Zaman International School Newspaper Issue 02

Volume 1 Issue 2

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

“You’re going to reach the top with us.”

15 November 2003

His Majesty At the beginning of November 2003, grand celebrations kicked off in honor of His majesty King Norodom Sihanouk on the occasion of his 81st birthday.

In consideration of His 81st birthday, we convey our heartfelt wishes to His Majesty and Queen long life, health and good fortune and pleased to present their biographies with a great pleasure.

In This Issue !

Biographies of His and Her Majesty

!

Methods of study

!

Challenging problems

!

Biography of Ataturk

!

Entertainment

!

Rules of Football

ZAMAN NEWSPAPER Zaman, Publisher Zulfi Erken, Editor -in-Chief Murat Tutumlu, Editor at Large Oum Vantharith, writer Malik Ates, writer Zaman International School newspaper dedicated to educating students and training journalists. Published 2 times a month in Zaman International School.

Copyright 2003 by the Zaman International School. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced in print or electronically without the consent of The Zaman International School.

H

is Majesty Preah Bat Samdech Preah Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia was born on 31 October 1922 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

H.M. is the son of H.M King Norodom Suramarit and H.M. Queen Sisowath Kossamak Neariroth Serei Vatana. H.M. was elected King of Cambodia by the Council of the Crown in Phnom Penh on April 1941.

The King had promised his people to submit himself to their judgment at the conclusion of his mission to obtain full independence and better serving his nation by transferring the throne to his own father. A referendum, organised on February 7th, 1955, revealed 925, 812 votes in his favour and 1,834 against.

During the last month of 1953, H.M took personal command of the Khmer Armed Forces fighting against strong rebel bands; a little later he conducted operations against Viet Minh regular troops who had invaded the Stung Treng and Kratie areas. The Geneva Agreements of July, 1945 which put an end to the war in Viet Nam, consequently

However, on March 3rd 1955, H.M. abdicated. A few weeks later he gave his reasons for this decision, explaining that he wished from thenceforth to dedicate himself to the establishment of a truly democratic regime and put an end to the exploitation of the people by a small privileged class. He added that the Monarch was a prisoner of a

restored peace and security to Cambodia.

rigid system which prevented him from acting freely and that in leaving the Throne he had only one aim : that of better serving the People.

His first task was to gather together the Khmers who were split up into too many political factions into one great movement of national

Continued page 2

15 NOVEMBER 2003

ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

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AND ALSO

Best of The Best

unity, the Sangkum Reastr Niyum or Popular Socialist Community, which obtained 82% of the votes at the general elections of September 11th, 1955 and all the seats in the National Assembly.

On October 3rd, 1955 Prince Norodom Sihanouk became Head of the Royal Government. Within a few months he achieved considerable progress. He had the Constitution amended, instituted a National Congress, to be held every six month, organised People's Provincial Assemblies, launched popular campaigns for the development of education, for the development of water resources, etc.

18 March 1970, Prince Norodom Sihanouk as Cambodia Head of State was toppled by a Coup d'Etat in Phnom Penh, conducting by the pro USA, Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak, General Lon Nol, etc.

Prince Norodom Sihanouk with the support of the National Assemply and Government, is elected back 21 September 1993 by the council of the crown, unanimously, King and Head of State for life of Cambodia.

Her Majesty

H

er Majesty Queen Norodom Monineath Sihanouk was born on 18 June 1936 and married to H.M. King Norodom Sihanouk in April 1952.

Her Majesty the Queen did her primary and secondary studies in Cambodia (Primary School Norodom, Sisowath High School, Descartes High School). She was President of the Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) towards the end of the

Results of First term visa examinations are announced.

Some students got more than their expectations and some got less.

As ZIS newspaper team we wish good luck to all students

years 60s, and is currently the CRC Honorary President.

Apart from Khmer, H.M the Queen speaks French and English very well. On 22 February 1992, H.M the Queen was elevated by His Majesty the King to the rank of Samdech Preah Cheayea.

On 24 September 1993, H.M the King elevated Her to the rank of Samdech Preah Mohèsey Norodom Monineath Sihanouk of Cambodia. On 2nd January 1996, H.M the King elevated Her to the rank of Samdech Preah Reach Akka Mohèsey.

His Majesty the King and the Queen have two sons:

1. His Royal Highness Prince Norodom Sihamoni, born on 14 May 1953, who has been given the title of Sdech Krom Khun by H.M the King in 1994, and currently Ambassador of Cambodia to Unesco in Paris.

Bachelor.

2. His Royal Highness Prince Norodom Narindrapong, born on 18 September 1954.

Married to a Cambodian, he has two daughters.

Patience, persistence and perspiration make an unbeatable combination for success.

Hill, Napoleon 1883-1970, American Speaker, Motivational Writer

at final examinations.

We are pleased to publish the best of the best students who got the top ten degrees in our school. They studied hard and they deserved to be the best.

15 NOVEMBER 2003

ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

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EDUCATION

Effective Study Skills The Importance of Studying in High School For some students, if there is no pain, there is no gain, but it need not be so. Your success in high school is dependent on your ability to study effectively and efficiently. The results of poor study skills are wasted time, frustration, and low or failing grades. It's your life, your time, and your future. All I can say, upon reflection of many years as a teacher, is that time is precious and not to be squandered, no matter what you believe right now.

It is not a magic formula for success in preparing for tests, written or oral assignments.

Studying any material requires work! However, by using the techniques described in this essay, and by applying yourself, you can gain a valuable edge in understanding material, preparing for tests, and, ultimately, learning. This essay contains some of the best and most effective techniques of successful students - students who typically have high grades in high school regardless of the courses they take. So read on, think about what you read, and prepare to become a successful student!

The value of a schedule Before you even begin to think about the process of studying, you must develop a schedule.

If you don't have a schedule or plan for studying, then you will not have any way of allocating your valuable time when the unexpected comes up. A good, well thought out schedule can be a lifesaver. It's up to you to learn how develop a schedule that meets your needs, revise it if necessary, and most important, follow it.

A schedule saves time All schedules should be made with the idea that they can be revised. A good schedule

keeps you from wandering off course. A good schedule, if properly managed, assigns time where time is needed, but you've got to want to do it!

ers can help sharpen your skills in a before-class study period.

Making every hour count

Don't be afraid to revise your schedule. Schedules are really plans for how you intend to use your time. If your schedule doesn't work, revise it. You must understand that your schedule is to help you develop good study habits. Once you have developed them, schedule building becomes easier.

Making and revising a schedule

Challenging Problems English What words use all of the first six letters of the alphabet? ***

Mathematics A schedule should take into account every class, laboratory, lecture, social event, and other work in which you engage. There are givens such as classes and so on that have to be incorporated. You must focus on the other "free time" available and how you will use it. Make a weekly schedule and block off the 24 hour day in one hour increments. Indicate times for classes, labs, lectures, social, and work time. Also block off a period for sleeping each day. With what is left over, plan time for study. This gives you a rough road map of the time available. Of course, you can revise your schedule as circumstances warrant.

When to study The problem of when to study is critical. A good rule of thumb is that studying should be carried out only when you are rested, alert, and have planned for it.

Last minute studying just before a class is usually a waste of time.

Studying for lecture courses If your study period is before the lecture class, be sure you have read all the assignments and made notes on what you don't understand. If the study period is after the lecture class, review the notes you took during class while the information is still fresh.

Studying for recitation courses For classes that require recitation, such as foreign language, be sure to schedule a study period just before the class.

Use the time to practice.

Sometimes, practice with oth-

The Process of Study How to use your time Time is the most valuable resource a student has. It is also one of the most wasted of resources. The schedule you develop should guide you in how to allocate the available time in the most productive manner. Sticking to your schedule can be tough. Don't dribble away valuable time.

Avoiding study is the easiest thing in the world. It's up to you to follow the schedule you prepared. A good deal of your success in high school depends on this simple truth.

Where to study You can study anywhere.

Obviously, some places are better than others. Libraries, study lounges or private rooms are best. Above all, the place you choose to study should not be distracting. Distractions can build up, and the first thing you know, you're out of time and out of luck. Make choosing a good physical environment a part of your study habits.

EINS EINS EINS EINS EINS +__________ FUNF If each letter above correspond to a number; then find the corresponding number of each letter. *** Science A car travels from A to B at an average speed of 100 km/h and returns at 60 km/h. What is the average speed for the journey? *** Answers of previous issue.

English: "Queue." Also "rhythm", since it doesn't really have any vowels! *** Mathematics: Amount of Solid potatoes = x; At the beginning 99% of potatoes is water so x = 1% = 1 kg.

At final position 98 % is water so 2% is x and ; If 2% of potatoes is 1kg 100% is X and 0.02 * X = 2 and X = 50 kg. *** Science: 4.8 cm (the 40 000 km circumference makes no difference). Use C = 2p r and for a circumference of 30 cm, r works out to 4.8 cm. *** You can give your answers with in 7 days.

Rewards goes to; English: Oum Vantheara Science: Chhour Bosith Var Pheakdey is awarded for giving an answer for each three problems.

The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.

Aristotle

15 NOVEMBER 2003

ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

SCIENCE

How The Air Conditioner Works?

W

Question and Answer

hy do we see lightning before we hear thunder and why does the thunder last so much longer than the lightning?

L

et's deal with the first part first. Lightning is an electrical discharge conducting electricity between cloud and ground. This electrical current travels at about 1/3 the speed of light, or 100,000,000 meters per second. The length of a lightning stroke may be about 1000 meters, for example, so the lightning makes it all the way to the ground is about ten millionth of a second. Way too fast for our eyes to follow, which is why the lightning stroke

seems to appear all at once.

The passage of the electricity through the atmosphere heats the air along the path of the discharge to about 50,000 degrees F. This causes the air through which the lightning passed to glow white hot for a fraction of a second until it cools off. That is what we see as lightning. The light from the glowing air travels to our eyes at 300,000,000 meters per second so there is almost no delay in our seeing the lightning.

The other effect coming from the heating of the air by the electrical discharge is that the air has no time to expand during the temperature increase

to over 50,000 degrees. It is contained by its own inertia.

This causes a large pressure increase in the air along the lightning's path to perhaps 100 times normal. This channel of high pressure air expands rapidly into the surrounding air causing pressure fluctuations to spread out from the place where the lightning appeared.

This is the clap of thunder which accompanies the lightning.

Sound travels at about 1100 feet per second so if you are a mile or so from the strike, it will take the sound about five seconds to reach you. That is why the lightning is all over, from your point of view, before the thunder happens.

4

15 NOVEMBER 2003

ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

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CULTURE

A

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

tatürk, Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938), Turkish soldier, nationalist leader, and statesman, who founded the republic of Turkey and was its first president (1923-1938).

The name Atatürk (Father Turk) was bestowed upon him in 1934 by the Grand National Assembly as a tribute for his unique service to the Turkish nation. Atatürk was born in Salonika (now Thessaloníki, Greece), in what was then the Ottoman Empire. He was the son of a minor official who became a timber merchant.

When Atatürk was 12 years old, he went to military schools in Salonika and Monastir, centers of anti-Ottoman Greek and Slavic nationalism. In 1899 he attended the military academy in Ýstanbul, graduating as staff captain in January 1905.

where he played a crucial role in repelling the Allied invasion.

He then ser ved in the Caucasus and Syria, where he was given command of a special army group just before the armistice was signed in October 1918. Returning to Ýstanbul, he watched anxiously as the victorious Allied powers prepared to partition Anatolia.

A Greek army occupied Ýzmir on the Anatolian coast on May 15, 1919. Atatürk, who had been appointed inspector of the Third Army in Anatolia, reached Samsun on May 19.

He immediately set about uniting the Turkish national move-

the Treaty of Sèvres, which recognized Greek control over parts of Anatolia. Atatürk, meanwhile, had set up a provisional government in Ankara in April 1920. After initial setbacks, he won decisive battles against Greek forces at Sakarya (August 1921) and Dumlupinar (August 1922), reoccupying Ýzmir in September.

NATIONAL LEADER Having dealt with the external threat, Atatürk turned to the internal one posed by the conservative forces around the sul-

SOLDIER AND REVOLUTIONARY Because of his activities in the secret Young Turk movement against the autocratic government of the Ottoman Empire, which was centered in what is now Turkey, Atatürk was posted to Syria, then also a part of the empire, in virtual exile. There he founded the secret Fatherland and Freedom Society (1906).

Transferred to Salonika the following year, he joined the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) that carried out the Young Turk Revolution in July 1908. He was not, however, in the inner circle of the CUP and therefore played no role in the actual revolution.

Atatürk fought in Libya against Italy in 1911 and 1912 and was promoted to major in November 1911. He organized the defense of the Dardanelles during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and was military attaché in Bulgaria in October 1913. During World War I, in which the Ottoman Empire sided with Germany, Atatürk made his military reputation at Gallipoli in the Gallipoli campaign in 1915,

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Known by his nickname Kemal, which means perfection, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the Republic of Turkey, independent of Ottoman rule, in 1923. He served as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. Atatürk initiated expansive reforms, such as abolishing polygamy and granting new rights for women. He also abolished corruption, improved public education, and modernized industries. ment and creating an army for defense. First, however, the nationalists had to wage a struggle against the Ottoman sultan's regime in Ýstanbul, which seemed willing to allow the dismemberment of the national territory. By 1920 the Ýstanbul government had been discredited for acquiescing to the Allied occupation of the capital and signing

tan. The sultanate was abolished on November 1, 1922, and the Republic of Turkey proclaimed on October 29, 1923, with Atatürk as president. He founded the People's Party (renamed Republican People's Party in 1924) in August 1923 and established a single-party regime that, except for two brief experiments (1924-1925 and 1930) with opposition par-

ties, lasted until 1945.

Atatürk created a modern and secular state, using his great prestige and charisma to introduce a vast program of reforms. These included abolishing the caliphate, which embodied the religious authority of the sultans, and all other Islamic institutions; introducing Western law codes, dress, and calendar; using the Latin alphabet; and, in 1928, removing the constitutional provision naming Islam as the state religion. By 1931 the ideology of the regime, known as Kemalism or Atatürkism, was articulated and defined by six principles: republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism, secularism, and revolutionism.

In 1919 Atatürk had been first among equals, but by 1926 he had eliminated all political rivals, using an alleged assassination conspiracy as the excuse. Thereafter, although he ruled as an autocrat, his regime was in fact based on an alliance of the civil and military bureaucracy, the newly developed bourgeoisie, and the landowners.

Atatürk's principal aim had been to save his people from humiliation and to transform Turkey into a modern, 20thcentury nation. He pursued this aim with total determination and political finesse. Perhaps his most essential trait was his political realism; it enabled him to carry out his reforms without disastrous adventures and allowed Turkey to live at peace

with its neighbors.

15 NOVEMBER 2003

ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

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ENTERTAINMENT Why Late?

Why were you late ?

Sorry, teacher, I overslept.

You mean you need to sleep at home too ! *** Young Jimmy First Teacher: What's wrong with young Jimmy today? I saw him running round the playground screaming and pulling at his hair !

Second Teacher: Don't worry.

He's just lost his marbles ! *** Purpose Colin Powell, once USA's highest ranking military officer, (now Secretary of State), loves to relate this incident from his Vietnam days. It shows the importance of clear objectives.

Finding an outpost at a very vulnerable spot, Powell decided to investigate why it was location was chosen. He was assured that it was a very important outpost.

"What's it's mission?" " To protect the airfield!"

"What's the airfield here for?"

"To resupply the outpost!" *** First Day A child comes home from his first day at school. His mother asks, “Well, what did you learn today?”

The kid replies, “Not enough.

They want me to come back tomorrow.” ***

English Class TEACHER: Use the word "knockwurst" in a sentence.

PUPIL: A chicken joke is bad; an elephant joke is worse, but I'd rate a knock knockwurst TEACHER: Manith, give me a sentence starting with "I." PUPIL: I is . . . .

TEACHER: No, Manith. Always say "I am."

PUPIL: All right. "I am the ninth letter of the alphabet."

TEACHER: Use "defeat," "defense" and "detail" in a sentence.

PUPIL: The rabbit cut across the field, and defeat went over defense before detail.

TEACHER: Kim, how many letters are there in the alphabet?

PUPIL: 18.

TEACHER: Wrong, there are 26.

PUPIL: No, teacher, there used to be 26, but ET went home in a UFO and the CIA went after them.

TEACHER: How many letters are there in the alphabet?

PUPIL: Eleven.

TEACHER: Eleven!

PUPIL: T H E A L P H A B E T = 11 !

TEACHER: If "can't" is short for "cannot," what is "don't" short for?

PUPIL: Doughnut.

PUPIL: Him and me helped clean up the yard.

TEACHER: Now, don't you mean he and I helped?

PUPIL: No, Mr. Ali, you weren't even there.

TEACHER: Rudolph, describe a synonym.

PUPIL: A word you use when you can't spell the other word. ***

Teacher: Can anyone give me the name of a liquid that won't freeze ?

Pupil: Hot water !

Teacher: Does anyone know which month has 28 days ?

Pupil: All of them !

Teacher: I told you to stand at the end of the line ?

Pupil: I tried, but there was someone already there !

Teacher: If I bought a hundred current buns for a dollar, what would each bun be ?

Pupil: Stale !

Teacher: I said to draw a cow eating some grass but you've only drawn the cow ?

Pupil: Yes, the cow ate all the grass !

Teacher: Can anyone tell me what the Dog Star is ?

Pupil: Lassie !

Teacher: In 1940, what were the Poles doing in Russia ?

Pupil: Holding up the telegraph lines !

Teacher: Why are you standing on your head ?

Pupil: I'm just turning over things in my mind, sir ! *** TEACHER: Neary, give me an example of a double negative.

WADE: I don't know none.

TEACHER: Excellent!

PUPIL: I ain't going.

TEACHER: That is not correct.

Listen: I am not going. We are not going. You are not going.

They are not going. Now do you understand?

PUPIL: Sure, teacher. Nobody ain't going.

TEACHER (to the class): Can anyone tell me the imperative of the verb "to go?" (No reply.)

TEACHER: Go, class, go!

CLASS: Thanks! See you tomorrow!

TEACHER: What are you doing under your desk?

PUPIL: Didn't you tell us to read Dr. Jekyll and Hyde (hide)?

TEACHER: Will you two please stop passing notes!

PUPIL: We're not passing notes.

We're playing cards. *** English Dictinory A Little Night Music: Soft snoring.

Aardvark (1) A vark that thinks it's tough ! (2) Aan aanimal thaat resembles the aanteater.

Abalone: A derisive comment.

Abash A big party.

Abba: 2A + 2B. Abdication: A reign drop.

Abdomen (1) Men with beer bellies ! (2) Men from the planet Abdo.

Abhorrent: Hates paying the landlord.

Abigail: A windstorm at a nunnery.

A Blast: A terrific party.

Aboard Ship: A boat made of wooden planks.

Aboard: Winged creatures, one of which in the hand is worth two in the bush.

Abominable Snowman: A beastly Eskimo.

Abominable: Capable of exploding Aboutface: Concerning visage and features.

Aboveboard: Place for a surfer.

Abrade: A piece of woven hair.

15 NOVEMBER 2003

ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

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ENTERTAINMENT

DOWN 1 Type of cheese 2 Capital of Jordan 3 Talkative 4 Stuck up person 5 French liqueur 6 Brand of stick-like crackers 7 Put 8 Depicted 9 Swings 10 Possessive pronoun 11 Sickly 12 Sheet 15 Consecrate

20 Island 22 Infix 26 Black loafer 28 Egyptian flower 29 French "yes" 30 Fear 31 Absent without leave 33 Western state 34 Extraordinary power 35 Sanctified 36 Ray 39 Former name of Jerez 40 Fragment 42 S. American canal

43 Call a beeper 46 Groups of royal wives 48 Forte 49 Roamer 50 Monte __ 51 Schnozzle 52 Sounds 54 Clasp 56 Talent 57 Spied 58 School group 59 American sign language 61 Central Intelligence Agency

ACROSS 1 Mouth stoppers 5 Posttraumatic stress disorder 9 Big boat 13 Asian nation 14 Vessel 15 Inhabit 16 Convex shape 17 Religious ceremony 18 Not late 19 Blotting 21 Curvy 23 Whichever 24 Distress call 25 Fogy 29 Stale 30 Blow gently 32 Hoopla 33 Color with dye 36 Kind of knife 37 Sandwich 38 Painter of melting clocks 39 Run off 40 Type of cheese 41 Maturity 42 Gem 43 Decks 44 Hellos 45 Navy's rival 46 Cap 47 Type of gasoline 49 Vex 50 Time zone 53 Waistband 55 Italian seasoning 57 Hiccup 60 Apex 62 Press 63 Afloat (2 wds.)

64 Thailand 65 Ice sheet 66 Mr. Disney 67 Part of a football player's gear 68 Children

15 NOVEMBER 2003

ZAMAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NEWSPAPER

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SPORT

Do We Know The Rules of Football?

L a w 2 - T h e B a l l

The ball shall be spherical; the outer casing shall be of leather or other approved materials.

No material shall be used in its construction which might prove dangerous to the players.

The circumference of the ball shall not be more than 28 inches and not less than 27 inches. The weight of the ball at the start of the game shall not be more than 16 ounces nor less than 14 ounces. The pressure shall be equal to 0.6 - 1.1 atmosphere (==600 - 1,100 gr/cm(sq)) at sea level. The ball shall not be changed during the game unless authorized by the referee. ***

Decisions of the International F.A. Board

1. The ball used in any match shall be considered the property of the Association or Club on whose ground the match is played, and at the close of play it must be returned to the referee.

2. The International Board, from time to time, shall decide what constitutes approved materials. Any approved material shall be certified as such by the International Board.

3. The Board has approved these equivalents of the weights specified in the Law: 14 to 16 ounces = 396 to 453 grams.

4. If the ball bursts or becomes deflated during the course of a match, the game shall be stopped and restarted by dropping the new ball at the place where the first ball became defective, unless it was within the goal-area at that time, in which case it shall be dropped on that part of the goal-area line which runs parallel to the goal-line, at the point nearest to where the ball was when play was stopped.

5. If this happens during a stoppage of the game (place-kick, goal-kick, corner-kick, freekick, PK or throw-in), the game shall be restarted accordingly.

Sport in the sense of a mass-spectacle, with death to add to the underlying excitement, comes into existence when a population has been drilled and regimented and depressed to such an extent that it needs at least a vicarious participation in difficult feats of strength or skill or heroism in order to sustain its waning life-sense.

Mumford, Lewis 1895-1990, American Social Philosopher

Law 3 - Number of Players 1. A match shall be played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eleven players, one of whom shall be the goalkeeper.

2. Substitutes may be used in any match played under the rules of an official competition under the jurisdiction of FIFA, confederations or National Associations, subject to the following conditions: a. that the authority of the international association(s) or National Association(s) concerned has been obtained. b. that, subject to the restriction contained in the following paragraph (c), the rules of a competition shall state how many, if any, substitutes may be nominated and how many of those nominated may be used c. that a team shall not be permitted to use more than two substitutes in any match who must be chosen from not more than five players whose names may (subject to the rules of the competition) be required to be given to the referee prior to the commencement of the match.

3. Substitutes may be used in any other match, provided that the two teams concerned reach agreement on a maximum number, not exceeding five, and that the terms of such agreement are intimated to the referee, before the match.

If the referee is not informed, or if the teams fail to reach agreement, no more than two substitutes shall be permitted.

In all cases the substitutes must be chosen from not more than five players whose names may be required to be given to the referee prior to the commencement of the match.

4. Any of the other players may change places with the goalkeeper, provided that the referee is informed before the change is made, and provided also that the change is made during a stoppage of the game.

5. When a goalkeeper or any

other player is to be replaced by a substitute, the following conditions shall be observed: A. The referee shall be informed of the proposed substitution, before it is made.

B. The substitute shall not enter the field of play until the player he is replacing has left, and then only after having received a signal from the referee.

C. He shall enter the field during a stoppage in the game, and at the half-way line.

D. A player who has been replaced shall not take any further part in the game.

E. A substitute shall be subject to the authority and jurisdiction of the referee whether called upon to play or not.

F. The substitution is completed when the substitute enters the field of play, from which moment he becomes a player and the player whom he is replacing ceases to be a player.

Punishment: 7. Play shall not be stopped for an infringement of Law 4. The players concerned shall be cautioned immediately the ball goes out of play.

8. If a substitute enters the field of play without the authority of the referee, play shall be stopped. The substitute shall be cautioned and removed from the field or sent off according to the circumstances. The game shall be restarted by drop ball.

9. For any other infringement of this Law, the player concerned shall be cautioned, and if the game is stopped by the referee to administer the caution, it shall be restarted by an IFK, to be taken by a player of the opposing team from the place where the ball was when play was stopped.

10. If a competition's rules require the names of substitutes to be given to the referee prior to the commencement of the match, then failure to do so will mean that no substitutes can be permitted.