MARINE LIFE FLOURISHING HUMAN WORLD ABSTRACT Marine life covers nearly 75% of earth surface. Life present inside the water is valuable as it provides us with high quality food, fuel, cosmetics, biotechnological products and medicine. Many products are commercially available in the market that are derived from marine life and the demand for aquaculture is expected to grow by 70% during the next 30 years. Considering all the benefits provided by marine life to the mankind, it can be definitely said that marine life flourishes human world. This study covers the products obtained from marine life, challenges and its future prospects in detail.
USES
PHARMACEUTICAL ANTI-CANCER COMPOUND: Didemnis Bphase II human clinical trial
USES OF MARINE DERIVED PRODUCTS FOOD AND FUEL
BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS
COSMETIC
DOLASTATIN: 10 times more potent than vincristine and vinblastine
IMMUNE REGULATORS: Seaweed polysaccharide PHARMACEUTICAL
ECONOMICS OF AQUACULTURE FOOD AND FUEL MACROALGAE- SEAWEEDS • High concentration of essential vitamins, trace elements, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, enzymes and minerals • Mass production of seaweeds by seedling through tissue culture
MICROALGAE- GREEN ALGAE AND CYNOBACTERIA • Used as fuel – Dunaliella algae produces butanol or ethanol as fuel • Used as pigment – beta-carotene pigment by Spirulina and Chlorella
• • • • •
70% expected growth during next 30 years 10 % of world sea foods supplied by US Chile – second largest exporter Norway - leading producer of salmon 75% farmed shrimp produced in Asia
MARKETED MARINE DERIVED PRODUCTS Ara-A (antiviral) Ara-C (anti cancer) Cephalosporin (antibiotics) Aequorin (bioluminescent calcium indicator|) Vent TMA polymerase (PCR enzyme)
COSMETICS
Phycoerythrin (ELISA)
• Collagen used as moisturizer and humectant extracted from salmon and codfish skins • Many antioxidants and photo-protective compounds obtained from marine life Marine sources used in cosmetics include:
THREATS TO OCEANS
MARINE SPONGES SEA FENNEL
SEAWEED
MARINE TURTLES
PHTOPLANKTON
HYDRA
CORAL JELLY FISH
BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS • • • ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢
• Climate change • Pollution • Sustainable seafood
Hormone production like gonadotropin Spermeation stimulated in grass puffer Adjuvant in vaccines: Squalene from shark Deania hystricosa Cucumariosides from Cucumaria japonica Chitosan Fucoidans from Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus evanescens
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SCOPE OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA • Maine biologists can work in various research centers along the coast of India • Marine biotechnologists can produce different types of biocatalysts, biomedical products and biofuel and set up banks for supply of various types of hatcheries
FUTURE PROSPECTIVE The rapid progression of climate change and the issue of reducing carbon dioxide have resulted in growing attention to the oceans in recent years. Trends in new marine materials industries and research today suggest that the industry possesses high potential for continued development. The depletion of petroleum and coal energy around the world has led to major activity in new and renewable energy development and research. As of 2016, bio-energy accounted for 11% of all new and renewable energy. The first research on bio-energy as a means of reducing CO2 and providing an environmentally friendly energy. Coordination of marine biotechnology with Pharmaceutical industry can yield high quality of product in future .
• Uses of seaweed and its application to human welfare: A review, Mitali PriyadarshaniI Patia, Satyabrata Das Sharma, Lakshman Nayaka, Chita Ranjan Pandab • Taylor, S. A.; Goodman, P.; Stuckey, W. J. Stephens, R. L.; Gaynor, E. R. Invest. New Drugs 1992, 10, 55.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank BioTecNika for giving me the opportunity to present a poster on Marine life Flourishing Human World.