DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2016 SHOCKWAVE
Xinrui Peng
(825731) Siavash Malek + Group B
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CONTENTS 1.0 IDEATION 1.1 Object 1.2 Object + System Analysis 1.3 Volume 1.4 Reflection from module 1 2.0 DESIGN 2.1 Design development intro 2.2 Digitization + Design proposal v.1 2.3 Precedent research 2.4 Design proposal v.2 2.5 Prototype v.1 + Testing effects 2.6 Reflection from module 2 3.0 FABRICATION 3.1 Fabrication intro 3.2 Design development & Fabrication pf prototype v. 2 3.3 Design development & Fabrication pf prototype v. 3 3.4 Final development + Optimisation 3.5 Final Digital model 3.6 Fabrication sequence 3.7 Fabrication Drawing 3.8Completed 2nd Skin 3.9 Reflection from module 3 4.0 REFLECTION 5.0 APPENDIX 5.1 Credit 5.2 Bibliography 5
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0.0 INTRODUCTION Shocking Wave is designed to form a protection around our important organs in order to protect by birds, which is built under skin and bone system. To create a psycological comfortable barrier around the body in order to enhance the sense of safty zone.
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1.0 IDEATION
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1.1 OBJECT
A A
170mm
145mm 550mm
340mm
960mm
Plan 0
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30
40
Elevation
We measure the umbrella together as a group. We hold the umbrella and trying to measure the ‘diameter ‘first by a long ruler. Then its handle and all the skeleton. There are different ways to measure the angle. I just simply break the fabric and use the protractor to measure the angle, but we could also use the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the angle.
170mm 90mm 155oC 170mm
550mm
45oC
160mm 50mm
Section A-A
Detail
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20
30
40
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To create the Rhino medol of the umbralla, I used line and circle to set the basic form of it and then used pipe and extrude planer curve to create the volumn; planersurface to create the fabric on the umbrella.
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1.2 OBJECT + SYSTEM ANALYSIS
This umbrella is an example of skin and bone structure. Hinge Joint
Its waterproofed fabric is the skin and the steel structure is the bone. The fabric is attached to its steel and they are working together; protects people from getting wet or sunburn.
Pin Joint 90mm 155oC 45oC
They are working as a whole system. Become Useless if without one another. Pin joint controls the height of the fabric, and hinge joints control the size of the fabric spread.
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1.2 VOLUME
In class, we tried to build a skin and bone system in order to create a personal safety zone for our model. Basically, the bones form an outer frame all over the head, front, and back. The red ‘skin’ is the extension of the bone system, this creates a further protection.
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The frame of this model is made by metal wire, they are actually in the same repeated pattern and I’ve used pin joint to connect them. I choose to put the skin under the bone system because I want to show the whole structure of the bones. What’s more, I want to declare that in a skin and bone system, it is not necessary to make the skin on top. Skeletons can also be exposed on the outside.
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1.3 SKETCH DESIGN PROPOSAL Sketch Design #1
Cactus, expand and thorn
The ‘Clothes’ can form thorn when people approached, in order to maintain the appropriate personal safety zone.
The ‘Skin’ is covered on the surface of the person’s skin; this can also have fixed the bones which formed outside. The ‘bones’ are loose and straight in the normal situation, it will form a sharp triangle in order to protect the safety zone.
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Sketch Design #2
Lantern, shell and embrace
The ‘bones’ formed a shell-like object wrapped up with each other, each shell covered by a separate skin; with different lights inside. Shells are connected with wires and been embraced all over the person’s body to protect each individual position that specifically wants to be protected.
Sketch Design #3
Spider dance and spread
This looks like a small object; however, it can be shoot out when facing threat. It can throw to any direction and formed a huge thing which like a spider net in order to prevent danger or inconveniences in 360 degrees. The size of the ‘net’ can also various depends on the person’s wishes. Normally the spine of the net is overlapping with each other, that’s how it can change its length. The ‘net’ is the bone structure in this design and the skin is the cover to collect these bones.
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1.4 Reflection from Module 1 From the analysis of the umbrella, I learnt the beauty of the working in structural system. The skin and bone system: the way they relay on each other and ones became meaningless if they are separated. I was inspired by the Enric and Carme (1998) ‘s measurement of a croissant by setting a basic point and then calculating the angle and length in order to cover the whole surface. We did that in our measuring in the umbrella as well, setting points and lines to form triangles and calculate its angle. From the M1 sketch designs, I think they are all lacking the point of a truely skin and bone system. A proper skin and bone system should have the idea that the structure itself collapsed without skin, or the skin(surface) cracked without the bones. This idea should bring out more to the following progression.
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2.0 DESIGN
Han Wang 813134 Xinrui Peng 825731 Tianming Lin 825796 20
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2.1 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT INTRO
Combining our ideations from each other’s Mod face. We like the idea of it and want to create o
The very first thing is that we need to research m materials and finding one that is suitable for this
By discussing each other’s important personal sp body, so we started to do some sketch designs
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dule 1, we decided to focus on the concept of the minimal surone.
more about what is minimal surface and we have to try different idea.
pace, we thought the head is the most important part of our around the head.
For personal space, people have different cognitions due to the different sensitivities to the surrounding context. We used charcoal to draw these images in order to show the measurement and different understanding of personal space. Consequently, the second skin is used to respond to the personal space. It mainly focuses on protecting people from intruder, like the specific protection around head in the first image, and also creates a safety zone according to the analysis of other two understanding of personal space.
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2.2 DIGITIZATION + DESIGN PROPOSAL V. 1
Front Elevation
Front Elevation
Isometric 24
Plan Left hand side
This proposal design takes the concept of the minimal surface from the M1 sketch design. It mainly focuses on avoiding the intruder around the head. To be more specific, it is created to keep birds away from the human body without any hurts to birds. The metallic bones are located around people's head, and the skin is stretched between two edges to produce a surface to prevent birds coming and create a safety zone for people who are afraid of birds.
Left hand side sktech (http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/ environment/killer-seagulls-bite-people-and-killpets-uk-media-in-frenzy/article/439266)
Front elevation
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2.3 PRECEDENT RESEARCH Community/adaptation/temporary/light Snowdon Aviary
Conceived by Antony Armstrong-Jones delivered by architect Cedric Price and engineer Frank Newby
Steilneset Memorial
by Peter Zumthor and Louise
(https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/foster-partnersto-overhaul-london-zoos-snowdon-aviary/10014659.article)
The Snowdon Aviary is in the London Zoo I Regent’s Park, it was designed for a community of birds to create a procedure of adaptation. The idea was that once the bird community been established, the nets can be removed. The skin was just a temporary feature: it is there to restrict the birds ‘range of activity when they begin to feel like home, they would not leave even without the net. The strings in the nets are very thin and light, as a result it creates the sense of clarity. Light could easily penetrate through. We like the idea of transparency, and we decided to take is into our design.
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This is a memorial for those stake in 17th Century, is loc is formed in the inside of th minimal surface. Minimal surf is a great example—a long o
Bones are not necessarily alw We love this idea of leaving b
Stretch/minimal surface/volume
e Bourgeois
commemorate suspected witches who were burned at the cated on an island in Norway. A suspended fabric cocoon he framework. These fabrics are being stretched to reveal its face is not just a surface, it can also form volume, this memorial oak-floored corridor.
ways covered by skin; it can be placed on the outside as well. bones on the outside.
Precedent applied to design
We love the idea of ‘temporary’ and the transparency of the skin material. We are thinking about that we could make the part of our skin that can be removed. As the opening increases, the skin become more transparent. We could see more clearly about the sounding environment.
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2.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL V. 2 Design development - Version #1
Front Elevation
Front Elevation
Isometric
Plan Left hand side
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For the original proposal design, the surface is used to prevent birds away from the human body. However, according to the precedents diagram mentioned above, the development design is improved to let birds stay on the outside of the safety zone to keep the comfortable distance between birds and the human body. we have changed quite aggressively from this one, to remained our ‘harmony’ concept unchanged and studied more about the birds. We discovered that birds love to sit on twigs, this has really sparked our creativity, so we changed our circular designs into more random and bird nest-like shape, the new shape should make the birds more willing to sit on our design instead of attacking it, the shape gives the birds a welcoming feeling and offers an opportunity for human and animal to stay together happily. In the following design, we have mainly tested different options about where we can put the skin and aesthetics, we did some minor changes to the skin and bones in order to achieve the best result.
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Design development - Version #2
Front Elevation
Front Elevation
Isometric
Plan Left hand side 30
As the influence of the second precedent, we added more steels in order to create some more minimal surface to increase the inclusive angel of protection from the different direction. Bones become explode to the outside.
Plan
Front elevation
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2.5 PROTOTYPE V.1 + TESTING EFFECTS Material Testing
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Matrix
fabric 1
fabric 2
fabric 3
fabric 4
Bone 1
figure 1 (next page)
figure 2
figure 3
figure 4
Bone 2
figure 5
figure 6
figure 7
figure 8
(figure 1)
(figure 5)
(figure 2)
(figure 3)
(figure 6)
(figure 7)
(figure 4)
(figure 8)
According to the material testing which are listed above, we find that stocking has the best malleability and elasticity and is the most stretchable with the same bone material. For the comparison of bone materials, the metallic wires are easier to bend and show more flexible of shape changing.
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Prototype OverView Of Results joint
The final design of our model was inspired by nature of the bird's nest. The overall shape seems random but it’s a work of great aesthetic appeal, it gives the birds a welcoming feeling so they won’t view it as a threat. The skin part of his design ties the bone part together and provide protection for the user when it
needlework
works as a screen. We combined soft wire with metal strings, the result was outstanding, we made the boning part both robust and flexible, there is only one small difficulty we have uncounted-it’s bit hard to stand still. Because of the materiality of steel strings, its bit hard to retain its shape and keep it stable, this will be one of the top problems we need to solve in the next few weeks
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Testing Effects
The volume of the model can be changed by controlling bones, also due to the high malleability and elasticity of the skin material, the transparency can be also changed. According to our test, the testing user appear to be very acceptable of the model, the high transparency of the design allows the user to see through the 'skin' part of the design, the flexible boning allows the user to make some minor adjustment for his/her own size, over all, the test was well.
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2.6 REFLECTION FROM MODULE 2
In the beginning of M2, we struggled with our ideas of work. We thought the idea of protecting from the birds were too simple. As we did some research about how people such as farmers, how they are protecting their vegetations from birds. For example, they used nets to trap them. We think the key idea for us should be creating a safety zone between human and birds, without hurting any creatures. It just a comfortable area that creates for us to stay a suitable distance from them. From the reading of “Introduction - Paneling Tools Manual, Rhino McNeel (2013)“, we have a greater understanding of how paneling tools works and how they are benefits our model making in Rhino. We tried to use paneling tools and Grasshopper to create our surface. With these tools, computer model making became easy at this stage. Although it was easy to built ideal structure and surface in Rhino, we realized that most of our design are not going to work in the reality. The steel that we used as bones were not stronger enough to hold the skin and the skin was not going to solve that simple in Rhino. This was our biggest problem. For the following design, we think we have to try several experiments first, to exams what kind of system will work and do designs base on the experiments.
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3.0 FABRICATION
Han Wang 813134 Xinrui Peng 825731 Tianming Lin 825796
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3.1 FABRICATION INTRO
Moving towards M3, we discussed the remaining problems from M2. We like the idea of creating a safety zone between people and bird, however, we think the idea of limiting the protection around the head area is not quite strong. There are other areas such as the torso section of the body could be more important, so we start to move our designs to the torso. As we making the model, we found out that the material of bones that we chose, were not stronger enough. Steel and Chenille sticks were not stronger enough to hold the skin, they were easily changed shape as we add the skin. We need to improve our bones by finding a stronger material that can hold the skin. The fabric that we used for skin has the greater effect of transparency and flexibility, and we quite like it. It is smooth and can form a nice curve by pulling the edge. However, I think we need to consider more about the technics of joints. We used buttons as the joints to connect each bone at this stage. We thought it is not elegant and the way we glued it was not clean enough, so we are thinking about making some joints ourselves.
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3.2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPE V.2
Design development + fabrication of Prototype V.2 A
Based on the feedback from M2, ‘only focus on the potential damage around head’ is one of the concerns of our prototype. So we extended the cover from the head, bones hold skin to protect the other parts of the body. The torso becomes more important throughout the body. This model forms a beautiful curve due to gravity. The model is holding on the neck and naturally falling due to gravity. The bottom bones are kind of pulling the whole structure down and that’s how minimal surface formed in this design. We used twister ties as our bone structure and we like it. Twister ties are basically thick steels covered by thick rubber. It can twist to form the shape we wanted and we could fix the skin on it by fixing them on the rubber using needling. The reason why the bones in this model look uncontrol and curvy was because we tested the bones several times. Each twister ties can not be bent many times, otherwise, it can’t become straight again. We thought that we should control the times of bending it will giving the best result of the soothing form. However, the shape and form are really simple in this and we thought it will be good if we add some more complexity in it. Moreover, we have struggled with the joints again. The joints between bones and bones and the linkage between skin and bones should be carefully considered. We add some thin steel wires as the foundation to glue the joints between bones and bones, which made it looked really messy. Once again, the suitable joints should be considered.
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(Left hand side view)
(Right hand side view)
(Back Elevation)
(Front Elevation)
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3.3 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & FABRICATION OF PROPOTYPE V.3
Design development + fabrication of Prototype V.2 B
In this design, we remained the previous ideas about putting the focus on the head. According to the feedback from M2, the control ability and stability of bones should be increased in this process. We started to used laser cut due to the concern of structure distortion, the 6mm MDF was been introduced. It was very strong and can create a smooth and beautiful curve, however, it was hard to deform and much harder for us to connect each bone together. The use of doubling the layer of the fabric actually showed an interesting effect of moire effect, we think that could be more explored.
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(Front Elevation)
(Back Elevation)
(Detail)
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3.4 FINAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT + OPTIMISATION
According to the feedback from M2, a new terminology called Moire Effect was introduced by Alison. Due to the overlapping the screen, a set of dots or lines will create different patterns with another set of dots or lines (TechTarget, 2005). The image at the right-hand side is an example of the morie effect that is created by different colorful material, all the conditions like the color, angle, and position changes can lead to different effects. For the problem of the Moire Effect, the effect can degree the quality of images. However, according to the rotation that is setting on the roof of some high rise building to work as a birds proof device, using Morie Effect to drive birds also become one of the purposes of adding more layers.
(resource from Pinterest: https://au.pinterest.com/ pin/69172544256762569/)
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“Is this prototype really able to protect people from birds” become one of our concerns. So we added more layers to make the skin thicker, then moiré effect is created. Based on the silk material we have chosen, a curious pattern was created due to the combination of lines in this two screen. Adding more layers will increase the sense of the barrier between people and the birds.
layers are closer together
layers are about 5 cm apart
Moire effect between 2 layers
Moire effect between 4 layers
We did some experiments about how the numbers of layer influenced morie effect by adding multiple layers. From this, we noticed that morie effect only happened when layers were closer enough. With a greater distance, such as greater than 5 centimeters the morie effect would hardly show up. The layers have to be mostly be placed next to each other will create a better sense of effect. By adding the numbers of the layer we found out that morie effect is more obvious in two layers rather than in 4 layers. If more layers been kept adding, the heavier color will be, this made the effect became hard to see. Black color will instead of the effect.
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Prototype optimisation Material test of bones
Steel: 2mm diameter steel, relatively hard to form an ideal shape. Once the steel been shaped, it can’t return to its original straight form.
Copper wire: 1.5mm diameter copper wire, the color of copper is elegant than the color of steel. It is softer than the steel which makes it more easily to form shape. However, like steel, copper has no memories for its original shape as well.
Thinner steel wire: it is easy to form the shape we want, however, the wire itself is too thin. Once we shaped it, we could make it back to its original form by pulling it strongly against the edge of the table.
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Chenille sticks: a metal wire with hairy skin encased. It is easy to form the shape we want; the hairy skin provides a possibility of spaces for needling and also covers the curvy part of the steel which creates accidently.
Laser cut of MDF: it is taught and straight, and it looks a bit heavy. It is hard to bend and can’t made the shape formed into 3-dimension.
Twisted ties: thicker steel wires encased by rubber: we think this is a quite good material for bones, it is easy to form the proper shape with a considerable smooth curve. It is not very heavy and can create an elegant form.
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Material test of skin
Based on the research we mentioned above, the silk fabric was chosen due to the Morie effect. And due to the laser cutting technology we used, the fire-resistant level was also needed to be considered.
Fabrics after laser cut.
Fabric 1
Fabric 2
Fabric 3
With the consideration different level of fire-resistant and the uniformity and smoothness of the edges, finally, we chose the fabric 3 to be the skin of our design.
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Material test of joints
PVP
PVA
PVA II
Super Glue
By trying different glues to link the fabric and twisted ties, we found out that they are all not working. The fabric can’t stay with the glue and even it is already stuck with it, it is easy to peel off.
We tried to use needling to fixed the fabric on the twisted ties, we think this will have worked. The strings are nice and clear. So we were thinking of using needling to connect the fabric and the twister ties.
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Joints
By cutting a part of the rubber, the steel core is being exploded outside. Put the steel core straight into the rubber in order to fix its form. This method only succeeds once.
By adding more metal strings and putting superglue on it, the joints finally became fixed. However, this makes the joint messy and unclean. It looks unfinished.
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Once again cutting some part of the rubber and letting the steel core exploded, use the button as joints, fixed the steel core in the holes of the button. However, it is not quite fixed, the steel core was hard to bend as well. This makes the linkage with the joints and the bones very loose.
Thinking about a clear and finished joint, we are trying to use 3-D printing this time. Examples of a straight shaped joint and a curvy shaped joint. It is good to make the joint with 3D printing. It looks clean and neat. The bones can have fixed.
Optimising Effect
3D Printing joints Flexible with shape, connect bones tightly.
Fabric 3 Good fire-resistant with smooth edges. Twister ties Good at control ability and shape change.It can be bend to beautiful shape with a mode.
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3.5 FINAL DIGITAL MODEL 2nd Skin final design
Sketch Design Right hand side view
Perspective view
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Top view
Front elevation
Left hand side view
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3.6 FABRICATION SEQUENCE
Digital model of jo
Design
Finalise Design
Digital model
Digital model for 3D printing/laser cut
Fabric laser cutting layout
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oints
Joints of 3D Printing
3D Printing/laser cut
To connect bones with joint
Connect bones with joints
To connect skin and bones together
Stitch skin and bones together
Final test
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3.7 ASSEMBLY DRAWING
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3.8 COMPLETED 2ND SKIN
Back elevation
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Front Elevation
Left hand side view
Right hand side view
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3.9 REFLECTION FROM MODULE 3
Module 3 has become the most interesting section of Design Digital Fabrication, which is how fabrication techniques could influence digital and physical model and sometimes changed the initial ideas. We first have the ideas of only focusing the head and then changing our design focusing on the torso. From Kolarevie (2003) and Lwamoto (2009) ‘s readings about the different fabrication techniques which including 2-dimensional fabrication and introduced the development of digital technology; for instance 3D printing. Our group used the laser cutter to cut the shape of the fabric and 3D printing to make the joints between the bones. The use of 3D printing was quite successful, although the mash of the joints was once a challenge for us, the result of each joint was very good. They were accurate and elegant. We still have a bit lack of controlling the soothing shape of the bones, It was the problem that you may accidentally touch it when you put it on and its shape may have little changes. A better material could be improved the situation. Moreover, we add more layers to the model before the catwalk. Because we think moire effect on the model was not quite obvious. By adding more closer layers on it, the effect is showing up well. There are different shapes of morie effect have been shown in a different direction. We actually quite like this. In addition, in the actual situation, if the bird touches the fabric, a stronger effect will be showing up. The pattern on the Shooking wave will become more dramatic as the representation of the level of nerves of the person. A more changing of the complex pattern will work as a warning for the other birds which hopefully keep other birds at a certain distance.
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4.0 REFLECTION These three month’s experiences of Digital design fabrication were quite interesting. I have an understanding about the process of making a design. Many experiment, thoughts, and discussions would take place before an actual design. I have also experienced a great experience with working with other people. Sometimes communication will be really difficult in a group, but it is good that everyone in the group knows that this is a group work and we have to make it together and everyone in the group is important. I found the communications within the group is quite challenging, because this is really important. Sometimes even if we have already set up a full schedule and others promised that they can do their job on time, but sometimes they just can’t and told you at the very last minute that they are not finishing the work. Moreover, thinking about the notion of ideas was a challenge as well. Because we have to make sure that we can actually fulfill the idea with the model and we have to have ideas. I have learned more techniques to improving or to fulfilling the design, such as using paneling tools to make a digital model in Rhino, using the laser cutter to cut the skin with perfect edges and 3D printing the specific joints for each bone. This was quite fun. I like the ideas of our design, the ideas of harmony, to create something like a barrier to protect people from birds and not hurting birds. Because one of our group members has the fighting of birds, that’s how we come up with this idea. What I think the best part of the model is the joints that made by 3D printing, they are really elegant and accurate as the joints. The way fabric was fixed on the bones are quite neat. The needling skills have been improved from M3 which is really good. The soothing edge of the bones left us a pity. I think that is the problem with the material that we have chosen. We can find something harder and hold its shape, I think we need to do more material testing for suitable bones. Although it was very hard, I quite enjoy the journey of making models.
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5.0 APPENDIX
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5.1 CREDIET
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5.2 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Christiansen, J. (2014). Art and Science of the Morie. Retrieved from https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/sa-visual/art-and-science-of-the-moire/ Enric,M, Carme, P 1988/1991, How to lay out a croissant, Ei Croquis 49/50 Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos, En Construction, pp. 240-241 Iwamoto, L 2009, Digital Fabrications: Architectural and Material Techniques, Princeton Architectural Press, New York Kolarevic, B 2003, Architecture in Digital Age - Design and Manudacturing, Spon Press, London
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