Formulation of a Novel Biocontrol Agent using Different Plants Extracts Against Locust Aashishram.R , Amala Jerline.A II B.Tech Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University) Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114 Tamil Nadu
ORGANOPHAPHOSPHATE STRUCTURE
ABSTRACT The Desert locust is the world’s most dangerous migratory pest with a voracious appetite unmatched in the insect world within the desert locust’s range, which is equivalent to 20% of the earth’s land surface .The insects annually reproduce, concentrate and then form swarms that can move up to 150km/day in the search of food. To control the desert locust many countries are taking steps like using chemical pesticides, artificial intelligence technology and so on. Currently, the primary method of controlling desert locust is by the use of Organophosphate, a chemical applied in small concentrated doses (ultra low volume formulation) by vehicle mounted and aerial sprayers. But organophosphate pesticides are harmful for humans as well as to animals. Especially high exposure causes attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder in children. Instead of using the organophosphate as chemical pesticides, the use organophosphate as a biopesticides which is extracted from medicinal plants such as Mentha spicata, Cuminum cyminum, Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomilla . Moreover no adverse effect has been reported from these extracts on the environment or mammals, thereby making it a potential biopesticide for the biosafe application in the control of locust. The availability of these extracts as renewable resources from the tree, such as fruits, stem bark, and leaves makes these plants as a potential candidates for controlling locust with minimal interference on the plants. In this regard, these extracts could be further exploited as a source of natural insecticide.
INTRODUCTION Today the major agriculture problem is caused by desert locust[1] . They are originated from east Africa. Locust swarms have destroyed the crops of many countries like Somalia, Yemen, Kenya, Ethiopia, India…etc [1]. The FAO reported that the locust swarm typically contain between 4 billion to 8 billion locust can consume the food of 3.5 million people[1]. The locust can be controlled by Organophosphate chemical pesticides but it is also harmful humans and animals [2].For this we can use organophosphate bio pesticides which is extracted from plants (Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomile, Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Cuminum cyminum (Cumin seed))[2].
ORGANOPHOSPHATE CHEMICAL PESTICIDES Organophosphate (OP) compounds are group of pesticides that includes some of the most toxic chemical used in agriculture. OP toxicity is due to the ability of these compound to inhabit an enzyme Acetyl cholinesterase at cholinergic junction of the nervous system. Organophosphate pesticides such as Malathion 96 and Chlorpyrifos both are used to control the locust swarms across state . ORGANOPHOSPHATE COMPUND IN MEDICINAL PLANT
MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten samples of each group of plants Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomile (Matricaria recutita), Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Cuminum cyminum (Cumin seed) were collected. The plant material was powdered sieved (1.2mm) and stored away from light and moisture in airtight containers until analysis(2 months later). Analysis based on the method headspace solid –phase microextraction of target compounds followed GM-M for qualification and quantification. This experiment was done IRAN 2012. Result of experiment, at detection limit of the 0.5ng g-1 Parathion and Pirimiphos methyl were not detected in any of the samples other organophosphates were found in some samples residues of both Malathion and Diazinon were detected together in some of the samples. The highest mean levels of Malathion (24±9.68 ng g-1)were detected in chamomile while the spearmint samples showed the highest level of diazinon (98.2±14.53 ng ng-1).
RESULT The concentration of some of the organophosphate pesticides including Parathion, Malathion, Diazinon & Pirimiphos methyl in different kinds of medicinal plants were determined. At the detection limit of 0.ng g-1, Parathion and Pirimiphos methyl were not detected in any of the samples. Some amount of Malathion, Diazinon were Zataria multiflora, Matricaria chamomile, Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Cuminum cyminum .
MINT
ZATARIA
CUMIN
Matricaria chamomile
The result shows that it has highest level of diazinon (98.2±14.53 ng g-1) the compound of organophosphate
CONCLUTION Mentha spicata, Cuminum cyminum, Matricaria chamomile and Zataria multiflora extract are proved to effective insecticides against the Locust. It affects the locust and there is no harmful effect for humans and animals .By this we conclude that this bio-pesticide is very much helpful for the farmers against the Locust
REFERENCE 1) Use science to fight the locust plague,journal:Nature ,Vol 584 , issue:27 August 2020 page no :497 2) Parisa Sarkhail, Masud Yunesian, Reza Ahmadkhaniha, Pantea Sarkheil, Noushin Rastkari:Levels of organophosphorus pesticides in medicinal plants commonly consumed in IranDARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20 (1), 9, 2012 3)Balança, G., de Visscher, M. Impacts on Nontarget Insects of a New Insecticide Compound used Against the Desert Locust [Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775)]. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32 , 58 –62 (1997).