Risk Management in the ROPME Sea Area

Special Area ANNEX I & V

Special Area ANNEX I extended to 200 nm

2011 WMU-IMO Conference on Oil-Spill Risk Management

Risk Management in the ROPME Sea Area Capt.

C t A A.M.M. M M Al-Janahi Al J hi & CE CEng. H H.G. G K Knoop Marine Emergency Mutual Aid Centre (MEMAC)

H M H

H

M

H

¾

Semi-enclosed sea

¾

Shallow Sh ll basin b i (≤ 100 m, average 35 m)

¾

High productive prod cti e coastal habitats

¾

Volume approx. approx 8,600 8 600 km3

¾

Freshwater river supply approx 160 km3 per year approx.

¾

Water exchange rate 1 per 3-5 years

¾

High concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons y

他 Approx. 160 offshore installations 他 1000s km of sea pipelines 他 Ever growing offshore fleet

SAUDI ARABIA

Primary Oil & Gas Deposits 息 M. Izady, 2008-10

Ship density • 45-50,000 Hormuz passages • 60,000 port calls C Casualties li (reported 2009)

• 32 casualties • 53 lives lost • >150,000 tons oil spilled Forecast 2015 • ≈90,000 port calls • ≈40 casualties • ≈30 lives lost • ≈250,000 tons oil spilled

Reported casualties 2000-09 = 179 Concentration of locations (hot spots)

Reported casualties 2000 - 09, and probabiliy of casualties 2009 - 15 I‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Projection ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ I‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Empirical data ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 8

15

15

15

18

25

22

17

33

30

32

34

36

38

40

43

S

Medium-high

A

LP1 S

OP1 U

Low-medium

A

A

S

Low

A

A

A

S = Serious p U = Unacceptable

U

Critical

A = Acceptable

LP2

Consequences

OP2

U

LL2 U

LL1 U

S C Catastrophic

A

Marginal

High

Negligible

Likelihood/fre equency

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Probability of increase in maritime casualties 2009-15

The Risk Exposure as to - loss l off lives li (LL) - loss of properties (LP) - and oil pollution (OP) is at serious to unacceptable level, with the strong tendency to unacceptable risk level at increasing frequencies ... if no Risk Ri k R Reduction d ti Measures M are taken. t k

RSA Risk Reduction Package: ¾ Capacity building at Maritime Administration ¾ Cooperation maritime & environ. authorities ¾ Implementation, Implementation enforcement & control of int int'll & regional conventions ¾ Implement Safety & Environmental Protection Infrastructures & Services (SEPIS) at EEZ EEZ-level level ¾ Relief of and support to Member States by improving regional maritime cooperation ¾ Maritime Emergency Response & Salvage Cooperation Unit (MERCU)

0

300 600

5

28 % 41 %

ME CATTS = 522 Mio o

GA A CATS thresshold value = 6.4 Bn

Mangrovves

Fish = 355 5 Mio/year

Desalinatiion feed = 5 Bn

19 %

139 %

Mumbai accident impacts trade cargo = 4 BN N

2 %

L

450

15

US Billion

De esalination fe eed includin ng aux. costss = 17 Bn

150

USD M Million

Cost – Benefit Indicators 0.6 % 1.6 % 2.5 %

Mangroves = 245 Mio marine life; L = 72 – 8.5 Mio/human life

Risk reduction = 100 Mio 100 Mi

Risk Reduction financing in a nutshell: 9

Caused by rapidly increasing shipping and general maritime activities the RSA risk exposure is at serious to unacceptable level;

9

To protect the vitally important assets of an intact RSA and to catch-up with the obligations under ratified int'l conventions, the Member States maintain safety and environmental i t l protection t ti iinfrastructures f t t and d services i (SEPIS) (SEPIS);

9

The improvement of SEPIS by the regional Risk Reduction Package including MERCU serves the Member States and the maritime industries alike;

9

MERCU releases national administrations through Member States' concerted action, thus strengthening regional maritime governance;

9

Maritime industry's contribution to the costs for improving safety and environmental protection means cost sharing by beneficiaries, based on the user/polluterpays principle.

Âť... A person or persons persons, whose business from whence pollution originates is held to be responsible for the costs of measures to prevent, control and reduce the said pollution. It is not inherently required that polluters necessarily undertake protective measures on their own behalf.

Indeed, some actions may be performed or commissioned by enforcement agencies. The principle would however hold that the costs of such actions are borne by the polluter; this is likely to be reflected in the costs of [...] servicesÂŤ Worthington 2003

Risk Reduction financing in a nutshell: Application

all merchant ships ≥ 500 GT irrespective of flag

Amount of share

0.05 USD $ per 1 GT, due at first RSA port of call

Collection of shares

as part of the regular tariffs by the ship agent

Validity of shares

at all RSA port facilities for [30] days; special conditions for domestic traffic

Implementation

uniformly at all facilities in the RSA

Non discrimination

no ship or flag must be favoured or discriminated

Allocation & supervision

solely devoted to contribute to SEPIS costs; directed by MEMAC according to RSA Member States' States decisions and supervision

Review

after [5] years by RSA Member States, depending on performance and experiences gained

»If anyone spoils the water of another let him not only pay the damages, but also to purify the stream which contains the water.« Plato, 427-348 BC

Full ahead: Protecting the Environment

by Promoting Safety

Thank you very much for your attention!