Yuen Wai Chan - Journal Final (Part A+B+C)

STUDIO AIR Y U E N WA I C HAN SEMESTER 2, 2018 STUDIO #10 ALLAN BURROWS

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“The thing always happens that you really believe in; and the belief in a thing makes it happen.�

-Frank Lloyd Wright

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AB OUT MYsel f The experiences I gained in both Melbourne Hong Kong has strengthened my passion and determination towards the journey of studying architecture. I truly believe that design means a lot to a place, it can shape and give meanings to it.

I am Christy, a third year architecture student studying at the University of Melbourne.

I was born and raised in one of the busiest city, Hong Kong. Growing up in a fast-paced city, I learned to be practical and efficient to do things. Regarding this, Hong Kong has become an inspiration for me to develop my interest in architecture. I always wonder how can a densely populated city includes so many buildings. Featuring various designs and styles of buildings around Hong Kong, this motivates me to explore on design.

Moving to Melbourne in 2015, for me, Melbourne is totally different from Hong Kong. Melbourne is a slow-paced city which enables me to slow down and appreciate the aesthetics of a city.

During my spare time, I love to do yoga. Yoga brings lots of fun to my life and it helps me to relieve my stress and pressure from life. It also helps to develop my ideas and thinking on design, it makes me understand that I cannot rush during the design process and I need to truly engage myself in an activity in order to get the best outcome. Yoga is not just a sport but it also allows me to spend time to connect with the surroundings, I have done yoga in both interior and exteriors before, the environments impact me a lot on my sense and emotions. The exploration on the relationship between emotions and environments is very interesting and I believe this is one of the key that I need to consider during the process of design.

Digital architecture is a fresh item to me. I believe this is going to be a new challenge, also a door to access to new idea. I am excited to explore more on it and get to know the opportunities arose from technology to architecture.

I have experiences in digital design during first year and second year, I hope this will help me to overcome the challenges coming up from the semester. Can’t wait to explore the possibilities I can gain from this course.

TABLE OF CONTENT

PA R T A C O N C E P T U A L I S AT I O N A.1.

A.2.

A.3.

A.4.

A.5.

A.6.

Design Futuring Design Computation Composition/Generation Conclusion Learning Outcomes Appendix - Algorithmic Sketchbook

Pa r t B C r i t e r i a d e s i g n B.1.

B.2.

B.3.

B.4.

B.5.

B.6.

B.7.

B.8.

Research Field Case Study 1.0 Case Study 2.0 Technique: Development Technique: Prototype Technique: Proposal Learning Objectives and Outcomes Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

Pa r t c d e ta i l e d d e s i g n C.1.

C.2.

C.3.

C.4.

C.5.

Design Concept Tectonic Elements & Prototypes Final Detail Model Learning Objectives and Outcomes Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

reference list

PART A

CONCEPTUAL

I S AT I O N

A.1. Design Futuring Design can shape places, it creates the world where human beings and animals are now living in. Humans use design as a tool to create desirable living then consume the finite resources to fulfil lives. Having such anthropocentric world, our planet is facing lots of challenges these days. Challenges arose from environment, resources and human beings, so how can we overcome all these challenges to secure our future? Maybe, design is a solution.

Nowadays, the concept of sustainability is unquestionably important to consider during the design process. Why sustainability? Humans have been neglecting the damages brought to the ecological systems, being unsustainable by the exploiting the use of finite resources. All environmental issues such as climate change, rise in sea level, insufficient natural resources, overpopulation etc. are tightly connected to the act of human. Thus, if human refuses to adopt the concept of sustainability, how can we secure our future?

To sustain future, human needs to start with design. We human should learn to accept the fact, “Whenever we bring something into being we also destroy something.” (Fry, Tony, 2009).

Regarding this, human should n design is problem solving, the sug impossible to fix. The only way to adopt sustainability approaches sign. For instance, nature is a val et, creating nature by including the up with continuing the creation of

In order to avoid defuturing, a hug the destruction of nature and s These actions can save our resou

Design can shape the world, cha world. Architects should deliver th the design of architecture, it can m dition of our planet. By the end, t our future. Thus, design is really t a solution.

The two-case study showing on t tralia. These two architecture will “design futuring”, in what extend t

not have an idea that the role of ggested environmental issues are o do is to minimise the damages, and change our attitudes on deuable finite resource on our plane ecology in design is just ending artificial world.

ge step needs to be takÂŹen: stop start using renewable resources. urces plus sustaining our future.

ange our perception towards the he message of sustainÂŹbility via motivate human to realise the conto bring the plausible future to be the way to overcome challenges,

the next few pages are from Ausshow how relevant it connects to they enable possibilities.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 01 MPavilion (2016)

Architect: Studio Mumbai Location: Melbourne, Victoria Status: completed Figure 1 The overview of the MPavilion

Unlike other projects, MPavilion is a project comprises of the work from the architect and local artisans and craftspeople. Its aim is not to create a stunning modern architecture but hoping to use the right materials to capture the spirit of a place and take care of the nature which is the context. It is always important to realise the context.

However, ringing construction to a place is already damaging the natural landscape, to decide what to be built is considerably hard since it impacts the surrounding.

By seeing the completion of MPavilion, it proves the use of bamboo in a real-life construction.

To commence the construction, bamboo was transported from India to Melbourne, a workshop was held in India craftsmen taught the construction workers how to work with bamboo.

MPavilion by Studio Mumbai is well-aware of the context, having an aim of show respect to the context is good way of thinking. As discussed, connecting the architecture with nature nor bring nature to architecture, neither way is respecting the surrounding. MPavilion achieves the aim by using bamboo as a source of construction material. Bamboo is a renewable resource also fastest growing vegetation.

This project is significantly important, it can act as a guide for others to follow, it teaches people to realise the context and how to minimise the damages by having the right choices of material in construction.

This shows materials is never limited to the traditional ones (concrete, timber, steel, etc.). To be sustainable, to create future, think out of the box is crucial.

Bringing this material is very difficult, unlike timber or steel, bamboo doesn’t have a standard size but varies differently. It is very challenging task to bring bamboo as construction material.

Figure 2 Showing the surrounding of the MPavilion

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 3 showing the detail of bamboo framework. They are connected and tightened by rope.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 02 One Central Park (2013) Architect: Ateliers Jean Nouvel Location: Chippendale, NSW Status: completed

The most significant part of One Central Park is its façade. It made up of vegetation and can considerably recognised as a “green architecture”.

It aims to create a harmonised living condition of architecture associated with the nature, also to prove that a concrete jungle will not hinder the development of nature in a city but linking humans and nature together. The design concept is well-aware about the existence of nature, to create future, some believed that bringing ecology into design is an approach. However, it is hard to determine if this is sustainable or not.

The idea of city and nature integration is not a “fresh thing”. It has also been argued that it is not working since it impacts the species. However, this approach can be done sustainably by the construction methods and transportation methods. There are still rooms for human to improve but One Central Park is considerably a way to try bringing nature to city by not just creating a garden for people to linger. It brings species to design as a façade to let people realise the existence of nature and it is closely related to human.

Figure 4 The context of One Central Park

During the construction process, the approach is aiming to minimise the cost of damages to the environments. In transporting the species, they are all based nearby Sydney in order to minimise the transportation cost and protect the species in good condition.

However, the architects once said that the plants on the balcony can be removed if the residents do not like that (de Manincor John, 2014). This speech contradicted with the aim, if it aims to create a harmonised environment to integrated city with nature then designer should have a design that fulfilling the aim. This shows a good approach/attempt to bring sustainability into design doesn’t mean that the people will value the original purpose.

Undoubtedly, vegetation does bring huge benefit to deal with environmental issues. For instance, it helps cooling down the temperature, absorbing carbon dioxide, slow down the impact of global warming, etc.

Figure 5 Showing the detail of green facade

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 6 One Central Park

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A . 2 . D e s i g n C o m p u tat i o If design creates ways to future, then computation is a tool working towards the tunnel that connects to the future.

With digital technology and the use of computation, a new door has been opened for architects to access. They are able to achieve the ideas popped up in their brains which seem to be unreachable but yet now bringing these ideas to reality. In the last decade, complex geometries, “free-form” has considered as lacking rooms to produce. However, digital design has enabled the possibilities of achieving complex form. It is capable to have creation and modulation on different elements on a design (Oxman, Robert, Rivka Oxman, 2014), regarding this, it helps a lot on designing the building façade, building forms. Design flexibility will then never be limited by inadequate technology or “unachievable ideas”.

Digital design also acts well in problem-solving. We human can make mistakes easily and the most challenging part is not identifying the root problems, this limits the possibilities. However, computer does not make mistakes, under the condition that something is going wrong, computer is able to run the whole process again to figure out where the problems are.

To work out the solution to overc possible solutions and test them goals (Kalay, Yehuda E., 2004). efficient than working by hands.

It is believed that computation e vative ideas in design, it allows form design, it also avoids uncert human to move forward. The follo the benefit of computation and h in architecture.

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come the problems, it generates one by one with constraints and These save time and much more

enables more creation and innoarchitects to continue a complex tainties and mistakes that hesitate owing case study will demonstrate how computation potentially works

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 03 ICD Research Pavilion (2011) Architect: ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart Location: Stuttgart, Germany Status: completed

Research pavilion 2011 is a project that explores how biological systems can be transferred to architecture. The design of the sea urchin’s plate skeleton morphology is applied through computational design. By testing, different kinds of geometries are used and the result has reflected such complex form can be built by highly thin plywood. Without computation, the materials and forms of research pavilion will not be worked that efficiently.

To deal with the complex form, each geometric plate is robot-fabricated with finger joints. With these finger joints, plates can be connected and form the ultimate form. Also, such joining system is with high load bearing capacity. These proves the work of computation is able to achieve architects’ needs, it fastens the construction by hanging out the joining systems. What is more, this joining system is appeared to be no bending moments, a high strength system is created.

Research Pavilion 2011 is a lightweight construction and people used to believe that such joining system only works in traditional/formal geometries which is unable to work in our designated shapes of geometry forms. However, computation has proved the possibilities it can bring.

Figure 6 ICD Research Pavilion

With computation, it works well in the construction of Research Pavilion 2011, it shortens the time for construction, minimise the use of materials but well perform the strength in load bearing capacity.

Figure 7 The form of gemetry is unlike the normal form, but it is achievable with the use of computation

Figure 8 The finger joints on plates, the use of material is a extremely thin plywood (6.5mm)

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 9 Interior of the pavilion

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 04 UK Pavilion (2007) Architect: Heatherwick Studio Location: Shanghai Expo 2010 Status: completed

UK Pavilion is appeared to be a parametric design. It was considered as a buildable project but with help of computation, it proves the feasibility of the project.

The use of materials presented in UK Pavilion is acrylic spikes. There are 60,000 spikes on the faรงade of the pavilion, without computation, human is nearly impossible to work out with this complex design. Before that, its purposed number of spikes needed is 100,000. However, by testing during the design process, it was reduced to 60,000 spikes to be used. This proves the use of parametric design, it can generate a solution to reduce the meaningless construction process and excess use of material. This helps architects a lot in the design process.

Also, the inside is also fully covered with spikes.

To design such interior and exterior, parametric design plays an important role in helping to adjust the density and size of each spikes. The whole process requires high technology, skilful workers, high cost to work out the whole construction.

With parametric design, it is able to work out the statistic that human needs and save time, money and materials in construction. It can potentially improve the design industry and efficiently get the outcomes architects desire.

Figure 10 The overview of th UK Pavilion

Figure 11 The construction process showing how much spikes needed to be used and the densely-placed together

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 12 Interior of the pavilion

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A.3. Composition/gener What is computation?Is it associated with computisation? Computation and computisation are two different ideas. Computisation is simply how architects work with computers acting as a tool to help with architects, to produce things to support the concepts of the architects. On the other hand, computation is by functioning computer itself to generate algorithm that can help with architects in achieving complex forms and geometries, it can also be known as parametric systems. They are two ideas but with a similarity that is fulfilling the same aim that achieve efficiency.

To be accurate, computation should be recognised as part of the design instead of helping architects with problem-solving.

It serves as a tool to exanimate the design concepts with the elements how can they be worked well together easier, and at the same time, it generates algorithm to do making parametric models. Parametric design is hanged out via software which will be a dominating the design industry very soon in help with and be part with the design.

r at i o n

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 05 Music Pavilion (2011)

Architect: Soma Location: Salzburg, Austria Status: completed

Music Pavilion is a parametric design done by soma. The formation of the pavilion is basically the repeated linear base elements which do not change the size of it. Using the heterogeneous elements to display a homogeneous density.

To create this unique form and shape, with the help the grasshopper to produce the parametric model is crucial, it helps architects to evaluate the entire structure. The structure is from architectural parameters to enhance structural performance.

To increase the flexibility, the overall structural can be divided into 5 separated sections, the purpose is to suit different locations. It is believed that without the use of the parametric model, by testing the different constraint. The entire design will not work that well. This also shows parametric design is somehow part of the design instead of standing out just as a tool to help architects to work out the concept, it can create ideas for the design to follow so that it works well in every aspect.

This design looks very complex to everyone but it is actually just about the faรงade, parametriuc design has enabled lots of opportunities to design, it does not just produce things that designers desire, it create more of it. In practicality, it reduces human mistakes and all unnecessary need from construction. It is always good to have the generation to reduce limits.

Figure 13 The overview of th Music Pavilion, showing the density of it with the heterogeneous elements

Figure 14 The algorthims generated from parametric models to test different constraints

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 15 Interior of the pavilion

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 06 Black Narcissus (2011)

Architect: IGabriel Esquivel, David Hernandez Melgarejo Location: “The Rach� Texas A&M University, USA Status: completed Black Narcissus is parametrically designed large form that ornamented with flowers. The piece comprises 1,000 elements, 644 repeated CNC routered syntra, 50 repeated jewel-like large flowers and 100 small flowers. It is produced with help with Grasshopper to produce parametric model.

Without the use of parametric model, Black Narcissus will not achieve that much. It consists of fabrication, digital design but being managed efficiently and shortened time to complete. With such repetitive elements formed structure, if we can only work on it by hands, lots of mistakes will be made and it is very time consuming and inefficient. To work with grasshopper, it tests by constraints to generate algorithm which work out the most desirable outcome. So that we can easily produce this structure out.

Beside, this piece sticks under the ceiling and with help of parametric model, it helps designer to figure out which pieces need to be stick on ceiling which saves time.

Figure 16 The use of grasshopper to generate the parametric model

Figure 17 The detail of the elements

Figure 18 The diagram showing how it can be attached to the ceiling

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure 19 Overview

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CONCEPTUALISATION

A.4. conclusion Design futuring is considerably important to our planets. To enable future, we human must learn how we consume resources and how to give those back to nature. It is believed that damages costed on our limited resources is unfixable but it doesn’t imply that they are losing a future. What we must take action on is adopting the concept of sustainability, as design is a solution to the problem, designers should bear in mind to switch using renewable energy in order to save our finite resource. With the advancement in technology, digital design can be tool and part of the design nowadays. It can definitely work with design futuring and minimise the risk of defuturing. Digital design enables impossibilities, helping design to achieve a higher level to help human with saving money and money.

The arising trend of the use of computation is potentially beneficial to our planet. It works out the desirable future to be the reality.

CONCEPTUALISATION

A.5. Learning outcomes After three weeks of learning, I feel like I have gone through lots of ideas which have never come across to my mind in the past. Readings helped my with understanding concepts while case study helped me to know how these concepts demonstrated in real life. I understand the need of sustainability but I have never thought of design can be a key to our future, what is more, I can see the possibilities and opportunities brought by digital design. Investigating the precedent has widen my vision that how fascinating computation can actually act in our design. I believe there will be more and more opportunities brought by this industry, I am getting really excited to be part of it.

Parametric design is yet helped us on developing/widening/strengthen our design concept. I believe merging the concept of design futuring and digital design can bring lots of incredible design that is beneficial to the world we created. I can’t wait to explore how parametric design bring variation to design in the up-coming part b and part c

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A.6. Appendix - Algorit

thmic Sketches

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CONCEPTUALISATION

S k e t c h b o o k ta s k

Rebuilding fence

CONCEPTUALISATION

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PART b criteria design

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B.1. research field

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CRITERIA DESIGN

research field Choosing sectioning as the research field, I was first attracted by its definition. “Rather than construct the surface itself, sectioning uses a series of profiles, the edges of which follow lines of surface geometry.” (Iwamoto, 2009). I wonder how section cuts can convert to surface and structure physically.

Choosing sectioning as the research field, I was first attracted by its definition. “Rather than construct the surface itself, sectioning uses a series of profiles, the edges of which follow lines of surface geometry.” (Iwamoto, 2009). I wonder how section cuts can convert to surface and structure physically.

In order to understand how it works, I have taken a look at precedents to initiate my explorations. Figure 1 showing Digital Weave , designed by UC Berkeley students with Lisa Iwamoto. It was completed in five week time, this shows how efficient can

Figure 20 The plan of Space Pavilion

computational design works with fabrication. By looking at the plan (figure 2), it looks very simple showing the section cuts. From this I can guess that the fabrication and assembly of the model should be easy to do with laser cutting. Because it may require extra connecting plates but also can have hangers joints on itself (this idea arose from part a-case study 3). It enables more opportunities to explore on digital fabrication.

How the different parts can join together by its own design, is it able to join the elements together on its own but not with extra joint plates, I believe these questions will be answered throughout the learning of part b.

There is another precedent that impresses me a lot and motivates me to choose sectioning as research field to explore more it. Space Pavilion was designed by Alan Dempsey and Alvin Huang (refer to figure 3). Its shell structure looks organic

Figure 21 Digital Weave, it show

with spanning with elements along the structure, they act as a structure but also a

connection between each element

façade, floor and inner structure (as a chair for people to sit on) to the pavilion. Since my knowledge towards sectioning is quite weak so I was fascinated with the way that using sectioning enables opportunities to form the structure. By exploring through precedents, it strengthens my understanding towards sectioning and hopefully this technique can enhance my design onwards.

CRITERIA DESIGN

ws the

Figure 22 Inner structure of Space Pavilion

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B.2. Case study 1.0

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CRITERIA DESIGN

Figure 23 AA Driftwood Pavilion

c a s e s t u dy 1 . 0 AA DRIFTWOOD PAVIION Location: Bedford Square, London Designed by London Architecture School AA AA Driftwood Pavilion is designed in regards to a third year student, Danecia Sibingo along with the team members. It is designed not to be architecture or art but as a sign introduce invention, new materials and aesthetics. It requires the pavilion should be made up of sustainable material, plywood. Thus, the most challenging part of design the pavilion is to create space through the use of sustainable plywood.

It can see that the form of the pavilion is organic which impresses me a lot. Along with the selected material, Plywood, it can really express its proposal to embrace new materials while achieving aesthetic and innovative ideas.

CRITERIA DESIGN

It will be interesting to think about how can parametric design involved. Sectioning consists a series of section cuts and form surface geometry.

Plan and section are very important elements from an architecture and architect. It is amazing that parametric design allows section cuts to work with architecture in creating more possibilities.

By taking a look at the structural system of AA Driftwood Pavilion, it can see that its logic is alike to the skills from sectioning. From the inner side, it can see the several layer building up to become the structure of the pavilion. To experience how sectioning works in parametric design, working with grasshopper, it can observe how series of section cuts can create different effects.

Figure 24 Structure of the pavilion

The following pages will be showing the different outcomes.

Figure 25 Details of inner structure

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CRITERIA DESIGN

1. Cut at angles 1

2

n=12

3

n=7,

n=8

2. Cut at directions - Y direction 7

6

n=4, d=Y

8

n=4, d=Y n=4, d=Z baked twice

n=6, d n=8, d baked

CRITERIA DESIGN

4

d=Y

d=Y d=Z twice

5

n=4

n=6

9

10

n=6, d=Y

n=6, d=Y reference curvesurves moved

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CRITERIA DESIGN

3. Hexagonal grid 11

12

changed vector

n=12

n=13

4. Cutting with geometry - Hexagon 15

16

n=10 moved reference geometry

n=10 moved reference geome

etry

CRITERIA DESIGN

13

14

n=8 moved reference grid

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n=10 moved reference geometry

n=10 moved reference grid

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5. Populate 2D grid 18

changed vector

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n=13

22

20

n=12 moved reference grid

24

23

n=8

n=6

CRITERIA DESIGN

0

21

n=8

4

n=4

n=10 moved reference grid

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CRITERIA DESIGN

6. Cutting with geometry - pentagon 25

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n=13

n=13 moved reference geometry

7. Cutting with geometry - Rectangle 29

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n=4

n=9

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n=13 moved reference geometry

n=7 moved reference geometry

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CRITERIA DESIGN

Constructability

Constructability

Materiality

Materiality

Continuity

Continuity

CRITERIA DESIGN

Constructability

Constructability

Materiality

Materiality

Continuity

Continuity

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B.3. Case study 2.0

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CRITERIA DESIGN

Figure 26 Top view of Webb Bridge

c a s e s t u dy 2 . 0 WEBB BRIDGE Location: Docklands, Victoria Architect: Denton Cotker Marshall with artist Rbbert Owen Webb Bridge is the project that we have chosen to rebuild. It was designed by Robert Owen, a significant Melbourne artist. The design of Webb Bridge comes up from an idea, Robert visualizes a bridge as a Koori eel trap on the river. As a fish trap is like a net, it is made up of knitted hemp rope, to put this crazy idea on real-life architecture, with help of computation design and digital fabrication, it may come to alive efficiently.

It made up of the intersected steel work, was prefabricated and transported to Docklands.

CRITERIA DESIGN

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Figure 27 Webb Bridge details showing the the intesection of the bridge outline curved lines and lines

Webb Bridge is the project that we have chosen to rebuild.

It was designed by Robert Owen, a significant Melbourne artist. The design of Webb Bridge comes up from an idea, Robert visualizes a bridge as a Koori eel trap on the river.

As a fish trap is like a net, it is made up of knitted hemp rope, to put this crazy idea on real-life architecture, with help of computation design and digital fabrication, it may come to alive efficiently.

Figure 7 showing the top view of Webb Bridge, compare with the real-time eel trap condition (refer to figure 9), I feel like Webb Bridge can visualize the form of eel trap and convert it into real time. To achieve this design, sectioning is an efficient way to create this. It made up of different curved lines outlined the form of the bridge then several “lines� intersecting with the curved lines. To fabricate this bridge, the connections between each lines are welded together instead of using plates, joints, bolts.

It is a successful example of how computational design and digital fabrication can achieve a crazy ideas convert to architecture efficiently.

Figure 28 Real-life condition of Koori eel trap on river

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CRITERIA DESIGN

FORMATIONS OF WEBB BRIDGE

1

At the first step, draw the outline of the Web Bridge on Rhino.

Outline from Google Maps.

2

By inputting the curves value on grasshopper, us the command “tween curves” to get the averag curve and generate various radius along th curve then generate a tube by “v pipe”.

3

By “surface divided” this command, points ar generated and use “interplate” to create curves

4 Using “surface divided” to generate points prepare for the next step, to have intersections curves from different directions

CRITERIA DESIGN

bb

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5 Use “Flip” in order to get the points then use “polyline” to join points together to get curves

6

se ge he

6a

re

6b in of

As the curves that go horizontally is very randomly intersected together and not regularly flowed, so “random” and “domain” are used to make them flow randomly, using “flip”, “polyline” to join curves together again

Same step as 6a but just adjusting different value for “random” to generate the best outcome of Webb Bridge

Same step as 6b, by adjusting the values, the best outcome has produced.

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CRITERIA DESIGN

The outcome of Webb bridge is achieved by the following grasshopper script: By experimenting with grasshopper, it is discovered grasshopper may not be the only way

Flip

Divide Surface

Polyline

1

Interpolate

Negative U Count: 58 V Count: 12 Curve Tween Curves

Pipe Virable

Evaluate Length

Curve 0.000

1.0

0.138

1.0

0.3

1.2

0.6

1.6

0.7

1.8

0.8

1.8

1

1.516

Branch Divide Surface

Tree Statistics

Dispatch Branch

U Count: 58 V Count: 20 Random Domain

1 Negative

15

Round

CRITERIA DESIGN

can achieve Webb Bridge but truly a more efficient way.

Random

Round

Polyline

Shift

Domain

40 Tree Statistics

Domain

1

Random

Negative 31 Tree Statistics

Shift

Flip

Polyline

Round

Shift

Flip

Polyline

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B.4. Technique develop

pment

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CRITERIA DESIGN

TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT

n=0.8 contour line

n=0.7 contour line

n=0.5 contour line

n=8

n=10

n=12

u=10, v=10

u=10, v=20

n= 1 = contour line v=20

CRITERIA DESIGN

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At the stage of “try and error�, by playing through different comands, trying to figure out what needs to change or add in order to achieve the form that we want and the design pooped up in our brains. n=0.25 contour line

n=12

By changing the reference for contour line to make it flow organically like a reallife contour/landscape. n=15

n= 15 u=35, v=35

n= 0.5 = contour line v=20

n= 0.25 = contour line v=20

Testing and trying for may times to get the frorm we want.

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CRITERIA DESIGN

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Different form we would like to achieve in creating a fence

Like a tunnel for people to walk through, need to change the polygon and radius to generate differnt outcomes.

These are quite unsucessful as it flows too regularly which we hoped the design can be as organic as possible, let the curves/surface to flow organically.

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CRITERIA DESIGN

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Another different forms, these are made up of different shape together in order to get the form we want.

By changing through the shape but also the number of surface and the width of the surface generated from curves. It is able to achieve some outstanding shapes we want.

However, this design cannot work with the landscape of the site “Merri Creek�.

These are worth exploring and very interesting to see how far these will go to change the shape of the form.

These are achieved by baking two times, overlaping two outcomes together, but it does not achieve the form we hope to get.

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CRITERIA DESIGN

TOP 3

These three are the most sucessful one and can explore more on them in order to get the final design.

CRITERIA DESIGN

It can be discivered that the curves is by far getting more and more organic.

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CRITERIA DESIGN

By de like th is a g develo

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eveloping from the top 3, the final design is generated, we he way it flows organically. It has regularity that its form rid but it also flows irregularly that is has the potential to op it and put it on site

B.5. Technique: protot

ype

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CRITERIA DESIGN

Choice of material: Plywood To make our design to connect with Merri creek, we have chosen plywood regarding its elasticity, appearances. Plywood is able to strive to achieve our design purposal, so for the fabrication, we have chosen plywood to expercience its texture and structure

CRITERIA DESIGN

The jags on the elements for connections

Compare with other fabrication methods, laser cutting is the most sutable one for our final design.

There are several resons: -3D printing is costly and requiring more time -CNC cutting: our design does not require the benefit of CNC cutting -Laser cutting is comparatively cost efficient Besides, we also determine the method based on our design’s structure -to connect them together by creating the open ended stitch on each layer then they can fit together perfectly.

-However, we overestimated ourselves on determinating the dimension of stitches we left for connecting, so we need to use to glue to stengthen the connection -we both agree that laser cutting is efficent but it requires accuracy that we need to be aware of it next time.

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74

CRITERIA DESIGN

MODEL MAKING PROCESS Step 1 Get all elements out from the board and arrange them into correct order for later assembly

Step 2 Start connecting them all together by attaching their open-ended stitches together

Step 3 It is very hard to assembly so we have changed the methods by placing all horizontal ones first then attach the vertical ones above.

CRITERIA DESIGN

75

Step 3.5 As they are not on the same level so it is very hard to assembly

Step 4 Since the dimensions of the jags are accurate so, we have to use glue to stengthen the connections

Step 5 Done with the asseble. By the use of glue, its structure is strong enough to stand.

B.6. Technique: propos

al

78

CRITERIA DESIGN

TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL

CRITERIA DESIGN

Our deisgn purpose will be replacing the existing fence -Enhance the function of fence -connect with landscape/nature -response the BTS upgradep program

79

80

CRITERIA DESIGN

MERRI CREEK TRAIL

CRITERIA DESIGN

The red line showing the desigated place we proposed to have our fence on and our client will be the Brunswick Terminal station.

The site area is the intersection of the river, the trail and the bridge.

The images are showing the fence that exists along Brunswick Terminal Station.

81

82

CRITERIA DESIGN

SITE ANALYSIS Human system Residents are all hate BTS and wishing it to be appeared and our fence design will be covering the BTS and make Merri Creek a more safe and less artifical for people to linger.

As BTS’s upgarde fails to address to people’s needs and concern so our fence is hopping to response to it and help to minimise their hatred.

HUMAN SYSTEM

The existing site condition:

2012 Residents opposing against the BTS upgrade 5 main worries:

Brunswick Terminal Station

2014-2016 Upgrade: Upgrade operation of Brunswick Terminal Station.

Aim to replacing existing infrastructure with state-of-the-art technology and equipment. Modern architecture and landscaping will screen the facility from neighbouring properties and improve the overall look of the Merri Creek corridor

Existing fence

Merri Creek Trail 2017 onwards: Reconstruction completed, all transmission towers are removed except the one located right next to the station. Residents are still not satissed with upgrade of Brunswick Terminal Station, the reconstruction fails to address people’s concern.

CRITERIA DESIGN

83

Natural system

To connect with nature, we decided to choose some small plants to intergrate with our fence. All plants are found along the merri creek.

Also, according to the site profile, we discovered that Merri Creek is in raparian slope so we the fence will flow as gentle as the slopping of the site area

NATURAL SYSTEM

Examples of small plants: Dichondra Repen

Poa Labillardieri

Lomandra Longifolia

Glycine Clandestina

Danthonia Caespitosa

Acaena Enhinata

The designated site location is located at riparian slope, small plants can be found along merri creek and they are the potential plants tha can be added to the fence to enhance its landscape connections.

84

CRITERIA DESIGN

CRITERIA DESIGN

PLAN 1:100 (FIT TO SCALE)

85

86

CRITERIA DESIGN

CRITERIA DESIGN

87

88

CRITERIA DESIGN

B.7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES Throughout the whole part b journey, I feel like I have gained more knewledge compared with part a. In part a, I came across lots of precedents and I always believe learning from examples is the most effective in understanding a new way of design. However, in part b by achieving through working on grasshopper, I feel like my understanding towards computational design has been strengthened since I truly know how it works in a desig process.

I believe computational design is not the only way that can allow us to achieve crazy ideas but a very efficient way that can help with fabrications. It is like a door opened up for me. From the design process, starting fromm 0, only watchng videos to work out each command but now using several commands to achieve things, it is a very valuable expercience for me. By try and error, I truly know how sectioning working in design. From case study 1.0, starting from a script, I just expercience by apply several different commands till final design , working along with teammate to strive use different command to work with our design purposal. I can really demontrate my design from sectioning which is really amazing to a learner.

Onwards, I cannot determine what opportunities can brought by digital fabrication and computational design. It must be further than what I expect it to be. I hope I can keep trying to go deeply until one day I can apply more skills from computational design into my ideas.

CRITERIA DESIGN

Week 1: Lofting

Week 5: Sectioning

Week 7: Design Tests Week 3: Aggregated Bricks

Ths diagram showing what we have been wokring on and improving on.

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90

CRITERIA DESIGN

B.8. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

The rebuild of the existing fence on site during the stage we have site investigation

CRITERIA DESIGN

Sketchbook tasks embedded along each section of the journal.

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PART C

D E TA I L E D D E S

SIGN

C.1. Design CONCEPT

96

DETAILED DESIGN

design concept “LANDscape buffer zone” aims to create a physical fence that can not be seen visually and people can involve in using the fence. This hopes to overcome the conflict between the artifical industry and nature exists in the context of the site.

Scheme: 1.Replace the existing two layers of fence with a single fence. Dedicated to Brunswick Terminal Station(BTS) failing to response to BTS’s upgrade program: increase the overall aestheics of the Merri Creek corridor, the existing fence is not well-designed and people cannot engage with it 2. Enhance the Merri Creek Corridor by using the fence to cover up the “ugly” BTS: residents nearby all hate BTS and want BTS to disappear from Merri Creek 3. Design a fence that allows human activities and at the same time sustaining the security and safety level as the old fence does

feedback from part b, Improvements need to be made on concept development and design: 1. Response to the context -use the topograpgy of the site area in the design 2. Research on the use of existing fence -investigate why the BTS needs two layers of fence 3. More diagrams to demonstrate how the design works on the site -circulation diagram and a diagram showing the allocation of different plants 4. Natural system analysis needs to be in more detail -choose specific plants as natural system, not just the river 5. Design on the fence needs improvements -define the height of the fence -think about how people can engage/interact with the fence -think about how the design can serve better than the existing fence

first laye fence extr

DETAILED DESIGN

research - the reason for two layers of Fence: BTS is too dangerous so there are two fences for security and safety reasons, the second layer of fence is electrified for warning people to keep away from the BTS.

Thus, the design of the new fence must bE effective in keeping people away from the bts and improvement of fence design is made according the feedback from part b.

Brunswick terminal station second layer: Electrified fence built on the retaining wall (3metres)

r: ruded downward to the ground

existing fence at merri Creek

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98

DETAILED DESIGN

SITE ANALYSIS Location: in between Merri Creek and Brunswick Terminal Station Client: Brunswick Terminal Station (BTS)

The analysis for human system, natural system and the design process of the final design will be presented in the next few pages.

DETAILED DESIGN

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100 DETAILED DESIGN

HUMAN SYSTEM Brunswick Terminal Station (BTS) is chosen as the client of the project regarding to its bad reputation throughout the community, the residents living nearby will be the main user of the fence. Considering BTS as the client is dedicated to its upgrade program and the investigation on its background: everyone hates and thinks BTS is ugly and dangerous to Merri Creek. The following will present the analysis on the BTS and the exact location of the existing fence:

2012 Residents opposing against the BTS’ upgrade - 5 main worries:

2014-2016 Upgrade: Upgrade operation of Brunswick Terminal Station.

Aims to replacing existing infrastructure with state-of-the-art technology and equipment. Modern architecture and landscaping will screen the facility from neighbouring properties and improve the overall look of the Merri Creek corridor

2017 onwards: Reconstruction completed, all transmission towers are removed except the one located right next to the station.

Residents are still not satisfied with upgrade of Brunswick Terminal Station, the reconstruction fails to address people’s concern.

DETAILED DESIGN

client: Brunswick terminal station

existing two layers of fence Merri creek trail residents living nearby

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102 DETAILED DESIGN

NATURAL SYSTEM

Merri Creek river and existing plants along the Merri Creek are the natur projects. Several plants which are vary with sizes and types are selec design of the new fence. They are all tough plants that do not require ma to control in size and found along Merri Creek. In response to the BTS’ up the topography (contour lines) of the site will be used in the design.

Merri creek

exisitng plants

1.small plants - grass

Danthonia racemosa 20x15 cm, stems 0.1

Acaena echinate 5-40 cm

Dichondra repens 20 cm h x 1.5 m w

DETAILED DESIGN

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ral system of the cted to put in the aintainence, easy pgrade program,

s

1-0.8m

2. medium plants - bush 3. large plants - tree Acacia verticillate up to 2m

Bursaria spinosa 5 - 10m

Hymenanthera dentata up to 6m

Acacia dealbata 5-15m on riparian slope

Acacia melanoxylon 5-18m in riparian slope

104 DETAILED DESIGN

Algorithm

The grasshopper script for generating the design of the fence. Some selected iterations will be sho

step 1: Form finding

step 2: Lofting - image sampler

Surface

Divide Surface

Move

Slider =50

Image Sampler

Slider =50

Curves

Divide Curve

Step = 3 Count = 100

Flip

Merge

Count =100

Start = 0

Point

step 3: extrusion

AxB

Slider =50

A+B

Surface from Points

Unit Z

Slider =50

Clean

Flip

Polyline

Replace Member Pull

Cull Larger Than

Cloest Point

Cull

Series

Slider =6.5

Divide Curve

Slider =6.5

Curves

Unit Z

Circle

Slider =6.5

Surface

Divide Surface

Move

Slider =50

Image Sampler

Slider =50

Curves

Slider =96

Move

Unit Z

Extrude

AxB

Slider =50

A+B

Slider =50

Unit Z

Surface from Points

Extrude

DETAILED DESIGN

105

own in the next page.

outcome:

step 4: intersection and trimming

XY Plane

Brep | Brep

Project Loft

Item (0)

Brep | Brep

Slider = 2 Slider = 15

Brep | Brep

Unit Z Extrude

Divide Curve

Distance

Item (1)

Slider = 0.5

Item (2)

Distance

A+B

Trim Cylinder

Slider = 0.1

Unit Y

Slider = 0.1

Cylinder

Cap Trim

Unit Y

Merge

Unit X

Unit X A+B

Extrude

Move

Cap

Move

Extrude

106 DETAILED DESIGN

10 SELECTED Iterations 10 out of 29 iterations are selected and presented as below. Two of the selected iterations will be chosen to demonstrate their limitations and the final design will be explained profoundly with diagrams to demonstrate how it supports the design concept.

#1

#2

#3

#6

#7

#8

DETAILED DESIGN

#4

#5

#9

#10

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108 DETAILED DESIGN

SELECTED Iteration #5

Methods: Image sampler control points

LimitationS: -not enough cells for placing vegetations as a flat surface is added into it for people to access -the specific uplifted areas are not suitable for people to access/walk through -steep sloping which makes people hard to walk on -the height of the fence is too short, cannot hide the Brunswick Terminal Station

image was created with photoshop Flat surface added to the model

1.75 m

2m 2.5 m

DETAILED DESIGN

SELECTED Iteration #9

109

Methods: Image sampler control points

LimitationS: -the specific uplifted areas are not suitable for people to access/walk through -the height of the of fence is too high, it is supposed to be the same as the height of the existing fence -not much flat surface can let people to walk on

image was created with photoshop

2m

3.75 m

2.8 m

110 DETAILED DESIGN

FINAL DESIGN / Iteration #10 The final design does not carry the limitations that the other iterations do. The height is fixed so it is suitable for people to access. The fence is with 3 metres high which is the same as the height of the existing fence.

To replace the two layers of fence, a physical fence that people cannot see visually is designed.

The fence is built with using the existing contours of the site area, people can walk on it and some areas are uplifted with minor height changes to act as a bench for people to sit on. To achieve this, grasshopper script - “Image Sampler” is used to control the height of the fence to hide the BTS and to separate people from the BTS.

after using “image sampler” to define the area that requires height changes, then “control point” is used to control the value of height.

1m

0.75 m 3m

0.3 m

DETAILED DESIGN

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Methods: Image sampler control points

White colour: Extruding the area that requires height changes

Black colour: area that without extrude

white-colour spots: specific area needs to extrude for special design features image was created with photoshop special Design features (dedicated to the height): 1. people can sit on particular area

2. People can walk on it

3. can put vegetation in each cell

112 DETAILED DESIGN

FINAL DESIGN / Iteration #10 To response with the BTS reconstruction program to enhance the landscape corridor of the Merri Creek, the fence is designed with intersection of lines with the contours and then with extrusion. In this case, there will be differentiated cell sizes to place various kinds of vegetations.

In order to achieve this, grasshopper - “Attractor� is used to work with the contours

by using attractor, it controls the size of the cell and the location of the cell, differentiated cell will be used for placing differentiated sizes and types of plants:

small plants For small cell, it is suitable for placing grass and it allows people to walk on it/sit on it

medium plants Bush and flowers are placing in medium cell, it is for controlling the circulation, using bush to aviod people from going to the uplifted area

LARGE plants Large cell is mainly found along the edge of the fence(right beside the BTS), it is for placing large plants (trees) to aviod people from climbing over the fence to enter the BTS

DETAILED DESIGN

113

Final design

intersection of contour lines and attractor

Contours from site

grasshopper script: ATTRACTOR

114 DETAILED DESIGN

over time...

From part b, the designated material used for our design is plywood, other than the reason that it is cheaper with reasonable strength material, plywood is a biodegradable and organic materiall that do not make damages to the landscape. This matches with our design concept. With the use of plywood, it will be decomposed in the soil in 10-15 years time so our fence will eventually disappear from the site.

Therefore, after 10-15 years, the plants put in the design will remains and the roots of the plants will integrate with one another as the cells from the design no longer exists.

By this, a new “natural landscape� will be brought to Merri Creek.

3m

2018. section a-a with plants

DETAILED DESIGN a

3m a

section a-a

after 10-15 years.

115

C.2. Tectonic Elements

& Prototypes

118 DETAILED DESIGN

fabrication methods

Two methods have been considered to be the fabrication method, the following will show the limitions an

method #1 3D Printing

2 hours

1

0 min

2

Not the best choice as it cannot show the material texture. In our design, we hope to explore the methods of connecting each cell together. However, using 3D printing, it is costly to print out each element.

Other disadvantages: -High cost -Time consuming -High Energy consumption -Limited materials

method #2 laser cutting A good choice with testing the materials, it is fast and efficient so we can try out more materials to test in our design. Other than materials, it can also test with the connectivity, the bending properties of each material (will be discussed in the next few pages). However, it requires longer time for assembly Other advantages: -Reasonable cost of printing -Various materials available

DETAILED DESIGN

nd the reasons for the choice.

10 hours

17 hours

25 mins

130 mins

119

120 DETAILED DESIGN

fabrication test: step 1: Materiality

step 2: bending effects

step 3: Connectivity

DETAILED DESIGN

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122 DETAILED DESIGN

Step 1: Materiality prototype #1 bamboo veneer natural

Thickness: 2.8mm Relatively strong material Poor bending effect Biodegradable material - do not harm the nature and it is a material that will be decomposed over time

prototype #2 plywood

Thickness: 2.7mm Less strong compare to bamboo veneer natural wood Poor bending effect Low cost Natural material - each sheet varies with colour Biodegradable material - do not harm the nature and will be decomposed over time

these four materials will be u

DETAILED DESIGN

prototype #3 polypropylene

Thickness: 1.7mm Very flexible, outstanding bending effect Plastic, environmentally unfriendly Non-biodegradable - not able to be decomposed; harmful to the nature (not matching with design concept)

used to tested the bending effects

prototype #4 steel metal sheet

Thickness: 0.1mm Comparatively weak in strength, poor bending effect Poor bending effect Corrosive soil damage material - metal is corrosive to soil, soil corrosion occurs when soil and metal are in direct contact.

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124 DETAILED DESIGN

Step 2: bending effect prototype #5 stroke pattern on bamboo veneer natural n plywood

1 mm apart strongest effect

2 mm apart average effect

3 mm apart insufficient bending

DETAILED DESIGN

125

Printed all patterns on the panel, can compare the effects of each pattern on different scale

This test attempts to test the bending effects of plywood and bamboo wood when they carry pattern. Stroke pattern is an effective way to increase its bending properties, 2mm stroke pattern is tested.

We have chosen the scale of the smallest cell size of the final design for this test. However, under the condition that we forgot to justify how curvy we want it to be, we just add four pattern on each sheet so it cannot show the bending effect successfully. It is actually the best choice that able to produce organic curve.

Among the two materials, bamboo wood is too stong that is less flexible to bend than on plywood. Plywood is less strong, by this, it enables more possibility to get organic curve.

on plywood

on bamboo wood

126 DETAILED DESIGN prototype #6 rectangular pattern on bamboo veneer natural n plywood

1 mm apart strongest effect

2 mm apart average effect

3 mm apart insufficient bending

DETAILED DESIGN

127

Printed all patterns on the panel, can compare the effects of each pattern on different scale

This test attempts to test the bending effects of plywood and bamboo wood when they carries pattern. We assume that rectangular pattern can create more curvy bends than stroke pattern, 2mm rectangular pattern is tested.

We have chosen the scale of the smallest cell size of the final design for this test. However, under the condition that we forgot to justify how curvy we want it to be, we just add four pattern on each sheet so it cannot show the bending effect successfully. It has a stronger bend than stroke pattern, however, it does not bend flexibly like stroke do, it cannot bend organically but just a strong curvy bend, this may not be applicable on our design.

Bamboo is comparatively too strong and inflexible.

on plywood

on bamboo wood

128 DETAILED DESIGN prototype #7 mixed pattern on plywood

rectangular pattern

This test attempts to test the bending effects of plywood and bamboo wood when they carries both pattern. We assume that this will be the most successful pattern test, 2mm of mixed stroke and rectangular pattern is tested.

We have chosen the scale of the smallest cell size of the final design for this test.

As plywood is more elastic than bamboo wood so plywood is added for this test. it is quite successful that stroke pattern brings out small bend while rectangular pattern brings out more violent bend.

However, it is very difficult to indicate the area needs a small bend or a violent bend so it needs more time for figuring out the area that needs small/violent bends.

Overall, it is a successful test to show the effect of pattern used on a inelastic materials.

stroke pattern

DETAILED DESIGN

prototype #8 no pattern on polypropylene This test attempts to test the bending effects of material. Polypropylene is an elastic material that able to bend without adding on any pattern or other method on it. It is a successful bending effect test.

We have chosen the scale of the smallest cell size of the final design for this test.

1.7mm thick polypropylene sheet to do this test.

Although the bending effect is very successful, it is weak when it compares to plywood and bamboo wood. Its strength is the limitation for the material choice.

Other than this, as mentioned in materiality, polypropylene is a non-biodegradable material, it will not be decomposed and will remain in the soil forever. It is damaging the soil profile of the site, plus against our design concept.

Thus, polypropylene will not be chosen as material.

129

130 DETAILED DESIGN prototype #9 circular pattern on metal steel sheet This test attempts to test the bending effects of material. Metal steel sheet with circular pattern on it is tested.

Having circular pattern is for trying out the bending effects with different patterns on it. Metal steel sheet is very weak and elastic material. It is able to bend in both small and violent way but it is too weak.

This is a fail test, other than the fact that metal will cause soil corrosion but also its strength.

We tried bending the metal sheet for a few times only, then the sheet is already broken, it is not tough enough to consider as a material. Besides, it will cause soil corrosion that is damaging the soil profile of the site.

Regarding this, metal steel sheet is an unsuccessful prototype test with weak strength and average bending effect.

DETAILED DESIGN

Step 3: connectivity prototype #10 friction As our final design consists of many sheet joining together to form differentiated cells. This test attempts to test the connectivity of each element.

Friction is a connection method based on its own, it does not require external joints or glue to connect. It is the most successful connection method. As the design will be put underground so less artifical joints should be used. For friction, it does not need to use equipments to assemble each sheet together. it is a very easy way to by just using hands.

The connectivity is very stable in this case. Each sheet is tightly connecting to one another. Also, it is easy to work out with grasshopper to know the intersection point and dimemsions of each jag.

With the help of grasshopper, as mentioned the design process in C.1., through intersection and trimming, it generates the jag for the connection.

131

132 DETAILED DESIGN prototype #11 ADherence The method of adhering each element together is tested. This test aims to test the stability of using glue to connect the sheets.

The glue used are PVA and UHU, equipment used is glue gun. It is quite successful but the connection is not as tight as using friction. Glue remains some marks on the model and not sure if it is able to cope with the changes in size of plants placing in it as the plants are growing everyday.

DETAILED DESIGN

prototype #12 external joints - screw/bolt The last connectivity test is based on external joints. Using screw/bolt to tight each sheet together.

It is an effective method but requires more time for assembling them together. However, the design will be placed underground so we hope to use as little artifical elements as possible in fabrication part.

133

134 DETAILED DESIGN prototype #13 based on prototype #5 - curve generation After testing through materiality, bending effect and connectivity, to enable that plywood with stroke pattern a feasible fabrication method.

We have chosen to print out the one part of our final design (area covers with pink).

By using grasshopper, we used “curve generation� this script to figure out where do we need to put the stroke pattern on. It effeiciently generates the outcomes, some area requires larger bend will have more concentrated strokes, less concentrated strokes will be put for area requires smaller bend.

The outcome is very successful as plywood can bend organically as what we expected it to be.

DETAILED DESIGN Generated through “curve generation” grasshopper script

135

136 DETAILED DESIGN

fabrication sequence

friction

stroke pattern

plywood

Outcome

assembly by hands

DETAILED DESIGN

laser cutting

Printed out as sheets

137

C . 3 . f i n a l d e ta i l m o d e l

l

140 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

141

line drawing of overview

142 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

143

plan 1:250

144 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

145

perspective

146 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

147

isometric drawing

Physical model

150 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

151

model perspective one

152 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

153

model perspective two

154 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

155

model perspective three

156 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

157

model perspective four

158 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

159

model perspective five

C.4. learning objective

es & outcomes

162 DETAILED DESIGN

Learning objectives and outcomes Studio Air has been a really enjoyable and interesting course that allows me to explore “what is parametric design?�

OBJECTIVE #1 Understanding the needs of client Developing our design concept since part b, I casually did the research on the client and carry out a very brief site analysis, during that time, I cannot understand how it can impact on my design. Starting from part c, I started understanding how important site analysis is. As our client is Brunswick Terminal Station (BTS), I should be well aware the conflicts between residents and BTS, only with a detailed and sufficient site analysis then we can develop our scheme and concept. By doing this, the design we made will then suit the need of clients.

OBJECTIVE #2 Gaining of knowledge The greatest advantage that I gain from this couse is the use of grasshopper. I was a very naive student who does not understand parametric design at all before I take Studio Air. I was completely impressed by the use of grasshopper in helping us to design. I wish this techique does not just help me with handlig Studio Air but also the course I will take afterwards. From part A, understanding through case study is never enough for understanding a new knowledge, trying it with our hands plus the ideas from our head is the best way. It has been very irritating to expercience lots of errors and failure during the process but looking at the final outcomes, I am really proud of myself for not giving up and keep on trying throughout semester. Rather than the use of grasshopper, through Studio Air, I understand how fabrication works and get myself more and more familiar with the use of laser cuting and 3D printing.

This helps me a lot afterwards when I am taking other subjects or after I graduate.

OBJECTIVE #3 Importance of teamwork Working with Crystal has been a very fun experience. We both felt frustrated, depressed, satisfied throughout the the semester. This is my first studio requires groupwork and it is totally enjoyable! Working as a team, we learned to respect each other when we encountered difference between ideas. With the help of Allan, we worked out a really good concept and drawings out (at least I think it is good). I am so grateful to have Crystal as a partner, we grouped our ideas together and did a great job:)

DETAILED DESIGN

OBJECTIVE #4 Importance of producing iterations I was first very confused of why do we need to do so many iterations for every design. By part b, I understand the purpose of this. By producing various iterations, I can understand the limitations of my design. Through mistakes, I learned to aviod errors next time and this allows me to correct my mistakes. The process may be irritating and boring but this helps me to understand that I need to be very serious on each step to aviod making same mistakes. Other than making mistakes, having more iterations can let us have more choices in choosing the best one.

OBJECTIVES #5 Acceptance on people’s feedback This is boring but it is always important to understand my weakness through others’ feedback. Throughout the semester, Allan has given us so much feedback and by that I can understand how I can improve and learn. From presentation, feedback from guest is very important. As they are not following our project like Allan does, if they are confused with our concept then it should be the problem of communication. Thus, I have to improve the way I present the work.

163

C.5. Appendix - Algorit

thmic Sketches

166 DETAILED DESIGN

Sketchbook task - design iterations

DETAILED DESIGN

167

168 DETAILED DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

169

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part B FIGURE 1 WIKIPEDIA, THE PAVILION, ACCESSED 13 SEPTEMBER 2018, HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA. ORG/WIKI/DRL10 _ PAVILION#/MEDIA/FILE:AAPAVILION.JPG. FIGURE 2 LISA IWAMOTO, DIGITAL FABRICATIONS: ARCHITECTURAL AND MATERIAL TECHNIQUES (NEW YORK: PRINCETON ARCHITECTURAL PRESS, 2009) 31.

FIGURE 3 LISA IWAMOTO, DIGITAL FABRICATIONS: ARCHITECTURAL AND MATERIAL TECHNIQUES (NEW YORK: PRINCETON ARCHITECTURAL PRESS, 2009) 31.

FIGURE 4 BRAD TURNER, DRIFTWOOD PAVILION BY AA UNIT 2, 2009, ACCESSED 14 SEPTEMBER 2018, HTTPS://WWW.DEZEEN.COM/2009/07/03/DRIFTWOOD-PAVILION-BY-AA-UNIT-2-OPENS/.

FIGURE 5 MARCUS FAIRS, DRIFTWOOD BY AA UNIT 2, 2009, ACCESSED 14 SEPTEMBER 2018, HTTPS:// WWW.DEZEEN.COM/2009/06/25/DRIFTWOOD-BY-DANECIA-SIBINGO/.

FIGURE 6 PHIL ROGERS, DRIFTWOOD-2, 2009, ACCESSED 14 SEPTEMBER 2018, HTTP:// WWW.CHECKONSITE.COM/AA-4TH-ANNUAL-SUMMER-PAVILION/.

FIGURE 7 RUTHâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S REFLECTIONS, HINAKI (EEL TRAP), 2015, ACCESSED 13 SEPTEMBER 2018, HTTPS:// REALRUTH.FILES.WORDPRESS.COM/2015/03/PATAKA-PA-TUNA-SMALL.JPG. FIGURE 8 ROBERT OWEN, WEBB BRIDGE, ACCESSED 13 SEPTEMBER 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ROBERTOWEN.COM.AU/WEBB-BRIDGE-1/.

FIGURE 9 ROBERT OWEN, WEBB BRIDGE, ACCESSED 13 SEPTEMBER 2018, HTTPS://WWW.ROBERTOWEN.COM.AU/WEBB-BRIDGE-1/.