 38101 and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to AALAS, 9190 Crestwyn Hills Drive, Memphis, TN 38125-8538.

HOW TO CONTACT AALAS AALAS, 9190 Crestwyn Hills Drive, Memphis, TN 38125-8538 Phone: 901-754-8620 • Fax: 901-753-0046 • Email: info@aalas.org • Web: www.aalas.org

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 3

THE LEADERSHIP CORNER Sharpening the Focus on the Future I am writing this just a few weeks before the National Meeting in Nashville and now fully realizing my time to take the reins is almost here. The good news is that the vice president and vice president-elect positions are designed to “ease the new president into it.” It is a well-orchestrated succession that allows one to fully leverage the experience of those who came before you. In my case, I also served almost two terms on the BOT which gave me invaluable insight into AALAS leadership. It is these experiences that instill the team approach to AALAS leadership and, in many ways, mirrors how laboratory animal science is a key member of the larger biomedical research team. It is a great privilege to be a part of such a remarkable team.

I was able to attend the District 8 meeting in Seattle in April and the New England Branch Installation meeting in September. These regional and local meetings have a “tighter knit” feel to them and highlight the strong networks among proximate communities, at least relatively speaking- District 8 is huge! It also demonstrates the “come back” from the pandemic and the value of in-person interactions lost to Zoom. I think the biggest challenge to participating is the time constraints brought on by pervasive staffing recruitment and retention challenges. The reality is that the staffing pipeline issue was brewing before the pandemic and undoubtedly falls into “it didn’t happen yesterday and won’t be fixed tomorrow” category. However, initiatives started by Pam Straeter and Bob Quinn aimed at increasing membership engagement and involvement are a great start and will continue as part of a larger strategic initiative needed to tackle this pipeline issue.

To this end, recruiting, retaining, and sustaining a staffing pipeline also requires planning for the future and anticipating the new expertise needed. The biomedical research field is changing rapidly with innovative technologies such as AI, automation, and model refinements coming quickly. These changes have the potential to shorten the discovery cycle, tighten the translatability of animal studies, and will undoubtedly provide unprecedented opportunities for laboratory animal science. Thus, one of my goals is to sharpen the focus on the future so we not only leverage these opportunities but also help shape them. “The future is now” and I look forward to working with you to ensure we have a shared vision of the future and, importantly, work to ensure AALAS programs and resources are ready to support its members.

Lastly, as I am writing this, one of our Great Pyrenees careens onto the couch and knocks my laptop to the floor, a significant feat since one of his front legs was amputated more than a year ago because of metastatic bone cancer (osteosarcoma). It is a reminder not to lose sight of our overarching purpose of advancing science and medicine. And sometimes these advances circle back around to benefit the animals themselves, as his survival would have been unattainable without new therapeutics. Let us remember to keep purpose front and center, especially when the work becomes daunting; it is what gets us through.

Jim

James D Macy, MS, DVM, DACLAM President American Association for Laboratory Animal Science

4 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

PEOPLE & PLACES - NEW HIRES, MEETING UPDATES, AND MEMORIALS

Certification

AWARDEES AALAS recognizes the achievements of the following members who have successfully completed their certification during September-October, 2024.

CMAR Certification Recipients September 2024 Katie Neverkovec

October 2024 Annette Turner Jessica Graber

LATG Certification Recipients Timia Baez Karen Bui Jennifer E Ross Mohammed Sultan Mohiddin Sajid Nicole R Avila Lisa M Boehm

Philip R Jones Deborah Jean Kovar Stephanie A Meyer Mengxu Qi Citlally P Alcoriza Kelli M Kesler

Kleber O Ojeda Taylor G Pritchard Torin Brewer-Jensen Peyton E Chrisner Karli Durst Hailey V Longino

Synthia A Mayfield Hannah L Nall Brittany R Rodriguez Rivera Alexandra Vincent

LAT Certification Recipients Camille Alexander

Jacob Fackrell

Jordyn E Stevens

Emily Fields

Zixuan Hao

Zhongliang Zou

Macy Holguin

Victoria N Harrison

Kaylee D Cantu

Jordan-Tyler P Miller

Marissa M Marsh

Hannah E Duttera

Shelby L Miller

Evangelina G Rodriguez-Streeter

Christopher Lopez

Mina Nguyen

Simon Dufresne

Chanise Solis

Ayla Ryan

Terry Irham

Aryanna Welch

Eden J Ryan

An V Le

Hope Babcock

Buddha M Stojanovic

Amalya Levy

Jordan A Bridge

Jianzhong Tang

Victoria M Ramos

Denise Brubeck

Susan E Wanner

Anel Salazar Reyes

Hannah C Cederberg

Cedric A Wooledge

Angela S Rice

Camilla Folvar

Alyse M Crownover

Jacqueline M Robertson

Victoria L McQuade

Jvon Medley Miranda Menke Christine Moore Jacob D Prock Nicole M Rivera Connor G Willitts Joel E Gonzalez-Martinez Karah M Knotts Alyssa Martell Nohemi Ochoa Laura Nicole Paettie English Pratt Stephanie M Winkler Ashley O Ullrich

ALAT Certification Recipients Noah Armstrong Ryann Belter Catrina A Coppett Holly A Drnek Jesse N Elop Rosanna Espino

Inanna A Felton Th’Aliya Goslee Cheyenne J Johnson Jacqueline Jones Michele Jones Katia G Kovacic

6 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

Bennett A Kwakye Jr Natalie R Lara Felicia Lemieux Jessica Mena Taylour Mims Cheetie Darlen Reeder

Kathryn E Spencer John R Thompson Jacob R Underwood Isabelle R Wilson Breauna Battaglia Jordan R Bergeron

Brenay Burleson Calogero Chimenti Benjamin Dodge Meichang Fong Emily Fuller Angela E Funn Katlyn K Harpin Elena A Lightfeather Melissa Lindsey Madeline Anne-Marie Reuter Kaitlyn M Stogner Josh D Waisheyoya Matthew A Weger Sergio Alfaro Lora Baker Nekena Aneurine Diony Michael S Druzynski Alyssa Gariepy Martin Hidalgo Lily Hung

Christopher Q Lodge Jacklyn Lohrman Emily J Northey Katherine Alessandra Taddeo Alexander J Towler Eddie Tran Heather M Twenter Alice J Wilson Lauren Alsvig Janell K Armstrong Katherine Atran Vayda Ballard Nicole Buendia Garrett Bulger Nikolas Carey-Kael Suzanne E Clark James G Connor Leslie Jean B De Los Santos Lorin Gardner Sabrina M Maxfield

Anna E Meadows Sara Morris Myeisha N Ohuonu David Pineda Nadia J Stellabotte Laura J Tobar Trejo Tyler Williams Kenzie L Woods Marissa Barr-Collins Lia Biritz Gabriella Blackwell Tyler P Brun Heidi Burns Saul Cabrera Melrick Choo Ryan Chrystie Taylor Cooper Astrid D Cruz Lorenzo S Duldulao Bryan Garces

Genoa P Gregg Brett Naves Teclaire Clarisse Ngo Bakodok Joshua Turman Nailah Williams Terry Wilthew Bode D Blohm Caitlin M Braswell Noah Burby Stephanie N Elser Lupita A Gonzalez Margaret C Hodges Kristine C Kornmann Ryan Kynard Ya-Ting Liou Bailey J Luna Jenny Nunez Gabrielle Sarion Samantha Thompson Emily A Tomzik

Be Brilliant.

HIlltop Lab Animals, Inc Lab Animals

Surgical Services

Hilltoplabs.com

CRO Services

800-245-6291 November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 7

minutes with...

Alexis Skurnack, BS, ALAT LAS PRO-files

Facility/Employer During Research: Oklahoma University Health Science Center Department of Comparative Medicine Job Title: Lab Animal Husbandry Technician (previous position) How did you get in this field?

I stumbled upon this field by happenstance! I was looking for more hands-on animal husbandry experience that would challenge my skills at the time, as my prior experience was more focused on wildlife and outdoor field lab settings.

This was something new.

Who were your mentors?

Dr. Timothy O’Connell, my Professor and Mentor from OSU and Samantha Cady, now a Postdoctoral Researcher, whom I met under Dr. O’Connell.

Both of them guided me through my college days in one way or another, and were co-authors on my first research paper. They have always been big supporters, Dr. O instilling in me a passion for birds and Sam remaining a good shoulder to lean on for research and professional advice even now.

What are your current interests in animal science?

After my recent study, I think it has only emboldened my passion for animal welfare in this field and also the quality of technology used for animal husbandry has become important to me. While I currently work in a different field now doing Software Quality Assurance, I am always thinking about how better software could enhance research and husbandry techniques. Better technology can result in much stronger reporting, recording, and analyzing of data, and better data helps us understand how we can improve this field not only for the lives of animals in research, but the people working with them, too.

Where do you see yourself in 5 years?

I like to keep the doors open! I have hopes that in that time I will have another opportunity come up to work in wildlife or animal research, but I also have a lot of creative skills I could envision growing into something bigger. I know that wherever I am, I will find ways to educate and share my knowledge and passion about this field and those related - as I have learned so much.

What is your favorite part of your job?

During my time in Animal Husbandry, my favorite part was just getting to observe and care for so many types of animals every day. It was interesting to learn about their behaviors and

spend time with them enriching their lives. It was important to me that the animals were cared for, in good health, and lived happily and with purpose.

What advice do you have for others just beginning their animal science career?

Have an open mind and really be passionate about what you do.

Understand that the animal research field is so much broader than just one occupation, and there are so many ways you can contribute to the science involved here. Stand up for good research, good science, and good practices!

What is the most rewarding aspect of your career?

Definitely the experience and knowledge I gained through this field. The opportunity I earned to do my own research study involving the behavior of laboratory animals gave me a sense of purpose in this field, and I was grateful to be a part of research that contributes to improving the lives of animals in science.

What is something unexpectedly interesting about your career?

Coming in with a totally different perspective, I learned a lot about how animal welfare in animal science is regulated, and it really gave me peace and clarity to see how much it has improved over the decades. Once an outsider looking in, I always thought animal research was just for people,

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 9

but learning how much it has helped other animals across the world too, is incredible and uplifting and something I wish more people knew about and understood.

What companion animals do you have? If you have none, then what kind of pet would you like to have?

I currently have a dog, a box turtle and 3 rats - it was actually my experience in this field that convinced me rats were great companions! I would also LOVE to have a Capybara.

Best binge-watching TV series?

Gilmore Girls, Project Runway, and The Expanse all the way!

What are your favorite hobbies?

Too many - I love making various types of art, reading, gaming, twitch streaming, exploring music and playing saxophone, hiking, camping, birding, writing - the list goes on!

Where is your dream vacation spot?

Germany - There is so much history and family there. I would also love to go to the Schwarzwald, see a German Christmas, visit the old town of Nördlingen, and experience Oktoberfest in Bavaria!

What is your favorite dessert?

Ice cream – Braum’s mint chocolate chip or cappucino chunky chocolate are my go to!

10 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

GENERAL INTEREST FEATURE

Inspiring Change for a Sustainable Future: Environmentally Friendly Practices in Your Vivarium

By Matthew Marshall, BA, ALAT

The implementation of environmentally friendly practices in laboratories is not just a necessity; it is a responsibility towards our planet and future generations. The impacts of climate change are serious.2,4,7 Increased frequency of severe weather events poses incredible dangers to people throughout the world.2 More drastic temperature changes will have global impacts on agricultural, ecological, and public health systems.4 Sea level rise and ocean acidification pose threats that also have global consequences.7 No one person can ever take on the task to tackle these challenges. But, with collaborative efforts, you can make long-lasting changes that promote the well-being of future generations. Where is a good place to start? Perhaps where we spend most of our time - the vivarium.

Laboratories are powerhouses of innovation and discovery, but they also consume a significant amount of energy and generate substantial waste.3 Vivaria are no exception to these rules. The power usage of laboratories is immense due to the operation of high-energy equipment, such as autoclaves, washers, and freezers. This consumption contributes to the overall carbon footprint of research institutions. These tools are necessary, but limiting energy used by labs is crucial in mitigating our impact on the environment. Consider increasing your freezer temperatures to -70°C to reduce energy use by around 40% while having no impact on sample integrity.1 Replace old equipment responsibly with energy-efficient options. Actively search for opportunities to conserve energy by turning off unused equipment.

Waste generated by laboratories often includes hazardous materials.

These are environmentally taxing to manage, especially if they require shipment and incineration. Increased evidence of the dangers of plastic waste and pollution on public health are surfacing.6 Reducing this waste requires a concerted effort to reduce, reuse, and recycle materials. Work towards limiting the number of hazardous materials 12 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

produced in your workflows. If you feel stuck there are helpful articles out there that can spark ideas that can apply to your situation: https://www.mygreenlab.org/blog-beaker/how-toreduce-waste-in-the-laboratory. I encourage you to remember that it is worth it and that you can make a lasting impact.

You may feel daunted by the task of implementing a new green idea or system into your lab setting. It is important to find encouragement and collaboration with others. Take on simpler tasks together first, building towards larger changes at your lab. Something simple like the addition of centralized recycling bins for empty boxes. From there, you may create a “Green Team” that meets regularly to share ideas, seeks advice, and works together to enact environmentally friendly changes.

Even better, your institution may already have a lab-based “Green Team”- join it! Be the representative of the vivarium in that space. Gather ideas from your colleagues! Having a team or group of colleagues is instrumental to dealing with any pushback on changes to “how things have always been done”, a phrase many of us have heard before. Check out resources like My Green Lab5 and relevant recycling options for the masks and/or gloves you use. You may be surprised to find that the PPE you use everyday could be recycled instead of sent to landfill.

Benefits of these practices extend beyond environmental conservation. Think of the possible cost savings, improved safety, and increased efficiency within your vivarium. Furthermore, environmentally friendly vivaria can inspire and educate the next generation of scientists to be more conscious of their research practices and the ecological footprint they leave behind. The integration of green practices in your vivarium is an investment in sustainability that yields dividends for both the environment and the scientific community. Take some time to think about what can inspire you to pursue these changes!

Matthew Marshall, BA, ALAT is a Senior Research Associate at Vertex Pharmaceuticals in Boston, MA REFERENCES 1. Drahl C. 2018. A Matter of Degree. ACS Central Science.

4(10):1294–1297. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1021/ acscentsci.8b00705 2. Ebi KL, Vanos J, Baldwin JW, Bell JE, Hondula DM, Errett NA, Hayes K, Reid CE, Saha S, Spector J, et al. 2021. Extreme Weather and Climate Change: Population Health and Health

System Implications. Annual Review of Public Health.

42(1):293–315. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-publhealth-012420-105026 3. F arley M, Nicolet BP. 2023. Re-use of laboratory utensils reduces CO2 equivalent footprint and running costs. PLOS ONE. 18(4):e0283697–e0283697. Available at: https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283697 4. K otz M, Wenz L, Levermann A. 2021. Footprint of greenhouse forcing in daily temperature variability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118(32). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103294118 5. M y Green Labs. [Internet]. 2024. [Cited 19 September 2024]. Available at: https://www.mygreenlab.org/ 6. R affaele Marfella, Prattichizzo F, Celestino Sardu, Fulgenzi G, Graciotti L, Spadoni T, Nunzia D’Onofrio, Scisciola L, Rosalba La Grotta, Chiara Frigé, et al. 2024. Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events. The New England Journal of Medicine. 390(10):900–910. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2309822 7. Shivanna KR. 2022. Climate Change and Its Impact on Biodiversity and Human Welfare. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. 88(2):160–171. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43538-022-00073-6

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 13

Small Animal Research Solutions for: Low-Flow Anesthesia Physiological Monitoring Noninvasive Blood Pressure Ventilators Animal Warming Surgical Platforms

kentscientific.com

TECH TIPS – NEW TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS

Alternative Replacement Training (ART) Methods: The Art of Creating and Incorporating Novel Alternative Training Models into Your Training Program

By Mandy Sexton, LATG, SRS

Introduction

T

he Charles River Laboratories site located in Ashland, Ohio (Charles River Ashland) has been using alternative training models for dosing and blood collection since April 2023. Both crafted and vendor manufactured models have been utilized in over 660 training sessions for more than 10,000 doses and blood collections combined. Crafted models for 5 species have been created and are used for various dose routes and blood collection methods at the Ashland site. Since the implementation of alternative training models, an increase in staff confidence with dosing and blood collection techniques has been observed.

This includes more proficient handling of dosing syringes, placement of the dosing syringe or catheter, handling of needles and syringes for injection, and a more accurate approach for needle entry into the area that is being dosed or having blood drawn. Additionally, these new training methods are having a positive impact on animal welfare by decreasing the potential for improper techniques to be performed on live animals and thereby reducing stress on them.

In this article, you will learn how to create a basic dosing training model suitable for oral intubation, interscapular subcutaneous injection, and hindlimb intramuscular injection via creatively modified enhancements on a single canine stuffed animal toy (Figure 1).

Materials and Methods

Figure 1. Canine model stuffed animal toy

To make the canine dosing model, purchase a plush toy canine that is the appropriate size and positioned how the live animal would be dosed (standing or sitting). You will also need a giant stretch tube fidget toy with a stretched length of 27 inches, one-sided adhesive foam sheets with a 2 mm thickness, hot glue and gun, an upholstery sewing kit with needles, a tiny Wubble™ bubble ball toy, a foam stress toy November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 15

Figure 2. Supplies needed for canine oral intubation dosing model

Figure 3. Stretch tube placement in the canine model

Item Used:

Cost:

Available at:

Stuffed Animal: Melissa & Doug™ Giant Siberian Husky

$75

www.melissaanddoug. com/products/husky-giant-stuffed-animal)

Craft Supplies: 9x12 inch adhesive craft foam sheet (2mm thick), hot glue and gun, and upholstery sewing kit with needles

$23

Any craft retailer

Giant Stretch Tube Toy: NUTTY TOYS™ Jumbo pop fidget toy (1.2 inch diameter with a stretched length of about 27 inches)

$10

nuttytoys.co/nutty-toys-poptubes/BAC33ACA55.html

Bubble Ball: Tiny Wubble™ Bubble Ball (any color or type)

$11

wubbleball.com

Stress Ball Toy: Paw shaped stress toys (3 inches)

$15

www.orientaltrading.com/3brightly-colored-paw-printshaped-foam-stress-toys-12pc--a2-13718323.fltr

Total

$134

Hours Spent on Construction

2 Hours

Table 1

16 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

(paw shaped or any flat foam toy), and a pair of scissors (Figure 2). To test and use this model, you will also need an oral intubation cannula of your preference. A list of items, cost, and availability can be found in Table 1.

Oral Intubation Dosing Model for Canine Model Modification 1. Make a small incision about 4-8 cm in the mouth area followed by a 3-4 cm incision in the chest of the stuffed animal with scissors.

2. Next, insert a giant stretch tube toy into the incision made in the chest and pass it through to the mouth opening. It is helpful to use your fingers to help guide the tube in the mouth (Figure 3). Once the tube has been placed, cut off the top and bottom section of the stretch tube up to the first ring.

3. S tart building the mouth of the stuffed animal by cutting the adhesive foam to fit around the outside of the giant stretch tube, apply hot glue to the tube and secure the adhesive side of the foam to the tube (Figure 4).

4. P ieces of adhesive foam are then cut to fit the top and bottom of the mouth and use hot glue to secure the adhesive surface side of the foam with the top and bottom of the mouth.

5. The model is now ready to be tested and an oral intubation dosing cannula is used to verify whether the dosing model feels similar to the actual dosing procedure on a canine.

6. I f the dosing cannula does not feed properly into the stretch tube, reposition the stretch tube and try again. Once comfortable with the feel of the movement of the oral intubation dosing cannula through the stretch tube, apply hot glue on the outside of the stretch tube and secure it to the foam at the top and bottom of the mouth.

7. The fabric around where the tube exits the chest is then stitched closed, securing it around the tube, but leaving the tube exiting the chest.

8. L astly, to enhance the life-like simulation, create upper canine teeth with adhesive foam and sew them between the mouth fabric and the fur of the stuffed animal (Figure 5).

Figure 4. The stretch tube secured in place

Figure 5. Upper canine teeth are added to enhance life-like features

Model Use If your standard dosing procedures require a negative pressure check prior to delivering the dose, two individuals are necessary: a trainee and a training assistant. The trainee will insert the cannula into the mouth toward the back of the throat and feed the cannula until it exits the tube in the chest simulating entering the stomach. The procedural checks to ensure proper placement of the cannula can also be performed by the trainee. The end of the cannula protruding from the mouth is placed into a container of water and inspected for the presence of air bubbles that may signify the cannula is in the trachea instead of the esophagus. Negative pressure check is accomplished by attaching a syringe to the same end of the cannula and slowly drawing back on the plunger, while the training assistant pinches the distal end of the cannula closed.

This simulates the negative pressure check used to confirm placement of the tube in the esophagus. After the negative pressure check has been completed, the training assistant should release the pinched cannula and place the distal end into a container to collect the dosing material. The trainee attaches a dose syringe to the cannula and the model is dosed.

A new syringe filled with water is attached and the cannula is flushed. The trainee then pinches the cannula and withdraws it from the model while leaving the syringe attached. This trains the technician in multiple aspects of dosing including how to manipulate the cannula, practicing proper placement checks, gaining experience pulling the appropriate dose volume, handling the switch of syringes, and ensuring proper removal of the syringe to avoid aspiration.

Scapular Subcutaneous Injection Model

Model Modification 1. S tart by cutting off the valve patch from the tiny Wubble™ bubble balloon.

2. P lace the bubble balloon in the middle of the scapular area of the stuffed animal where dosing would normally occur.

3. S ew along the bubble balloon’s outside edge to secure it to the stuffed animal (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Scapular subcutaneous injection model

Model Use 1. A n air-filled syringe should be used to practice administration of the dose.

2. The injection area is tented, and a needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the injection area. The syringe is first aspirated to confirm proper needle placement (the November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 17

resistance that is present on a live animal will not be felt when pulling back on the syringe plunger), the plunger is then depressed, and the dose is administered. The needle is then removed. This model trains the technician to tent the skin, manipulate the needle and syringe, and learn the appropriate angle to dose for subcutaneous injection.

3. The subcutaneous injection site can be used to practice intradermal injections to learn the same skills as indicated above.

Hindlimb Intramuscular Injection Model

Model Modification 1. To simulate muscle separation in the model, make a straight-line incision into a stress toy and apply hot glue to the incision, forming a divide in the stress toy (Figure 7).

2. Make a small incision about 8-10 cm on the medial aspect (underside) of the hindlimb of the stuffed animal above the region of the hock.

3. Once the hot glue incision on the stress ball toy has dried, place it into the incision made in the hindlimb and move it into a position located on the outside of the hindlimb just under the fabric (Figure 8). You should be able to feel the separation in the stress toy through the fabric if properly placed.

4. Sew the incision on the underside of the hindlimb closed.

Figure 7. Incision in a stress toy simulates muscle separation

Model Use 1. An air-filled syringe should be used to practice administration of an intramuscular injection. A needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the injection area, and the syringe is aspirated to confirm proper needle placement (the resistance that is present on a live animal will not be felt when pulling back on the syringe plunger), and the dose is administered. The needle is then removed. This model trains the technician to feel for muscle separation at the dosing location, manipulate the needle and syringe, and learn the appropriate angle to dose for intramuscular injection.

The instructions above are intended to be a guide. There may be a variety of ways to create a single or multi-purpose stuffed animal model for the methods identified in this article. The procedures above can be modified to create a basic dosing rabbit, non-human primate, pig, or other species model by changing the stuffed animal toy, adjusting the location of where the tubing exits the model, and/or scaling the amount of material used for an injection area.

Methods for Incorporating Training Simulators into your Training Program

Alternative training models used for training are great tools that allow trainees to become comfortable with the tools and steps of a procedure. Models can help identify gaps in training that need to be addressed prior to performing a procedure on a live animal. Models can also be used to refine a skill after performing on a live animal.

In 2023, Charles River Ashland embraced the use of alternative model training and increased the number of 18 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

Figure 8. The stress toy placed inside the hindlimb

models ­integrated into our training program. As new models were created, they were evaluated by our trainers and, once approved, the model was added to the list of alternative training models available for use in Ashland. The use of models was integrated into our required training curriculum, including the number of sessions and/or doses or collections that needed to be completed with a model prior to transitioning to live animals. The use of the models can be tracked to allow for verification that the trainees are using them for practice as appropriate.

While alternative training models provide valuable practice with techniques and manipulating equipment, they are not a

complete replacement for live animals. Live animals introduce increased complexity due to movement, necessity of appropriate handling and restraint, and differences in size and weight. In addition, some models lack resistance (back pressure) when pulling back on syringe plungers. Being creative with training can help improve the training experience and overcome these challenges.

Examples include having the trainee stroke a rat model tail while the trainer simulates the flow into the collection tube with the syringe attached to the model, moving the tail while the trainee is trying to place a needle, pinching off a cannula tube while dosing a model to simulate a blockage or back pressure, sewing in multiple ankle weights to give models a weighted feel, or by using a banana as a medium to help give a trainee the understanding of resistance that should be felt in the syringe when performing an injection.

Conclusion

In our experience, alternative training models help people become more comfortable with procedures prior to performing it on live animals, but training with models does not completely mimic the complexity of training on live animals and should not be approached that way.

Alternative training models are excellent for demonstrating improper techniques without the negative impact that it would have on a live animal. They also provide trainers opportunities to gauge the trainee’s understanding of the procedure prior to performing the procedure on a live animal. This allows the trainer to identify issues or struggles the trainee may be encountering and proactively provide correctional guidance.

Trainees can utilize an alternative training model after performing on a live animal if they need to correct issues experienced during training sessions or want to perfect a technique, such as needle and syringe balancing, angle of cannula, or tenting of the skin, etc.

If you decide to make your own alternative training models, remember that model creation is all about being creative

and utilizing materials that you already have. The models do not always have to appear real, be expensive, or be overly complex2 and multiple methods can be put into one stuffed animal. The most important consideration is that the training motions used on the model(s) mimics live practice.1 If you are interested in getting more information on the alternative training models created and used at the Charles River Ashland, reach out to Mandy.Sexton@crl.com to learn more.

Mandy Sexton, LATG, SRS, is a Senior Learning and Development Professional at Charles River Laboratories in Ashland, Ohio.

REFERENCES 1.

Braid HR. 2022. The Use of Simulators for Teaching Practical Clinical Skills to Veterinary Students- A Review. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 50(3):184-194.

2.

Williams WO, Mooneyhan DE, Peterson CM. 2015. Translational Training Tools: Recipes for Crafting Your Own Purpose-Specific Training Tools for Non-Surgical Procedures [Cited September 10, 2024]. Available at: https://ras. research.cornell.edu/care/documents/3T/The%20Joy%20 of%20Training%20Volume%201%20-%20Tools%20 for%20Non-Surgical%20Procedures.pdf RESOURCES 1.

George AJ, O’Malley CI, Bulock RE, Harmsen BJ, Brado GE, Turner PV, Williams WO. 2023. Implementation of an Alternative Training Model Method for Cardiac Blood Collection in Mice. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 62(6):487-493 2.

Mason R, Behnke MS, Knapek KJ. 2023. Absolute Rabbit Replacement: A Novel Rabbit Training Simulator. Laboratory Animal Science Professional. July/August:58-60.

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 19

TECH TIPS – NEW TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS

A Description of a Fish Simulator for Use in Training of Techniques and Procedures

By Tannia S. Clark, DVM, MS, DACLAM; Stephen C. Frederickson, BS; Lauren Pandolfo, MS, CMAR

Introduction

T

o ensure humane care and use for biomedical research animals, it is essential to properly train personnel and researchers, as well as verify their proficiency in techniques performed on live animals.2 This training commonly involves live animals, however simulators in veterinary education and biomedical research have become increasingly popular, reducing the need for live animals or cadavers and receiving positive feedback from students.1,4 In line with the 3R principles (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) in research, we developed a fish simulator to help individuals build skills in common techniques and procedures before working with live animals. The development of non-animal training is an institute initiative to help promote a culture of care and reduce animals while refining and personalizing training.

We incorporated hobby-based technology and techniques (typically used for creating soft plastic fishing lures) along with 3-D printers to create a thermoplastic resin (plastisol) equivalent of an adult zebrafish to implement training for genotyping and injection techniques. The zebrafish simulator is the first model developed and used in training by our group; however, prototypes are being developed for suture and vessel repair.

Methods

Figure 1. 3D mold

Print the Fish Stimulator Mold The exact process for this will vary based on the 3-D printer, slicer software, and filament selected (Table 1).

1. Go to NIH 3D to visualize the model and download the desired 3-D file (3DPX021449).

2. Upload the 3-D file(s) into your preferred slicer software.

3. Use a 3-D printer filament that has high heat resistance (but minimal moistureabsorbance) to help extend the life of the mold.

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 21

Materials

Source*

Bambu Studio (or similar slicing software)

Software Studio Bambu Lab

Two-sided zebrafish mold template

NIH 3D Library (file id: 3DPX-021449)

Bambu Lab P1S (or similar Shop 3D Printers at Bambu 3D printer) Lab US | Bambu Lab US

3-D filament such as ABS, Polypropylene or Nylon Carbon Fiber

Shop Bambu Filament at Bambu Lab US | Bambu Lab US

Plastisol such as MAXSOL Premium Plastisol Fishing www.fusionxfishing.com Lure- Medium Firmness 120 ml aluminum injector for Plastisol Fishing Lure Mold Tackle (lure lock)

Figure 2. 3D mold held in clamps while the plunger of the injector is pressed down by hand.

4. Follow the printer’s manufacturer’s instructions and settings appropriate for the filament to print the two-sided mold (Figure 1).

Form the Fish Simulator Body Work on a clear work bench in a well-ventilated room, chemical hood or outdoor space. Use multiple molds to produce more at once in an assembly-line fashion.

1) Assemble the mold: a. The mold should be kept clean and dry. i. Note: A wet mold with hot Plastisol can splatter and cause injury. ii. We applied a light coat of cooking oil to facilitate the release of the mold. b. Assemble the mold using clamps (Figure 2) to decrease the assembly time and streamline production. Alternately, use the holes in the mold with bolts, washers, and wing nuts to assemble and secure the two sides (Figure 3). i. Create a firm seal between the two sides to prevent extra material from being deposited along the joint.

2) Heating the Plastisol: a. We recommend reviewing the appropriate Plastisol data sheet to understand safety requirements.5 b. Don PPE (Table 1) and do not use any equipment that will later be used for food! c. Place the Plastisol into a microwave safe glass and place it into the microwave. The melting point is 320-350°F. i. Prevent overheating as it may give out unpleasant fumes.5 22 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

High Temp Glitter Coloring agents Clamps or bolts (5/16-18 × 1-1/2” zinc hex bolt) with washers and wingnuts

Amazon.com : 120 ml Aluminum Injector for Soft Plastic Plastisol Fishing Lure Mold Tackle DIY Making (Locking Nozzle): Sports & Outdoors

ADDITIVES, PIGMENTS, GLITTER, & COLORANTS (fusionxfishing.com) EFFEX DRY PIGMENT BLEND (fusionxfishing.com) Home Depot or other home hardware stores

Standard size microwave

700W microwave

Microwave safe glass (i.e Pyrex 2 cup)

Amazon.com: Pyrex

Cooking thermometer (digital or infrared)

Heat resistance gloves Safety glasses (ANSI Z87.1)

Amazon.com : cooking thermometer

PPE List

Heat Resistant Gloves, Heat Protective Gloves in Stock - ULINE - Uline Safety Goggles, Over the Glasses Safety Goggles in Stock - ULINE

3M™ Performance Reusable Paint Project Respirator Reusable Respiratory OV/P95, 6211P1-DC, NOISH- approved Organic Size Medium, 1 each/pack, Vapor Cartridge 4 packs/case | 3M United States Lab appropriate attire Table 1. Materials

Long sleeves, long pants, closed toe shoes

1. When available use a chemical hood, otherwise use a respiratory mask (Table 1).

2. Melting time will vary based on microwave power and size. ii. Fresh Plastisol will start out as a milky white liquid. iii. Used Plastisol will be solid and can be remelted to be reused for additional molds. d. Heat the Plastisol slowly, in small chunks of time. Stir frequently and monitor the temperature with a cooking thermometer (Table 1) until it is clear and a uniform, syrupy consistency is achieved. i. For example: heat 60s  stir (temperature check)  heat 30s  stir (temperature check) … until temperature has been reached e. Optional: add and mix any glitter and/or coloring agents 3) Inject the Plastisol into mold: a. Using heat resistance gloves, hold the aluminum injector, place the nozzle in the heated Plastisol and withdraw the plunger (Table 1). b. Place the injector nozzle into the mold and inject Plastisol into the mold. c. Inject enough Plastisol into the mold to have some overflow out of the air channels. This will ensure sufficient material is injected to make the body and tail (Figure 1).

4) Removal and storage: a. Allow the mold and Plastisol to cool to room temperature. b. Open the mold and remove the soft plastic fish (Figure 4). Stringy ‘burrs’ from the joint in the mold can be pulled off or cut for aesthetics. c. Fish simulators can be stored at room temperature out of direct sunlight.

5) Clean up and disposal a. Cooled Plastisol does not stick to surfaces and is easily collected, scrapped up by hand. It can be reused several times without impacting the material properties (Heating the Plastisol 2.c.iii). b. For disposal, we follow our institute’s chemical safety guidelines. Note: check with your occupational safety specialist, for any institution specific requirement:

Figure 3. 3D mold with bolds and wingnuts holding both sides of mold together

Figure 4. Opened 3D mold after Plastisol has been injected

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 23

Figure 5. Examples of fish simulators

i. Liquid waste is collected in liquid chemical waste containers. ii. Solid waste is either collected in plastic bag lined box or 5-gallon pail with liner.

6) Training and re-use: a. Use the fish simulator as a non-animal stand-in for training in techniques and procedures (Figure 5). b. The fish simulators that can no longer be used for training can be re-melted (Heating the Plastisol 2.c.iii).

Conclusion

With this fish simulator model, individuals can be efficiently trained in research genotyping techniques such as fin clipping and skin swabbing. For more advanced procedures, we can demonstrate and train on the use of fluorescent Visible Implant Elastomer.3 Researchers and students that work with fish as biomedical models (zebrafish, medaka, killifish, etc.) now have a non-animal model.

The additional benefit of being able to reuse the material makes the fish simulator a very economical tool for implementation in labs, universities, and even high schools that use fish for research and learning. In our hands, a single injector (120ml) makes 18 zebrafish simulators. The cost per zebrafish simulator is approximately $0.05/fish for the Plastisol material.

These tools offer an opportunity to learn and enhance technical skills, and we strongly encourage the development and use of non-animal training simulators as part of a well-rounded training program.

24 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

Tannia S. Clark DVM, MS, DACLAM is the Animal ­Program Director at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Stephen C. Frederickson, BS is a Biologist at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Lauren Pandolfo, MS, CMAR is the Animal Resources ­Operations Manager at Baylor College of Medicine

REFERENCES 1. Braid HR. 2022. The use of simulators for teaching practical clinical skills to veterinary students — a review. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. 50(3): 184-194.

2. Council NR. 2011. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals: Eighth edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

3. Frederickson S, Carrington B, Clark T. 2023. Zebrafish injectable plastic for identification tagging (zip it) for larvae to adults using a fluorescent visible implant elastomer.

MethodsX. 11:102340.

4. Humpenöder M, Corte GM, Pfützner M, Wiegard M, Merle R, Hohlbaum K, Erickson NA, Plendl J, Thöne-Reineke C. 2021.

Alternatives in education-rat and mouse simulators evaluated from course trainers’ and supervisors’ perspective.

Animals (Basel). 11(7).

5. Soft plastic fishing lure making guidelines. 2020. [Cited May 2024]. Available at: https://fusionxfishing.com/­instruction%26-safety-info

TECH TIPS – LAB ANIMAL ENRICHMENT

Poultry Enrichment in a Research Setting

By Allie Scamardo, ALAT

An Introduction to Poultry in Research

C

hickens are generally not the first species that come to mind when one pictures laboratory animals. In fact, they may not be on the list at all. Surprisingly, chickens have a long history as impactful contributors to science and research. They were the first species to have their genomes sequenced, helped scientists to understand genetic inheritance and cell migration, are models in embryotic, neurologic, immunological, and cancer research, and are huge contributors to vaccine development,6 including vaccines for human-based diseases such as influenza (manufactured in eggs), yellow fever, smallpox, and chickenpox.2,7 In veterinary medicine, chickens were used to develop vaccines to prevent devastating diseases such as Marek’s disease (MD), New Castle disease, infectious bursal disease (IBD), and other avian viruses that can run havoc not only in production farms, but closer to home in backyard flocks.5 Poultry, like all purpose bred birds, are one of the handful of animals that are not a covered species by the USDA in a research setting. While there are recommendations for husbandry and care available, there are not many defined guidelines. Facilities housing poultry rely on their own institutional SOPs, which are generally based off Ag Guide recommendations, egg or meat production standards, or adaptations of from covered species.

Building an Enrichment Program

Before introducing new enrichment, review any ideas with the attending veterinarian(s), IACUC, or study investigators to ensure changes to the birds’ environment is permissible.

Changes to a flock’s behavior may interrupt certain expectations in the animals, such as behavior or health, which may also affect the outcome or reproducibility of studies.

Chickens are highly inquisitive by nature and removing them from their natural outdoor environment to November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 25

Enrichment at a Glance Species and Age

Floor Toys

Hanging Toys

Perches & Huts

Edible Items

• Small caged bird or rodent toys • Mirrors or blank CDs

• Wood, plastic, PVC, or metal perches low to the ground

• Loose hay at 4+ weeks

Chick (0-6 Weeks)

• Plastic cups & bowls • Ping pong balls • Reflective chrome balls • Crinkle balls • Plastic springs • Lattice balls • All chick toys • Forage mats • Xylophone • Treat dispenser

• All chick toys • Hanging treat or hay holders • Puzzle boxes • Parrot or ferret/rabbit toys • Swings

• Wood, plastic, PVC, or metal perches • Large plastic huts • Nesting boxes • Ladders • Mesh cots

• Loose hay • Seed blocks • Scratch grains • Sunflower seeds • Fresh produce** • Freeze-dried or fresh mealworms and soldier fly larva**

• All chick toys

• All chick toys • Puzzle boxes • Parrot or ferret/ rabbit toys

• Perches not recommended • Large plastic huts

• Not recommended

• All chick toys

• Small caged bird or rodent toys • Mirrors or blank CDs

• Wood, plastic, PVC, or metal perches low to the ground • Large plastic huts

• Not recommended

• Note: Turkeys are less inclined to play with toys as they age and prefer areas to nest.

Toys still encouraged!

• All chick and chicken toys

• All poult toys • Hanging treat or hay holders • Puzzle boxes • Parrot or ferret/rabbit toys

• Heavy-duty perches made of wood or metal • Sealed trash bins • Large plastic huts • Nesting boxes • Large litter boxes with nesting material

• Loose hay • Seed blocks* • Scratch grains* • Sunflower seeds • Fresh produce** • Freeze-dried or fresh mealworms and soldier fly larva**

Chickens: Juvenile (6-16 Weeks) and Adult (16+ Weeks)

Broiler Chickens: Juvenile (6-16 Weeks) and Adult (16+ Weeks)

Poult (0–8 Weeks)

Turkeys: Juvenile (8-20 Weeks) and Adult (20+ Weeks)

* Supplementation of grit recommended ** If permitted and approved by the institution a controlled setting indoors requires some creativity to ensure their needs are being met, and to keep stress levels as minimal as possible, as stress alone can be a lethal adversary.

Natural behavior expression should always be a core focus for any species when developing an enrichment program.

This allows for an animal’s instincts to flourish and allows as much normalcy as a controlled environment can provide.

Tensions can run high in enclosed spaces, and instances of fighting, pecking, feather-pulling, and cannibalism can occur in flocks of both mixed genders and same-sex birds. To prevent instances of unwanted behaviors, providing enrichment to allow for pecking, nesting, roosting, playing “keep-away”, 26 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

dust-bathing, and scratching keep birds feeling safe and natural, and helps build healthier flock dynamics.

Building an enrichment program for these birds should cater to species and breeds, as well as ensuring enrichment is age appropriate. What may be ideal for standard breeds of chickens may not be ideal for heavier-set birds, including broilers or turkeys, and items intended for adult birds can be dangerous for chicks and poults. A great system for novel toys is a “push-pull” set-up: toys that can be pushed around freely and pick up, and anchored toys that can be tugged and pulled on. Most poultry actively enjoy both types, and offering a variety of shapes, colors, and textures caters to the unique

interests of each bird. Chickens do see in color and like many avian species, are able to see ultraviolet light, which makes objects pop out and look more vivid – so bright colors add to their engagement!3 A variety of small items, such as disposable plastic cups and bowls, ping pong balls, reflective chrome balls, and an assortment of cat toys, such as crinkle balls, plastic springs, or lattice balls are great for small chicks and poults. As the birds age, hanging a variety of caged bird or rodent toys throughout their enclosures adds to continued engagement. Larger toys, such as puzzle boxes, forage mats, xylophones, and treat dispensers can help continue to keep adults engaged. While chickens are intelligent, they do lose interest quickly if they can’t sort out the solution to a puzzle – so don’t make toys too complex!

Unlike other domestic birds, poultry are significantly less destructive towards their toys which allows for much more longevity and less need to replace. Hard, plastic toys are easy to sanitize and can often be reused. Toys with porous or fibrous material, however, should be discarded after each study.

Plastic huts or other types of hide-aways are a great addition to the birds’ environments. Since many species of poultry are primarily ground-dwelling, this helps promote their natural response to take shelter underneath something when

feeling threatened, or help them feel less exposed to predators or the elements. For chicks that are reared without a hen, this also gives them the security of someplace safe to gather under.

Poultry have a unique benefit in that they can have floor space added vertically. Wooden, plastic, or metal bars can be set up, as well as larger items such as benches, trash bins, mesh cots, or ladders. The size and weight of the birds should be taken into consideration to prevent the perches from bowing or breaking.

Food items are always a great option for enrichment and promotes foraging, scratching, and play. However, there are important considerations before introducing any new foods to the birds. Edible enrichment must be approved by the attending veterinarian(s) and research team(s) associated with studies to ensure dietary changes are permitted within the study guidelines and in compliance to the biosecurity of the facility. All edible items should always be given in moderation and in accordance to the age, species, and breed of the birds.

For example, chicks should not be introduced to any new foods until four weeks of age and poults at eight weeks of age due to their sensitive and still-developing digestive systems.

Poults are highly susceptible to death from dietary changes.

Protein and calorie content should be closely monitored for broilers and turkeys, as their rapid weight gain can be affected

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 27

by treats and can become detrimental to the birds’ health.

Some options for edible enrichment include loose timothy hay or cubes, with alfalfa or Bermuda hays as acceptable alternatives. Hay provides an atmosphere for birds to play “keep-away”, where one bird will flee with a strand of grass causing the others to chase it, gradually breaking it down into smaller, more manageable pieces. Scratch grains and forage blocks are great for larger groups of birds, though should only be offered in moderation, and it is recommended to provide extra grit when adding seeds and grains to the birds’ diets.

Insects and fresh produce are not always viable in a research setting and must be approved for use. Produce must be kept in a unique food-only refrigerator and closely moderated for expiration or spoilage. Insects are typically discouraged due to unknown origin and being vectors for pathogens.

It is recommended to keep treats within 5-10% of the birds’ overall diet, should not be used as a replacement for their regular diets, and ample water should be available to them at all times.1 Edible items should be spread around the birds’ enclosures to ensure there is no resource guarding or trampling from overcrowding the area.

Environmental enrichment is also beneficial. Providing different types of nesting material, spreading it throughout their area or leaving it in piles can provide hours of entertainment as the birds sift through it. Birds also enjoy having soft music in the background. Music can help provide a white noise that helps preventing startling them upon entering the room, and can also disguise equipment or machinery noise that could otherwise cause stress or disruptions to their routine.

The best environmental enrichment? Human interaction! Poultry enjoy the relationships with their caretakers, so spending time socializing with them is a great way to build trust and contentment, and they quickly learn to anticipate visits. Both chickens and turkeys can recognize their caretakers – chickens being able to recognize up to 100 unique individuals,4 and turkeys about a third of that. With some time and conditioning, the birds will willingly come to sit in laps and seek attention. Poultry that become comfortable with their caretakers will allow them to be handled without distress, which can greatly aid when exams or study activities need to be performed.

Take Care and Precaution with Planning

Ensure enrichment doesn’t occupy large quantities of floor space or obstruct access to feed, water, heat sources, or entrances to the enclosures. All enrichment should be inspected to ensure birds won’t get their head or appendages caught within, and toys with fine strings, fabric, or feathers should be avoided, as these pieces can be consumed and potentially obstruct their crop or digestive tract. Toys with lights or noise boxes can startle the birds, so use of these toys would not be recommended.

28 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

Conclusion

The benefits of integrating a fulfilling enrichment program for poultry can be seen from hatch-to-hen. Birds that feel safe and engaged within their environment will have lower levels of stress, which can contribute to decline in illness, lower mortality rates in both chicks and adults, reduced instances of pecking or cannibalism, healthier dynamics within the flock, and may have a lower necessity for red light intervention (red light filters that deter birds from hyper-focusing on wounds).

Allie Scamardo, ALAT, IACUC Post-Approval Liaison & Education Coordinator at the University of Nebraska Medical Center REFERENCES 1.

Biggs, P. 2024. What can chickens eat Chicken treats to feed and avoid | Purina Animal Nutrition. https://www. purinamills.com/chicken-feed/education/detail/what-tofeed-chickens-chicken-treats-to-feed-and-avoid 2. Coffey JM. 1934. Vaccine Prepared from Chicken Embryo Cultures for Immunization Against Smallpox. American Journal of Public Health No. 5:473–476. https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1558768/pdf/ amjphnation00915-0049.pdf 3.

Cuthill IC, Partridge JC, Bennett ATD, Church SC, Hart NS, Hunt S. 2000. Ultraviolet Vision in Birds. Advances in the Study of Behavior. 29:159–214.

4.

Nelson R. 2018. How Smart Are Chickens, Untamed Science. https://untamedscience.com/blog/how-smart-arechickens/ 5.

Ravikumar R, Chan J, & Prabakaran M. 2022. Vaccines against Major Poultry Viral Diseases: Strategies to Improve the Breadth and Protective Efficacy. Viruses 14(6): 1195. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061195 6.

Tregaskes CA & Kaufman J. 2021. Chickens as a simple system for scientific discovery: The example of the MHC. Molecular Immunology 135:12–20. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.019 7.

Understanding Animal Research. 2018. The reality of chicken research. https://www.understandinganimalresearch.org. uk/news/the-reality-of-chicken-research

Inspiring a Culture of Care: Highlights from the 32nd Annual NCB-AALAS Educational Symposium

By Sonja Wallace, BA, AAS, RVT, CPIA, RLATG

T

he Northern California Branch of AALAS recently celebrated its 32nd Annual Educational Symposium on September 19th at the South San Francisco Conference Center, and it was a resounding success! This year’s theme, “Inspiring a Culture of Care,” resonated throughout the event, with presentations focusing on enhancing animal welfare and professional development.

Engaging Presentations and Hands-On Learning The symposium featured insightful talks on incorporating behavioral management into animal care programs, best

Figure 2. There was a full house for the NCB membership meeting.

Figure 1. Anna Fiorenza, Program Chair, checking out the vendor exhibits.

Figure 3. NCB Board Members James “Robbie” Champion, Anna Fiorenza, Olayemi “Yemi” Aderinto, Angelica Cabrera, and Victor Gemora taking time out to enjoy some frivolity and pose for a photo shoot!

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 29

Figure 4. NCB Board Members Miki Fontes and Angelica Cabrera capture a selfie during the Awards Ceremony.

Figure 5. Dr. Bob Quinn, AALAS President, presenting the Animal Technician of the Year Award to Carlos Alvardo.

Figure 6. Diane Morlaes, SRI, presenting Lab Animal Supervisor of the Year Award to Cathy Nguyen.

practices in rodent colony management, and refining handling and restraint techniques to ensure a “good life” for laboratory animals. Attendees also benefited from a hands-on dry lab on suturing and wound closure in rodent surgeries, providing practical skills to enhance their daily work.

LAS and encouraging attendees to aspire to leadership roles through hard work and volunteerism. Panel discussions during the mini-leadership workshop on career development offered valuable insights into various career paths within the field.

Motivational Leadership and Career Development

With 354 registrants from 42 institutions and 32 commercial sponsors, the symposium was a bustling hub of activity. The exhibit hall showcased 32 vendor exhibits and 19 posters, with prizes awarded to the top posters. The event also honored outstanding

Dr. Robert Quinn, National AALAS President, delivered an inspiring keynote titled “How to Become AALAS President,” highlighting the leadership opportunities within AA30 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

Celebrating Achievements and Contributions

Figure 7. Deborah Calantropio-Covington, BMS, presenting Research Personnel of the Year to Nikki Bennett.

Figure 8. Dr. Bob Quinn, AALAS President, presenting the triennial NCB Board Recognition Award to Olayemi Aderinto.

contributions with the Annual NCB-AALAS Awards, recognizing individuals for their exceptional work in various categories.

RapID Lab, and Somni Scientific. A new photo booth added a fun element, allowing attendees to create lasting memories with colleagues.

As the NCB Branch continues to strive to be the “Best in the West,” this year’s symposium exemplified the dedication and passion of laboratory animal science professionals in promoting a culture of care and excellence.

Community and Networking The symposium fostered a sense of community and networking, with social events like a buffet luncheon hosted by Gold Sponsor Quip Labs and a beer, wine, and spirits social hosted by Silver Sponsors, Life Science Products, Tecniplast, and VetEquip. Also worth mentioning were the following commercial sponsors at the Bronze level that hosted the continental breakfast and morning/afternoon breaks: Allentown, CRL, IDEXX BioAnalytics, Iseehear Life Science, Newco,

Sonja Wallace, BA, AAS, RVT, CPIA, RLATG is the Associate Director, QA, Animal Welfare, Merck Research Labs in South San Francisco, CA November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 31

It’s essential.

Having served the research community for more than 50 years, we are well known for creating products that meet the unique needs of research animals.

While we consider all our products to be an important part of animal care, some stand out as absolutely essential.

We are proud that our products, both important and essential, are trusted by researchers around the globe!

NUTRITIONAL

ENRICHMENT

MEDICATED

800-996-9908 U.S. & CANADA | 908-284-2155 INTERNATIONAL

www.bio-serv.com ISO 9001:2015 Certified Quality System

SPECIAL NEEDS

Nebraska AALAS Branch Outing to Glacier Creek Preserve

By Allie Scamardo, ALAT

N

ebraska AALAS strives to find unique opportunities to share with our branch members that support research facilities throughout the state, embrace our fellow animal enthusiasts, and bring in a flare of home state pride in uncovering some of its hidden gems. Nebraska is fortunate to have an abundance of parks, preserves, and open wilderness that cater to some of the most beautiful prairie grasslands our country has to offer – grasslands almost as rich in biodiversity as coral reefs. We recently teamed up for an evening out with the University of Nebraska at Omaha’s Tracy Coleman at Glacier Creek Preserve to learn about these unique ecosystems, how they’re sustained, and the wildlife (namely the reptiles) that inhabits them.

The overall objective of the herpetology study at Glacier Creek

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 33

Preserve is to document which amphibian and reptile species are present, where they are present, and in what abundance. Radiotelemetry is a method used to learn more about the seasonal movements and habitat use of Western Fox Snakes throughout the restored prairie, wetlands, woodlands, and agricultural fields.

Metal and plywood artificial cover objects are used for snake mark-recapture studies. The repeat occurrences under the cover boards provide information on abundance, movements, habitat use, growth rate, and longevity.

Allie Scamardo, ALAT, IACUC Post-Approval Liaison at the University of Nebraska Medical Center

34 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

Return of the San Diego AALAS Fall Symposium

By Christina Boykin BS, LATg, Amanda Rumans MS, CMAR, RLATg, RVT, and David Seiber BS, CMAR, RLATg

A

fter a four-year hiatus, the SDAALAS Fall Symposium made a triumphant return on September 13th at the Liberty Station Conference Center. The event saw an impressive turnout with 92 participants and featured a vendor trade show with 19 vendors. Attendees had the opportunity to visit vendor booths during program breaks and lunch.

The keynote speakers, Kylie Thurman, Animal Behaviorist at Neuralink, and Autumn Sorrells, Animal Welfare Scientist and former Director of Research Services at Neu-

ralink, delivered an insightful presentation on “Behavior Analysis in Rhesus Macaque Medical Research Care.”

Other engaging topics presented at the symposium ­included: • Optimizing Water Bottle and Feed Replacement Intervals to Minimize Waste: Insights from a Transgenic Mouse Facility ( J & J) • Environmental Diagnostic Approaches and Implementation Strategies for Rodent Health Monitoring (IDEXX)

Amanda Rumans, SDAALAS President speaking at the symposium

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 35

• Preclinical Research: What to Say, What to Watch and What to Do (California Biomedical Research Association) • A Role of Technology Design in Ensuring Increased Biocontainment (Innovive) • Overview of the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP) and Current Research Highlights (US Navy) Attendees were highly engaged with all the speakers, asking insightful and poignant questions throughout the sessions.

Awards were presented to the following outstanding m ­ embers: • Technician of the Year: Izabelle Bost, Animal Technician III, Scripps Research • Management Staff of the Year: Mike Barajas, Associate Director, Department of Lab Animal Care, La Jolla Institute of Immunology • Ancillary Staff of the Year: Nicola Eaton, Vivarium Administrative Supervisor, La Jolla Institute of Immunology The symposium also included a General Meeting, providing attendees with updates on: • SDAALAS activities and upcoming events • A review of the SDAALAS budget

Technician of the Year: Izabelle Bost

36 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

• An overview of the new SDAALAS website • Announcements of upcoming elections for the Board of Directors and open Committee Chair and Co-Chair positions

Ancillary Staff of the Year: Nicola Eaton with Jennifer Hickerson

Following the symposium, attendees were invited to a social event, where they enjoyed food, drinks, and lively conversation.

Christina Boykin B.S., LATg is a Senior Principal Scientist at Novartis Biomed. Research Amanda Rumans MS, CMAR, RLATg, RVT is Associate ­Director, Global Training at Bristol Myers Squibb David Seiber B.S., CMAR, RLATg is a Senior Manager, ­Technical Operations at Bristol Myers Squibb

Management Staff of the Year: Mike Barajas

Revitalization of the Indiana AALAS Branch

By Arlene Gross, RLATG

T

he Indiana Branch of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science was inactive for several years and is now enjoying an exciting revitalization that includes a new board of directors, and a council filled with individuals from various institutions in the state. This effort began in early 2023 and the branch has grown by leaps and bounds.

Thanks to strong vendor, sponsor, and institutional support the branch has been able to offer multiple fun and educational outings to help with membership engagement. The branch currently has over 300 members.

Our first membership event was held in November of 2023 at Wolf Park in Battle Ground, Indiana. This meeting included an hour-long guided tour of the park along with

Educational sessions at Wolf Park

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 37

two educational speakers and a catered lunch that entertained over 50 attendees from all over the state.

Our second outing was a fun evening out in March 2024 at Metazoa Brewing Company where our attendees could visit with vendor sponsors and spend time with previous lab animal heroes that have been adopted into their forever homes.

In July 2024 we tried our hand at our first community outreach event. We visited a local Boys and Girls Club and worked with children ages 6-12 on two separate occasions. On the first visit we discussed general animal facts about common research animals and handed out materials about animal care, word searches and coloring pages to introduce them to the world of lab animal science. On our second visit

Indiana Branch Members with adopted lab animal heroes

Outreach at the Boys and Girls Club

38 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

2024 Annual Meeting

2024 Annual Meeting Speakers

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 39

we brought college student interns and created interactive stations where they could learn about PPE, dose formulation (by making a superhero medication), dosing routes, animal husbandry, surgery prep, and anatomy.

Our members enjoyed a rainy start to an Indianapolis Indians baseball game in August. We enjoyed a vendor sponsored dinner at the ballpark during a downpour! Even though the weather was not the greatest at the start, it ended up being a beautiful and fun-filled evening.

Our biggest event for 2024 was our first Annual Meeting. The event had a vendor hall with 24 different vendors, and we hosted 95 attendees. The meeting was RACE approved and we had seven wonderful speakers covering all aspects of the LAS industry.

We currently have plans for a virtual speaker event this coming November with other virtual events planned for early 2025.

In an effort for the branch to give back to Mutt Strut 2023 another non-profit we formed a small group to walk in the 2023 Mutt Strut to raise money to help technicians for the important work that they do in the LAS a local animal shelter and are currently working on a industry. We will then turn our efforts towards hosting the collaboration with Peaceable Primate Sanctuary in Winamac, District 5 meeting in 2026!

IN to raise funds to help retired laboratory primates.

The branch is excited to see what 2025 will bring! Our Arlene Gross, RLATG is a Large Animal Behaviorist and first Awards Banquet will be held in February where we are President of the Indiana AALAS Branch looking forward to giving recognition to several wonderful

Calling all GLAS applicants!

T

he GLAS (Grants for Laboratory Animal Science) mission is to enhance scientific knowledge in laboratory animal health and welfare through research and to promote collaborative efforts by the AALAS membership within the broader scientific community. The GLAS program aims to advance responsible laboratory animal care and use to benefit people and animals in such areas as environmental conditions, housing and enrichment, pain and distress, health and welfare, euthanasia, and animal care and use. Since the first grants were awarded in 2007, the GLAS program has awarded 102 grants totaling $1,979,619. As a result of the GLAS program, a total of 446 cited presentations, publications, and posters stemming from GLAS-sponsored projects have been produced and are listed on the AALAS website. Through these outcomes, AALAS has had a visible role in advancing research and knowledge in laboratory animal science.

The GLAS program provides two types of research grants: the standard grant for up to $50,000 for studies with a sound hypothesis and preliminary data; and the small grant for up to $7,500 for innovative or pilot studies. The GLAS program requires that the principal investigator be an AALAS member at any level, but it is not restricted geographically. Application forms and instructions will be available online starting December 1! Applications are due on February 1.

A tutorial on the AALAS website gives guidance on the application process. To access the application form and these informational resources, visit https://aalas.org/main/glas.

If you have a proposal to improve laboratory animal health and welfare in research and need additional funding, consider submitting a GLAS (Grants for Laboratory Animal Science) application! To view informational resources and application forms, please visit https://aalas.org/main/glas. Applications are due on February 1.

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 41

FINE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR RESEARCH

TM

F I N E S C I E N C E . C O M | A M E R I C A@ F I N E S C I E N C E . C O M | + 1 8 0 0 5 2 1 2 1 0 9

AALAS FOUNDATION NEWS News from the AALAS Foundation 2024 Celebrate the Mouse Biomedical Research Video Essay Contest – Open for Entries!

D

“Celebrate the Zebrafish”

id you miss getting a “Celebrate the Zebrafish” lapel pin at the National Meeting in Nashville? No worries – here’s your second opportunity!!

Anyone making a $10 online donation to the AALAS Foundation between now and December 31st, 2024, will receive one “Celebrate the Zebrafish” lapel pin – ($20 = two pins, $30 = 3 pins, etc.) while supplies last.

We sincerely thank the Zebrafish Animal Husbandry Association for sponsoring the 2024 “Celebrate the Zebrafish” public outreach program.

Make your donation at https://aalasfoundation.ejoinme.org/ Celebrate-Zebra-Fish

AALAS Foundation 25th Anniversary – Reminders!

You still have time to help the AALAS Foundation celebrate its 25th anniversary and support its “Speak Up & Reach Out” public outreach initiative.

Everyone who participated in the $25 on the 25th anniversary fundraising campaign will receive a commemorative gift. If you’ve not been participating every month, you may simply scan the QR code below and make your lump sum donation of $300.

You can also support the AALAS Foundation by participating in the AALAS 75th Anniversary campaign – scan the QR code below to make your $75 and receive a commemorative anniversary gift.

The 8th annual “Celebrate the Mouse Biomedical Research” video essay contest for students is now accepting entries.

This contest is open to students in grades 5 through 12 across the United States.

The contest invites students to develop a creative, educational, an informative video essay explaining how they, a family member, friend, or pet, have benefited from medical discoveries made possible thanks to work conducted with mice in biomedical research.

The contest consists of the 5th through th 8 -grade category and the 9th through 12th-grade category.

First place winners in each category win a $500 cash prize for themselves and a $500 cash prize for their school. All 2nd and 3rd place winners also receive cash and trophy prizes. A Fan Favorite winner is also selected from each category.

Visit http://kids4research.org/funstuff/Celebrate-the-Mouse-Video-Essay-Contest for the official rules and information on how to enter.

The deadline for submitting entries into the contest is January 31, 2025.

November 2024 Laboratory Animal Science Professional 43

—Advertising List— COMPANY

WEBSITE

Ancare Corp Bio-Serv Braintree Scientific Inc. Clear H2O Inc E-Z Systems Inc. Fine Science Tools Hilltop Lab Animals Inc Innovive Kent Scientific Corporation PMI LabDiet Virox Technologies VRL Laboratories-USA

www.ancare.com www.bio-serv.com www.braintreesci.com www.clearh2o.com www.ezsystemsinc.com www.finescience.com www.hilltoplabs.com www.innovive.com www.kentscientific.com www.labdiet.com www.peroxigard.com www.vrlsat.com

Advertise in LAS Pro 44 Laboratory Animal Science Professional November 2024

PAGE 20 32 40 8 5 42 7 11 14 inside front cover 1 10

Contact us for more information. Visit us at aalas.org or call Heather Lampi at (901) 754-8620.

5 2

N O

5 2

25 ON 25

5 2

AALAS FOUNDATION CAMPAIGN

Join us in achieving our 25th Anniversary goal by contributing a $25 donation on the 25th of each month. Don't worry - if you miss the 25th, your donation on any other date in the month still counts! Consider the convenience of signing up for automatic monthly donations to effortlessly support our cause. Together, let's make a meaningful impact!

5 2

N O

With your help, we look forward to another successful twenty-five years of advocacy and providing free resources to assist AALAS members with their public outreach activities.

NI

VERSA

R

N

A

1950

Y

th

2025

Find Us Where the Sand Meets the Water!

76TH AALAS NATIONAL MEETING LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA NOVEMBER 9 - 13, 2025 Join us for the 76th AALAS National Meeting in Long Beach, California. Each fall since 1950, the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science has held its annual National Meeting. During the five days of the meeting, members and nonmembers come together to enjoy the workshops, lectures, poster sessions, and exhibits. The program is designed to have topics relevant to the entire membership. Exhibitors have an opportunity to interact with AALAS members from the academic community, research institutions, government organizations, and commercial companies.

The AALAS National Meeting is the largest gathering in the world of professionals concerned with the production, care, and use of laboratory animals.