Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;udk b,folowfovJ ´
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orD;udk,f0efudk vG,fxm;&_yDjzpfaom ZeD;onf pDpDoG,fudk aemufuG,fwGif csef xm;cJ&h onf? a'gufwm pde0f if;. tudjk zpfol OD;at;0if;ESifh tjcm;0rf;uGaJ rmifES r rsm;onfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJwGif a':atmifqef;pk-unftm; 0ef;&Hxm;-uonfhtwGuf óudwifcef‹rSef;xm;onfhtwdkif; ppftm%m&Sifwdk‹. tjypfay;ta&;,lr+udk cH-u&avonf? OD;at;0if;onf 1996 ckESpfwGif tzrf;cH &pOfu a':atmifqef;pk-unf. teD;uyfvufaxmuftjzpf aqmif&u G v f su&f _dS yD; xdktcsdefrSpum tif;pdefaxmifwGif ESpf&Snfaxmif'%fcH&&Smonf? olonf ESv;kH a&m*gcHpm;&onf? oltzrf;cH&onfEiS fh Adv k cf sKyf. tudw k OD;jzpfol OD;atmif oef;.om;jzpfol ‘OD;csKdatmifoef;’ uvnf; brsKd;bdk;wl csufcsif;yif ola‹ e&modk‹ tpm;xk;d 0ifa&mufvmcJo h nf? ppfwyfu 1997 ckEpS /f ESpv f ,fwiG f olEiS fh ol‹nrD i,f rroef;wdu ‹k kd zrf;qD;cJjh yef_y;D rroef;. cifyeG ;f OD;jrihaf qGuykd g tqpfac:oGm;cJo h nf? xda‹k emuf olwu ‹kd kd rw&m; oif; tufOya't& axmif'%f (3) ESppf ED iS fh aemufxyf ta&;ay: tufOya't& axmuf'%f (7) ESpfpD csrSwfcJhjyef&m olwdk‹tm;vHk; tif;pdefaxmifwGif ,if;axmif '%frsm;udk cH-u&&Smonf? 0rf;omp&m rSwcf suw f ckudk jznfph u G Ef idk yf g_y?D a'gufwmpde0f if;onf olZ‹ eD;ESihf orD;wkEd‹ Sifh 2000 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (15) &ufae‹wGif atmfpvkd (Oslo) -rdY› jyefvnf aygif;pnf;EkdifcJhyg_yD? ZeD;ESifh orD;jzpfolwo kd‹ nf ppfwyftkyfpkd;aeaom jrefrmEkdifiHrS ,if;ESpq f ef;wGif aemufq;Hk Y atmifjrifpmG xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufvmcJ_h y;D xkid ;f Ekid if rH S wqifh aemfa0EkdifiHokd‹ a&muf&SdvmcJhonf? 1990 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv (25) &ufae‹wGif &efukef-rdŒrS pxGufvmuwnf;u a'gufwmpdef0if;taejzifh (10) ESpf ausmfausmf olwE‹dk iS hf awGŒ&jcif;r&Scd yhJ g? orD;i,fjzpforl mS (9) ESpcf yJG if &Sad eyg_yD? aemufq;Hk Y olwc‹dk &D;pOfrmS 2001 ckEpS f -o*kwv f (4) &ufae‹wiG f tar&duef jynfaxmifpk 0g&Sifwef'DpD&Sd olwkda‹ etdrfwGif jyefvnfa&muf&Sdjcif;jzifh aysmf&$ifpGm t_yD;owfEidk cf yhJ gonf? ‚if;tjyif OD;at;0if;/ OD;csKdatmifoef;/ rroef;ESihf olc‹ ifyeG ;f wk‹d axmifrS jyef vnfvGwfajrmufcJh_yDjzpfa-umif; u|efawmf avhvmod&Sd&yga-umif;?
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a-u;rHkOD;aomif; xkwfazmfajymqdk_yD ,cktcg tar&duefjynfaxmifpk zavmf&'D gwGif aexkid v f su&f adS om emrnf }uD;owif;pmq&mESihf pma&;q&mwOD;jzpfol ‘a-u;rHk’ (The Mirror) OD;aomif; onf 1998 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f (15) &ufae‹wiG f jrefrmbmomjzihf (acwfòydirf )S xkwaf 0 10 h nf? aom ‘jrefrmhtvif;’ owif;pmY xl;jcm;vSaom aqmif;yg;wyk'f a&;om;cJo ,if;aqmif;yg;onf AdkvfcsKyfESihf olv ‹ kyfazmfudkifbufrsm; usqHk;cJh&onfh (51) ESpf ajrmuf tcsdeftcgor,ESihf wdkufqdkifaeavonf? ,if;aqmif;yg;. acgif;pOfrSm ‘OD;atmifqef;tm; vkyf}uHr+}uD;/ ar*smae0if; }uH&mygavm’ jzpfavonf? arhr&EdkifwJh 1947 ck/ Zlvdkifv (19) &ufae‹u touf (20) om&Sdao;_yD; ‘Armhacwf’ owif;pm. owif;axmufwOD;jzpfol (atmifAv) OD;aomif;onf aoG;acsmufcsm;zG,jf zpf&yftcsKdŒukd ud, k af wGŒrsufjrifjzpfc&hJ onf? xdt k csdeu f ol. o,f,lydk‹aqmifa&;,mOfrSm pufbD;omjzpf_yD; ,if;pufbD;udk aeylrdk;&Gmra&Smif òrd›wywfeif;um owif;pkaqmif;&onf? xdkae‹ eHeufapmapmydkif;wGif olonf twGi;f 0ef±;kH od‹k a&muf&cdS _hJ y;D Adv k cf sKyf. twGi;f a&;0ef Adv k x f eG ;f vSEiS hf pum;ajymqdk cJhum yef;qdk;wef;&Sd ‘owif;pmq&mrsm;toif;’ wdkufodk‹ a&mufcgpYyif w,fvD zkef;udkifolwOD;uæ“twGif;0ef±Hk;rSm ypfukef_yDwJha[h” [k atmfojzifh owif; axmuftm;vHk; twGif;0ef±Hk;odk‹ ajy;-uonf? ola&mufcsdefwGif yxrqHk; rD;owf um;u OD;atmifqef;udk o,fomG ;onf? xda‹k emuf '%f&mjyif;xefpmG &&S_d yD; rao ao;aom rkid ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ;}uD;udk vlemwifxrf;pifjzifh 'kw, d um;ay: wifaeonf? xkdtcg olonf &if;ESD;pGmaygif;xm;aom rD;owfAdkvf. tulESifh ,if;um;ay: Y vku d yf gcGi&fh cJo h nf? &efuek jf ynfoa‹l q;±H}k uD;odo ‹k mG ;&m wrdik rf # c&D;wav#mufv;kH emusio f jzifh nnf;nLvl;vGea‹f eaom apmfbmG ;}uD;udk olemðyu '%f&m&aom &if bwfukd ESyd &f if;xde;f xm;&mrS OD;aomif;udk tultnDawmif;ojzifh ajcovH;k rsm;udk ESyd u f m ajc&if;u xde;f ay;xm;&onf? apmfbmG ;}uD;. &S r;f abmif;bDt0grSmrl eD&J ae_yD; ol‹vufwGifyg aoG;wdk‹ jzihf pdk&$Jaeawmhonf? aq;±Hkodk‹ a&mufaomtcg cGJ pdwcf ef;Y Od;D atmifqef;.toufukd u,fEidk Ef ;dk ESifh q&m0ef}uD; OD;boef;u csuf csif;cGJpdwfaea-umif; olod&onf? xdka‹ emuf twefi,f-umaomtcg olonf OD; atmifqef; aoewfusnfqef (13) csufjzifh csufcsif;aoqHk;cJha-umif; a'gufwm boef;ud, k w f ikd f rSwcf sufa&;om;xm;onfukd zwfvu kd &f onf? 234 234