On March 12, Gov. Mark Gordon held a press conference with members of the media to share his thoughts on the recent Wyoming legislative session.
During the press conference, Gordon offered insight and expressed some reservations.
In is the 13th snow report for Water Year 2025, the state’s snowpack telemetry data reads 99% of median, with a basin high of 110% and a basin low of 50%. Last year, the state was at 97% and at 117% in 2023. The report and a map displaying basin snow water equivalent percentages of median for the state may be found at wrds.uwyo.edu/wrds/nrcs/ nrcs.html
The Wyoming Stock Growers Land Trust, Laramie County Conservation District and U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service will cohost a community discussion on conservation easements and land programs on March 20 from 5-8 p.m. at the Pine Bluffs Community Center in Pine Bluffs. Light appetizers and drinks will be served. For more information, call 307772-2600.
The Washakie County Conservation District and Washakie County Emergency Management will cohost an essential training workshop on emergency planning and disaster response tailored to citizens of Washakie County. The event will take place on April 23 from 9 a.m.-4 p.m. at the Washakie County Fairgrounds in Worland. Registration includes lunch. For more information or to RSVP, e-mail wccd@rtconnect.net or call 307-3472456, ext. 101.
Former U.S. Sen. Alan Simpson passed away early on the morning of March 14 at the age of 93, leaving behind a remarkable political and cultural legacy across the state of Wyoming. A native of Cody, Simpson was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1978, serving as both Minority and Majority Whip until his retirement in 1997. He previously served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1965-77.
The Wyoming Legislative Service Office reports 178 bills were passed in 2025, which is similar to the number of bills passed in 2021. Approximately 500 bills were discussed.
“I was also disappointed less than 50 percent of the committee bills
brought in this year’s session passed into law and 13 were killed immediately without ever being heard,” Gordon stated.
Gordon went on to note, he believes a lot of time during the session was
If drought conditions continue, experts suggest it’s time to develop a drought plan for the upcoming growing season for those who desire to retain their cow herd.
In the March edition of University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s (UNL) BEEF Magazine, an article by UNL Beef Systems Extension Educator Aaron Berger explains, “Dry conditions have persisted across much of the state throughout the winter, and while there is still time to get significant precipitation this spring, many locations will need above average moisture between now and grass turnout to get back to a long-term average.”
Even with sufficient spring moisture, ranges and pastures would benefit from delaying turnout, allowing stressed grasses to grow and develop root reserves before grazing, Berger says.
With corn, distillers’ grains and hay still available at prices below average compared to recent years across the Midwest, and cattle prices remaining stable, many cow/calf producers are eager to maintain their herds, capitalizing on expected strong prices for calves and feeder cattle which are anticipated to remain over the
Please see FEED on page A6
On March 1, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) released the March 2025 Wyoming Basin and Water Supply Outlook Report, which analyzes snowpack, precipitation, streamflow and reservoir storage across the state of Wyoming.
The report assesses the water supply outlook for the entire state of Wyoming as well as individual basins including the Snake River, Madison Headwaters, Yellowstone River, Wind River, Big Horn River, Shoshone River, Powder River, Tongue River, Belle Fourche River, Cheyenne River, Upper North Platte River, Lower North Platte River, Laramie River, Sweetwater River, South Platte River, Little Snake River, Upper Green River, Lower Green River and Upper Bear River basins.
Snowpack and precipitation
According to the report, as of March 1, snow water equivalent (SWE) across Wyoming was 94 percent of median.
The highest SWE in the state was reported in the Lower Green River Basin at 109 percent of median, while the South Platte River Basin had the lowest SWE at 66 percent of median.
Additionally, the Upper Green River Basin saw the highest amount of precipitation over the past month at 203 percent of median, and the Belle Fourche River Basin had the lowest amount of precipitation at 33 percent of median.
Streamflow yields
For April through September, USDA NRCS forecasts
National Ag Day recognizes the agriculture industry’s nationwide importance
Every year, National Ag Day acknowledges and celebrates the abundance provided by U.S. agriculture, as well as the critical role the industry plays in the economy and in ensuring the nation’s safe, high-quality food supply.
“On National Ag Day, we celebrate the people who work every day to feed, fuel and sustain a growing world. After all, farmers and ranchers have one of the toughest – and most important – jobs in the world,” writes Corteva Agriscience in a March 6 blog post. “With the global population surpassing eight billion, the need for sustainable, efficient and resilient agricultural solutions has never been greater.”
With the theme of “Together We Grow,” this year’s national ag day will take place on March 18, marking the holiday’s 52nd year and falling in the middle of National Ag Week,
On March 4, House Committee on Agriculture Chairman Glenn “GT” Thompson (R-PA) delivered the opening statement at the first hearing of the Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Subcommittee in the 119th Congress.
Thompson states, “The timing of this hearing is critical. Our producers are dealing with a historic highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak, harmful state mandates like Proposition 12 (Prop 12) and difficult market conditions, among a slew of other issues.”
During the hearing, experts discussed effective strategies to address these issues and provided a comprehensive overview of current on-the-ground conditions.
Testifying before the committee and offering an honest evaluation of what is and isn’t working were representatives from the National Turkey Federation (NTF), National Pork Producers Council (NPPC), United Egg Producers, American Sheep Industry Association (ASI), Montana Farmers Union (MFU) and the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. NTF testimony
Providing testimony from the NTF was second-generation Minnesota Turkey Producer and NTF Past President John Zimmerman.
Zimmerman states, “While the turkey industry faces many challenges, my
With egg prices at a record high and rising, multiple management methods are at work to try to solve the issue of low egg supplies. What many are finding, however, is high egg prices are not entirely due to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).
Egg producers are going through the most challenging times ever, as demand for eggs is record high due to commercial uses, but also on the home front.
Consumer egg demand has surged in recent years, but production, due to aforementioned reasons, is not keeping up. People have found eggs to be a great source of protein and a healthy staple.
From 2016-19, per capita egg consumption has risen 20 percent by more than 40 eggs per year to 300.
As of January 2025, the U.S. egg industry had eight percent fewer egg-laying hens than it did three years ago as affected flocks are depopulated. In this time, more than 100 million table-egg-laying hens have been affected by HPAI. From Nov. 1, 2024 to Jan. 31, 45 million birds have been affected, resulting in a 10 percent loss of the laying flock.
All of this has caused egg prices to jump 250 percent since 2019, and now we are paying one dollar extra per egg at restaurants for breakfast.
From the early 2000s through 2012, egg demand was relatively constant and prices stayed around one to two dollars a dozen. When consumers were confined to their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, people started eating more eggs, as they were easy to make a meal of.
Then the return of HPAI depleted availability and market conditions have been more erratic than ever before.
Another factor influencing the egg issue is consumers now want eggs from cage-free chickens, and there are also nine states with laws forcing producers to only raise cage-free eggs. Today, over 120 million, or roughly 40 percent, of the table-egg layers in the U.S. commercial flocks are housed in “cage-free” production systems. This compares with just 30 million layers in 2015.
Some researchers have suggested chickens in cage-free housing are more susceptible to HPAI, kind of like kindergarteners in a classroom. But others contend most cage-free housing utilizes modern systems with increased biosecurity which actually mitigates susceptibility.
Regardless of differing opinions on HPAI production risk, the growth in supply of cage-free confinement is a direct result of corporate commitments and individual state legislation which caught on in 2014-17.
At the time, those who favored the movement were focused on meeting cage-free obligations rather than supply numbers. Some studies conducted in 2017 suggested these cage-free sourcing requirements for corporations would require nearly 220 million cage-free laying hens by 2025-26.
A CoBank study said, “While total egg-laying hen inventories have not been substantially depleted from where they were at the beginning of the current outbreak, U.S. population estimates have continued to rise, and per capita supplies remain well below market demand.”
Expansion of specialty egg demand, including the cagefree variety, has further impacted tight supplies, and along with HPAI, it will be a while before supplies catch up with demand.
Zoetis had developed a vaccine for HPAI, but it will take awhile before it is approved.
Thank God for plastic eggs as Easter is getting close.
Livestock Roundup (USPS # 005-774) is published weekly by Maverick Press, Inc. P.O. Box 850 • Casper, WY 82602
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March 18 marks National Ag Day. This is a time when producers, agricultural associations, corporations, universities, government agencies and countless others across America gather to recognize and celebrate the abundant production of commodities provided by U.S. agriculture.
The first National Ag Day was celebrated on the first day of spring on March 21, 1973.
I truly believe America has been blessed by our loving God who works in partnership with farmers to provide food, fiber, clothing and shelter for our people and gives our growers the ability to provide for our growing country and abroad.
The world population will reach nine billion by 2050, and there will be millions of new mouths to feed, many of whom rely on U.S. food production.
According to the Agriculture Council of America (ACA), one-fourth of the world’s beef and nearly one-fifth of the world’s grain, milk and eggs are
By Klodette Stroh
produced by American farmers. One farmer produces enough food for 166 people.
In these difficult economic times, U.S. agriculture feeds American people, as well as adding $1.5 trillion to the U.S. economy.
As farmers, my husband Rick and I are always eager to keep up with new techniques to improve our farming practices. Using modern technology has boosted our crop yields and has reduced waste.
Farmers use satellite maps and computers to match seed, fertilizer and crop protection applications to local soil conditions. No one is more committed to protect the land than the American farmer.
The U.S. agriculture sector extends beyond the farm business to include a range of farm-related industries. Agriculture, food and related industries contributed 5.5 percent to U.S. gross domestic product and provide 10.4 percent of U.S. employment.
U.S. consumers’ expenditures on food amount to 12.9 percent of household budgets, on average. Among federal government expenditures on farm and food programs, nutrition assistance far outpaces other programs.
A prime example of employment opportunities is America’s sugarbeet and sugarcane industry. The U.S. sugar industry provides 142,000 direct and indirect jobs with almost $20 billion in economic impact in our nation, and it operates at no cost to our government.
The history of agriculture goes back to the birth of America. George Washington, the father of our nation, suggested Congress establish a National Board of Agriculture in 1799. Agriculture was the steppingstone which our young nation needed to start.
In the 1800s, the average annual value of agriculture exports was $23 million, which accounted for 75 percent of total exports. Today, agriculture contributes over $1.5 trillion to
There is a lot to consider when selecting bulls: performance, fertility, structure, feet, carcass, maternal influence, genetic potential and efficiency. THE PIECES MUST ALIGN TO PROPEL YOUR CATTLE INTO THE NEEDS OF TOMORROW.
HANNAH
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DENISE OLSON, Classified Sales Manager • 307-685-8213 • denise@wylr.net
ANDREA ZINK, General Manager • andrea@wylr.net
CURT COX, Director of Livestock Field Services • 307-630-4604 • curt@wylr.net
CALLI WILLIAMS, Livestock Field Services Rep. • 605-695-1990 • calli@wylr.net
P.O. Box 850 • Casper, WY 82602
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On March 12, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced it will work with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to deliver on President’s Donald J. Trump’s promise to review the definition of Waters of the U.S. (WOTUS).
The agencies will move quickly to ensure a revised definition follows the law, reduces red tape, cuts overall permitting costs and lowers the cost of doing business in communities across the country, while protecting the nation’s navigable waters from pollution.
The definition of WOTUS guides Clean Water Act implementation, including whether farmers, landowners and businesses must secure costly permits before they can pursue a project. To date, EPA has failed to follow the law and implement the Supreme Court’s clear holding in the Sackett vs. EPA case.
Senate Western Caucus Chair Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) released the following statement regarding the EPA’s steps to add clarity to the federal government’s definition of WOTUS.
“I am thrilled to learn sanity has returned to the EPA,” said Lummis. “Today’s announcement by the agency outlines a path toward a sensible WOTUS definition which will provide clarity to Wyoming landowners in line with congressional intent and the Supreme Court’s ruling in West Virginia vs. EPA. I applaud EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin for his efforts to reduce the federal government’s footprint in what should be state and local jurisdiction.”
News and guidance on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is scattered across government and state agency websites, and rampant misinformation is spread across the internet.
In response, Cornell University has launched a comprehensive resource offering a one-stop clearinghouse for the most current and trustworthy information on HPAI.
This new Avian Flu Resource Center provides reliable and accessible information for members of the public, farmers, wildlife professionals, state and public health agency partners and veterinarians.
“We’ve tried to make it easy for people to go straight to whatever their main interest may be – whether it’s human health, wildlife health, dairy, poultry, cats or dogs – they can readily access what they want,” says Alex Travis, director of Cornell University Public Health and chairman of the Department of Public and Ecosystem Health in the College of Veterinary Medicine.
The resource center provides an HPAI factsheet; links to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and U.S. Department of Agriculture websites and pages for those interested in taking a deep dive into current information on human health, wildlife, livestock and more.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is opening a 15-day public scoping for the Dry Piney Helium and Carbon Sequestration Project proposed on public, private and state lands near LaBarge in Sublette County.
The project is estimated to be capable of producing more than 800 million cubic feet of bulk liquid helium per year from subsurface mineral estates.
If approved, Blue Spruce Operating LLC would be authorized to construct, operate and maintain gas production pads and an acid-gas injection facility for carbon sequestration, improve existing access roads and construct and operate pipelines and associated infrastructure.
Pipeline construction would cross approximately 14 miles of private, state and public lands, temporarily disturbing approximately 76 acres of public lands during construction and approximately 39 acres for the life of the project.
Additional information, including planning documents and a map of the project area, are available at eplanning.blm.gov/eplanning-ui/home
Comments with the subject line “Dry Piney Helium and CO2 Sequestration Project” may be e-mailed to blm_wy_Pinedale_wymail@blm.gov or delivered to BLM Pinedale Field Office, PO Box 768, Pinedale, WY 82941. The comment period will close on March 24.
For more information, contact Travis Chewning at 307-367-5333.
University of Nevada, Reno Extension is partnering with other organizations to host the Bee and Garden Conference on Mach 20-22 in Minden, Nev. at the Carson Valley Inn.
The conference will focus on native bees and other pollinators and the benefits of protecting pollinators for the beekeeper, homeowner and small-acreage producer.
Presentations will provide information on beekeeping, planting for pollinators, mitigating risk and insurance risk management products, designing landscapes for homeowners and small acreages and specialty crop production.
There will be trainings, presentations and workshops on value-added opportunities in apiculture, horticulture and home gardening, as well as on how to get products to market.
Interested individuals can register online at extension.unr. edu/beekeeping/conference.aspx for $75, which is all inclusive.
For more information, call 775-782-9960.
In the wake of a challenging year for U.S. corn and soybean producers, an updated study shows how exports of pork and beef provide support to their bottom lines.
In 2024, U.S. pork and beef exports of $19.1 billion –an increase of $1 billion over 2023 and down just two percent from the 2022 record – had a significant impact on the corn and soybean industries, according to an independent study conducted by the Juday Group and released by the U.S. Meat Export Federation.
The study quantified the returns beef and pork exports brought to U.S. corn and soybean producers.
Nationally, U.S. pork and beef exports accounted for $2.24 billion in market value to corn, $525 million to distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and $1.12 billion to soybeans in 2024.
The study, which utilized 2024 statistics provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service and calculations by the Juday Group, found beef and pork exports accounted for 525.1 million bushels of U.S. corn usage, which equated to a market value of $2.24 billion at an average 2024 corn price of $4.27 per bushel; beef and pork exports accounted for 3.04 million tons of DDGS usage, equating to $525 million at an average 2024 price of $172.56 per ton and beef and pork exports contributed an estimated total economic impact of 14 percent, or 59 cents, of bushel value at an average price of $4.27 per bushel in 2024.
The study also found pork exports accounted for 100.7 million bushels of U.S. soybean usage, which equated to a market value of $1.12 billion at an average 2024 soybean price of $11.11 per bushel and contributed an estimated total economic impact of 13.2 percent of bushel value, or $1.46, at an average price of $11.11 per bushel in 2024.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is accepting applications from qualified sponsors from Wyoming for the PL566 Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations (WFPO) program, which offers financial and technical assistance to address resource concerns.
While NRCS accepts WFPO applications year-round, Wyoming sponsors should apply by May 16 to be considered for funding in the current cycle. Applications received after the ranking date will automatically be considered during the next funding cycle. Funding is provided through a competitive process.
The WFPO program provides technical and financial assistance to states, local governments and Tribal organizations to help plan and implement authorized watershed projects for the purpose of flood prevention, watershed protection, public recreation, public fish and wildlife, agricultural water management and municipal and industrial water supply.
To apply for the WFPO program, submit a letter to the Wyoming State Conservationist to request WFPO planning assistance. The request template and additional resources can be found at nrcs.usda.gov/programs-initiatives/watershedprograms For more information, contact State Conservation Engineer Shawn Follum at shawn.follum@usda.gov or 307-2336748 or Watershed Manager Regan Kirchner at regan.kirchner@usda.gov or 307-233-6743.
U.S. Sens. John Thune (R-SD) and Ben Ray Luján (D-NM) reintroduced the Livestock Disaster Assistance Improvement Act, bipartisan legislation which would enhance the effectiveness and timeliness of multiple U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs to assist agricultural producers in the aftermath of adverse weather events.
The bill would also provide USDA with direction to help improve the accuracy of the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), which triggers certain disaster programs.
“South Dakota farmers and ranchers are all too familiar with working through extreme weather conditions, especially drought,” said Thune. “These commonsense updates to disaster programs would help provide greater and expedited assistance to producers when they need it the most. I’m proud to lead this bipartisan legislation which would make the USDM a more effective tool and help ensure USDA programs are using accurate and consistent data in administering programs designed to help the agriculture community.”
Thune’s bill is supported by the South Dakota Farm Bureau, the South Dakota Cattlemen’s Association, the American Honey Producers Association and the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association.
The Trump administration is pressing to eliminate local U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offices around the country while slashing more than $1 billion in grants tied to local and regional food markets and continuing to freeze conservation contracts.
Members of the National Farmers Union and speakers at the group’s national meeting questioned the legality of USDA canceling signed contracts and the ramifications for farmers from such actions.
The Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) maintains on its website it is closing local Farm Service Agency (FSA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Rural Development (RD) offices in at least 24 states across the country even though Congress traditionally has blocked USDA from closing local service centers.
Instead of officially closing the offices, DOGE had the General Services Administration (GSA) cancel the leases for the offices, which GSA maintains it has authority to do.
At least 13 local FSA offices are losing their leases, along with more than 30 NRCS offices.
Members of Congress have aggressively defended against efforts to close local offices. In hearings last month, members of the House and Senate Agriculture Committees had made it clear they oppose closing any local FSA offices.
On Feb. 27, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins announced Tom Schultz will serve as the 21st chief of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Upon being sworn in, Schultz will replace Chief Randy Moore, who recently announced his retirement in a message to all USFS employees after serving the agency for over four decades.
“I’m incredibly grateful for the opportunity to be the next chief of USFS. I will work tirelessly to further support and protect our rural communities,” said Schultz.
The USFS chief is responsible for the leadership and success in accomplishing the mission of USFS.
Established in 1905, USFS manages 154 national forests and 20 grasslands across 43 states and is the foremost leader in federal forest management, research and development and wildland firefighting.
The University of Wyoming (UW) Extension Sheep Task Force wrapped up its three-part Predator Management Webinar Mini Series on March 11 with a third installment focused on the economics of predation and available resources for producers at the state and county levels.
The seminar was moderated by UW Extension Agriculture and Natural Resources Educator Jedidiah Hewlett and featured three guest speakers including UW Extension Agriculture Systems Specialist Chance Marshall, UW Extension Livestock Production and Marketing Specialist Rob Ziegler and Wyoming Wool Growers Association (WWGA) Executive Director Alison Borcher.
During his portion of the presentation, Ziegler provided an analysis of the economic impacts of predators on Wyoming’s sheep industry.
To start, he noted direct loss, such as death loss or loss of future revenue, may be some of the more obvious impacts.
He cited U.S. Department of Agriculture data showing about 1,100 head of sheep attributed to predator loss in the state of Wyoming alone, with coyotes causing the most trouble.
On the other hand, indirect costs may be more challenging to quantify and, in some cases, may outweigh direct losses.
He said this includes things like reproductive failure, increased labor, extended grazing distribution, loss of home-raised genetics and peace of mind.
Another indirect cost
may include on-ranch predator management strategies, such as livestock guardian animals.
Ziegler presented a cost analysis he put together on livestock guardian dogs (LGD) and burros.
He found an LGD with a purchase price of $473, annual feed costs of $139 and a rough veterinary medicine estimate of $100 per year totals an estimated $712.
“I’ve heard some mixed reviews about purchasing or adopting burros. I’ve heard the Bureau of Land Management will actually pay individuals, in some instances, to adopt a burro, so in this case, I called the purchase price negligible,” he explained. “I may be a bit critical on how much a burro will eat, but I have horses here at 1.25 animal unit months so, annually, I am figuring $375 in feed.”
Ziegler also included an annual veterinary medicine cost of $113, which includes a five-way vaccine and biennial teeth floating, therefore totaling $488.
He then compared this to the number of lambs a livestock guardian animal would need to save every year to cover their annual cost and found it would take three and three-quarters lambs to cover the cost of a LGD and two and a half lambs to cover the cost of a burro.
On this note, Ziegler referred to data shared in an earlier webinar of the series, which found predator loss reduced by more than half at the UW Laramie Research and Extension Center’s (LREC) Sheep Unit after implementing burros into their flocks.
“I will say, this was not
a controlled research experiment. It was just anecdotal evidence we collected, and there are a lot of variables that went in to this,” he stated. “During the first two years, LREC did not have burros and saw losses of about 62 head, but when they added the burros, losses went down to 27 head over another two-year period.”
“Relatively speaking, they ran on an average of 200 acres with 350 sheep, so they saved, annually, about 17.5 ewes. Divided across four burros, this comes to just over four ewes per burro,” he continued. “If we assume ewes weighed 120 pounds at $2.20 a pound, it equates to $265 per ewe, and if we multiply this by about 4.375 ewes per burro, we see an estimated savings of around $1,150. Then, if we take those savings and subtract our costs, it brings us to an annual net of around $671.”
Ziegler concluded, “Predator impact appears to be increasing over time at about 1,100 head per year in losses attributed to predators in Wyoming. However, it appears as though current management practices are effective – whether it is wildlife services or some kind of anecdotal evidence – and finally, predator management goes beyond death loss when we consider some of the indirect costs like peace of mind.”
County resources
As a long-time member of the Fremont County Predator Board, Marshall highlighted work done by county boards and how they benefit livestock producers.
“The goal of a county predator board – at least, the goal of ours – is to manage all predators which adversely affect wildlife,
livestock and human health and safety,” Marshall stated.
He noted a lot of time is spent with producers, offering support and compensating losses, especially during crucial times of the year like lambing and calving seasons.
“We also do some work with wildlife – things people wouldn’t think could be a human health and safety issue like bird, raven and crow control,” he added.
County predator boards also work closely with county trappers and oversee an annual budget awarded through state funding by the Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board (ADMB).
Marshall explained this funding is generated through a one-dollar-per-head fee paid by producers who, in return, receive the ADMB and county board’s services.
Additionally, Marshall pointed out, because of Wyoming’s long list of predatory species, the county board utilizes a host of different strategies in the air and on the ground to control coyotes, wolves, bears, mountain lions, foxes, eagles, crows and ravens, among other species.
He continued, “Fremont County is one of the counties that still has a bounty program in place, so if someone in the community takes a coyote, they get paid $25. We just have to have someone from our board confirm the kill. This program has worked really well for us.”
To wrap up, Marshall encouraged any produc-
ers experiencing problems with predators – especially as they lamb their ewes and calve their cows – to reach out to their county board.
State resources
At the state level, producers have the support of the Wyoming Association of County Predatory Animal Boards, where Borcher recently assumed the position of executive director in January.
Borcher explained the association was formed in 2004 out of necessity when the state underwent deep budget cuts which threatened ADMB funding.
“There was no one to formally lobby at the state level for counties and their predator boards, so landowners stepped in and banded together, making the argument the state owns the wildlife and they should have some stake at the state level in funding predatory management,” she shared.
Today, the association
works closely with WWGA to promote and support the management of predatory animals and wild game across Wyoming, with 19 of the state’s 23 counties paying in to its services.
In account of the other four, Borcher said one doesn’t have an active predator board and the other three pay a reduced perhead fee.
She added, “The association and WWGA have always shared the executive director position because there is a lot of overlap. The lines between wildlife services, predator boards, WWGA and the association get blurred, which is why the shared executive director position is essential for communication’s sake, from the producer all the way to the federal level.”
Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.
next couple of years.
Key considerations
According to Berger, should drought conditions persist, producers who consider options early and are prepared to act will be in the best position to utilize available opportunities.
It’s essential for producers to evaluate both the quantity and quality of feed inventory available, as this assessment will help ensure optimal feeding practices and ultimately enhance overall outcomes.
“Identify what will be needed for feed to delay grass turnout or to drylot cows in to the summer if adequate precipitation doesn’t occur,” he suggests.
Evaluating feeding options for the cow herd over a prolonged period of time enables producers to gather logistics to assess costs.
Berger notes producers should choose an area to sacrifice when feeding cows and/or pairs later in the spring and in to the summer, ensuring they stay off of drought-stressed pastures.
Producers are encouraged to proactively purchase or secure a portion of necessary feed supplies while they are readily available.
They are also encouraged to plant annual forages in the spring on dryland or irrigated acres as a source of grazing or harvested feed.
Berger states, “Producers should identify cows who should be the first to leave if feed is short to reduce feed needs.”
Another option to reduce forage demands on pastures is to plan for early weaning and feed calves off site.
Plan now
In another March UNL article, UNL Extension Range and Forage Specialist
Jerry Volesky writes, “We are a few weeks away from another growing season, and who knows how much moisture lies ahead. Drought is likely to be a problem again this summer.”
Since hay can be expensive when pastures are short, it’s important for producers to find ways to minimize damage to rangelands
and pastures during periods of below-average rainfall.
Luckily, early spring is an ideal time to implement strategies to help mitigate some of the issues caused by drought.
“For starters, prepare a strategy for using any remaining hay. One of the better options is to feed hay longer in to spring before turning cows out to permanent pasture,” he states. “This action is exactly the opposite of the usual recommendation to graze more and feed less hay.”
Allowing pastures to grow more before grazing begins can lead to a greater total amount of forage available, especially if drought conditions limit regrowth later in the season.
Additionally, any leftover hay can be utilized during the growing season to give pastures extra time to recover between grazing sessions.
Volesky suggests planting annual forages to provide additional pasture or hay. Annual cool-season forages are planted mid-March to early April. Oats are prob-
ably the most common coolseason annual forage to plant, especially in Nebraska.
“Spring triticale or spring barley are two other small grain options which have been found to perform similarly to oats in terms of forage yield and quality,” Berger states.
He also mentions, with an early spring planting date of cool-season annuals, grazing can typically begin around the third or fourth week of May and last in to early July.
Volesky notes, “If grazing is a primary goal, Italian ryegrass could be included in a mix with cereal grains which will result in a longer grazing period. Field peas are another species that could be included to enhance forage quality for hay or silage and provide some nitrogen fixation.”
Warm-season or summer annual grasses are the other group of forages which could be seeded for grazing or cut for forage.
While producers have various options for securing feed solutions during drought conditions, it all depends on their specific circumstances and outcomes.
“There are seven different types of major summer annual forage grasses,” Volesky adds. “These include sudangrass, sorghum-sudan hybrids, forage sorghum, foxtail millet, pearl millet, Japanese millet and teff, and each one has its own strengths and weaknesses.”
As an example, if a producer is looking to develop a pasture, sudangrass or pearl millet is suggested, as
both are leafy and regrow rapidly.
However, Volesky reminds producers, if the rain doesn’t come, planning and acting now to make up for forage losses from pasture due to drought does pay off.
Melissa Anderson is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.
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Wyoming lawmakers answered demands by the animal rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) to remove the iconic bucking horse from the state’s license plate, and it wasn’t the answer PETA was hoping for.
PETA made a request last June to Senate President Ogden Driskill (R-S01) and then House Speaker Albert Sommers (R-H20) requesting Wyoming residents have the choice to opt out of having to buy a license plate with the bucking horse logo on their vehicles. The group claims the bucking horse is representative of rodeo which they believe is cruel, making the iconic design a “rodeo-glorifying” design and a promotion of animal cruelty.
Sen. Brian Boner (R-S02) sponsored Senate File (SF) 0121, which creates a rodeo license plate and allows Wyomingites to donate $20 or more to collegiate rodeo programs at the University of Wyoming and community colleges in the state that field teams.
“They’re concerned about rodeo, so we thought we’d send a message we support rodeo as the official state sport of Wyoming. We’re going to have a license plate to commemorate this,” Boner said.
PETA suggested Steamboat, a design dating back to the early 1900s including by troops from the Wyoming National Guard fighting in France and Germany during World War I, should be replaced by a triceratops skull.
Gov. Mark Gordon drew applause when he signed the bill into law and told the crowd, “Let’s go, let’s show, let’s rodeo.”
our economy, and it is a renewable industry.
U.S. agriculture should not be compromised. It is the cornerstone of our culture and financial system. Over 22 million jobs are related directly to agriculture. American farmers contribute more than $170 billion in renewable wealth annually. They provide food, fiber and security for the citizens of this great nation.
Believe me when I say no foreign country will provide the safe, bountiful and affordable food like our own American farmers, who feed U.S. military, seniors, children and all American citizens.
The farm family was the basic unit shaping life in America. The farm bill has been designed to assist the American public.
Please bear in mind, U.S. agriculture must be treated as one, united industry. We must make sure all producers are treated fairly in the upcoming farm bill. It is because of our farmers that America is the food basket of the world.
Klodette Stroh is the sugar chairman for Women Involved in Farm Economics. She can be reached at strohfarms@tritel.net.
which runs from March 17-21.
The Agriculture Council of America
Tasked with conducting the National Ag Day program each year in March, the Agriculture Council of America (ACA) is an organization composed of leaders in agriculture, food and fiber who are dedicated to increasing public awareness of agriculture’s vital role in the U.S.
According to the National Ag Day website, ACA is a nonprofit 501(c)(6) organization which receives funding donations from multiple companies, associations, foundations and individuals.
The website further notes ACA believes every American should “understand how food and fiber products are produced; appreciate the role agriculture plays in providing safe, abundant and affordable products; value the essential role of agriculture in maintaining a strong economy and acknowledge and consider career opportunities in the agriculture, food and fiber industry.”
The 2025 celebration In honor of this year’s
affair, ACA will host several events both online and in person.
To kick off the celebration, ag enthusiasts will gather on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Whitten Patio in Washington, D.C. for Ag Day at USDA, featuring guest speakers U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins and American Farm Bureau Federation President Zippy Duvall, as well as a student panel discussion.
Festivities will continue with the Celebration of National Ag Day in the Russell Senate Office Building from 5:30 to 8 p.m.
Both events will be livestreamed free of charge through the Ag Day Virtual Event.
ACA notes the nationwide effort will work to share real stories of American agriculture and remind all citizens agriculture affects everyone in some way.
“From the food we eat and the fuel burned in our vehicles to the fiber in the clothes we wear and the oil used to make kids’ crayons, agriculture touches everyone in some way,” says ACA President Jenny Pick-
• 1.9 million farms dot America’s rural landscape and 95 percent are family owned
• Family farms and ranches account for 90 percent of total agricultural production value
• Farm and ranch families comprise less than two percent of the U.S. population
• On average, one U.S. farm feeds 169 perople annually in the U.S. and abroad
• Nine percent of U.S. producers are serving or have served in the military
• Women make up 36 percent of the total number of U.S. farm operators, and 58 percent of all farms have at least one female decision maker
• Farming accounts for about one percent of the U.S. gross domestic product
• About 20 percent of U.S. ag products, by value, are exported each year
• In 2023, $174.9 billion worth of America agricultural products were exported around the world
• One acre of land can grow a variety of crops, including 50,000 pounds of strawberries or 2,784 pounds – 46.4 bushels – of wheat
• Cattle and calves, corn and soybeans are the nation’s top three ag products
• Many Americans celebrate holidays with food, spending a total of nearly $14 billion each year
• The pounds of feed a dairy cow needs to eat to produce 100 pounds of milk has decreased by more than 40 percent, on average, in the last 40 years
• One day’s production for a high-producing dairy cow yields 4.8 pounds of butter, 8.7 gallons of ice cream or 10.5 pounds of cheese
• The global population is expected to increase by 1.8 billion by 2050, which means the world’s producers will have to increase total annual grain production by almost one billion tons and total meat production by more than 200 million tons
• In 2022, a total 153,101 operations used renewable-energy-producing systems compared to 57,299 –a 167 percent increase in 10 years
• Careful stewardship by America’s food producers has spurred a 34 percent decline in erosion of cropland by wind and water since 1982
• More than one-half of America’s farmers intentionally provide habitat for wildlife
• Americans enjoy a food supply that is abundant, affordable and among the world’s safest, thanks in large part to the efficiency and productivity of America’s farm and ranch families For more information about National Ag Day or to register for the day’s events, visit agday.org.
ett in a Nov. 19, 2024 press release. Additionally, on March 17, prior to National Ag Day, Agri-Pulse will host the 2025 Ag and Food Policy Summit in Washington, D.C. from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. The event’s jampacked agenda features panels on transforming agri-
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Rollins will provide the luncheon keynote address and the day will wrap up with the Agri-Pulse Customer Appreciation Reception. Hannah Bugas is the managing editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.
By Averi Reynolds, Northern Plains Regional Climate Hub
National Weather Service Tool Helps Protect Newborn
“In like a lion, out like a lamb” is a centuries-old proverb illustrating the typical weather pattern for March – winter persists towards the beginning of the month, and by the end of the month, warmer spring days have arrived.
But, across the Northern Plains Region, the lamb might not make its appearance until April or May.
With the possibility of spring storms for a few more months, while calves are hitting the ground, having advanced warning of weather conditions which
could be dangerous for newborn livestock can help producers prepare. The National Weather Service (NWS) provides a Cold Advisory for Newborn Livestock (CANL) tool designed to signal when upcoming weather conditions could be dangerous for newborn livestock.
Cold Advisory for Newborn Livestock CANL was developed by the NWS forecasting office in Glasgow, Mont., along with research partners at the University of Miami and the University of Delaware.
To view the National Weather Service’s Cold Advisory for Newborn Livestock forecast maps, visit weather.gov/cys/ newbornlivestock.
Drs. Larry Kalkstein and Katrina Frank used their backgrounds in biometeorology – the study of how weather impacts humans –and animal bioclimatology – the study of how the physical environment affects animals – to help create the CANL tool.
Scientists also worked with ranching communities in northern states to determine which weather elements posed the greatest risk to young calves exposed to hazardous conditions. The NWS then based their forecasting criteria on wind chill, presence of rain or snow, humidity, sunny or cloudy conditions and any combination of these elements.
CANL forecasts have a six-category scale, with risk to newborn livestock ranging from none to extreme. For example, a moderate CANL forecast is triggered by a wind chill of less than zero degrees Fahrenheit for two or more hours or a combination of wind chill less than 36 degrees Fahrenheit and 0.02 inches of precipitation.
Maps displaying the forecasted risk categories can be found at local NWS Weather Forecast Office websites including in Aber-
None: Wind chill above 41 degrees Fahrenheit
Slight: Wind chill less than 41 degrees Fahrenheit for two or more hours
Mild: Wind chill less than 32 degrees Fahrenheit for two or more hours
Moderate: Wind chill less than zero degrees Fahrenheit for two or more hours or wind chill less than 36 degrees Fahrenheit and 0.02 inches of precipitation
Severe: Wind chill of nine degrees below zero or colder for two or more hours or wind chill of less than 34 degrees Fahrenheit and 0.05 inches of precipitation
Extreme: Wind chill of -18 degrees Fahrenheit or colder for two or more hours or wind chill less than 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 0.1 inches of precipitation
deen, S.D.; Billings, Mont.; Bismarck, N.D.; Cheyenne; Glasgow, Mont.; Great Falls, Mont.; Pendleton, Ore. and Pocatello, Idaho. Continued conditions monitoring As spring takes shape, the Wyoming Conditions Monitoring Team (WCMT)
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Cold advisory – This Cold Advisory for Newborn Livestock (CANL) forecast map from the National Weather Service (NWS) Regional Office in Cheyenne shows categorized risk to newborn livestock. This map was accessed March 5 as an example of a 36-hour CANL forecast for winter storms, which moved into the region on March 6. Additional maps on the CANL tool’s webpage include windchill, precipitation and cloud cover forecasts. NWS graphic
continues to host monthly Wyoming Conditions and Outlooks webinars, which share current conditions including drought, temperature, precipitation, soil moisture and streamflows across the state.
Webinars also share short-term outlooks, such as temperature, precipitation, wildland fire potential, grassland productivity and more.
The Wyoming Conditions and Outlooks webinars are a resource for service providers, producers and land managers to help inform upcoming management decisions.
The next Wyoming Conditions and Outlooks webinar is March 21 at 1 p.m. To be added to the contact list for WCMT, visit bit.
ly/4bGCv8v. Learn more about the monthly webinars and other resources available from WCMT at drought.wyo.gov
Averi Reynolds is an ORISE science communications fellow for the U.S. Department of Agricultureʼs (USDA) Northern Plains Climate Hub, serving Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota and North Dakota. The USDA Northern Plains Climate Hub strives to provide research-based information and support for ranchers, farmers and foresters to help increase their operations’ resilience to weather variability. For more information on the Northern Plains Climate Hub, visit climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/ northern-plains
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By Paul Dykstra
Total beef cattle harvest during the first full week of March was up 12,000 head from the prior week at 578,000 head, 6,000 head fewer than the same week last year.
In the past three years, federally-inspected cattle harvest has increased from March 1 through the middle of June. This corresponds with increasing beef demand as grilling season develops.
Just ahead of St. Patrick’s Day, there are a number of weeks ahead before spring demand begins in earnest.
Carcass quality trends on the uptick Spot fed cattle prices
remained unchanged through most of the week, but the March 7 trade sparked values higher. The summary for the week featured live prices in the north at $200 to $202 per hundredweight (cwt) and $315 per cwt dressed. The southern market traded primarily at $197 per cwt, culminating in a fivearea weighted average of $199.97 per cwt.
Carcass weights made a significant turnaround in latest confirmed data for the week of Feb. 17. Steer carcasses averaged 949 pounds – a nine-pound decline on the week – while heifers dropped 10 pounds to average 866 pounds.
Extreme cold and precipitation were likely the primary contributors to the decline. Combined steer and heifer carcass weights are down 37 pounds year to date.
Urner Barry cutout values indicate lower prices during the first full week of March, but U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) weighted average prices noted slightly higher prices, up just over one dollar per cwt on average.
Earlier this week, prices continued to drift higher, confirming the short-term turnaround.
Carcass quality trends are on the uptick, with historical expectations to see marbling trends top out for the year this month. The latest USDA Choice percentage is 73 percent, just half a point below a year ago, while USDA Prime is fractionally higher than a year ago at 10.9 percent of fed steers and heifers.
The proportion of Angus-type carcasses quali-
fying for the brand has been up and down in 2025. Yet, as expected, Certified Angus Beef (CAB) qualification has been trending higher within seasonal patterns.
Similar to annual quality grade trends, the brand’s acceptance rate tends to find the annual high in March each year. With the brand’s 43 percent acceptance rate
marking a new all-time record, the latest highlight in production trends rounds out February.
Chuck and round cutout contribution
When talking about highly-marbled CAB brand beef cuts, individuals typically think of ribeyes, tenderloins and strip steaks. These are among a class of beef cuts which enjoy the limelight and capture tremendous consumer demand.
As well, these cuts enjoy the largest premium markups of any subprimal from USDA Select up through USDA Choice, Premium Choice CAB and CAB Prime.
In the past two years, the chuck and round carcass primals have edged their way upward, relative to their contribution to total carcass value. One of the primary reasons for this is the decline in domestic supply of lean grinding beef from cull cows.
In 2022, U.S. cow harvest reached a peak for the cycle as drought pushed producers to send cows to town in volume. The culling trend continued, and the declining cow inventory pulled total weekly cow slaughter 21 percent smaller in 2024 than that of 2022.
This was one major factor pushing 90 percent lean grinding beef prices up 26.5 percent over the two-year period.
In 2024, average wholesale and retail beef prices saw net increases across all quality grade and brand classes. Yet the contribution to total carcass value from each of the primals shifted around the carcass in response to tighter lean ground beef supplies.
This condition remains a factor in the current market as chuck shoulder clods and round knuckles, for instance, show continued price strength.
In the fed cattle supply,
this is not just a phenomenon reserved for leaner USDA Select grade carcasses.
The 2024 CAB brand cutout trend featured the loin primal contributing 27.8 percent of the total carcass value, slightly less than the 29.5 percent contribution in 2023. The rib primal similarly pulled back from 19.1 percent in 2023 to 18.2 percent of value contribution last year.
Picking up the slack in 2024, the CAB chuck primal contribution increased to 24.9 percent of total value, a 1.7 point increase. The CAB round primal increased nearly the same as the chuck, up 1.4 points to average 18.4 percent of total carcass value last year.
This trend is not necessarily an indication of poor middle meat demand, rather it’s a reflection of a slight uptick in demand for end meats which are lean enough to be used as substitutions for grinders. These shifts aren’t expected to be permanent but are more likely to remain in place as long as domestic cow harvest remains historically low.
Carcass premiums garnered through the CAB brand continue to extend their reach across the entire carcass.
The premium derived from the CAB chuck moved up to $13.52 per cwt above USDA Choice in 2024, a $3.86 cwt increase in two years. The CAB round premium was $9.01 per cwt over Choice last year, $1.46 per cwt higher than the prior year but similar to the spread observed in 2022. Comparatively, the Choice-Select price spread for the chuck was $2.44 per cwt in 2024, with the price spread for the round primal at $2.57 per cwt.
Paul Dykstra is the director of supply management and analysis at CAB. He can be reached at pdykstra@certifiedangusbeef.com.
During the 2025 Wyoming Legislative Session, leaders reviewed various property tax bills, which included Senate File (SF) 0069, House Bill (HB) 0282 and HB0012.
Recently, the Wyoming Senate and House reached an agreement on a SF0069, and on Feb. 27, the Joint Conference Committee (JCC) approved the measure for consideration by the full legislature, before it was ready for Gov. Mark Gordon’s signature.
On March 4, Gordon signed SF0069, stating, “I have always supported tax accountability, and this bill provides tax relief without transferring the burden to our core energy industry.”
He adds, “This act, coupled with the bills I signed last year, responds to the call for property tax relief. Now the practical impacts of this legislation will need to be navigated by our cities, counties, special districts and citizens.”
SF0069 will provide a 25 percent property tax exemption on the first $1 million of a single-family home’s fair market value, does not have a sunset date and will take effect immediately, with an owner-occupied requirement beginning in the second year.
A work in progress SF0069, referred to as the homeowner property tax exemption bill, has seen a variety of modifications since it was introduced at the beginning of this legislative session.
Initially, the measure aimed to reduce property taxes by 50 percent on all residential homes and related properties, with a cap at $1 million in assessed value, but it faced concern from county officials.
The purpose of the bill was to alleviate the financial burden on Wyoming residents, many of whom have experienced nearly double property taxes since 2019.
The bill passed the third reading in the Senate in a 23-to-eight vote before heading to the House where it passed in a 42-to-19 vote in the third reading, pushing it to the JCC.
As deadlines approached, a joint conference committee consisting of three Wyoming senators and three representatives were unable to reach an agreement on the property tax cut measure.
The Senate position on the bill had been a 50 percent tax cut without backfill, to sunset in two years, while the House had inserted over $200 million from state savings to make up for lost revenue to cities, towns and counties who depend on property tax revenue for local services, including a 25 percent cut in perpetuity without a sunset date.
Additionally, the proposal did not include a sunset clause, although the cuts
might need to be repealed based on the results of a 2026 ballot initiative aimed at reducing homeowners’ property taxes by 50 percent.
During the JCC meeting on Feb. 27, Sen. Tim Salazar (R-S26) states, “It has been clear from the very beginning the people of Wyoming wanted property tax relief.”
He continues, “This is about one of the most important issues in the legislature, and I want to compliment the House because I know they also wanted property tax relief.”
House Majority Floor Leader Rep. Scott Heiner (R-H18) spoke during the JCC meeting, noting the House Republican Caucus met to discuss SF0069 and would like to offer up a proposal.
“We also ran a bunch of numbers based on the proposal offered, and we would like to accept the Senate’s position,” Heiner states. “But we would like to ask to amend the bill to include $15 million of backfill for special districts in the first year, such as hospital and fire protection districts, who will be hardest hit by the property tax reduction.”
Salazar rebuts, “We don’t feel the backfill is needed. The bill originally proposed a 50 percent property tax exemption. Now we’re at 25 percent, and we feel, at 25 percent, the hit is negligible.”
“This is something that provides immediate tax relief. It is important we do something this year and not kick the can down the road,” Heiner states. “So rather than lose the bill, we will withdraw our backfill proposal and go with the Senate position.”
Inside the bill
SF0069 includes provisions for active members of the military. It is not available to anyone who receives the long-term homeowner property tax exemption the legislature passed last year and is available to residents who have occupied the property for eight months.
“One of the reasons we came down for this session was to give property tax relief to our constituency,” Salazar states. “This is a means to do it. It’s substantive. They will feel the benefits this year. I think it’s a win for the people of Wyoming.”
SF0069 underwent significant amendments during its progression to become law, a major point of contention was whether to reimburse counties for lost tax revenues, referred to as a backfill.
In the end, the bill did not allocate any funds to compensate for these losses to the counties.
Melissa Anderson is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.
average streamflow yields from all basins in Wyoming – except the Upper Green River, Lower Green River, Little Snake River and Cheyenne River basins – at 96 percent of median.
For these three exceptions, median streamflow yields are predicted to respectively average 93, 96, 87 and 82 percent of median for April through July.
According to USDA NRCS, median stream-
flow yields expected across individual basins in Wyoming include the Powder River Basin at 82 percent, the Tongue River Basin at 87 percent, the Yellowstone River Basin at 90 percent, the Lower North Platte River Basin at 91 percent and the Upper North Platte River Basin at 95 percent.
The Snake River, Shoshone River, Laramie River and Sweetwater River basins are forecast to yield 98, 99, 109 and
On March 4, the National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG) welcomed its new officer team at Commodity Classic 2025 in Denver. These officers will begin their one-year terms, continuing NAWG’s mission to promote the needs of the nation’s wheat growers.
Pat Clements of Kentucky will
110 percent, respectively.
Reservoir storage
USDA NRCS further notes reservoir storage across the entire state of Wyoming averaged 87 percent of median.
Reservoirs reporting numbers below median include those in the Wind River Basin at 82 percent, the Buffalo Bill Reservoir on the Shoshone River at 85 percent and reservoirs in the Cheyenne River basin at 87 percent.
Reservoirs in the Lower North Platte River Basin, Belle Fourche River Basin, Upper North
serve as president, Jamie Kress of Idaho will serve as vice president, Nathan Keane of Montana will serve as treasurer and Chris Tanner of Kansas will serve as secretary. Keeff Felty of Oklahoma will take on the role of past president.
These officers were elected on Jan. 16 during NAWG’s annual meet-
Platte River Basin and Big Horn River Basin were also below median, with storage at 90, 93, 94 and 96 percent of median, respectively.
Three basins – the Lower Green, Upper Green and Snake – had reservoirs reporting numbers at and above median, at 100 percent, 101 percent and 103 percent, respectively.
Hannah Bugas is the managing editor for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.
ing in Washington, D.C.
“We are excited to have these dedicated and strong leaders serving on the NAWG officer team,” said NAWG Chief Executive Officer Chandler Goule. “Their combined experience and passion will help us continue to build a better future for wheat growers and rural America.”
The 2025 Green River Valley Cattlemen’s Association (GRVCA) opened its annual meeting on March 1 with the appearance of U.S. Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY). He was followed by speakers who provided updates in vet medicine, marketing, winter chill, hay analysis, current legislation and the Pinedale FFA.
Senator’s remarks
Barrasso reviewed the current list of President Donald J. Trump’s secretarial appointees, including former North Dakota Governor and new U.S. Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum, whom he said “is terrific for ag.”
He also cited Elon Musk for cutting federal and civil government agencies and employees.
Barrasso told the group he has received e-mails about certain employee terminations that affect the livestock industry.
“Things are being shaken up in Washington, D.C. right now,” he said. “If you see
someone has been terminated, let us know. Overall, better days are just ahead.”
The U.S. farm bill is extended until October, and under the U.S. Department of Government Efficiency, some benefit programs’ budgets will be cut or reduced, he explained.
Barrasso discussed the Bureau of Land Management’s Rock Springs Resource Management Plan and talked about his personal experience witnessing last summer’s huge wildfires.
“There needs to be strings attached,” he said. “We can’t just do the same old thing and be fine.”
He invited people to visit Washington, D.C. and meet with him, U.S. Sen. Cynthia Lummis and House Rep. Harriet Hageman (both R-WY).
Barrasso then fielded questions from the audience before GRVCA President Kristy Wardell introduced a variety of speakers and Vice President Walden Campbell kept an eye on the clock.
Market forecast
First up was University of Wyoming (UW) Extension Livestock Production and Marketing Specialist Rob Ziegler with a beef market outlook, thoroughly covering past and present cattle futures, inventory, markets and trends.
Drought, employment, inflation, tariffs and interest rates will be factors in hay, alfalfa and corn production and prices but they currently look favorable.
“The long-term trend is going up overall,” he said. “If feed prices rise, though, it might slow down a little.”
“It may be a good time to think about a drought contingency plan and have a little extra hay on hand,” he added, noting hay prices generally rise for the first cutting and rose to $250 a ton in 2023.
On Feb. 14, good alfalfa hay prices averaged $140 a ton.
These factors can also affect producers’ pricing and planning, although con-
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U.S. Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY) spoke at length at the Green River Valley Cattlemen’s Association meeting on March 1 at the Marbleton Town Hall.
When asked for an overview of his message for Wyoming agriculture, Barrasso stated, “Wyoming ranchers and cattlemen are the cornerstone of our state’s agriculture industry. Making sure they have the support they need is one of my top priorities in the U.S. Senate. I am committed to working with the Trump administration to ensure we have a balance allowing Wyoming –not Washington, D.C. – to drive policy affecting our industries.”
When asked for his stance on sweeping cuts made by the U.S. Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), Barrasso responded, “President Donald J. Trump is right to rein in wasteful Washington, D.C. spending and increase the
sumer demand remains constant, with Americans’ per capita beef consumption around 60 pounds for 2024, he said.
Ziegler noted, in January, 39 percent of cattle on feed were heifers, indi-
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efficiency and effectiveness of the federal government. We need to cut wasteful and duplicative spending to protect American taxpayers.”
“At the same time, we are working with the administration to make sure key personnel and programs, basic government functions and public safety and health are not compromised,” he continued. “I am committed to ensuring any communities in Wyoming impacted by the proposed cuts have a seat at the table. I have made it my priority to make sure the administration knows how important it is to keep our national parks, forests and federal lands adequately staffed. I will continue to work with the Trump administration to make sure the right personnel and public safety officials, like our wildland firefighters, are protected and have a voice during this process.”
cating producers are not currently rebuilding their herds. From 2019-23, heifer slaughter averaged 823,000 a year and in 2024, this number rose to 833,000.
In 2024, steers averaged 931 pounds and heifers 848 pounds.
“The beef industry can give itself a pat on the back,” he said. Heifer program
Alongside the Green River Valley Cowbelles/ Cattlewomen (GRVC), GRVCA is sponsoring the second year of special replacement heifer categories at the Sublette County Fair, GRVCA’s Audra Rouge reported.
This complements the Sublette County Fair’s market steer special contests and encourages local youth to continue another year with a heifer and her first calf.
In 2024, donors included GRVC, GRVCA, Pinedale FFA Alumni and Farm Credit Services of America. Last year, Matazi Landers took the top heifer award at the fair, while Shane Rogers was second and Mesa Landers was third, with a total cash payout of $1,500.
This year’s contest will take place on the Wednesday of fair week with payouts of $1,830 and buckles for the top replacement heifers and the top firstcalf heifers. Marsha Barlow requested a special buckle for the top interviewee.
This year, nine first-calf heifers and nine replacement heifers are tagged for the summer contests, Rouge reported.
Hay analysis
UW Extension Educator Dagan Montgomery reviewed the value of cattle hay analyses and seasonal cattle feeding needs.
Having hay analyzed can determine which supplements cattle might need to digest added nutrients.
“Certain minerals can antagonize other minerals when their concentration is too high,” he said.
Cold weather, especially with the recent wind chill, means bred cows need more nutrition, he said.
For example, feeding extra to a 1,200-pound mature, average-coat, bred cow in 23 degree Fahrenheit weather should start ahead of calving and 90 days after. This comes to 24.2 pounds of hay a day. Montgomery asked area hay growers to participate in the Sublette Hay Quality Survey. Producers can submit their hay analyses, species and irrigation details confidentially to the Sublette County Extension Office to expand the database, he said.
Legislation Wyoming Stock Growers Association (WSGA) Executive Vice President Jim Magagna provided legislative updates current as
of the morning of March 1.
“The Wyoming Legislature started with about 500 bills, which is more than I’ve seen in years,” he said. “Bills have fallen by the wayside by incredible numbers. The list of bills that went nowhere is the longest I’ve seen in 26 years. Right now, there are more than 150 bills still in process.”
This legislative session was meant to address the state’s supplemental budget between two budget years but went in many directions.
WSGA supported House Bill 0275 “as amended,” referring to legislation to rectify the many people protesting the snowmobilewolf-killing incident in Sublette County last year.
It would “prohibit the torture or mutilation of wildlife, including predators, after being reduced to possession. The immediate killing of such wildlife would make a second violation a felony and includes loss of hunting privileges,” according to Magagna’s 2025 Bill Review and Status.
“I recieved up to 260 e-mails from people globally complaining about how Wyoming treats animals,” Magagna said. “If you run over a predator intentionally, you have the obligation to put it down. If you have possession of them, you have to kill them.”
The bill called for the first offense to be a misdemeanor with maximum $1,000 fines and six months in jail. A second offense
would be a felony with maximum $10,000 fines and five years in jail.
“Until the last day of this session, we don’t know where it will stand,” Magagna said. “I can’t imagine anyone foolish enough to do that a second time.”
If the bill doesn’t survive this session, it could become an interim topic with a lot of public pressure towards snowmobiling over animals in Wyoming, he said.
“The issue is not going to disappear,” Magagna concluded.
Bull health
Chad Pelensky of the Uinta Veterinary Hospital advised producers to have all bulls undergo bull breeding soundness exams (BSE) annually to determine which are sub-fertile and costing them lost revenue.
A BSE is much more than a semen test, and should include evaluation of the feet, eyes, scrotum, sheath, injuries and other conditions making it unlikely a bull can breed successfully.
Sub-fertile bulls will usually breed a cow late – after her second cycle. Their sperm might not have the same speed and forward motility needed to impregnate, he added.
His next message was about pinkeye, a painful central corneal ulcer that turns off buyers and causes feeder cattle to lose weight. If cattle are injected with one pinkeye vaccine, it
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could battle with endotoxins in scours and respiratory medicines, for example, at the same time and can really knock an animal down.
As for New World screwworm, Pelensky related how the livestock flesh-eating parasite was thwarted by releasing irradiated sterile male flies.
Cattle Drive Video Market
Producer Jeff Barry introduced himself as an entrepreneurial cattle buyer with the new Cattle Drive Video Market and private treaty sales.
He cited a 1.5 percent commission and $100 perhead down payment on sold cattle. The entity sold 103,000 head as of the meeting.
Barry said he is not trying to take other buyers’ customers away.
“I want a customer who needs a change. You might not like my price, but I will call you back,” he said. “Sublette County cattle are very desirable.”
“Sublette County is in a
Equine medical researchers have discovered the intestinal tract plays a crucial role in a horse’s overall health, and they are focusing on the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
Shortly after it is born, a foal begins to develop its microbial foundation, which is shaped by its environment and the influence of its mother.
As the foal grows, additional elements of this microbial blueprint are established, and research indicates, early in life, the fecal microbiome of the foal is significantly different from its mother.
However, within a short period of time, the microbial profiles of the mare and foal become quite similar.
Research has shown every part of a horse’s gastrointestinal tract has a unique microbiome, which consists of specific populations of microorganisms.
As studies have progressed, the connection between the microbiome and overall health has become increasingly evident.
Changes in the microbiome have been linked to various health issues, including laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome, colitis, colic and inflammatory bowel disease.
Even more intriguing is the discovery of complex communication pathways between the host – the horse
– and the microbes within its gut.
This communication is highlighted by the microbiome’s influence on immune function, inflammation and cognitive function and behavior.
Researching microbiome
According to research, a horse’s gastrointestinal microbiome is the community of microorganisms living in its digestive tract.
This microbiome, which consists of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses, is essential for a horse’s digestion, metabolism and immune system.
“These intestinal microbial residents affect local mucosal immunity, produce short-chain fatty acids for energy and develop tolerance to antigens,” states a Feb. 18
EquiManagment article by Veterinarian Dr. Nancy Loving. “As a whole, these features help define a horse’s well-being.”
Loving states, “Immune modulation in the horse’s intestines accounts for 60 percent of the body’s immune function, signifying a balanced microbiome and its bacterial byproducts are essential for metabolic health, while the gut-brain axis significantly influences a horse’s behavior.”
Researchers have now expanded their studies to explore the metabolic effects
of gut microbiota.
“While the diversity of bacterial species within a horse’s intestinal tract is important, each horse is an individual with differing bacterial constitutions,” she notes. “Further, these bacteria are in a constant state of change depending on the food ingested, the horse’s environment, medication given, season and daily stressors.”
Researchers are no longer looking at the collection of which individual bacteria inhabit the gastrointestinal tract but are instead looking at the products of microbial activity and subsequent function, referred to as the metabolome.
Loving adds, “These are smaller molecules resulting from digestion of what a horse has consumed, including medications, and these molecules are important in cell signaling processes from chemicals they produce.”
The intestinal bacteria expressed is referred to as metatranscriptome, which describeed the RNA and identifies which genes are “turned on,” Loving explains.
Another area of current research is the exfoliome, which refers to the cells shed from the intestinal lining as a natural part of epithelial renewal. Researchers can
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Continued from previous page
identify the genes expressed by the epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract by analyzing the mRNA found in feces.
Feeding the microbiome
The goal of feeding the microbiome is to nurture beneficial gut bacteria. Feeding involves not only nutrition but also exercise, medications, a horse’s environment, daily routines, tasks, travel, competition and stress.
Loving states, “Diet is a key element in feeding gut microbiota. In another recent study, researchers examined management strategies to prevent gut dysbiosis in horses.”
According to research, for optimal gastrointestinal health of the microbiome, at least 60 percent of a horse’s diet should be highquality forage, which promotes good function of the bacteria that ferment fibers to produce short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate and help maintain stable bacterial communities.
“Processed grains and concentrates should be limited as much as possible due to poor small intestinal digestion which causes them to spill over into the large colon where they ferment to cause acidosis and bacterial cell death,” she adds.
However, supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics can affect intestinal bacterial health.
Current research notes prebiotics, psyllium, beet pulp, fructo-oligosaccharides from plants and goodquality forage are useful as they are fiber-based and can provide nutrition to existing and beneficial gut microorganisms.
Loving explains, “An example of probiotics includes live organisms such as saccharomyces, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and enterococcus, which are lactic-acid-producing bacteria.”
Yeast has probiotic functions for fiber digestion, while saccharomyces might provide the best benefits to microbiota modulation, based on study results.
Researchers have identified numerous probiotics, but reliable evidence supporting their effectiveness is still lacking.
Live organisms may struggle to survive the acidity of the equine stomach, which hinders their ability to reach and colonize the large colon where they are needed. Additionally, fermentation in the cecum may further reduce their viability.
“Postbiotics are metabolites and soluble byproducts like butyrate produced by gut microorganisms after feeding on fiber,” she adds. “Butyrate provides energy and nutrition to intestinal epithelial cells to further strengthen tight junctions between the cells, optimizing the gut barrier’s integrity to prevent leaky gut syndrome.”
In the future
Researchers continue to examine metabolomic data from within the equine microbiome to identify biomarkers indicating leaky gut problems.
“This information will help veterinarians and nutritionists tailor a diet specific to a horse’s needs to favorably alter gut microbiome bacteria and affect the metabolome products’ activity and function,” Loving mentions.
Specific diets can promote the proliferation of favorable bacteria and the production of their metabolites, stabilizing intestinal pH and other environmental factors critical to ensuring a healthy microbial balance in the equine gut, contributing to the horse’s overall health.
Melissa Anderson is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) issued the final environmental impact statement analyzing the proposed Dry Creek Trona Mine Project south of Green River in Sweetwater County.
If approved, Pacific Soda LLC would be authorized to construct mine well fields, processing facilities, storage ponds, a co-generation facility, landfills for salt and lime, transportation facilities, natural gas and water pipelines and powerlines to mine and process materials from underground trona beds located 2,300 feet below the surface.
The project is planned to employ 2,000 during construction and approximately 300 full-time, high-paying jobs over the life of the mine.
BLM has selected Alternative D as the
preferred alternative, which could potentially disturb 3,600 acres of private lands and 3,300 acres of public lands, with 93 acres administered by the state of Wyoming.
Pacific Soda LLC estimates there are approximately 117 million tons of recoverable trona within the proposed project area which could produce approximately six million metric tons of marketable soda ash and over 440,900 metric tons of baking soda annually.
A notice of availability published in the Federal Register will kick off a 30-day public review period, ending March 31, after which the BLM may issue a decision on whether to approve the project.
For more information, contact Kelly Lamborn at 307-828-4505 or klamborn@blm.gov.
Calvo, Rachael - Manderson
1 Red Bull, 1630# $17000
Bain, C. Joy - Hyattville
1 Hrfd Bull, 1810# $16550
Geer, Brian - Cody
1 Blk Bull, 1480# $16350
Durbin Creek Ranch - Thermopolis
1 Hrfd Bull, 1555# $15700
1 Hrfd Bull, 1590# $15300 French Clay Creek Angus - Greybull
1 Blk Bull, 1860# $14900 BRED COWS
Willis, Travis - Powell
1 Blk Bred Cow $2525/Hd.
2 Hrfd Bred Cows $1950/Hd. Watkins, Steve - Greybull
2 Corntex Bred Cow $1300/Hd. COWS
TD & Sons LLC - Worland
1 Blk Cow, 1385# $14150
1 BWF Cow, 1380# $13500 Lungren, Luke - Worland
1 Blk Cow, 1235# $13950
1 Blk Cow, 1290# $13850
1 RWF Cow, 1355# $13100 Hoffman, Ronnie - Thermopolis
1 Blk Cow, 1355# $13800 Thurgood, Ranch - Thermopolis
2 Blk Cows, avg. 1718# $13400 Lyman Ranch Co. - Ten Sleep
1 Blk Cow, 1375# $13150 Black, Vern - Riverton
1 Blk Cow, 1125# $12700 Willis, Travis - Powell
1 Blk Cow, 1410# $12000 HEIFER CALVES Thompson, Will - Shoshoni
3 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 358# $39500 Jordan, Lance - Riverton
2 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 445# $36250
5 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 529# $33000 Nicholas, Jacob - Fort Washakie
32 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 464# $35950
58 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 558# $32050 Bjornestad Land & Cattle - Manderson
3 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 472# $35000 Wooden Shoe Farm - Powell 7 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 461# $34950 Nelson, Glenn - Cody
2 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 495# $34400 Deep Creek-Foster Ranch - Riverton 8 Blk Hfr Clvs,
Gillett Farms - Powell
$31700
11 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 530# $32200
32 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 668# $29775
Hamilton Ranch - Hyattville
22 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 593# $32050
Haun, Bill - Worland
8 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 599# $31000
29 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 645# $30000
Parsley Red Angus - Burlington
8 Red Hfr Clvs, avg. 616# $31000
Belden, Isabel - Thermopolis
3 SimX Hfr Clvs, avg. 612# $30600
5 SimX Hfr Clvs, avg. 628# $29750
McNeel, Roby - Big Piney
5 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 622# $30100
ODriscoll, Franklin - Gunnison
25 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 620# $29800
25 BWF Hfr Clvs, avg. 657# $28600
5 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 738# $27100
Johnstone, Casey - Ten Sleep
30 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 711# $28735
Marchant, Lee - Burlington
6 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 710# $28200
Snell, Raymond - Lovell
2 SimX Hfr Clvs, avg. 718# $26800
Medow, Gordon - Shoshoni
8 Blk Hfr Clvs, avg. 845# $23600 STEER CALVES
Thompson, Will - Shoshoni
4 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 340# $42000
Nicholas, Jacob - Fort Washakie
5 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 400# $41400
12 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 459# $38700
66 BWF Str Clvs, avg. 549# $37125
13 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 674# $31150
Jordan, Lance - Riverton
9 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 462# $40000 14 Blk Str Clvs, avg. 551# $35500 Gillett, Gary - Powell 3 Red Str Clvs, avg. 363# $40000 Wooden Shoe Farm - Powell
Blk
March 15-17 7 Triangle 7 Artificial Insemination Spring Training, Akron, Colo. For more information or to register, visit 7triangle7.com or call 307-481-3921.
March 16-22 National Ag Week. For more information, visit agday.org.
March 17 Wyoming 4-H Fifth Annual Virtual Career Night, 6 p.m., Zoom. For more information or to register, visit bit.ly/wy-4h-career-fair
March 18 Ag Day at USDA, 8:30 a.m., USDA Whitten Patio, Washington, D.C. For more information, visit agday.org
March 18 Celebration of National Ag Day, 5:30-8 p.m., Russell Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. For more information, visit agday.org
March 19 University of Wyoming Extension Private Pesticide Applicator Program 9 a.m.-12 p.m., Dubois Town Hall, Dubois. For more information or to RSVP, contact the Lander Extension Office at 307-3322363 or rfisk@uwyo.edu.
March 19 University of Wyoming Extension Private Pesticide Applicator Program 1-5 p.m., Park County Fairgrounds, Powell. For more information or to RSVP, contact Makayla Getz at mgetz@uwyo.edu or 307-754-8837.
March 19 Beef Cattle Research Council Parasite Management Webinar, 7 p.m., online. For more information or to register, visit beefresearch.ca
March 20 Wyoming Stock Growers Land Trust Community Discussion on Conservation Easements and Land Programs, 5-8 p.m., Pine Bluffs Community Center, Pine Bluffs. For more information, call 307-772-2600.
March 20-22 University of Nevada, Reno Extension Bee and Garden Conference, Carson Valley Inn, Minden, Nev. For more information or to register, visit extension.unr.edu/beekeeping/conference.aspx or call 775-782-9960.
March 21 Third Annual High Altitude Bull Test and Sale, Laramie Research and Extension Center, Laramie. For more information, visit uwyo.edu/anisci/outreach or contact Shelby Rosasco at srosasco@uwyo.edu or 307-766-2329.
March 21 High-Elevation Meadow Management Workshop, 11 a.m.-1 p.m., Albany County Fairgrounds, Laramie. To RSVP, call 307-399-1439 or e-mail dadamso2@uwyo.edu.
March 24 University of Nebraska-Lincoln Calculating Annual Cow Costs Webinar, 6:30-8 p.m., Zoom. For more information, contact Aaron Berger at aberger2@ unl.edu or 308-235-3122. To register, visit go.unl.edu/cow_costs
March 27 University of Nebraska-Lincoln Calculating Annual Cow Costs Webinar, 6:30-8 p.m., Zoom. For more information, contact Aaron Berger at aberger2@ unl.edu or 308-235-3122. To register, visit go.unl.edu/cow_costs
March 27-30 Regenerative Ranching School, Powderhorn Ranch, Douglas. For more information and to register, call 307-298-5461 or visit powederhornranchwy.com
March 28 University of Wyoming Extension Private Pesticide Applicator Program, 12-4 p.m., Teton County Weed and Pest Office, Jackson. For more information or to RSVP, contact Makayla Getz at mgetz@uwyo.edu or 307-754-8837.
March 29 Living on a Few Acres Workshop, 9 a.m.-3 p.m., Cody Auditorium, Cody. For more information or to register, e-mail shannon.darrough@usda.gov or call 307-271-3125.
March 14-20
Big Mountain Auctions Farm and Construction Online Auction, 208-4319300, bigmountainauctions.com
March 20 Carter Cattle Company 26th Annual Production Sale, at the ranch, Pingree, Idaho, 208-390-4811, 208-681-9711, 208-681-8859, cartercattleco.com
March 21
March 21
March 21
Black Summit Cattle Annual Bull Sale, Black Summit Cattle Sale Facility, Powell, 307-899-3553, 307-899-1764, blacksummitcattle.com
Montana Performance Bull Co-Op with Basin Angus Ranch Annual Bull Sale, Midland Bull Test Sale Facility, Columbus, Mont., 406-780-1219, 406321-2470, 406-350-0350, basinangus.com
University of Wyoming Third Annual High Altitude Bull Test and Sale, University of Wyoming Laramie Research and Extension Center, Laramie, 307-766-2329, 209-753-8227, 307-460-8129, uwyo.edu/anisci/outreach/ index.html, DVAuction.com
March 22 T-Heart Ranch High Altitude Bull Sale, at the ranch, LaGarita, Colo., 719850-3082, 719-850-3083, t-heartranch.com
March 22
March 22
March 22
March 23-24
March 25
March 26
March 26
March 27
March 27
March 27
March 27
March 28
March 28
March 28
March 29
Sinclair Cattle Company 21st Annual Production Sale, Buffalo Livestock Marketing, Buffalo, 307-254-1477, sinclaircattle.com
Valley View Charolais 57th Annual Bull Sale, at the ranch, Polson, Mont., 406-270-0222, vvcrbulls.com
Lechleiter Simmentals 37th Annual Bull Sale, Loma Livestock, Loma, Colo., 970-209-8008, 970-249-5938
Leachman Cattle Spring Bull and Female Sale, Meriden, 970-568-3983, leachman.com
Northwest WY Angus Association 47th Annual Sale, Riverton Livestock Auction, Riverton, 307-868-2595
NJW Polled Herefords Bull Sale, NJW south ranch, Sheridan, 307-7518289, 307-751-9470, njwherefords.com
McCumber Angus Ranch Annual Bull Sale, at the ranch, Rolette, N.D., 701871-1072, 701-871-9800, mccumberangus.com
Gartner~Denowh Angus Ranch 58th Annual Production Sale, at the ranch, Sidney, Mont., 406-489-0172, 406-480-2761, 406-489-1762, gdar-angus.com
Gibbs Red Angus Annual Production Sale, Glasgow Stockyards, Glasgow, Mont., 406-977-2852, gibbsredangus.com
Schuler Red Angus 43rd Annual Bull Sale, at the ranch, Bridgeport, Neb., 308-262-0306, schulerredangus.com
Vermilion Ranch Spring Performance Sale, heifer sale at 12 p.m., South Pryor Development Center, Billings, Mont. Fourth Annual Online Embryo Sale, at 5:30 p.m. PAYS, Billings, Mont. and online at northernlivestockvideo.com, 406-670-0078, 406-672-5844, vermilionangus.com
Vermilion Ranch Spring Performance Bull Sale, PAYS, Billings, Mont., 406670-0078, 406-672-5844, vermilionangus.com
Lisco and M Diamond 33rd Annual Angus Bull Sale, M Diamond Ranch, Glenrock, 307-359-0167, 307-359-1162, liscomdiamond.com, mdiamondangus.com liscoangus.com
Mills Cattle Company Annual Production Sale, St. Onge Livestock, St. Onge, S.D., 307-756-2030, millscattle.com
Ochsner Limousin Pasture to Plate Performance Sale, live auction, Kersey, Colo., 970-396-5525, 970-222-1984, ochsnercattle.com
Early settlers along the Upper North Platte River, just north of the Wyoming and Colorado border, found themselves isolated on fertile ranches unless they could ford the river, cross the ice or build a bridge.
Perhaps the earliest of the bridge builders in the valley was Billy Butler who had settled in 1878 on what is now the One Bar Eleven Ranch east of Encampment. In the 40 years he was in the valley, he built many bridges, including one at the crossing which still bears his name – the Butler Bridge – which spans the Platte River on the Brush Creek Road at the One Bar Eleven.
According to articles in the Platte Valley Lyre on Feb. 4, 1892, “W.H. Butler has gone up the river to work on the Ira Barcus Bridge.”
In a Feb. 11, 1892 article, the Platte Valley Lyre reports, “The new bridge across the Platte River at the Barcus Ranch is about
completed. It is 208 feet long and is supported by five piers. These piers are heavy log cribs, filled
with stone and are triangular in shape, the points extending up the river.”
“Old timers say it will be almost impossible for the bridge, as it is now constructed, to be washed away as was the old structure last spring,” the article continues. “The bridge is being built by ranchmen of the vicinity, with Ira Barcus bearing the largest share of the expense. Others who expect to use it will have given their time and labor for one day or more in getting out logs.”
US #1 Pinto Beans Food Grade Min Dak 28/cwt
Source: USDA AMS Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News, Torrington
Source: USDA AMS Livestock, Poultry & Grain Market News, Greeley, CO
National Sheep Summary
As of March 7, 2025
Compared to last week slaughter lambs steady to 20.00 lower. Slaughter ewes steady to 20.00 lower. Feeder lambs 6.00-17.00 higher. At San Angelo, TX 9,734 head sold in a two day sale. No sales in Equity Cooperative Auction. 2,805 lamb carcasses sold with no comparison due to confidentiality. All sheep sold per hundred weight (CWT) unless otherwise specified. Slaughter Lambs: Choice and Prime 2-3 San Angelo: wooled and shorn 120-155 lbs 162.00-216.00. Ft. Collins: wooled and shorn 130-140 lbs 190.00-194.00. South Dakota: wooled and shorn 120-140 lbs 206.00-230.00; 145-160 lbs 191.00-213.00.
Billings: wooled and shorn 110-145 lbs no test. Equity Coop: no sales. Slaughter Lambs: Choice and Prime 1-2 San Angelo: hair 40-60 lbs 324.00-350.00; 60-70 lbs 325.00345.00, few 350.00-354.00; 70-80 lbs 290.00-342.00, few 349.00-354.00; 80-90 lbs 280.00-330.00; 90-110 lbs 258.00304.00, few 310.00-316.00. wooled and shorn 50-60 lbs 324.00334.00; 80-90 lbs 286.00-288.00.
Ft. Collins: wooled and shorn 70-80 lbs 285.00-315.00; 8090 lbs 267.50-297.50; 90-100 lbs 242.50-257.50; 100-110 lbs 235.00-240.00; 110-120 lbs 230.00-238.00. hair 50-60 lbs 324.00-325.00; 60-70 lbs 320.00-323.00; 71 lbs 307.50; 80-90 lbs 297.50-307.50; 90-100 lbs 244.00-267.50. South Dakota: wooled and shorn 56 lbs 380.00; 60-70 lbs 300.00-340.00; 80-90 lbs 285.00-315.00; 90-100 lbs 245.00260.00; 100-105 lbs 240.00-274.00; 110 lbs 225.00. hair 54 lbs 335.00; 71 lbs 330.00; 90 lbs 265.00. Billings: no test.
Slaughter Ewes
San Angelo: Good 3-4 (very fleshy) 104.00; Good 2-3 (fleshy) 128.00, hair 120.00-150.00; Utility and Good 1-3 (medium flesh) 142.00, hair 126.00-150.00; Utility 1-2 (thin) hair 100.00134.00; Cull and Utility 1-2 (very thin) hair 98.00-112.00; Cull 1 no test.
Ft. Collins: Good 3-4 (very fleshy) 92.50-122.00; Good 2-3 (fleshy) 90.00-127.50.
South Dakota: Good 3-4 (very fleshy) 90.00-109.00; Good 2-3 (fleshy) 105.00-118.00, hair 95.00-115.00; Utility 1-2 (thin) 90.00-105.00; Cull 1 40.00-80.00.
Billings: Good 3-4 (very fleshy) no test; Good 2-3 (fleshy) no test: Utility 1-2 (thin) no test; Cull 1 no test.
Feeder Lambs: Medium and Large 1-2
San Angelo: hair 30-40 lbs 340.00-350.00; 40-50 lbs 336.00354.00; 50-60 lbs 330.00-343.00.
Ft. Collins: 35 lbs 280.00; 43 lbs 250.00.
South Dakota: 41 lbs 345.00; 56 lbs 313.00; 65 lbs 321.00; 74 lbs 246.00; 80-90 lbs 234.00-239.00; 90-100 lbs 229.00237.00; 100-110 lbs 213.00-216.00.
Billings: no test.
Replacement Ewes: Medium and Large 1-2
San Angelo: yearling hair 80-140 lbs 185.00-216.00/cwt; young hair 130-140 lbs 164.00-168.00/cwt; hair ewes and lambs 125.00-132.00/head.
Ft. Collins: no test.
South Dakota: bred middle age 250.00/head; bred aged 160.00/head; bred young hair 315.00/head; bred middle age
hair 285.00-310.00/head.
Billings: no test. Sheep and lamb slaughter under federal inspection for the week to date totaled 39,000 compared to 39,000 last week and 43,000 last year.
Source: USDA AMS LPG Market News, San Angelo, Texas
National Wool Review
As of March 7, 2025
Domestic wool trading had no confirmed trades reported this week. Prices reflect trades FOB warehouse in original bag or square pack, bellies out, some graded, and 76 mm or longer. No allowance made for coring, freight, or handling fees at the warehouse level to reflect net
CO
Wyoming Hay Summary
As of March 12, 2025
Movement has increased since the last report, producers are saying they are seeing an uptick in demand this week and are hoping that it continues to trend up. Most hay that is moving is moving in small quantities and small loads at a time but more of it seems to be moving at a time this past week throughout the entire state. High quality horse hay that’s in two string bales seems to be moving slightly more this past week as well as lower quality hay. There hasn’t been a lot of dairy hay move this winter, but there was some good quality dairy hay that got sold this past week. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor Website, Northeastern Wyoming is under Moderate to severe soil moisture, Southeastern Wyoming is mostly under extreme dry soil moisture, Northwestern Wyoming is moderate to severe dry with a small patch of extreme drought, Southwestern Wyoming is under abnormally dry soil moisture. According to the National Weather Service Website, precipitation was far below average for this time of year all over the state. Temperatures have been normal for this time of year. According to the University of Wyoming and NRCS Weekly Snow Report, the states SNOTEL’s are reading 99% of median with a high of 110% and a low of 50%, this time last year the state was 97%, and was at 117% in 2023. Western Wyoming is 86%-106% of median, Southwest Wyoming is 110% of median and northeast Wyoming is 76%-87% of median, southeast Wyoming mountain range is 94%100% of median, around Cheyenne is 50% of median. According to the Wyoming Crop Progress Report, as of February 2025, hay and roughage supplies were rated at 73% adequate in the state. Pasture and range is 29% good condition and 41% fair condition, winter wheat is 10% good condition and 49% fair condition, all Livestock is 73% good condition.
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testimony will focus on the impacts of HPAI, as well as another highly consequential respiratory virus – avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) –which has impacted between 60 to 80 percent of turkey flocks nationwide.
As of Feb. 27, 465 commercial turkey operations nationwide have tested positive for HPAI, resulting in the loss of more than 18.7 million turkeys.
“I cannot overstate the impact of these two viral animal diseases which have killed millions of turkeys nationwide,” he adds. “Banks are very concerned about farms’ financial health, and some farmers struggle to obtain credit after losing 30 to 50 percent of their flocks to aMPV.”
According to Zimmerman, the first doses of an imported aMPV modifiedlive vaccine arrived at Minnesota farms, but more shipments are on the way to support farmers across the nation.
“I also want to thank U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), specifically those at the Center for Veterinary Biologics, for their efforts getting this across the finish line. We are hopeful this new tool will ensure many more turkeys make it to market and put us on the path to control the virus,” Zimmerman states. “However, I also think it’s important to acknowledge the industry’s frustrations with USDA’s review process of an imported modified-live vaccine.”
NTF supports research aimed at developing an effective vaccine for HPAI and improving both vaccine and diagnostic technologies, but strongly urges USDA to renegotiate with key trading partners to reduce the potential implications of vaccine deployment.
Zimmerman concludes, “The turkey industry faces numerous challenges, with the most urgent threat directly at our doorstep. Without a new approach to these critical diseases, we risk facing the same crisis next year –more dead birds, more trade restrictions and continued frustration over the lack of progress.”
NPPC concerns
NPPC President Lori Stevermer testifies, “On top of
concerns about strained markets and profitability, pork producers are experiencing impacts from state regulation in California which has created nonsensical outcomes.”
According to NPPC, Prop 12 is negatively impacting family farmers and consumers nationwide, as the proposition requires pork producers to adhere to one state’s arbitrary production standards, which limits market access, encourages consolidation and ultimately results in higher prices for pork.
“Created through an arbitrary state referendum in 2018, this extreme overregulation does not equate to better health or welfare for pigs,” she adds. “In fact, the American Veterinary Medical Association wrote to this committee, ‘The arbitrary housing requirements in Prop 12 do not objectively improve ani-
mal welfare and may unintentionally cause harm.’”
A report from USDA’s Office of the Chief Economist in 2024 discovered, after the implementation of Prop 12, prices for covered pork products in California rose by an average of 20 percent, with pork loins seeing increases as high as 41 percent.
Stevermer states, “The Supreme Court was clear, Congress must act to address this issue for agriculture. We cannot continue to have states set arbitrary standards on production in other states, and we look forward to assisting in efforts to address this issue.”
Labor issues
ASI Executive Board
Region Three Chair Larry Hopkins testified before the committee on labor issues affecting the industry.
“One-third of America’s
sheep herd is under the watch of an H-2A sheepherder. Mandatory and unnecessary overtime payments required by certain states and the mandated salary increase forced on sheep producers by the Department of Labor’s use of the adverse effect wage rate methodology are literally driving ranchers out of the business,” he states. According to recent studies, over the past eight years costs associated with salaries, program fees, food and housing for sheepherders have dramatically increased, all of which are covered by sheep ranchers.
This surge in expenses, along with the costs of food, clothing, application and visa fees for sheepherders, has reached an unsustainable level.
He mentions, “Research conducted by the Wyoming Wool Growers Association indicates the rising salaries and fees for H-2A workers have become unmanageable for sheep production in Wyoming, the third-largest sheep producing state in the country.”
Resilient food system
MFU President Walter Schweitzer testified on the behalf of MFU and the National Farmers Union.
“I believe we must build a more resilient food system,” he states. “A more resilient food system is one that is more diverse than the one we have today, with additional local and regional production, markets and infrastructure.”
Schweitzer highlighted the significant disruptions in the supply chain caused by COVID-19 and their profound effects on both consumers and producers.
He adds, “We can prevent this from happening again by making good policy decisions. especially if we consider the food system was not always this fragile.”
He goes on to describe family-owned stores in rural communities used to have local produce on their shelves, now local food has to be shipped thousands of miles away to be processed, packaged and shipped back to large corporate grocery stores.
“This is not a resilient food supply, and our food security is at risk because we have lost the local food processing facilities providing good-paying jobs in our communities,” he states.
USDA recently increased support for businesses and communities looking to invest in expanded meat and poultry processing, and Congress introduced the Strengthening Local Processing Act in the last session.
Schweitzer concludes, “We expect this legislation to be reintroduced very soon. USDA’s investments are critical, and we must ensure these new facilities are able to operate sustainably and thrive over the long term.”
Melissa Anderson is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this
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spent on issues that were important, but maybe not as essential to running the state government as he hoped.
He specifically referred to national issues which seemed to take on the highest priority in this year’s session.
“It’s a little bit sad to me so much of the national agenda really overwhelms some of the necessary work of the legislature,” he stated. “There was a certain amount of absolutism I think got in the way of the best outcomes for Wyoming people.”
Gordon expressed his support for Senate File (SF) 0152, Wildfire managementamendments, praising the bill for strengthening Wyoming’s ability to fight wildfires and ensuring funding is available for wildfire suppression efforts in 2025.
“I began the session with four important topics, one being the devastation of the fires last year and figuring out how to bring a program together to mitigate future wildfires,” he stated.
Last year, over 850,000 acres in Wyoming burned, with 70 percent of affected land being privately owned or managed by the state.
Gordon mentioned, “I am a little disappointed this
got off track as individuals were not thinking about recovery. It took a while to figure it out.”
The governor’s supplemental budget request of $692 million included $140 million designated for restoring acres burned in 2024 and preparing for potential devastating fires in the future.
He expressed disappointment over the budget’s lack of approval and voiced concerns about the impact Wyoming would face with another severe fire year.
On March 11, the governor approved SF0152 which provides $49 million in grants from the state’s general fund to pay for restoring grasses and preventing noxious weeds as a result of land destroyed by last year’s wildfires.
The bill includes $20 million to replenish the emergency fire suppression account, repays $20 million borrowed from the Legislative Stabilization and Reserve Account in 2024 for fire-related activities, appropriates $1.2 million for disaster contingencies within the Office of Homeland Security and replenishes $1 million in governor’s contingency funds.
Energy Gordon specifically line-
item vetoed funding for a loan program narrower than one funded through SF0195, Small business emergency bridge loan program.
According to the governor, the loan program added to SF0152 robbed funding from the Energy Matching Funds intended to support Wyoming’s core energy industries.
“Energy Matching Funds have proven valuable in supporting investment in transformative Wyoming energy projects, 88 percent of which have benefitted our fossil fuel and mining industries,” Gordon reiterated. “They remind private industries our state is committed to energy production and innovation.”
Energy matching funds support programs designed to provide matching money for private or federal projects related to carbon capture, coal refineries, hydrogen production and wind and solar energy, to name a few.
“Carbon is an incredibly important building block and can put Wyoming out in the lead,” he stated. “I’m really disappointed we lost our way on being supportive of our energy industry. I think it’s incredibly unfortunate.”
Other topics
During the legislative session, another bill approved a 25 percent property tax cut on
assessed value up to $1 million across the state with no backfill from the state government.
Gordon addressed the bill with concern, stating, “I am concerned with how localities will deal with the loss in funding, but it is good to not have communities relying on the state for support.”
He added, “Backfill makes you much more dependent on the state, and as we’re seeing now with what’s going on at the federal level, this dependence can be very problematic for local communities over time. I’m hoping the legislature has a moment to think a bit about what their role is relative to local government.”
Another legislative concern Gordon discussed was bills impacting gaming.
“My concern about the gaming industry is it has exploded, and I am hearing concerns from many constituents about it,” he said.
However, all of those bills failed and Gordon believes this was another area where the legislature missed the mark during the session. He hopes it can be looked at in the interim.
Melissa Anderson is the editor of the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to roundup@wylr.net.
Following the inaugural meeting of the Make America Healthy Again Commission, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins and U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. announced their continued work on the 2025-30 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).
The public comment period closed on Feb. 10, and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are currently conducting a line-by-line review of the Scientific Report of the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee – released in 2024 by the prior administration – and are committed to releasing the final DGAs ahead of its statutory deadline of Dec. 31.
Moving forward beyond 2025, HHS and USDA are looking to make holistic process improvements to ensure transparency and minimize conflicts of interest.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is reopening the public comment period for a proposal to establish an official program for safeguarding, improving and representing the health status of U.S. pigs.
Since 2020, APHIS, in cooperation with industry, has piloted the U.S. Swine Health Improvement Plan (US SHIP) aimed at certifying participating sites as monitored for African swine fever (ASF) and classical swine fever (CSF).
APHIS recently announced the proposed rule, which would build upon the pilot program and establish US SHIP as a national voluntary livestock improvement program. Under the proposal, APHIS would create sectors for various types of swine herds and production facilities centered on production methods and disease risk.
Participating sites would be able to obtain certifications of disease-monitored status for ASF and CSF. These sites would be able to market their products with the relevant certification status, which could limit disruptions to international and interstate commerce in the event of animal disease outbreaks.
Finally, as part of US SHIP, APHIS would establish a General Conference Committee composed of swine producers and other industry and state animal health participants to advise APHIS on matters of swine health and disease management.
Public comments will be accepted at regulations.gov/document/APHIS-2022-0061-0001. All comments must be submitted on or before March 31.
1 Cow, 1205#
1 Cow, 1115#
6 Cow, 1260# $141.00
5 Cow, 1472# $140.50
Bred Cow, 1164#
3 Pair, 1348#
1 Pair, 1655#
Rolly Redland- 200 Blk Ang Strs & Hfrs 525-600#. Comp vacc @ branding & weaning (11-1). Bunk broke. Sired by Low PAP Redland Redbank Blk Ang bulls. Summer @ 8500ft. Nice calves!
Paul & Ginger Ward- 50 Blk Ang Strs 600#. Rec 2 rounds of shots. High elevation. Super set of growthy steers!
Bryan Parkhurst- 19 Blk Ang Strs 700-800#. Rec 2 rounds of Vision 8. Been out on pasture & hay fed. Weaned since Nov. Nice set of calves!
Bryan Thomson- 12 Blk Ang Hfrs 500-550#. Rec 2 rounds of Pyramid 5 + Presponse & Dectomax injectable. Summer calves, weaned in Dec. Hay fed, bunk broke. Sired by quality registered Black Angus bulls. Bangs vacc. Nice heifers!
Derek Erickson- 6 Ang/Hereford X Strs 500-600#. 6 Ang/HerefordX Hfrs 500-600#. All natural! Weaned since November!
George Johnstone- 3 Blk & Red Ang Strs & Hfrs 600-700#. Rec 2 rounds shots. Weaned a long time.