Thesis report on Science City

THESIS2018 A report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the required for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture

Submitted by ZUBDA SAJDA BARCH/15047/14

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MESRA

SCIENCE CITY A report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the required for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture

Submitted by ZUBDA SAJDA BARCH/15047/14

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MESRA

REPORT COMMITTEE:

…………………….

THESIS GUIDE (AR. PRADEEP KUMAR)

.……………………

THESIS COORDINATOR (AR. PRADEEP KUMAR)

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……………………..

H.O.D (AR. ANAMIKA NANDAN)

DECLARATION

I, ZUBDA SAJDA (Barch/15047/14), student of 9th semester in Bachelor of Architecture, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, hereby declare that the thesis report titles “SCIENCE CITY� submitted to the Department of Architecture Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra during the academic year 2018-19, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Ar. PRADEEP KUMAR, Professor, Department of Architecture, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra.

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture. The results embodied in this thesis report have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree.

Date:

ZUBDA SAJDA

Place:

BARCH/15047/14 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra

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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work presented in the thesis project titled “APJ ABDUL KALAM SCIENCE CITY, PATNA� in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Architecture of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi is an authentic work carried out under my supervision and guidance.

To the best of my knowledge, the content of the report does not form a basis for the award of my previous Degree to anyone else.

(Prof. Pradeep Kumar) Department of Architecture Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

The thesis project as mentioned above is hereby approved as a creditable study of project work and has been presented in a satisfactory manner to warrant its acceptance as prerequisite to the degree for which it has been submitted.

(External Examiner-1)

(External Examiner-2)

Head of Department of Architecture Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi-835215

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my deep sense of thanks and gratitude to all those who have directly or indirectly supported and motivated me in completion of my report.

I would like to thank my thesis guide Ar. PRADEEP KUMAR and HOD Ar. ANAMIKA NANDAN, whose encouragement, supervision and support from the preliminary to the concluding level enabled me to develop an understanding of the project.

A special mention to my parents and all my well-wishers who always supported me at every step. . I would take the opportunity to extend my hearty thanks to my friends who helped and supported me throughout this directly or indirectly.

Zubda Sajda

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ABSTRACT A Science city is a place where mainly two types of crowd comes one is for entertainment and other crowd is mainly of children who came out of curiosity and for fun. The word which best describes a Science City is ‘Edutainment’ which means education and entertainment. The place not only educate but also entertains its visitors.

The work includes synopsis and case studies of different Science City to understand the complexity of the project. It also includes concept and ideas which revolves around the connectivity of ‘time and science’.

The design includes the recreational spaces like science park, open air theatre and main building as per concept

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Table of Contents ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1: THESIS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 8 Synopsis ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.

Problem Statement ................................................................................................................................................. 8

1.2.

Aim ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9

1.3.

Objective ................................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.4.

Scope ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.5.

Limitations ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.6.

Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 11 2.1 About............................................................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Understanding .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3. LIVE CASE STUDY-1: Kolkata Science City (Kolkata, INDIA) ........................................................................ 13 2.3.1. Project Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 13 2.3.2. Selection Criteria: ................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.3. Relevance Of The Case Study In Thesis Project: ................................................................................................ 14 2.3.4. Area Programming: ............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.5. ARCHITECTURAL FORM ............................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.9. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.4. LIVE CASE STUDY-2 : PUSHPA GUJRAL SCIENCE CITY, PUNJAB .......................................................... 28 2.4.1. Project overview.................................................................................................................................................. 28 2.4.2. Selection criteria:................................................................................................................................................. 28 2.4.3. Relevance of the case study in thesis project: ..................................................................................................... 28 2.4.4. Planning and Concept.......................................................................................................................................... 28 2.4.5. Area Statement ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 2.4.6............................................................................................................................................................................... 30 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................................. 35 2.5. LITERATURE STUDY-1 : NEHRU SCIENCE CENTER ................................................................................... 37 2.5.1. Project Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 37 2.5.2. Selection criteria:................................................................................................................................................. 37 2.5.3. Relevance of the case study in thesis project: ..................................................................................................... 37

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2.6. LITERATURE STUDY-2 : GUJARAT SCIENCE CITY, AHMEDABAD ......................................................... 48 2.6.1. Project Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 48 2.6.2. Selection criteria:................................................................................................................................................. 48 2.6.3. Relevance of the case study in thesis project: ..................................................................................................... 48 2.6.5.12.1. Main Attractionsat Life Science Park .......................................................................................................... 54 2.6.8. STRUCTURE .......................................................................................................................................................... 54 2.6.9. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................................... 55 COMPARATIVE CHART .............................................................................................................................................. 55

CHAPTER 3 : SITE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 57 3.1. SITE ......................................................................................................................................................... 57 3.2. Location: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 3.3. Accessibility ................................................................................................................................................................ 57 3.3. Context ........................................................................................................................................................................ 58 4.1. NEED .......................................................................................................................................................................... 62

CHAPTER 5 : DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................. 73 CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 77 CHAPTER 7 : BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ............................................................................ 78

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CHAPTER 1: THESIS INTRODUCTION Synopsis Project topic: APJ Abdul Kalam Science City, Patna Site: Near Moin-Ul-Haq stadium ,Saidpur, Dujra, Rajendra Nagar, Patna, Bihar Area: 82,900sqm Requirement: Indoor and Outdoor learning Area and Recreational Area About the project: The Science city aims to inspire, empower and educate visitors by exploring the ways in which science at work in the world around them.

Map 1:Bihar

Map 2: Science City,Patna Site

1.1. Problem Statement “To design a space which will be educative and entertaining”

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A Science city can be place where two types of people come. One category is the crowd coming for enjoyment and purpose of recreation just like any other museum.

The other type of crowd that comes to the place is mostly the children and school children. It is a place which not only entertains the visitors but also plays a significant role in improving their knowledge.

1.2. Aim To design a space for the public & users considering circulation patterns, open spaces, appropriate lighting & acoustical treatment features to incorporate in the further building design. To understand & design the space which would help the user to get attached with it and get connected to the space.

1.3. Objective a) To promote and enhance public understanding of the culture of science and technology. b) The project will be a source of learning as well as an entertainment zone, encouraging and motivating to learn to the people visiting and will be a source of attraction to someone who is not visiting. c) Design a building for the public considering – Circulation patterns, open spaces, appropriate lighting, acoustical treatment. d) To create a landmark.

1.4.

Scope

a) achieve a edutainment space. b) To design for all needs.

1.5.

Limitations

a) To revolve the study around public building like science museum.

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1.6.

Methodology

First of all project is introduced.

PROJECT INTRODUCTION LITERATURE STUDY

Literature study and case studies help in understanding of the project.

CASE STUDY

SITE ANALYSIS

The selected site is then examined.

CONCEPT EVALUATION

One or more concepts according to the study done is developed.

DESIGN FORMULATION

The design follows

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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT INTRODUCTION 2.1 About A Science city can be place where two types of people come. One category is the crowd coming for enjoyment and purpose of recreation just like any other museum.

The other type of crowd that comes to the place is mostly the children and school children. improving their knowledge. are present are a space theatre, an evolution park and a main exhibition hall to exhibit the elements. A whole building runs to achieve a certain aim that is to educate and entertain the visitors. ted by the NCSM (National Council of Science Museums). Under this council there are 27 museums running successfully in different parts of India and many more under the process of development. plain and present science and technology to the people in a way that it could be easily understood and provide fun. ways in which science at work in the world around them

2.1.1 Understanding Generally we all knew science through reading books and learning in school and colleges but science is not just limited to books ,it impacts our lives on daily basis.

Sciene can be fun and entertaining if the way of potraying is different and entertaining.

A science city is a place where people gets entertained and also gain knowledge, so the key of a science city is ‘edutainment’ means education with entertainment.

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CASE STUDY To understand complexity and real essence of the project, following case studies have been carried out:

1.Kolkata Science City (Kolkata, INDIA)

2. Pushpa Gujral Science City (Punjab, India)

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2.3. LIVE CASE STUDY-1: Kolkata Science City (Kolkata, INDIA) 2.3.1. Project Overview Owner: National Council of Science Museum.

Architect: Late Ar Aftabudddin Ahmed Structural consultants Development Consultants Year of completion:1991 Total land area:49.7 acres or 201136sqm Total built up area: 45000sqm Location: East Topsia, Topsia, Kolkata, West Bengal

MAP 3 : Kolkata science city location

Science City, Kolkata is the largest science centre in the Indian subcontinent under National Council of Museum (NCSM), Ministry of Culture, Government of India, is at the crossing of Eastern Metropolitan bypass and JBS Haldane avenue, Kolkata. It is considered by some people as the most distinguished landmark in post- independence Kolkata. Saroj Ghose, the first director general of NCSM, who is credited with having conceptualized this centre in 1997. This centre was inaugurated by two parts : the ‘convention centre complex’ was unveiled on 21 December 1996 by Paul Jozef Crutzen in presence of the then chief minister Jyoti Basu and the whole centre was opened by the then prime minister Inder Kumar Gujral on 1 July 1997. On 10 January 2010, prime minister of India, Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone for the second phase of

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Science City in presence of the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee.

Figure 1 : science city kolkata

2.3.2. Selection Criteria: The Science city is similar to the thesis project.

2.3.3. Relevance Of The Case Study In Thesis Project: Being similar in the functions of a science city , the case study will help in knowing the functions, special provisions and design requirements.

Figure 2 : science city Kolkata plan

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Figure 3 : zoning

Figure 4 : science city Kolkata guide map



These are maps and pictures which can clearly explain the areas and spaces of the science city.

Figure 5 : science city Kolkata view

2.3.4. Area Programming: Spaces

Built up Area (sq. m.)

Convention Centre

23117

Science Exploration Hall

28500

Space odyssey and dynamotion complex

9200

Souvenior shops

270

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Enquiry

72

Snacks bars

1360

Toilets

760

Toy train station

150

Monorail station

1050

Ropeway station

260

Gate Complex

3340

Sheds

918

Fire water pp.h

180

Water treatment plant

150

Ambulance & fire station

120

Electrical power receiving and distribution

400

Main receiving station and substation

200

Table 1 : Area programming

- 45000sqm -49.7acres -2.475 - 497811.6sqm -60000 recorded in a day

2.3.5. ARCHITECTURAL FORM A variety of shapes is chosen for different blocks gives each block a separate identity but does not complement the site.

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The domical form of the space Odyssey and the descending spiral of the Dynamotion hall resemble a massive ziggurat.

The convention centre is in the form of two split spheroids depicting a titled saucer and a huge truncated spherical cone rising one behind the other.

The science park is square in nature.

Figure 6 : Ziggurat of Ur

Figure 7 : DIFFERENT FORMS

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2.3.6. Planning circulation and function DYNAMOTION HALL: -The word Dynamotion is derived from dynamic motion.

-It is a structure that houses a 28 meter high exhibit called the rolling ball which shows the dynamics of a large number of rolling balls moving in different trajectories proposed by mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic forces to demonstrate various aspects of physics in a fascinating manner.

-It is 38 meter high structure with a spiral shaped ramp around a central atrium.

-The form is a ‘Ziggurat’ 38m high with a spiral shaped ramp around the center.

-The descending spiral of the Dynamotion hall resemble a massive ziggurat.

-It is planned as inward looking building with a closed atrium.

Figure 8 : DYNAMOTION HALL

Figure 9 : DYNAMOTION HALL PLAN

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DYNAMOTION PLAN:  The ground level plan consists of a huge 5 storey descending atrium; containing a huge energy conservation ball display rising up to the full height of the atrium with water exhibits at the base.The continuous display of the energy ball in the center appears to the right of the visitor in whole journey to the podium level of 4.96m.  Fire escape ramp having slope of 1:12 runs parallel to the main ramp and ends with staircase to the podium and then 2 staircases from podium to the ground.  The central atrium houses the exhibit.  The ramp around the atrium allows a continuous view of the Rolling Balls from all directions at all levels.  The atrium and ramp create a transparent interior space which is visually connected at all levels: making the space more active and dynamic.  Right opposite to the entry, two 16 passenger lifts takes you up to the top level of 24.6m high ramp. From here a visitor descends his journey down on a spiral ramp 4.5m wide ramped gallery.  The hall has two symmetrically placed galleries to the longitudinal axis of the building containing insect model displays and water based experiments and exhibits. Opposite corner of the rectangular hall have services rooms such as electrical room and store.  The ramped gallery contains exhibits like illusions, world of insects and fishes on the left hand side of the ramp for convenient watching.  The outer wall of the ramp is used as display area for various displays.  Structure system is bulk active.  The complete structure is supported on two non concentric rows of 16 columns each on a spiral base.  The top of the atrium is together with steel joists and glass on the top for provision of light.  The structure is finished with stone grit all around.  It is a barrier free design, there is provisions for handicapped people.

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CIRCULATION:  The circulation pattern offers a memorable experience inside the minds of general visitors and imparts a clear sequential character of the building.  Unidirectional flow of visitors is maintained from entry to exit.  The exit to the main building is through the staircase which leads the passenger to the ground from the 1st floor.  The ramp is 38 m high spiral shaped and 4.5 m wide.  The spiral ramp provides uninterrupted view of ‘Rolling Balls’ at all levels and sides.  Service entry is common with the visitors entry and in the ramp it continues on the outer ramp.

Figure 10 : DYNAMOTION HALL SECTION

LIGHTING:

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 As the major buildings are exhibition spaces, so lighting needs to be carefully analyzed to meet the requirements of these spaces.  A large expense of natural lighting provided from the central atrium by a steel and glass sky light which gives a glare free and enough lights to lit the whole building. However, deeper areas and galleries especially insects and aquarium are provided with fluorescent tubes and halogen lights wherever required.  Due to the inward looking, demand of enclosed nature and giving the outer façade of the building a window free surface due to extra ordinary forms.  Provided in the central lobby which connects the Dynamotion hall and the space odyssey and hence lights the whole area with blue light.  A skylight is also provided in the main atrium of the Dynamotion hall which avoids the wastage of displaying area and lit the whole building.

Figure 11 : LIGHTING

Artificial Lighting  Done by fluorescent tubes in the halls.

 Further the exhibits are provided with fluorescent tubes and halogen lights.  These methods of lighting not only lit the interiors but also provide a sense of openness within the building.  The skylight in the buffer zone provides ample light to the common entrance of the Odyssey and Dynamotion

Figure 12 : ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

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CONVENTION CENTRE:  The convention centre facilities, comprising Grand Theatre, Mini Auditorium and eight Seminar Halls and open exhibition ground .  The convention facility at Science City is ideally suited to professional gatherings, cultural meets and shows, trade exhibitions, corporate annual meetings etc.  All the venues of the convention centre are in close proximity to each other and are within a minute of walking distance from the parking area with abundant greenery all around to relax after long sessions.

Figure 13 : CONVENTION CENTRE

MAIN AUDITORIUM: The multipurpose auditorium is ideal for conventions, seminars, and annual general meetings, theatrical & musical performances, ballet, opera, symphony etc. It is equipped with variable reverberation time and sophisticated sound reinforcement system; large stage (suitable for 100 performers at a time) with cyclorama, stage craft and modern stage light control and projection facilities and sufficient greenroom spaces etc.

• The Seating capacity is 2232 • Stage size is 27 x 16 m suitable for 100 performers • The capacity of Green room is for 50 men & 50 women.

Figure 14 : MINI AUDITORIUM

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MINI THEATRE • The Seating capacity is 392 stage size is 15m x10m which is suitable for 40 performers.

Figure 14 : MINI THEATRE

Figure 15 : SEMINAR HALL

SEMINAR HALL • The Seminar Hall Complex has eight halls in two floors with spacious lobby, registration counters and pantry.

• There are Four Lecture Halls with a capacity of 96 each and Two Lecture Halls with a capacity of 40 each, and one with capacity for 30.

•

One Conference Room is fully furnished, suitable for conference, meetings etc. for around 20 persons.

•

In addition a couple of smaller rooms are available for creating temporary office space, storage etc for major events, VIP room.

EXHIBITION GROUND • An exhibition ground measuring 26,000 square meters is available adjacent to the main auditorium for creating additional exhibition/conference space, food court, display stalls etc. during major conventions, trade exhibitions, etc.

Adequate parking facility is also available for around 500 cars.

MARINTIME CENTRE:  The centre depicts maritime history, maritime activity and related subjects.  It is a two-storied building having a built up area of around 700 square meters and it shaped like a ship.

 It has been developed by Science City, Kolkata in collaboration with Kolkata Port Trust.



Maritime Centre has on its displays interesting exhibits on maritime activity, replicas, and scaled models of boats, ships and sea going vessels.

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 Depicts maritime history of India, artifacts, dioramas and interactive exhibits on shipping and navigation systems. There is an unmanned quiz corner also.

Figure 16 : MARINTIME CENTRE

SCIENCE PARK: It offers an ideal free choice learning environment.In a tropical country like India, the outdoor is sunny and more inviting than the indoors for most part of the year. In a Science Park, people come closer to plants, animals and other objects in their natural surroundings and also learn about the basic principles of science in an open air learning environment. The park interactive exhibits are engineered so as to tolerate all the weather. Science Park has become the integral part in all the centres of NCSM. It comprises Caterpillar Ride, Gravity Coaster, Musical Fountain, Road Train, Cable Cars, Monorail Cycle, butterfly nursery and several exhibits on physical and life sciences and a maze set up in a lush green ambience.

Figure 17 : OUTDOOR SCIENCE PARK

Figure 18 : MUSICAL FOUNTAIN

Figure 19 : BUTTERFLY GARDEN

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EARTH EXPLORATION HALL: Inaugurated on 6 December 2008 by Ambika Soni, the then Union Minister for Culture, India. A permanent exhibition on earth is housed in a two storied hemispherical building that displays the details of the southern hemisphere in the ground floor and northern hemisphere in the first floor.

Slicing a huge earth globe at the centre of the hall into 12 segments vertically in each hemisphere, important features of each segment such as physical geography, lands and people, flora and fauna and other dynamic natural phenomenon on earth have been highlighted around the central globe with the modern display technologies such as attractive visuals, interactive multimedia, video walls, panoramic videos, tilting tables, computer kiosks and 3-D effects theatre wearing a special Polaroid spectacle.

There is a huge earth globe at the centre of the hall

Figure 20 : EARTH EXPLORATION HALL

Figure 21 : GLOBE IN THE HALL

SPACE ODYSSEY: The Space Theatre has Time Machine, 3D Theatre, variety of exhibits on Space science.The space is mainly dedicated to space science.

Space Theatre is equipped with Helios Star Ball planetarium supported by 150 special effect projectors and Astrovision 10/70 Large format Film Projection system housed in a 23-meter diameter tilted dome having unidirectional seating arrangements for 360 person immersive shows on sciences. Now the Astrovision film Adventures in Wild California of 40 minutes duration has been screening from June, 2013.

Figure 22 : SPACE ODYSSEY

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SCIENCE EXPLORATION HALL: The 5400 square metres new facility, the Science Exploration Hall, has the latest infrastructure and provides an enquiry based learning to the visitors, through edutainment, on Evolution of Life – A Dark Ride, Panorama on Human Evolution, Science and Technology Heritage of India and Emerging Technologies.

This new facility is replete with interactive exhibits which best describe their respective period and is set up in a more or less realistic ambience. The interpretation area will orient visitors to the contents of the expositions prior to their visit to the facilities. In a nutshell, Science Exploration Hall gives an overview from the formation of solar system to the latest in science and technology.

2.3.7. Services HVAC: -Around 900 sq. m of sheet metal ducting has been used for the building.

-The chilled water and condenser pipes exceeds 5km. In length.

Fire Fighting: -Fire detection system has been installed within the buildings with smoke detectors in all the sensitive areas.

-Apart from these detectors and alarming system water sprinkler system is installed at all the stage areas, service areas for which a water tank of 2,00,000 gallon is built near mini auditorium.

Electricity:

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-Requirement for the whole project is 4.5 mva (Mega Volt Amp)and the power is received from Kolkata electric supply ltd. at 11kv voltage level.For emergency, diesel generators are used and solar energy is used for water heating and all the lighting.

-One normal stair case, one fire escape, one through ramp in the building block provides clear vertical movement. The ducts and shafts are placed on the inner side of the blocks.

2.3.8. STRUCTURE In structure truss system is used. Stone and glass are also used for exterior. RCC shell structure is also used.

2.3.9. CONCLUSION  The structure is quite comfortable as it is air conditioned, the displays are accessible and easy to understand.  The overall planning of the place is good with comfortable walking conditions.  The rope way is one way, we can’t return from it. It should be two way.  The science city lake is untidy.  The maritime centre is very distant from the internal routes, so it attracts very less visitors.

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2.4. LIVE CASE STUDY-2 : PUSHPA GUJRAL SCIENCE CITY, PUNJAB 2.4.1. Project overview Architect : Development and Consultants Total Built-Up Area : 72 Acres Budget : Rs.100 crores Location : PGSC is 15 km away from Jalandhar and 5 km from Kapurthla.

MAP 4 : LOCATION MAP OF PGSC

2.4.2. Selection criteria: The science city is similar to the thesis project.

2.4.3. Relevance of the case study in thesis project: Being similar in the functions of a science city, the case study will help in knowing the functions, special provisions and design requirements.

2.4.4. Planning and Concept The whole scheme is so generated so as to get an overall flow in the site by careful placement of blocks within the site. The city is composed of a huge gate complex, science voyage hall, exhibition halls, convention center and a huge artificial water body. The whole complex is articulated with the help of two vast piazzas .

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2.4.5. Area Statement Spaces

Built up Area (sq. m.)

Science voyage building

6900 sq.m.

Utility building

1259 sq.m.

Gate complex

3551 sq.m.

Yard toilet

255 sq.m.

Driver rest house 2x62

124 sq.m.

Office building

257 sq.m.

Dormitories

149 sq.m.

Substation

325 sq.m.

Restaurant

171 sq.m.

Battery Charging Station

111 sq.m.

Solar power station

135 sq.m.

Bio energy center

77 sq.m.

Hyde power center

120 sq.m.

Pump House

68 sq.m.

Souvenir shops

210 sq.m.

Area of central plaza

16000 sq.m.

Area of entrance plaza

8000 sq.m.

Car and bus parking

13190 sq.m

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1 .Electric load =

1300 kva

2.Generator

=

505 kva

3. A.C.

=

300 ton

Figure 23 : AREA DISTRIBUTION

Figure 24 : SITE PLAN OF PGSC NORTH

2.4.6. Architectural Form And Character a) The whole complex is imparted with a unique form. The curvilinear gate complex, the rectilinear science voyage hall and exhibition and convention hall.

Almost curvilinear form is used in the major built area except the science voyage hall which is made as partly intersected rectilinear blocks and a space at the end. b) The curvilinear form are complementing to the entrance and the sequential link required for such a huge site. c) Building express quite interesting character with the non – vertical nature.The façade walls are inclines with semi circular openings in case of science voyage

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hail and the curvilinear shells with ascending or descending base and cantilevering their small base again with curved shells. d) The science voyage hail is made out of inclined surfaces, cleverly cut with spherical bays for the ventilators above and a modem cloistered gallery running at the periphery of the structure. e) The gate complex is a beautiful balanced structure spanned by a space frame in the center.

2.4.7. Entrance & Exit a) There is one main entrance and exit , one service entry to the site. b) The visitor is allowed to enter through the main double road drive from the state highway and lands at a vast open piazza in front of the gate complex. c) The main gate complex being in the center does not serve as an inviting Figure 25 : ENTRY GATE OF PGSC ground to the normal passerby on the highway. d) The service entry if from the side road and is hidden.

2.4.8. Accessibility a) The main access to the complex is through a double road, 7.5 mt. each, leading to the entrance plaza having a water jet fountain and a star shapes flooring pattern as a predominating feature. b) The plaza serves as a great entry but loses its sense of enclosure due to non availability of building mass an another side. c) 15mt. Wide internal roads runs along the periphery of the site.

2.4.8.1. Internal Access a) Access within the site is totally pedestrian starting from the internal plaza with 12 spoke shaped rays ending at a particular building with the continuous pedestrian spine running in front of the building series. b) The great internal plaza serves its purpose of enclosure, movement and access but the vast un shaded hard surface generated is really uncomfortable and radiates heat in sunny days making it unbearable. c) To make the journey and the circulation more interesting there has been a ropeway proposed inside the whole site with three main nodal points from where it will star

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2.4.9. Science Voyage Hall a) After entering the hall, one lands himself in a double height hall with a spherical space theatre on the right side and rectangular hall, 3-d theatre and the health gallery on the left side and also the laser showroom. b) The toilets, both gents and ladies, are located right next to the entrance area on the right hand side, followed by the office , stair hall and service rooms. c) Comprises of the dome theatre, 3-d theatre, laser showroom, flight stimulator, science gallery etc. d) Right opposite to the is the office area, where the director of science sits, and the VIP area. e) Outside the office area is the waiting area and staircase block. f) The emergency exit routes are being used as the normal staircase for general circulation. g) There are around (80) exhibits at present which are on exhibition in the science voyage hall which are placed haphazardly in center Figure 26 : SCIENCE VOYAGE HALL PLAN and sides of the hall. h) The planning of the science voyage hall was actually simple with spaces for the staff, toilets, staircase with emergency exits etc. along the two longer sides at the dome, health gallery, laser show room along the shorter sides and the central space is used for different science exhibits.

2.4.10. Digital Planetarium The most amazing experience in any planetarium is to see the night skies, and to get a guided tour through the planets, constellations, and their enhancing dance through the seasons, PGSC planetarium offers this experience each and every time with astronomy, especially the kind you enjoy in your own backyard.PGSC has a multichannel digital planetarium system (Digistar 3) for projection of 3-D color night sky created by real time graphics generator and full dome video playback system in the 23 meter dia. dome theatre. In this theatre all the sights and sound are created digitally.

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2.4.11. LASER SHOW The science city had laser show room for entertainment purpose.The laser show room had a capacity of sitting for about 30 people at a time.The wall in front of the seating area had a whole of about 50cm dia.The beams actually throw dots in the nylon cloth but as a human eyes can capture only about 16 frames at a time they seem to see the whole figure made by the dots.The laser show room had the control room behind the wall with the circular cut for throwing laser beams.

2.4.12. Space Simulator 30 seat flight simulator provides visitors a sense of adventure through virtual expeditions to unknown and undiscovered places.It is a theatre style ride simulator where you will sit on a chair in the capsule and watch the computer generated film on the screen as wide as capsule for a dynamic fast moving total involvement and immersing experience.The visitors would have a fantastic real life experience as if zooming through the stars in an alien universe , making death defying leaps across chasms or burning the formulae one track in your racing car or moving upside down as in a roller coaster.

2.4.13. Structure a) The external inclined walls are R.C.C Structural walls and engulf the building on all sides which is again texture painted in off white. The internal roof is done again in steel pipe space frame but with pin and ball joint on R.C.C columns. b) The large span of the ticket counters in spanned with a huge pipe space frames of 3-O depth covered with steel shingles on the top thereby making a scientific statement, And provide a 3D form in the ceiling which otherwise would have emerged as a flat unimpressive roof. c) The R.C.C shell structure is used to make the curved faรงade features.

Cantilevered overhangs are anchored to the columns at the back and heavy foundation at the base to give a perfect support. d) The outer dome of the dome theatre in the science voyage hall is constructed out of steel plates supported on a skeleton of R.C.C frame and inner dome is made out of steel pipe structure covered in aluminum perforated painted sheets. e) The outer surface of the dome is clad with mosaic tiles.

33

Figure 27 : STRUCTURE

2.4.14. Lighting The light into the interiors of the science voyage hall is achieved with the help of window and set of ventilators where required. General lighting is done with the help of mercury lamps hanging from the space frame above.

Figure 28 : LIGHTING

2.4.15. Services a) Gate complex and science voyage hall have different electrical backups. b) Four tube wells are provided to fulfill the water supply with a large storage tank. c) Have its own individual sewerage treatment plant. d) For fire safety a cooling system of two water tanks are provided having direct access to all buildings through pipes. e) Fire extinguishers and water sprinklers are installed within all building complex. f) Utility building have A/C plant and water tanks for cooling system.

2.4.16. Conclusion 34

a) b) c) d) e) f)

Complex is unified with the half of two paved piazzas Ambience of the area is beautiful and relaxed Presence of hard areas is not justified Non functional gate complex over power simple blocks with in.

Wastage of space within the administrative block and cloak room.

Entertainment zone for public.

35

LITERATURE STUDY 1. NEHRU SCIENCE CENTER, MUMBAI

2. GUJARAT SCIENCE CITY, AHMEDABAD

36

2.5. LITERATURE STUDY-1 : NEHRU SCIENCE CENTER 2.5.1. Project Overview Owner: National Council of Science Museum Architect: Achyut Kanvinde Structural consultants: Engineering consultant, New Delhi Contractors: Raunaq International ,New Delhi Electrical consultants: Krishen Associates ,New Delhi Air conditioning consultant: NP Gupta, New Delhi Year of commencement: 1979 Year of completion: 1982 Location: Dr E Moses Rd, Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra

MAP 5 : LOCATION MAP OF NEHRU SCIENCE CENTER

2.5.2. Selection criteria: The science center is similar to the thesis project with.

2.5.3. Relevance of the case study in thesis project: Being similar in the functions of a science city, the case study will help in knowing the functions, special provisions and design requirements

2.5.4. About NSC: Nehru Science Centre first conceived as science and tech museum in 60’s was shaped into then India’s largest science centre in 1977.

37

It is the largest Science Centre in the country, spread over 14 acres with a sprawling 8acres of science park and 15000sqm of built up space. It is the zonal headquarters of five Science Centres in Nagpur, Calicut, Bhopal, Dharmapur and Goa. It is visited by about 6,00,000 people every year who experience and enjoy the basic principles of Science and Technology. Its natural and free environment provides a perfect picnic destination to the students to learn, familiarize and to have a glimpse of innovations in science education.

2.5.5. Concept: The site is naturally sloping in different directions. The architect deliberately wanted to maintain and accentuate to this natural topography of the site, in the form of splitlevels of modular units. The vast expanse of the metal finish with grooves gives a more definite and dramatic character to the exterior. Also the use of ventilation shafts has been commendably used to enhance the character of the building.

2.5.6. Design: a) The design has all the attributes of modernism, appropriate to the technological character of the building. Befitting a science museum the design is more functional than cultural- an unpredictable and changing mix of architectural forms and facades presenting and utterly unexpected form for museum building. b) Modular Design- Its design is basically modular but the reception of module is not predictable. c) The form further develops into a multi directional module with central service cores structural shafts. The entire requirements are resolved in four major modular units. d) The circulation broadly falls under two basic needs- the movement of people and of the exhibits.

e) The entire complex has been built out with structure for functions like the reception centre, the workshops, the museum and science park. The main access road to the site bifurcates near this road. One of the bifurcations leads to the museum building by passing the science park and acting also as a service road as it links the entrances to the temporary exhibition halls and depositories to the main access road.

38

Figure 29 : DESGN

2.5.7. Zoning:

Figure 30 : ZONING

39

i. ii. iii.

The Science Centre building has four blocks, Block A, Block B, Block C and Block D. Block A and Block B, Block C and Block D are identical in shape and size with different functions.

The shape of the building facilitates the placement of exhibits.

2.5.8. ANALYSIS OF SPACES: 2.5.8.1. Science Park The children’s science park, the first ever in the country, was a gift to the children of Mumbai from NCSM in 1979, the international year for children. It is a science centre without walls. Large and sturdy exhibits covering various fields of science and technology are interspersed with colourful landscape to present a unique playground where education through fun is followed.

The science park is spread over an area of 4 hectares of land. It has various transportation relics and scientific exhibits. The park is designed thoughtfully with natural and artificial shades and resting places. Even though the total distance from the main gate to the museum building is about 350m, the walk is not found long and tiring because of the pathway leading through a beautifully laid out science park. The park houses a sundial and a sand hour glass which are the time markers, while the birds, animals, fish, water, plants, flowers, green lawn and trees represent nature. A series of inclined planes, pulleys and gears for easing man’s efforts in doing work, turn tables to watch action and reaction, underground speaking tubes for sound transmission, water wheels, Archimedes screw, a combination of colour filters revealing a colourful landscape and many more make science more meaningful to the human mind. The objects of historical importance such as horse drawn tramcar, electric tramcar, locomotives etc. and beautifully shaped water bodies, animal cages and aviaries contribute to make the science park different then the amusement park.

2.5.8.2Reception Counter It is a small attractive structure placed near the parking lot, which was initially designed to receive and guide visitors to the museum. But later it was converted into an administrative area. Similar to the museum the plan is evolved from a ‘Greek cross’.

The central part of the structure for the sunlight and the raised part is coupled with 4 sloping roofs for the 4 arms of the cross. The reception centre consists of area such as 4 cabins for the directors of NSC, NCSM, technical officer and administrative officer, meeting rooms and the general office.

40

2.5.8.3. Workshops These are located near the entrance presently in temporary structures. There are 3 main sections – fabrication, assembly and arts. i.

ii.

Fabrication and Assembly Workshop – these functions are done in a small hall. It consists of various light machines like lathe machine, bund saw, sheet metal binder, bench drill etc. All the exhibits are fabricated in this section and then sent for assembling where the fitters and turners put together the fabricated material and send for painting.

Arts Workshop – this section consists of artist’s studios and cabins for staff and general area for designers and artists.

2.5.8.4. Science Museum It is situated on the western side of the plot and composed of blocks A, B, C and D. the sloping nature of the site has considerably influenced the design of the blocks (providing split levels in the exhibition halls).

The number of window openings has to be reduced to have maximum wall surface for the exhibits. Hence artificial ventilation becomes important. Wide shafts had to be used for this purpose forming an integral part of the design.

2.5.9. Structural System i. ii.

iii.

iv.

As the site is reclaimed, since it was a marshy land, pile foundation had to be used.

The structural system is conceived with structural supports placed at 12.0m c/c.

These supports are made up of hollow 2.3mX2.15m L.C. concrete tube which functions both as structural components and conceal the air distribution system and the services.

Large unobstructed spans were essential for the exhibition halls of the science centre. Therefore ribbed or Figure 31 : STRUCTURE waffle slab is used. The floor slab consists of 0.9mX0.9m fabricated or pre-cast R.C.C. waffle units.

2.5.10. Materials The exterior surface of the structure, for low maintenance cost, is finished with local grey stone, grit plaster with grey cement (1:1) panels created by making grooves on the

41

grit plaster at certain intervals. The finish, although good in appearance has certain disadvantages, such as – 1) The grooves left between the panels are not watertight and are a cause of heavy leakage during the monsoon.

2) Rich mixture of cement has been used to cast large panels which have cracked due to expansion and contraction. Even these cracks are the cause of monsoon leakage 3) The grit plaster used does not hold on R.C.C. surface therefore patches of shotcrete fallen from a few places spoiling the elevation.

2.5.11. External Form The building looks interesting when viewed from all the angles. It creates a sense of curiosity and mystery in the minds of the visitors.

The science museum with its immense proportions and massing does not overpower the visitor’s senses.

The shot-crete used gives a rugged and stark look to the structure; vertical and horizontal grooves are introduced.

The building has few windows minimising the elevational features and shafts have been skilfully used to add interest to the elevation and have served in animating the skyline.

Figure 32 : EXTERNAL FORM

2.5.12. The Structure The main access to the structure is through a flight of shallow steps with an ascending stepped bridge which opens into a spacious podium on the first floor level of block B, instead of the conventional pattern of entering the structure at ground level.

2.5.12.1. Block A This block houses the administrative and technical staff and the permanent office. Block A is connected to the first floor and ground floor level to block B. 2.5.12.2. Block B 42

Figure 33 : SECTION

i.

ii. iii.

iv. v.

vi.

vii.

The main entrance of the museum is a three-storey structure consisting of two hexagons connected by a rectangular staircase block. Each hexagon forms a display area of 500 sq. m.

The first floor of this block houses the central hall and the hall of science.

As one enters the entrance hall from the open air podium one sees a massive exhibit based on the principles of conservation of energy. Behind this exhibit is the main staircase leading to the other exhibition halls.

On the right hand side of the entrance is the reception along with the souvenir shop and the waiting area.

On the split level 1.3m higher than the entrance hall is the ‘Fun Science’ gallery housing interesting exhibits. Halls on the second floor are devoted to ‘Light and Sight’ and ‘Sound and Hearing’ exhibits.

The third floor comprises of the ‘Discovery Hall’ and the computer section. The Discovery hall is connected by a passage to ‘The Hall of Nature’ in block C. these passages connecting different blocks are in the form of fully glazed corridors.

On the ground floor of block B is the cafeteria and temporary exhibition gallery.

The basement houses services such as the depository, kitchen and storage for the science museum.

2.5.12.3. Block C It is similar to block B and comprises of various display areas such as ‘Hall of Industries’ and the ‘C.V. Raman’ hall on the ground floor. ‘Evolution’ and ‘Heritage’ on the first floor, ‘Heritage’ and Activities Hall on the second floor and the hall of Nature on the third floor.

2.5.12.4. Block D It houses the auditorium, library and conference hall. It has an independent access, which leads to a common entrance for both the library and the auditorium. The entrance doors are very narrow and at 45 degree angle causing great inconvenience to the visitors.

2.5.13. Circulation i. ii.

The circulation pattern broadly falls under two basic needs – the movement of people and that of the exhibits.

Visitors enter the main hall on the first floor level of the B block through a flight of steps leading from the landscaped forecourt. From the main hall they are gradually routed through the exhibition area.

43

iii.

The circulation route directs the public to the second floor from where they ascend viewing the exhibits. Through the central staircase in block B one ascends to the Discovery Hall. From here one moves on to block C reaching the Hall of Nature.

iv.

The visitor then starts to descend in this block, passing through the Hall of Industries and Heritage Hall to reach the ground floor level to the temporary exhibition halls. After exploring them, the visitor comes to the cafĂŠ lobby. One climbs up to the entrance hall to exit from the stepped bridge.

v.

Material circulation is a very important aspect of museum design, which is organised by bringing the material to be stored to the depository in the basement by a vehicular ramp. The materials used in fabrication are sent to the workshop.

Material movement in the exhibition area is through a large freight lift in the central zone. Supplies to the kitchen are also routed through the basement receiving space.

vi.

2.5.14. Interiors i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

The number of exhibition halls, at various levels, is connected by staircase blocks with illuminated by skylights and other fully glazed passageways. But each exhibition hall with its massive area of 500 sq. m. coupled with a height of 4.0m projects an overwhelming effect on the young visitor.

The use of minimum number of windows has given way to large display areas on the walls. This effect of a large volume is brought down by hanging colourful banners from the ceiling, though at some places it has been controlled and regulated by stepping the roof slabs.

The split-levels used to maintain the natural topography of the site has helped in achieving an effect of spatial organisation and physical as well as visual division of large spaces.

The colour schemes of the exhibition hall interiors consists of bright primary colours used particularly to attract children and initiate them to the use of exhibits.

The colour of the ceiling is darkened so that no attention is drawn towards it.

2.5.15. Services a) One of the most outstanding features of the Nehru Science Centre is the efficiency with which their services have been carried out. b) The toilet block is placed on the rear side in such a way that all the pipes are concealed within the shaft. c) The water tank has been suitably hidden between the tops of the ventilation shafts.

44

d) The restrictions on the number of windows in the exhibition halls has affected cross-ventilation. Thus forced ventilation became necessary and it was preferred because the other alternative of air-conditioning the building was very expensive. e) The ventilation system is purely mechanical. The centrifugal fans blow the air in through the vent shafts and the tube-axial fans provided at the exhaust. f) Two blowers have been fitted at the terrace level. These blowers are actually backward curved centrifugal fans with double width and double inlet. These blowers suck the surrounding air through the R.C.C. louvers and force it down the galvanised iron duct in to the ventilation shafts. g) The shaft is a hollow tube measuring 2.3mX2.15m. The forced air is thrown in to each display area through an inlet at the roof level. The polluted air is thrown out from the exhibition areas through an outlet at the floor level by means of tube axial fans mounted on top of each shaft.

The ventilation system has the following disadvantages – i. ii.

iii. iv.

The amount of air changes facilitated by the system does not achieve comfort levels.

When forced air reaches the louver level the force exerted by the blowers on the air is considerably reduced. Thus one does not feel the fast air movement, which is necessary in a humid place like Bombay.

The air inlets and outlets are placed just ten feet away from each other.

Loud noise and vibrations are caused by the blowers inspite of the use of glass fibre lining on the ducts.

2.5.16.Area Statement Spaces Administrative block

Area (sq. m.)

Entrance hall

30

General staff

110

Meeting room

25

Technical officer

12

Director's office

35

Administrative office

30

45

Temporary workshop

Residential accomodation

Toilets

20

Store

20

Fabrication room

240

Assembly hall

270

Cabins (4 nos.)

40 each

Staff (6 nos.)

50 each

Visitors (10 nos.)

12.5 each

Ladies' dormitory

70

Gents' dormitory

100

Security booth (3 nos.)

Science museum

10 each

Snack counter (35 people)

100

Visitors' toilets

150

Entrance podium

40

Entrance lobby

350

Ticket booth Science hall

Display halls

15

Science for children

500

Evolution

500

Vintage car

500

Light and Sight

300

Sound and Hearing

500

Hall of Industries

500

Raman's achievements

300

46

Auditorium

Our Heritage I and II

300

Hall of Activities I (Discovery)

300

Hall of Activities II (Nature)

300

Entrance hall

125

Sitting for 250

300

Projection room

12

Stage and store

65

Library

270

Conference room

30

Cafeteria

150

Kitchenette and pantry



Total built-up area = 6291 sq. m.



Total plot area = 32,376 sq. m.



Therefore ratio = 1:5

50

47

2.6. LITERATURE STUDY-2 : GUJARAT SCIENCE CITY, AHMEDABAD 2.6.1. Project Overview Owner: Gujarat Council of Science City Location: Hebatpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat Area: 247acres

MAP 6 : LOCATION MAP OF GUJARAT SCIENCE CITY

2.6.2. Selection criteria: The science city is similar to the thesis project.

2.6.3. Relevance of the case study in thesis project: Being similar in the functions of a science city, the case study will help in knowing the functions, special provisions and design requirements.

2.6.4.About GSC, Ahmedabad i.

Gujarat, on the western coast of India, is one of the most prosperous and progressive Indian states. It came into existence in 1960 when it was separated from the State of Bombay.

ii.

The science city is located in Hebatpur and featuring an IMAX 3D theatre, energy park, life science park and musical fountain, the Gujarat Science City is a great place for for students.

iii.

The Gujarat Science City is an initiative by the government to push children towards scientific studies.

iv.

It is visited by 3,000 (average) visitors per day.

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Figure 34 : SITE PLAN OF GSC

2.6.5.Analysis Of Spaces 2.6.5.1. Imax Theatre i. The project for the IMAX Theatre at Science City, Sola Road, Ahmedabad, was commissioned to the firm by the "Gujarat Council of Science City." ii.

The major components of the program are a theatre with 651 seats for 2D films and 556 seats for 3D films. In addition to the IMAX Figure 35 : IMAX THEATRE theatre, there is a 50 cover speciality restaurant, a 100 cover multi-cuisine cafeteria, Cyber cafĂŠ, Exhibition and 3d virtual reality video games area. During normal functioning, a total of a 1000 persons will be present inside various parts of the complex and another 300 to 500 persons outside on the plaza.

iii.

The building is conceived to engage our sensibilities in such a manner that our understanding of Nature and its relationship to Man, Science and Technology is enhanced.

iv.

The Theme of Knowledge through Illusion & Reality as experienced through IMAX technology is used to give direction to the architectural experience. The Complex is designed so that the visitor`s experience oscillates between Natural and Manmade, Virtuality and Reality while moving through the site.

49

v.

The lotus forms the focus of creation in Indian mythology. Hence, aptly the lotus plaza is the fulcrum around which the sequence of entering and exiting the complex revolves. This circuit is traversed through descending into the depths of the earth into an exhibition of nature and technology called the "Spiral of Knowledge". The route through the "Spiral of Knowledge" culminates in the Entrance Foyer.

vi.

An 8m wide and 6m high series of mirrors forms a Periscope- the focus of the Entrance Foyer. This Periscope not only demonstrates the fundamental principle of Optics, but also forms a social space where people gather to watch others descend into the tunnel from the plaza above. The periscope floods the Foyer with natural light reducing daylighting loads in this subterranean chamber thus saving energy.

From this foyer, one enters the IMAX theatre where technology enables us to experience nature at Figure 36 : IMAX THEATRE PLAN a supra scale, albeit `virtually`. The route ends back at the Lotus plaza and brings viewers back in physical contact with the natural world.

vii. viii. ix.

The themes of point-counter point, gateway and event in architecture are explored by setting the theatre block and restaurant block at two ends of the Lotus plaza. The five elements: the five lotus ponds distributed over the surface of the plaza represent Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Ether.

A variety of lotus and water lilies in five colours grow in these ponds along with fish, algae and other organisms to complete a fully sustainable micro world representing our bio diversity and ecological sustainability.

2.6.5.2. Hall Of Space i.

The Hall of Space in the Gujarat Science City has been designed as a high- tech exhibition involving latest techniques with an area of 20,000 sq ft.

Figure 37 : HALL OF SPACE

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ii.

Interactive and educative exhibits of Hall of Space expose the visitor to the technologies of communication through sound / signals / codes and satellite.

iii.

The pavilion gives the visitor an insight into the working of satellites, mobile telephone, Internet and the application and usage of these technologies in real life.

iv.

The exhibits include simulated journey through the space, animatronics with sound - synchronized pneumatic robots, computer-controlled multi-screen panoramic projection, precision interactive exhibits on experiments planned by NASA, touch-screen computer multimedia programs.

2.6.5.3. Thrill Rider It is created to give people a joyride and an experience similar to that of sitting in a rocket remains unused most of the time.

Ride simulations provides the experience of riding a roller coaster, flying in an aerobatic aircraft, a journey into space and many more.

Figure 38 : THRILL RIDER

2.6.5.4. Planet Earth Pavilion i.

It awares, educate and train the people about various types of natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides etc and highlight the exquisite beauty and abundant truths of our planet earth.

ii.

It highlights the need for disaster management and preparedness for the natural disasters and to update the people on the technology used for detecting and studying earthquakes, cyclones, landslides and the related research activities.

iii.

The Pavilion is being constructed over an area of 9000 sq.m hexagonal grid pattern with a unique dome structure having 50-meter diameter, one of the largest domes in India.

Figure 39 : PLANET EARTH PAVILION DOME

iv.The main section of the Planet Earth pavilion includes (i)Underground Coal Mine (ii) Disaster of Bhuj Earth Quake (iii)Dynamotion (iv) Natural Disaster (V) Disaster Management (vi) Dynamic Earth (vii) Children Activity Corner (viii) Life in Water (ix) Evolution of Life (x) Bio Diversity of Gujarat (xi) Human Anatomy (xii) Agriculture (xiii) Energy Reserve (xiv) Rocks and Minerals ( xv) Planetarium

51

v.

which individually, designed to have sufficient number of exhibits to justify its importance and its relevance for public understanding and interaction.

Total number of exhibits inside the Planet Earth Pavilion is 657 nos.

2.6.5.5. Underground Coal Mine It is an Underground Coal Mine where visitors can experience a virtual tour about 5000 feet below ground level to reach mine. After that they will pass inside the mine where they can see the different types of coal cutting process, coal transportation, and various equipment and safety precautions inside the mines. It has capacity of 100 persons.

2.6.5.6. 4D Theatre on Natural Disasters It is a multi-dimensional Theatre where visitors can feel the smell of flowers, movement of Earth Quake, water spray to simulate heavy rain fall, snow fall, desert storm, fire, and hot air blow during desert storms with the visual 3D film. It has capacity of 48 persons.

2.6.5.7. Earth Quake Experience Ride Inside the Dynamic Earth Section there is a provision of Earthquake Demonstration corner -- An earthquake platform on a hydraulic simulator, suitable for 15-20 visitors, giving a life-like experience of random tremors of earthquakes. A video projection will indicate the intensity in Richter scale, the location of the epicenter, secondary tremors and destruction caused by the earthquake.

2.6.5.8. Inflatable Planetarium It is a 20 minute video which shows the mysteries of the universe.

2.6.5.9. MUSICAL DANCING FOUNTAIN It is one of the largest musical fountain of India.

Spread over an area of 9000 sq.m in hexagonal grid pattern, the Musical Fountain at science city is claimed to be the Asia’s largest one.

The pool of the fountain is rectangular shaped and covers an area of 1300 square meters.

2.6.5.10. AMPHITHEATRE (OPEN AIR THEATRE) Beautiful science inspires artists, is a description by Ivan Noble. With this concept Science City constructed a 1500 seat Amphitheatre for organizing programs like science drama, miracles and magic

52

Figure 40:MUSICAL FOUNTAIN

Figure 41 : AMPITHEATRE

shows and other entertainment programmes.

With little imagination, students and community members can create an environment where the facts and figures of science combine with the excitement, emotion and energy of the theatre.

2.6.5.11. Energy Park i.

Energy Education Park (SEEP), spreading over a hexagonal grid pattern area measuring 9000 sq.m is being developed at the Gujarat Science City. Gujarat Science City has received a financial assistance from the Ministry of Nonconventional Energy Sources (MNES) and the work has been executed in association with Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA).

ii.

The Energy Park exhibits are classified according to five basic elements (Panchbhuta) as propounded in ancient Indian Philosophy. These elements are (i) Tej (Energy from the Sun), (ii) Marut (Energy from the Wind), (iii) Ap (Energy from the Water), (iv) Kshiti (Energy from the Earth) and (v) Byom (Exploration of space).

iii.

The civil and land scaping work is almost in completion stage. Exhibits on wind energy, solar energy, petroleum rigs, Sardar Sarovar Dam etc. have been installed and some are in progress.

Energy Plantation work has just started Figure 42 : ENERGY PARK over an area of 2 hectare land.

Two number of Battery Operated Passenger Vehicle has been ordered from BHEL, one delivered and other one in pipeline.

iv. v.

2.6.5.12. Life Science Park The Life Science Park at Gujarat Science City has been developed over an area of 9000 sq. meter, aims to bring science and nature to life.

The main objective of this interactive and outdoor park is to enthuse children in the study of nature and in evolution, propagation and sustenance of life on this planet.

53

Figure 42 :LIFE SCIENCE PARK

Through various activities in the Life Science Park, children will develop a sense of care and love towards plants and animals around them.

2.6.5.12.1. Main Attractionsat Life Science Park -Cretaceous Park, -Aviary Corner & Non flying Bird Corner, -Cactus Corner & Succulent Corner, -Ornamental, Economical, Aromatic & Medicinal Plant Beds, -Tissue culture Lab, -Butterfly Park and -River System 2.6.7. Area Statement Spaces

Built up Area (sq. m.)

Hall of Space

1858.0608

Expo Ground

6364.28

Life Science Park

9000

Energy Park

9000

Musical Fountain

1300

Planet Earth Pavilion

9000

Ampitheatre

9507.14

2.6.8. STRUCTURE

54

a) The site plan has honeycomb like structure , hexagons are combined together. b) Shell structure is used. c) Colunms are used for aesthetical purpose in electrodrome area. d) RCC and truss structure is used.

2.6.9. CONCLUSION a) The ambience of the science city is good and relaxing. b) Circulation is easy. c) There is cleanliness issues in the spaces like spit in the corners. d) In some spaces machines are not working properly. e) The attractions in science city is great, but it needs maintenance not only by the authority but also by the visitors.

2.7.COMPARATIVE STUDY PARAMETER SCIENCE S CITY, KOLKAT A

AREA

PUSHPA GUJRAL SCIENCE CITY, KAPURTHAL A

NEHRU SCIENC E CENTRE , MUMBA I

49.7 ACRES 88ACRES 32376SQM OR OR OR 201128.8SQM 356123SQM 8ACRES

55

GUJARAT SCIENCE CITY, AHMEDABA D

247ACRES OR 999574SQM

BUILT UP 11.119ACR AREA ES OR 45000SQM

72ACRES OR 291374SQM

6291SQM OR 1.55 ACRES

FOOT FALL

60,000 PER DAY

5,000 PER DAY

6,00,000 PER YEAR

FORM

SQAURE SITE, SPHEROID AL, DOMICAL. SHIP SHAPE BUILDING.

CURVILINE MASSING AR, SEMI CIRCULAR , CURVED SHELL

STRUCTU RE AND MATERIA L

TRUSS STRUCTU RE, RCC SHELL STRUCTU RE.

RCC ANS SHELL STRUCTUR E , FRAME STRUCTUR E, PIPE STRUCTUR E.

STONE, STEEL, GLASS.

ISSUE

THE SCIENCE LAKE IS UNTIDY.

3,000 PER DAY DOME. BUTTERFLY SHAPE

GRIT RCC SHELL, PLASTER, TRUSS PILE STRUCTURE FOUNDATI ON, PRECAST RCC SLABS

ALUMINIU M PERFORAT ED PAINT, MOSAIC TILES HEAVY MASS STRUCTUR E

56

WATER LEAKAGE ISSUE

UNTIDY AND LOW MAINTENA NCE

CHAPTER 3 : SITE ANALYSIS 3.1. Site

Map 7: SITE

APJ ABDUL KALAM SCIENCE CITY, PATNA

3.2. Location: Saidpur, Dujra, Rajendra Nagar, Patna, Bihar Area: 20acres

3.3. Accessibility

Map 8: ACCESSIBILITY

57

3.3. Context

Figure 43 : SITE CONTEXT

3.4. NATURAL FACTORS The wind rose for Patna shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated -Patna has a Humid subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification: (Cwa) with extremely hot summers from late March to early June, the monsoon season from late June to late September and chilly winter nights and foggy or sunny days from November to February[63] Highest temperature ever recorded was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F), in the year 1966, the lowest ever was 1.1 °C (34 °F), on 9 January 2013,[65] and highest rainfall was 204.5 mm (8.05 in), in the year 1997.

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Figure 44 :WIND ROSE

-THE PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION IS EAST TO WEST

Figure 45 :WIND SPEED

Figure 46 :TEMPERATURE

Figure 47 :PRECIPITATION

Figure 48 :SUN PATH

Figure 48 :TOPOGRAPHY MAP

Figure 49 :SITE SECTION

3.4.1. SOIL CONDITION

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-The soil type of site is alluvial and black cotton soil type.

-Pile foundation is suggested for such soil type.

-Patna comes under seismic zone iii.

3.4.2. VEGETATION The site jas very less vegetation , it has several trees like peltophorum pterocarpum (yellow gulmohar), delonix regia (red gulmohar)etc.

Figure 50 :SITE VEGETATION

3.5. TRAFFIC MOVEMENT -The traffic movement is normal, there is less rush in traffic.

-The road width is approx 12 metres.

-There is little rush in morning and evening hours, otherwise the traffic goes smoothly throughout the day.

-There is no parking stand for vehicles on sides of the road.

-There is no autorikshaw, bus ,rikshaw stand nearby.

Figure 51 :TRAFFIC MOVEMENT

3.6. UTILITIES/ AMENITIES -The site has a built drainage system and and electricity poles are there for electricity supply.

-The water supply is from the government water tank of the area for now.

3.7. ISSUES -The nearby area needs to be cleaned, a big layer of garbage is present.

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-The width of road road is just 12 metres which is less wide wrt site, the width should be increased.

Figure 52 :SITE ISSUES

3.8. CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER 4 : CONCEPT AND NEED OF SCIENCE CITY 4.1. NEED A science city provides an experiment based learning ambience to inculcate a spirit of inquiry, foster creative talent and create scientific temper in the community as a whole.

It is characterised by its two-pronged channel of communication - exhibits and activities. While the exhibits, both indoor and outdoor, are mostly interactive, the demonstrations and training programmes are also fully participatory and help children and the adults alike to learn the basics of science through fun and enjoyment.

Science is best understood through experience and experimentation. Science Education, therefore, should essentially involve hands-on, experimentation based learning and should not remain within the confine of textbooks. This is more important in India in view of widespread science illiteracy in the country. A Science City on the other hand provides scope of ‘doing science’ adopting a hands-on approach which it offers to the visitor a number of experimental options through which they can discover the scientific concept themselves. Such mode of education has so far proved to be very effective in supplementing formal science education in our country.

4.2. AREA DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO NCSM NORMS: AREA DISTRIBUTION

A. Floor area for indoor exhibitions (minimum)

(a) Science Exposition Hall

10000 sq.mt.

(b) Open laboratory and interactive exhibits hall

2500 sq.mt.

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(c) Entrance Plaza and visitor’s facilities

1500 sq.mt.

Total

14,000 sq.mt.

B. Outdoor expositions

(a) Science Park

20,000 sq.mt.

While developing the permanent infrastructure care must be taken to maintain a ratio of 25:75 for covered and open areas so that the visitors are not confined in a particular place and there is enough space to accommodate a large gathering on special days of the year.

Pile foundation SHOULD BE DONE upto a depth of 25 mts (On ground floor area only)

4.3. According to ministry of culture and NCSM Edutainment shall be the key concept in designing the exhibit and activities of the Science City. It will provide wide opportunities for visitors’ participation in activities related to science and technology. The following major areas may be considered:A) Face to face with science and technology -A science exposition hall to provide an exposure on cutting edge areas of science and technology and their impact on the society through interesting and enjoyable thematic presentation, experience based and immersive exhibits like large format films, 3D presentations, virtual reality experiences, simulators and many more hi-tech systems; the thematic presentation shall highlight Indian endeavour.

-The exhibits shall be multidisciplinary in theme and of hands-on minds-on in nature to the extent possible showcasing frontier areas of S & T. The topics change over a period of time with emergence of new areas in S&T. However, in the present context, subjects like Nano-technology, Space technology, Biotechnology, Robotics and Optical fibres, Computers, Earth Science, Human Body, Information technology, Bio-

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informatics, Heavy industries, Agriculture, Environment and recent understanding of scientific concepts etc. may be considered.

-A dedicated infrastructure shall be provided for corporate bodies, R&D institutions, scientific departments etc. to showcase current status of science and technology and R & D initiatives in respective areas of their activity.

-A 600–1000 seated auditorium for multipurpose use viz. science education programmes and science film shows, organising educational, cultural, industrial/ corporate programmes; (the capacity of the auditorium has been fixed keeping in view that one million visitors would visit the Science City).

B) Experimentation and curriculum supplement -Interactive exhibits supplementing science education in schools and to explain basic principles of science and technology in an interesting and entertaining manner will be developed and set up here.

-Hands on activity based laboratories for the visitors and students with the intention to foster public awareness, engagement and understanding of cutting edge science and engineering like Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, and Photonics etc. shall be set up.

Such labs shall aim to link science centres and educational institutions with research institutions engaged in active cutting edge science and technology experimentation and research.

C) Learning science outside the four walls -Science Park aims to facilitate “edutainment”, i.e., education through entertainment.

It would be designed to make science relevant to everyday lives through a non-formal, “hands on, mind on” approach. Characterized by its twopronged channel of communication – exhibits and activities, the exhibits will be mostly interactive and help children and the adults alike to learn the basics of science through fun and enjoyment in natural and non-coercive situations. It would have something of interest to everyone regardless of social strata, education or age group and create a culture of learning. Science Park will provide a bridge to unite business, industry and community.

D) Visitors’ recreational facilities/amenities

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-This area will include water bodies, a nature trail, road train, fountains, food plaza, gift and souvenir shops, restaurants, rest rooms and such other facilities which shall not only satisfy the needs of the visitors but increase the holding time.

E) Infrastructure The Science City will have following main facilities for the public: -Science Exploration hall consisting of 5-7 large interactive science exhibitions -Space Odyssey consisting of digital dome theatre, 3D show, simulator and space science exhibitions -Demonstration areas to explain science through activities & experiments -Outdoor Science Park -Evolution Park -Auditorium -Workshop -Public utilities consisting of cafeteria, gift store, visitor interpretation area etc.

-Car parking -Gate Plaza with ticketing, security & visitor reception and interpretation area.

4.4. BYE-LAWS BYE-LAWS FAR

1.75

TOTAL AREA

20.48ACRES (82879.62 SQM)

PERMISSIBLE BUILT UP AREA

30,000 SQM

PERMISSIBLE HEIGHT

24M

SET BACKS

4.5 M FROM FRONT 3.5 M FROM OTHER SIDES

4.5. AREA REQUIREMENTS

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ENTRANCE GATE COMPLEX SPACES

PROPOSED SCIENCE CITY AREA (SQM)

NUMBER

TOTAL AREA (SQM)

SECURITY CHECK POST

4

4

16

INFORMATION COUNTER

15

4

60

RECEPTION

49

TICKETING COUNTERS

4

4

16

CLOAK ROOM/STORE

24

3

72

KIOSK

9

3

27

ANCILARY FACILITIES

16

1

16

SOUVENIR SHOP

30

2

60

TOILETS

40

3

120

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TOTAL

436

ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK SPACES

PROPOSED SCIENCE CITY AREA (SQM)

ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLEX

66

DIRECTOR’S ROOM

25

DIRECTOR’S SECERETARY ROOM

15

SENIOR OFFICER

16

ENGINEER

16

ARCHITECT

16

TREASURER

16

ACCOUNTANTS

16

CLERKS

9

COMMON CONFERENCE ROOM

28

TOILETS

20

MISCELLENEOUS

9

TOTAL

166

SPACES

PROPOSED SCIENCE CITY AREA (SQM)

RECORD AND MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECH. OFFICER

25

SUBORDINATE TECH. OFFICERS

12

TECHNICAL TRAINEES

9

BUSINESS ACCOUNTS

12

67

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION

16

REGISTRAR’S RECORDS

16

SECURITY & GARDENING STAFF

9

TOILETS

20

STAFF LOUNGE

30

TOTAL

149

SPACES

PROPOSED SCIENCE CITY

AREA (SQM) Curator DEPARTMENT Curator’s room

25

Staff office

35

Exhibit department

16

Ancillary facilities

20

Total

96

4.6. USER STUDY

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4.7. CONCEPT AND IDEAS Following are the main aspects of the design idea:

DREAM ECOLOGICAL

COMMUNICATION FUNNY

Figure 53 :DESIGN ASPECTS

DREAM: It is related with the building shape.

Design of irregularity and distinctive perforated elevation ECOLOGICAL: Diverse outdoor spaces COMMUNICATION: Three-dimensional experience is possible for communicating with a city and harmonizing with the building had to be considered.

FUNNY: Various sculptures, events and attractions will be provided at the central hall connecting all exhibition halls so that many children can experience fun in science 4.7.1. CONCEPT STORY

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The SCIENCE CITY demonstrates the connection between how children and adults learn about science, as well as the connection between science and technology in modern building design. By looking at the scientific advancements of buildings, the building itself becomes a tool for teaching, giving visitors a hands on experience of the connection between science and everyday life. This will help visitors learn about scientific strategies and give them a better understanding of the environment in which they live. Science is something that has an effect on everyone in the world; from growing food, producing electricity, to living a healthy lifestyle. Everything is connected by some type of scientific advancement or discovery.

-Can a building become a part of the displays in a science city, and influence the learning that occurs there? What can be done to educate people about the scientific advancements of buildings and the technologies that support them? These are the two main questions that i am going to answer through the design process of a science CITY -My design will teach about science and how it can relate to everyday life. Science is behind everything that we have done in the past and are doing for the future. I want my building to show that progression and evolution of ideas and technologies. Science is constantly changing and ideas are evolving. I want the spaces in and around the building to change and evolve for the different uses that the building has and can be used for more than just learning.

 The basic idea behind any science city is edutainment  Education +entertainment  Time is a dimension in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future . Time brings change and it always goes forward, similarly we can relate this nature of time with science .

Science is something which is related with knowledge and it is always increasing and bringing changes in daily life .it is also moving forward like time. The following graph is the representation of this theory.

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Figure 54 :CONCEPT IDEA

Figure 55 :CONCEPT EVOLUTION

To show the development of science as the time increases blocks are segregated in such manner that every block will show a stage of development .

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The blocks which are alligned with line of time , they are more related with time increment and changes while the blocks alligned with the line of science are more related with increment of knowledge.

Block a (basic science) The block a will be dedicated to basic science. The space will educate about the basic science that we generally studies in our schools and colleges.

Block b (space science) This space will educate about the space science and encompass all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space.

Block c (work of APJ Abdul kalam) This space will be a tribute to dr. Apj abdul kalam, this area will include a library and will show his achievements as a scientist.

Block d (history of science) This block will depicts the history of science, how science develops in different eras.

Block e (discoveries / invention) This block will show the major discoveries of science that brings changes. This space will show how necessity can bring change.

Block f (science in daily life) This block will relate to our daily life how machines and technologies are impacting in our life.

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CHAPTER 5 : DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Figure 56 :SITE PLAN

Figure 57 :ADMIN BLOCK PLAN

Figure 58 :TICKET COUNTER BLOCK PLAN

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Figure 59 :OUTDOOR LEARNING AREA PLAN

Figure 60 :OUTDOOR LEARNING AREA VIEWS

MAIN BUILDING BLOCK

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WORKING DRAWING

Figure 61 :MAIN BUILDING BLOCK

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Figure 62 :PLANETARIUM

Figure 63 :MAIN BUILDING VIEW

Figure 64 :SITE VIEW

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CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION The basic key of a Science City is edutainment. Science City is a place where various age group of people came and every visitors purpose is not just to gain knowledge rather they came for recreational activities and for outings. So, the city should be educative and entertaining as well.

The basic responsibility of an architect is to create a landmark and to create some interesting spaces , so that the visitors gets knowledge with entertainment.

Although this design aims to design a space for the public & users considering circulation patterns, open spaces, appropriate lighting & acoustical treatment features to incorporate in the further building design. To understand & design the space which would help the user to get attached with it and get connected to the spaces.

It must be clearly understood that outdoor learning spaces and recreational spaces are important in a public spaces like museum.

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CHAPTER 7 : BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES http://www.pgsciencecity.org/sports.htm sciencecitykolkata.org.in/ ncsm.gov.in/  https://scity.gujarat.gov.in/  https://nehrusciencecentre.gov.in/  https://www.slideshare.net/zhijun/site-analysis-presentation  Metabule

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